cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
OXYGEN CONSUMPTION BY THE SEABED. II. IN SITU MEASUREMENTS TO A DEPTH OF 180 m1

Oxygen consumption by the seabed in Puget Sound was measured in situ in bell jars pushed into the bottom while monitored by television. Eleven stations were visited irregularly between January and August 1967. Depths ranged from 11 to 180 m, and sediment varied from coarse sand to mud. Observed short-term rates were between 4 and 40 ml O2 m−2 hr−1 and were unrelated to depth (pressure), mean grain size, fine fraction of the sediment, organic matter or organic nitrogen in the upper 0.5 cm, or the biomass of macrofauna. Temperature accounted for only about 30% of the total variation in rates. We suggest that the seasonal changes of rates, and possibly the differences between stations, are caused primarily by changes of activity of small organisms as governed by the rate of supply of organic matter from the plankton. Estimates of annual rates of oxidation of organic matter on the seabed correspond to 17 and 25% of the phytoplankton production (14C uptake) near the stations in northern and southern Puget Sound, respectively.
Recruiting healthy volunteers for research participation via internet advertising.

Objective: The Internet is frequently used as a tool to recruit research subjects, and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) provides general guidance regarding such advertising. The goal of this study was to explore the incidence and nature of ethically inappropriate recruiting advertisements on the Internet and to provide descriptive guidance to researchers for responsible Internet recruiting. Methods: In this study, 119 advertisements recruiting health volunteers and listed on the CenterWatch Clinical Trials Listing Service website were reviewed for content as well as text style and visual effects. Results: The majority of advertisements satisfied FDA guidance. However, 21 (18%) were ethically troubling with regard to font size, font style, and/or verbiage. In many advertisements, it was unclear if “medication” meant “investigational drug,” “over-the-counter medication” or US FDA approved “prescription medication.” Nearly 30% of the 119 advertisements used the terms “free,” “no charge” or “no cost” as lures. Conclusion: Ethically problematic recruiting advertisements can be coercive and misleading. Descriptive guidance provided in this paper can help clinical researchers create ethically appropriate recruiting advertisements.
Predictors of in-hospital complications after pericardiectomy: a nationwide outcomes study.

Objective Advances in medical care had caused a paradigm shift in the indications for pericardiectomy. We evaluated the current predictors of in-hospital complications for pericardiectomy. Methods Patients who underwent pericardiectomy between 1998 and 2008 were identified from the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Risk-adjusted logistic regression model was used to analyze the predictors of surgical outcomes. Results A total of 13,593 patients underwent pericardiectomy during this period. Pericardiectomy was performed for constrictive pericarditis (28%; n = 3851), pericardial calcification (15%; n = 2061), secondary malignancies (3%; n = 456), adhesive pericarditis (2%; n = 318), and other causes (40%; n = 5461). Unadjusted mortality and complication rates were approximately 8% and 48%, respectively. Fourteen percent of patients required blood transfusion. Only 62% were routinely discharged home. After risk adjustment, age, female gender, comorbidity index, and the primary diagnosis independently predicted in-hospital mortality and overall complication rates ( P P P .01) and incidence of bleeding complications (OR, 2.61; P .01). Conclusions Morbidity remains high for pericardiectomy. In addition to age, gender, and comorbidities, attention should be given to etiology during surgical planning or referral. This significantly influences the requirement for cardiopulmonary bypass, chances of bleeding complications, and transfusion requirements.
Lp-PLA2: A New Target for Statin Therapy

Inflammation plays an important role in atherogenesis and plaque vulnerability. Inflammatory-type markers have been evaluated for their association with atherosclerotic vascular disease and their ability to improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk stratification. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) is a vascular-specific inflammatory enzyme that increases the risk of CVD events and stroke approximately twofold. A consensus panel recently recommended the measurement of Lp-PLA(2) in moderate-risk and high-risk patients for improved risk stratification and modification of low-density lipoprotein target levels. Lipid-lowering agents, particularly statins, lower Lp-PLA(2) mass and activity; therefore, Lp-PLA(2) may represent an important target of lipid-lowering therapy for reducing the inflammatory nature of atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability. It is unknown whether lowering inflammatory markers such as Lp-PLA(2) will have a direct benefit on CVD events and mortality. A large morbidity and mortality trial was recently initiated to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of darapladib, an Lp-PLA(2) antagonist, in patients with high-risk coronary heart disease.
Fiber Optic Systems For Mobile Platforms - A Naval Radar Installation

In late 1987, a fiber optic link demonstration was conducted on USS Nimitz (CVN-68) as part of a CNO task to develop standards and specifications for shipboard applications of fiber optics. The demonstration was sponsored by the Naval Sea Systems Command Fiber Optics Program Office (NAVSEA 56ZC) and implemented by the Naval Sea Systems Command Surveillance Systems Subgroup (NAVSEA 62X). The Johns Hopkins University / Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) was tasked by NAVSEA 62X to serve as principal technical agent for the demonstration. The objective of the project was to demonstrate the practical application of fiber optic technology in a shipboard environment, and to draw lessons applicable to the development of fiber optic standards for shipboard use.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF THE FORMATION OF THE CELLULAR BLASTODERM IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER.

