cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The After-Life of Indian Writing in English: Telematic Managers, Journalistic Mantras

In the previous chapter, I turned my attention from the Anglophone writings of the ideologues of Hindutva to a more recognizable form of Indian writing in English that offers a challenge, in my opinion, to the discourse of metropolitan Hindutva. In order to emphasize how such a challenge is particularly effective at the level of style, I read closely in the fifth chapter Amitav Ghosh's 1992 work In an Antique Land . In this, the final chapter of the book, I will examine how an emerging band of Anglophone Indian authors is claiming to have superseded writers of Ghosh's generation, who starting in the 1980s, are credited with having made Indian fiction in English an important commodity in the world market for postcolonial literatures. I will demonstrate, in particular, how it is precisely in the manner they distinguish themselves from an earlier generation of authors that these new Indo-Anglian scribes write themselves into the discourse of contemporary Hinduization, indeed even optimizing this discourse in its millennial version, for a digitally-enabled and globally-connected, young technocratic middle-class. It is not uncommon to hear it being said that the Indian novel in English is not part of popular culture on the subcontinent. Scholars have contended that it has always traveled in and through the corridors of a cosmopolitan (even colonial) elitism and that it has increasingly come to represent a psychology of assimilation into metropolitan languages, their cultures and the customary protocols of their writing and circulation. Such observations are true for both phases of Indian writing in English – the first, dating roughly to the 1930s and dominated by the grand trinity of Raja Rao (1908–2006), Mulk Raj Anand (1905–2004) and R. K. Narayan (1906–2001) – and the second, beginning, if one were to be somewhat schematic about the matter, with the publication of Midnight's Children in 1981. Evidence for the elitism of the Indian English novel is close at hand. R. K. Narayan, for instance, despite being the most widely read of the first group, is still at best a short extract in textbooks meant for select Indian high schools.
Phacochoerus aethiopicus (Warthog)

Karyotypes from bone marrow of 1.2 animals at Kruger Park, S.A. were kindly donated by Dr. C. Wallace, Anatomy Department, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. Banding studies have not yet been performed. Findings, including meiotic studies are in press by Wallace.
Sexual and nonsexual marital aggression: Legal considerations, epidemiology, and an integrated typology of perpetrators

Abstract In this paper, the legal history of marital rape and the current status of “marital rape allowances” to sexual assault statutes are reviewed. The prevalence of marital rape and its comorbidity with nonsexual violence, as well as the physical and psychological sequelae found to be specifically associated with sexual aggression in marriage is reviewed. Our current limited theoretical understanding of the relationship between sexual and nonsexual violence in marriage is extended by integrating marital rape and marital violence batterer typology research. Specifically, we offer a four-type batterer typology integration (i.e., family-only, dysphoric/borderline, generally violent/antisocial, and sexually obsessive batterers) that fully describe husbands that are only nonsexually violent, both physically and sexually violent, or only sexually violent. Theoretical and practical implications of this integration are identified. Future research directions are outlined, and the need for greater clinical attention to the phenomena of sexual violence in marriage is highlighted.
Glutathione-associated cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) metabolism and ATP-dependent efflux from leukemia cells : molecular characterization of glutathione-platinum complex and its biological significance

Abstract Accumulating evidence suggests a critical role of intracellular glutathione in tumor cell resistance to alkylating agents. The present study provides evidence for the direct interaction between cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) and glutathione (GSH) both in a cell-free system, as well as in L1210 murine leukemia cells. We have isolated the reaction product and identified it by a combination of high performance liquid chromatography and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Stoichiometric analysis showed a 2:1 molar ratio of GSH/cisplatin for the reaction. The molecular mass assessed by mass spectroscopy was 809 Da, corresponding to a GS-platinum chelate complex, bis-(glutathionato)-platinum. The GS-platinum complex was detected in L1210 leukemia cells incubated with 20 microM cisplatin. The intracellular content of the GS-platinum complex reached a maximal level after 12 h, corresponding to about 60% of the intracellular platinum content. Thus, formation of the GS-platinum complex is considered a significant part of the cellular metabolism of cisplatin. The GS-platinum was found to inhibit cell-free protein synthesis in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system using both chloramphenicol acetyltransferase mRNA and poly(A) mRNA from HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells (IC50 = 190 microM the GS-platinum complex). Elimination of the GS-platinum complex from tumor cells may represent an important mechanism which reduces the intracellular accumulation of the platinum complex. Using plasma membrane vesicles prepared from L1210 cells, the transport of the GS-platinum complex across the plasma membrane was found to be an ATP-dependent process (apparent Km values: 49 microM, ATP; 110 microM, GS-platinum complex). The ATP-dependent transport of the GS-platinum complex was inhibited by vanadate (IC50 = 35 microM) as well as by S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-glutathione, leukotriene C4, and GSSG, but not by doxorubicin, daunorubicin, or verapamil. The ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export pump, "GS-X pump" (Ishikawa, T. (1992) Trends Biochem. Sci. 17, 463-468), is suggested to play a role in the elimination of the GS-platinum complex from tumor cells.
Understanding and Extending Graphplan

