cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Care of spinal-cord-injured patients after the acute period.

Knowledgeable primary care physicians play an important role in providing comprehensive coordinated care for SCI patients. With the growing number of SCI patients being rehabilitated after their acute injury, there is an increasing demand for physicians, often general internists, to fill this role. A coordinated team, including a physiatrist, urologist, psychologist, and social worker, along with an interested primary care physician, can provide optimal patient care designed to improve the patient’s quality of life and decrease time lost due to medical morbidities.
Evolution of Fermi Level Crossings versus H Coverage on W(110)

Two-dimensional Fermi contours of clean and hydrogen-induced surface electronic states have been systematically measured vs coverage of H on W(110) using angle-resolved photoemission. We observe a new pair of spin-orbit-interaction-split surface states, whose splitting grows systematically with hydrogen coverage and whose Fermi contours are strongly nested due to their opposing curvatures. Momentum-dependent electronic transitions between these states drive two previously observed anomalous behaviors: The phonon anomalies along {ovr {Gamma}H} and {ovr {Gamma}S} observed with inelastic helium scattering and electron energy loss spectroscopy, and the shifted-upper-layer reconstruction observed by low-energy electron diffraction for coverages greater than 0.5 monolayer. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Standard parameters of preeclampsia: can the clinician depend upon them to reliably identify the patient with the HELLP syndrome?

EDITORIAL COMMENT: We accepted the following 3 gapers concerned with the HELLPsyndmme (haemolysis, elwated liver enzymes and low platelets) becuuse a series of 454 cases merits attention and we asked the authors to explain how they gathered such a large series. It has been standard teaching to recommend delivery of the patient with swere preeclampsia, more or less irrespective of the period of gestation. At times this ruling is not followed when the baby is judged to be immature. There is also the question of whether betamethasone thempy should be used when these women are treated conservatively. Readers should note that the authors are not recommending comernative management of women with severe preeelampsia and the HELLPsyndrome. TWO of these 3 paperspresent results in 270f the 427patients (6.3 %)given corticosteriods when it was judged pmper practice to allow conservative management for a few days. Our senior miewer from the Royal Women's Hospitai, Melbourne, calculated that in our community we would need about 225,000pregnancies to obtain 454 cases of the HELLPsyndrome (preeclampsia 2% and the HELLPsyndmme in 10% of these). ‘The syndrome described is really one of thrornbocytopenia and hyperuricaemia. The authors do not define their criteria for haemolysis or elevated liver enzymes. The value of classijication of the severity of the HELLP syndmme on the basis of the platelet count is questioned since the worst prognosis in these cases is when there is consumptive eoagulopathy, microhaemangiopathic anaemia and epigastric pain in association with impaired liver function’. The senior author was asked to explain the source of the series and the clussification of severity of the condition and he provided the following:
Feasibility and Early Safety of Single-Stage Hybrid Coronary Intervention and Valvular Cardiac Surgery

Background. Hybrid percutaneous coronary intervention offers an alternative method of revascularization for high-risk surgical populations. We report the outcomes of a single-stage hybrid strategy in valvular cardiac surgery and explore its effects on operative risk and bleeding. Methods. In a hybrid operating room, 26 patients underwent hybrid surgery consisting of femoral arterial access, then coronary stenting followed by valve surgery, with appropriate heparin dosing. Clopidogrel (300 mg) was given on anesthesia induction in nonreoperative cases, or at the time of cross clamping (after stenting) for reoperative cases. Results. Mean follow-up was 680 ± 277 days. The planned coronary stenting and surgery was successful in all patients. Major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adverse events occurred in 1 patient, with no inhospital deaths observed. No vascular complication or stent thrombosis was observed with the described antiplatelet regimen. Outcomes were comparable to those of standard bypass valve replacement surgery. Conclusions. This study demonstrates the feasibility and early safety of a single-stage hybrid strategy with coronary stenting followed by valvular surgery in patients at increased surgical risk. Hybrid procedures may lower operative risk by eliminating or reducing the need for bypass grafting.
The scholars' nursery.

Abstract There has never been a more critical time for the development of cadres of younger, better-prepared nurse researchers. The following 3 current factors underscore this need: the current and prolonged nursing shortage that affects practice, research, and teaching; the increased emphasis on health promotion, disease prevention, and reduction in health disparities as articulated in Healthy People 2010 ; and the renewed effort to advance the image of nursing as an intellectual as well as compassionate enterprise. There are a limited number of institutions equipped to prepare these nurse scholars with undergraduate and graduate education and postdoctoral training in an accelerated manner, to provide mentoring throughout their education by funded faculty researchers, and to protect the focus of this career preparation and trajectory. Schools of nursing that have baccalaureate, master's, and doctoral programs and are highly ranked with respect to their National Institutes of Health funding have the opportunity and responsibility to create accelerated research-intensive tracks that link the baccalaureate through doctoral programs and move the graduates to postdoctoral training. These schools of nursing will have to identify which students to recruit and how the development of the research-intensive track will modify their schools' curricula and the institutions themselves. The profession will have to identify and create the environment that sanctions the legitimacy of scholars prepared in this way.
Synergy among Seemingly Independent Activities