Abstract 1. 1. The transition from the syncytial to the cellular blastoderm has been studied in Drosophila melanogaster embryos with the electron microscope. 2. 2. The ultrastructure of the syncytial blastoderm is described during the first stage of membrane growth. Before cell membranes form between the nuclei located at the surface of the embryo, the nuclei are spherical and lack nucleoli. Flattened cisternae of ER are present below the nuclei, but most of the basophilia of the cytoplasm is due to the presence of many unattached ribosomes. As the cell membranes form, a nucleolus appears in the nuclei which elongate and withdraw from the surface. 3. 3. Tubular extensions of the outer nuclear membrane occur near the membrane furrows, and these tubules, or vesicles from the tubules, may fuse with the furrow. However, rows of vesicles along the future site of the cell membranes are not found. 4. 4. The cytoplasmic side of the furrow bears filamentous material, 500 A in thickness. This material is lacking on other membranes and it is possibly related to the formation of new cell membrane material.
Rho GTPase CDC42 regulates directionality and random movement via distinct MAPK pathways in neutrophils

Neutrophil transmigration into tissue is a multiple-step process that results from a coordinated rearrangement of the cytoskeleton and adhesion complexes. Assembly and disassembly of actin and adhesion structures dictate motility behavior, while polarity and gradient sensing provide directionality to the cell movement. Here, using mice deficient in the CDC42 regulator CDC42 GTPase-activating protein (CDC42GAP), we demonstrate that CDC42 activity separately regulates neutrophil motility and directionality. CDC42GAP–/– neutrophils showed increased motility, while directed migration was defective. Podosome-like structures present at the leading edge in wild-type neutrophils were significantly reduced in CDC42GAP–/– cells. CDC42GAP–/– neutrophils also showed increased lateral and tail filopodia-like formation, and excess membrane protrusions. We further suggest that CDC42GAP-mediated extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) activity regulates motility associated with podosome-like structures at the cell leading edge, while CDC42GAP-induced p38MAPK phosphorylation regulates directed migration by antagonizing filopodia assembly. Overall, this study reveals that CDC42 activity regulates both motility and directionality in neutrophils, but via distinct mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways.
The effect of repeated occurrences on judgments of recency

Judgments of recency were found to depend on whether the event judged had occurred once or twice. Repeated events outside of the immediate memory span were judged more recent when the occurrences were massed, but the effect was not consistent with spaced occurrences. Subjects judged the frequency of spaced repetitions as accurately as massed repetitions. The results were interpreted as supporting a view that S s judge recency by discriminating strength of traces.
French Riviera hosts Second European GaN Workshop

Abstract During the second week of June, 120 participants converged on Valbonne, France, situated near Cannes, to attend The Second European GaN Workshop. For a change, the Workshop was blessed with outstanding weather which greatly enhanced the evenings' cocktail and dinner festivities, and permitted the many wives and other guests to fully enjoy the French Riviera while the scientists were hard at work. The weather, and unbelievable French haute cuisine, highlighted a successful Workshop at which nearly all of the major European groups were represented.
PFGE and YAC analysis of the Arabidopsis genome

Procedures for the preparation, analysis, and cloning of large DNA molecules from Arabidopsis thaliana are described. Root callus protoplasts are used to prepare large DNA molecules in agarose plugs or in liquid. Large DNA preparations can be used both for restriction enzyme analysis of the Arabidopsis genome and for molecular cloning of large segments of DNA into yeast using artificial chromosome vectors. Size selection of ligation products from pulsed-field gels has allowed for the cloning of YACs with an average insert size of 0.25 Mbp; yeast artificial chromosomes range in size from 0.07 to 0.7 Mbp. PFGE and blot hybridization analyses of Arabidopsis DNA-containing yeast artificial chromosomes demonstrated that both unique and highly repeated DNA sequences are represented. The roles of PFGE and yeast artificial chromosome cloning methods for physical mapping of the Arabidopsis genome are discussed.
The Pathways Study: a randomized trial of collaborative care in patients with diabetes and depression