We provide a reconstruction of Blum and Furst's Graphplan algorithm, and use the reconstruction to extend and improve the original algorithm in several ways. In our reconstruction, the process of growing the planning-graph and inferring mutex relations corresponds to doing forward state-space refinement over disjunctively represented plans. The backward search phase of Graphplan corresponds to solving a binary dynamic constraint satisfaction problem. Our reconstruction sheds light on the sources of strength of Graphplan. We also use the reconstruction to explain how Graphplan can be made goal-directed, how it can be extended to handle actions with conditional effects, and how backward state-space refinement can be generalized to apply to disjunctive plans. Finally, we discuss how the backward search phase of Graphplan can be improved by applying techniques from CSP literature, and by teasing apart planning and scheduling (resource allocation) phases in Graphplan.
Network topology inference with partial path information

Full knowledge of the routing topology of the Internet is useful for a multitude of network management tasks. However, the full topology is often not known and is instead estimated using topology inference algorithms. Many of these algorithms use Traceroute to probe paths in the network and then use the collected information to infer the topology. In practice routers may severely disrupt the operation of Traceroute and cause it to only provide partial information. We propose iTop, an algorithm for inferring the network topology when only partial information is available. iTop constructs a virtual topology, which overestimates the number of network components, and then repeatedly merges links in this topology to resolve it towards the structure of the true network. We perform extensive simulations to compare iTop to state of the art inference algorithms. Results show that iTop significantly outperforms previous approaches and its inferred topologies are within 5% of the original networks for all the considered metrics.
Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Magical Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Timothy D. Walker Year: 2005 Pages: 433 Publisher: Brill Academic Publishers ISBN: 9004143459 (hard cover). Prices: $199.00 USD(hard cover).
Reflective Writing/Reflective Practice: Promoting Engaged Learning and Student Confidence in the Beginning Ballet Class

ABSTRACT Reflective writing can be an effective means to learn more about how students approach learning, not just what they understand, but perhaps more important, what fallacies or misunderstandings exist that might be having a negative impact on their learning and self-image. This article addresses the incorporation of reflective writing assignments into a beginning-level ballet technique course at a large public university. Student writing informed the content and trajectory of teaching and learning within and outside of the dance studio, blurring the boundaries between transmissive (formal) and transitional (self-directed) learning pathways. An analysis of student writing portfolios demonstrates that reflective writing promotes engaged and coparticipatory learning, fosters a metacognitive approach to dance training, and spurs a positive shift in students' perceptions of themselves as dancers and learners. The writing assignments included in this article are readily transferable to higher levels of ba...
ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS | 2.7 Myr–300 000 Years Ago in Africa

The archaeological record of the African continent preserves the longest record of human behavior anywhere in the world. This article discusses behavioral evolution from the Oldowan through the Acheulean Industry. We review the implications for dietary, cultural, and anatomical changes over the course of 2.5 Myr. We focus particularly on inferences from technological adaptations that may affect the evolutionary history of our lineage.
Shaky Colonialism: The 1746 Earthquake‐Tsunami in Lima, Peru, and Its Long Aftermath – By Charles F. Walker

This is an important new contribution to the study of a particularly destructive and well‐remembered natural catastrophe that affected the colonial society of Lima and the port of Callao. The autho...
Constraints for Recognizing and Locating Curved 3D Objects from Monocular Image Features

This paper presents viewpoint-dependent constraints that relate image features such as t-junctions and inflections to the pose of curved 3D objects. These constraints can be used to recognize and locate object instances in the imperfect line-drawing obtained by edge detection from a single image. For objects modelled by implicit algebraic equations, the constraints equations are polynomial, and methods for solving these systems of constraints are briefly discussed. An example of pose recovery is presented.
High order forces and nonlocal operators in a Kohn–Sham Hamiltonian

Real space pseudopotentials have a number of advantages in solving for the electronic structure of materials. These advantages include ease of implementation, implementation on highly parallel systems, and great flexibility for describing partially periodic systems. One limitation of this approach, shared by other electronic structure methods, is the slow convergence of interatomic forces when compared to total energies. For real space methods, this requires a fine grid to converge a solution of the Kohn–Sham problem, which is accompanied by concurrent increase in memory and additional matrix-vector multiplications. Here we introduce a method to expedite the computation of interatomic forces by employing a high order integration technique. We demonstrate the usefulness of this technique by calculating accurate bond lengths and vibrational frequencies for molecules and nanocrystals without using fine real space grids.
A structural equation model of burnout and job exit among child protective services workers

