cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Leadership in Mexico: cultural factors affecting organisational leadership

The purpose of this article was to provide an overview of cultural factors affecting organisational leadership in Mexico. A comprehensive review, analysis, and synthesis of the literature on cultural aspects that affect or could affect organisational leadership in Mexico were conducted. The findings of the study suggest that there are certain cultural values such as low acceptance of ambiguity, feeling comfortable with rules, avoiding risk, and willingness to accept uneven power distribution, which could influence leadership practices in Mexico. Effective leadership styles in Mexico are those that take into consideration the particularities of the Mexican culture. This article has implications for expatriates assigned to leadership positions in Mexico. It is important that expatriates managing a Mexican workforce be aware of the cultural factors that could impact Mexicans' expectations about leadership. By being aware of the cultural factors influencing leadership in Mexico, human resource professionals of MNCs can facilitate management development programs to better prepare expatriates for leadership positions in Mexico.
Compound annotation with real time cellular activity profiles to improve drug discovery.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In the past decade, a range of innovative strategies have been developed to improve the productivity of pharmaceutical research and development. In particular, compound annotation, combined with informatics, has provided unprecedented opportunities for drug discovery.Areas covered: In this review, a literature search from 2000 to 2015 was conducted to provide an overview of the compound annotation approaches currently used in drug discovery. Based on this, a framework related to a compound annotation approach using real-time cellular activity profiles for probe, drug, and biology discovery is proposed.Expert opinion: Compound annotation with chemical structure, drug-like properties, bioactivities, genome-wide effects, clinical phenotypes, and textural abstracts has received significant attention in early drug discovery. However, these annotations are mostly associated with endpoint results. Advances in assay techniques have made it possible to obtain real-time cellular activity profi...
Adverse Effects of Substances Associated with Fibre

The strict definition of dietary fibre includes only NSP derived from plant cell walls. However, the sources from which these polysaccharides are derived are usually complex plant tissues containing a variety of other structural elements and secondary metabolites. The trend toward increased consumption of dietary fibre may therefore lead to a greater intake of many other substances besides complex carbohydrates. This is equally true in the case of consumers increasing their intake of unprocessed ‘wholefoods’ such as seed legumes, and those favouring commercial products such as breads, snack foods and breakfast cereals containing processed fibre supplements.
A model-driven approach to automate the development of communication channels for Internet of Things applications

The paper postulates the feasibility and optimization of HVAC systems using programmable controllers. HVAC (heating, ventilating and air conditioning) systems are used for controlled maintenance of indoor ambient characteristics in optimal manner; with regards to outdoor ambient characteristics. The paper includes a simplified sequence of diagrams to represent the architecture of the system. Further, it also comprises of the systems and software's used for the same. Also, the paper gives an insight of the advantages of using programmable controllers, and the challenges which are overcome by it. For the ease of understanding a case study of a pharmaceutical company is given who is currently using the system. The main purpose of this project was to create a regulated monitoring system, integration of the utilities like electricity and water, creating a general report of the system for the given or needed time span, also to create a graphical visualization of the real time data and system.
Manifold Location Routing Problem with Applications in Network Theory

A new location routing problem (LRP) named manifold location routing problem (MLRP) and the corresponding solution technique were introduced to the scientific and engineering communities for a single facility (1-MLRP) in Tokgoz et al. (Computational Management Science. Springer, Berlin, 2014). MLRP is an LRP when the surface is assumed to be a Riemannian manifold surface (RMS). An example of an RMS is the surface of the Earth, where the roads on this surface are geodesics. The shortest path and the distances between two locations on RMS can be determined by using the shortest path geodesic distances. In this work, the formulation of the 1-MLRP, the underlying theory used for introducing 1-MLRP, and a heuristic algorithm to solve 1-MLRP are explained. In addition, the generalization of 1-MLRP introduced in Tokgoz et al. (Computational Management Science. Springer, Berlin, 2014) from a single-facility to the two-facility case is implemented by introducing the 2-facility MLRP (i.e., 2-MLRP). The implementation of a method called linked chain method employed in Tokgoz et al. (Computational Management Science. Springer, Berlin, 2014) to determine the vehicle routes from the potential locations of the facilities is also explained. Riemannian geometry and the meaning of geodesics on Riemannian manifolds are also discussed briefly. In addition the implementation of 2-MLRP in networks is explained in the last section.
Tephrochronology and its Application to Problems in New-World Archaeology

Quaternary tephra layers abound in the Americas, especially in the western and central part. Few of them have been examined in detail. At present, New-World archaeologists use tephra horizons mainly as marker beds for correlation purposes and, where the local tephra sequence has been dated, as rough age indicators for their sites. They are beginning to realize the importance of tephra deposits as: (1) thick caps of sediment that can protect artifacts from disturbance and plunder; (2) indicators of ancient natural disasters; (3) potential sources for radiometric dates; and (4) material suitable for the application of approximate dating methods. Case histories from El Salvador, Central Mexico, and the Pacific Northwest are presented to demonstrate how useful tephra layers are to archaeologists.
Infrastructure, Social Practice, and Environmentalism: The Case of Bicycle-Commuting