“Synergy” implies that the value of activities undertaken jointly is greater than the sum of the values of the individual activities. Reasons cited for synergy include economies of scale, benefits due to vertical integration, and efficiency gains from shared inputs and skills. This paper shows that incentive (control) reasons alone can make activities synergistic. The result is derived in a model of adverse selection with risk-neutral participants and linear technology. The linearity in the setting removes any obvious benefits to undertaking activities in tandem. Synergy gains are attributed to a convexity in the principal's payoff introduced by the activities' impact on the production versus rents trade-off.
Crack opening interferometry—The effects of optical refraction

Abstract This paper contains an analytical prediction of the distortions of interference fringes near a crack tip resulting from refraction of the light rays due to the stress field. The effects of these distortions on the results of crack opening interferometry (COI) experiments for determining stress intensity factors are discussed.
Tortuosity characterization of 3D microstructure at nano-scale for energy storage and conversion materials

Abstract A distance propagation method is presented for calculating tortuosity with relatively low computation time from three-dimensional (3D) tomographic data. Moreover, a novel concept of tortuosity distribution is developed to provide a more comprehensive picture of inhomogeneous microstructures where tortuosity depends on the actual 3D paths. Instead of using one single tortuosity value, the tortuosity distribution both as spatial distribution map and also statistic histogram can provide a more complete description. The method, which can be applied to any porous medium, is tested against a diffusion-based tortuosity calculation on two 3D microstructures: a LiCoO2 cathode electrode of lithium ion battery measured by x-ray nano-tomography and a lanthanum strontium manganite–yttria-stabilized zirconia, solid oxide fuel cells cathode measured using focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy serial sectioning. The present method is shown to provide good-agreement with the effective diffusion-based tortuosity values.
The Internet as recruitment tool for HIV studies: Viable strategy for reaching at-risk Hispanic MSM in Miami?

Although use of the Internet as a vehicle for HIV/STI research is increasing, its viability to recruit at-risk populations such as Hispanic men who have sex with men (HMSM) to participate in community-based HIV studies is in its infancy. We report on the first 171 participants enrolled in an ongoing study exploring use of the Internet to recruit Hispanic men who have sex with men (HMSM) living in Miami-Dade County, Florida to participate in community-based studies. We report our initial success with chat-room recruitment and describe the sexual and drug use practices of the initial set of participants who were recruited through the Internet. In addition, we describe the formative work conducted to develop the Internet recruitment procedures we are testing. In two months, we spent 211 hours recruiting in chat-rooms and engaged 735 chatters. One hundred and seventy-six men came to our community sites; 172 (98%) were eligible and completed an audio computer-assisted self-interview. In the previous six months, 94.7% of participants had anal sex; 48.9% did not use condoms for anal sex or used them inconsistently; and 48.5% had used club drugs. Six-month use rates for individual drugs were: poppers (31.6%), cocaine (15.8%), ecstasy (14%) and crystal methamphetamines (11.7%). Use of club drugs was significantly associated with unprotected insertive and unprotected receptive anal sex. These initial findings point to the Internet's potential as a tool for recruiting at-risk Hispanic MSM for community studies.
Efficient calculation of finite Gabor transforms

The Gabor transform may be viewed as a collection of localized Fourier transforms and as such is useful for analysis of nonstationary signals and images. We present a new approach to analyzing the Gabor transform and use it to study the various critically sampled discretizations that form the infinite-discrete, periodic finite-discrete, and nonperiodic finite-discrete versions of the transform. In particular, we distinguish between the analysis and synthesis forms of the transform, and introduce an intermediate operation that decomposes both forms into collections of independent Toeplitz operators. In the continuous, the infinite-discrete, and the periodic finite-discrete cases, this decomposition allows us to show that, for appropriate windows, the analysis and synthesis transforms are inverses of each other. In the nonperiodic finite-discrete case this relation no longer holds, but we are still able to use the decomposition and results on Toeplitz matrices to show that both the transform and the inverse transform of P discrete samples are computable in O(P log P) operations (after a setup cost of O(Plog/sup 2/P)). Furthermore, we use the decomposition to study in detail the differences between the periodic and nonperiodic versions of the transform and to compare their conditioning.
Biosynthesis of cocaine and cuscohygrine from [1-14C]acetate and [4-3H]phenylalanine in erythroxylon coca

Abstract A mixture of sodium [1- 14 C]acetate and DL -[4- 3 H]phenylalanine ( 3 H/ 14 C  1.0) was administered to Erythroxylon coca plants by painting an aqueous solution of these compounds on the leaves. The leaves were removed after two weeks and yielded labeled cocaine ( 3 H/ 14 C  11.4)and cuscohygrine. A systematic degradation of the cocaine indicated that 96% of the 3 H was located in the para -position of its benzoyl moiety, and the 14 C was located in the ecgonine residue at positions in accord with the accepted biosynthesis of this alkaloid. The cuscohygrine, containing a negligible amount of 3 H, was found to have 67% of its 14 C located on the carbonyl carbon. Cocaine, isolated from a second crop of leaves, harvested 10 weeks after the initial feeding, was still labeled at specific positions.
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Expression Is Required for Clonogenic Growth of Human Glioma Cells

