cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Digital subtraction MR angiography roadmapping for magnetic steerable catheter tracking

Purpose To develop a high temporal resolution MR imaging technique that could be employed with magnetically-assisted remote control (MARC) endovascular catheters.
Ensuring security and availability through model-based cross-layer adaptation

Situation- and resource-aware security is essential for the process control systems, composed of networked entities with sensors and actuators, that monitor and control the national critical infrastructure. However, security cannot be addressed at a single layer because of the inherent dependencies and tradeoffs among crosscutting concerns. Techniques applied at one layer to improve security affect security, timing, and power consumption at other layers. This paper argues for an integrated treatment of security across multiple layers of abstraction (application, middleware, operating system including network stack, and hardware). An important step in realizing this integrated treatment of situationand resource-aware security is first understanding the cross-layer interactions between security policies and then exploiting these interactions to design efficient adaptation strategies (i) to balance security, quality of service, and energy needs, and (ii) to maximize system availability. We propose a novel approach that employs a compositional method within an iterative tuning framework based on lightweight formal methods with dynamic adaptation.
The Emerging and Forecasted Effect of Climate Change on Human Health

Global warming is an unequivocal phenomenon today. Climate change including global warming has various effects on human health. The direct effects include increase in cases of heat-stroke and in mortality rate among those who have cardiovascular and and/or respiratory diseases. The main indirect effects are on infectious diseases. Vector-borne and water-borne infectious diseases are two main categories of infectious diseases that are forecasted to be most affected. There will be an increase in the number of vector-borne infections via expansion of the arthropod-infested areas, and increase in feeding behavior of infected mosquitoes. There will be increase in the number of cases with water-borne diarrhea diseases. It should, however, be noted that the levels of the impacts of climate change on human health will differ among regions, depending on factors such as social infrastructures, foreign trade and trip, age distribution, etc. Thus, the effects on health should be elucidated for each of the regions of the world. The studies of the effect of climate change on human health have been progressed in recent years; however, current understanding of the effect of climate change on human health including infectious diseases is not sufficient. Further studies are needed to understand in detail the effect of climate change on human health.
Photoexcitation spectroscopy of photoinduced electron transfer in conducting polymer-Buckminsterfullerene composites

relaxation associated with the formation of charged solitons is faster, and no indications ofphotoinduced charge transfer are observed.INTRODUCTIONWe have shown in previous work that various conducting polymer-C mixtures, withthe polymer as donor and Co as acceptor, undergo photoinduced charge transfer.1'2 Theelectron acceptor nature of C60 and the electron donator nature of conjugated polymersmake them a likely pair in which to study charge transfer reactions. The lattice relaxationand subsequent stabilization of the charged excitations at energies below the gap energy ofconjugated polymers helps to suppress the back charge transfer reaction. This enables us tostudy the charge separated states by excitation spectroscopy and light induced electron spin
Reading the Work of Elliot Eisner and the Idea of Reconceptualization in Curriculum Studies

Thinking over the drive to codify in curriculum studies, I speak to what it means to contextualize the work of Elliot Eisner within reconceptualization as both idea and movement. As an education sc...
Blood transfusions and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma subtypes and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Allogeneic blood transfusion has been suggested as a risk factor for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), possibly specific to certain NHL subtypes, or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Self-reported transfusion history and risk of NHL subtypes and CLL were examined in a cohort of 37,934 older Iowa women, using data from a questionnaire mailed in 1986. Through 1997, 229 cases of NHL and 57 cases of CLL in the cohort were identified through linkage to the Iowa Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Cancer Registry. Women who reported ever receiving a blood transfusion were at increased risk for all NHLs [age adjusted relative risk (RR), 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2–2.1). On the basis of the Working Formulation classification, blood transfusion was positively associated with low-grade NHL (RR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.7–4.5) but not with intermediate-grade NHL (RR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.7–1.6); there were only 8 cases of high-grade NHL. Blood transfusion was positively associated with follicular (RR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.6–5.1) and small lymphocytic (RR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.5–7.9) NHL subtypes but not with diffuse NHL (RR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.7–1.5). There was also a positive association with CLL (RR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0–3.0). Finally, transfusion was associated with nodal (RR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3–2.5) but not extranodal (RR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.7–2.1) NHL. Further adjustment for marital status, farm residence, diabetes, alcohol use, smoking, and red meat and fruit consumption did not alter these associations. In conclusion, prior blood transfusion was associated with NHL and CLL, and the strongest associations were seen for low-grade NHL, particularly follicular and small lymphocytic NHL.
Ritodrine inhibition of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction

