cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
American Political Parties and the Rise of the City: An Interpretation

THE ending of Reconstruction in 1877 deprived both Republican and Democratic parties of the issues that had sustained their rivalry for half a century. As a result, in the presidential elections from 1876 to 1892, neither party won decisively; never before nor since has popular political inertia been so noticeable.' More important, this indecision of the voters obscured the significant fact that the Republican party was popularly weak. For despite the preponderance of Republican presidents during these years, only James A. Garfield secured a popular plurality and his was the smallest in history. The party's weak popular base was even more evident in the congressional elections between 1874 and 1892 when the Democrats captured sizable majorities in the House of Representatives in eight out of ten Congresses.2 So serious was this popular weakness of the party that Republican Presidents from Rutherford B. Hayes to Benjamin Harrison, as both Vincent P. De Santis and Stanley P. Hirshson have shown, worked in a variety of ways to build up a stronger Republican party in the South, but with very limited success.3
Engineering Mechanical, Biochemical, and Topographical Niche Cues by Photocrosslinkable, Microribbon-Like Hydrogels

Extracellular matrix (ECM) influences cell fates via various kinds of ECM properties, including biochemical cues, microarchitectures, and matrix stiffness. Tissue engineering scaffolds have been created to approach the optimal ECM properties for desired cell behaviors, or to provide a biomaterials library to help understand how combinatorial effects of ECM properties affect cell fates and tissue formation. Given that cells often respond to the environments in a complex and unpredictable manner, scaffolds with easily tunable biochemical and biophysical properties are highly desirable. Current tissue engineering scaffolds, such as hydrogels and prefabricated bio-architectures, often provide limited tunability due to intertwined niche properties, lack of macroporosity, or the difficulty to reach uniform cell distribution. To overcome such limitations, we created microribbon-like, crosslinkable hydrogels as a new generation of scaffolding materials. Gelatin-based microribbons provide independently tunable macroporosity and matrix stiffness, as gelatin-based biochemical ligands promote cell adhesion and proliferation. PEG-based microribbons enable the independent control of macroporosity, matrix stiffness, and biochemical cues. Both types of microribbons support direct cell encapsulation in 3D, and allow uniform cell distribution with desired cell density, which facilitate the control of cell-cell interaction and rate of ECM production. The resulting macroporous scaffolds influence cell morphology and cell proliferation via independently tunable matrix stiffness, biochemical ligands, and macroporosity. The microribbons are highly versatile; in addition to controlling cell behaviors and tissue regeneration, these ribbon-like building blocks can be used as a biomaterials library to help elucidate the complex interactions between cell fates and ECM properties.
CARS Microscopy for Visualizing Treatment Response in Skin

We have non-invasively tracked and monitored the damage and subsequent recovery of individual sebaceous glands using CARS microscopy in living mice from the first minutes following intervention to weeks after treatment. Article not available.
Quantitative Evaluation of Crack Bridging in Fully Lamellar Ti-48A1-2Cr-2Nb

The toughening effect of ligaments in a fully lamellar Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy has been determined by evaluation of J integrals of the crack tip and crack wake regions from surface strain maps. The crack tip fracture toughness K{sub tip} was found to vary with lamellae orientation and ranged from K{sub tip} = 13 MPa{radical}m for inter-lamellar fracture to K{sub tip} = 19.5 MPa{radical}m for translamellar fracture. The bridging contribution to fracture toughness was found to arise from a bimodal distribution of ligament sizes. Fracture surface reconstructions showed a distribution of large hinges that initiated at grain or subcolony boundaries and smaller ligaments associated with delaminations within a grain. The stress-displacement functions for these two ligament populations have been determined from a large scale bridging analysis of the resistance curves along with fractographic information. The small ligaments appear to account for the initial rapid rise in crack growth resistance; and the large hinges, for the slow continued rise in toughness at large crack extensions.
Long waves in a straight channel with non-uniform cross-section

