cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reduction and Reoxidation Kinetics of Nickel-Based SOFC Anodes

Reduction and reoxidation kinetics of Ni-based solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes were investigated over a range of temperatures between 600 and 800°C. Dense (no open porosity) two-phase NiO + YSZ (yttria-stabilized zirconia) samples, with and without small amounts of oxide additives (CaO, MgO, TiO 2 ), were fabricated and then reduced in a hydrogen-containing environment. The time dependence of the reduced layer thickness at various temperatures was measured. Reoxidation studies were conducted on fully reduced anodes that were subsequently reoxidized in air over a temperature range between 650 and 800°C. A simple theoretical model was developed to describe the kinetics of reduction and reoxidation based on two series kinetic steps: diffusion and interface reaction. It was observed that the reduction kinetics was linear (interface-controlled), while the reoxidation kinetics was nearly parabolic (diffusion-controlled). Also, the kinetics of reduction was thermally activated with an activation energy of ∼95 kJ/mol. By contrast, over the temperature range investigated, the kinetics of reoxidation was essentially independent of temperature. The interface control of the reduction process implies that gas-phase diffusion through porous Ni + YSZ, formed upon reduction of NiO to Ni, is considerably faster than the kinetics of the actual reduction reaction occurring at the interface separating the pristine and the reduced regions. By contrast, diffusion control of the reoxidation process was attributed to slow, gaseous diffusion on account of the very small amount of porosity that remains when Ni reoxidizes to NiO, developed presumably due to a slight shape change of Ni particles that may occur at high temperatures. Doping the anodes with stable oxides, such as CaO and MgO, significantly reduced both the reduction and reoxidation kinetics of Ni-based anodes.
Optimum strength of composites of ceramic particles in poly(methyl methacrylate)

Ceramic particles were sedimented in methyl methacrylate, which was then polymerized by exposre to γ-rays. After annealing, specimens were cut and tested, and the ceramic content determined by ashing. Diamond indentation hardness was found to increase monotonically with increase in ceramic content. In contrast, both Young's modulus and, more markedly, flexural strength were found to give optimum (peak) values for a content of lithium aluminum silicate near 80 wt-percent. The higher silicate contents were reached with use of a silane coupling agent and by centrifuging, prior to polymerization. Examination of fracture surfaces by scanning electron microscopy indicated that the decrease in mechanical properties was due to the presence of voids in the polymeric matrix. It is suggested that void formation becomes serious when ceramic particles are initially too close-packed to respond to conraction, during polymerization, by shifting closer together. Consistent with this suggestion, both void formation and peaking in strength can be prevented by continuously centrifuging the composite throughout the polymerization reaction.
An Analysis of Organizational Birth Types: Organizational Start-up and Entry in the Nineteenth-Century Life Insurance Industry

Although organizational births now attract considerable scholarly attention, virtually no effort has been made to distinguish conceptually among different kinds of births and to explore the theoretical and empirical implications of these distinctions. I develop two general perspectives in order to examine the causes of two key types of birth organizational start-ups and entries - in the nineteenth-century life insurance industry of New York. Though the strategic niche perspective is strongly supported by the startups model, the market location framework is well supported by the entries equation. Hence, I show that the determinants of these forms of birth vary systematically, indicating that start-ups and entries (and other birth types) must be distinguished in future research. More generally, I discuss the potential for drawing on the core assumptions of the strategic niche and market location perspectives in order to develop a unified theory of organizational birth types. New organizations recently have been championed as seedbeds of technological innovation, creators of significant employment opportunities and economic growth, and the root cause of organizational diversity in modem societies. Due to their social and economic import, organizational births now are being analyzed worldwide Uohnson 1986; Singh & Lumsden 1990). In this study, I significantly advance existing research on this phenomenon. Virtually no effort has been made to distinguish conceptually among different kinds of births, to theorize about their causes, and to assess empirically the predictions. However, new org-anizational launchings in existing markets and entries of existing entities into new markets are recognized as key birth types, largely due to their effects on industrial and economic conditions but also because controversy often has surrounded the relationship between organizational launchings and entries (Baldwin & Gorecki 1987; Dunne, Roberts & Samuelson 1988).
Halliburton II: It All Depends on What Defendants Need to Show to Establish No Impact on Price

