cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Localized removal affects white‐tailed deer space use and contacts

Transmission and impact of infectious diseases can be altered if host social structure is disrupted by disease outbreaks or lethal management. Specifically, if remnants of depopulated groups join or increase contact with neighboring groups, between-group transmission may increase even as population density decreases. We tested whether this phenomenon could apply to diseases of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) by using a before-after-control-impact design. We monitored space use and contacts among adult female and juvenile deer in southern Illinois during 2011–2014; midway through each study season, we removed all members except 1 collared deer from centrally located groups and left control groups intact. After group removal, remnant adult females shortened duration of contacts with neighboring groups, whereas remnant juveniles responded with greater shifts in space use and appeared to join neighboring groups. Together, our study points to potential age-specific responses of deer to social disruption, with evidence that juveniles respond in ways that could shift disease transmission dynamics toward frequency dependence. These findings highlight the need for focused research into the importance of social disruption in disease dynamics, and lend support for complete group removal (if possible) when culling for disease management. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Derivation of Dopaminergic Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Defined System and/or Small Molecules

The ability of pluripotent stem cells (PSC), such as embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, to assume the identity of any other cell type makes them a reliable way to derive cells for disease modeling and cell therapy. Reprogramming patient somatic cells into neurons and other therapeutically relevant cell types offers new strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, like Parkinson’s disease. The lineage-specific differentiation of PSCs to produce a large quantity of healthy and/or genetically engineered neurons is the ultimate goal of stem cell therapy for patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we describe two established protocols for the efficient derivation of dopaminergic neurons from PSCs using defined media and/or small molecules. Dopaminergic neurons can be efficiently generated using either of these protocols on a large scale.
Demonstration of reusing electric vehicle battery for solar energy storage and demand side management

Abstract This paper demonstrated reusing electric vehicle traction lithium ion batteries for solar energy time shifting and demand side management in a single family house. Batteries retired from electric vehicle usage retain 70% to 80% of their capacity and can be re-purposed as stationary storage system at reduced cost. However, they have mismatched aging conditions and unbalanced state-of-charge levels. Under typical series-parallel connection, the cells in a pack are prone to over charging or discharging due to deviated cycling conditions and misestimated states. The demonstrated battery management system included an extended Kalman filter based states estimator, enhanced current shunting, and protective circuitry to ensure system safety. One novel contribution was the introduction of a worst-difference state-of-charge estimation scheme for the battery pack, which places more computational resources on the battery cell of the worst health. The scheme provided satisfactory overall estimation accuracy and offered a method to optimize computational cost when large number of battery cells was integrated. In addition, a function was proposed to indicate the overall states of the entire energy storage system by aggregating the states of the battery cells within. Therefore, the energy management unit was able to dispatch the battery assembly as a unified pack. Three decision-table-based control strategies were demonstrated with objectives to maximize economic benefits, minimize grid energy consumption, or a balance of both. The data obtained from the demonstrating system located in Davis, CA showed that the battery energy storage system was able to successfully mitigate solar intermittency and energy demand fluctuation by charging from excess solar energy and discharging during the period of peak demand. It reduced daily grid energy consumption by 64%–100% and significantly improved solar penetration.
Low-frequency noise in Terahertz plasmonic Field Effect Transistors

We discuss the thermal noise and the effect of input noise sources on the output noise of plasmonic Field Effect Transistors operating in a quasi-ballistic regime. The input noise strongly affects the output noise at large signals and when the detectors operate near the threshold, where the highest responsivity is reached. In the detection regime with a finite drain current, 1/f noise becomes dominant at low noise frequencies, and similar mechanisms determine the contribution of the input noise to the output noise. The effect of the input noise in the plasmonic THz detectors on their output noise analyzed based on the numerical solution of the hydrodynamic equations is in qualitative agreement with the analytical model but reveals the importance of plasmonic ringing even in the devices with the extracted mobilities of 3500 cm2/Vs with the gate length of 130 nm. These results are important for designing plasmonic sensors using the frequency dependencies of the low frequency output noise for identifying different gas and liquid substances.
Posterior distributions are computable from predictive distributions

As we devise more complicated prior distributions, will inference algorithms keep up? We highlight a negative result in computable probability theory by Ackerman, Freer, and Roy (2010) that shows that there exist computable priors with noncomputable posteriors. In addition to providing a brief survey of computable probability theory geared towards the A.I. and statistics community, we give a new result characterizing when conditioning is computable in the setting of exchangeable sequences, and provide a computational perspective on work by Orbanz (2010) on conjugate nonparametric models. In particular, using a computable extension of de Finetti's theorem (Freer and Roy 2009), we describe how to transform a posterior predictive rule for generating an exchangeable sequence into an algorithm for computing the posterior distribution of the directing random measure. Copyright 2010 by the authors.
Predictors of Failure of Primary Surgery