A cross-sectionally averaged one-dimensional long-wave model is developed. Three-dimensional equations of motion for inviscid and incompressible fluid are first integrated over a channel cross-section. To express the resulting one-dimensional equations in terms of the cross-sectional-averaged longitudinal velocity and spanwise-averaged free-surface elevation, the characteristic depth and width of the channel cross-section are assumed to be smaller than the typical wavelength, resulting in Boussinesq-type equations. Viscous effects are also considered. The new model is, therefore, adequate for describing weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive wave propagation along a non-uniform channel with arbitrary cross-section. More specifically, the new model has the following new properties: (i) the arbitrary channel cross-section can be asymmetric with respect to the direction of wave propagation, (ii) the channel cross-section can change appreciably within a wavelength, (iii) the effects of viscosity inside the bottom boundary layer can be considered, and (iv) the three-dimensional flow features can be recovered from the perturbation solutions. Analytical and numerical examples for uniform channels, channels where the cross-sectional geometry changes slowly and channels where the depth and width variation is appreciable within the wavelength scale are discussed to illustrate the validity and capability of the present model. With the consideration of viscous boundary layer effects, the present theory agrees reasonably well with experimental results presented by Chang et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 95, 1979, pp. 401–414) for converging/diverging channels and those of Liu et al. (Coast. Engng, vol. 53, 2006, pp. 181–190) for a uniform channel with a sloping beach. The numerical results for a solitary wave propagating in a channel where the width variation is appreciable within a wavelength are discussed.
Design and Realization of Ground Station System for Unmanned Miniature Helicopter

A ground control station is designed and implemented to deal with the control complexity of unmanned miniature helicopter.The system can be used to control unmanned miniature helicopter remotely over the horizon system by joysticks,store and recurrence the tracks of the plane,and receive the aerial image.It can display flight attitude,location and operating status in real time by fusing the virtual model of miniature helicopter,the video images and sensor information. The developed system can meet the need of remote control of unmanned miniature helicopter,and it has intuitive feature.
c-IAP1 is overexpressed in HL-60 cells selected for doxorubicin resistance: effects on etoposide-induced apoptosis.

Background: We previously demonstrated that KN-62, an inhibitor of calcium calmodulin-dependent enzymes, sensitizes human leukemia HL-60 cells resistant to topoisomerase II-targeting drugs. The objective of this study was to determine pathways of apoptosis downstream of DNA damage induced by KN-62 co-treatment with VP-16. Materials and Methods: HL-60/Y/DOX0.05 cells were treated with VP-16, KN-62, or VP-16 +KN-62. Following treatment, cells were assayed for c-IAP1, c-IAP2 and XIAP protein expression, as well as caspase activation, cytochrome c release and PARP cleavage. Results: Baseline c-IAP1 protein levels were 2-fold higher in HL60 cells selected for resistance to doxorubicin compared to the parent sensitive line. VP-16 and KN-62 co-treatment was associated with caspase activation via the mitochondrial pathway and significant reductions (p=0.002) in c-IAP1 protein expression but not with c-IAP2 or XIAP. Conclusion: These data suggest that KN-62 co-treatment sensitizes doxorubicin-resistant cells to VP-16-induced apoptosis by enhancing caspase activity and reducing c-IAP1 expression.
Addressing Racial Disproportionality and Disparities in Human Services: Multisystemic Approaches by Rowena Fong, Alan Dettlaff, Joyce James, and Carolyne Rodriguez. (Eds.)

The United States is an ever-increasing pluralistic society. The nature and scope of human diversity that now exist within this country require that human service professionals practice within a cu...
[Safety and epidemiological effects of the first China-made mass A (H1N1) influenza vaccination].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and epidemiological effects on the first mass vaccination program, using the China-made A (H1N1) influenza vaccine. METHODS Descriptive epidemiology and cohort study design were used to assess the influenza A H1N1 vaccine on its safety and epidemiological effects. RESULTS 95 244 subjects were immunized with A (H1N1) influenza vaccine. 193 adverse events were reported through AEFI Management System, with the Reported rates of AEFI as 2.03‰. Most of the adverse events (137/193, 71.0%) happened during the first 24 hours after immunization was carried out. Of 81 adverse reactions confirmed to be related to immunization, with 78 (96.3%) showed mild reactions. No Guillain-Barre Syndrome related to vaccination was reported through the AEFI Management System. The epidemiological protection rate of A (H1N1) vaccine could reach 80.9% when the coverage was not considered. CONCLUSION The A (H1N1) influenza vaccine showed a similar safety profile to seasonal flu vaccine. The vaccine demonstrated a good epidemiological effects against A (H1N1) influenza virus infection.
MO-AB-BRA-04: Radiation Measurements with a DNA Double-Strand-Break Dosimeter