Automobile travel is a major contributor to US greenhouse gas emissions. Reducing car travel could slow climate change, but this goal is made difficult by the constellation of economic, political, cultural, and infrastructural forces that form a mutually reinforcing “system of automobility.” This complexity suggests the need for an approach that attends to both the reciprocal relationship between infrastructure and practice and the moderating influence of cultural factors, but policies to encourage sustainable practices rely on asocial conceptions of behavior. With longitudinal data on bicycle-commuting in sixty-two large US cities from 2000 to 2014, I use fixed-effects regression and structural equation modeling to perform two strong tests of whether the expansion of bikeway facilities induces more bicycling, and whether this effect depends on the strength of environmentalism in a city. I also use structural equation modeling to perform a preliminary test of the reverse causal effect—whether bicycle-commuting can spur bikeway creation, again allowing for a moderating effect of environmentalism. My results add to existing evidence that bikeways induce bicycling, and provide preliminary support for the reverse effect, but also indicate that both effects are moderated by local environmentalism. Implications for the persistence of auto-dominance are discussed.
Simultaneous estimation of detection sensitivity and absolute copy number from digital PCR serial dilution

Digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) is a refinement of the conventional PCR approach to nucleic acid detection and absolute quantification. Digital PCR works by partitioning a sample of DNA or cDNA into many individual, parallel PCR reactions. Current quantification methods rely on the assumption that the PCR reactions are always able to detect single target molecules. When the assumption does not hold, the copy numbers will be severely underestimated. We developed a novel dPCR quantification method which determines whether the single copy assumption is violated or not by simultaneously estimating the assay sensitivity and the copy numbers using serial dilution data sets. The implemented method is available as an R package digitalPCR.
Thoughts Have Consequences: Attributions By and About Entrepreneurs

An entrepreneurial venture cannot succeed if it is not begun, so an entrepreneur’s decision to start is absolutely critical. That decision will be affected by the entrepreneur’s beliefs about what personal traits are needed and whether she/he has them. Once started, an entrepreneurial venture only very rarely can be scaled without external financial support, provided by investors who have their own unique views of the required traits and likely causes of success. The principles of attribution theory inform our understanding of the causes of both success and failure. Additionally, well-documented errors in causal reasoning can adversely affect entrepreneurial action. This chapter describes the fundamentals of the attribution approach and suggests how correct attributions can support entrepreneurial behavior.
Variability in Diagnosing Brain Death at an Academic Medical Center

Objective. Research continues to highlight variability in hospital policy and documentation of brain death. The aim of our study was to characterize how strictly new guidelines of American Academy of Neurology (AAN) for death by neurological criteria were practiced in our hospital prior to appointment of neurointensivists. Method. This is a retrospective study of adults diagnosed as brain dead from 2011 to 2015. Descriptive statistics compared five categories: preclinical testing, neurological examination, apnea tests, ancillary test, and documentation of time of death. Strict adherence to AAN guidelines for brain death determination was determined. Result. 76 patients were included in this study. Preclinical prerequisites were fulfilled in 53.9% and complete neurological examinations were documented in 76.3%. Apnea test was completed in 39.5%. Ancillary test was completed in 29.8%. Accurate documentation of time of death occurred in 59.2%. Overall, strict adherence to current AAN guidelines for death by neurological criteria was correctly documented in 38.2%. Conclusion. Our study shows wide variability in diagnosing brain death. These findings led us to update our death by neurological criteria policy and increase awareness of brain death determination with the goal of improving our documentation following current AAN guidelines.
Pediatricians and screening for obesity with body mass index: does level of training matter?

Objectives Pediatric obesity is increasing at epidemic rates in industrialized nations. It is recommended that pediatricians screen all children annually with the use of body mass index (BMI). However, it is unclear whether this recommendation is followed. This study sought to (1) determine the proportion of children screened for obesity with BMI, and (2) test whether attending physicians are more likely than resident physicians to document and plot BMI. Methods We conducted a systematic review of medical records in an urban academic pediatric practice. Participants were children aged 5 to 11 years presenting for health care in 2004. We measured the proportion of subjects with documented and plotted BMI and compared results for attending and resident physicians. We used logistic regression analysis to determine factors associated with documentation of BMI. Results Of 397 medical records reviewed, 59.7% contained the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth curve with BMI for age; 5.5% documented BMI, and 4.3% plotted BMI. Resident physicians were more likely to document (13.0% vs. 3.0%, p = 0.0008) and plot (9.0% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.0260) BMI compared with attending physicians. Children with a BMI--95% for age were more likely to have their BMI documented (odds ratio [OR] = 10.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.7, 31.5) and plotted (OR = 7.1, 95% CI 2.3, 21.6). Conclusion We found the use of BMI to screen for childhood obesity very poor in this academic pediatric practice. Resident physicians were more likely to document and plot BMI than attending physicians.
Editorial: JM3 Impact Factor

This PDF file contains the editorial “Editorial: JM3 Impact Factor” for JM3 Vol. 5 Issue 03
Laparoscopic Management of Penetrating Thoracoabdominal Trauma.