Abstract The effect of ritodrine hydrochloride on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), the normal control mechanism for shunting blood flow away from nonventilated areas of the lung, was studied in nonpregnant dogs equipped with central monitors and electromagnetic flow probes. The systemic infusion of ritodrine at a dose of 4 μg/kg/min resulted in a 66.4% ± 4.6% decrease in the HPV response, whether administered before or after the induction of isolated lobar hypoxia. These findings have significant implications for the patient who develops pulmonary edema during ritodrine therapy, in which inability to bypass nonventilated areas of the lung would serve to aggravate further the ventilation/perfusion inequalities that already exist.
Some Effects of Actinomycin D, Cycloheximide and Puromycin on Cell Adhesion

SUMMARY The metabolic inhibitors cycloheximide, puromycin and actinomycin D, increased the rate of adhesion of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells to coverslips and plastic surfaces, over periods of up to 2 h in vitro. Among a number of possible explanations of this effect is a decreased production of hypothetical anti-adhesion factor(s). It is suggested that the difference between the increased rate of adhesion observed by us, and the decrease or lack of effect of the drugs observed by others, is related to prior trypsin-treatment of cells by the other observers.
Role of Cholecystokinin in the Control of Food Intake

CCK appears to regulate short-term control of food intake by acting as a satiety signal. Larger doses of CCK may decrease food intake by aversive actions (malaise, nausea, cramps), presumably by effects on gastrointestinal motility. In rats and most likely humans CCK is released from the upper intestine after a mixed meal and appears to activate afferent vagal fibers by causing pyloric contraction with resultant gastric distention or directly binding to the gastric afferent vagus which courses to the nucleus solitarius with further projections to the paraventricular nucleus and ultimately the ventromedial hypothalamus. Peripherally released CCK may also bind to CNS receptors in the area postrema overlying the nucleus solitarius. Central nervous system CCK released from the paraventricular nucleus may also exert a satiety effect. The satiety effect of CCK appears to be a physiologic action of the peptide since antibodies to CCK and CCK receptor antagonists can increase food intake. CCK is probably just one of several satiety signals but can cause a profound decrease in food intake when administered exogenously in pharmacologic doses. Administration of exogenous CCK, as well as endogenous CCK released by oral protease inhibitors, can decrease food intake in humans. Studies designed to examine the effect of chronic administration of CCK on food intake will be necessary to determine if the peptide has a role in the management of obesity and bulimia.
Mapping Cortical Function with Event-Related Electrocorticography

Direct cortical stimulation is the current standard for mapping basic motor and sensory function in the surgical setting, and is commonly used to confirm noninvasive functional mapping techniques, such as functional MRI, PET, MEG and transcranial magnetic stimulation studies. This chapter reviews the recent proliferation of event-induced high-frequency (30-250 Hz) electrocorticographic gamma mapping studies. Such studies have expanded the scope of cortical mapping to expressive and receptive speech processing, memory storage and retrieval, and other sensory and motor processes. Such maps can be registered and displayed with MR images and even directly on cortex. Progress toward passively mapping various cognitive and behavioral states outside of the hospital setting using chronically indwelling subdural electrodes that communicate without cables through telemetry is reviewed. This technique still needs validation with clinically accepted functional mapping tests, and will likely soon join the physician’s armamentarium of accepted functional mapping techniques.
Stochastic Fuel Efficient Optimal Control of Vehicle Speed

Stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) is applied to generate control policies that adjust vehicle speed to improve average fuel economy without degrading, significantly, the average travel speed. The SDP policies take into account statistical patterns in traffic speed and road topography. Specific problems of fuel efficient in-traffic driving and fuel efficient lead vehicle following are considered, and it is shown how these problems can be treated within an SDP framework. Simulation results are summarized to quantify fuel economy improvements, and experimental results are reported for the fuel efficient lead vehicle following case. The properties of vehicle speed trajectories induced by SDP policies are examined.
Quasielastic Electron Scattering from 12 C

Transverse electron scattering response function ST(q, ω) has been calculated by using a hard core common harmonic oscillator potential. Good agreement is obtained with the experimental date at q = 400 MeV/c.
Process as Intergenerational Punishment: Are Children Casualties of Parental Court Experiences?

Ground-breaking work by Malcolm Feeley established that the experience of criminal court processing can feel like punishment to a defendant, separate and apart from the outcome of the criminal case. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether that effect extends beyond the offender to his or her family, particularly children, and whether this effect exists even before incarceration is imposed. There exists a significant body of literature that links parental incarceration to negative outcomes for children of prisoners (e.g., poor socialization, behavioral problems, poor school outcomes, etc.) Criminologists have also tied early childhood exposure to traumatic experiences (such as violence and deprivation) to later criminality. But neither of these literatures has specifically investigated the effect of criminal court processing of parents on their children, particularly when children witness court appearances or hearings. We interviewed prosecutors and active offenders in a major southeastern city to identify their perceptions of the short and long term effects of witnessing court processing on children of offenders. Our interviews suggest that such experiences could have deleterious effects similar to those observed in research on the effects of parental incarceration. We conclude by offering some policy suggestions for how the court system might mitigate these effects in the future.
Perception of temporal and spectral information in French vowels.