• Surgical success should be defined as significant symptom improvement or resolution, in addition to improvement of mucosal inflammation and sinus obstruction.
Immunity and Tolerance in Amphibia

This section of the symposium will treat immunity and tolerance in Amphibia presenting adult information in all three orders and in larvae where available. The data will be presented as a review of immunity to transplantation antigens, as information pertaining to antibody and immunoglobulin synthesis, and as lymphomyeloid organ control of immunity. This paper is not intended to be an exhaustive account of the subject which would list every known reference, but where feasible pertinent comprehensive reviews are presented. Lastly the information will be considered in light of cancerogenesis.
Designing applied cryptology laboratory modules with free and open source software

For today's computer professionals, secure data storage and secure data communications are vital competencies. In the current Internet aware environment, effective security necessitates the application of cryptology. Daily, modern businesses rely on cryptographic services such as authentication, non-repudiation, integrity, and confidentiality, to secure their information. Creating relevant applied cryptology laboratory modules can be a challenge. One interesting challenge is the choice of laboratory software. By design, most commercial cryptology software shields the user from operational details. Consequently, most commercial software does not lend itself well to laboratory activities. Fortunately, there are Open Source Cryptographic Toolkits that have worked well in our lab environment. This paper presents the author's experience with the development and evolution of applied cryptography laboratory modules. These laboratory modules utilize Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) exclusively.
Potential Adverse Events Following Immunization

This section addresses the numerous potential adverse events following immunization that have been studied to determine if an association exists with routine immunization in the United States.
Don’t worry i’ll do good tomorrow. How procrastination can affect ethical decision-making

The primary goal of this paper is to show that the phenomenon of procrastination, defined as a voluntary, irrational delay of an intended form of action, can exist in the ethical domain in organiza...
Solid-state infrared-to-visible upconversion for sub-bandgap sensitization of photovoltaics

By harvesting sub-bandgap photons, we have a path to overcome the Shockley-Queisser limit in photovoltaics (PVs). We investigate semiconductor nanocrystal (NC) sensitized upconversion via triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) in organic semiconductors (OSCs). Since this process relies on optically inactive triplet states in the OSCs, we utilize PbS NCs to directly sensitize the triplet state via energy transfer. This is possible due to the strong spin-orbit coupling in PbS NCs, resulting in rapid spin-dephasing of the exciton. Current technology allows for upconversion of light with a photon energy above $\sim 1.1$ eV. However, while internal efficiencies are rapidly improving, the low external device efficiencies render them impractical for applications, as devices are based on a single monolayer of NCs. Our results show simply increasing the PbS NC film thickness does not show improvement in the efficiency due to poor exciton transport between PbS NCs. Here, we present a new strategy to increase the external upconversion efficiency by utilizing thin tinbased halide perovskites as the absorbing layer. Resonant energy transfer from the perovskite to the PbS NCs allows for subsequent sensitization of the triplet state in rubrene.
Filtered statistics

Column statistics are an important element of cardinality estimation frameworks. More accurate estimates allow the optimizer of a RDBMS to generate better plans and improve the overall system's efficiency. This paper introduces filtered statistics, which model value distribution over a set of rows restricted by a predicate. This feature, available in Microsoft SQL Server, can be used to handle column correlation, as well as focus on interesting data ranges. In particular, it fits well for scenarios with logical subtables, like flexible schema or multi-tenant applications. Integration with the existing cardinality estimation infrastructure is presented.
WHEN ORGANIZATIONS MATTER: Threatening Demographics, Supportive Politics, and Immigration Lawmaking1

Increasingly, scholars have argued that immigration politics are inseparable from racial politics, which implies that organizations and individuals who mobilize around racial group interests influence racial and immigration attitudes and behaviors. How does the racial-political context influence anti-immigration lawmaking? In what ways does this influence vary at different stages of lawmaking? To address these questions, we combine comprehensive datasets of racially conservative organizations and state immigrant legislation and use negative binomial regression to estimate the count of anti-immigrant bills and laws in the fifty states from 1991 to 2010. We find that the presence of racially conservative organizations encourages the introduction of exclusionary proposals, but only in contexts with a Republican-dominated government. At the approval stage, on the other hand, racially conservative organizations foster the passage of exclusionary laws, and this effect is heightened in contexts with a growing foreign-born population or where a majority of voters report anti-immigrant opinions or identify as conservative. This indicates that the institutionalization of the colorblind racial ideology (in the form of racially conservative organizations) resonates with lawmakers, but in a different manner when the stakes are higher. These findings have important implications and challenge previous research on the conditions under which advocacy organizations influence lawmaking and additional forms of group behavior.
How Much Isolation Is Enough for Allografts