Rule 10b-5 private damages actions cannot proceed on a class basis unless the plaintiffs are entitled to the fraud-on-the-market presumption of reliance. In Halliburton II, the Supreme Court provides defendants in such actions with an opportunity, before class certification, to rebut the fraud-on-the-market presumption through evidence that the misstatement had no effect on the issuer’s share price. It left unspecified, however, the standard by which the sufficiency of this evidence should be judged. This Article explores the two most plausible approaches that the courts might take to setting this standard. One approach would be for the courts to impose the same statistical burden on defendants seeking to show there was no price effect as is currently imposed on plaintiffs to show that there was a price effect when the plaintiffs later need to demonstrate loss causation. The other approach would be to decide that defendants can rebut the presumption of reliance simply by persuading the court that the plaintiffs will not be able meet their statistical burden. If the courts choose the first approach, Halliburton II is unlikely to have much effect on the cases that are brought or on their resolution by settlement or adjudication. If they choose the second approach, the decision’s effect will be more substantial. The Article concludes with a brief discussion of some of the considerations that should be relevant to courts in their choice between the two approaches.
Physicochemical properties and amylopectin fine structures of A- and B-type granules of waxy and normal soft wheat starch.

This work fractionated waxy and normal wheat starches into highly purified A- and B-type granule fractions, which were representative of native granule populations within parent native wheat starches, to accurately assess starch characteristics and properties of the two granule types. Wheat starch A- and B-type granules possessed different morphologies, granule specific surface area measurements, compositions, relative crystallinities, amylopectin branch chain distributions, and physical properties (swelling, gelatinization, and pasting behaviors). Within a genotype, total and apparent amylose contents were greater for A-type granules, while lipid-complexed amylose and phospholipid contents were greater for B-type granules. B-type (relative to A-type) granules within a given genotype possessed a greater abundance of short amylopectin branch chains (DPn 33) branch chains, contributing to their lower relative crystallinities. Variation in amylose and phospholipid characteristics appeared to account for observed differences in swelling, gelatinization, and pasting properties between waxy and normal wheat starch fractions of a common granule type. However, starch granule swelling and gelatinization property differences between A- and B-type granules within a given genotype were most consistently explained by their differential amylopectin chain-length distributions.
Egyptian Texts relating to the Exodus: Discussions of Exodus Parallels in the Egyptology Literature

Some 30 ancient Egyptian texts with Exodus “parallels” or Exodus-like content have been identified by 56 Egyptologists, archaeologists, and Semiticists from 1844 to date in the professional literature. Additional texts are identified in the present study for a total of more than 90 Egyptian texts containing Exodus parallels. The Egyptian texts are mainly of politico-literary and religious genres, most ranging in date from the New Kingdom to the Greco-Roman era and appearing in hieroglyphic-hieratic-Demotic forms (a few in Greek and Coptic and one trilingual in hieroglyphic-Demotic-Greek, the Rosetta Stone). The Egyptological publications and Egyptian texts were recently found in the course of research on the history of the long-standing Exodus problem, in effect answering the call of Julius Wellhausen for a much-needed investigation of Egyptian traditions underlying the Exodus.
Numerical Filtering of Spurious Transients in a Satellite Scanning Radiometer: Application to CERES

The Clouds and Earth Radiant Energy System (CERES) scanning, radiometer was designed to provide high accuracy measurements of the radiances from the earth. Calibration testing of the instruments showed the presence of all undesired slow transient in the measurements of all channels at 1% to 2% of the signal. Analysis of the data showed that the transient consists of a single linear mode. The characteristic time of this mode is 0.3 to 0.4 s and is much greater than that the 8-10-ms response time of the detector, so that it is well separated from the detector response. A numerical filter was designed for the removal of this transient from the measurements. Results show no trace remaining of the transient after application of the numerical filter. The characterization of the slow mode on the basis of ground calibration data is discussed and flight results are shown for the CERES instruments aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission and Terra spacecraft. The primary influence of the slow mode is in the calibration of the instrument and the in-flight validation of the calibration. This method may be applicable to other radiometers that are striving for high accuracy and encounter a slow spurious mode regardless of the underlying physics.
Retroperitoneal abscess and septic arthritis of the hip in children: a problem in differential diagnosis.

Three cases of children with retroperitoneal abscess which appeared to be septic arthritis of the hip have been presented. The clinical characteristics of fourteen cases of retroperitoneal abscess have been compared with those of twenty cases of septic arthritis of the hip. Also, the usefulness of testing hip motion, aspirating the hip joint, examining the rectum, and viewing abdominal roentgenograms has been described.
The Use of Story as a Teaching Strategy When Educating Students in Geriatric Oncology