Perceptual effects of orthogonal variations in temporal and spectral information differentiating French /o/ and /o/ were examined. Although both parameters contribute to acoustic differentiation of...
Single-bacterium resolution biosensors based on pristine graphenes

We investigated the sensing abilities of pristine graphene based nanosensors in response to the attachment of Escherichia coli (E. coli) to the graphene surfaces. Using pristine graphenes, instead of functionalized graphenes, helps us understand better the influence of E. coli cells on the transport properties of graphenes. The biosensors based on pristine few-layer graphenes showed a discriminable response to the attachment of an individual E. coli cell, indicating the sensing ability with single-bacterium resolution. Furthermore, higher sensitivities were achieved using pristine mono-layer graphenes and graphene microribbons as the sensing materials. The higher sensitivities can be attributed to the elimination of the interferences from inessential graphene layers and the quantum confinement in the graphene microribbon.
Transient electric field and space charge behavior for unipolar ion conduction in liquid dielectrics

Many liquid dielectrics, when stressed by high electric fields, support bulk space charge distributions. To model such conduction processes, recent work1 has used a unipolar ion mobility conduction model similar to that used for solid state semiconductors, where the velocities of charge carriers injected from an emitting electrode are proportional to the electric field and in turn the electric field is related to the charge densities through Gauss's law. Diffusion can be approximately neglected when applied voltages are much greater than the contact potentials.2 This model has been applied to liquid dielectrics in the dc steady state3 and for small signal perturbations about this steady state.4 Other work performed a heuristic analysis for the transient field and charge behavior with the application of a step current.5 Most of the published analysis has been limited to space charge limited conditions, whereby the electric field at the charge emitting electrode is assumed to be zero.
A new model for predicting critical gas rate in horizontal and deviated wells

Abstract The author's intent through this work is to shed light on the current methods of predicting the onsets of liquid loading and to clarify that there is a difference in critical gas rate predictions between horizontal and vertical wells. Results using 67 wells from literature show that the new model is capable of predicting the critical gas flow rates in horizontal wells within 15.8% of the actual values, 6% improvement over the currently available horizontal well models, and 8–21% improvement over the currently available vertical well models. Experimental results from two horizontal wells tend to support the finding from literature comparison. The new model accounts for the effect of geometry on flow especially particle impact with the flow conduit wall as a result of change in geometry present in horizontal wells. When this effect is accounted for, as in the new model, the estimation of the critical gas rate is more accurate and yields optimized production performance from horizontal wells. The new model yields best results for gas rates less than 10,000 Mscf/d and for buildup rates between 3 and 30°/100 ft.
Why Patients Select Weight Loss Bariatric Surgery

The research reviewed in this chapter indicates that patients choosing bariatric surgery are mostly motivated by health and medical concerns, followed by appearance reasons. These findings have significant implications for health practitioners and public health officials. First, differing motivational factors for choosing surgical intervention can influence the outcome of the surgery. Second, reasons for selecting bariatric surgery are significantly related to how a patient defines success. Patients choosing surgery for health reasons often define success as related to weight loss and improvement of obesity comorbidities. This would be different when compared to patients undergoing surgery due to appearance concerns. Finally, understanding why patients choose bariatric surgery can further understanding as to who undergoes bariatric surgery and why certain demographic populations are more likely to choose bariatric surgery over more conservative behavioral treatments.
Evidence That Reduced Renal Medullary NOS Activity of Dahl S Rats Enables Small Elevations of Avp to Produce Sustained Hypertension

27 It remains unclear why sustained elevations of plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP), a potent vasoconstrictor and fluid retaining hormone, do not generally result in hypertension. Related to this, there have been 4 general observations: 1) AVP is elevated in many forms of human and experimental hypertension, including Dahl S rats; 2) AVP can stimulate nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) production in the renal medulla of normal rats; 3) AVP stimulated NO production can buffer AVP induced reductions of medullary blood flow; 4) partial reduction of medullary NOS activity (via medullary L-NAME infusion) unmasks chronic hypertensive effects of small elevations of plasma AVP (Hypertension. 2000; 35:740-745). In the present study, we hypothesize that Dahl salt-sensitive rats (DS) have reduced capacity to synthesize medullary NO which sensitizes them to the hypertensive effects of small elevations of circulating AVP. DS and Brown Norway (BN) rats with implanted arterial and venous catheters were fed a 0.4% salt diet and infused continuously for 14 days with a chronic “subpressor” dose of AVP (2 ng/kg/min). Conscious mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured 2 hours daily with rats maintained in their home cages. MAP in DS rats increased during day1 of AVP infusion from a control level of 127 ± 0.9 mmHg to an average of 147 ± 1.6 mmHg after 14 days. MAP did not return to control values even within three days following the end of AVP infusion. BN rats showed no changes of MAP during 14 days of AVP infusion (90.4 ± 0.6 mmHg and 92.3 ± 0.4 mmHg). Northern blot analysis of renal tissue from vehicle (saline) infused rats demonstrated that NOS I and NOS III mRNA expression was significantly less in DS rats in the renal outer medulla compared to BN rats. We conclude that small, normally subpressor elevations of plasma AVP can produce chronic hypertension in DS rats, a phenomenon probably related to reduced renal medullary NO synthesis.
Emergency department visits in patients with low acuity conditions: Factors associated with resource utilization.