Purpose: Many types of dosimeters are used to measure radiation, but none of them directly measures the biological effect of this dose. The purpose here is to create a dosimeter that can measure the probability of double-strand breaks (DSB) for DNA, which is directly related to the biological effect of radiation. Methods: The dosimeter has DNA strands, which are labeled on one end with biotin and on the other with fluorescein. The biotin attaches these strands to magnetic beads. We suspended the DNA dosimeter in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as it matches the internal environment of the body. We placed small volumes (50µL) of the DNA dosimeter into tubes and irradiated these samples in a water-equivalent plastic phantom with several doses (three samples per dose). After irradiating the samples, a magnet was placed against the tubes. The fluorescein attached to broken DNA strands was extracted (called the supernatant) and placed into a different tube. The fluorescein on the unbroken strands remained attached to the beads in the tube and was re-suspended with 50µL of PBS. A fluorescence reader was used to measure the fluorescence for both the re-suspended beads and supernatant. To prove that we are measuring DSB, we tested dosimeter response with two different lengths of attached DNA strands (1 and 4 kilo-base pair). Results: The probability of DSB at the dose levels of 5, 10, 25, and 50 Gy were 0.05, 0.08, 0.12, and 0.19, respectively, while the coefficients of variation were 0.14, 0.07, 0.02, and 0.01, respectively. The 4 kilo-base-pair dosimeter produced 5.3 times the response of the 1 kilo-base-pair dosimeter. Conclusion: The DNA dosimeter yields a measurable response to dose that scales with the DNA strand length. The goal now is to refine the dosimeter fabrication to reproducibly create a low coefficient of variation for the lower doses. This work was supported in part by Yarmouk University (Irbid, Jordan) and CPRIT (RP140105)
A Feasibility Study of Nonlinear Spectroscopic Measurement of Magnetic Nanoparticles Targeted to Cancer Cells

Objective: Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are an emerging platform for targeted diagnostics in cancer. An important component needed for translation of MNPs is the detection and quantification of targeted MNPs bound to tumor cells. Method: This study explores the feasibility of a multifrequency nonlinear magnetic spectroscopic method that uses excitation and pickup coils and is capable of discriminating between quantities of bound and unbound MNPs in 0.5 ml samples of KB and Igrov human cancer cell lines. The method is tested over a range of five concentrations of MNPs from 0 to 80 μ g/ml and five concentrations of cells from 50 to 400 000 count per ml. Results: A linear model applied to the magnetic spectroscopy data was able to simultaneously measure bound and unbound MNPs with agreement between the model-fit and lab assay measurements (p in vivo applications where MNPs could be targeted to cancer cells.
Treatment of Severe Behavior Disorders

Abstract One of the most significant contributions of applied behavior analysis has been in the area of severe behavior disorders; specifically, those behavior disorders displayed by individuals with intellectual disabilities. Behavioral assessments have shown that severe behavior disorders, such as aggression, self-injury, and property destruction are learned forms of operant behavior. Evaluating such behavior as operant behavior leads to more effective and efficient interventions, including extinction, differential reinforcement, and noncontingent reinforcement. In this chapter, we describe common and emergency treatments for socially reinforced behavior disorders, as well as common and emergency treatments for automatically reinforced behavior disorders. A theme of the chapter is that behavioral interventions become more challenging when extinction is either not possible, or not practical to implement as one treatment component.
PICKWICK'S OTHER PAPERS: CONTINUALLY READING DICKENS

While carefully crafting a valentine to his would-be-lover Mary, Sam Weller finishes rather abruptly, and his father, looking over his shoulder, asks, “That's rayther a sudden pull up, ain't it, Sammy?” Sam's response emblematizes the driving force of the serial novel: “Not a bit on it. . . she'll vish there wos more, and that's the great art o' letter writin'” (344; no. XII, ch. XXXIII). Charles Dickens's great art of serial writing aimed to leave his readers repeatedly wishing there was more: more pages, more plot, more world, and above all, more time with their favorite characters. This desire encouraged readers to imagine beyond the novel – to pursue characters outside the pages of The Pickwick Papers itself. Their desires were rewarded with a wide range of continuations that included theatrical adaptations, plagiarisms, or unauthorized sequels – anything that, like the valentine, could reunite readers with their beloved Sam.
Methylphenidate for ADHD in Children and Adolescents