Abstract Background: Traumatic thoracoabdominal injuries can involve multiple organs and multiple cavities, which increases the complexity of surgical management. Traditionally, these injuries requ...
Robust multi-label semi-supervised classification

The lack of labels and the poor quality of data present a common challenge in many data mining and machine learning problems. The model performance might be limited if only a few labeled samples are available for training. Moreover, the data may be noisy in reality, which disturbs the data distribution and further hinders the learning performance. These problems become even more critical in multi-label classification, which has an intricate label space and usually requires clean data for training. In this paper, we aim to tackle the above problems by learning effective feature representations for semi-supervised multi-label classification. We propose a novel approach named Adaptive Low-rank Semi-supervised learning for Multi-label classification (ALSM). It learns an intermediate feature space for both labeled and unlabeled training samples via low-rank matrix recovery, and employs an adaptive semi-supervised learning strategy to train a multi-label classifier. We solve the problem by devising an optimization algorithm based on the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). Our approach can be applied to both transductive and inductive semi-supervised multi-label classification problems. Experiments on five benchmark multi-label datasets show that our approach outperforms the representative multi-label classification methods in most cases.
Generation of Multi-mode NOON States with Arbitrary N

We present three methods of generating multi-mode NOON states with arbitrary photon number using either coherent states or Fock states along with single photons. Generation probabilities are calculated to show their efficiencies.
A multicenter randomized controlled trial of two group education programs for fatigue in multiple sclerosis: Long-term (12-month) follow-up at one site:

Background:A four-site RCT of Fatigue: Take Control (FTC), a multicomponent group program, found no significant differences from a control program, MS: Take Control (MSTC), in fatigue on the Modifi...
Transitioning Racial/Ethnic Minorities With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Related Services:

Related services were examined for 1,400 racial/ethnic transitioning minorities enrolled in the National Longitudinal Transition Study–2 database after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic v...
Order effect when comparing usability of two telehealth remote monitoring technology solutions

An experienced healthcare device evaluator collaborated with a human factors scientist to develop and conduct a usability test of two different telehealth remote monitoring solutions as part of a l...
Regulation of Space Activities in Ukraine

Ukraine is a space-faring nation, having inherited about one third of the Soviet Union’s space potential after the break-up of the latter.
GATA4 represses RANKL in osteoblasts via multiple long-range enhancers to regulate osteoclast differentiation

GATA4 is a transcription factor that is responsible for tissue-specific gene regulation in many tissues, and more recent studies showed that it is necessary for osteoblast differentiation. Previously, we showed that in vivo deletion of Gata4 using Cre-recombinase under the control of the Col1a1 2.3 kb promoter, showed significantly reduced trabecular bone properties. To understand the role of GATA4 in more differentiated cells, GATA4fl/fl mice were crossed with mice expressing Cre-recombinase under the control of the osteocalcin promoter. MicroCT analysis of trabecular bone properties of the femur and tibia from 14-week-old female osteocalcin-Cre/GATA4fl/fl (OCN-cKO) mice showed a significant reduction in percentage bone volume, a decrease in trabecular number and an increase in trabecular spacing. In vivo, histomorphometric analysis revealed a decrease in the number of osteoblasts and an increase in the number of osteoclasts in the tibiae of OCN-cKO mice. In vivo and in vitro systems correlated a decrease in Gata4 mRNA with increased RANKL gene expression. To determine if RANKL is a direct target of GATA4, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing was performed, and it demonstrated that GATA4 is recruited to seven enhancers near RANKL. Furthermore, when Gata4 is knocked down, the chromatin at the RANKL region is further opened, as detected by a reduction in histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and an increase in histone 3 lysine 4 dimethylation (H3K4me2) in the RANKL locus. In vitro, TRAP staining of cells from bone marrow cultures from Gata4 knockout cells show that the increased levels of RANKL are sufficient for osteoclast formation. Together, the data suggest that GATA4 directly represses RANKL expression via seven cis-regulatory regions and plays an important role in maintaining proper bone development and osteoclast formation.
Review: Revisiting the Theis solution derivation to enhance understanding and application