Background There is a high prevalence of depression in patients with diabetes mellitus. Depression has been shown to be associated with poor self-management (adherence to diet, exercise, checking blood glucose levels) and high hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) levels in patients with diabetes. Objective To determine whether enhancing quality of care for depression improves both depression and diabetes outcomes in patients with depression and diabetes. Design Randomized controlled trial with recruitment from March 1, 2001, to May 31, 2002. Setting Nine primary care clinics from a large health maintenance organization. Participants A total of 329 patients with diabetes mellitus and comorbid major depression and/or dysthymia. Intervention Patients were randomly assigned to the Pathways case management intervention (n = 164) or usual care (n = 165). The intervention provided enhanced education and support of antidepressant medication treatment prescribed by the primary care physician or problem-solving therapy delivered in primary care. Main Outcome Measures Independent blinded assessments at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months of depression (Hopkins Symptom Checklist 90), global improvement, and satisfaction with care. Automated clinical data were used to evaluate adherence to antidepressant regimens, percentage receiving specialty mental health visits, and HbA1clevels. Results When compared with usual care patients, intervention patients showed greater improvement in adequacy of dosage of antidepressant medication treatment in the first 6-month period (odds ratio [OR], 4.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.28-7.55) and the second 6-month period (OR, 2.90; 95% CI, 1.69-4.98), less depression severity over time (z = 2.84,P = .004), a higher rating of patient-rated global improvement at 6 months (intervention 69.4% vs usual care 39.3%; OR, 3.50; 95% CI, 2.16-5.68) and 12 months (intervention 71.9% vs usual care 42.3%; OR, 3.50; 95% CI, 2.14-5.72), and higher satisfaction with care at 6 months (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.18-3.43) and 12 months (OR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.67-4.97). Although depressive outcomes were improved, no differences in HbA1coutcomes were observed. Conclusion The Pathways collaborative care model improved depression care and outcomes in patients with comorbid major depression and/or dysthymia and diabetes mellitus, but improved depression care alone did not result in improved glycemic control.
Factors associated with change in physical functioning in the elderly: a six-year prospective study

This study analyzes risk factors associated with 6-year change in physical functioning for 356 members of the Alameda County Study aged 65 and over. Statistically significant associations were found for baseline age, family income, perceived health, number of chronic conditions, prevalent stroke, prevalent heart attack, exercise, going out, marital status, social networks, depression, and internal health locus of control. Relatively strong (but not statistically significant) associations were found for ethnicity, smoking, and weight. Incident conditions during follow-up that had statistically significant associations with change in function included hip fracture, stroke, serious fall, and heart attack. Controls for prevalent and incident conditions attenuated the associations for only ethnicity, smoking, weight, and marital status. Interventions directed at the risk factors identified here may hold promise for extending independent physical functioning in old age
729 CYSTINE STORAGE IN I-CELL AND CYSTINOTIC FIBROBLASTS

I-cell (MLII) fibroblasts have a high free-cystine (cys) content. As in cystinotic (C) cells, the cys is in lysosomes. In cystine-free media with 1mM cysteamine, both cell types lose 50% of their cys in 6-9 min. The rate of loss changes with time, and by 60 min the decrease of cys is 88-97% in C cells but only 54-64% in MLII cells. Following removal of cysteamine and replacement with complete medium, cys reaccumulation in the first 8 h.is much greater in C cells (0.27-0.48 nmol/mg prot/h.) than in MLII cells (0.02-0.04 nmol/mg/h.). From 8 to 24 h. the rates of reaccumulation of both cell types are similar (0.06 nmol/mg/h.). Reaccumulation of cys in complete medium containing 30 mM glutathione-cysteine disulfide (GSSC) is increased 380% in C cells, but only 140% in MLII cells. With 50 μM chloroquine, the reaccumulation of cys in complete medium is inhibited in both cell types. Chloroquine does not inhibit the marked increase in cys reaccumulation with GSSC seen in C cells, but does in MLII cells. This suggests that the mechanism of cystine storage differs in the two cell types and that protein degradation is a more important source of cys in MLII than in C cells.
Doubly‐charged ethane ions: Solution to the dilemma of stability predicted by theory and instability observed in experiment

Potential energy curves have been computed for [C2H6]2+ ions and the results used to interpret the conspicuous absence of these ions in 2E mass spectra and in charge-stripping experiments. The energies and structures of geometry-optimized ground-state singlet and excited-state triplet [C2H6]2+ ions have been determined along with energies for different decomposition barriers and dissociation asymptotes. Although singlet and triplet [C2H6]2+ ions can exist as stable entities, they possess low energy barriers to decomposition. Vertical Franck-Condon transitions, involving electron impact ionization of ethane as well as charge-stripping collisions of [C2H6]+ ions, produce [C2H6]2+ ions which promptly dissociate since they are formed with energies in excess of various decomposition barriers. Appearance energies computed for doubly-charged ethane fragment ions are in accordance with experimental values.
Nucleation in small capillary tubes

Abstract In this paper, the classical theory of nucleation is extended to describe heterogeneous nucleation in small capillary tubes, of diameters of less than 100 μm. The effect of confinement within progressively finer capillary tubes is to increase the required superheat or applied tension before nucleation is observed and is particularly pronounced when the liquid has been pre-compressed under high pressure. Thus, by reducing the tube diameter, the nucleation thresholds or concentrations of gases which remain dissolved in carrier liquids transported along capillaries can be raised. The extended theory requires a pair of experimentally-determined coefficients which account for physico-chemical effects on nucleation at the tube surface. It then yields results for capillary tubes of a range of diameters in good agreement with: (i) experimental measurements of the degree of supersaturation of water with oxygen which can be achieved without nucleation during decompression; and (ii) measurements of the temperature at which nucleation of pure water is observed.
Enterprise-wide Implementation of Digital Radiography in Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging: The University of Florida Dentistry System