Since the beginning of allogeneic transplant procedures, isolation precautions have been used in an effort to prevent infectious complications. However, the medical benefit has been increasingly questioned and, given the substantial costs associated with each measure, practices have been subject to institutional variability. Recent examples from our own institution range from determining the needs for and planning the construction of a new clinical facility, to halting the spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), understanding the source of a parainfluenza outbreak, and analyzing the potential for delays in response time to acute emergencies while putting on contact isolation materials (gowns, masks, gloves, etc.). Standards for isolation may be subject to change when managing infection outbreaks or with new construction, and may be influenced by the changing financial pressures of the institution.
Incorporating Elements of Green and Sustainable Chemistry in General Chemistry via Systems Thinking

Abstract Ideas related to green and sustainable chemistry are important components for helping students connect chemistry knowledge they acquire to larger understandings of the world. Given the importance of general chemistry in the college level curriculum of many science majors, the ability to add concepts related to sustainability represents an important opportunity for educators. This goal must be accomplished, however, while bearing in mind that foundational knowledge about chemistry remains the core responsibility of the general chemistry course. By finding aspects of the traditional chemistry content curriculum that connect to earth and societal sustainability issues via the concept of planetary boundaries, general chemistry can achieve both goals: students can gain required core understanding and simultaneously improve their ability to connect those foundational concepts to larger sustainability issues. Examples of how this teaching strategy can be implemented and assessed are reported.
Characterization of Hemodynamic Signal by Learning Multi-View Relationships

Multi-view data are increasingly prevalent in practice. It is often relevant to analyze the relationships between pairs of views by multi-view component analysis techniques such as Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA). However, data may easily exhibit nonlinear relations, which CCA cannot reveal. We aim to investigate the usefulness of nonlinear multi-view relations to characterize multi-view data in an explainable manner. To address this challenge, we propose a method to characterize globally nonlinear multi-view relationships as a mixture of linear relationships. A clustering method, it identifies partitions of observations that exhibit the same relationships and learns those relationships simultaneously. It defines cluster variables by multi-view rather than spatial relationships, unlike almost all other clustering methods. Furthermore, we introduce a supervised classification method that builds on our clustering method by employing multi-view relationships as discriminative factors. The value of these methods resides in their capability to find useful structure in the data that single-view or current multi-view methods may struggle to find. We demonstrate the potential utility of the proposed approach using an application in clinical informatics to detect and characterize slow bleeding in patients whose central venous pressure (CVP) is monitored at the bedside. Presently, CVP is considered an insensitive measure of a subject's intravascular volume status or its change. However, we reason that features of CVP during inspiration and expiration should be informative in early identification of emerging changes of patient status. We empirically show how the proposed method can help discover and analyze multiple-to-multiple correlations, which could be nonlinear or vary throughout the population, by finding explainable structure of operational interest to practitioners.
Background-free optical coherence tomography imaging with gold-seeded growth on magnetically responsive nanorods (Conference Presentation)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows for imaging of fine structures below the surface of tissue based on inherent contrast from heterogeneity of optical refractive index. A contrast agent may be used when intrinsic contrast of a target in the sample is not enough. We synthesize magnetically-responsive nanorods whose reflectivity can be modulated by the orientation of a magnetic field and demonstrate their use in background-free OCT imaging. Because normal tissue does not respond to switching magnetic field, the signal from nanorods can be isolated from tissue.
A survery on clustering outbreak of influenza b in a rural primary school in Gaozhou

Objective To analyze the causes and infection sources of a clustering outbreak of influenza b in a rural primary school in Gaozhou in 2012,and to provide scientific support for the prevention and control of this flu.Methods Epidemiological analysis was conducted by using flu case questionnaires,findings of laboratory test,and hygiene data.Results The clustering outbreak began in February 18,2012,with unknown infection sources for first cases,and the last case occurred in February 21.Of 263 people with exposure to infection,9 developed flu,with a attack rate of 3.4％,no death occurred.The age distributed in the age group of 13 to 14,without gender differences.Because the first patient was resident student,the attack rate for the resident students was much higher than that for non-resident students.6 of 9 patients were positive for nucleic acid detection in flu virus.Conclusions It was a clustering outbreak of hepatitis b influenza and the transmission way was airborne.Early detection,reports,isolation,and vaccination of flu vaccine are the key measures to control influenza outbreak. Key words: Influenza b; Clustering; Investigation and analysis
Non-reversible Markov chain Monte Carlo for sampling of districting maps

