cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Projections from the ventral cochlear nucleus to the dorsal cochlear nucleus in rats

Local circuit interactions between the dorsal and ventral divisions of the cochlear nucleus are known to influence the evoked responses of the resident neurons to sound. In the present study, we examined the projections of neurons in the ventral cochlear nucleus to the dorsal cochlear nucleus by using retrograde transport of biotinylated dextran amine injected into restricted but different regions of the dorsal cochlear nucleus. In all cases, we found retrogradely labeled granule, unipolar brush, and chestnut cells in the granule cell domain, and retrogradely labeled multipolar cells in the magnocellular core of the ventral cochlear nucleus. A small number of the labeled multipolar cells were found along the margins of the ventral cochlear nucleus, usually near the boundaries of the granule cell domain. Spherical bushy, globular bushy, and octopus cells were not labeled. Retrogradely-labeled auditory nerve fibers and the majority of labeled multipolar neurons formed a narrow sheet extending across the medial-to-lateral extent of the ventral cochlear nucleus whose dorsoventral position was topographically related to the injection site. Labeled multipolar cells within the core of the ventral cochlear nucleus could be divided into at least two distinct groups. Planar neurons were most numerous, their somata found within the associated band of labeled fibers, and their dendrites oriented within this band. This arrangement mimics the organization of isofrequency contours and implies that planar neurons respond best to a narrow range of frequencies. In contrast, radiate neurons were infrequent, found scattered throughout the ventral cochlear nucleus, and had long dendrites oriented perpendicular to the isofrequency contours. This dendritic orientation suggests that radiate neurons are sensitive to a broad range of frequencies. These structural differences between planar and radiate neurons suggest that they subserve separate functions in acoustic processing.
Mechanisms for copepod resting egg accumulation in seagrass sediments

We identify several mechanisms by which seagrass presence can enhance the retention and benthic abundance of copepod eggs on a shallow reef in Florida: (1) benthic macrofauna are more abundant in seagrass patches than in bare sediment and bioturbation by these animals may contribute to egg retention through burial; (2) the physical presence of the seagrass canopy inhibits the resuspension of fine particles and thereby promotes egg accumulation; (3) the persistent low oxygen conditions at the sediment surface sustained in seagrass patches during warm summer months promote egg retention by inhibiting the hatch of newly settled eggs. Understanding how these factors contribute to copepod egg accumulation in the seagrass beds of other areas could give valuable insights into how seagrass presence may influence local copepod populations.
Blood Pyruvate in Malignant Neoplastic Disorders

A moderate and statistically significant elevation of blood pyruvate levels, determined by an enzymatic method, was found in 60 patients with various malignant neoplastic disorders as compared with 20 control subjects. Studied were 42 cases of metastatic carcinoma, including 14 in which there were hepatic metastases and 18 cases of leukemia and lymphoma. No significant statistical difference was found when the values for the patients with malignant disease were compared with those found for a group of patients with non-neoplastic liver disorders.
NGS publications program

The U.S. Government Printing Office has designated the National Geodetic Information Center (NGIC) of the National Geodetic Survey (NGS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), as the exclusive sales agent for NOAA geodetic publications. For years NGIC, the nation's geodetic depository, has been providing data to the public on a processing-cost recovery basis. Now, in addition to data, users can also purchase NGS publications, software, and related products at reasonable prices from the NGIC, located in Rockville, Md. NGS, a component of Charting and Geodetic Services of NOAA's National Ocean Service, is the U.S. Government agency charged with establishing and maintaining the National Geodetic Reference System; improving geodetic surveying methods; establishing federal government specifications for survey operations by federal, state, and other organizations; performing geodetic research in support of its mission, and disseminating geodetic data through a central data base. The information, results, and data derived or acquired by NGS are archived and reported to the scientific community through NOAA geodetic publications.
The Eye of the Hare. Photographic Portraits of Max Jacob

Abstract Photographic portraits of Max Jacob often alternately suggest the archetypical figures of “martyr”or “trickster.” The recurrence of these personae in the photographic corpus reinforces criticalcommonplaces linked to these representations of the poet. The present study examines the complexrelationship of these two poetic personae as they appear in the written work and the photographiccorpus. The literary work shows Jacob in his tragic and ludic guises, but neither figure hasprecedence over the other; indeed, Jacob pits these roles against each other. The photographiccorpus bears out the reversibility and mutual necessity of these contrary personae, by way ofequivocal representations in which the martyr and trickster roles appear superimposed, juxtaposedor fused. As a result of the poet’s literary and photographic games of misdirection, Jacob’s authorialposture may be described as a paradoxical dual posture in which Jacob appears to adopt twocontrary personae at once. Resume Les portraits photographiques de Max Jacob suggerent souvent les archetypes du « martyr » ou du« trickster » (la figure de l’aimable « farceur » ruse, a l’instar de Renard ou de Scapin, parexemple). La recurrence de ces personae dans le corpus photographique renforce les lieuxcommuns critiques lies a ces representations du poete. La presente etude examine les relationscomplexes qui se nouent entre ces deux personae poetiques telles qu’elles apparaissent dansl’oeuvre litteraire et le corpus photographique. Jacob se montre tour a tour tragique ou ludique dansl’oeuvre ecrite, mais aucun des deux roles ne prime sur l’autre ; en effet, Jacob les joue sans cessel’un contre l’autre. Le corpus photographique confirme la reversibilite et la necessite mutuelle deces personae contraires, a travers des representations equivoques dans lesquelles le martyr et letrickster paraissent juxtaposes, en surimpression ou confondus. Suite a ces jeux de cache-cachelitteraires et photographiques, la posture auctoriale de Jacob apparait duelle et paradoxale, car Jacobassume deux personae contraires en meme temps.
On designing a reconfigurable fault-tolerant pyramid tree network architecture