The therapeutic effectiveness of methylphenidate (MPH) (0.3 mg/kg) in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was compared during childhood (ages 8 to 11 years) and adolescence (ages 12 to 14.5 years) in a retrospective follow-up study of 16 patients who had completed double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trials during two separate summer treatment programs at the Western Psychiatric Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA.
The Scene of the Crime is the Crime: The Southern Border and the Representation of Violence in Cormac McCarthy and Don Winslow

Shoop’s essay focuses on the US-Mexican border, a spatial category that is at once a specific territory, but that at the same time represents the deterritorialization of capitalism itself, embodied in the ceaseless flow of goods and services across the border zone. According to Shoop, McCarthy’s No Country for Old Men and Winslow’s The Power of the Dog represent two very different approaches to the status of the border and efforts to map the effects of global capitalism, and US geopolitical ambitions, in crime fiction. While in No Country, the assassin Anton Chigurh seems like the inevitable by-product of the world of transnational capital flows and flexible accumulation that organizes economic activity along the border, the novel remains perplexed about how to account for the phenomenon of Chigurh and all he represents within the confines of traditional notions of law and order. Shoop argues that McCarthy’s novel is best understood as a conservative fantasy of violence in which the increasingly brutal acts perpetrated by Chigurh and others assume a transhistorical dimension, or efface social contextualization altogether. The Power of the Dog, by contrast, refuses to fix the figure of the criminal, and this enables Winslow to better map the systemic and historical dimensions of crime. In making visible the connections between individual criminal acts and the broader systems that abet them, Shoop argues that Winslow’s novel turns the southern border crime scene into a vast mirror to critically interrogate the related impulses of global capitalism and US geopolitical fantasies.
Compressed sensing using generalized polygon samplers

We propose new deterministic low-storage constructions of compressive sampling matrices based on classical finite-geometry generalized polygons. For the noiseless measurements case, we develop a novel exact-recovery algorithm for strictly sparse signals that utilizes the geometry properties of generalized polygons and exhibits complexity linear in the sparsity value. In the presence of measurement noise, recovery of the generalized-polygon sampled signals can be carried out effectively using a belief propagation algorithm.
Clustering to Coordinate: Who Benefits from Knowledge Spillovers?

Firm clustering is positively correlated with productivity, and it exhibits significant cross-sectional variation across industries. Thus, it is important to understand the industry characteristics that drive firms’ decisions to co-locate. We develop a model of knowledge sharing and derive the prediction that riskier and more complex industries experience the greatest gains from knowledge spillovers. Using tests that account for the non-randomness of location decisions, we find a strong positive relationship between industry risk or complexity and the clustering of: 1) firms’ headquarters, 2) patent inventors, and 3) R&D expenses. Customer-supplier proximity is also significantly and positively related to industry risk and complexity.
Nut Intake and Health

Nuts have been consumed by animals and humans as an energy dense food since Paleolithic times. They are rich sources of plant protein, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, phenolic antioxidants, and phytosterols. The focus of this chapter will include the scientific evidence surrounding the role of tree nuts and peanuts as a whole food for reducing disease risk (e.g., cardiovascular, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cognitive decline) and thus promoting optimal health. Building the scientific evidence base through continued nut-based research will provide additional information for future dietary guidelines committees to consider for positioning and promoting nuts in the context of improving the health of the world's population.
Primary Care Providers' Opening of Time-Sensitive Alerts Sent to Commercial Electronic Health Record InBaskets