Evaluating the degree of partisan districting (Gerrymandering) in a statistical framework typically requires an ensemble of districting plans which are drawn from a prescribed probability distribution that adheres to a realistic and non-partisan criteria. In this article we introduce novel non-reversible Markov chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) methods for the sampling of such districting plans which have improved mixing properties in comparison to previously used (reversible) MCMC algorithms. In doing so we extend the current framework for construction of non-reversible Markov chains on discrete sampling spaces by considering a generalization of skew detailed balance. We provide a detailed description of the proposed algorithms and evaluate their performance in numerical experiments.
Subaortic Membranes in Patients With Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia and Liver Vascular Malformations

Background Patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia have liver vascular malformations that can cause high‐output cardiac failure (HOCF). Known sequelae include pulmonary hypertension, tr...
How Much More Data Do We Need? Making the Case for Investing in Our Children

* Abbreviations: ACE — : adverse childhood experience CPS — : Child Protective Services Child maltreatment is well recognized as one of the most significant contributors to pediatric morbidity and mortality throughout the world.1,2 The effect of child maltreatment on morbidity and mortality in older adults has been documented for >20 years as demonstrated by the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) study.3 The impact of maltreatment on teenage suicide and other mental health diagnoses is also well known.4,5 To date, however, a direct relationship between maltreatment specifically, rather than the broader risk of ACES, and mortality in teenagers and young adults had not been reported. In this issue of Pediatrics , Segal et al6 evaluated this potential relationship by linking >50 administrative data sets from South Australia that included data from >300 000 children born between 1986 and 2003 who survived to age 16. The authors examined the relationship among multiple demographic factors, Child Protective Services (CPS) involvement, and mortality from 1990 to 2019. For the 20% of children with CPS contact before age 16, the nature of the contact was divided into 7 categories, which included “investigation only,” “substantiation,” and “removal to … Address correspondence to Rachel Berger, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224. E-mail: rachel.berger{at}chp.edu
In Situ TEM of Electrochemical Incidents: Effects of Biasing and Electron Beam on Electrochemistry

In situ TEM utilizing specialized holders and MEMS chips allows the investigation of the interaction, evolution, property, and function of nanostructures and devices responding to designed environments and/or stimuli. This mini-review summarizes the recent progress of in situ TEM with a liquid cell and a flow channel for the investigation of interactions among aqueous nanoparticles, electrolytes, and electrodes under the influence of electric bias and electron beam. A focus is made on nanoparticle growth by electrodeposition, particle nucleation induced by electric biasing or electron beam, self-assembly, and electrolyte breakdown. We also outline some future opportunities of in situ TEM with aqueous cells and flow.
EMDQ-SLAM: Real-Time High-Resolution Reconstruction of Soft Tissue Surface from Stereo Laparoscopy Videos

We propose a novel stereo laparoscopy video-based non-rigid SLAM method called EMDQ-SLAM, which can incrementally reconstruct thee-dimensional (3D) models of soft tissue surfaces in real-time and preserve high-resolution color textures. EMDQ-SLAM uses the expectation maximization and dual quaternion (EMDQ) algorithm combined with SURF features to track the camera motion and estimate tissue deformation between video frames. To overcome the problem of accumulative errors over time, we have integrated a g2o-based graph optimization method that combines the EMDQ mismatch removal and as-rigid-as-possible (ARAP) smoothing methods. Finally, the multi-band blending (MBB) algorithm has been used to obtain high resolution color textures with real-time performance. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms two state-of-the-art non-rigid SLAM methods: MISSLAM and DefSLAM. Quantitative evaluation shows an average error in the range of 0.8–2.2 mm for different cases.
Extensional vibration of a nonuniform piezoceramic rod and high voltage generation

A one-dimensional analytical model is developed from the three-dimensional equations of linear piezoelectricity for Rosen piezoelectric transformers operating with extensional vibration modes of non-uniform piezoelectric ceramic rods for generating high electric voltages. Free and forced vibration analyses are performed. Vibration frequencies and mode shapes are obtained showing the mechanism of Rosen transformers. Nodal point of the operating mode is determined for the purpose of mounting. The transforming ratio, input impedance, and the efficiency of Rosen transformers and their dependence on various parameters are examined. In particular, it is shown that the slenderness of Rosen transformers implies high voltage generation. The results are useful in the understanding and design of Rosen piezoelectric transformers.
Attributions of deception in dating situations