The implementation of digital radiography in dentistry in a large healthcare enterprise setting is discussed. A distinct need for a dedicated dental picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) exists for seamless integration of different vendor products across the system. Complex issues are contended with as each clinical department migrated to a digital environment with unique needs and workflow patterns. The University of Florida has had a dental PACS installed over 2 years ago. This paper describes the process of conversion from film-based imaging from the planning stages through clinical implementation. Dentistry poses many unique challenges as it strives to achieve better integration with systems primarily designed for imaging; however, the technical requirements for high-resolution image capture in dentistry far exceed those in medicine, as most routine dental diagnostic tasks are challenging. The significance of specification, evaluation, vendor selection, installation, trial runs, training, and phased clinical implementation is emphasized.
Counteraction of cortisone inhibition of body, hair and thymus growth by vitamin B12 and aureomycin.

Summary(1) Cortisone was injected in daily doses of .5 mg for 30 days into 130 immature male albino rats on a vitamin B12-deficient diet. The depressions of body, hair, and thymus growth which resulted were completely or partially prevented by incorporating 200 fig of vit. B12 pr kilo of ration or .005% aureomycin. (2) Vit. B12 was more effective in these respects than aureomycin, and the combination of the two substances was more effective than either alone. (3) The favorable actions of the vitamin and antibiotic were accompanied by an increase in food consumption and greater efficiency in converting food into body weight gains. (4) It is concluded that when large doses of cortisone are injected into rats on a vit. B12-deficient diet, the deficiency becomes aggravated and thus accounts at least in part for the observed inhibitions of body and hair growth. The mechanisms by which vit. B12 and aureomycin protect the thymus against cortisone action are as yet unknown.
Modulating polymer chemistry to enhance non-viral gene delivery inside hydrogels with tunable matrix stiffness

Non-viral gene delivery holds great promise for promoting tissue regeneration, and offers a potentially safer alternative than viral vectors. Great progress has been made to develop biodegradable polymeric vectors for non-viral gene delivery in 2D culture, which generally involves isolating and modifying cells in vitro, followed by subsequent transplantation in vivo. Scaffold-mediated gene delivery may eliminate the need for the multiple-step process in vitro, and allows sustained release of nucleic acids in situ. Hydrogels are widely used tissue engineering scaffolds given their tissue-like water content, injectability and tunable biochemical and biophysical properties. However, previous attempts on developing hydrogel-mediated non-viral gene delivery have generally resulted in low levels of transgene expression inside 3D hydrogels, and increasing hydrogel stiffness further decreased such transfection efficiency. Here we report the development of biodegradable polymeric vectors that led to efficient gene delivery inside poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels with tunable matrix stiffness. Photocrosslinkable gelatin was maintained constant in the hydrogel network to allow cell adhesion. We identified a lead biodegradable polymeric vector, E6, which resulted in increased polyplex stability, DNA protection and achieved sustained high levels of transgene expression inside 3D PEG-DMA hydrogels for at least 12 days. Furthermore, we demonstrated that E6-based polyplexes allowed efficient gene delivery inside hydrogels with tunable stiffness ranging from 2 to 175 kPa, with the peak transfection efficiency observed in hydrogels with intermediate stiffness (28 kPa). The reported hydrogel-mediated gene delivery platform using biodegradable polyplexes may serve as a local depot for sustained transgene expression in situ to enhance tissue engineering across broad tissue types.
Optomechanical transduction in coupled wheel resonators

We investigate the optomechanical transduction in two side-coupled wheel resonators and show that it is related to the optical energy distribution. We also demonstrate sensitive optomechanical transduction when degrading Q factors of one resonator.
Cost containment: A charge comparison of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Two matched groups of patients who underwent endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the middle one third of the patellar tendon were retrospectively reviewed to compare hospitalization charges. Group 1 had the procedure performed in the outpatient surgical center owned by our hospital, and group 2 underwent the surgical procedure in the main operating suite of Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center. The charges of the surgical procedure and their relation to postoperative hospitalization were reviewed. An average charge difference of $7,390 (range, $3,679 to $12,202) was obtained in the outpatient surgical center. A number of surgical and anesthetic techniques are discussed that allow major reductions in charges for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and allow outpatient surgery to be performed routinely.
Mutation of the Myxoma virus SERP2 P1-site to prevent proteinase inhibition causes apoptosis in cultured RK-13 cells and attenuates disease in rabbits, but mutation to alter specificity causes apoptosis without reducing virulence