A new dynamically reconfigurable modular approach for pyramid tree network architecture is presented. A module, in which three primary processing elements (PEs) are supported by a spare processing element (SP), can be considered as a basic building block and it perfectly suits the VLSI design methodology in forming the complete fault-tolerant pyramid tree. Reconfiguration of the PEs is simple and local to the module. Since SPs can be shared across the module boundaries, multiple PE failures in a module can be tolerated. It is also shown that in addition to PE failures, this design can tolerate up to a certain extent SP failures as well. A switch structure, a simple reconfiguration algorithm, and a VLSI layout of the design are also presented. The reliability analysis shows a substantial increase in the system reliability of the proposed design over the nonredundant architecture. A yield analysis comes up with a promising result regarding single-chip implementation of the pyramid tree. >
Pacific–Antarctic–Australia motion and the formation of the Macquarie Plate

SUMMARY Magnetic anomaly and fracture zone data on the Southeast Indian Ridge (SEIR) are analysed in order to constrain the kinematic history of the Macquarie Plate, the region of the Australian Plate roughly east of 145 ◦ E and south of 52 ◦ S. Finite rotations for Australia‐Antarctic motion are determined for nine chrons (2Ay, 3Ay, 5o, 6o, 8o, 10o, 12o, 13o and 17o) using data limited to the region between 88 ◦ E and 139 ◦ E. These rotations are used to generate synthetic flowlines which are compared with the observed trends of the easternmost fracture zones on the SEIR. An analysis of the synthetic flowlines shows that the Macquarie Plate region has behaved as an independent rigid plate for roughly the last 6 Myr. Finite rotations for Macquarie‐ Antarctic motion are determined for chrons 2Ay and 3Ay. These rotations are summed with Australia‐Antarctic rotations to determine Macquarie‐Australia rotations. We find that the best-fit Macquarie‐Australia rotation poles lie within the zone of diffuse intraplate seismicity in the South Tasman Sea separating the Macquarie Plate from the main part of the Australian Plate. Motion of the Macquarie Plate relative to the Pacific Plate for chrons 2Ay and 3Ay is determined by summing Macquarie‐Antarctic and Antarctic‐Pacific rotations. The Pacific‐ Macquarie rotations predict a smaller rate of convergence perpendicular to the Hjort Trench than the Pacific‐Australia rotations. The onset of the deformation of the South Tasman Sea and the development of the Macquarie Plate appears to have been triggered by the subduction of young, buoyant oceanic crust near the Hjort Trench and coincided with a clockwise change in Pacific‐Australia motion around 6 Ma. The revised Pacific‐Australia rotations also have implications for the tectonics of the Alpine Fault Zone of New Zealand. We find that changes in relative displacement along the Alpine Fault have been small over the last 20 Myr. The average rate of convergence over the last 6 Myr is about 40 per cent smaller than in previous models.
Restricted Expression of New HERV-K Members in Human Teratocarcinoma Cells

Northern hybridization with five HERV-K family members, previously cloned from human teratocarcinoma genomic DNA, indicated that two (HERV-(K)27 and -(K)67) of the five clones are expressed in these teratocarcinoma cells. These two clones are closely related (98.49%), however, and Northern blot hybridization lacks the specificity to distinguish between their respective mRNAs. Therefore, PCR analysis with mixed oligonucleotide primers homologous to conserved retroviral pol gene regions was employed to amplify cDNA synthesized from teratocarcinoma cell RNA. This amplification scheme yielded two novel HERV-K family members, HERV-(K)55 and HERV-(K)91. Clone HERV-(K)55 has approximately 98% nucleotide sequence identity to clones HERV-(K)27 and -(K)67. Subsequent RNase protection assays confirmed the expression of HERV-(K)55 and indicated that clones HERV-(K)27 and -(K)67 were not expressed in these cells. One interpretation is that the HERV-(K)27 and -(K)67 probes detected transcripts of clone HERV-(K)55 or other closely-related elements because of their high homologies. In addition, clone HERV-(K)91, which has approximately 81% nucleotide sequence identity to clones HERV-(K)27, -(K)67, and -(K)55, was obtained only from teratocarcinoma 2102E-Pr cells, but the RNase protection assay showed that this clone is also expressed in other human teratocarcinoma cell lines.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF RECOVERY IN PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA III. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PHAGOCYTOSIS OF PNEUMOCOCCI IN THE LUNG DURING SULFONAMIDE THERAPY

