cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clarifying and defending the endorsed life approach to surrogate decision-making

In our paper, we pointed to several problems, both practical and theoretical, with the Substituted Judgment Standard (SJS)—at least when the SJS is understood as literally requiring that surrogates always make the decision that the incompetent patient would have made, if competent.1 These problems show that the SJS, so implemented, does not respect patient autonomy. Others have considered these same problems and found them decisive, concluding that the SJS ought to be abandoned. In contrast, we argued that the SJS is best understood not in terms of replicating the decision that the patient would make if competent, but in terms of the standard's underlying purpose: respecting the patient's values and allowing them to continue, as nearly as possible, the sort of life they found worth living for themselves. We called this the Endorsed Life Approach. Understood in this way, the SJS neither consists in nor always requires asking what the patient would decide if competent, and so is not subject to the same challenges; it also offers a way to respect the autonomy of patients even after they have become incapacitated. We believe that this way of thinking about the standard is consistent with how the SJS is often understood and applied in practice. Dresser and Chan question whether our approach represents a significant departure from the standard interpretation of the SJS.2 ,3 Dresser notes that, given the messy realities of clinical practice, most surrogates and clinicians will respond to roughly the same concerns “no matter which interpretation of substituted judgment holds sway”. She concludes that “properly interpreted, the original formulation of substituted judgment is a justifiable and workable approach”. Chan claims that our Endorsed Life Approach does not “significantly differ from the standard interpretation” since, in implementing the standard interpretation, the surrogate must take into account …
How leading companies practice software development and delivery to achieve a competitive edge

Purpose – Increasingly companies recognize that effective and rapid software development – from ideation to delivery – is crucial to achieving competitiveness. This article looks at how leading companies are establishing an enterprise capability for accelerated software delivery to differentiate themselves in the market. Design/methodology/approach – This research looks at how leading software organizations focus on software investments that efficiently and speedily deliver marketplace results. Findings – Successful companies build comprehensive skills in Agile and lean software development methods and for fostering extensive collaboration among business users, IT professionals and customers throughout the software development and delivery lifecycle. Practical implications – Advanced organizations are more likely to apply more mature development practices, such as service-oriented architecture (SOA) and Agile iterative development methods. Originality/value – Advanced organizations collaborate much more with customers and business partners to improve software development outcomes.
Germanium Alloyed Kesterite Solar Cells with Low Voltage Deficits

It has previously been shown that substitution of germanium for tin in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 provides a means to change the band gap. Here, we show that Ge substitution can also be used to improve carrier collection and decrease the open-circuit voltage deficit that has hindered kesterites. Using a simple molecular ink, we spray coat continuous composition gradients of Cu2Zn(Sn,Ge)(S,Se)4 spanning 0–90% Ge/(Ge + Sn). By mapping the absolute intensity photoluminescence and making devices from these gradients, we are able to clearly resolve changes in material properties and device performance with composition. We find that Ge can be used to increase the band gap as high as 1.3 eV (50% Ge/(Ge + Sn)) without any loss in optoelectronic material quality, but beyond 50% Ge/(Ge + Sn), the device efficiency decreases rapidly. We show evidence that the degradation results from both a deep defect located about 0.8 eV above the valence band and unfavorable band alignment. As the band gap increases, the defect moves toward ...
Microscopic Study of Atomic Layer Deposition of TiO2 on GaAs and Its Photocatalytic Application

We report a microscopic study of p-GaAs/TiO2 heterojunctions using cross-sectional high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The photocatalytic performance for both H2 evolution and CO2 reduction of these heterostructures shows a very strong dependence on the thickness of the TiO2 over the range of 0–15 nm. Thinner films (1–10 nm) are amorphous and show enhanced catalytic performance with respect to bare GaAs. HRTEM images and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) maps show that the native oxide of GaAs is removed by the TiCl4 atomic layer deposition (ALD) precursor, which is corrosive. Ti3+ defect states (i.e., O vacancies) in the TiO2 film provide catalytically active sites, which improve the photocatalytic efficiency. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that water molecules and CO2 molecules bind stably to these Ti3+ states. Thicker TiO2 films (15 nm) are crystalline and have poor charge transfer due to their insulating nature, while thinner amorphous TiO2 films are con...
Transamination in Aedes aegypti.