Time-sensitive alerts are among the many types of clinical notifications delivered to physicians’ secure InBaskets within commercial electronic health records (EHRs). A delayed alert review can impact patient safety and compromise care. To characterize factors associated with opening of non-interruptive time-sensitive alerts delivered into primary care provider (PCP) InBaskets. We analyzed data for 799 automated alerts. Alerts highlighted actionable medication concerns for older patients post-hospital discharge (2010–2011). These were study-generated alerts sent 3 days post-discharge to InBaskets for 75 PCPs across a multisite healthcare system, and represent a subset of all urgent InBasket notifications. Using EHR access and audit logs to track alert opening, we performed bivariate and multivariate analyses calculating associations between patient characteristics, provider characteristics, contextual factors at the time of alert delivery (number of InBasket notifications, weekday), and alert opening within 24 h. At the time of alert delivery, the PCPs had a median of 69 InBasket notifications and had received a median of 379.8 notifications (IQR 295.0, 492.0) over the prior 7 days. Of the 799 alerts, 47.1% were opened within 24 h. Patients with longer hospital stays (>4 days) were marginally more likely to have alerts opened (OR 1.48 [95% CI 1.00–2.19]). Alerts delivered to PCPs whose InBaskets had a higher number of notifications at the time of alert delivery were significantly less likely to be opened within 24 h (top quartile >157 notifications: OR 0.34 [95% CI 0.18–0.61]; reference bottom quartile ≤42). Alerts delivered on Saturdays were also less likely to be opened within 24 h (OR 0.18 [CI 0.08–0.39]). The number of total InBasket notifications and weekend delivery may impact the opening of time-sensitive EHR alerts. Further study is needed to support safe and effective approaches to care team management of InBasket notifications.
“Considered a Citizen of the United States”: George DeGrasse, a South Asian in Early (African) America

In 1855, the New York State census listed Manhattan resident George DeGrasse as a laborer. The listing belied the long distinguished career DeGrasse had forged as an activist for black rights in early-nineteenth-century New York. This community of color shaped the city’s streets and spaces to reflect their social justice ideals. The census taker also listed DeGrasse as “mulatto,” though he was born in Calcutta, India around 1780. What does this narrative reveal about racial fluidity in the early republic? And in what ways did New York act as a space for disrupting dominant narratives of race and citizenship?
Robust allocation of testing resources in reliability growth

Abstract Reliability growth testing seeks to improve system reliability by identifying and removing failure modes. Recent models maximize system reliability by allocating limited testing resources across the system’s components, each of which exhibits reliability growth according to the AMSAA model (Crow, 1974) with known parameters. We extend this research to solve a robust version of this problem for both series and series-parallel systems in which AMSAA parameters are uncertain but assumed to lie within a budget-restricted uncertainty set. We develop and analyze an exact solution approach for this problem based on a cutting-plane algorithm. In the case of series systems, we demonstrate that the subproblems from this algorithm are efficiently solvable via dynamic programming. Computational results demonstrate (i) the value of the robust optimization approach as compared to deterministic alternatives and (ii) the efficacy of our algorithm.
Emergence of Big Data Research in Operations Management, Information Systems, and Healthcare: Past Contributions and Future Roadmap

In this day, in the age of big data, consumers leave an easily traceable digital footprint whenever they visit a website online. Firms are interested in capturing the digital footprints of their consumers to understand and predict consumer behavior. This study deals with how big data analytics has been used in the domains of information systems, operations management, and healthcare . We also discuss the future potential of big data applications in these domains (especially in the areas of cloud computing, Internet of Things and smart city, predictive manufacturing and 3‐D printing, and smart healthcare) and the associated challenges. In this study, we present a framework for applications of big data in these domains with the goal of providing some interesting directions for future research.
Quantile DEA: Estimating qDEA-alpha Efficiency Estimates with Conventional Linear Programming

Conventional non-parametric linear programming (LP) based data envelopment analysis (DEA) models have the advantage of being able to estimate multiple input-output efficiency metrics but suffer from sensitivity to outliers and statistical observational noise. Previous observation-deleting approaches to the outlier/noise problem have been somewhat ad hoc usually requiring iterative LP and non-LP problem solving methods. We present the theory and methodology of quantile-DEA (qDEA), similar in concept to quantile-regression, which enables the analyst to directly use LP to obtain efficiency metrics while specifying that no more than ψ-percent of data points can lie external to the efficiency hull. Estimated qDEA-α frontiers encompassing proportion α = 1 − ψ of the data observations are contrasted to order-α frontier estimates. Quantile DEA is shown to be useful in addressing outliers in a study examining changes in relative state level agricultural efficiency measures over time.
“You Should be Flattered!”: Female Sport Management Faculty Experiences of Sexual Harassment and Sexism