The Theis solution is perhaps the most influential and frequently used analytical model in groundwater hydrology. Its publication in 1935 led to immediate and continued use for simulating hydraulic head drawdown, in both confined and unconfined aquifers, as a tool in aquifer parameter estimation. For educational purposes, the Theis solution and the related Jacob’s approximation often serve as the backbone for teaching pumping-well theory, including topics such as boundary conditions in aquifers, image well theory, linear superposition, and pumping-induced streamflow depletion. Clearly, a thorough understanding of the Theis solution is critical for groundwater engineers and hydrologists. However, the solution often is presented as a “black box”, neglecting the actual origins of its derivation and accompanying physical context. This can lead to misconceptions about the model and its inherent limitations. In this paper, a physically based detailed derivation of the Theis solution is presented, along with a method of calculating drawdown from a pumping well without resorting to the final Theis equation. Examples of both constant-rate pumping and variable-rate pumping are presented and compared to results using the original Theis solution. In particular, variable pumping rates are accounted for by direct numerical integration of an earlier form in the original Theis derivation, removing the need for linear superposition of solutions in time. In this way, it is hoped the paper will provide a method of calculation that ties the model user to the physical meaning of the solution, including its assumptions.
Black-box model-based regression testing of fail-safe behavior in web applications

Abstract This paper provides an approach for selective black-box model-based regression testing for web applications, emphasizing testing proper mitigation of external failures in web applications. This approach uses an existing model of web applications, FSMWeb, and extends its test generation capabilities to include selective regression testing of fail-safe behavior. It classifies existing tests as reusable, retestable, and obsolete. The approach reduces the number of tests compared to a full retest between 3% to 81% depending on the type of changes in the example and by over 99% in the case study. Removing reusable requirements reduced test requirements between 49% to 65% in the case study. The approach also uses partial regeneration for new tests wherever possible.
Valvular Heart Disease: Regurgitant Lesions

1. Aortic regurgitation is a flow from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole leading to both volume and pressure overload. 2. Severity is characterized by regurgitant jet size and left ventricular dilatation measured with echocardiography.
Synthesizing the effects of large, wild herbivore exclusion on ecosystem function

Wild large herbivores are declining worldwide. Despite extensive use of exclosure experiments to investigate herbivore impacts, there is little consensus on the effects of wild large herbivores on ecosystem function. Of the ecosystem functions likely impacted, we reviewed the five most‐studied in exclosure experiments: ecosystem resilience/resistance to disturbance, nutrient cycling, carbon cycling, plant regeneration, and primary productivity. Experimental data on large wild herbivores' effects on ecosystem functions were predominately derived from temperate grasslands (50% grasslands, 75% temperate zones). Additionally, data were from experiments that may not be of adequate size (median size 400 m² despite excluding all experiments below 25 m²) or duration (median duration 6 years) to capture ecosystem‐scale responses to these low‐density and wide‐ranging taxa. Wild herbivore removal frequently impacted ecosystem functions; for example, net carbon uptake increased by three times in some instances. However, the magnitude and direction of effects, even within a single function, were highly variable. A focus on carbon cycling highlighted challenges in interpreting effects on a single function. While the effect of large herbivore exclusion on carbon cycling was slightly positive when its components (e.g. pools vs. fluxes of carbon) were aggregated, effects on individual components were variable and sometimes opposed. Given modern declines in large wild herbivores, it is critical to understand their effects on ecosystem function. However, this synthesis highlights strong variability in direction, magnitude, and modifiers of these effects. Some variation is likely due to disparity in what components are used to describe a given function. For example, for the carbon cycle we identified eight distinctly meaningful components, which are not easily combined yet are potentially misrepresentative of the larger cycle when considered alone. However, much of the observed difference in responses likely reflects real ecological variability across complex systems. To move towards a general predictive framework we must identify where variation in effect is due to methodological differences and where due to ecosystem context. Two critical steps forward are (a) additional quantitative synthetic analyses of large herbivores' effects on individual functions, and (b) improved, increased systematic exclosure research focusing on effects of large herbivores' exclusion on functions. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Disparities in Neonatal Intensive Care: Context Matters.

Medical innovation in the care of premature and high-risk newborns has contributed to substantial declines in infant mortality in the United States over the past several decades; however, racial and ethnic disparities, particularly for African American and American Indian and/or Alaskan native infants persist.1,2 For many, it has been assumed that care in the NICU is consistently of high quality and is delivered equitably.3 In this issue of Pediatrics , researchers challenge the long-held assumption that NICU care is the great equalizer for improving infant health. In a systematic review of the literature on various components of NICU care, Sigurdson et al4 assessed publications for racial and/or ethnic disparities in structural (eg, setting), process (eg, patient referral), and outcome (morbidity and mortality) quality measures. In general, the authors found differential receipt of or access to various aspects of care. Infants born to African American mothers are more likely to be delivered in hospitals that are of poorer quality, that serve a higher proportion of African American infants, and that experience significantly higher patient-to-nurse ratios. Disparities in process measures included … Address correspondence to Wanda D. Barfield, MD, Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Mail Stop F-74, Atlanta, GA 30341. E-mail: wjb5{at}cdc.gov
Effect of additives and aging on moisture-induced damage potential of asphalt mixes using surface free energy and laboratory-based performance tests