Homogenates of the larvae and adults of Aedes aegypti (L.) exhibited transamination activity in the presence of the amino acids, aspartic acid, valine, glutamine and asparagine, and the keto acids, α-keto-glutaric acid and oxalacetic acid. The highest activity was expressed by aspartate-glutamate transaminase, and was comparable to that found in rat liver. But in contrast to rat liver, neither the larval nor adult mosquitoes revealed any significant transamination involving alanine. Preincubation with glutathione or DDT failed to elicit this reaction and did not affect other transaminases. Larval homogenates, on dialysis, retained approximately three-quarters of the aspartate-glutamate transaminase activity which was restored to the maximum value on addition of pyridoxal phosphate. The DDT-susceptible and DDT-resistant strains of A. aegypti larvae were similar with respect to the activities and relative concentrations of the transaminases tested.
Effects of Multiple Auditory Alerts for in-Vehicle Information Systems on Driver Attitudes and Performance:

In-vehicle information systems might introduce a variety of sounds to alert drivers to situations ranging from imminent collisions to the arrival of email. This study examined the effects of auditory alerts on driver performance and attitudes. Sixteen participants drove eight driving scenarios over a period of two days in which they were exposed to email alerts and collision avoidance warnings. In each scenario, four email alert tones sounded, one occurring 300 ms before a collision avoidance tone. Two collision avoidance tones sounded in each scenario, one associated with a braking lead vehicle and the other a false alarm. The results show that annoyance is an important sound characteristic that can affect workload. The results also indicate that urgency is a sound characteristic that affects driving performance. In addition, the strong effect of sound parameters on annoyance suggest that Edworthy's urgency mapping principle should be complemented by an annoyance tradeoff principle.
Relationship of PhIP metabolism and DNA binding to cancer susceptibility

CN04-03 >Epidemiologic evidence from numerous studies indicates that exposure to heterocyclic amines in the diet is an important risk factor for the development of colon cancer. Well-done cooked meats contain significant levels of heterocyclic amines, which have been shown to cause cancer at multiple sites in laboratory animals. To better understand the mechanisms of heterocyclic amine bioactivation in humans, the most mass abundant heterocyclic amine, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b ]pyridine (PhIP), was used to assess the relationship between PhIP metabolism and DNA adduct formation. Ten human volunteers where administered a dietary relevant dose of [14C]PhIP 48 to 72 hours prior to surgery for removal of colon tumors. Urine was collected for 24 hours after dosing for metabolite analysis, and DNA was extracted from biopsied colon tissue and analyzed by accelerator mass spectrometry for DNA adducts. All 10 subjects were phenotyped for cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2), N-acetyltransferase 2, and sulfotransferase 1A1 enzyme activity. Twelve PhIP metabolites were detected in the urine samples. The most abundant metabolite in all volunteers was N-hydroxy-PhIP-N2-glucuronide. Not surprisingly, metabolite levels varied significantly between the volunteers. Interindividual differences in colon DNA adducts levels were observed between each individual. The data clearly showed that individuals with a rapid CYP1A2 phenotype and high levels of urinary N-hydroxy-PhIP-N2-glucuronide had the lowest level of colon PhIP-DNA adducts. This suggests that glucuronidation plays a significant role in detoxifying N-hydroxy-PhIP. The levels of urinary N-hydroxy-PhIP-N2-glucuronide were negatively correlated to colon DNA adduct levels. Although it is difficult to make definite conclusions from a small data set, the results from this pilot study have encouraged further investigations using a much larger study group. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(21): 10541-7). (Work supported by National Cancer Institute grants CA55861, CA55751, CA58697; Environmental Protection Agency grant R825280; and U.S. Army grant MM4559FLB and RR13461. This work was done under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract no. W-7405- ENG-48.)
Angelina and Sarah Grimké

While organizing the upcoming convention of antislavery women, the sisters urged their African American friends to attend the meeting, noting the harsh truth that racial prejudice would make the meeting difficult for them, but encouraging them to believe that the benefits of their presence would outweigh the pain. Angelina hoped African American delegates would help draft documents related to their race. Sarah Grimke asked Sarah Douglass to help her understand the effects of racial prejudice. Sarah and Grace Douglass did attend the 1837 Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women in New York City, Grace serving as a vice president and Sarah serving on the Committee of Arrangements.
Economic Analysis of 65 mph Speed Limits on Rural Highways

Speed management has been a long-standing concern of transportation agencies. Recently, nationwide speed limit policy modifications have resulted in a general upward trend in many states. In Michigan, legislation was proposed to raise the maximum speed limits on state-owned, rural, nonfreeway highways from 55 to 65 mph. In response to this proposed speed limit policy change, research was performed to assess the associated economic impacts through the use of benefit–cost analysis. Several potential implementation scenarios of the proposed speed limit policy were investigated; these included a limited subset of roadways with favorable geometry and full statewide implementation. A primary research task was to estimate the costs for infrastructure upgrades necessary to achieve compliance with state and federal design speed requirements for the cohort of roadways included within each 65 mph implementation scenario. User benefits and disbenefits associated with the proposed speed limit increase also were estima...
Effect of Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programming on Cardiometabolic Health Markers in Children From Low-Income Schools