Brett Drake , PhD, LCSW, is assistant professor ; and Gautam N. Tadama , PhD , is associate professor ; George Warren Brown School of Social Work , Washington University y Campus Box 1196 , One Brookings Drive , St. Louis , MO 63130. The authors ' work was supported by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Grant 90CW 1041/01. The involved ization, most available child demanding less welfare in in child worker the human field welfare and comfort, has difficult services. show long more more been vocational Social role depersonalamong ambiguworkers paths the most demanding and difficult vocational paths available in the human services. Social workers involved in child welfare show more depersonalzation, less worker comfort, ore r le mbiguity and conflict, and more value conflict than workers in family services agencies or community mental health settings (Jayaratne & Chess, 1984; Laird, 1985). Inadequate pay, difficult working conditions, lack of recognition, chronic stress, overwork, and other negative job characteristics have led to a continuing crisis in child welfare worker retention. Some authors (for example, Lee, 1979) have described burnout in child welfare as an inevitable occurrence that can only be postponed. Other authors have cited two-year turnover rates ranging from 46 percent to 90 percent (Harrison, 1980; Jayaratne & Chess, 1984; Jayaratne, Himle, & Chess, 1991; Shannon & Saleebey, 1980). This crisis is particularly serious given the complexity and breadth of skills required for effective child welfare practice. An adequate command of needed skills and competencies may take many months or years to develop (Lee, 1979), and the swift turnover in agencies means a relative lack of skills and competencies in a large percentage of the child welfare workforce. The rapid and continuing loss of experienced and committed child welfare workers must be reduced to ensure a workforce with the skills to perform extremely difficult and critical functions. In addition to its effects on turnover, burnout impairs practice by contributing to lower levels of commitment and impaired decision making (McGee, 1989).
African American Adolescents and Mental Health Care: A Metasynthesis

Problem African American adolescents access mental health services at lower rates than their Caucasian counterparts, thus resulting in a large disparity. The purpose of the study was to understand the experiences of African American adolescents in dealing with mental health conditions and what led to or hindered their access to mental health services. Methods A metasynthesis of six qualitative studies was conducted using the meta-ethnographic approach by Noblit and Hare. Findings Four reciprocal themes illuminating the experiences of African American adolescents with mental health issues were revealed: uncertainty and soul searching, strength of the inner circle, shame and reluctance, belief in the system. Each of the themes was explored in detail through the rich quotations of the adolescents. Conclusions The findings provided an insight and understanding into the process the adolescents went through before seeking help and may aid as a framework for designing interventions to better serve this vulnerable population.
The Shellfishers of St. Catherines Island: Hardscrabble Foragers or Farming Beachcombers?

ABSTRACTSt. Catherines Island (Georgia, USA) was separated from the mainland at about 3000 BC, creating massive estuarine tidal marshes, which aboriginal foragers began exploiting almost immediately. Correlative optimal foraging modeling and four decades of archaeological fieldwork demonstrate how this baseline shellfishing economy evolved and persisted, with some local impacts on estuarine resource patches, but no detectable changes in diet breadth over several millennia. The first St. Catherines islanders were likely tribal-level, egalitarian societies living in economically self-sufficient, virtually sedentary, and politically autonomous villages. They made the earliest pottery in North America. Shortly after AD 800, early Mississippian populations developed into chiefdoms characterized by ranked, inherited social hierarchies, ascribing social status and wealth at birth. This significant shift took place wholly in the context of their long-standing shellfishing economy. In the face of dramatically incr...
Aspergillus cholangitis: A late complication after Kasai portoenterostomy.

Ascending bacterial cholangitis can be a recurring complication in older children and adolescents who have undergone successful surgery for biliary atresia. The authors describe a 19-year-old girl with a history of recurrent late-onset, febrile cholangitis in whom persistent jaundice developed. Aspergillus terreus was isolated from her biliary fluid obtained at percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Despite prolonged external biliary drainage and systemic amphotericin B therapy, the fungus was not eliminated from her biliary system. Aspergillus cholangitis can occur in the portoenterostomy patient and may be highly resistant to conventional therapy.
A new approach to implementing spacecraft power system autonomy

Discussed in this paper are some of the problems associated with implementing microcomputer-based power system autonomy on spacecraft flight projects, as well as limitations derived from prior development programs. A new approach is given for developing the autonomy architecture, and an architecture concept, based on that approach, is described.
Electrode kinetics and the superconducting state

Etude de la resistivite d'une electrode en ceramique (supraconducteur haute temperature: 90 K) dans une solution aqueuse d'acide perchlorique
Tankyrase Loses Its Grip on SH3BP2 in Cherubism

Cherubism, a case of bone remodeling gone haywire, is associated with mutations in the adaptor protein SH3BP2. Two papers in this issue of Cell (Guettler et al. and Levaot et al.) demonstrate that these mutations disrupt the interaction between SH3BP2 and Tankyrase and describe rules for substrate recognition by this poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Establishing such rules paves the way to identifying all Tankyrase-regulated pathways in cells.
Double circular scanning in microwave holography