ABSTRACTLack of mechanistic foundation and poor correlations with field performance of conventional laboratory-based tests has accelerated the search for a mechanistic-based approach for screening ...
Apology and Restitution: The Psychophysiology of Forgiveness After Accountable Relational Repair Responses

Apology and restitution each represents wrongdoers' accountable repair responses that have promoted victims' self-reported empathy and forgiveness in crime scenario research. The current study measured emotional and stress-related dependent variables including physiological measures, to illuminate the links between predictors of forgiveness and health-relevant side effects. Specifically, we tested the independent and interactive effects of apology and restitution on forgiveness, emotion self-reports, and facial responses, as well as cardiac measures associated with stress in 32 males and 29 females. Apology and restitution each independently increased empathy, forgiveness, gratitude, and positive emotions, while reducing unforgiveness, negative emotion, and muscle activity above the brow (corrugator supercilii, CS). The presence of a thorough apology-regardless of whether restitution was present-also calmed heart rate, reduced rate pressure products indicative of cardiac stress, and decreased muscle activity under the eye (orbicularis oculi, OO). Interactions pointed to the more potent effects of restitution compared to apology for reducing unforgiveness and anger, while elevating positivity and gratitude. The findings point to distinctive impacts of apology and restitution as factors that foster forgiveness, along with emotional and embodied changes relevant to health.
Solid fuel use and early child development disparities in Ghana: analyses by gender and urbanicity.

In Ghana, more than 77% of the population depends on biomass fuels for cooking. Previous studies show that solid fuel use (SFU) has adverse effects on pregnancy and child health outcomes. Yet, no previous study considered potential effects on early child development indicators (ECDI), nor how SFU effects may vary by gender, and rural and urban areas. We investigated the associations of SFU with ECDI measures, and whether these associations exhibited sex and urban/rural differences. We used the 2011–2012 Ghana’s Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys–UNICEF (N = 3326 children; 3–4 years). We derived a binary ECDI measure reflecting whether the child is developmentally on track or not from a caregiver-report of ten yes/no/do not know questions designed specifically to assess four domains of early child development: learning-cognition, literacy-numeracy, socio-emotional, and physical. We used multilevel Poisson regressions adjusting for neighborhood, household, mother, and child’s characteristics to estimate covariate-adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) of the associations between SFU and ECDI and its four dimensions. We run stratified analyses and used z-score tests of differences to evaluate effect modification by sex and urbanicity. Overall, 85% of children were exposed to SFU and 28% of children were not developmentally on track. After adjustment for confounders, children exposed to SFU were more likely to be not developmentally on track in comparison with nonexposed children (PR = 1.16; 95% confidence interval, [95% CI]: 1.10,1.22). These associations were stronger in girls (PR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.03,1.79) in comparison with boys (PR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.73,1.04). No difference in associations was observed between urban and rural children. Overall, these associations were mainly driven by the literacy-numeracy dimension. In this study, we show that SFU was associated with developmental delays in Ghanaian girls. Policy efforts which tackle SFU should be mindful of gender disparities in susceptibility to indoor pollution.
Neighborhood Disadvantage Is Associated with Depressive Symptoms but Not Depression Diagnosis in Older Adults.

Disadvantaged neighborhood environments may have low access to healthcare, perpetuating health disparities. Previous research has reported on associations between neighborhood disadvantage (ND) and depressive symptomology but not depression diagnoses, which may indicate access to healthcare. This study tested how ND relates to depressive symptomology and diagnosis to assess for neighborhood disparities in mental health care cross-sectionally. Data from 998 community-dwelling, Black and White individuals aged 65+ included in the University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging were analyzed. We obtained participants’ depressive symptomology from the Geriatric Depression Scale (n = 100) and a verified depression diagnosis from self-report and review of medication, physician-report, and/or hospital discharge summaries (n = 84). We assessed ND from US Census data, divided the sample into tertiles of ND and fit models with Generalized Estimating Equations covarying for various other variables (e.g., sex, race, physical performance, socioeconomic status, etc.). We found living in the high and mid-ND tertiles to be associated with depressive symptomology, yet ND had no significant relation to depression diagnosis. Therefore, older adults living in high and mid-disadvantaged neighborhoods may be more likely to experience depressive symptomology but not receive a diagnosis, indicating a possible disparity in mental health care.
Closing the Gap Between Modeling and Experiments in the Self-assembly of Biomolecules at Interfaces and in Solution