Story is a creative teaching strategy that can highlight the unique and complex needs of older adults diagnosed with cancer. Story as a means for delivering educational content can enhance recall and memory of details discussed in lecture. The purpose of this article is to describe the use of story as a teaching strategy and to offer suggestions on using story in educating undergraduate nursing students. To construct an effective story, a teaching point must be identified to be the "lesson learned." The story must be constructed around the teaching point and be relevant to the lecture material. Other suggestions for effective use of story are to rehearse, be succinct, and to inject humor if possible. The central goal of using story is to have an impact on nursing students so they will incorporate geriatric best practices throughout their career.
Book Reviews: Into the Light: The Academic and Spiritual Legacy of Dr. Howard Malmstadt, Vibrational Spectroscopy of Polymers: Principles and Practice:

Please forward book reviews to the Book Review Editor, Alexander Scheeline, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801.
Nighttime Chemistry and Morning Isoprene Can Drive Urban Ozone Downwind of a Major Deciduous Forest

Isoprene is the predominant non-methane volatile organic compound emitted to the atmosphere and shapes tropospheric composition and biogeochemistry through its effects on ozone, other oxidants, aerosols, and the nitrogen cycle. Isoprene is emitted naturally by vegetation during daytime, when its photo-oxidation is rapid, and in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NOx) produces ozone and degrades air quality in polluted regions. Here, we show for a city downwind of an isoprene-emitting forest (St. Louis, MO) that isoprene actually peaks at night; ambient levels then endure, owing to low nighttime OH radical concentrations. Nocturnal chemistry controls the fate of that isoprene and the likelihood of a high-ozone episode the following day. When nitrate (NO3) radicals are suppressed, high isoprene persists through the night, providing photochemical fuel upon daybreak and leading to a dramatic late-morning ozone peak. On nights with significant NO3, isoprene is removed before dawn; days with low morning isoprene ...
New Oligocene Braconidae and Bethylidae from Baltic amber.

The present paper is bases on material contained in the large Haren Collection of Baltic amber insects recently acquired by the Musuem of Comparative Zoology. It supplements the much more lengthy account dealing with these two families which was prepared some years ago by the writer, from a study of specimens belonging to these families in the collections of the Amber Museum of the University of Konigsberg, and published in 1933.[1][1] [1]: #fn-1
Biomechanics Web-Course: An Exploratory Study

From ordering books to searching for cheap airline tickets, the Internet is infiltrating our daily lives. One place where its use is definitely exploding is in the classroom. The Internet affords the instructor the opportunity to provide interactive learning situations in place of more traditional passive methods. This paper discusses the development of an interactive web-based biomechanics module for an undergraduate Introduction to Ergonomics course. An exploratory study found that student performance on a test was equal regardless of whether they were self-taught using web-based material or the textbook. These initial results raise questions as to the characteristics of a successful web-based course.
Synchronization of Chaotic Outputs in Multimode Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

We have explored experimentally chaos synchronization in unidirectionally coupled multimode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with orthogonal optical injection. Good synchronization is achieved when dominant modes of the receiver are locked to those of the injection.
Manned Mars Mission on-orbit operations metric development

This report describes the effort made to develop a scoring system, or metric, for comparing astronaut Extra Vehicular Activity with various robotic options for the on-orbit assembly of a very large spacecraft, such as would be needed for a Manned Mars Mission. All trade studies comparing competing approaches to a specific task involve the use of some consistent and unbiased method for assigning a score, or rating factor, to each concept under consideration. The relative scores generated by the selected rating system provide the tool for deciding which of the approaches is the most desirable.
Specification and Composition of Student-Oriented Services

In the last few years, the popularity of online degrees has dramatically increased. In current online degrees, the school specifies the courses required to obtain a degree. For each course the instructor specifies the course elements including teaching method and assessments. But different students have different capabilities and constraints. Most institutions provide the same courses. A student should be able to select the course that best matches his capabilities and constraints as long as it satisfies the required course outcomes. To achieve this goal, we propose the use of Service-oriented Architecture (SOA). We introduce an extended service-oriented architecture and an extended service definition, which will enable the specification and provision of student-oriented courses. We also propose a composition approach.
FLOW BEHAVIOR OF VISCOELASTIC POLYMER SOLUTION IN THE EXPANSION CHANNEL

The upper-convected Maxwell(UCM)model was used to describe the rheological properties of polymers.A finite volume method(FVM)for the numerical solution of viscoelastic flows through an abrupt expansion channel is presented.Although there have been many successful numerical predictions of elastic fluid flows,the Weissenberg number(We)which stands for the elastic is low.With the FVM,stable solutions are found for high Weissenberg number(the elasticity levels up to We=3.2),further extending the range of previous similar simulations.The simulations reinforce the point that the FVM can be used as a viable alternative for the solution of viscoelastic problems.Through the results of numerical simulations,the contours of velocity and stream function are drawn and micro-scale sweep efficiency is calculated quantitatively.Numerical results show that the viscoelasticity of polymer solutions is the main factor influencing the sweep efficiency.With increasing elasticity,the flowing area in the dead end is enlarged significantly,thus the area with immobile zones becomes smaller,the microcosmic sweep efficiency increases.The visco-elastic nature of the displacing polymer fluids can in general improve the displacement efficiency in pores compared to using Newtonian fluids.This conclusion should be useful in selecting polymer fluids and designing polymer flooding operations.
Development of a multitissue microfluidic array for assessing changes in gene expression associated with channel catfish appetite, growth, metabolism, and intestinal health