Abstract Objectives To identify health beliefs of emergency department (ED) patients with low acuity conditions and how these affect ambulance (AMB) utilization. Methods We performed a prospective, observational study on a convenience sample of patients 18 years or older, who presented to the ED of an urban, academic hospital with an Emergency Severity Index (ESI) triage level of 4 or 5. Demographics, treatment, and disposition data were obtained along with self-administered surveys. Characteristics of patients with low acuity conditions who presented to the ED by AMB were compared to the patients who came to the ED by private transportation (PT). Data were analyzed with the chi-square test, t-test, and Mann-Whitney test. Results A total of 197 patients (97 AMB and 100 PT) were enrolled. Compared to PT, AMB patients were more likely to: be insured (82% vs. 56%; p = 0.000), have a primary care provider (62% vs. 44%; p = 0.048), and lack a regular means of transportation (53% vs. 33%; p = 0.005). Three surveys were used the SF-8, Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults [STOFHLA], and Health Belief Model [HBM]. Answers to HBM showed patients perceive that their illness required care within one hour of arrival (38% vs. 21%; p = 0.04), have used an ambulance in the past year (76% vs. 33%; p = 0.001) and to utilize an ambulance in the future for similar concerns (53% vs. 15%; p = 0.000). AMB patients were more likely to call an ambulance for any health concern (p = 0.035) and felt that there were enough ambulances for all patients in the city (p = 0.01). There were no differences in age, employment, level of income and education, nor hospital admission rate between groups. Conclusions Ambulance use in low-acuity ED patients is associated with misperceptions regarding severity of illness and resource allocation as well as limited access to private transportation. Understanding patient perceptions of illness and other barriers to receiving care is imperative for the development of interventions aimed at enabling change in health behaviors such as the elective use of limited resources.
Automated rotational calibration of multiple 3D LIDAR units for intelligent vehicles

A new calibration method is introduced for automatically and simultaneously determining roll, pitch, and yaw offsets of multiple 3D Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) sensors from their theoretical values. The application focuses on autonomous ground vehicles with a LIDAR unit on each of four sides, but can be extended to other multi-LIDAR configurations as well. The data from the LIDAR units is combined to form a 3D point cloud representing the vehicle's surroundings. There are two parts to the calibration: the ground plane alignment that determines and corrects the roll and pitch offsets of each LIDAR independently, and the genetic algorithm based alignment that determines and corrects the yaw offsets of all LIDARs simultaneously. In the ground plane alignment, a scan from each LIDAR is used to calculate the roll and pitch offset of the sensed ground plane from the theoretical ground plane. A correction is applied to the data and a genetic algorithm is then used to concurrently determine the yaw offsets.
Quantity and types of microplastics in the organic tissues of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica and Atlantic mud crab Panopeus herbstii from a Florida estuary.

This study determined the quantity and diversity of microplastics in water and soft tissues of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and Atlantic mud crabs (Panopeus herbstii) in Mosquito Lagoon, a shallow, microtidal estuary along the east coast of central Florida. One-liter water samples had an average of 23.1 microplastic pieces (n = 15). Crabs (n = 90) had an average of 4.2 pieces in tissues/individual plus an average of 20.3 pieces/individual temporarily entangled in exposed surfaces and released within 5 days in tanks. Adult oysters (n = 90) had an average of 16.5 microplastic pieces/individual. Fibers, mostly royal/dark blue in color, dominated our collections. When compared per gram of tissue, crabs had two orders of magnitude more microplastic pieces than oysters. Our numbers were higher than previous studies on invertebrate microplastics; this is potentially the result of extensive urbanization, limited flushing, and intensive recreational usage of Mosquito Lagoon.
Impact of partial volume correction on the regional correspondence between in vivo [C-11]PiB PET and postmortem measures of Aβ load.