Abstract Myxoma virus (MYX) prevents apoptosis in RK-13 cells and forms thick dermal lesions with 100% mortality in rabbits. MYX encodes the virulence factor SERP2, a serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin). SERP2 was mutated to evaluate SERP2 function during MYX infection. MYXΔSERP2::lacZ (deleted for SERP2) did not inhibit apoptosis in RK-13 cells; infected rabbits had thin dermal lesions and
INEXPENSIVE CHEMICAL DEFENSE NETWORK FOR A FIXED SITE

The Inexpensive Chemical Agent Detection System (ICADS) consists of a network of affordable line-of-sight sensors, each designed to detect chemical threats passing between two points with high sensitivity and a low false-alarm rate. Each leg of the ICADS system is composed of two devices, a broadband IR transmitter, and a receiver containing a long-wave-IR spectrometer. The spectrometer continually measures the spectrum of the radiation emitted by the transmitter, which is separated from the receiver by up to several hundred meters, forming a line of protection. A chemical vapor or aerosol plume with sufficient long-wave-IR absorption causes a characteristic change in the spectrum of light collected by the receiver as the plume crosses the protected line, signaling a threat. Background measurements were conducted to determine background-limited performance. Additionally, a sensor composed of a long-wave-IR fixed-grating spectrometer and a hot-filament transmitter was designed and built. Measurements of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and resolution agree with our analytical model and meet sensor requirements.
Complex-energy solutions of the relativistic Kepler problem at high energies

In the relativistic Kepler problem the analytic continuation of the principal quantum number n into i..nu.. describes the scattering states. When ..nu../sup 2/ ranges from -infinity to ..cap alpha../sup 2/ the energy ranges from (m/sub 1/+m/sub 2/) to infinity. In the remaining gap 0<..nu../sup 2/<..cap alpha../sup 2/, the energy becomes complex corresponding to a continuum of resonances or perhaps pair production. This phenomenon also exists in the classical relativistic problem, and we suggest that one should look experimentally for the manifestation of this gap.
Discrete-time IDA-passivity based control of coupled tank processes subject to actuator saturation

Interconnection damping assignment passivity based control (IDA-PBC) is an emerging control design method which allows an engineer to systematically design an advanced controller for complex non-linear systems. As a result specific gain ranges can be determined which can prevent an operator (adversary) from accidentally (maliciously) setting control gains which could potentially destabilize the system. However in order to generate the controller the engineer will have to resort to using symbolic numerical solvers in order to complete the design. This can be both a cumbersome and error-prone task which can be automated. We present initial results of a tool which simplifies IDA-PBC. In addition many fluid control problems posses tight operating regions in which pumps degrade over time. As a result actuator saturation may occur for given set-point profiles which will lead to integrator wind-up and more oscillatory behavior. We provide a non-linear anti-windup control-law which greatly improves system resilience to such degradation. Finally we demonstrate that IDA-PBC works reasonably well for moderately large sampling times by simply applying the bilinear transform to approximate any additional (non-linear) integral control terms.
Commentary on Kirkland

In his fine paper on the aims of Aristotle’s methods, Sean Kirkland suggests that Aristotle practiced a proto-phenomenological approach to truth. In doing so, Kirkland reminds us of the lived dimension of Aristotle’s philosophizing, an active and ongoing response to the world that begins long before the emergence of philosophical concepts and systems. I am in sympathy with much of what Kirkland argues. However, I think more needs to be said about the relationship between dialectic and demonstration, and about the precise nature of dialectic itself, which Aristotle characterizes as a form of deductive argument, rather than the loose collection of inductive techniques implied by Kirkland. Aristotle shows a remarkable sensitivity to the complexity of searching for principles, and the variety of means by which the search is conducted, implying a need for a discourse on methods, though he himself supplies it only unsystematically.
Determination of serum lactic dehydrogenase by an automatic reaction-rate method

Abstract An automatic spectrophotometric reaction-rate method is described for the determination of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in blood serum. The method is based on the oxidation of lactic acid in the presence of LDH and diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPN) to form an absorbing species DPNH. The time required for a small fixed (about 0.06 unit) change in absorbance is measured automatically and related to the LDH concentration. Automatic results obtained on samples containing 0.05 to 0.2 ml of serum show good proportionality and a coefficient of variation of 1.3%. Serum samples (0.2 ml) are analyzed at a rate of 15 to 20 per hour.
The utility of the presence or absence of chest pain in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction

In 422 patients admitted from the emergency department (ED) for suspected acute myocardial infarction, the hypothesis that chest pain that persists on arrival in the ED or recurs during the initial ED evaluation is a useful predictor of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and complications of coronary ischemia was tested. Compared with patients whose chest pain spontaneously ceased before arrival in the ED, patients whose chest pain persisted or recurred during the initial ED evaluation had a 2.3 times greater risk of interventions (P less than .001), a 1.7 times greater risk of complications (P = .045), a 3.8 times greater risk of life-threatening complications (P = .04), and a 2.4 times greater risk of AMI (P = .005). A third group of patients with suspected AMI never experienced chest pain. This group of patients who never experienced chest pain had a three times higher risk of death (P = .02) compared with patients whose chest pain persisted or recurred in the ED, and a 2.1 times greater risk of intervention (P = .01), a 5.2 times greater risk of life-threatening complication (P = .015), and a 7.9 times greater risk of death (P = .025) compared with patients whose chest pain resolved before arrival in the ED. It was concluded that patients with chest pain that resolves spontaneously before arrival to the ED have a better in-hospital prognosis than any other group.
Absolute total cross section for electron scattering from molecular hydrogen from 1 to 50 eV.