The phagocytosis which occurs in the lungs of rats receiving sulfonamide is due neither to an opsonizing action of the sulfonamides nor to type-specific antibody. The evidence presented indicates that the destruction of the pneumococci is brought about by a phagocytic mechanism independent of both opsonization and capsular injury.
Gender Disparity in Late-life Cognitive Functioning in India: Findings From the Longitudinal Aging Study in India

Objectives. To examine gender disparities in cognitive functioning in India and the extent to which education explains this disparity in later life.
Tool-based configuration of real-time CORBA middleware for embedded systems

Real-time CORBA is a middleware standard that has demonstrated successes in developing distributed, realtime, and embedded (DRE) systems. Customizing real-time CORBA for an application can considerably reduce the size of the middleware and improve its performance. However, customizing middleware is an error-prone task and requires deep knowledge of the CORBA standard as well as the middleware design. This paper presents ZEN-kit, a graphical tool for customizing RTZen (an RTSJ-based implementation of real-time CORBA). This customization is achieved through modularizing the middleware so that features may be inserted or removed based on the DRE application requirements. This paper presents three main contributions: 1) it describes how real-time CORBA features can be modularized and configured in RTZen using components and aspects, 2) it provides a configuration strategy to customize real-time middleware to achieve low-footprint ORBs, and 3) it presents ZEN-kit, a graphical tool for composing customized real-time middleware.
Life Cost-Based FMEA Using Empirical Data

Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is a design tool that helps designers identify risks. The traditional FMEA involves ambiguity with the definition of risk priority number: the product of occurrence, detection difficulty, and severity subjectively measured in a 1 to 10 range. Life-cost Based FMEA alleviates this ambiguity by using the estimated cost of failures. Yet, the methods still relies on judgment of experts in determining variables such as frequency, detection time, fixing time, delay time, and parts cost. To resolve this subjectivity, this paper proposes a systematic use of empirical data for applying life-cost-based FMEA. A case study of a large scale particle accelerator shows the advantages of the proposed approach in predicting life cycle failure cost, measuring risk and planning preventive, scheduled maintenance and ultimately improving up-time.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Shape and surface area measurements using scanning electron microscope stereo-pair images of volcanic ash particles

The shape and surface area of fiparticles are traditionally measured using projected or two-dimensional (2D) sections or with nitrogen gas adsorption using the BET (Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller) method. However, 2D sections are incomplete shape descriptors and nitrogen gas adsorption analysis is precluded when the amount of sample is limited, for example, in direct ash cloud sampling. In this study we present a technique for measuring the shape and surface area of individual grains of volcanic ash using scanning electron microscope (SEM) stereo pairs. The application we discuss is the stereoscopic analysis of 25 ash particles in the 4‐130 µm size range from the August 1992 Crater Peak‐Spurr eruption, located 130 km west of Anchorage, Alaska. Surface area data are presented from stereo measurements of glass microspheres in the same size range as validation of the technique’s accuracy. Differences in surface area values between our technique, 2D shape data, and nitrogen gas adsorption are presented and discussed.
Multisensor processing algorithms for underwater dipole localization and tracking using MEMS artificial lateral-line sensors

An engineered artificial lateral-line system has been recently developed, consisting of a 16-element array of finely spaced MEMS hot-wire flow sensors. This represents a new class of underwater flow sensing instruments and necessitates the development of rapid, efficient, and robust signal processing algorithms. In this paper, we report on the development and implementation of a set of algorithms that assist in the localization and tracking of vibrational dipole sources underwater. Using these algorithms, accurate tracking of the trajectory of a moving dipole source has been demonstrated successfully.
Evaluation of syphilis testing of blood donors

S YPHILIS, THE FIRST transfusion-transmitted disease described, was reported commonly before 1950. ~ Blood donors have been screened with a serological test for syphilis since the early days of blood transfusionfl Some transfusion medicine experts question the value of continuing the serological test for syphilis for blood donors, although a recent National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference has recommended that syphilis testing of blood donors be continued) This article reviews the clinical manifestations of syphilis, the available serological tests for syphilis, and the history of transfusion-transmitted syphilis, and evaluates the current rationale for continuing serological screening of blood donors for syphilis.
A New EPMA Method For Fast Trace Element Analysis In Simple Matrices

Traditionally Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA) has relied upon precise characterization of the continuum intensities adjacent to the emission line of interest using Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometry (WDS) for determination of the background under the peak. Recent improvements including new hardware designs with large area Bragg crystals, new software methods implementing exponential and polynomial interpolations to more accurately characterize the curvature of the background, and aggregated spectrometer signals to improve sensitivity, have enabled the EPMA to attain detection limits as low as 2 to 3 PPM in some materials.[1]
About the fastest growth of the Order Parameter in models of percolation