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a heparinbinding protein, expressing potent mitogenic and angiogenic properties. Elevated levels of bFGF have been identified in human gliomas and glioma cell lines, suggesting that bFGF expression is involved in the aberrant growth patterns associated with these tumors. In the present study, the influence of bFGF on additional parameters of glioma cell malignancy was evaluated utilizing three distinct methods to suppress bFGF expression or activity including antisense oligonucleotide primers, a neutralizing monoclonal antibody or an inhibitor of the agonist action of bFGF: (1) The addition of 30 μM bFGF-specific antisense oligonucleotide primer to the human glioma cell line SNB-19 resulted in a 55% inhibition in colony formation in soft agar. This effect was dose-dependent and specific, as sense strand primer was ineffective in suppressing growth. In addition to exhibiting fewer colonies, antisense treatment significantly altered colony morphology. (2) SNB-19 cell growth in culture was suppressed in the presence of a neutralizing bFGF-specific monoclonal antibody. (3) Inositolhexakisphosphate, a newly identified antagonist of FGF binding and activity, suppressed SNB-19 cell growth in soft agar culture. These results demonstrate that bFGF may regulate glioma growth and progression independent of its role in tumor angiogenesis and that bFGF release or secretion may be required for these actions. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Dissociation of adrenal ascorbic acid and corticosterone responses to stress in rats with hypothalamic lesions.

A dichotomy has been observed between the adrenal ascorbic acid and corticosterone response to surgical stress in male rats with bilateral electrolytic lesions placed in the hypothalamus. Thus lesions in the posterior and midcentral portions of the hypothalamus specifically inhibited corticosterone release without altering adrenal ascorbic acid response or the weights of target organs dependent upon the normal production of pituitary hormones. Similarly, lesions in the basal tuberal region inhibited adrenal ascorbic acid depletion without affecting corticosterone release in response to stress. However, the latter lesions (which involved the median eminence) were not adrenal specific inasmuch as atrophy of the testes, seminal vesicles and prostate was also noted. Gross damage to the median eminence, basal tuberal region and portal systems blocked both adrenal responses and frequentty resulted in atrophy of the thyroid and adrenal glands as well as of the sexual target organs. Water intake following hypotha...
The good intentions of IEEE standard 1180, may it rest in peace

The 8×8 IDCT (Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform) is an integral component of many standard digital image and video compression schemes, including JPEG baseline and the MPEG family of standards. A statistically-oriented standard, ANSI/IEEE 1180–1990, specifies the accuracy for a compliant 8×8 IDCT. ANSI/IEEE 1180–1990 has a checkered history, including being twice administratively withdrawn, notwithstanding that the standard has continuously been referenced by the MPEG family of standards. The standard was withdrawn for the second time in February 2003 and is not currently supported by either ANSI or IEEE. In response to the withdrawal of the standard, the MPEG family has initiated procedures to replace the reference with self-contained wording. This paper examines the intent and some implications of the now-withdrawn ANSI/IEEE 1180-1990 IDCT standard.
Diabetic neuropathy--a continuing enigma.

In this article we will review the clinical signs and symptoms of diabetic somatic polyneuropathy (DPN), its prevalence and clinical management. Staging and classification of DPN will be exemplified by various staging paradigms of varied sophistication. The results of therapeutic clinical trials will be summarized. The pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy reviews an extremely complex issue that is still not fully understood. Various recent advances in the understanding of the disease will be discussed, particularly with respect to the differences between neuropathy in the two major types of diabetes. The neuropathology and natural history of diabetic neuropathy will be discussed pointing out the heterogeneities of the disease. Finally, the various prospective therapeutic avenues will be dealt with and discussed.
Reduced nuclear triiodothyronine receptors in starvation-induced hypothyroidism.

Abstract Starvation of male rats during 48 hours causes a marked reduction of serum thyroxine, serum triiodothyronine, and liver nuclear triiodothyronine content. Liver nuclear receptors capacity for binding of triiodothyronine was reduced, in contrast to thyro-previc hypothyroidism in which binding capacity is normal. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activities were reduced. In contrast to typical hypothyroidism, serum thyrotropin was low. This form of pituitary non-responsive hypothyroidism may represent a selective response to caloric and/or amino acid deprivation.
Drill wandering motion: Experiment and analysis

Abstract Drill wander patterns are analysed using a finite element model that includes the effects of transverse shear, rotatory inertia and gyroscopic moments. C o -compatible finite elements provide an effective method for obtaining transient drill path loci. Energy dissipation is allowed in the form of friction between the drill tip and work-piece. The analysis is limited to the motion prior to full penetration. Experiments were performed and the predictions of drill point wander patterns by the proposed finite element model show good agreement.
An Unresolved Tension in Marx's Critique of Justice and Rights:

A tension persists in Marx's thought between his Kantian respect for the inviolability of persons and his consequentialist ethical theory which defines our moral obligations in terms of advancing historical progress. Since the Kantian part seems to require a theory of rights, the possibility of which the other part denies, his critique of rights is examined and shown to be deficient. In rejecting non-relative standards of right and justice, Marx rejects important implications of his own insights into human moral motivation; and he errs in criticizing the institutions of rights as destructive of community. Whether we consider ‘specific’ or ‘general’ rights, they are not only compatible with community, but necessary foundations for the development of communal feelings. Instead, it is wrongful action—and not the consequent claiming of rights—that is subversive of community.
Developing Safety Performance Function for Freeways by Considering Interactions Between Speed Limit and Geometric Variables

Safety performance functions (SPFs) are crash prediction models that quantitatively relate the expected number of crash counts with traffic volume and roadway and roadside geometries. SPFs help traffic safety officials identify unsafe locations and take appropriate counteractive measures. A study assembled crash and roadway geometry data of freeways (only Interstate highway data were used for this study) in Connecticut for development of SPFs. Models were estimated separately for single-vehicle and multivehicle crashes. Total and fatal and injury crashes were considered for model estimation for both single-vehicle and multivehicle crashes. For each crash category, three model estimations were performed with negative binomial distribution models with all geometric variables, with speed limit only, and with interaction between speed limit and roadway geometric variables. The best models were selected for each crash category through a comparison of goodness-of-fit measures (Akaike information criterion). Int...
The Distribution of Family Sizes Under a Time-Homogeneous Birth and Death Process

The number of extant individuals within a lineage, as exemplified by counts of species numbers across genera in a higher taxonomic category, is known to be a highly skewed distribution. Because the sublineages (such as genera in a clade) themselves follow a random birth process, deriving the distribution of lineage sizes involves averaging the solutions to a birth and death process over the distribution of time intervals separating the origin of the lineages. In this article, we show that the resulting distributions can be represented by hypergeometric functions of the second kind. We also provide approximations of these distributions up to the second order, and compare these results to the asymptotic distributions and numerical approximations used in previous studies. For two limiting cases, one with a relatively high rate of lineage origin, one with a low rate, the cumulative probability densities and percentiles are compared to show that the approximations are robust over a wide range of parameters. It...
Synthesis, stereodynamics, and reactivity of isonitrile derivatives of dodecacarbonyltetrairidium

Abstract The reaction of Ir 4( CO) 12 with t-BuNC or MeNC in the presence of trimethylamine oxide in refluxing tetrahydrofuran provides the substituted iridium clusters Ir 4 (CO) 12-x (RNC) x ] (χ  14; R  t-Bu, Me). The infrared and 13 C NMR spectra of these molecules indicate that most of them adopt structures related to Ir 4 (CO) 12 , i.e., they have only terminal carbonyl ligands. The variable temperature 13 C NMR spectra for Ir 4 (CO) 11 (t-BuNC) establish a carbonyl scrambling process which is the formal inverse of the C 3v → T d scrambling mechanism proposed for Rh 4 (CO) 12 . The kinetics of substitution of Ir 4 (CO) 12 by t-BuNC have been studied. Each substitution step occurs by a ligand-dependent, overall second-order reaction at a rate much greater than for substitution by PPh 3 . The observed differences between t-BuNC and PPh 3 , can be rationalized on the basis of steric differences between the two ligands.
Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei in Columbian black-tailed deer from Oregon

Documenting the occurrence of Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei has historically relied on the morphological examination of adult worms collected from the skeletal muscle of definitive hosts, including deer. Recent advances in the knowledge of protostrongylid genetic sequences now permit larvae to be identified. Dorsal-spined larvae (DSLs) collected in 2003-2004 from the lung and feces of six Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) from Oregon were characterized genetically. The sequences from unknown DSLs were compared to those from morphologically validated adults and larvae of P. odocoilei at both the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of ribosomal DNA and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II gene. We provide the first unequivocal identification of P. odocoilei in Columbian black-tailed deer from Oregon. The broader geographic distribution, prevalence, and pathology of P. odocoilei are not known in populations of Oregon deer.
The Shaw Scalpel.

The Shaw Scalpel is a new relatively inexpensive electric scalpel that produces cold-steel scalpel accuracy with instant coagulation of most blood vessels encountered in dermatologic surgery. It surely will become a favorite instrument for dermatologic surgeons.
Measurement of the initial rate of serum cholesterol esterification.