A time-of-flight electron transmission spectrometer was employed to measure the absolute total electron-scattering cross section (elastic plus inelastic, integrated over all angles) for molecular hydrogen for incident electron energies from 1 to 50 eV. A complete error analysis is included. Comparisons are made with recent measurements and calculations.
Rheumatic tricuspid valve disease: Two-dimensional echocardiographic, hemodynamic, and angiographic correlations

From March 1977 through April 1982, 2-dimensional echocardiography detected 372 patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease. Of these patients, 23 (6%) had tricuspid valve involvement. Two-dimensional echocardiographic criteria of rheumatic tricuspid valve disease included thickened leaflets with restriction in motion, diastolic doming, and encroachment of the leaflet tips on the ventricular inlet. These criteria provided a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 90%, a predictive accuracy of 21%, and a negative predictive value of 100% in diagnosing hemodynamically significant tricuspid stenosis. Hemodynamic variables in patients with rheumatic tricuspid valve disease (Group I) were compared with those in patients with no rheumatic tricuspid disease (Group II). The only significant difference was mean right atrial pressure (15 ± 7 mm Hg versus 11 ± 5 mm Hg, p
In vitro effects of smokeless tobacco extract on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (Il-1β) production, and on lymphocyte proliferation

The use of smokeless tobacco (moist snuff) products is associated with mucosal lesions, gingival recession, attachment loss, and oral cancer. Despite numerous reports on the general toxic effects of smokeless tobacco extract, little information is available regarding the specific effects of smokeless tobacco on immune response. Inflammatory cytokines released as a result of smokeless tobacco-induced irritation may play a role in the development of oral mucosal lesions at habitual tobacco placement sites in smokeless tobacco users. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to determine whether an aqueous extract of smokeless tobacco (STE) affects the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin -1β (IL-1β), and the proliferation of lymphocytes. A macrophage cell line (J774-A1) was used to measure the effects of STE on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin -1β (IL-1β) secretion. Mouse splenocytes were used to assess the effects of STE on lymphocyte proliferation. We found that STE at low concentrations enhanced the production of both TNF-α and IL-1β. Furthermore, STE at similar concentrations enhanced mitogen-induced murine splenocyte proliferation. Overall, these data suggest that smokeless tobacco upregulated two key proinflammatory cytokines and also induces lymphocyte proliferation.
Brunhes time scales and the interpretation of climatic change

Abstract Two new δ18O time scales have been developed for the Brunhes Epoch using equatorial Pacific core V28-238. The first is based on a constant accumulation rate of aluminum, an assumption which has been shown to be acceptable for the last 360,000 years of the record by comparison with 230Th ages determined via the continuous strip-sample technique. The aluminum scale yields an age of 138,000 years for termination II and 693,000 years for the Brunhes-Matuyama reversal. Spectral and cross spectral analysis of the δ18O records of V28-238 and a detailed composite Indian Ocean record, using the aluminum time scale as well as two earlier time scales, indicates that the Pleistocene climate has been forced by periodic fluctuations of the earth's obliquity and precession. Based on this result, the second new time scale (TWEAQ) has been derived by tuning the δ18O record of V28-238 to the record of the earth's obliquity. TWEAQ yields an age of 127,000 years for termination II and 728,000 years for the Brunhes-Matuyama reversal. Spectral analysis of the δ18O record dated by TWEAQ indicates that 30% of the variance of the ice volume record can be ascribed to linear forcing by the earth's orbital parameters, but the trend of the data is consistent with a stochastic model.
Radiometric calibration and monitoring of NOAA AVHRR data for ISCCP

The methodology developed to monitor the radiometric calibration of NOAA AVHRR data and to normalize succeeding polar orbiters for the International Satellite Cloud Project (ISCCP) is described. Results are given for NOAA-7, -8, and -9 Channel 1 (visible) data. The successful normalization of NOAA-8, and -9, to NOAA-7 permits the ISCCP calibration standard to be maintained over time. A correction for the degradation of NOAA-9 data and an absolute calibration for the entire ISCCP dataset are presented.
Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Induces Heparan Sulfate 6-O-Endosulfatase 1 Expression in Vitro and in Vivo