Abstract Large-scale, gene expression profiling methods allow for high throughput analysis of physiological pathways at a fraction of the cost of individual gene expression analysis. Systems, such as the Fluidigm quantitative PCR array described here, can provide powerful assessments of the effects of diet, environment, and management on physiological pathways affecting production parameters. A targeted microfluidic PCR array was designed and validated, for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) representing key pathways involved in appetite, growth, metabolism, and intestinal inflammation for their potential to provide insight into the effects of diet and dietary supplements on these important physiological processes regulating feed efficiency and growth. With few exceptions, PCR primers were designed from Ictaluridae gene sequences published in GenBank. PCR amplicons from primers designed outside of Ictaluridae were sequenced to verify gene identity. All target gene primers were initially validated via conventional real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR). Combined hypothalamus/pituitary, hepatic, stomach, and intestinal tissue were used validate a 48.48 microfluidic PCR array to analyze multitissue gene expression. Use of the Fluidigm array resulted in reliable cycle threshold levels (Ct), efficiencies (E), and quality threshold scores (QS) for all but eight genes examined. Of the potential reference genes included in the panel, alpha-tubulin (TUBA) had a high QS, E, and acceptable Ct. The high throughput application of this technology, relative to conventional RT-qPCR, for assessing dietary effects on these pathways is demonstrated. Development of this targeted multi-tissue microfluidic array paves the way for the rapid evaluation of regulatory pathways in response to alternative feeding strategies, dietary formulations, and supplementation, as well as environmental and management effects for improving channel catfish culture and validates a cost-effective, dynamic, gene expression platform for use with other cultured fishes.
Inherited Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Indications and Technique of Early Thyroidectomy

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) occurring as part of the dominantly inherited multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2 syndromes is a rare but notable endocrine disease. Since the discovery of the role of activating mutations in the RET proto-oncogene in MEN2A and MEN2B, considerable advances in management have occurred, and most of the asymptomatic RET carriers who have undergone early thyroidectomy can lead full lives unencumbered by the presence of metastatic MTC. Strong genotype–phenotype correlations have enabled the development of guidelines regarding the timing of thyroidectomy, and current approaches to decisions about the age of surgery for MEN2A incorporate data from ultrasonography and measurement of calcitonin in addition to the results of genotyping. MEN2B is associated with the most aggressive clinical presentation of MTC and thus requires earlier surgical intervention. To optimize care and to enable ongoing research, patients with hereditary MTC in the context of the MEN2 syndromes are optimally treated at tertiary centers with multidisciplinary expertise.
Corporate Identity and Culture

This note discusses the shifts in the conception of brand and identity as it relates to corporations. Excerpt UVA-BC-0251 Aug. 11, 2013 CORPORATE IDENTITY AND CULTURE For many years, corporate identity referred to a company's visual identity, primarily in the form of a corporate logo. Some firms, notably Landor in the United States, continue to specialize in visual identity. A quick look at Landor's website reveals the extent to which this one agency is responsible for the visual expressions of many well-known corporations, from airlines to package delivery firms. These are images we encounter every day. A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words Although we are not quite at the moment of Ridley Scott's Blade Runner (1982), we are surrounded by logos. If you see a Gap, Cheesecake Factory, Whole Foods, and Barnes & Noble, you might have oriented yourself in an upper-middle-class consumer environment. If you encounter Harry Winston, Jaguar, and Hermes, you might be required to ring a buzzer before entry; liquor stores with barred windows, a 24-hour convenience shop advertising lottery tickets, and a check-cashing storefront probably suggest a neighborhood where the recession has not receded, if it was even noticed. A trip off the highway very likely turns up a limited variety of the same chains on the main strip with little variation for regional particularity. . . .
Atypical features and systemic associations in extensive cases of Grover disease: A systematic review