Background:The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a 36-week Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program (CSPAP) on cardiometabolic health markers in children from low-income schools.Methods:Participants were 217 school-aged children (mean age = 10.1 ± 1.1 years; 114 girls, 103 boys) recruited from 5 low-income elementary schools. Cardiometabolic health markers were collected in a fasted state at 2 time-points, before commencement of the CSPAP for classroom and school level clustering and the modifying effects of grade level and sex, there were statistically significant improvements in HDL cholesterol (Δ = 3.6 mg/dL, 95% CI: 1.4 mg/dL to 5.8 mg/dL, P = .039), triglycerides (Δ = –14.1 mg/dL, 95% CI: –21.4 mg/dL to –6.8 mg/dL, P = .022), and mean arterial pressure (Δ = –4.3 mmHg, 95% CI: –8.5 mmHg to –0.1 mmHg, P = .041) following the 36-week CSPAP intervention. Sixth-grade children showed decreases in LDL cholesterol (Δ = –15.3 mg/dL, 95% CI: –30.5 mg/dL to –0.1 mg/dL, P = .033).Conclusio...
Deep convolutional neural network and 3D deformable approach for tissue segmentation in musculoskeletal magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose To describe and evaluate a new fully automated musculoskeletal tissue segmentation method using deep convolutional neural network (CNN) and three-dimensional (3D) simplex deformable modeling to improve the accuracy and efficiency of cartilage and bone segmentation within the knee joint. Methods A fully automated segmentation pipeline was built by combining a semantic segmentation CNN and 3D simplex deformable modeling. A CNN technique called SegNet was applied as the core of the segmentation method to perform high resolution pixel-wise multi-class tissue classification. The 3D simplex deformable modeling refined the output from SegNet to preserve the overall shape and maintain a desirable smooth surface for musculoskeletal structure. The fully automated segmentation method was tested using a publicly available knee image data set to compare with currently used state-of-the-art segmentation methods. The fully automated method was also evaluated on two different data sets, which include morphological and quantitative MR images with different tissue contrasts. Results The proposed fully automated segmentation method provided good segmentation performance with segmentation accuracy superior to most of state-of-the-art methods in the publicly available knee image data set. The method also demonstrated versatile segmentation performance on both morphological and quantitative musculoskeletal MR images with different tissue contrasts and spatial resolutions. Conclusion The study demonstrates that the combined CNN and 3D deformable modeling approach is useful for performing rapid and accurate cartilage and bone segmentation within the knee joint. The CNN has promising potential applications in musculoskeletal imaging. Magn Reson Med, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Mineral Changes, Element Mobility, and Fluids Associated with Deep Shearing in the Mount Helen Structural Belt, Wyoming, USA

The Mount Helen Structural Belt, located in the Wind River Mountains, Wyoming, formed during high temperature ductile deformation at about 2.7 to 2.8 Ga. Rock types within the structural belt are dominated by mylonitic orthogneiss which anastomoses around boudins of relatively undeformed orthogneiss. Changes in petrology, chemistry, and fluid inclusions were studied at orthogneiss — mylonitic gneiss transitions. Deformation occurred at approximately 7000 C and 4.5 to 5.0 kb. At these P-T conditions the dominant petrological change was physical grain size reduction by ductile processes. No major mineral reactions accompanied shearing and the mineralogy of both orthogneiss and mylonitic gneiss remained basically unchanged. Fluid inclusions within the mylonitic gneiss contain saline brines while inclusions in the relatively undeformed orthogneiss are CO2 rich. No systematic major element redistribution can be attributed to shearing in the Mt. Helen Structural Belt. Local modification of trace element chemistry is related to minor changes in accessory mineralogy related to the formation of sphene. High temperature ductile deformation in the presence of aqueous brines is not a sufficient mechanism to modify the chemistry of the deep crust when major mineral reactions are absent.
Laparoscopic-guided abdominal wall nerve blocks in the pediatric population: a novel technique with comparison to ultrasound-guided blocks and local wound infiltration alone.

Abstract Background Abdominal wall nerve blocks have been gaining popularity for the treatment of perioperative pain in children. Our aim was to compare a technique of surgeon-performed, laparoscopic abdominal wall nerve blocks to anesthesia-placed, ultrasound-guided abdominal wall nerve blocks and the current standard of local wound infiltration. Methods After institutional review board approval was obtained, a retrospective chart review was performed of pediatric patients treated at a single institution during a 2-year period. Statistics were calculated using analysis of variance with post-hoc Bonferonni t tests for pair-wise comparisons. Results Included in this study were 380 patients who received ultrasound-guided abdominal wall nerve blocks (n = 125), laparoscopic-guided abdominal wall nerve blocks (n = 88), and local wound infiltration (n = 117). Groups were well matched for age, sex, and weight. There was no significant difference in pain scores within the first 8 hours or narcotic usage between groups. Local wound infiltration demonstrated the shortest overall time required to perform (P Conclusion Our study has demonstrated that laparoscopic-guided abdominal wall nerve blocks show similar efficacy to ultrasound-guided nerve blocks performed by pain management physicians without increasing time in the operating room.
Excelsior-Henderson motorcycles: Could lean start-up methodology have averted a $100-million Mistake?