Abstract The growth of the average size 〈 s max 〉 of the largest component at the percolation threshold p c ( N ) on a graph of size N has been defined as 〈 s max ( p c ( N ) , N ) 〉 ∼ N χ . Here we argue that the precise value of the ‘growth exponent’ χ indicates the nature of percolation transition; χ 1 or χ = 1 determines if the transition is continuous or discontinuous. We show that a related exponent η = 1 − χ which describes how the average maximal jump sizes in the Order Parameter decays on increasing the system size, is the single exponent that describes the finite-size scaling of a number of distributions related to the fastest growth of the Order Parameter in these problems. Excellent quality scaling analysis are presented for the two single peak distributions corresponding to the Order Parameters at the two ends of the maximal jump, the bimodal distribution constructed by the weighted average of these distributions and for the distribution of the maximal jump in the Order Parameter.
Mutational analysis of ETV6 in prostate carcinoma

BACKGROUND In an effort to better understand the molecular events responsible for progression of prostate carcinoma to metastatic disease, we have recently identified a homozygous deletion at 12p12-13 involving ETV6 (tel). Although mutational analysis of ETV6 has not been examined previously in prostate carcinoma, it is an attractive candidate prostate cancer tumor suppressor gene since as it previously has been implicated in malignancy. Therefore, we decided to analyze 43 prostate cell lines, xenografts, and metastatic foci for inactivating mutations. METHODS DNA was isolated from 7 cell lines, 18 xenografts, and 18 metastatic deposits. Single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of ETV6, was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of each exon by using intron specific primers. PCR products were then resolved by gel electrophoresis, and aberrantly migrating PCR products were then sequenced. RESULTS Two previously described polymorphisms and four novel sequence changes were identified. Polymorphisms at nucleotide 258 (G A, Thr Thr) and 602 (T C, Leu Pro) were identified in eight and one specimen(s), respectively. Analysis of noncancerous DNA confirmed the presence of the polymorphisms in the germ-line. Four possible mutations were identified at nucleotides 24 (T G, Cys Trp), 380 (G A, Arg Glu), 776 (G T, Arg Leu), and 876 (C T, Leu Leu). Three were in xenografts or cell lines. Because normal DNA was not available, these could represent rare polymorphisms. The sole mutation in a clinical specimen, at nucleotide 876, did not result in an amino acid change. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that mutational inactivation ETV6 may occur in prostate carcinoma. The functional significance of these potential inactivating mutations remains to be determined. Prostate 52: 305–310, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Lorentz Force as Pure Geodesic Motion in Four-Dimensional Spacetime

We develop a linear metric element ds in ordinary four-dimensional spacetime which, when held stationary under worldline variations, leads to the gravitational equations of geodesic motion extended to include the Lorentz force law for both abelian and non-abelian gauge fields. We see that in the presence of an electromagnetic vector potential A^µ, all that is needed to obtain this result is to follow the well-known gauge theory prescription of replacing the kinetic momentum p^µ with a canonical momentum π^µ=p^µ+eA^µ in the mass / momentum relationship m^2=p_σp^σ, and then to apply variational calculus to obtain the motion of charged particles in this potential. We also show how by this same prescription, Maxwell’s classical source-free field equations become embedded within canonical extensions of the Riemann tensor and the gravitational field equation.
Frequency of spontaneous contractions in longitudinal and transverse bladder strips

The frequency components of spontaneous contractility of rabbit bladder strips were examined with respect to their orientation and position. Spectra of longitudinal and transverse strips of bladder were studied in vitro in consecutively dissected segments from the same bladder. The frequency characteristics of these strips were characterized at rest and also with incremental extension to 125% of original length. Results show that transverse and longitudinal strips of bladder muscle undergo continuous spontaneous contractions in the frequency range of 0.01-0.25 Hz. The amplitude of the spontaneous contractions is not dependent on the amount of resting tension in either longitudinal or transverse strips. Longitudinal strips have a higher frequency of spontaneous variations of tension compared with the transverse strips. The amplitude of transverse strips is lowest at the base of the bladder, and the frequency components of activity increases in magnitude toward the bladder dome. Extension of transverse strips shows the generation of frequency peaks of tissues located at the middle of the bladder having a significantly lower rate of relaxation than the proximal or distal strips. Spontaneous contractility of the bladder indicates the presence of a potentially significant parameter that must be considered when tissue response to mechanical, electrical, or pharmacological stimulation is interpreted.
Ultrashort Pulse Generation at High Repetition Rate from Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers

A stable optical short pulse source with a high repetition rate is very important for realizing future ultrahigh speed optical communication. Of the many potential techniques, an actively mode-locked fiber laser is one of the most attractive sources for generating high quality picosecond pulses at GHz repetition rates. In this paper, we report a regeneratively mode-locked fiber laser which emits a 1-3 ps transform limited pulse at 10 GHz in the 1.53 to 1.55μm wavelength region. This laser can be locked to an external signal by operating a phase-locked loop technique. By using this pulse source and an adiabatic soliton compression technique, a 170 fs pulse train at 10 GHz was generated. Finally, we show the excellent jitter characteristics of the laser.
Biochemistry of Mania