Molecular self-assembly is a powerful tool in materials design, wherein non-covalent interactions like electrostatic, hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals can be exploited to produce su...
Multimodal multiscale analysis reveals flexible DNA contacts of bacterial nucleoprotein filaments

Gene silencing in bacteria is mediated by chromatin proteins, of which Escherichia coli H-NS is a paradigmatic example. H-NS forms nucleoprotein filaments with either one or two DNA duplexes. However, the overall structures, arrangements of DNA-binding domains (DBDs), positions of DBD−DNA contacts, and determinants of genomic distribution for these linear and bridged filaments are uncertain. To connect H-NS structures that silence genes in vivo with features elucidated in vitro, we developed a multimodal, multiscale analysis that combines a new method for chromatin reconstitution and mapping (Nitro-seq), ChIP-seq, tethered-nuclease mapping of DBD−DNA contacts (TEN-map), ·OH footprinting, molecular dynamics, and bioinformatics. We find that DNA sequence principally governs H-NS-filament location with indistinguishable sequence specificity in bridged or linear forms with or without the H-NS modifiers StpA and Hha, and that DBD−DNA contacts vary in orientation and position with ~10-bp average spacing. Our results support a hemi-sequestration model of linear-to-bridged filament switching.
On the Le Cam distance between Poisson and Gaussian experiments and the asymptotic properties of Szasz estimators

Abstract In this paper, we prove a local limit theorem for the ratio of the Poisson distribution to the Gaussian distribution with the same mean and variance, using only elementary methods (Taylor expansions and Stirling's formula). We then apply the result to derive an upper bound on the Le Cam distance between Poisson and Gaussian experiments, which gives a complete proof of the sketch provided in the unpublished set of lecture notes by Pollard [41] , who uses a different approach. We also use the local limit theorem to derive the asymptotics of the variance for Bernstein c.d.f. and density estimators with Poisson weights on the positive half-line (also called Szasz estimators). The propagation of errors in the literature due to the incorrect estimate in Lemma 2 (iv) of Leblanc [32] is addressed in the Appendix.
Discordance in Appendicitis Grading and the Association with Outcomes: A Post-Hoc Analysis of an EAST Multicenter Study.

ABSTRACT Background The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) appendicitis severity grading criteria use independent subscales for radiologists (Rad), surgeons (Surg), and pathologists (Path). We reviewed the EAST Multicenter Study of the Treatment of Appendicitis in America: Acute, Perforated, and Gangrenous (MUSTANG) database to determine rates of discordance and clinical consequences of inaccuracy. Materials and Methods A confusion matrix was constructed for pairs among Rad, Surg, and Path. Accuracy was reported using chronologically latest diagnosis as gold standard. “Concordance” (C) was achieved when both agreed on the severity grade and “Discordance”(D) when they disagreed. A composite endpoint(“COMP”= 30-d incidence of surgical site infection, abscess, wound complication, Clavien-Dindo complication, secondary intervention, ED[Emergency Department] visit, hospital readmission, and mortality) was compared between C versus D groups via χ2 test with Bonferroni correction to define statistical significance(P = 0.05/9 = 0.005). Results For each pair and diagnosis, subjects were categorized as C or D and compared for the incidence of COMP. Incidence of COMP for Surg and/or Path in C versus D: 16% versus. 26% (p = 0.006, NS by Bonferroni) for acute (A), 39% versus 33% (p = 0.39) for gangrenous (G), and 48% versus 37% (p = 0.035, NS by Bonferroni) for perforated (P). For Rad and/or Path in C versus. D: 17% versus 42% (p Conclusions In appendicitis treated by appendectomy, surgeons are most accurate at diagnosing acute appendicitis and least accurate at diagnosing gangrenous. Radiologists are less accurate for all categories. When the surgeon is wrong, clinical outcomes are not significantly worse. However, when the radiologist is wrong about acute appendicitis, patients have worse clinical outcomes.
Interrogating critical fields in Spanish cultural studies

In 2010, the Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies, with Georgina Dopico as its editor, published a double issue “Cultural/Political Reflection: Lines, Routes, Spaces” to celebrate the tenth annivers...
Evaluating Mohammad Ismail Mahallati's Political thought based on Thomas A. Spragens theoretical framework

The main concern of this article is to explain political thought of Mohammad Ismail Mahallati within a conceptual and methodological approach and the application of the theory of constitutional government in the analysis of the interaction between religion and government. The main question of this article is how Mahallati finds the crisis of the political order in the Qajar period and what ideal prescription does he offer to get out of it? In this regard, the author by descriptive-analytical method, uses the theoretical framework of Thomas Spragens in the book “Understanding Political Theory “to explain the hypothesis of the article. The crisis of tyranny arising from the disregard for the necessities of the Shari'a forms the main hypothesis of the text, and in such historical circumstances the political thought of Mahallati has matured. Mahallati believes the ideal model is Imams government, so, due to a realistic view in the absence of Imams, the solution in anti-authoritarianism in building power is reforming the government based on reducing the authoritarian rule and establishing a constitutional government.
Robust detection of natural selection using a probabilistic model of tree imbalance