This case applies the recently proposed lean start-up methodology to the failed Excelsior-Henderson Motorcycle Manufacturing Company. Company founder Dan Hanlon and his family pursued a dream to st...
Notes on Divisors Computing MLD’s and LCT’s

This note discusses results presented at the 2016 meeting “Workshop on Positivity and Valuations” at Centre de Recerca Matematica. Much of the content discussed below appears in Blum (On divisors computing mld’s and lct’s, 2016, [1]) with further details.
A tunable dielectric to improve electrostatic adhesion in electrostatic/microstructured adhesives

Abstract This paper introduces a method to improve the electrostatic adhesion force of an electrostatic/microstructured (gecko-like) adhesive using a tunable dielectric layer doped with a highly polarizable material, Copper(II) Phthalocyanine. The dopant increases the relative permittivity of the base elastomer by more than two times. Numerical simulations demonstrate that increasing the dielectric's relative permittivity increases the electroadhesion force, and experimental results verify this by showing that adhesion of a flat (non-microstructured) sample can be improved up to four times. Adding microstructured adhesive elements on top of the doped layer yields a 2x improvement on a variety of materials.
Miniaturized Biotrickling Filters and Capillary Microbioreactors for Process Intensification of VOC Treatment with Intended Application to Indoor Air

Typical biofilters and biotrickling filters used for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) control have treatment rates limited to 30–200 g m–3 h–1, mostly because they are exposed to dilute VOC stream...
Simulation of Neurological Emergencies for Milestones-Based Learning and Assessment (P2.357)

OBJECTIVE: The purposes of our study were to assess the effectiveness of a neurology simulation curriculum in increasing resident comfort in the management of neurological emergencies, and to evaluate the reliability of simulation in assessing resident competency based on the ACGME Neurology Milestones. BACKGROUND: Simulation provides an opportunity for residency programs to support residents in achieving comfort in the management of neurological emergencies while allowing for direct observation and assessment. To our knowledge, there are no publications that specifically address the ability of simulation to assess resident competency based on the Neurology Milestones. DESIGN/METHODS: We developed two scenarios of common neurological emergencies: status epilepticus (SE) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Residents participated in both simulations within the first two months of their PGY-2 year. Residents completed pre- and post-simulation surveys including questions about level of comfort managing neurological emergencies, based on a 5-point Likert scale. Neurology faculty members assessed resident performance using milestones-based assessment tools. RESULTS: Eight residents participated. Residents reported statistically significant increased comfort levels following the simulation with obtaining a history (AIS mean pre 3.31, mean post 4.38, p=0.017; SE mean pre 2.5, mean post 3.5, p= 0.051), ordering IV TPA (AIS mean pre: 2.25, mean post 3.25, p=0.043), examination skills (SE mean pre 2.5, mean post 3.5, p= 0.051) and choosing anti-epileptic drugs (SE mean pre 1.88, mean post 3.38 p=0.008). The mean subcompetency scores ranged from 1.9 to 2.2 for AIS, and 1.6 to 2.1 for SE. Mean inter-rater differences in assessment of sub-competencies ranged from 0.14 to 0.94 points on the 5-point Milestones scale, and 94[percnt] of all ratings differed by one point or less between observers. CONCLUSIONS: Simulations of neurological emergencies can increase resident comfort in several aspects of care and can be used to reliably assess resident competence based on the Neurology Milestones. Disclosure: Dr. Loomis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Robeson has nothing to disclose. Dr. DiCapua has received personal compensation for activities as a consultant. Dr. Dodge has nothing to disclose. Dr. Evans has nothing to disclose. Dr. Moadel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cruz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Moeller has nothing to disclose.
Professor Jim Gordon's Week

This case is a brief diary of a week in the life of a tenured associate professor at a major business school. The week is in September, when the semester is spinning up to full speed. Although there is no decision to be made, the case raises issues of stress management, lifestyle choices, priorities, family relationships, personal health, and related topics. Excerpt UVA-PHA-0024 Rev. Apr. 10, 2013 PROFESSOR JIM GORDON'S WEEK Jim Gordon was an associate professor of organizational behavior at a major business school. He had received his doctorate from another major business school seven years prior and had taught there before moving to his present institution four years ago. Recently he was granted tenure at the school. This case provides a week-long, self-reported diary of Gordon's activities during the first week of school in the fall. His school admitted more than 200 MBA students each fall to a two-year residential program. Gordon had a wife and three children. He stood 6'1”, weighed 205 pounds, and considered himself reasonably active, although 20 pounds overweight. A recent physical showed him to be in excellent physical condition, with normal total cholesterol (201), 20% body fat, 131 mg triglycerides, and blood pressure of 116/82. Monday, September 8 . . .
Genomics and molecular mechanisms of high grade serous ovarian cancer: the 12th Biennial Rivkin Center Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium.