Abstract The positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer Pittsburgh Compound B ([C-11]PiB) demonstrates a high affinity for fibrillary amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregates. However, [C-11]PiB's in vivo sensitivity and specificity is an ongoing area of investigation in correlation studies with postmortem measures of Aβ pathology. One potential confound in PET-to-postmortem correlation studies is the limited spatial resolution of PET and resulting partial volume effects (PVEs). In this work, we evaluated the impact of three partial volume correction (PVC) techniques – the Meltzer, the modified Muller-Gartner, and the Region-Based Voxel-Wise – on correlations between region-matched in vivo [C-11]PiB standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) and postmortem measures of Aβ pathology in a unique cohort of nine subjects. Postmortem Aβ pathology was assessed histologically as percent area coverage of 6-CN-PiB positive and Aβ immunoreactive (4G8 antibody) deposits. The application of all three PVC techniques resulted in minimally reduced PET-to-postmortem correlations relative to no PVC. However, correlations to both 6-CN-PiB and 4G8 percent area across all PVC techniques and no PVC were statistically significant at p
The Ethical Producer

It can be argued that “eros” or love is the most accurate description of man’s nature because her or his nature is only satisfied in acts of love whether in receiving love from oneself or others, or in giving love to oneself or others in producing beneficial goods and services for oneself or others. In economic activities man is driven by Eros to be a creator and producer of goods and services that serve the whole of mankind by providing a better and more beautiful way of life. The Earth can only survive with the model of man as the Guardian or Trustee of the Planet. Production of means through which alleviating the suffering in life can be furthered is the only sufficient motivation that can sustain one throughout one’s mortal career. If the human being is made “imago Dei”, and God is the Creator, then the way in which human beings imitate God is through creative, productive activity and not through the activity of consumption. The spiritual view of economics takes into account an economics of abundance by specifying that certain types of goods and services, those that represent a disvalue to the planet, are not to be produced besides specifying what types of goods and services are to be produced.
The Archaeology of Capitalism in Colonial Contexts, an Introduction: Provincializing Historical Archaeology

In introducing Capitalism in Colonial Contexts, we raise the question whether there is currently an epistemological crisis in historical archaeology, as those writing from the “margins” of the field increasingly critique taken-for-granted arguments about the development of capitalism and the way in which colonized and indigenous populations are largely viewed as peripheral to this process. We draw upon postcolonial theory, particularly Subaltern Studies histories, to suggest new engagements with capitalism and colonialism in historical archaeology, which are able to recognize the importance of these two “universals” of our discipline, and yet are able to do so without privileging Eurocentric narratives. Case-study chapters in the volume are also introduced and discussed in relation to our overall theoretical arguments.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) Therapy for Crohn’s Disease

Promising results of MSCs infusion for GI graft versus host disease and fistulizing Crohn’s Disease (CD) have been published. Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) requires a comprehensive treatment approach to maintain symptomatic control, improve health-related quality of life measures, and minimize complications from the disease. In this chapter, we will discuss the role of cellular therapies in Crohn’s disease. Success of these phase I, II and III trials have set the stage for usage of this novel treatment in combination with other therapies for CD
The climate lobby: a sectoral analysis of lobbying spending on climate change in the USA, 2000 to 2016.

Lobbying is considered to be an important factor in the success or failure of climate change legislation. This paper provides an estimate of lobbying expenditures related to climate change legislation in the U.S. Congress from 2000 to 2016. During this time period, over $2 billion was spent on this activity, constituting 3.9% of total lobbying expenditures. Major sectors involved in lobbying were fossil fuel and transportation corporations, utilities, and affiliated trade associations. Expenditures by these sectors dwarf those of environmental organizations and renewable energy corporations. Levels of expenditures on lobbying appear to be related to the introduction and probability of passage of significant climate legislation. Future research should focus on tying particular positions on climate legislation and lobbying expenditures at the corporate level.
Smart Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Systems

Smart grid is an evolution of existing power system with close interplay among energy, control and communication infrastructure. Power processing is done using both kinds of energy systems namely conventional remote power generation and non-conventional power generation in proximity with the loads and actuation is done using power electronic devices and systems. The realization of such type of interactive, resilient and sustainable model is a challenge. In this paper, a unique modeling and control prototype is presented for renewable energy sources integration into the smart grid. The model is scalable in nature which means more renewable energy sources can be added according to design requirements. Demonstration of transitory states, overall power conditioning and the transient response of the system indicate the usefulness of the proposed model.
RVU Medicine, Technology, and Physician Loneliness.