Rapid acquisition of microwave hologram data by means of double circular scsnning of a single sensor over the hologram recording aperture is considered in the context of real-time microwave holography. The properties of this scan format are obtained analytically and verified experimentally. Results of an optical bench simulation of sampled microwave holography employing the double circular scan are presented and their practical implications discussed.
Sleep Patterns and Risk of Injury Among Adolescent Farm Residents

Background Sleep patterns have been associated with decreased alertness among adolescents and to a limited extent, increased risk of injuries. The purpose of this study is to describe the relationship between sleep patterns and injury occurrence among adolescents aged 13 to 18 years living on farms in Colorado. Methods A cross-sectional survey of randomly selected Colorado farm residents aged 13 to 18 years was conducted between August 2003 and April 2004. A total of 262 youth completed the study. Information was obtained on injuries within the preceding year, sleep patterns, sleep hours, daytime sleepiness, and a number of social and demographic variables. Univariate analyses were done to describe relationships of study variables with injuries. Multivariate modeling was done to assess sleep patterns that were associated with injuries controlling for other variables. Results Sleep patterns associated with increased risk of injuries ( p am ; sleeping less than an average of 9.25 hours per night on weekends, and on school nights and weekends combined; and sleeping less than an average of 8.5 hours on weekends, and on school nights and weekends combined. Conclusions Sleep patterns were significantly associated with occurrence of injuries.
Disaster Recovery in Black and White A Comparison of New Orleans and Gulfport

This article investigates the role race and class play in the economic recovery after Hurricane Katrina. Comparing the economic recovery of the cities of New Orleans and Gulfport, as well as making comparisons at the state level, reveals distinct differences in the economic recovery of these places. Utilizing a panel analysis, this article analyzes the effect Federal Emergency Management Agency dollars had on the recovery of jobs and housing post-Katrina. Results show that in the areas of job recovery, money played little role in economic recovery even while controlling for the effects of race and class. These results inform the debate over recovery in economically depressed places and show the importance of connecting emergency and disaster planning, particularly the recovery stage, to economic development.
Mechanism of the oxidation of alcohols by oxoammonium cations.

The mechanism of the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols by the oxoammonium cation derived from 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) has been investigated computationally at the B3LYP/6-31+G* level, along with free energies of solvation, using a reaction field model. In basic solution, the reaction involves formation of a complex between the alkoxide anion and the oxoammonium cation in a pre-oxidation equilibrium wherein methoxide leads to a much larger formation constant than isopropoxide. The differences in free energy of activation for the rate-determining hydrogen transfer within the pre-oxidation complexes were small; the differences in complex formation constants lead to a larger rate of reaction for the primary alcohol, as is observed experimentally. In acidic solution, rate-determining hydrogen atom transfer from the alcohol to the oxoammonium cation had a large unfavorable free energy change and would proceed more slowly than is observed. A more likely path involves a hydride tran...
DIABETES AND THE HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM

Diabetes mellitus can lead to metabolic changes that alter normal hepatic and biliary function and structure. These alterations in hepatic and biliary function and structure are usually benign, but in certain situations lead to significant, disabling disease. This article reviews the hepatic and biliary complications of diabetes, with emphasis on epidemiology, diagnosis, and management, as well as the glucose intolerance seen in liver disease.
Principal component analysis and neural networks for detection of amino acid biosignatures

Abstract We examine the applicability of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods of data analysis to biosignature detection. These techniques show promise in classifying and simplifying the representation of patterns of amino acids resulting from biological and non-biological syntheses. PCA correctly identifies glycine and alanine as the amino acids contributing the most information to the task of discriminating biotic and abiotic samples. Trained ANNs correctly classify between 86.1 and 99.5% of a large set of amino acid samples as biotic or abiotic. These and similar techniques are important in the design of automated data analysis systems for robotic missions to distant planetary bodies. Both techniques are robust with respect to noisy and incomplete data. Analysis of the performance of PCA and ANNs also lends insight into the localization of useful information within a particular data set, a feature that may be exploited in the selection of experiments for efficient mission design.
Observability Analysis of Collaborative Opportunistic Navigation With Pseudorange Measurements