Mate selection criteria for humans, and the concept of deception as a mating strategy, have both been demonstrated by past research. This study provides evidence that men and women believe that the mate selection criteria used by one sex corresponds to the deceptive tactics used by the opposite sex. A survey of the deceptive techniques used by men and women was completed by 62 women and 30 men. Results showed that both men and women believe that men attempt to deceive women about their financial status and level of commitment, and that women attempt to deceive men about their physical attractiveness. Thus, both sexes expect deception by the opposite sex in evolutionarily relevant areas of mate choice. These results support the theory that men and women attempt to deceive potential mates about evolutionarily relevant characteristics, but the opposite sex is aware of these likely deceptions.
Quality metrics for practical face recognition

In biometric studies, quality evaluation of input data is very important, and has proven to have a direct relation with system performance. Quality measures can provide real-time feedback to reduce the number of poor quality submissions to the system. Another benefit is that they can predict and improve the authentication performance (e.g., by using quality-dependent thresholds). This paper main focus is image quality assessment for face recognition. First, we evaluate a number of techniques that measure image quality factors namely, contrast, brightness, focus, sharpness, and illumination. Second, via a set of experiments measuring the sensitivity of each matric to quality change, we select the most practical measure(s) for each quality factor. Finally, we propose a novel face image quality index (FQI) that combines the five aforementioned quality factors. Via a set of statistical significance tests, we illustrate and support that FQI is a promising quality measure that can be used as an alternative to some benchmark face image quality measures.
Galaxy-Scale Mergers and Globular Clusters

The formation of globular clusters and the origin of galaxy shapes, longstanding mysteries in astrophysics that were long viewed as disjoint, have recently turned out to be closely connected, as [Schweizer][1] discusses in this Perspective. Hubble Space Telescope observations of colliding and merging galaxies have shown that globular clusters--densely packed aggregates of 10to 10stars--apparently form from massive gas clouds in galaxies that get seriously perturbed. Giant elliptical galaxies contain a particularly high number of globular clusters, which fall into a metal-poor and a metal-rich groups, implying two major episodes of globular cluster formation. The metal-rich group is interpreted as evidence for the formation of elliptical galaxies through major galaxy mergers. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/287/5457/1410
High-resolution single-snapshot DOA estimation in MIMO radar with colocated antennas

In this paper, a high-resolution subspace-based method is proposed for single-snapshot direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. First, a ‘principal’ weight vector is designed for transmit beamforming to achieve a desired transmit power distribution, e.g., to focus the transmit power within certain desired spatial sector(s), while minimizing the out-of-sector power. Then, the designed weight vector is used to generate a population of ‘companion’ weight vectors of the same size and having the same transmit power distribution as that of the principal weight vector. Multiple transmit beams are formed using the companion weight vectors where an orthogonal waveform is transmitted over each beam. Matched-filtering the received single-snapshot data to the orthogonal transmitted waveforms yields a number of virtual data snapshots equal to the number of orthogonal waveforms. By properly choosing the number of waveforms, the virtual data snapshots are guaranteed to yield a full-rank sample covariance matrix, which enables application of high-resolution DOA estimation techniques. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method provides DOA estimation performance superior to that of traditional MIMO radar based MUSIC, the conventional (Bartlett) beamformer, and the spheroidal sequences based beamformer.
The Handicap Principle for Trust in Computer Security, the Semantic Web and Social Networking

Communication is a fundamental function of life, and it exists in almost all living things: from single-cell bacteria to human beings. Communication, together with competition and cooperation ,arethree fundamental processes in nature. Computer scientists are familiar with the study of competition or 'struggle for life ' through Darwin's evolutionary theory, or even evolutionary computing. They may be equally familiar with the study of cooperation or altruism through the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) game. However, they are likely to be less familiar with the theory of animal communication . The objective of this article is three-fold: (i ) To suggest that the study of animal communication, especially the honesty (reliability ) of animal communication, in which some significant advances in behavioral biology have been achieved in the last three decades, should be on the verge to spawn important cross-disciplinary research similar to that generated by the study of cooperation with the PD game. One of the far-reaching advances in the field is marked by the publication of "The Handicap Principle: a Missing Piece of Darwin's Puzzle " by Zahavi (1997). The 'Handicap' principle [34][35], which states that communication signals must be costly in some proper way to be reliable (honest), is best elucidated with evolutionary games, e.g., Sir Philip Sidney (SPS) game [23]. Accordingly, we suggest that the Handicap principle may serve as a fundamental paradigm for trust research in computer science. (ii ) To suggest to computer scientists that their expertise in modeling computer networks may help behavioral biologists in their study of the reliability of animal communication networks . This is largely due to the historical reason that, until the last decade, animal communication was studied with the dyadic paradigm (sender-receiver) rather than with the network paradigm. (iii ) To pose several open questions, the answers to which may bear some refreshing insights to trust research in computer science, especially secure and resilient computing, the semantic web, and social networking. One important thread unifying the three aspects is the evolutionary game theory modeling or its extensions with survival analysis and agreement algorithms [19][20], which offer powerful game models for describing time-, space-, and covariate-dependent frailty (uncertainty and vulnerability) and deception (honesty).
Elements of network protocol design