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 plays an important role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. In this study we examined the relationship between TGF-β1 stimulation and the expression of heparan sulfate (HS) 6-O-endosulfatase 1 (Sulf1) in cultured normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLFs) and in murine lungs in vivo. By removing 6-O-sulfates from specific HS intrachain sites on the cell surface, Sulf1 has been shown to modulate the activities of many HS binding growth factors and morphogens including fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2. Real time reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that TGF-β1 increased Sulf1 expression in NHLFs in a dose- and time-dependent manner which was accompanied by a decrease in 6-O-sulfated disaccharides as revealed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Decreased ERK activation after FGF-2 stimulation was observed in TGF-β1-treated NHLFs compared with control cells without changes in HS-dependent FGF-2 binding or FGF-2·FR1c complex formation. To study the function of Sulf1, negative control or Sulf1-specific small interference RNA (siRNA)-transfected NHLFs were stimulated with TGF-β1. Enhanced Smad2/3 phosphorylation and elevated total Smad2 protein level were observed in Sulf1 siRNA-transfected cells and were accompanied by enhanced expression of α-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin. In addition, Sulf1 siRNA transfection enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of TGF-β1. Finally Sulf1 expression was up-regulated in the lungs of mice treated with adenovirus encoding active TGF-β1. Taken together, our data indicate that Sulf1 is a TGF-β1-responsive gene both in vitro and in vivo and may function as a negative regulator of TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis.
Use of the Fermilab Advanced Computer Program Multi-Microprocessor as an on-Line Trigger Processor

The Fermilab Advanced Computer Program is constructing a powerful multi-microprocessor system for data analysis in high-energy physics. The system will use commercial 32-bit microprocessors and be programmed in Fortran-77. A large array of support software allows easy migration of user applications from a uniprocessor environment to the multiprocessor, as well as providing sophisticated program development, debugging, and error handling and recavery tools. This system will provide computing power with a cost effectiveness of $3000-4000 per VAX 11/780 equivalent. We describe here the applications of this system as an on-line trigger processor. The low cost, commercial availability, compatibility with off-line analysis programs, and high data bandwidths (up to 160 MByte/sec) make this system an ideal choice for such real-time applications.
Combining Expert Strategies in Multimodal Classification

In multimodal classification, we look for a set of strategies for mining and exploiting the most informative modalities for a given situation. These strategies are computations performed by the algorithms. In this paper, we propose to consider strategies as advice given to an algorithm by “expert.” There can be several classification strategies. Each strategy makes different assumptions regarding the fidelity of a sensor modality and uses different data to arrive at its estimates. Each strategy may place different trust in a sensor at different times, and each may be better in different situations. In this paper, we introduce a novel algorithm for combining expert strategies to achieve robust classification performance in a multimodal setting. We provide experimental results using real world examples to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
Multi-modal proteomic analysis of retinal protein expression alterations in a rat model of diabetic retinopathy.

Background As a leading cause of adult blindness, diabetic retinopathy is a prevalent and profound complication of diabetes. We have previously reported duration-dependent changes in retinal vascular permeability, apoptosis, and mRNA expression with diabetes in a rat model system. The aim of this study was to identify retinal proteomic alterations associated with functional dysregulation of the diabetic retina to better understand diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis and that could be used as surrogate endpoints in preclinical drug testing studies. Methodology/Principal Findings A multi-modal proteomic approach of antibody (Luminex)-, electrophoresis (DIGE)-, and LC-MS (iTRAQ)-based quantitation methods was used to maximize coverage of the retinal proteome. Transcriptomic profiling through microarray analysis was included to identify additional targets and assess potential regulation of protein expression changes at the mRNA level. The proteomic approaches proved complementary, with limited overlap in proteomic coverage. Alterations in pro-inflammatory, signaling and crystallin family proteins were confirmed by orthogonal methods in multiple independent animal cohorts. In an independent experiment, insulin replacement therapy normalized the expression of some proteins (Dbi, Anxa5) while other proteins (Cp, Cryba3, Lgals3, Stat3) were only partially normalized and Fgf2 and Crybb2 expression remained elevated. Conclusions/Significance These results expand the understanding of the changes in retinal protein expression occurring with diabetes and their responsiveness to normalization of blood glucose through insulin therapy. These proteins, especially those not normalized by insulin therapy, may also be useful in preclinical drug development studies.
The van allen hypothesis - the origin of the magnetic field of the planets and stars (revised)