Abstract Neutrality tests such as Tajima’s D (Tajima, 1989) and Fay and Wu’s H (Fay and Wu, 2000) are standard implements in the population genetics toolbox. One of their most common uses is to scan the genome for signals of natural selection. However, it is well understood that deviance measures like D and H are confounded by other evolutionary forces—in particular, population expansion—that may be unrelated to selection. Because they are not model-based, it is not clear how to deconfound these statistics in a principled way. In this paper we derive new likelihood-based methods for detecting natural selection which are robust to confounding by fluctuations in effective population size. At the core of our method is a novel proba-bilistic model of tree imbalance, which generalizes Kingman’s coales-cent to allow certain aberrant tree topologies to arise more frequently than is expected under neutrality. We derive a frequency spectrum-based estimator which can be used in place of D, and also extend to the case where genealogies are first estimated. We benchmark our meth-ods on real and simulated data, and provide an open source software implementation.
Chromosomal microarray analysis, including constitutional and neoplastic disease applications, 2021 revision: a technical standard of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG)

Chromosomal microarray technologies, including array comparative genomic hybridization and single-nucleotide polymorphism array, are widely applied in the diagnostic evaluation for both constitutional and neoplastic disorders. In a constitutional setting, this technology is accepted as the first-tier test for the evaluation of chromosomal imbalances associated with intellectual disability, autism, and/or multiple congenital anomalies. Furthermore, chromosomal microarray analysis is recommended for patients undergoing invasive prenatal diagnosis with one or more major fetal structural abnormalities identified by ultrasonographic examination, and in the evaluation of intrauterine fetal demise or stillbirth when further cytogenetic analysis is desired. This technology also provides important genomic data in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of neoplastic disorders, including both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. To assist clinical laboratories in the validation of chromosomal microarray methodologies for constitutional and neoplastic applications, the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) Laboratory Quality Assurance Committee has developed these updated technical laboratory standards, which replace the ACMG technical standards and guidelines for microarray analysis in constitutional and neoplastic disorders previously published in 2013.
SDS-PAGE to Immunoblotting in 60 Minutes

A 60-minute method that includes protein separation on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), protein transfer to a nitrocellulose membrane, and immunoblotting is described here. Separation of the autoantigens La and Ro60 and molecular-weight markers on a 4–20% gradient gel was performed in about 10 minutes using heated (70–75 °C) normal Laemmli running buffer. Transfer of these proteins to the membrane was accomplished in 7 minutes using a semidry transfer method. Finally, immunoblotting of La and Ro60 autoantigens was carried out in 30 minutes. Thus, the complete process of electrophoresis, electrotransfer, and immunoblotting could be carried out in an hour.
Development of postural stability in children with autism spectrum disorder: a cross-sectional study

The purpose was to investigate the effects of age on postural stability for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Twenty-nine children with mild ASD were assigned into one of the three groups: 6-8 years (U8), 9-11 years (U11) and 12-14 years (U14). Participants stood barefoot with both feet on a force platform and maintained stationary for 15 seconds during eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. Center of pressure data were collected and variables were calculated, including displacements, total distances, sway areas, and sample entropy. The variables were compared among the three groups using a mixed-model ANOVA. The age group effect was significant for mediolateral center of pressure displacement (p = 0.04) and sway distance (p = 0.02). Post-hoc comparisons revealed that U8 exhibited greater mediolateral displacement and total distance compared to U14, regardless of test conditions. The U14 group exhibited improved mediolateral postural stability compared to U8, whereas no differences were found between U8 and U11 or between U11 and U14. This may suggest that children with ASD could slowly develop postural stability but only demonstrate significant changes over a long period of time. Early intervention programs aimed to improve complexity of postural control could be beneficial.
A gesture-free geometric approach for mid-air expression of design intent in 3D virtual pottery

The advent of depth cameras has enabled mid-air interactions for shape modeling with bare hands. Typically, these interactions employ a finite set of pre-defined hand gestures to allow users to specify modeling operations in virtual space. However, human interactions in real world shaping processes (such as pottery or sculpting) are complex, iterative, and continuous. In this paper, we show that the expression of user intent in shaping processes can be derived from the geometry of contact between the hand and the manipulated object. Specifically, we describe the design and evaluation of a geometric interaction technique for bare-hand mid-air virtual pottery. We model the shaping of a pot as a gradual and progressive convergence of the pot's profile to the shape of the user's hand represented as a point-cloud (PCL). Thus, a user does not need to learn, know, or remember any gestures to interact with our system. Our choice of pottery simplifies the geometric representation, allowing us to systematically study how users use their hands and fingers to express the intent of deformation during a shaping process. Our evaluations demonstrate that it is possible to enable users to express their intent for shape deformation without the need for a fixed set of gestures for clutching and deforming a shape. Display Omitted We introduce a geometric approach for mid-air virtual pottery design.A user can design virtual pots without the need to remember gestures.The shape of a pot gradually converges to the point-cloud of the user's hands.Applications are shown with two depth sensors, Leap Motion and SoftKinetic DepthSense.User evaluation demonstrates strengths and weaknesses of our approach.
Contrasting Professional Development and Continuing Education Opportunities for Library Professionals: Offerings Both within and Outside the Profession