In this manuscript we briefly review the evidence for neurotransmitter and peptide alterations in mania based on direct measurements of these substances or their metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of man. The obvious difficulties of making inferences about central nervous system (CNS) function from biochemical measurements in a global pool, such as the CSF, require reiteration (Post et al., 1980) but are not further discussed here.
On the interpretation of the oceanic variations in 87 Sr/ 86 Sr as recorded in marine limestones

The present published inventory of fluvial Sr and87Sr/86Sr data, combined with new information from the big rivers of Eastern Siberia (a combined total of ∼ 1,000 measurements), is used to investigate the probable origin of the large rise in the marine isotopic ratio, recorded in limestones, over the last ∼ 20 million years. With the exception of the data from the Ganga-Brahmaputra all measurements fall on what is proposed to be called the “Wickman trend”, essentially a mixing line between the limestone sink for Sr, with the integrated marine ratio, and the flux from the weathering of average continental crust. However, time-variations along this trend, i.e. changes in relative weathering intensity, cannot explain the observations from limestones. They can only be caused by very high and radiogenic fluxes of Sr as are occurring from the present Himalayan orogeny, lying far above the Wickman trend and caused by metamorphic remobilization of radiogenic Sr during underthrusting and subsequent unroofing associated with the collision of India with Eurasia. In general the variations in the ratio are therefore caused by specific tectonic events, not by general climatic variations in the intensity of aluminosilicate weathering.
The Jahn–Teller Effect: Geometry, spectra, and reactivity of molecular systems

General: JT vibronic coupling effects in geometry and reactivity This chapter is devoted to applications of the JTE, PJTE, and RTE theory to solve the problems of origin of geometry and spectra, as well as other properties of molecular systems. With regard to geometry, as mentioned in the introduction, increased computer power allows sufficiently accurate calculations of APES of small to moderate-sized molecular systems to determine their absolute minima, which are assumed to define the molecular geometry. In many cases and for many electronic states, ground and excited, the APES are rather complicated: there may be several equivalent minima which do not correspond to the high-symmetry configuration that one may expect from a general, classical point of view. Instead, complicated dynamics due to the multi-minimum APES, anharmonicity, conical intersections, and lines of conical intersections may occur. Obviously, molecular properties other than geometry, including spectra and reactivity, are strongly dependent on the APES too. On the other hand, as follows from the previous chapters, the JT vibronic effects are the only sources of instability of high-symmetry configurations. Therefore the vibronic effects may serve as a fundamental basis for understanding (rationalizing) the results of quantum-chemical computations (as well as results obtained by other methods). In addition, for large systems ab initio calculations with geometry optimization are impossible or impractical, leaving the perturbational vibronic approach as the only source of information on bulk and local instabilities.
Assessing Attention: Relationship Between Circular Visual Tracking and Spatial Span, and Implication for Electronic Assessment (P3.333)

Objective: We sought to examine the relationship between a validated visual attention measure (Spatial Span) and a circular visual tracking (CVT) paradigm that has shown sensitivity to attentional degradation. Background: Oculomotor assessment is useful in characterizing visual attention due to the large overlap between the neural networks for attentional and oculomotor controls. Therefore, it can be a valuable supplement to conventional neurocognitive assessments of attention and executive function. Methods: 137 healthy adults without history of head injury, sensory impairment, substance abuse, neurological, or psychiatric disorders completed a circular visual tracking task and the Spatial Span task. Pearson correlations were used to examine the relationship between these two assessments of visual-spatial attention. Results: Results showed weak correlations between target measures. Some correlations were statistically significant (p<.05), particularly between Spatial Span backward scores and CVT parameters, suggesting shared commonalities between tasks involving mental manipulation of visual information. Conclusions: CVT and Spatial Span are conceptually related as visual attention metrics given shared underlying neural mechanisms. While results showed weak, albeit significant correlations, some differences in performance may be accounted for by differences in testing modality. As part of a separate multi-site study of predictive attention, we will further examine the relationship between CVT and Spatial Span using an alternate modality of Spatial Span (electronic version) to provide additional conceptual support for CVT as an attention metric. Our efforts will contribute to a growing literature on the assessment of attention and cross-modality validation, with applications to the assessment of populations in which attention is vulnerable to impairment. Disclosure: Dr. Wasserman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Larsen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Asiedu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tseretopoulos has nothing to disclose. Dr. Spielman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ghajar has nothing to disclose.
Phase-tunable Josephson junction and spontaneous mass current in a spin-orbit-coupled Fermi superfluid

Atomtronics has the potential for engineering new types of functional devices, such as Josephson junctions (JJs). Previous studies have mainly focused on JJs whose ground states have zero or $\ensuremath{\pi}$ superconducting phase difference across the junctions, while arbitrary phase-tunable JJs may have important applications in superconducting electronics and quantum computation. Here we show that a phase-tunable JJ can be implemented in a spin-orbit-coupled cold atomic gas with the magnetic tunneling barrier generated by a spin-dependent focused laser beam. We consider the JJ confined in either a linear harmonic trap or a circular ring trap. In the ring trap, the magnetic barrier induces a spontaneous mass current for the ground state of the JJ, demonstrating the magnetoelectric effects of cold atoms.
Effectiveness and Safety of an Independently Run Nurse Practitioner Outpatient Cardioversion Program (2009 to 2014).