The observability analysis of a collaborative opportunistic navigation (COpNav) environment whose states may be partially known is considered. A COpNav environment can be thought of as a radio frequency (RF) signal landscape within which one or more RF receivers locate themselves in space and time by extracting and, possibly, sharing information from ambient signals of opportunity (SOPs). These receivers, whether vehicle mounted or integrated into handheld devices, exploit signal diversity to improve navigation and timing robustness compared with stand-alone Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers in deep urban, indoor, or, otherwise, GPS-hostile environments. Available SOPs may have a fully known, partially known, or unknown characterization. In this paper, the receivers are assumed to draw only pseudorange-type measurements from the SOPs. Separate observations are fused to produce an estimate of each receiver's position, velocity, and time (PVT). Since not all SOP states in the COpNav environment may be known a priori, the receivers must estimate the unknown SOP states of interest simultaneously with their own PVT. This paper establishes the minimal conditions under which a COpNav environment consisting of multiple receivers and multiple SOPs is completely observable. Moreover, in scenarios where the COpNav environment is unobservable, the unobservable directions in the state space are specified. Simulation and experimental results are presented to confirm the theoretical observability conditions.
Managerial Entrenchment with Strategic Information Technology: A Dynamic Perspective

Some economic and informational problems associated with organizational information technology (IT) spending may be attributed to managerial rent-seeking. Because of the unavoidable incompleteness of labor contracts, managers with misaligned incentives and budgetary discretion could entrench themselves through their non-value-maximizing adoption decisions. In order to boost their bargaining power in future contract renegotiation, they invest excessively in technologies they manage more effectively than their potential rivals. In addition, they tend to adopt technologies that can create large information asymmetries giving them significant knowledge advantage over their potential rivals ex post. We study the implications and effects of their rent-seeking behavior within the context of organizational IT adoption and management. The efficacies and the limitations of formal incentive contracting are discussed to underscore the need for additional governance mechanisms. While knowledge management may mitigate some of the agency problems associated with entrenchment, managerial self-policing issue remains a challenge. We further explore the incentive provision potential of relational labor contracts in combating entrenchment.
"Coo" Vocalizations in Stumptailed Macaques: a Controlled Functional Analysis

Coo vocalizations have been described in the communication systems of several macaque species. Their use has been suggested to reflect the emitter's "internal state", with regard to motivation for social contact. The idea that the production of Coos reflects a desire for contact has never been critically evaluated; the effectiveness of these signals in facilitating contact between the emitter and others has not been demonstrated. We designed a study to test the function of Coo vocalizations in adult stumptailed macaques (Macaca arctoides), using control measures similar to those first employed in research on reconciliation behavior in macaques (DE WAAL & YOSHIHARA, 1983). We found that the probability of an approach leading to friendly contact was significantly greater following a female's Coo vocalizations than it was during control trials. Analysis of the social context of the focal animal as it emits a Coo (its "initial state"), provides indirect evidence that Coos are "contact calls". We found that stumptails were significantly more likely to be alone than in contact with others when they emitted a Coo. Females were more likely to repeat their Coo vocalizations if they did not achieve friendly contact within 30 s. This result is in line with the view of Coo vocalizations as part of a feed-back loop with affiliative social contact as the goal state. Coos were produced by other adult females at a higher rate and with a shorter latency following the focal female's Coos than they were in control trials. Response vocalizations may affirm, to the "cooing" female, the presence and location of other troop members. On the basis of the non-vocal behavioral changes that these signals predict, Coos may be viewed as social tools, used to influence conspecifics, in addition to whatever their use may reflect regarding an emitter's "internal state". We suggest that the use of Coos to solicit approach may be a convention for the avoidance of aggression.
Regulated expression of cadherin-11 in human epithelial cells: A role for cadherin-11 in trophoblast-endometrium interactions?

Cadherin-11 is a novel member of the cadherin supergene family. Cadherin-11 expression is localized to mesenchymal tissue and specific regions of the neural tube during mouse embryogenesis. Here we report that cadherin-11 is spatiotemporally expressed in the epithelial cells of the human placenta. Cadherin-11 mRNA levels were low in freshly isolated cytotrophoblast cells but increased as the cytotrophoblast cells aggregated and fused to form syncytiotrophoblast cells in vitro. The increase in cadherin-11 mRNA levels was concomitant with a decrease in E-cadherin expression. Cadherin-11 was localized to the syncytial trophoblast and extravillous cytotrophoblasts, but not the villous cytotrophoblasts of the human placenta by immunohistochemistry. As both of the former cell types have intimate interactions with the endometrium, we examined cadherin-11 expression in the human endometrium. Cadherin-11 was detected in the glandular and surface epithelium of the endometrium at all stages of the menstrual cycle. However, cadherin-11 was abundant only in the stroma in the late secretory stage of the menstrual cycle. The accumulation of cadherin-11 in the stroma correlated with decidualization. Taken together, our observations demonstrate that cadherin-11 is expressed in certain epithelial cell lineages and suggest the possibility that cadherin-11 plays an important role in mediating trophoblast-endometrium interactions. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Integral surfaces with space-time coordinates, in the gravitational field of a rotating system