RVU Medicine, Technology, and Physician Loneliness Health care’s institutional goals of abbreviating hospital stays and accelerating clinic visits are feeding professional loneliness, and meaningfu...
With the 249th Pick . . .: Michael Sam and Imagining Failure Otherwise:

This article examines the sporting discourses that surrounded Michael Sam’s attempt to play in the National Football League (NFL). It argues that Sam would inevitably be described as a failure beca...
Whole-genome resequencing identifies quantitative trait loci associated with mycorrhizal colonization of soybean

A whole-genome resequencing-derived SNP dataset identified six quantitative trait loci (QTL) significantly associated with colonization of soybean by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Rhizophagus intraradices). Candidate genes identified in these QTL regions include homologs to known nodulin protein families and other symbiosis-specific genes. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form associations with over 80% of all terrestrial plant species and assist their host plants by increasing their nutrient uptake, drought tolerance, and resilience against pathogens and pests. Genotypic variation of crop plants to AMF colonization has been identified in crops, including soybean; however, the genetics controlling levels of AMF colonization in soybean are unknown. The overall goal of our study was to identify genomic regions associated with mycorrhizal colonization in soybean using genome-wide association analysis. A diverse panel of 350 exotic soybean genotypes inoculated with Rhizophagus intraradices were microscopically evaluated for root colonization using a modified gridline intersect method. Root colonization differed significantly (P < 0.001) among genotypes and ranged from 11 to 70%. A whole-genome resequencing-derived SNP dataset identified six quantitative trait loci (QTL) significantly associated with R. intraradices colonization that explained 24% of the phenotypic variance. Candidate genes identified in these QTL regions include homologs to known nodulin protein families and other symbiosis-specific genes. The results showed there was a significant genetic component to the level of colonization by R. intraradices in soybean. This information may be useful in the development of AMF-sensitive soybean cultivars to enhance nutrient uptake, drought tolerance, and disease resistance in the crop.
Detection of Retinal Fibrosis in a Rabbit Model of Penetrating Eye Injury.

INTRODUCTION To establish a rabbit model of posterior penetrating eye injury as a platform to test potential therapeutics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anesthetized rabbits received posterior penetrating eye injury in one eye, whereas contralateral eyes were maintained as uninjured controls. Rabbits were randomized into two experimental groups. Group A was euthanized on Day 14 postinjury to determine retinal fibrosis at an early phase of disease progression. Group B was euthanized on Day 28 postinjury to examine retinal fibrosis at a late phase of disease progression. We examined animals on postinjury Days 7, 14, 21, and 28 with indirect ophthalmoscope and fundus photography. After euthanasia, eyes were processed for histology and immunofluorescence labeling of fibrotic proteins α-smooth muscle actin and collagen I. RESULTS Early fibrosis was detected by Day 14, as indicated by indirect ophthalmoscopy and fundus imaging. Fibrotic membranes were visible at sites of injury. Immunofluorescence analysis detected α-smooth muscle actin and collagen I within the fibrotic membranes. CONCLUSIONS These data show that ocular fibrosis can be detected within 14 days after initial injury, with more severe fibrosis detected at 28 days postinjury. These results will be used to determine the optimal time points for later studies designed to test treatment strategies.
II.7 – Mechanical Springs

Publisher Summary Springs are mechanical elements that exert forces or torques and absorb energy. The absorbed energy is usually stored and released later. The hot and cold working processes are used for springs manufacturing. Plain carbon steels, alloy steels, corrosion-resisting steels, or nonferrous materials can be used for spring manufacturing. Spring materials are compared by an examination of their tensile strengths, which require the material, its processing, and the wire size. The torsional yield strength can be obtained by assuming that the tensile yield strength is between 60 and 90% of the tensile strength. The helical springs are usually made of circular cross-section wire or rod. These springs are subjected to a torsional component and a shear component. There is also an additional stress effect due to the curvature of the helix. For helical springs the ends can be specified as plain ends; plain and ground ends; squared ends; and squared and ground ends. A spring with plain ends has a noninterrupted helicoid and the ends are the same as if a long spring had been cut into sections. A spring with plain and ground ends, or squared ends, is obtained by deforming the ends to a zero-degree helix angle.
Elementary School Counselors Supporting Students Experiencing Anticipatory Grief

The experience of grief after a death-related loss is endured by many, including elementary-aged, students. However, anticipatory grief, or the grieving process that begins when someone knows that ...
Dynamic Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis of Orbiting Sample Capture for Potential Mars Sample Return

The current notional architecture for the Mars Sample Return (MSR) campaign would require autonomous on-orbit rendezvous and capture of a sample container after it has been delivered to Mars orbit by a preceding MSR mission. As part of the complete orbital payload known as the Capture, Contain, and Return System (CCRS), a concept has been developed for autonomously sensing and capturing this Orbiting Sample (OS) container. The concept, comprised of a capture mechanism and multiple optical break-beam arrays, would detect and enclose the OS into CCRS, and engage a dust-tight seal to prevent the escape of the OS or other unsterilized particles. A challenging goal for the system is to close the lid prior to the OS coming into physical contact after entering CCRS in order to reduce the risk of unsterilized Mars particles on the surface of the OS from contaminating the outside of the spacecraft. The mechanical and sensor performance requirements were driven by the broader architecture of CCRS, OS rendezvous parameters, and Planetary Protection requirements regarding the interaction and handling of the OS. The mechanism and break-beam array concepts were designed accordingly, and kinematic simulations of the mechanism's behavior, combined with a Monte-Carlo simulation of OS rendezvous/collision behaviors and corresponding break-beam sensor responses verify compliance.
Peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst enhances respiratory function in isolated brain mitochondria.