Sexual harassment and sexism in the workplace is the unwanted sexual attention and discrimination based on sex or gender of employees by their colleagues or superiors. Male-dominated organizations ...
How the science of injury prevention contributes to advancing home fire safety in the USA: successes and opportunities

Background In the decades since the landmark report-America Burning-was published in 1973, the number of home fire deaths has shrunk from >5500 per year to 2650 in 2015. This paper: (1) describes how science and practice in injury prevention and fire and life safety contributed to successful interventions, and (2) identifies emerging strategies and future opportunities to prevent home fire-related deaths. Methods The aims are addressed through the lens of population health research, with a focus on the work of selected Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-funded Injury Control Research Centers. Results are organised using the Haddon Matrix and an ecological model. Results We found evidence to support interventions that address all components of both the matrix and the model, including: reduced ignition propensity cigarettes, stop smoking campaigns, housing codes, residential sprinkler systems, smoke alarms, community risk reduction, school-based educational programmes, and fire and burn response systems. Future reductions are likely to come from enhancing residential sprinkler and smoke alarm technology, and increasing their utilisation; expanding the use of community risk reduction methods; and implementing new technological solutions. Despite the successes, substantial disparities in home fire death rates remain, reflecting underlying social determinants of health. Conclusion Most of the evidence-supported interventions were focused on changing the policy and community environments to prevent home fires and reduce injury when a fire occurs. Future prevention efforts should give high priority to addressing the continued disparities in home fire deaths.
Catabolic and anabolic actions of parathyroid hormone on the skeleton.

PTH, an 84-amino acid peptide hormone synthesized by the parathyroid glands, is essential for the maintenance of calcium homeostasis. While in its traditional metabolic role, PTH helps to maintain the serum calcium concentration within narrow, normal limits and participates as a determinant of bone remodeling, more specific actions, described as catabolic and anabolic are also well known. Clinically, the catabolic effect of PTH is best represented by primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), while the osteoanabolic effect of PTH is best seen when PTH or its biological amino-terminal fragment [PTH(1–34)] is used as a therapy for osteoporosis. These dual functions of PTH are unmasked under very specific pathological (PHPT) or therapeutic conditions. At the cellular level. PTH favors bone resorption, mostly by affecting the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B (RANK) ligand (RANKL)-osteoprotegerin-RANK system, leading to an increase in osteoclast formation and activity. Increased bone formation due to PTH therapy is explained best by its ability to enhance osteoblastogenesis and/or osteoblast survival. The PTH-induced bone formation is mediated, in part, by a decrease in SOST/sclerostin expression in osteocytes. This review focuses on the dual anabolic and catabolic actions of PTH on bone, situations where one is enhanced over the other, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which these actions are mediated.
Effect of paclitaxel and carboplatin on tumor-reactive T cells and the efficacy of PD-1 blockade.

65Background: The addition of chemotherapy to immune checkpoint inhibitors has been explored clinically in solid tumors in order to overcome one of the challenges of immunotherapy: clinical outcome...
Poincaré and the Three Body Problem. By June Barrow-Green

(1999). Poincare and the Three Body Problem. By June Barrow-Green. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 106, No. 10, pp. 977-980.
Stakeholder perspectives on appropriate forest management in the Pacific Northwest

One potential source of the controversy over forest management in the Pacific Northwest is differences in stakeholders' conceptualizations, or perspectives, on appropriate forest management. This study explores the nature of stakeholders' perspectives and identifies some of the differences and commonalities among them. Study participants included 23 individuals from 3 forest stakeholder groups: the USDA Forest Service, timber industry, and environmentalists. Participants' perspectives on appropriate forest management were assessed using a conceptual content cognitive map (3CM) task. Results indicate the existence of a wide range of concerns including issues related to the focus, setting, and process of management. The pattern of differences and similarities among stakeholder groups with respect to these concerns was found to be complex and to deviate substantially from common stereotypes. In addition, participants' perceptions of the other stakeholder groups were found to be highly stereotypical and were not supported by the data.
Waves of Feminist Psychology in the United States: Politics and Perspectives