Objective The aim of this study was to review current research efforts in genomics and molecular mechanisms of high grade serous ovarian cancer, presented at the 12th Biennial Rivkin Center Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium, held at the University of Washington. Methods The 12th Biennial Rivkin Center Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium brought together leaders in the field to discuss recent advances in ovarian cancer research and therapy. Results The genomics and molecular mechanisms of ovarian cancer session featured invited speaker presentations by Dr Alan D’ Andrea on ‘Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair in ovarian cancer’ and Dr Kathleen Cho on ‘Modeling the genomics of high grade serous carcinoma in the mouse’. Eight additional oral presentations and 46 poster presentations were selected from the submitted abstracts that highlighted current research efforts in p53, DNA repair, genomic instability and modeling disease in mice, and organoids in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Conclusions New technologies utilizing clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (CAS9) approaches in mice, organoids, and cell based screens continue to advance our knowledge of key molecular drivers of ovarian cancer initiation, progression, and drug resistance. Improved understanding of the mechanisms of poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitor resistance may lead to new therapeutic strategies to enhance outcomes in women with high grade serous ovarian cancer.
Fully covered self-expanding metal stents for refractory pancreatic duct strictures in symptomatic chronic pancreatitis, US experience

Background and study aims Fully covered self-expanding metal stents (FCSEMS) have been used to treat refractory pancreatic duct strictures. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of FCSEMS in chronic pancreatitis with refractory pancreatic duct strictures. Patients and methods This was a retrospective multicenter cases series of patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with FCSEMS placement in the main pancreatic duct (MPD) at five tertiary care centers between February 2010 and June 2016. Primary endpoints were technical success, clinical success, and procedure-related morbidity. Secondary endpoints were pain relief at the end of follow-up and resolution of the pancreatic stricture on ERCP. Results Thirty-three patients with previously drained stents, 76 % of whom were male, underwent ERCP with FCSEMS placement. Mean duration of follow-up was 14 months. All of the patients had prior therapy. The technical success rate for FCSEMS placement was 100 % (n = 33) and the clinical success rate was 93 % (was n = 31). Stents were removed after a median duration of 14.4 weeks. After stent removal, the diameter of the narrowest MPD stricture had increased significantly from 1 mm to 4.5 mm (P Conclusion FCSEMS appeared to be a feasible, safe, and potentially effective Intervention in patients who had not responded to endoscopic therapy with plastic stents.
Differences in Distress Intolerance Among Daily and Intermittent Smokers.

Introduction Distress intolerance is an important risk factor for smokers. Smokers have greater problems tolerating distress than nonsmokers, and distress intolerance is theoretically an important predictor of early lapse. However, much of the distress intolerance research has been conducted on daily smokers. Understanding distress intolerance in nondaily or intermittent smokers may help elucidate whether distress intolerance is a function of current smoking habits. Aims and methods Daily (n = 36) and intermittent (n = 28) smokers completed behavioral distress intolerance tasks (breath holding, mirror tracing persistence, and image persistence) along with self-report measures of both general and smoking-specific distress intolerance. They also completed 1 week of ecological momentary assessment where positive and negative affect were assessed along with momentary distress intolerance, at both random times (7×/day) and immediately prior to smoking a cigarette. Results Results found no differences between intermittent and daily smokers on behavioral distress intolerance tasks or general self-reported distress intolerance. Daily smokers reported greater self-reported smoking-specific distress intolerance compared to intermittent smokers. In addition, across both smoker groups, momentary distress intolerance was higher at smoking compared to random sessions, and low positive affect predicted greater momentary distress intolerance specifically for intermittent smokers prior to smoking. Conclusions The lack of differences between daily and intermittent smokers on general distress intolerance measures suggests that distress intolerance abilities and self-perceptions are not a function of higher levels of current smoking. However, the contextual variation in momentary distress intolerance is worth further exploration in both daily and intermittent smokers. Implications The overall lack of differences between intermittent and daily smokers on distress intolerance tasks and self-report measures suggests that daily smoking is not associated with lower abilities to manage or tolerate distress at the individual difference level. However, understanding fluctuations in distress intolerance across time and context is crucial, as smokers' perceptions of their abilities to manage distress shift based on affect and smoking contexts. Stabilizing or increasing self-efficacy in tolerating distress during daily life is likely an important avenue for future research.
Serosurvey on healthcare personnel caring for patients with Ebola virus disease and Lassa virus in the United States.