How to Specify Network Protocols. First Protocol Examples. Network Processes. More on Processes. Transmission Errors. Connections. Data Transfer and Multiplexing. Error Detection. Error Recovery. Flow Control. Maintaining Topology Information. The Abstraction of Perfect Channel. Routing. Switching. Congestion Control. The Abstraction of Virtual Neighborhood. Naming and Name Resolution. Security. Data Compression. Broadcast and Multicast. Application Structures. Applications. Ring Networks. Broadcast Networks. Protocol Layers and Hierarchies. Exercises. Bibliography. Indexes.
Validation of Nonlinear Reduced Order Models with Time Integration Targeted at Nonlinear Normal Modes

Recently, nonlinear reduced order models (ROMs) of large scale finite element models have been used to approximate the nonlinear normal modes (NNMs) of detailed structures with geometric nonlinearity distributed throughout all of its elements. The ROMs provide a low order representation of the full model, and are readily used with numerical continuation algorithms to compute the NNMs of the system. In this work, the NNMs computed from the reduced equations serve as candidate periodic solutions for the full order model. A subset of these are used to define a set of initial conditions and integration periods for the full order model and then the full model is integrated to check the quality of the NNM estimated from the ROM. If the resulting solution is not periodic, then the initial conditions can be iteratively adjusted using a shooting algorithm and a Newton–Raphson approach. These converged solutions give the true NNM of the finite element model, as they satisfy the full order equations, and they can be compared to the ROM predictions to validate the ROM at selected points along the NNM branch. This gives a load-independent metric that may provide confidence in the accuracy of the ROM while avoiding the excessive cost of computing the complete NNM of the full order model. This approach is demonstrated on two models with geometric nonlinearity: a beam with clamped-clamped boundary conditions, and a cantilevered plate used to study fatigue and crack propagation.
Optimization of barrier layer thickness in MgSe/CdSe quantum wells for intersubband devices in the near infrared region

The authors report the optimization of MgSe barrier thickness in CdSe/MgSe multiple quantum well structures and its effect on structural, optical qualities and intersubband (ISB) transition characteristics. Three samples with the MgSe thicknesses of 2 nm, 3 nm, and 4 nm were grown on InP substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence measurements showed that the thinner the MgSe barrier thickness the better the structural quality. However, ISB absorption was only observed in the sample with a MgSe thickness of 3 nm. Failing to observe ISB absorption in the sample with a thicker MgSe barrier (≥4 nm) is due to the deteriorated material quality while the missing of ISB transition in the sample with thinner barrier (≤2 nm) is due to the tunneling of electrons out of the CdSe wells. The optimized MgSe barrier thickness of around 3 nm is found to be able to suppress the electron tunneling while maintaining a good material quality of the overall structure.
Oxidation of iron-silicon alloys

The isothermal and cyclic oxidation behavior of Fe-Si alloys (5, 10, 14, and 20 wt.% Si) was studied between 900 and 1100°C. The oxidation rate in air decreased with increasing Si content at all temperatures. Alloys containing 10% Si or more oxidized slower than a typical Cr2O3-forming alloy due to the formation of an SiO2 film. This film may have initially been vitreous but was crystalline after short times. The oxidation kinetics, although slow, were linear due to the outward transport of Fe through the slowly growing SiO2 film. It is hypothesized that the Fe transport involved atoms rather than ions. Cyclic oxidation behavior varied with the alloy Si content.
Inhibiting and enhancing effect of various chemical agents on rat's resistance to inoculated Walker 256 tumor cells