Background Grover disease is an acantholytic disorder that typically occurs on the trunk of older individuals, primarily white men, in association with heat and xerosis. Cases with extensive and/or atypical distributions have been reported. Objective To review the literature characterizing the population, morphology, associations, and disease course of extensive or atypical eruptions of Grover disease. Methods A systematic literature review identified 50 articles with 69 cases. Results Patient age ranged from 14 to 83 years (mean age, 56 ± 15), with 71% of patients being male and 29% female. Areas of involvement included the trunk (90%), upper and lower extremities (63% and 61%, respectively), face/scalp (28%), neck (21%), groin (11%), buttocks (8%), and axillae (6%). The most common associations included a history of malignancy (61%), recent chemotherapy (38%), and recent transplant (20%). Limitations Extensive cases with typical clinical morphology may not have been examined by biopsy or reported; thus, this review may have publication bias toward more severe or atypical presentations. Conclusions Greater variability exists among patients affected by extensive or atypical Grover disease than among those with typical disease. Malignancy is a common association, and there may be a role for immunosuppression in the pathogenesis of extensive or atypical Grover disease.
Organizing Usability in the Corporation

How should usability resources be organized in the company in order to make the most effective use of the resources at hand? Often, very little thought is given to effectiveness issues and the decision about organization of resources is done on a political basis. In this paper, we describe the organization of the User-Centered Systems Engineering and Research (USER) Lab at Intel, the various interaction styles we have used on different products and our observations about the effectiveness of this organization and various interaction styles.
Local basis function representations of thermodynamic surfaces: Water at high pressure and temperature as an example

Abstract A flexible numerical framework using local basis function is developed in order to better represent thermodynamic properties of fluids as a function of pressure temperature and composition. A new equation of state for water to 100 GPa and 10,000 K is presented. Conventional equations of state are typically based on complex sets of global basis functions that are unique to each application. The use of series expansions in positive and negative powers of the independent variables (with additional exponential/log/trig. factors in some cases) is common and recent accurate equations of state are assembled from collections of such arbitrary terms. These individually crafted representations do not always fit data within uncertainties, can be difficult to implement, and are not easily modified to account for newer data. Multivariate (tensor) b splines overcome these shortcomings. The underlying basis functions are local, orthonormal and complete. Data can be represented to arbitrary precision and the relationships between model parameters and observational constraints are uncomplicated. The fittings of new data in more extended regimes of the thermodynamic space do not require modifying parameters in previously constrained regions. Models are transportable and easily implemented since robust and efficient standardized routines for evaluation of b splines are available in modern numerical environments. Because a local basis function representation can flexibly fit any surface, the articulation of a priori constraints (associated with expected physical and chemical behavior) is appropriately necessary and explicit during model construction. Basic tools are demonstrated in applications to thermodynamic properties of water where the modified equation of state matches a prior formulation below 1 GPa while providing an excellent fit to measurements at much higher pressures.
PHYSIOLOGY OF GLIAL CELLS

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the physiology of glial cells. The main morphological types of glia are credited with different functions, but the correlation of form with function may not be absolute. Microglia are thought to be the principal phagocytes of the central nervous system (CNS), but astrocytes are also believed to be capable of phagocytosis if correctly induced. Scaffolding formed by radial glia guides the growth of neural processes during embryonal development of the CNS; Schwann cells fulfill a similar role in the regeneration of injured peripheral axons. Myelination is the exclusive task of oligocytes in the CNS and of Schwann cells in the periphery. Schwann cells embrace C-fibers in a single unit layer of sheathing and tether them by a mesaxon. The chapter describes suspected functions of astrocytes. It also discusses neuroglia and passive movements of potassium ions and presents evidence linking astrocytes to the regulation of interstitial fluid of the CNS, especially at the level of inorganic ions.
The Neurophysiology of Central Nervous System Tumors

Brain tumor patients have a high frequency of seizures, epilepsy, and other paroxysmal types of spells. As part of the work-up of these events, neurophysiological evaluation using electroencephalography (EEG) is often very helpful in clarifying the nature of the spells and whether they are related to epilepsy. In selected cases, ambulatory EEG, long-term video-EEG monitoring, and invasive EEG monitoring may also be necessary. Brain tumor effects on EEG background rhythms and epileptiform activity are also reviewed.
Adenovirus Structural Proteins

Eons ago a wise man might have asked: Can there evolve for study a poisonous, infectious particle, to be termed a “virus,” having the following characteristics: (1) it should be architecturally developed to provide a stable structure; (2) it should be easily propagated and obtainable in large quantities; and (3) its subunits should be readily isolated in native form? Adenoviruses appear to provide one example of an evolutionary triumph that yields a solution to the problem posed. Adenovirus icosahedral structure furnishes nature’s representation of the architects’ presentation of the most stable geometric sphere; adenoviruses are easily propagated and many species can be readily isolated and purified in their native state.
Challenges in crystal growth science and the microgravity tool