Objective Healthcare personnel (HCP) were recruited to provide serum samples, which were tested for antibodies against Ebola or Lassa virus to evaluate for asymptomatic seroconversion. Setting From 2014 to 2016, 4 patients with Ebola virus disease (EVD) and 1 patient with Lassa fever (LF) were treated in the Serious Communicable Diseases Unit (SCDU) at Emory University Hospital. Strict infection control and clinical biosafety practices were implemented to prevent nosocomial transmission of EVD or LF to HCP. Participants All personnel who entered the SCDU who were required to measure their temperatures and complete a symptom questionnaire twice daily were eligible. Results No employee developed symptomatic EVD or LF. EVD and LF antibody studies were performed on sera samples from 42 HCP. The 6 participants who had received investigational vaccination with a chimpanzee adenovirus type 3 vectored Ebola glycoprotein vaccine had high antibody titers to Ebola glycoprotein, but none had a response to Ebola nucleoprotein or VP40, or a response to LF antigens. Conclusions Patients infected with filoviruses and arenaviruses can be managed successfully without causing occupation-related symptomatic or asymptomatic infections. Meticulous attention to infection control and clinical biosafety practices by highly motivated, trained staff is critical to the safe care of patients with an infection from a special pathogen.
Facilitated Transport Membranes With Ionic Liquids for CO2 Separations

In recent years, significant development milestones have been reached in the areas of facilitated transport membranes and ionic liquids for CO2 separations; making the combination of these materials an incredibly promising technology platform for gas treatment processes, such as post-combustion and direct CO2 capture from air in buildings, submarines, and spacecrafts. The developments in facilitated transport membranes involve consistently surpassing the Robeson upper bound for dense polymer membranes, demonstrating a high CO2 flux across the membrane while maintaining very high selectivity. This mini review focuses on the recent developments of facilitated transport membranes, in particular discussing the challenges and opportunities associated with the incorporation of ionic liquids as fixed and mobile-carriers for separations of CO2 at low partial pressures (< 1 atm).
Does Geographic Proximity Change the Passiveness of Institutional Investors

We provide new evidence that highlights the effect of geographic proximity on the role institutional investors play by showing that, while bank trusts are passive with distant firms, they are non-passive with local firms and reduce their risk-taking. We find that concentrated local bank trust ownership is associated with (1) lower future firm equity beta and (2) less uncertain corporate policies. The negative relation between local bank trust ownership and future firm beta is both statistically and economically significant. The results are robust to various tests for endogeneity. This study also explores the channels through which local bank trusts could exert their influence, including their stabilizing function during crisis periods and joining force with local independent directors.
Creating an X Window Terminal-Based Information Technology Center.

The last decade has seen a dramatic jump in the amount of online electronic resources available to library patrons. With this change has come the need for libraries to create environments for providing access to this text and graphical information. The experiences of the University of Oregon Science Library's Information Technology Center may help other academic libraries as they plan for, and customize, high‐end workstations to meet user needs. This paper explores how SLITC could aid in this.
Role of Brain Arterial Remodeling in HIV-Associated Cerebrovascular Outcomes

As the life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH) on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) increases, so does morbidity from cerebrovascular disease and neurocognitive disorders. Brain arterial remodeling stands out as a novel investigational target to understand the role of HIV in cerebrovascular and neurocognitive outcomes. We therefore conducted a review of publications in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Wiley Online Library, from inception to April 2021. We included search terms such as HIV, cART, brain, neuroimmunity, arterial remodeling, cerebrovascular disease, and neurocognitive disorders. The literature shows that, in the post-cART era, PLWH continue to experience an increased risk of stroke and neurocognitive disorders (albeit milder forms) compared to uninfected populations. PLWH who are immunosuppressed have a higher proportion of hemorrhagic strokes and strokes caused by opportunistic infection and HIV vasculopathy, while PLWH on long-term cART have higher rates of ischemic strokes, compared to HIV-seronegative controls. Brain large artery atherosclerosis in PLWH is associated with lower CD4 nadir and higher CD4 count during the stroke event. HIV vasculopathy, a form of non-atherosclerotic outward remodeling, on the other hand, is associated with protracted immunosuppression. HIV vasculopathy was also linked to a thinner media layer and increased adventitial macrophages, suggestive of non-atherosclerotic degeneration of the brain arterial wall in the setting of chronic central nervous system inflammation. Cerebrovascular architecture seems to be differentially affected by HIV infection in successfully treated versus immunosuppressed PLWH. Brain large artery atherosclerosis is prevalent even with long-term immune reconstitution post-cART. HIV-associated changes in brain arterial walls may also relate to higher rates of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, although milder forms are more prevalent in the post-cART era. The underlying mechanisms of HIV-associated pathological arterial remodeling remain poorly understood, but a role has been proposed for chronic HIV-associated inflammation with increased burden on the vasculature. Neuroimaging may come to play a role in assessing brain arterial remodeling and stratifying cerebrovascular risk, but the data remains inconclusive. An improved understanding of the different phenotypes of brain arterial remodeling associated with HIV may reveal opportunities to reduce rates of cerebrovascular disease in the aging population of PLWH on cART.
Effects of two passive back-support exoskeletons on postural balance during quiet stance and functional limits of stability.