Sustained growth in the arrhythmia population at Stanford Health Care led to an independent nurse practitioner–run outpatient direct current cardioversion (DCCV) program in 2012. DCCVs performed by a medical doctor, a nurse practitioner under supervision, or nurse practitioners from 2009 to 2014 were compared for safety and efficacy. A retrospective review of the electronic medical records system (Epic) was performed on biodemographic data, cardiovascular risk factors, medication history, procedural data, and DCCV outcomes. A total of 869 DCCVs were performed on 557 outpatients. Subjects were largely men with an average age of 65 years; 1/3 were obese; most had atrial fibrillation; and majority of subjects were on warfarin. The success rate of the DCCVs was 93.4% (812 of 869) with no differences among the groups. There were no short-term complications: stroke, myocardial infarction, or death. The length of stay was shortest in the NP group compared to the other groups (p
Attenuation of 7 GHz surface acoustic waves on silicon

We measured the attenuation of GHz frequency surface acoustic waves (SAWs) on the Si (001) surface using an optical pump-probe technique at temperatures between 300 and 600 K. SAWs are generated and detected by a 700 nm Al grating fabricated by nanoimprint lithography. The grating for SAW generation is separated from the grating for SAW detection by $\ensuremath{\approx}150\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$. The amplitude of SAWs is attenuated by coupling to bulk waves created by the Al grating, diffraction due to the finite size of the source, and the intrinsic relaxational Akhiezer damping of elastic waves in Si. Thermal phonon relaxation time and Gr\"uneisen parameters are fitted using temperature-dependent measurement. The $fQ$ product of a hypothetical micromechanical oscillator limited by Akhiezer damping at this frequency is $\ensuremath{\sim}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{13}$ Hz.
Recombinant human lactoferrin modulates human PBMC derived macrophage responses to BCG and LPS

Lactoferrin, an iron-binding glycoprotein found in mammalian mucosal secretions and granules of neutrophils, possesses several immune modulatory properties. Published reports indicate that lactoferrin enhances the efficacy of the tuberculosis vaccine, BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin), both by increasing macrophage and dendritic cell ability to stimulate receptive T cells and by modulating the inflammatory response. This report is the first to demonstrate the effects of a recombinant human lactoferrin (10 μg/mL) on human PBMC derived CD14+ and CD16+ macrophages stimulated with a strong (LPS, 10 ng/mL) or weaker (BCG, MOI 1:1) stimulator of inflammation. After 3 days culture, LPS and human lactoferrin treated CD14+ cells significantly increased production of IL-10, IL-6, and MCP-1 compared to the LPS only group. In contrast, similarly treated CD16+ macrophages increased production of IL-12p40 and IL-10 and decreased TNF-α. Limited changes were observed in BCG stimulated CD14+ and CD16+ macrophages with and without lactoferrin. Analysis of surface expression of antigen presentation and co-stimulatory molecules demonstrated that CD14+ macrophages, when stimulated with BCG or LPS and cultured with lactoferrin, increased expression of CD86. CD16+ macrophages treated with lactoferrin showed a similar trend of increase in CD86 expression, but only when stimulated with BCG.
Inside China’s automobile factories: the politics of labor and worker resistance

The 2010 Honda strike in the Guangdong province that eventually led to a stoppage of Honda production in China seemed to have surprised the world. Contrary to many, Lu Zhang does not see the lack o...
Homocysteine Editing, Thioester Chemistry, Coenzyme A, and the Origin of Coded Peptide Synthesis †.

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) have evolved “quality control” mechanisms which prevent tRNA aminoacylation with non-protein amino acids, such as homocysteine, homoserine, and ornithine, and thus their access to the Genetic Code. Of the ten AARSs that possess editing function, five edit homocysteine: Class I MetRS, ValRS, IleRS, LeuRS, and Class II LysRS. Studies of their editing function reveal that catalytic modules of these AARSs have a thiol-binding site that confers the ability to catalyze the aminoacylation of coenzyme A, pantetheine, and other thiols. Other AARSs also catalyze aminoacyl-thioester synthesis. Amino acid selectivity of AARSs in the aminoacyl thioesters formation reaction is relaxed, characteristic of primitive amino acid activation systems that may have originated in the Thioester World. With homocysteine and cysteine as thiol substrates, AARSs support peptide bond synthesis. Evolutionary origin of these activities is revealed by genomic comparisons, which show that AARSs are structurally related to proteins involved in coenzyme A/sulfur metabolism and non-coded peptide bond synthesis. These findings suggest that the extant AARSs descended from ancestral forms that were involved in non-coded Thioester-dependent peptide synthesis, functionally similar to the present-day non-ribosomal peptide synthetases.
The Physical–Digital Divide: Exploring the Social Gap Between Digital Natives and Physical Natives:

Older adults are the most digitally divided demographic group. The present study explores how older adults perceive the physical use of information and communication technologies (ICTs), particularly across generations and contexts. Data for the present study come from nine focus groups. Seniors acknowledge that ICTs help them connect with geographically distant social ties, but that they lead to feelings of disconnection with geographically close social ties. We label this phenomenon the "physical-digital divide," which exists when a group feels ostracized or offended when those around them engage with ICTs while they themselves are not or cannot engage with ICTs. Younger generations are often referred to as "digital natives" and older generations as "digital immigrants." A more apt label for older adults may be "physical natives," as their preferred method of communication involves physical face-to-face interactions and traditional codes of etiquette. Suggestions are made for reducing the physical-digital divide.
Navigating a Maze using a Quantum Annealer

Quantum annealers exploit quantum effects in an attempt to minimize a classical Hamiltonian function with a higher likelihood of reaching optimality than can be expected from simulated annealing. The key programming challenge is how to express algorithms in terms of the specific Hamiltonian supported by the quantum-annealing hardware. In this paper, we present an algorithm for finding the shortest path through a maze not via a traditional backtracking mechanism but rather by expressing the shortest path as the globally optimal value of a Hamiltonian.
Semi-transparent foldable supercapacitor for 3D structured energy storage devices

We report on the fabrication and testing of a semitransparent foldable supercapacitor for applications in 3D structured energy storage devices for the first time. With a facile papermaking method, we fabricate a 50 μm-thick veil of randomly dispersed 7 μm-in diameter carbon fibers for usage as semi-transparent foldable electrodes. We experimentally show that supercapacitors with such electrodes can be cut and folded into 3D structures with 95% capacitive retention rate over 10,000 charge cycles. By lighting up a light-emitting diode (LED) with a supercapacitor folded into a 3D structured freestanding origami crane, we demonstrate a new class of energy storage devices to broaden the range of geometries and application possibilities in various wearable electronics.
DSA's Religion and Socialism Commission: A Social Movement Analysis:

This article examines religious socialism as an American social movement. It focuses on the most recent iteration of this tradition, the Religion and Socialism Commission, formed in the 1970s as a ...
Nucleosomes and Transcription

Nucleosomes and the chromatin structures they assemble provide the architectural foundation for the transcription process. Components of the eukaryotic transcriptional machinery share common structural features with the histones and high mobility group (HMG) proteins (Grosschedl et al. 1994; Wolffe and Pruss 1996a). Other transcription factors have enzymatic activities that modify histones (Brownell et al. 1996; Taunton et al. 1996). In spite of these advances, we have much to learn about the exact properties of chromatin that contribute to transcriptional regulation. This chapter describes our progress towards the structural and functional characterization of nucleosomes that are assembled so as to contain defined DNA sequences. These positioned nucleosomes offer insight into the recognition of specific DNA sequences by the transcriptional machinery and how this might be modulated by regulated transitions in histone chemistry and nucleosomal composition.
Release of n–3 and n–6 Fatty Acids from Glycerophospholipids in Brain

Fatty acids are key constituents of glycerophospholipids, which formthe backbone of neural membranes. Neural membranes are complex, heterogeneous, highly interactive, and cooperative system of lipids and proteins that performs many important functions (Farooqui and Horrocks, 2007; Farooqui, 2009). Fatty acids are classified into essential and non-essential fatty acids. Essential fatty acids cannot be synthesized in human body and therefore have to be supplied by diet. Examples of essential fatty acids are n–6 (LA and ARA) and n–3 (EPA and DHA) fatty acids. In contrast, non-essential fatty acids can be synthesized by the human body. Example of non-essential fatty acid is n–9 (oleic acid) acid. The n–3 and n–6 fatty acids are of particular nutritional importance for humans. The n–3 fatty acids are enriched in fish, fish oil, and krill oil. These fatty acids are also found in green vegetables, sea algae, and shellfish. In contrast, n–6 fatty acids are mainly found in vegetable oils, processed food, and corn-fed animal meat.
A New Era for Safety Regulation

This chapter proposes a new and improved strategy for safety regulation. One that would overcome the problems with the current method of regulation. In defining a new strategy, one must first ask what is the ultimate objective? Excluding concerns about customer rationality, the main objective for deploying safety regulation in the railroad industry is to counter myopia. Myopia may stem from inexperience or from unscrupulous intent. The two causes of myopia call for quite different responses by the government. Safety regulations will therefore have to comprise both an educational system to ensure that new inexperienced railroads do not select lower levels of safety than they should, and a delinquency system to identify and punish railroads who are engaging in unscrupulous myopic behavior.
The crisis of American military assistance: strategic dithering and Fabergé Egg armies

The United States has provided substantial amounts of military assistance and aid since the end of World War Two. During the Cold War, it proved vital in protecting numerous regimes from communist ...
Uncemented fixation of a monoblock ingrowth polyethylene glenoid: early follow-up.