Publisher Summary Quantitative knowledge and predictive power are two things that are missing in crystal growth science. The predictive power of concepts in crystal growth is limited by insufficient elaboration of the concepts as well as by the lack of basic constants often following from the same concepts. Further development is required in growth kinetics, coupled kinetic-transport stability analyses, and in the numerous, practically crucial problems of defect formation. Molecular interactions and thus interfacial phenomena are not influenced by gravity. To study these interfacial processes, one should use vigorous stirring of solution or melt to ensure that the crystallization driving force at the interface is identical to the reliably measurable or calculated super-saturation, under-cooling and composition in the bulk fluid or gas. The application of microgravity (μg) to crystallization and solidification allowed the realization that Marangoni convection may be essential even under terrestrial conditions and is superimposed on the buoyancy or solutal convection in terrestrial technologies. Experiments in μg suggested that convection may have a detrimental effect on the bio macromolecular crystals—proteins, viruses, DNA, RNA, and their complexes.
Norway's Kirkens Bymisjon Leads the Way in Care of the Vulnerable.

Caring for vulnerable persons is a global humanitarian and nursing concern. The Norwegian Kirkens Bymisjon system cares for vulnerable people groups in 40 cities, serving as a model for other countries. In 2009, church-city-mission collaborations in Bergen, Trondheim, and Tromso were visited; follow-up data were collected in 2014. At each site, a combination of the diaconal organization, the city or municipality, and donors from the private sector identify and establish a governing board, analyze vulnerable groups most in need of service, and build programs to meet needs.
NAEB research seminar for educational television and radio

To review the status of research in educational broadcasting, assess its adequacy in the light of contemporary requirements and propose a program of urgently needed research, 23 research specialists from organizations and institutions engaged in educational broadcasting participated in a five-day Seminar on Research in Educational Broadcasting. The Seminar was sponsored by the National Association of Educational Broadcasters with funds provided by the W. K. Kellogg Foundation. Management responsibility was handled by The Ohio State University, which also generously contributed the services of many members of its staff. The Seminar was held December 9–13, 1957, on The Ohio State University campus in Columbus. For the past few years, Dr. Tyler has been director of the annual Institute for Education by Radio and Television.
Renal Replacement Therapy for Patients Requiring ECMO Support

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an advanced mode of support for critically ill patients with life-threatening respiratory and/or cardiovascular failure who have failed conventional management. It is a temporary support most commonly implemented as a bridge to organ function recovery or definitive intervention (e.g., congenital heart defect repair, ventricular assistant device implantation, or heart or lung transplant). Patients who require ECMO are at high risk of developing multi-organ failure (MOF) including acute kidney injury. Renal replacement therapies are commonly used as a concomitant treatment with ECMO support to provide renal replacement and fluid management.
341 RISK FACTORS FOR TUBERCULOSIS MORTALITY AT A LARGE URBAN MEDICAL CENTER.

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is the second leading cause of death worldwide by an infectious disease. TB cases in the United States are concentrated among underserved populations in the inner city. Grady Memorial Hospital (GMH) cares for 80% of patients with TB in Atlanta and 20% of all TB cases in Georgia. This study looks at the Metro-Atlanta, GA, population that accesses the Grady Memorial Hospital for health care. The primary purpose of the following study is to identify risk factors resulting in a death outcome of within a year of TB diagnosis. Methods A matched case-control study was carried out looking at cases that died within 1 year of TB diagnosis between the years 1995 and 2005. The study population included persons between the ages of 18 and 65. Cases were matched to controls by year of diagnosis and if they outlived the 1 year since diagnosis. Results In preliminary analysis of 250 patients, 40 cases and 40 controls were identified. The mean age of the study population was 49 (median = 50; range = 30-62) years. There were 62 (77.5%) males and 18 (22.5) females. The odds ratio was significantly different among cases and controls with extrapulmonary TB, 3.143 (95% CI = 1.12, 8.8; p Conclusions There is a significant difference in the frequency of cases with extrapulmonary TB compared with the controls. Although the odds ratios are not significant between the death outcome and risk factors of alcohol, cocaine, IV drug use, and cigarette use, one possible reason is that these may be markers for other socioeconomic risk factors that contribute to TB mortality. Although the risk factors above do not correlate strongly with death, they do correlate strongly with getting the disease. TB mortality remains a serious public health concern in the inner city despite this being a treatable disease.
An integrated and dynamic framework for assessing sustainable resilience in complex adaptive systems

Growing awareness of climate change and resulting impacts to communities have generated increasing interest in understanding relationships between vulnerability, resilience, sustainability, and ada...
Candle charts for financial technical analysis