Summary form only given. The magnetic moment of planets, stars and pulsars are proportional to their angular momentum over twelve orders of magnitude. This was empirically derived by Van Allen. The theory put forward in this paper reproduces the relationship. This model assumes that the magnetic field is produced due to the rotation of the celestial body in a nonrotating plasma cloud that surrounds it. The plasma cloud is constituted by a Faraday electrical generator, which acts as the primary source of the magnetic field. The exceptions to the curve plotted in the graph are planets lying substantially below it. This is explained by the theory giving only the limiting value. Transient behavior giving zero or changing magnetic fields is not yet included. A limiting value to the magnetic field is found by using "Bohm conductivity" across the magnetic field. The assumption in this theory is in contrast to the previous assumption that the source of the magnetic field was the flow of magma in the celestial body itself. The paper puts forward a simple mathematical model, which matches the experimental results with no adjustable parameters
AL- JIHĀD AL-AKBAR: NOTES ON A THEME IN ISLAMIC SPIRITUALITY

Analyse du theme du Gihad al-akbar, la grande guerre sainte que l'homme mene contre lui-meme, de son aspect spirituel chez le Prophete Muhammad et al-Hallaj par exemple. L'A. montre son developpement et sa terminologie dans le soufisme, ainsi que son aboutissement : la " Science des coeurs " et les armes spirituelles de ce combat
Measuring the effectiveness of schooling policies in developing countries: Revisiting issues of methodology

Abstract This paper revisits the following issues regarding measuring schooling cost-effectiveness: (1) difficulties in evaluating school effectiveness from behavioral data due to measurement problems, both unobserved determinants of outcomes and choices of those involved and imperfect measures of observed variables; (2) evidence on marginal values of schooling outputs and on schooling production relations and methodological issues in underlying studies and their carryover to cost-benefit estimates; and (3) reflections on methodological improvements in assessing the cost-effectiveness of schooling policies, inevitable limitations in such assessments given information problems, and on complementary and more general schooling policy changes to improve schooling in light of information problems.
Flow Properties of a Supersonic Turbulent Boundary Layer with Wall Roughness

Anexperimental study ofthe ine uenceofsurfaceroughness on themean and turbulente owproperties of a highspeed (M =2:9;Re/m=2:0 ££ 10 7 ) turbulent boundary layer e ow was performed. Six wall topologies, including a smooth and e ve rough surfaces consisting of three random sand-grain plates and two uniformly machined plates (k + =100‐570), were tested. Mean e ow measurements included surveys of the velocity and density. Turbulence quantities included direct measurements of the kinematic velocity turbulence intensities, mass e ux turbulence intensities, thekinematicReynoldsshearstress,thecompressibleReynoldsshearstressandthedensity-transversevelocity e uctuation correlation. The trends in the mean e ow, observed for incompressible e ow, were found to hold forthepresentstudywhenVanDriestIIscalingwasused.Kinematicstatisticalturbulente owpropertieswerefound to scale by local mean quantities. Conversely, turbulent e ow statistical properties with an explicit thermodynamic dependence did not scale by local mean quantities and had a strong linear dependence on roughness height. Roughnesswasfound to extend theregion where inner scaling held toward larger values of y + for thecompressible Reynolds shear stress, the x- and y-velocity component turbulence intensities, the x-component of the mass e ux turbulence intensity, and the density-transverse-velocity correlation.
Alfred Schutz: Transcendence, symbolic intersubjectivity, and moral value

This article uses the writings of Alfred Schutz as catalysts to analyze three distinctive modes of transcendences operative in human experience. Particular attention is given to the role symbolic awareness plays in the formation and embodiment of moral value. I argue that Schutz's theory of symbols is helpful in illuminating the way shared horizons of value meaning and collective moral purpose can occur in relation to cultural and geographical anonymity. I then draw upon the moral theory of H. Richard Niebuhr to highlight the positive role that symbolic value horizons play in preventing ethnocentric world-views and in promoting common centers of discourse and visions of wholeness.
Correction of B1 inhomogeneities using echo‐planar imaging of water

Reliable interpretation of the MR signal intensity over the FOV of an image must consider the spatial heterogeneity of instrumental sensitivity. A major source of such variation is the nonuniformity of the B 1 magnetic field of the radiofrequency coil. This heterogeneity can be minimized by coil design but is exaggerated by surface coils, which are used to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio for some applications. This paper describes a rapid method for mapping the B 1 field over the sample of interest, using l H echo-planar imaging, to correct for B l distortions. The method applies to l H imaging and has been extended to non- l H imaging by using dual-frequency coils in which the B 1 distributions are matched for the 1 H frequency and the frequency of interest. The approach is demonstrated in phantoms, animals, and humans and for sodium imaging.
Do you know your IQ?: a research agenda for information quality in systems

Information quality (IQ) is a measure of how fit information is for a purpose. Sometimes called Quality of Information (QoI) by analogy with Quality of Service (QoS), it quantifies whether the correct information is being used to make a decision or take an action. Not understanding when information is of adequate quality can lead to bad decisions and catastrophic effects, including system outages, increased costs, lost revenue -- and worse. Quantifying information quality can help improve decision making, but the ultimate goal should be to select or construct information producers that have the appropriate balance between information quality and the cost of providing it. In this paper, we provide a brief introduction to the field, argue the case for applying information quality metrics in the systems domain, and propose a research agenda to explore this space.