A new integration theory is formulated for dynamical systems with two degrees of freedom, in the gravitational field of a rotating system. Four integrals of motion may be determined from complete solutions of a system of three first-order, partial differential equations in three independent variables. The solutions of this system define two integral surfaces with space-time coordinates. These surfaces represent two independent solutions of a second-order kinematic system to which the original fourth-order system has been reduced. An integral curve may be represented as the locus of intersection points of the integral surfaces. The new theory is the theoretical basis for a method of analytic continuation of periodic orbits of the circular restricted problem.
Introductory digital design & computer architecture curriculum

This paper has described the philosophy and content of a textbook on Digital Design and Computer Architecture. The text fills a niche in programs that appreciate the elegance of Patterson & Hennessy's Computer Organization and Design but wish to integrate digital logic with architecture in a single course or cohesive sequence.
On the polynomial τ-functions for the KP hierarchy and the bispectral property

We show that the τ-functions obtained from Schur polynomials lead to wave functions w(x 1, x 2, ... ; k) that possess the following bispectral property: There exists a differential operator B{k,∂k}, independent of x 1 , such that B{k,∂k}w = Θ {x 1}w, where {x 1} is independent of k. This extends for the KP hierarchy some earlier results of J. J. Duistermaat and F. A. Grunbaum for the rational solutions of KdV and of P. Wright for certain rational solutions of the generalized KdV equations.
Mechanical Properties of Spontaneously and Artificially Ruptured Human Amnion

The chorioamnion (CA) is the sac that surrounds the fetus in utero. It is comprised of two layers: the inner fibrous amnion, mainly composed of collagen and the thick cellular chorion1. CA is an exceptionally tough material, yet is the only material in the human body that is designed to mechanically fail2. Past studies have focused on the events associated with rupture such as the puncture force3,4,5,6,7, delamination stress8,9, elastic stiffness10,11, failure energy7,10,12, and failure force10,11. However, few have investigated pre-failure behavior4,13 to understand contributions to different modes of CA rupture.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Caught in the Act of Greatness: Jane Austen's Characterization of Elizabeth and Darcy by Sentence Structure in PRIDE AND PREJUDICE

Jane Austen is one of the most widely read and most praised authors of English literature. She published only six full-length novels in her lifetime, but she is acclaimed for the unmatched wit, rea...
Adapting Human Leadership Approaches for Role Allocation in Human-Robot Navigation Scenarios

In this paper, we propose to examine the practices of leadership defined in human relationships and model their use in maximizing performance for human-robot interaction scenarios. This process involves first defining the human-robot space of interaction and mapping the situational context in which human leadership styles are most fitting. We then determine which behavior, for both the human and robot, is most appropriate in order to understand the proper roles for human-robot integration. From there, we model the necessary robot behavior for increasing efficiency in human-robot interaction schemes. We conclude by discussing experimental results derived from allocating roles in representative human-robot navigation scenarios.
Multi-Item Scheduling by Benders' Decomposition

Scheduling the production of several items requires the determination of production quantities in different periods in the presence of resource constraints. Several approximate and heuristic algorithms have been proposed to solve this problem. However, no method for finding an optimal solution has as yet been developed. It is shown that the problem may be solved advantageously using Benders' decomposition. The subproblem in Benders' decomposition is shown to be a transportation problem, and some strategies for solving the master problem are indicated. The paper concludes with a sample problem demonstrating the application of the method.
Effect of field limestone applications on cadmium content of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) leaves and kernels

Nonoilseed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is naturally higher in cadmium (Cd) than many other grain crops. Because raising soil pH usually depresses Cd uptake by most species, a study was designed to determine if application of agricultural limestone to neutralize soil acidity would decrease Cd uptake by sunflower plants grown on different soils in the production area of North Dakota. The field experiments were conducted at 3 locations in 1991 and 2 locations in 1992. At each site, limestone was applied to bring soil pH to 6.5–7.0, or an additional 45 Mg ha-1 more limestone was applied, and these two treatments were compared to no-lime control. Commercial nonoilseed hybrid 954 was planted in these experiments. The rapid short-term lime-soil reaction occurred in first 12 weeks following limestone application. Mean kernel Cd concentration for each treatment varied from 0.35 to 1.45 mg kg-1 DW in the first year of the experiments, and from 0.37 to 1.23 mg kg-1 DW in the experiments of 1992 across all locations. Large variations in kernel Cd levels between locations were obtained. There were no significant differences among control and limestone treatments for kernel Cd, seedling leaf Cd and diagnostic leaf Cd within each location, respectively. In regression analysis, we found that kernel Cd level correlated with diagnostic leaf Cd concentration in each treatment, but poor correlations were obtained among other variables. These results indicated that limestone application did not reduce Cd uptake and transfer to kernels of sunflower, in contrast with most species studied.
A Convergent Approach to Coenzyme Q

Syntheses of coenzyme Q3-8 are described, as well as related systems such as plastoquinone-5. Preparation of the higher homologues of the ubiquinones relies on two new conjunctive reagents, or “linchpins”, each of which ultimately corresponds to two or three prenyl units. These allow for attachment of a polyprenyl halide at one end, followed by a Ni(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling at the other terminus with a chloromethylated p-quinone.
Disposable sensors: technical and operational challenges facing military employment