Abstract A method for the measurement of initial rate of serum cholesterol esterification is described. The technique is a modified version of the assay described originally by Stokke and Norum (7). Improvements include the depression of background values as well as an increase in the overall efficiency of the procedure. The study of healthy male human subjects revealed that the initial rate of cholesterol esterification increases linearly with the individual's serum free cholesterol content.
Application of nitric oxide in drug discovery and development

ized orassociatedwithperturbationsin nitricoxide(NO)production/signaling. Therapeutics or strategies designed to restore normal NO homeostasis will likely have broad application and utility in human health. This highly complex and multi-step pathway for NO production and subsequent target activation provides many steps in the endogenous pathway that may be useful targets for drug development. Important therapeutic areas for NO-based therapies are inflammatory disorders, cardiovascular diseases, erectile dysfunction and metabolic disorders. Areas covered: The following review will discuss the endogenous NO pathway, highlight the current market and indications for NO-based therapeutics, as well as identify pathway targets currently under drug development. Each step along the NO pathway will be discussed including exogenous sources of NO, use of precursors to promote NO production and downstream pathways affected by NO production with advantages and disadvantages highlighted for each. Expert opinion: Development of NO-based therapeutics is and will continue to be a major focus of biotech and pharmaceutical companies. Understanding and utilizing dietary and nutritional strategies to restore NO homeostasis could allow for safer, quicker marketing of products that may be just as efficacious as drugs designed against specific targets.
Protective role of human lactoferrin against invasion of Shigella flexneri M90T.

Lactoferrin is an iron-binding protein found in human mucosal secretions such as milk A variety of functions have been ascribed to this protein; it appears to contribute to antimicrobial host defense. Still its overall physiological role remains to be defined. We sought to study the role of recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLf) inShigellainfection. Invasion of epithelial cells is essential to the development of bacillary dysentery.Shigella flexneri5 M90T, a virulent strain, was evaluated in the classic HeLa cell invasion model, in immunoblots, and by transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and deconvolved microscopy. Bacteria not exposed to rhLf were used as controls. We found that rhLf decreased significantly the invasiveness ofS. flexneri5 M9OT in a HeLa cell model. The immunoblot data showed that invasion plasmid antigen B (IpaB) was released from the bacteria during incubation with rhLf. Lactoferrin treatment did not directly dissociate the complex of IpaB and IpaC (IpaBC) once the complex had been formed. Furthermore, ferric iron had no effect on release of IpaB. Electron microscopy of rhLf-treated bacteria suggested a
Phonon dispersion relations for holmium

Abstract Using triple axis neutron spectrometry, the following branches of the phonon dispersion surfaces of paramagnetic holmium have been studied at 295°K: LA, LO, TA, and TO along [0001], LA, LO, TA⊥ and TO⊥ along [01 1 0] and LA and TA⊥ along [1 12 0]. Good agreement with interpolated elastic constants is obtained.
Analysis of underivatized amino acids and their D/L-enantiomers by sheathless capillary electrophoresis/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

Capillary electrophoresis/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (CE/ESI-MS) was applied to the analysis of underivatized amino acids and the separation of their d/l-enantiomers. Under full-scan mode, all standard protein amino acids were separated and detected at low-femtomole levels using a 130-cm-long, 20-μm-i.d., 150-μm-o.d. underivatized fused-silica capillary with 1 M formic acid as the background electrolyte. The CE/ESI-MS technique was also applied to the separation of l-arginine from l-canavanine (a close analogue of arginine where the terminal methylene linked to the guanidine group of arginine is replaced by an oxygen atom) in a complex mixture containing all standard protein amino acids. The utility of CE/ESI-MS in the analysis of real-world samples was demonstrated by the identification of two metabolic diseases (PKU and tyrosinemia) through blood analysis with minimal sample preparation. In addition, the on-line separation of 11 underivatized l-amino acids from their d-enantiomers was ach...
Transient current regulation using a single DC-DC converter for high-efficiency RGB LEDs

This paper presents a dual-current regulating solution for a 3W light-emitting diode (LED) driver. This is useful for systems that use a single DC-DC converter driving multiple LEDs (e.g., interleaving red, green, and blue LEDs) to generate the full color range. When switching from blue to red, variations in LED forward voltage will cause a transient current spike of 1.5A for a desired steady state current of 300mA. Utilization of our work's dual current regulation reduces the transient current spike to as little as 10% overshoot of the desired steady state current, which has not been accomplished in previous works to the authors' knowledge. This regulation technique requires no extra control circuitry with minimal added design complexity, and only draws additional power when it is in use at LED transitions, allowing the system to operate at above 90% efficiency as suggested by SPICE simulations.
Regularizing inverse problems in image processing with a manifold-based model of overlapping patches

Local patch-based models have been shown to be effective in numerous image processing applications and have become the core of the state-of-the-art denoising, inpainting and structural editing algorithms. Most such modeling approaches mainly rely on searching for similar patches in the set of available patches. However, the apparent similarity between sufficiently small (e.g., 5×5 pixels) image regions motivates modeling them with a low-dimensional manifold instead and suggests the existence of a simple parametrization for it. Although there exist manifold models for a single patch, it has remained an open problem how to efficiently represent an entire image in terms of its overlapping patches drawn from the underlying non-linear manifold. We propose to consider an image to lie on the intersection of separate manifolds corresponding to different overlapping patches, which we approximate with affine subspaces in a kernel-induced feature space. In contrast to our previous work on this topic, here we solve the intersection and preimage problems simultaneously, ensuring the existence of a suitable solution in the input space. This significantly improves the performance and robustness of our method. Our method incorporates any desired equality constraints on the image, and thus can be used to regularize any linear inverse problem with the manifold intersection model. Our experimental results show nearly perfect compressive sensing reconstruction of images whose patches are well described by a manifold model, as well as exceptional performance in denoising and inpainting.
Role of bacteriophage M13 gene 2 in viral DNA replication.