Background Traditional monoblock pegged glenoid components are implanted with cement, increasing operative time and potentially violating more bone than those inserted without cement. We study the early radiographic loosening and reoperation rate following uncemented fixation of a hybrid cage monoblock polyethylene glenoid component. Methods Between 2013 and 2015, a total of 51 shoulders underwent anatomic shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) using a hybrid ingrowth cage polyethylene glenoid component by a single surgeon, with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. In all cases, the glenoid component was placed without cement. Mean follow-up was 33 months (range, 24-57). The primary outcome was Lazarus scale–assessed radiographic loosening. Secondary outcomes included reoperation, range of motion (ROM), and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Results Twelve glenoid components (24%) had radiolucent lines. Glenoid lines were rated grade 1, grade 2, and grade 5 (6, 4, and 2 shoulders, respectively). Six shoulders (12%) had humeral lucent lines. Two shoulders (4%) underwent reoperation, only 1 of these occurring due to isolated failure of the glenoid component. As a group, mean ROM and PROMs improved significantly compared with preoperative values and exceeded the minimal clinically important difference. Conclusion Glenoid loosening remains a major concern at mid- to long-term follow-up of TSA. Placement of this hybrid cage monoblock polyethylene glenoid component in a completely uncemented fashion does not lead to early clinical loosening, after which bony ingrowth into the central cage can be expected. Uncemented fixation of this hybrid cage component appears to be a safe treatment option for patients undergoing primary TSA.
Modeling effects of DO and SRT on activated sludge decay and production

The effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) on the endogenous decay of active heterotrophic biomass and the hydrolysis of cell debris were studied. With the inclusion of a hydrolysis process for the cell debris, mathematical models that are capable of quantifying the effects of DO and sludge retention time (SRT) on concentrations of active biomass and cell debris in activated sludge are presented. By modeling the biomass cultivated with unlimited DO, the values of endogenous decay coefficient for heterotrophic biomass, the hydrolysis constant of cell debris, and the fraction of decayed biomass that became cell debris were determined to be 0.38 d(-1), 0.013 d(-1), and 0.28, respectively. Results from modeling the biomass cultivated under different DO conditions suggested that the experimental low DO (∼0.2 mg/L) did not inhibit the endogenous decay of heterotrophic biomass, but significantly inhibited the hydrolysis of cell debris with a half-velocity constant value of 2.1 mg/L. Therefore, the increase in sludge production with low DO was mainly contributed by cell debris rather than the active heterotrophic biomass. Maximizing sludge production during aerobic wastewater treatment could reduce aeration energy consumption and improve biogas energy recovery potential.
An orthopedic manual physical therapy fellowship training's impact on professional development, involvement, personal lives, and income - A survey study.

Introduction: Little research exists investigating the personal and professional outcomes of postprofessional physical therapy (PT) training. Therefore, the purpose of the current descriptive, web-...
Reconfigurable N-Path MEMS Filter Based on the Periodic Commutation of Single Frequency Resonators

We present for the first time a real-time reconfigurable MEMS filter microsystem that is able to exhibit bandpass (BP) or bandstop (BS) responses in the Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum. The unit cell of the reconfigurable filter consists of a Double-Pole, Double-Throw (DPDT) switch periodically modulating two Thin-Film Bulk-Acoustic Resonators (FBARs) on the same resonance frequency. Unlike traditonal FBAR ladder filters which involve higher fabrication complexity for multi-frequency FBARs on the same chip, we propose a novel system to acheive a sharp BS filteing response by periodically commutating multiple identical FBARs. Thanks to the excellent spectral selectivity of those resonators, sharp notches can be obtained in the same frequency range by reconfiguring the commutation frequency. Experimental results demonstrate a 30 dB rejection in BS mode and a 2.5 dB Insertion Loss (IL) in BP mode, within a bandwidth set by the modulation frequency (up to 3.6% of the RF signal frequency). In BP mode, the filter exhibits a more than 20 dB out-of-band rejection for a single stage.
8 – TOWARD A MORE APPROPRIATE CONCEPTUALIZATION OF RESEARCH ON SCHOOL EFFECTS: A THREE-LEVEL HIERARCHICAL LINEAR MODEL1

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the three level hierarchical linear model for more appropriate conceptualization of research on school effects. The fundamental phenomenon of interest in educational research is the growth in knowledge and skill of individual students. Research on school effects has a similar structure. The principal organizational unit at present is the school building, rather than the classroom, and the effects associated with the structural and normative characteristics of schools and their external environments are major research interests. The chapter also presents the hierarchical linear model. The statistical theory for the hierarchical linear model has developed out of several streams of methodological work. The title hierarchical linear model is preferred because it highlights a class of substantive problems that can be addressed through this approach. The problems of educational research typically have a nested structure—students within classrooms and time series observations within individuals.