Mitochondria generate superoxide and nitric oxide that could potentially react with each other to produce PN. We observed eNOS and nNOS immunoreactivity in isolated brain and heart mitochondria wit...
Problems of cross-cultural criminology no more! Testing two central tenets of Self-Control Theory across 28 nations

Abstract Purpose The current investigation tested two tenets from self-control theory regarding its cross-national validity and applicability, namely the extent to which (1) parenting behaviors (closeness and monitoring) were associated with low self-control, and (2) the extent to which opportunities (two competing operationalizations: routine activities or peer deviance) and low self-control independently (and synergistically) predicted deviant behaviors. Methods Data were collected as part of the Second International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD-2) from 28 cultures, from seventh, eighth, and ninth grade adolescents (N = 66,859), and analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling. Country level variables included years in school, size of the prison population, unemployment rate, and life expectancy. Results (1) Low self-control significantly varied at both the individual- and country-levels; both closeness and monitoring negatively predicted low self-control. At the country level, more years in school and a greater prison population were positively associated with low self-control, while life expectancy was negatively associated. (2) Deviance significantly varied at the individual and country levels. Low self-control and opportunities (peer deviance and routine activities) uniquely explained variance in deviance. Conclusions Findings provide support for the cross-cultural application of self-control theory.
Capsulorrhaphy Reconstruction Technique for the Treatment of Chronic Distal Radioulnar Joint Instability

Chronic instability of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) is a common problem that is doubtless under-diagnosed. This is especially true following displaced distal radius fractures that have been stabilized surgically but have been left with associated, undiagnosed DRUJ instability. Depending on a person’s use patterns, residual DRUJ instability can engender notable pain and dysfunction. In such cases that have failed non-operative measures, a DRUJ capsulorrhaphy is a simpler, reproducible soft-tissue stabilization procedure. An illustrative case with detailed technical points is presented herein.
Building the International Criminal Court

The International Criminal Court (ICC) is the first and only standing international court capable of prosecuting humanity's worst crimes: genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. It faces huge obstacles. It has no police force; it pursues investigations in areas of tremendous turmoil, conflict, and death; it is charged both with trying suspects and with aiding their victims; and it seeks to combine divergent legal traditions in an entirely new international legal mechanism. International law advocates sought to establish a standing international criminal court for more than 150 years. Other, temporary, single-purpose criminal tribunals, truth commissions, and special courts have come and gone, but the ICC is the only permanent inheritor of the Nuremberg legacy. In Building the International Criminal Court, Oberlin College Professor of Politics Ben Schiff analyzes the International Criminal Court, melding historical perspective, international relations theories, and observers' insights to explain the Court's origins, creation, innovations, dynamics, and operational challenges.
Human echinostomiasis: mechanisms of pathogenesis and host resistance.

Human echinostomiasis refers to infection of the human intestine by digenetic trematodes of the family Echinostomatidae which primarily infect a variety of birds and mammals other than humans. The life cycles of these worms are completed in nature without human involvement and the natural definitive hosts may also serve as reservoirs for human infection. Human echinostomiasis, caused by about 20 species belonging to eight genera (Table 1), is thus considered a zoonosis.
ADSORPTION AT THE RUTILE-SOLUTION INTERFACE: I. THERMODYNAMIC AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY.

A detailed thermodynamic analysis of the double layer at the interface, simple inorganic oxide-aqueous solution, is presented with special emphasis on the assumptions normally made in relating experimental observation to theoretical treatment. An experimental study of the adsorption of potential-determining ions (H+, OH−) at the rutile (TiO2)/solution interface is reported. The results obtained by potentiometric titration of suspensions of the oxide indicate that equilibration is a two-step process with the initial fast step yielding the desired information on the surface behavior of the system. The point of zero charge (pzc) for TiO2 at room temperature was observed to lie at pH 6.0, independently of its crystalline modification, but was lowered to below pH 4 by heat treatment of the oxide prior to adsorption measurement. The pzc was also observed to approach the neutral point (12 pKw) with increasing temperature in the temperature range, 25°C to 95°C. A thermodynamic consideration of the transfer of cationic and anionic potential-determining species from the aqueous solution to the surface at the pzc allowed the difference in the standard entropy of transfer to be estimated from this information. The entropy difference (∼2.0 cal/deg mole) for TiO2 is compared with the much larger difference of ∼42 cal/deg-mole obtained from more extensive measurements on AgI. The striking difference between the two double layer systems is to be sought in differences in the structure and composition of the interphasal region separating the bulk phases which, in turn, must be related to the variation in interaction of the polar solvent with the solids, TiO2 and AgI.
A new anti-glioma therapy, AG119: pre-clinical assessment in a mouse GL261 glioma model