The gene 2 protein of the filamentous single-stranded DNA phage M13 is shown to be essential for single-stranded DNA synthesis as well as for synthesis of the double-stranded replicative form (RF) DNA. The results from temperature-shift experiments with gene 2 temperature-sensitive mutants and from infections with gene 2 amber mutants lead us to conclude that the gene 2 protein is involved in introducing a single-strand break into the covalently closed circular RFI† molecules, thus allowing them to replicate.
Rats more readily acquire a time-of-day go no-go discrimination than a time-of-day choice discrimination.

Abstract Male Sprague–Dawley rats were used to compare six time-place training procedures that differed with respect to housing or training conditions. All procedures involved training food-deprived rats to enter one choice arm of a T-maze during a morning test session and to enter the other choice arm during an afternoon session to obtain Cocoa Puffs®. The task proved to be difficult. Only 39 of 49 rats attained a criterion of nine correct choices on ten consecutive trials within a total of 120 trials. Making one choice arm distinct, limiting consecutive same correct choices to two, giving one session during the light and one during the dark portion of the light cycle, extinguishing perseveration of the same choice responses, and housing the rats with a natural light cycle all failed to significantly decrease the errors or trials to a 90% correct choice criterion. In contrast, all responding rats ( n =7) showed significantly better than chance performance within 48 trials when the task was a go no-go discrimination based on time of day. Learning to make a response during a session when a choice to either choice arm is reinforced and to withhold responding during a session when a choice to neither choice arm is reinforced was relatively easy for the rats to acquire. Continued high level performance after the light cycle was eliminated, a random feeding schedule was initiated, and other time-related cues were masked suggests that the rats used internal cues or an internal clock to make the correct go or no-go response. It was concluded that rats are prepared to use time of day as an occasion-setting stimulus, but have difficulty using time of day as a signal for a specific response.
The elastic constants of Ni3Al at 0 and 23.5 °C

The elastic constants of Ni3Al are determined at 0 and 23.5 °C by ultrasonic measurements performed on a single crystal (with parallel sets of (110), (110), and (001) faces) of stoichiometric Ni3Al. The (adiabatic) ice point values, which are estimated to be accurate to within ±0.2%, are as follows: C11 = 2.243, C12 = 1.486, C44 = 1.258 × 1011 N/m2. The C44 and C12 are within about 2% of the corresponding values for pure nickel. The C11 of Ni3Al is smaller than that of pure nickel by about 12% resulting in a significantly higher elastic anisotropy for the ordered alloy as opposed to the pure metal. The experimental data are used to calculate the elastic moduli of polycrystalline Ni3Al possessing a random distribution of crystallite orientations. Both the Cij and polycrystalline moduli values reported here differ significantly from published results for this alloy.
Abstract A118: The PARP1 inhibitor olaparib (AZD2281) enhances radiation‐induced DNA damage in BRCA1/BRCA2 wild‐type head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines

Introduction: In 2008, there were approximately 65,000 cases of head and neck cancer diagnosed in the United States, with over 500,000 cases worldwide. For many patients with locally advanced disease, multiple treatment modalities are combined and typically include radiotherapy, which induces DNA damage in tumor cells. Poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is involved in maintenance of genome integrity, and functions as a key mediator of DNA repair. The objective of this study was to determine if combining the PARP1 inhibitor olaparib (AZD2281) with radiation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines results in enhanced DNA damage and cell death. Materials and Methods: The effects of olaparib and radiation were assessed in the BRCA1/BRCA2 wild‐type HNSCC cell lines UMSCC2, HN31, MDA‐584, and UMSCC25. DNA damage following treatment was determined 2 hours post‐radiation by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry using γ‐H2A.X‐Alexa488 conjugated antibodies. Single cell electrophoresis (comet assay) 24 hours post‐radiation was used to measure DNA fragmentation, and long‐term cell survival was evaluated by clonogenic survival. Results: In all cell lines tested, both radiation and olaparib alone induced DNA damage as measured by γ‐H2A.X foci formation, and the combination of olaparib and radiation significantly enhanced this response. DNA fragmentation was also greater in combination treatments, and this lead to a lower clonogenic survival for all cell lines. Conclusions. The combination the PARP inhibitor olaparib with radiation enhanced DNA damage in HNSCC cell lines and lead to greater cell death. This study demonstrated that PARP1 inhibition combined with a DNA damaging agent such as radiation was effective in inhibiting growth of BRCA1/BRCA2 wild‐type cell lines. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):A118.
Twenty Years of Country-of-Origin Food Labeling Research: A Review of the Literature and Implications for Food Marketing Systems