By design or not, most librarians restrict their professional organization involvement to professional librarian organizations. Limiting professional involvement to only library related organizations will not provide the depth of professional knowledge that today’s librarian needs to have in order to keep up with the requirements of the profession. Library budgets and funding have been slashed due to economic downturns, and patrons are turning to libraries for assistance with a variety of concerns that libraries did not have to address in previous times. Reaching beyond the scope of the profession, librarians can broaden their knowledge base and use that broader knowledge base to benefit their patrons and communities.
Integrating systematic and local search paradigms: a new strategy for MaxSAT

Systematic search and local search paradigms for combinatorial problems are generally believed to have complementary strengths. Nevertheless, attempts to combine the power of the two paradigms have had limited success, due in part to the expensive information communication overhead involved. We propose a hybrid strategy based on shared memory, ideally suited for multi-core processor architectures. This method enables continuous information exchange between two solvers without slowing down either of the two. Such a hybrid search strategy is surprisingly effective, leading to substantially better quality solutions to many challenging Maximum Satisfiability (MaxSAT) instances than what the current best exact or heuristic methods yield, and it often achieves this within seconds. This hybrid approach is naturally best suited to MaxSAT instances for which proving unsatisfiability is already hard; otherwise the method falls back to pure local search.
The Differential Effects of the Development of Athletic Ability of a High Order

(1953). The Differential Effects of the Development of Athletic Ability of a High Order. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 218-222.
An alternate analysis of the current programmed model leads to simplified input filter design criteria (power convertors)

A corrected averaged model for current mode regulators is presented. The total loop gain is derived and analyzed for buck and boost converters. It is shown that analysis of the input filter's effect on the regulator is simplified when this overall loop gain is used. The criteria to be applied to the design of input filters with current-mode control are the same as those developed for direct duty ratio control. >
Injections of Algesic Solutions into Muscle Activate the Lateral Reticular Formation: A Nociceptive Relay of the Spinoreticulothalamic Tract.

Although musculoskeletal pain disorders are common clinically, the central processing of muscle pain is little understood. The present study reports on central neurons activated by injections of algesic solutions into the gastrocnemius muscle of the rat, and their subsequent localization by c-Fos immunohistochemistry in the spinal cord and brainstem. An injection (300μl) of an algesic solution (6% hypertonic saline, pH 4.0 acetate buffer, or 0.05% capsaicin) was made into the gastrocnemius muscle and the distribution of immunolabeled neurons compared to that obtained after control injections of phosphate buffered saline [pH 7.0]. Most labeled neurons in the spinal cord were found in laminae IV-V, VI, VII and X, comparing favorably with other studies, with fewer labeled neurons in laminae I and II. This finding is consistent with the diffuse pain perception due to noxious stimuli to muscles mediated by sensory fibers to deep spinal neurons as compared to more restricted pain localization during noxious stimuli to skin mediated by sensory fibers to superficial laminae. Numerous neurons were immunolabeled in the brainstem, predominantly in the lateral reticular formation (LRF). Labeled neurons were found bilaterally in the caudalmost ventrolateral medulla, where neurons responsive to noxious stimulation of cutaneous and visceral structures lie. Immunolabeled neurons in the LRF continued rostrally and dorsally along the intermediate reticular nucleus in the medulla, including the subnucleus reticularis dorsalis caudally and the parvicellular reticular nucleus more rostrally, and through the pons medial and lateral to the motor trigeminal nucleus, including the subcoerulear network. Immunolabeled neurons, many of them catecholaminergic, were found bilaterally in the nucleus tractus solitarii, the gracile nucleus, the A1 area, the CVLM and RVLM, the superior salivatory nucleus, the nucleus locus coeruleus, the A5 area, and the nucleus raphe magnus in the pons. The external lateral and superior lateral subnuclei of the parabrachial nuclear complex were consistently labeled in experimental data, but they also were labeled in many control cases. The internal lateral subnucleus of the parabrachial complex was labeled moderately. Few immunolabeled neurons were found in the medial reticular formation, however, but the rostroventromedial medulla was labeled consistently. These data are discussed in terms of an interoceptive, multisynaptic spinoreticulothalamic path, with its large receptive fields and role in the motivational-affective components of pain perceptions.