Summary In our experiments, histamine did not play a major role in increasing the number of tumor takes in rats inoculated with an approximately 50% take level of Walker 256 cells. Conversely, antihistamines were found to cause a marked enhancement of takes, confirming the fact that tumor substances contain antihistaminics which are important in the enhancement of Walker 256 tumor in rats. Vitamin B 12 may have a role in enhancement of takes in this experimental system. Reserpine, the serotonin antagonist, had significant effect in decreasing tumor takes.
Illnesses of the Brain in John Quincy Adams

John Quincy Adams, the sixth and perhaps most scholarly American president, served courageously despite familial essential tremor, depression, and cerebrovascular disease. His cousin Samuel Adams and his father John Adams also had essential tremor, which the later called "quiveration". Alcoholism and depression affected several members of J.Q. Adams's family. Following his own time as president, J.Q. Adams returned to duty as the congressman who most assiduously fought slavery, a fight he continued even after he had suffered a major left hemispheric stroke. His fatal collapse in Congress, protesting the Mexican War, is legendary among the final illnesses of American statesmen.
Site-specific gene modification by oligodeoxynucleotides in mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) had been employed in gene modification and represent an alternative approach to 'cure' genetic disorders caused by mutations. To test the ability of ODN-mediated gene repair in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), we established MSCs cell lines with stably integrated mutant neomycin resistance and enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter genes. The established cultures showed morphologically homogenous population with phenotypic and functional features of mesenchymal progenitors. Transfection with gene-specific ODNs successfully repaired targeted cells resulting in the expression of functional proteins at relatively high frequency approaching 0.2%. Direct DNA sequencing confirmed that phenotype change resulted from the designated nucleotide correction at the target site. The position of the mismatch-forming nucleotide was shown to be important structural feature for ODN repair activity. The genetically corrected MSCs were healthy and maintained an undifferentiated state. Furthermore, the genetically modified MSCs were able to engraft into many tissues of unconditioned transgenic mice making them an attractive therapeutic tool in a wide range of clinical applications.
Investigating Public Housing Segregation: Conceptual and Methodological Issues

We investigate the concepts and evidence needed to understand the extent of racial segregation in the federal public housing program operating in metropolitan areas throughout the United States. Over one million units of public housing in urban areas constitute an important, but poorly understood, component of overall housing market segregation. Using data from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, we describe the degree, distribution, and segregation of minorities in HUD-assisted family and elderly housing. We attempt to explain the level and variation of public housing segregation through examining legislative, programmatic, and regional factors, though differences appear at relatively low levels of statistical significance.
Bacterial RNase P: a new view of an ancient enzyme

Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is a ubiquitous endonuclease that catalyses the maturation of the 5' end of transfer RNA (tRNA). Although it carries out a biochemically simple reaction, RNase P is a complex ribonucleoprotein particle composed of a single large RNA and at least one protein component. In bacteria and some archaea, the RNA component of RNase P can catalyse tRNA maturation in vitro in the absence of proteins. The discovery of the catalytic activity of the bacterial RNase P RNA triggered numerous mechanistic and biochemical studies of the reactions catalysed by the RNA alone and by the holoenzyme and, in recent years, structures of individual components of the RNase P holoenzyme have been determined. The goal of the present review is to summarize what is known about the bacterial RNase P, and to bring together the recent structural results with extensive earlier biochemical and phylogenetic findings.
Gustave Roussy (1874–1948) : sa contribution à la neuroendocrinologie

Abstract Gustave Roussy (1874–1948) is remembered as a distinguished French neuropathologist and a leader in the field of oncology. However, his original contribution to the study of hypothalamic functions and neuroendocrinology remains ignored. Among Roussy's discoveries is the first experimental demonstration of the hypothalamic origin of diabetes insipidus and adiposo-genital dystrophy. Also, based on his own histological work, he pioneered the concept of neurosecretion, which was termed by him “neuricrinie”.
Surface effect and anomalous resistive transitions in Pb

Abstract Resistive transitions in Pb films (4.6 × 10 −4 cm thick) have been studied at 4.2°K with different measuring currents and various orientation of a transverse magnetic field. Surface superconductivity and an anomalous transition behaviour were observed.
The 9Be(d, n) thick-target neutron spectra for deuteron energies between 2.6 and 7.0 MeV

Abstract The measurement of 0° neutron spectra and yields from deuterons incident on a thick beryllium-metal target using time-of-flight techniques is described. 235U and 238U fission ion chambers were used as neutron detectors to span the neutron-energy range above 0.05 MeV with a time resolution of ≤ 3 ns. Measurements were made over flight-paths of ∼ 2.65 and ∼ 3.75 m for incident deuteron energies from 2.6 to 7.0 MeV at 0.4 MeV intervals. The results are presented in graphical form and in tables.
Spatial effects, sampling errors, and task specialization in the honey bee