Abstract While occupational back-support exoskeletons (BSEs) are considered as potential workplace interventions, BSE use may compromise postural control. Thus, we investigated the effects of passive BSEs on postural balance during quiet upright stance and functional limits of stability. Twenty healthy adults completed trials of quiet upright stance with differing levels of difficulty (bipedal and unipedal stance; each with eyes open and closed), and executed maximal voluntary leans. Trials were done while wearing two different BSEs (SuitX™, Laevo™) and in a control (no-BSE) condition. BSE use significantly increased center-of-pressure (COP) median frequency and mean velocity during bipedal stance. In unipedal stance, using the Laevo™ was associated with a significant improvement in postural balance, especially among males, as indicated by smaller COP displacement and sway area, and a longer time to contact the stability boundary. BSE use may affect postural balance, through translation of the human + BSE center-of-mass, restricted motion, and added supportive torques. Furthermore, larger effects of BSEs on postural balance were evident among males. Future work should further investigate the gender-specificity of BSE effects on postural balance and consider the effects of BSEs on dynamic stability.
The Language of Word Meaning: Type Construction and the Logic of Concepts

Abstract I would like to pose a set of fundamental questions regarding the constraints we can place on the structure of our concepts, particularly as revealed through language. I will outline a methodology for the construction of ontological types based on the dual concerns of capturing linguistic generalizations and satisfying metaphysical considerations. I discuss what “kinds of things” there are, as reflected in the models of semantics we adopt for our linguistic theories. I argue that the flat and relatively homogeneous typing models coming out of classic Montague Grammar are grossly inadequate to the task of modeling and describing language and its meaning. I outline aspects of a semantic theory (Generative Lexicon) employing a ranking of types. I distinguish first between natural (simple) types and functional types, and then motivate the use of complex types (dot objects) to model objects with multiple and interdependent denotations. This approach will be called the Principle of Type Ordering . I will explore what the top lattice structures are within this model, and how these constructions relate to more classic issues in syntactic mapping from meaning. Language and Category Formation Since the early days of artificial intelligence, researchers have struggled to find a satisfactory definition for category or concept, one which both meets formal demands on soundness and completeness, and practical demands on relevance to real-world tasks of classification. One goal is usually sacrificed in the hope of achieving the other, where the results are muddled with good intentions but poor methodology.
Design of Customized Rehabilitation Aids

We present the component technologies that are essential for rapidly designing and producing customized rehabilitation aids for people with motor disabilities. We show that methods traditionally used in robotics and computer vision can be used to formulate and solve many of the problems that are encountered in automating this process.
A Review of “An introduction to sustainable transportation; Policy, planning and implementation”

The word “sustainable” has a positive image with most planners. But just what does it mean? For the authors, the term means meeting basic human needs in ways that do not degrade the environment or ...
Problems in shallow land disposal of solid low-level radioactive waste in the united states

Disposal of solid low-level wastes containing radionuclides by burial in shallow trenches was initiated during World War II at several sites as a method of protecting personnel from radiation and isolating the radionuclides from the hydrosphere and biosphere. Today, there are 11 principal shallow-land burial sites in the United States that contain a total of more than 1.4 million cubic meters of solid wastes contaminated with a wide variety of radionuclides. Criteria for burial sites have been few and generalized and have contained only minimal hydrogeologic considerations. Waste-management practices have included the burial of small quantities of long-lived radionuclides with large volumes of wastes contaminated with shorter-lived nuclides at the same site, thereby requiring an assurance of extremely long-time containment for the entire disposal site.
Linear Differential Algorithm for Motion Recovery: AGeometric Approach

The aim of this paper is to explore a linear geometric algorithm for recovering the three dimensional motion of a moving camera from image velocities. Generic similarities and differences between the discrete approach and the differential approach are clearly revealed through a parallel development of an analogous motion estimation theory previously explored in Vieville, T. and Faugeras, O.D. 1995. In Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 750–756s Zhuang, X. and Haralick, R.M. 1984. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications, pp. 366–375. We present a precise characterization of the space of differential essential matrices, which gives rise to a novel eigenvalue-decomposition-based 3D velocity estimation algorithm from the optical flow measurements. This algorithm gives a unique solution to the motion estimation problem and serves as a differential counterpart of the well-known SVD-based 3D displacement estimation algorithm for the discrete case. Since the proposed algorithm only involves linear algebra techniques, it may be used to provide a fast initial guess for more sophisticated nonlinear algorithms (Ma et al., 1998c. Electronic Research Laboratory Memorandum, UC Berkeley, UCB/ERL(M98/37)). Extensive simulation results are presented for evaluating the performance of our algorithm in terms of bias and sensitivity of the estimates with respect to different noise levels in image velocity measurements.
Making vendor-generated metadata work for archival collections using VRA and python