Technical analysis is an important part of financial industry, research, and teaching. The methodology has two parts: i) calculation of the individual tools and ii) visual representations. In this article, I provide a community-contributed command, candlechart, to draw the most common technical analysis charts. My intent is to draw these charts similarly to industry examples. The popular candle price chart is combined with charts for volume, moving-average convergence divergence, relative strength index, and Bollinger bands.
Neurotoxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls and related organohalogens

Halogenated organic compounds are pervasive in natural and built environments. Despite restrictions on the production of many of these compounds in most parts of the world through the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), many "legacy" compounds, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are routinely detected in human tissues where they continue to pose significant health risks to highly exposed and susceptible populations. A major concern is developmental neurotoxicity, although impacts on neurodegenerative outcomes have also been noted. Here, we review human studies of prenatal and adult exposures to PCBs and describe the state of knowledge regarding outcomes across domains related to cognition (e.g., IQ, language, memory, learning), attention, behavioral regulation and executive function, and social behavior, including traits related to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We also review current understanding of molecular mechanisms underpinning these associations, with a focus on dopaminergic neurotransmission, thyroid hormone disruption, calcium dyshomeostasis, and oxidative stress. Finally, we briefly consider contemporary sources of organohalogens that may pose human health risks via mechanisms of neurotoxicity common to those ascribed to PCBs.
Caudal Homeobox Gene-2 Staining Defines Intracranial Mature Teratoma with Differentiation to Colonic Adenocarcinoma.

Background Malignant transformation of a mature intracranial teratoma into an adenocarcinoma is an extremely rare event and portends a poor prognosis. The clinical progression, radiographic changes, histopathological findings, and immunohistochemistry findings from these unique cases might provide clues regarding this transformation. Caudal homeobox gene-2 (CDX-2) is a specific and robust marker for colonic adenocarcinomas and can also be used to identify differentiation of mature intracranial teratoma into colonic-type adenocarcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of the use of this specific marker for an intracranial malignancy. Case Description We present the case of a 55-year-old right-handed Hispanic-American woman with progressive headaches who was found to have a left posterior parietotemporal tumor with intraventricular extension. Surgical debulking was performed, and the pathologic examination revealed a mature teratoma. Despite surgical resection and radiotherapy, the teratoma progressed to a malignant mature intracranial teratoma both radiographically and histologically. Histological analysis of the third specimen revealed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. The tumor cells were positive for CDX-2 and cytokeratin 20 and negative for cytokeratin 7 and thyroid transcription factor-1, consistent with an enteric/colonic-type adenocarcinoma, demonstrating progressive atypia and malignancy. Conclusions Malignant transformation of a mature intracranial teratoma portends a poor prognosis. The exact histopathological diagnosis can facilitate treatment of these patients. CDX-2 is a specific robust marker for identifying differentiation of a mature intracranial teratoma into a colonic adenocarcinoma. This positive staining can also be observed in primary colonic and other adenocarcinomas. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of CDX-2 in the diagnosis of an intracranial malignancy. The triangulation of clinical progression, radiographic findings, and histopathological and immunohistochemistry findings provided clues regarding this unique transformation.
The Development of Trauma and Resilience Competencies for Nursing Education

BACKGROUND: Trauma and its consequences have been identified as a high-priority public health risk. A growing body of research reveals the devastating long-term consequences from common and widespr...
Differential effects of an electronic symptom monitoring intervention based on the age of patients with advanced cancer

Background Symptom monitoring interventions enhance patient outcomes, including quality of life (QoL), health care utilization, and survival, but it remains unclear whether older and younger patients with cancer derive similar benefits. We explored whether age moderates the improved outcomes seen with an outpatient electronic symptom monitoring intervention. Patients and methods We carried out a secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial of 766 patients receiving chemotherapy for metastatic solid tumors. Patients received an electronic symptom monitoring intervention integrated with oncology care or usual oncology care alone. The intervention consisted of patients reporting their symptoms, which were provided to their physicians at clinic visits, and nurses receiving alerts for severe/worsening symptoms. We used regression models to determine whether age (older or younger than 70 years) moderated the effects of the intervention on QoL (EuroQol EQ-5D), emergency room (ER) visits, hospitalizations, and survival outcomes. Results Enrollment rates for younger (589/777 = 75.8%) and older (177/230 = 77.0%) patients did not differ. Older patients (median age = 75 years, range 70–91 years) were more likely to have an education level of high school or less (26.6% versus 20.9%, P = 0.029) and to be computer inexperienced (50.3% versus 23.4%, P Conclusions Among patients with advanced cancer, age moderated the effects of an electronic symptom monitoring intervention on the risk of ER visits and survival, but not QoL. Symptom monitoring interventions may need to be tailored to the unique needs of older adults with cancer.
Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel SS304 for Dry Storage Canisters in Simulated Sea-Water