High grade gliomas (HGGs; grades III and IV) are the most common primary brain tumors in adults, and their malignant nature ranks them fourth in incidence of cancer death. Standard treatment for glioblastomas (GBM), involving surgical resection followed by radiation and chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) and the anti-angiogenic therapy bevacizumab, have not substantially improved overall survival. New therapeutic agents are desperately needed for this devastating disease. Here we study the potential therapeutic agent AG119 in a pre-clinical model for gliomas. AG119 possesses both anti-angiogenic (RTK inhibition) and antimicrotubule cytotoxic activity in a single molecule. GL261 glioma-bearing mice were either treated with AG119, anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) antibody, anti c-Met antibody or TMZ, and compared to untreated tumor-bearing mice. Animal survival was assessed, and tumor volumes and vascular alterations were monitored with morphological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and perfusion-weighted imaging, respectively. Percent survival of GL261 HGG-bearing mice treated with AG119 was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to untreated tumors. Tumor volumes (21–31 days following intracerebral implantation of GL261 cells) were found to be significantly lower for AG119 (p < 0.001), anti-VEGF (p < 0.05) and anti-c-Met (p < 0.001) antibody treatments, and TMZ-treated (p < 0.05) mice, compared to untreated controls. Perfusion data indicated that both AG119 and TMZ were able to reduce the effect of decreasing perfusion rates significantly (p < 0.05 for both), when compared to untreated tumors. It was also found that IC50 values for AG119 were much lower than those for TMZ in T98G and U251 cells. These data support further exploration of the anticancer activity AG119 in HGG, as this compound was able to increase animal survival and decrease tumor volumes in a mouse GL261 glioma model, and that AG119 is also not subject to methyl guanine transferase (MGMT) mediated resistance, as is the case with TMZ, indicating that AG119 may be potentially useful in treating resistant gliomas.
Volunteer age, job satisfaction, and intention to stay: A case of nonprofit sport organizations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the moderating role of Age in the relationships between leader-member exchange dimensions (Affect, Loyalty, Contribution, and Professional Respect) and Job Satisfaction and between Job Satisfaction and Intention to Stay among volunteers in nonprofit sport organizations. Design/methodology/approach – A series of moderated hierarchical multiple regression analyses was conducted using the survey responses of 214 volunteers in 22 nonprofit sport organizations. Findings – The results indicated that Age moderated the relationship between Professional Respect and Job Satisfaction such that it was stronger for younger volunteers, and Job Satisfaction had a greater positive influence on Intention to Stay for older rather than younger volunteers. Originality/value – These findings provide valuable insights into how age may be an important factor influencing volunteers’ job satisfaction and intention to continue to volunteer. Implications for practitioners and future...
Hypertension after brain injury: Case report

Hypertension after brain injury requires comprehensive evaluation and management. Focal brain injury to centers of blood pressure regulation, high levels of circulating catecholamines from generalized trauma or intracranial lesions, increased intracranial pressure, pheochromocytomas unmasked after trauma, and occult spinal cord injury with hyperreflexia represent possible causes of hypertension after brain injury. This case of a brain-injured patient who had episodes of hypertension and diaphoresis with catecholamine elevations in plasma and urine, and evidence of hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, demonstrates the importance of a thorough neuroendocrine evaluation in brain-injured patients with hypertension. When high levels of catecholamines are found, without further evidence of a pheochromocytoma, treatment with a beta blocker is appropriate.
The Framing Discussion: Connecting Student Experience with Mathematical Knowledge

Abstract This article introduces the framing discussion, an informal discussion of a mathematical problem that takes place at the beginning of a lesson or unit. The purpose of the framing discussion is to assess student knowledge, motivate student interest, and to serve as a basis for guiding students to more formal mathematical knowledge. The article discusses the design criteria and the discourse moves necessary to execute an effective framing discussion.
Asynchronous communication for wireless sensors using ultra wideband impulse radio

This paper addresses simulations and design of an asynchronous integrated ultra wideband impulse radio transmitter and receiver suitable for low-power miniaturized wireless sensors. This paper first presents software simulations for asynchronous transmission over noisy channels using FSK-OOK modulation, which demonstrates that the proposed architecture is capable to communicate reliably at moderate signal-to-noise ratios and that the main errors are due to deletions of received noisy transmit pulses. Then, we address a hardware chip implementation of the integrated UWB transmitter and receiver, which is fabricated using an IBM 0.18µm CMOS process. This implementation provides a low peak power consumption, i.e., 10.8 mW for the transmitter and 5.4 mW for the receiver, respectively. The measured maximum baseband data rate of the proposed radio is 2.3 Mb/s.