Although cataloging cultural resources requires a greater level of descriptive granularity than standard library materials, metadata for digital collections is often generated by non-specialists. This can lead to significant problems with metadata accuracy and consistency, causing breakdown of authority control, high incidence of false positives in searching, and impeded access to materials. The purpose of this poster is to illustrate a successful workflow for improving vendor-generated metadata for a large digital collection of archival materials by converting the metadata from the Dublin Core standard to the VRA standard using the scripting language Python.
Dual-band infrared imaging applications: locating buried minefields, mapping sea ice and inspecting aging aircraft

We discuss the use of dual-band infrared (DBIR) imaging for three quantitative NDE applications: location buried surrogate mines, mapping sea ice thicknesses and inspecting subsurface flaws in aging aircraft parts. Our system of DBIR imaging offers a unique combination of thermal resolution, detectability, and interpretability. Pioneered at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, it resolves 0.2 {degrees}C differences in surface temperatures needed to identify buried mine sites and distinguish them from surface features. It produces both surface temperature and emissivity-ratio images of sea ice, needed to accurately map ice thicknesses (e.g., by first removing clutter due to snow and surface roughness effects). The DBIR imaging technique depicts subsurface flaws in composite patches and lap joints of aircraft, thus providing a needed tool for aging aircraft inspections.
Tumor microenvironments, the immune system and cancer survival

The study of cancer immunology has recently been reinvigorated by the application of new research tools and technologies, as well as by refined bioinformatics methods for interpretation of complex datasets. Recent microarray analyses of lymphomas suggest that the prognosis of cancer patients is related to an interplay between cancer cells and their microenvironment, including the immune response.
The Epilog system-automated long-term EEG monitoring for epilepsy

Epilog, a Unix-based real-time operational support system for electroencephalogram (EEG) waveform acquisition, storage, analysis, display, and printing, is described. The system is designed to be used for diagnosis and surgical planning in a large epilepsy program. The implemented system has two monitoring units consisting of four rooms with their associated computer, video, and medical support systems. A central computer hub performs Epilog services for each unit. Each hub acquires and processes up to 256 channels of EEG 24 h per day, and serves as a control center for much of the automation in the unit. The EEG data structures and data flow used in Epilog are discussed. >
Reactivation of infant memory following crying-produced forgetting

Abstract Infants learned to move a mobile containing 10 objects and were shifted to a mobile containing 2 objects. This change produced crying in several infants. Infants received a retention test 7 days later with some exposed to a reactivation treatment (moving mobile) 24 hours prior. Criers who did not receive the reactivation treatment displayed forgetting. The reactivation treatment successfully alleviated criers' forgetting regardless of which mobile was used.
Annual Run Size and Genetic Characteristics of Atlantic Sturgeon in the Altamaha River, Georgia

Abstract Although the Altamaha River, Georgia, once supported one of the largest fisheries for Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus in U.S. waters, the fishery was closed in 1997 because of severe overfishing. Since then, no studies have been conducted and population trends have remained unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate annual run size and age structure of the spring spawning migration and to determine genetic relatedness between this population and other Georgia populations. In spring of 2004 and 2005, we sampled the annual spawning run of Atlantic sturgeon in the lower 30 km of the Altamaha River using large-mesh gill nets. Captured fish were marked with passive integrated transponder tags and released to facilitate a run estimate using a simple Schnabel mark-recapture estimator. Over the 2 years of the study, we captured 213 individuals, yielding mark-recapture run estimates of 324 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 143-667) in 2004 and 386 (95% CI = 216-787) in 2005. Catch curve ana...
Multidrug Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Potential New Therapeutics

In acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs), multidrug resistance (MDR) is frequently, but not always, caused by the MDR1 gene product, a 170- to 180-kDa glycoprotein known as P-glycoprotein (Pgp) or human MDR1 protein ( [1][1] ). It is characterized by broad resistance to several structurally, chemically,
Genetic and temperature coupling between sender and receiver in acoustic biocommunication systems

Abstract Male field crickets sing a species-specific calling song that attracts conspecific females for mating. Females must recognize the call of their own species and respond preferentially to it. Thus, communication requires the linkage between the output of a central pattern generator based motor system in the male and the auditory system of the female. In field crickets, communication through the calling song shows features of both genetic and temperature coupling. The implications of behavioral, genetic, and temperature coupling for the neural systems that underlie song production and song recognition are discussed