Recent legislation by the United States and European Union governments now mandates the provision of country-of-origin (COO) information at the point of purchase for a variety of meats, fruits, vegetables, and other assorted food products. To better understand the significance of these regulatory changes, two decades of existing COO food labeling research are synthesized, reviewed, and discussed. The implications for two primary sets of actors within aggregate marketing systems, consumers and practitioners, are then discussed from a macromarketing perspective. Based on the reviewed literature, the authors conclude that little generalizable knowledge about COO food labeling effects exists, and further identify a lack of sufficient theoretical application and development as a primary reason. Consequently, the exact impact of mandatory (and voluntary) COO labeling initiatives for consumers and practitioners still remains unclear and highly debatable. Thus, as these initiatives continue to make country-of-ori...
Error Performance of DQPSK with EGC Diversity Reception over Fading Channels

This paper derives the average bit error probability (BEP) of differential quaternary phase shift keying (DQPSK) with postdetection equal gain combining (EGC) diversity reception over independent and arbitrarily correlated fading channels. First, using the associated Legendre functions, the average BEP of DQPSK is analyzed over independent Rayleigh, Nakagami-m, and Rician fading channels. Finite-series closed-form expressions for the average BEP of DQPSK over L-branch independent Rayleigh and Nakagami-m fading channels (for integer Lm) are presented. Besides, a finite-series closed-form expression is given for the average BEP of differential binary phase shift keying (DBPSK) with EGC over independent Rician fading channels. Second, an alternative approach is propounded to study the performance of DQPSK over arbitrarily correlated Nakagami-m and Rician fading channels. Relatively simple BEP expressions in terms of a finite sum of a finite-range integral are proposed. Moreover, the penalty in signal to noise ratio (SNR) due to arbitrarily correlated channel fading is also investigated. Finally, the accuracy of the results is verified by computer simulation.
Maternal transfer of photoperiodic information in Siberian hamsters. IV. Peripubertal reproductive development in the absence of maternal photoperiodic signals during gestation.

Peripubertal reproductive development of Siberian hamsters is influenced by phozoperiodic information received during gestation; the maternal pineal is important for this process. We obser.’ed that in the absence of the maternal pineal, the fetus appears to receive no information about gestational phozoperiods. This is no: the equivalent of receipt of a long-day signal by the fetus. Pinealectomized and sham -operated pregnan:females were exposed to photoperiods of 12L:12D, 14L:IOD, 16L:8D, or constant light (IL); young were reared from birth to 28 days of age in IL or 14L:JOD. Regardless of the gestational photoperiod, U-reared male young born to pinealectomized dams had smaller testes than 11.-reared young of pineal-ituact dams exposed to 16L:8D while pregnant. Thus, pinealectomy did not result in transmission of a long-day signal, nor did young born ofpinealectomized dams receive short- or intermediate-day signals. Unlike young of pineal-intac: females exposed to 12L: 12D or 14L:IOD while pregnant, young born of pinealectomized dams had small testes when reared in 14L:IOD, irrespective of gestational photoperiod. Uterine weights offemale young presented similar patterns of responses. In a second experiment, adultfemales were entrained to 12L:12D, 14L:IOD, or 16L:8Dfor3 wkprior topinealectomy to determine if the effect of maternal pinealec:omy would be altered. Entrainment to the new photoperiod prior to surgery did not alter the effects of maternal pinealec:omy.
EGAN: exploratory gene association networks

Summary: Exploratory Gene Association Networks (EGAN) is a Java desktop application that provides a point-and-click environment for contextual graph visualization of high-throughput assay results. By loading the entire network of genes, pathways, interactions, annotation terms and literature references directly into memory, EGAN allows a biologist to repeatedly query and interpret multiple experimental results without incurring additional delays for data download/integration. Other compelling features of EGAN include: support for diverse -omics technologies, a simple and interactive graph display, sortable/searchable data tables, links to external web resources including ≥240 000 articles at PubMed, hypergeometric and GSEA-like enrichment statistics, pipeline-compatible automation via scripting and the ability to completely customize and/or supplement the network with new/proprietary data. Availability: Runs on most operating systems via Java; downloadable from http://akt.ucsf.edu/EGAN/ Contact: ude.fscu.cc@etteuqap.essej Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Rock Magnetism and Paleomagnetism of Some North Pacific Deep-Sea Sediments