Task allocation patterns should depend on the spatial distribution of work within the nest, variation in task demand, and the movement patterns of workers, however, relatively little research has focused on these topics. This study uses a spatially explicit agent based model to determine whether such factors alone can generate biases in task performance at the individual level in the honey bees, Apis mellifera. Specialization (bias in task performance) is shown to result from strong sampling error due to localized task demand, relatively slow moving workers relative to nest size, and strong spatial variation in task demand. To date, specialization has been primarily interpreted with the response threshold concept, which is focused on intrinsic (typically genotypic) differences between workers. Response threshold variation and sampling error due to spatial effects are not mutually exclusive, however, and this study suggests that both contribute to patterns of task bias at the individual level. While spatial effects are strong enough to explain some documented cases of specialization; they are relatively short term and not explanatory for long term cases of specialization. In general, this study suggests that the spatial layout of tasks and fluctuations in their demand must be explicitly controlled for in studies focused on identifying genotypic specialists.
MIMO communication capacity using infinite dimension random matrix eigenvalue distributions

Wireless communication using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems enables increased spectral efficiency for a given total transmit power. MIMO capacity is a strong function of the singular value distribution of the channel matrix, the receive antenna to transmit antenna transfer matrix. In this paper the capacity is calculated using an asymptotic large random matrix approach. Bounds on the maximum spectral efficiency of MIMO systems in which both transmitter and receiver know the channel (channel estimate feedback), are compared with MIMO systems in which only the receiver knows the channel. In addition, MIMO performance in the presence of cooperative and uncooperative interfering MIMO systems is presented.
Human patellar reflex and conditioned reflex compared electromyographically

Abstract Inspite of continued work on the stretch reflex and “voluntary” movement study of the conditioned stretch reflex declined early in this century. The present experiments surveyed seven classical conditioning regimens for the human rectus femoris EMG seen after a blow to the patellar tendon. It was possible to (1) rule out conditioning to a knee touch that occured together with the tap, (2) establish weak conditioned stimulus, Sc, control for a tape recorder click and subsequent fist clench that preceded the tap by variable elapsed times, and (3) establish strong Sc control for a tone that sounded an invariant 0.27 sec before the tap. There were large differences, however, in Sc power across subjects, as measured by amplitude, latency, and frequency of conditioned EMG activity that occured prior to tap or when the tap was omitted. Purely reflexive responses, especially later EMG segments, also varied in amplitude and frequency, to support a conclusion that numerous controlling stimuli added or competed from trial to trial. Further disclosure of Sc contributions, including those from movement-generated stimulation, is warranted, especially for behaviors whose rhythmic timings, as in locomotion, might favor Pavlovian conditioning.
Enterprise Zones and Employment: Evidence from New Jersey

Abstract This paper presents new evidence on the effectiveness of urban enterprise zones as an economic development tool. The results reported here are from an econometric analysis of the New Jersey urban enterprise zone program using data at the municipal level from 1982 to 1990. We find no evidence that the urban enterprise zone program in New Jersey had a positive effect on total municipal employment, on employment in various sectors, or on municipal property values. We conclude that the program was ineffective in achieving its goal of improving the economic conditions in and around the zones.
The growth of epitaxial uranium oxide observed by micro-Raman spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy can be performed with micrometer resolution and can thus be used to determine the dependence of oxide thickness on the substrate's grain structure or local impurity inclusions. The Raman signal amplitude emitted from an epitaxial uranium oxide layer as a function of oxide thickness has been modeled for light of 632.8 nm wavelength incident on the oxide and reflected from the uranium substrate using the optical properties determined by spectrophotometry. The model shows that the Raman signal increases with oxide thickness and saturates at about 150 nm thickness. The model was compared with the measured Raman signal amplitude of an epitaxial uranium oxide layer growing in air with a known time dependence of oxide growth.
Cell division and ribonucleic acid synthesis during the initiation of limb regeneration in larval axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum).

Mitotic activity and RNA synthesis were examined in normal regenerating limbs and denervated non-regenerating limbs of larval axolotls during the first six days after amputation. H3-uridine incorporation into RNA was measured by autoradiography of deoxyribonuclease treated sections. Grain counts indicated a significant increase in RNA synthesis in both normal and denervated limbs through the six-day time period but a greater increase was seen in normal limbs. The Mitotic Index increased significantly in normal limbs on the fifth day postamputation. In contrast, no increase in M.I. was observed in denervated limbs.