Advances in technologies are providing opportunities to increase situational awareness in military operations. One application of these technologies is small disposable sensor systems that have the potential to enhance the war-fighter's lethality and survivability. Considering that the sensors must be disposable, cost constraints increase the complexity of solving the technical and operational challenges. This paper will address two areas of consideration when designing disposable sensor systems: technical and operational. Technical design considerations: Sensor communication networks are a hot area of development, with a multitude of standards and protocols to choose from. Miniaturization is providing a multitude of sensor modalities that can be considered for a disposable sensor. Decisions must be made between factors such as cost, size, and power requirements. Power management through hardware and software, coupled with more efficient batteries, is giving extended life to sensor systems. Environmental issues must be addressed in a disposable system. Operational design considerations: For systems monitored and managed directly by soldiers, one of the most important elements is the user interface, and its affect on overall system ease-of-use. System usefulness is also affected by the capability to autonomously monitor the area where sensors are deployed without a soldier present. The packaging of sensors will be affected by the current state of technology integrated into the sensors, as well as requirements for emplacement. These emplacement requirements and constraints will impact the operational effectiveness of the overall system.
Separation of effects of cardiovascular disease and age on ventricular function with maximal exercise

Abstract To distinguish between the responses to maximal exercise caused by cardiovascular disease and those-caused by aging, the percent deviation of observed values of maximal pressure-rate products and maximal heart rates from age-predicted values in healthy subjects were derived for 2,094 healthy middle-aged men and eight subgroups of 2,291 ambulatory male patients. Highly significant differences in left ventricular impairment and heart rate impairment were obtained. When left ventricular impairment is subtracted from functional aerobic impairment derived by nomogram from duration of multistage exercise using the Bruce protocol, the residual difference represents the peripheral circulatory impairment. Peripheral circulatory impairment was significantly increased in hypertensive patients and in patients with the combination of cardiac disease, angina pectorls and increased blood pressure. The significance of these findings is that impairment of circulatory delivery of oxygen can now be partitioned into left ventricular and peripheral components. The left ventricular component comprises the heart rate and a noninvasive measurement of systolic pressure at maximal exercise, where each is related to age-adjusted normal values.
The importance of distant metastases in hormone-sensitive breast cancer.

Summary Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Survival from breast cancer is improving, but distant metastases remain the most common type of breast cancer recurrence, resulting in more than 40,000 deaths per year in the USA alone. Distant metastases are associated with the poorest outcomes when compared with loco-regional or contralateral recurrences and are also associated with greater health care costs and diminished quality of life. The risk of distant metastases increases with larger primary tumor size, lymph nodepositive cancer, higher tumor grade, and prior loco-regional recurrence. Yet, even patients with minimal risk factors may develop distant metastases. Thus, reducing the development of such relapses is an important goal in adjuvant therapy. As the development of distant metastases has been consistently associated with eventual mortality from breast cancer, a reduction in distant metastases may serve as a better surrogate marker for overall survival and provide earlier results from clinical trials testing new types of adjuvant therapy. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Ethics and Praxis of Mehr and Mithras and the Social Institution of the ʿayyārs in the Epic Romance of Samak-e ʿayyār

AbstractGiving a very brief and introductory summary of the many avatars of the Iranian god, Mithra, throughout Eurasia, as well as the primordial functions of the god, this article proceeds to discuss the Iranian Mithraic world-view, as seen in the ethics and practices of the “chivalrous” brotherhoods and sisterhoods of the ʿayyārs. Through a preliminary examination of the Parthian epic romance of Samak-e ʿayyār, we shall argue here that this literary epic provides us with a fascinating template for decoding not only; 1) the ethics, “ideal” social mores and praxes and the ideological super-structures of the “chivalrous” brotherhood, or ‘ayyars, of Iran, but also; 2) what was in effect the ethics of Mithraic brotherhoods and sisterhoods of the Iranian world.
Social-Relational Wisdom: Developmental Diversity in Children’s Written Narratives About Social Conflict

Research has focused on perspective-coordination as a central mechanism and achievement of social development. Theorists have raised questions about whether and how cultural, social, and personal experiences affect such a process. Children from historically discriminated backgrounds, for example, have reasons to be especially knowledgeable about the perspectives of others, but whether and how such knowledge complicates normative developmental patterns requires further inquiry. This paper describes “narrative social wisdom,” extending cognitive-developmental notions of perspective-coordination with a discourse analysis of 224 autobiographical and fictional narratives about social conflict by 56 children identifying as African American (15), Latino (16), and White (25) in 3rd and 5th grades in urban schools. Analyses illustrate social wisdom in children’s context-sensitive representations of conflicts, in particular, via dramatic within- and across-group differences in representations of conflict resolution processes. Notable contrasts include the greater complexity of conflict strategies in autobiographical narratives by African American children compared to relatively elaborated conflict strategies in fictional narratives by White children. These and other results illustrate how children juggle resources from sociocultural histories with requirements of mainstream institutions. Conflict representations in fictional narratives were, moreover, consistent with cognitive developmental theory, but, as predicted, autobiographical narratives captured diversities that alter developmental patterns. We discuss the relevance of these results for theory and practice around social relational development and skills.
Lack of association of HLA class II alleles with peanut allergy.