Detailed paleomagnetic and rock magnetic studies have been conducted on eight deep-sea cores from the North Pacific. Magnetic studies include alternating field demagnetization, thermal demagnetization, anhysteretic remanent magnetization studies, magnetic hysteresis measurements over a variety of different temperatures, viscous and drying effects, strong field versus temperature measurements, x-ray diffraction, and x-ray fluorescence analyses. Six of the eight cores studied contain an abundance of fossils, particularly silicoflagellates, and appear to have acquired their remanent magnetization sufficiently close to the surface to reliably record the Earth9s paleomagnetic field. The remaining two cores do not contain fossils and do not appear to accurately record the Earth9s paleomagnetic field. Low-temperature oxidation appears to have occurred in situ in these cores. A gamma phase (cation-deficient spinel) iron-titanium oxide with lattice parameter of 8.38 A and Curie temperature of 545°C near the top of the cores changes with depth to a gamma phase with lattice parameter of 8.33 A and Curie temperature near 600°C close to the bottom of the cores. These chemical changes appear to be associated with the production of a chemical remanent magnetization that makes it impossible to use these cores for paleomagnetic studies. This work summarizes many of the problems in obtaining reliable paleomagnetic results from deep-sea cores, including possible spurious magnetic directions resulting from chemical changes, drying, and coring effects.
Serum response factor: positive and negative regulation of an epithelial gene expression network in the destrin mutant cornea.

Increased angiogenesis, inflammation, and proliferation are hallmarks of diseased tissues, and in vivo models of these disease phenotypes can provide insight into disease pathology. Dstncorn1 mice,...
Asthma and Panic Attacks Among Youth in the Community

Objective. To determine the association between asthma and panic attacks among youth in the community. Method. Data were drawn from the Methods for the Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders (MECA) Study (n = 1285), a community-based sample of youth age 9–17 in the United States. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between asthma and both panic attacks and panic disorder, adjusting for differences in sociodemographic characteristics and comorbid mental disorders. Results. Asthma was associated with a significantly increased likelihood of panic attacks [OR = 1.5 (1.01, 2.2)]. This effect was specific and persisted after adjusting for differences in demographics and psychiatric comorbidity. Severe asthma was associated with an even greater likelihood of panic attacks [OR = 2.2 (1.3, 4.0)]. There was a dose-response relationship between number of panic symptoms during a panic attack and the likelihood of asthma [OR = 1.2 (1.1, 1.3)] and severe asthm...
Sea-Level Fluctuations as Evidence of the Milankovitch Cycles and of the Planetary-Solar Modulation of Climate

Eustatic fluctuations of sea level reflect Milankovitch cycles, but disclose also shorter periodicities, notably in the Holocene Epoch. Groups of beach ridges suggest possible solar-lunar cycles. A Hudson Bay storminess cycle of 45 yr varies also with longer-term periodicities that appear to match the 556-1112-1668 yr planetary and lunar cycles.
Could olfactory displays improve data visualization

Smell (olfaction) can be critical to our daily living - for example, smelling smoke from a fire in time to leave a burning building - but it is seldom used in data visualizations or virtual reality (VR) systems. Could olfaction displays (devices that output scented air) augment data visualization, that is, communicate information relevant to many fields? Perhaps incorporating underutilized modalities such as haptics (touch), olfaction, and gustation (taste) as data visualization aids is the next logical step to optimizing human information processing. It seems reasonable that adding the sense of smell to a virtual environment (VE) would enhance the environment's presence or "realness". Attempts have been made to include olfactory displays in VEs (for example, John Cater's Deep Immersion Virtual Environment Laboratory at the Southwest Research Institute), but most have been unsuccessful. One reason is the lack of a standard to represent and playback smells. Olfactory effects could play a crucial role in certain training environments, such as those for fire fighters and medical personnel. Current VEs include advanced visual and audio outputs, but smell is either very limited or absent. Very few studies focus on this subject, with most discussing ambient (whole-room and long-duration) rather than specific (localized and short-duration) odors, which are relevant to data visualization and VR.
Classification of Multi-Spectral Pixels by the Binary Diamond Neural Network

A new neural network, the Binary Diamond, is presented and its use as a classifier is demonstrated and evaluated. The network is of the feed-forward type. It learns from examples in the 'one shot' mode, and recruits new neurons as needed. It was tested on the problem of pixel classification, and performed well. Possible applications of the network in associative memories are outlined.
Oscillatory faraday rotation of the indirect transition in germanium at 1.7°K

The oscillatory Faraday rotation of the indirect transition in germanium has been observed on transmission. The experiments were carried out in magnetic fields of up to 103 kG with the field perpendicular to the (100) and (110) faces respectively. The data were taken at 1.7°K on unstrained intrinsic samples of carrier concentration n < 1013 cm−3. Oscillatory rotation spectra were observed in both the exciton region and in the vicinity of the Landau levels; the curves for the (100) orientation indirect exciton were analyzed and the lines in the corresponding magnetoabsorption spectrum which give rise to them were identified. The entire indirect transition rotation is superposed on a very large dispersive tail which is believed to arise from the Γ25' → Γ2' direct-energy-gap transition. At the temperatures and magnetic fields in question, the oscillatory effects are of the order of 2% of the total rotation.