A number of recent studies have suggested that dry storage canisters (DSCs) made of austenitic stainless steel SS304 to store spent nuclear fuel located along coastal region may undergo stress corrosion cracking (SCC) if their useful life is extended due to lack of a permanent underground burial repository. It, therefore, becomes necessary to understand SCC behavior of SS304 in marine environment. We report here our results on SCC of SS304H in simulated sea-water using fracture mechanics approach as a function of temperature. The average crack growth rates were noted to be 0.975 × 10−10 ± 9.528 × 10−12, 3.258 × 10−10 ± 9.551 × 10−11, and 1.580 × 10−9 ± 2.593 × 10−10 m/s at 22, 37, and 60 °C, respectively. The activation energy of the crack growth process was estimated to be 60.9 kJ/mol corresponding to diffusion of hydrogen in steel. Optical microscopy revealed intergranular nature of the crack growth.
Heterogeneity in striatal dopamine circuits: Form and function in dynamic reward seeking

The striatal dopamine system has long been studied in the context of reward learning, motivation, and movement. Given the prominent role dopamine plays in a variety of adaptive behavioral states, as well as diseases like addiction, it is essential to understand the full complexity of dopamine neurons and the striatal systems they target. A growing number of studies are uncovering details of the heterogeneity in dopamine neuron subpopulations. Here, we review that work to synthesize current understanding of dopamine system heterogeneity across three levels, anatomical organization, functions in behavior, and modes of action, wherein we focus on signaling profiles and local mechanisms for modulation of dopamine release. Together, these studies reveal new and emerging dimensions of the striatal dopamine system, informing its contribution to dynamic motivational and decision-making processes.
A RARE COMPLICATION OF A COMMON PROCEDURE: PULMONARY ARTERY PSEUDOANEURYSM SECONDARY TO RIGHT HEART CATHETERIZATION

Pulmonary artery aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms are rare entities resulting from various etiologies including congenital, acquired and iatrogenic. Prompt recognition, diagnosis and treatment is required to reduce mortality. An 80 year old female presented for further evaluation of dyspnea two months
Effects of biofumigant crop termination methods on suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes

Abstract Biofumigation is a soil sterilization technique using isothiocyanates (ITCs) generated from naturally occurring glucosinolates (GLs, thioglucosides) in members of Brassicaceae. Efficacy of biofumigation on plant-parasitic nematodes could be affected by the way biofumigant crops are terminated. The objective of this research was to determine biofumigant crop termination method suppressive to Meloidogyne spp. and Rotylenchulus reniformis on zucchini (Cucurbita pepo). Three field trials were conducted where ‘Sodbuster’ oil radish (OR; Raphanus sativus) and ‘Caliente 199’ brown mustard (MS; Brassica juncea) were grown as biofumigant crops and subjected to various termination methods. In the first trial (Trial I), OR and MS were each terminated by: 1) clipping off shoots at soil line and covering residues with woven weed mat in no-till (NT); 2) macerating shoots followed by tilling (MT); and 3) MT plus covering with black plastic (MTBP). In the second and third trials (Trials II and III), MS was terminated by: 1) NT; 2) MT; or 3) MTBP, in the same way, described in Trial I; 4) macerating shoots in no-till (MNT); 5) MNT plus covering residues with black plastic (NTBP); and tilling without prior tissue maceration (T). A bare ground (BG) control was included in each trial. Brown mustard MTBP suppressed soil populations of Meloidogyne spp. (Trial I-III) or R. reniformis (Trial I), reduced severity of root galls (Trial I-II) and increased zucchini canopy (Trials I and III) (P ≤ 0.05). None of the OR treatments suppressed Meloidogyne spp. and R. reniformis, but MT and MTBP reduced severity of root galls and increased zucchini canopy (Trial I). When soil glucose and sulfate were analyzed as indicators of biofumigation efficacy, sulfate depicted biofumigation efficacy in the order of MTBP > MT > T, higher than in no-till treatments (NT, MNT, and NTBP) and BG. A similar trend in the glucose was observed only when toluene (methylbenzene) was added immediately to soil samples to arrest microbial degradation of glucose. In summary, Meloidogyne spp. were sensitive to biofumigation than R. reniformis. Biofumigation effect was stronger with MS than OR, and MTBP was the most suppressive treatment on the targeted nematodes. Soil sulfate was more stable in the soil than glucose, thus a good indicator of biofumigation.