Background Peanut allergy is a common and severe phenotype of food allergy with a strong genetic component; HLA class II polymorphisms are attractive candidate genes for this disorder. Objective To determine possible genotypic associations of HLA class II with peanut allergy and attempt replication of previously reported associations. Methods Sibling pairs discordant for peanut allergy were genotyped (low resolution) by polymerase chain reaction-based methods to 7 DQ and 18 DR allele groups. A χ 2 analysis was undertaken against sibling controls with statistical adjustment for multiple analyses. Results Seventy-three children with confirmed peanut allergy (mean age, 6.5 years; male, 72%; asthma, 58%; atopic dermatitis, 62%; allergic rhinitis, 67%; other food allergies, 41%) and 75 of their siblings who eat peanut (mean age, 8 years; male, 52%; asthma, 12%; atopic dermatitis, 22%; allergic rhinitis, 37%; other food allergy, 7%) were genotyped. Distribution of DQ7 (29% of children with peanut allergy vs 47% sibling controls) was statistically significantly different ( P = .04) before statistical correction for multiple comparisons was made by multiplying them by the number of alleles tested (and not statistically significant after correction; P = .30). Distribution of DR11 was nearly statistically significant without statistical adjustment (26% with peanut allergy vs 41% of sibling controls; P = .07; corrected P = 1.3). Alleles that were previously reported to have a weak association with peanut allergy ( DRB1*03, *08; DQB1*0302, *04 ) were not verified in this cohort (unadjusted P > .44). Conclusions We could not establish an association between the HLA class II alleles evaluated in this cohort of sibling pairs discordant for peanut allergy.
Human NK cells can lyse porcine endothelial cells independent of their expression of Galalpha(1,3)-Gal and killing is enhanced by activation of either effector or target cells.

BACKGROUND Xenotransplantation of pig organs may provide an approach to alleviate the severe shortage of human organs. Natural antibodies against Galalpha(1,3)-Gal (alphaGal) epitopes cause hyperacute rejection of pig organs in primates. However, evidence for the role of alphaGal in the natural killer (NK) cell-mediated xenoresponse has been contradictory. METHODS We investigated the recognition of alphaGal by human NK cells using endo-beta-galactosidase C, an enzyme that cleaves alphaGal, and endothelial cells (EC) from alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase null pigs that do not synthesize alphaGal. Endo-beta-galactosidase C treatment variably reduced the susceptibility of porcine EC to lysis by fresh human NK cells. RESULTS Removal of alphaGal from porcine EC using endo-beta-galactosidase C, produced variable results, i.e. cytotoxicity was decreased in half of the human NK cell donors tested. The two EC strains from alphaGal-/- pigs were marginally, and not significantly, less susceptible to lysis by naive human NK cells compared with alphaGal-expressing cells obtained from animals from the same herd, but these differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.10). Treatment of porcine EC with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, which is known to activate porcine EC, enhanced the susceptibility of all target cells to lysis by fresh human NK cells. Surface expression of MHC or adhesion molecules on alphaGal-/- cells, compared with wild type cells, showed no consistent difference in either MHC or adhesion molecules CD106 (VCAM-1), CD31 (PECAM) or CD62E (E-selectin), either with or without TNF-alpha stimulation, that could explain the differential susceptibility to lysis. Strikingly, all alphaGal-/- and wild type EC exhibited similar susceptibility to human NK cells that had been cultured for 5 days with or without interleukin-2. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that human NK cells can kill porcine targets in the absence of alphaGal, and donor variability plays a major role in whether alphaGal has a role in determining susceptibility of porcine EC to lysis. Moreover, susceptibility to lysis of alphaGal null EC is enhanced to the level of wild type EC by activation of either effector or target cells. Elimination of alphaGal alone from source pigs will be insufficient to circumvent the NK cell mediated destruction of porcine EC.
A Computer Aided Workstation Assessor for Crew Operations - Wostas:

WOSTAS is the first module in a Multi-Man-Machine Work Area Design and Evaluation System - MAWADES. WOSTAS is an interactive program aimed at grouping and/or subdividing crew activities in such a way that all job stations have a fairly equal amount of work in terms of the time to perform the tasks. Being a network based model, WOSTAS accepts mission oriented task requirements, and generates suggested total number of workstations and the tasks to be carried out at each station.