This chapter discusses the history and context of the rise of three waves of feminist activity in the United States and situates the development of feminist psychology within them. Forms of feminism (e.g., liberal, radical, socialist, cultural, womanist) and feminist theories (e.g., postmodern, standpoint, empiricism) are described, and their connection to psychological research and theory is examined. The formation and contributions of the Association for Women in Psychology (AWP), the APA’s Committee on Women in Psychology (CWP), and APA Division 35 – the Society for the Psychology of Women (SPW) are described. Trends in science and popular culture (e.g., backlash against feminism, medicalization of women’s bodies, the feminization of psychology) are discussed in terms of their connection to feminist psychology. Future directions of feminist psychology in the United States are suggested.
Factors Affecting Oxidative Stability of Pork, Beef, and Chicken Meat

2-Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) values of raw pork, and chicken breast and thigh meats did not change during a 7-d storage period. Low free iron content and high ferric ion reducing capacity (FRC) were responsible for the low TBARS values in those meats during storage. TBARS values of raw beef loin, however, significantly increased during 7-d storage because of high free iron content and high lipoxygenase-like activities by ferrylmyoglobin. The TBARS values of cooked meat increased significantly with storage. Heat-stable FRC was detected in all cooked meat and was responsible for the increase of TBARS in cooked meat during storage. The rate of TBARS increases and the amounts of nonheme iron and heat-stable FRC in cooked beef loin were higher than those in cooked pork loin and chicken breast. In spite of lower amounts of nonheme iron and heat-stable FRC, cooked chicken thigh showed similar levels of TBARS to cooked beef loin after 7-d storage because of its high PUFA content. The total amount of PUFA in meat, most of which were present in triglycerides, influenced the development of lipid peroxidation only in the presence of sufficient amounts of free irons in cooked meat. This indicated that the content of free ionic iron, myoglobin, and ferric ion reducing capacity (FRC) were the primary determinants for the different susceptibility of raw meats to lipid peroxidation. In cooked meat, the contents of free ionic iron and heat-stable FRC played a key role on the development of lipid peroxidation. PUFA was important for lipid oxidation in cooked meat only when sufficient amount of free iron was present.
Regulatory Dysfunction inhibits the Development and Application of Transgenic Livestock for Use in Agriculture

Since the production of the first transgenic livestock, the technology for producing the animals and controlling transgene expression has matured. Initially, the lack of knowledge about promoter, enhancer, and coding regions of genes of interest greatly hampered efforts to create transgenes that would express appropriately in livestock and be useful to industry. There have been many developments in the technology to create transgenic animals, including somatic cell nuclear transfer-based cloning and gene editing. In the 31 years since the first report of transgenic livestock, a number of potentially useful animals, including cattle, goats, pigs, and sheep, have been made. However, there still are no genetically engineered animal-based food products on the market. There has been a failure of the regulatory processes to effectively move forward across the world, with many countries adopting process-based regulations, rather than product-based, and some countries having no regulatory framework at all. Additionally, there is a perception among some consumers that transgenic technology is potentially harmful in spite of a large, and growing, body of evidence to the contrary. Estimates suggest the world will need to approximately double our current food production by 2050, including animal-based foods; that is, we will have to produce an amount of food each year equal to that consumed by mankind over the past 500 years. The practical benefits of transgenic animals in agriculture have not yet reached consumers, and in the absence of predictable, science-based regulatory programs, it is unlikely that the benefits will be realized in the short to medium term.
Automated Test Generation for Debugging Multiple Bugs in Arithmetic Circuits

Optimized and custom arithmetic circuits are widely used in embedded systems such as multimedia applications, cryptography systems, signal processing and console games. Debugging of arithmetic circuits is a challenge due to increasing complexity coupled with non-standard implementations. Existing algebraic rewriting techniques produce a remainder to indicate the presence of a potential bug. However, bug localization remains a major bottleneck. Simulation-based validation using random or constrained-random tests are not effective for complex arithmetic circuits due to bit-blasting. In this paper, we present an automated test generation and bug localization technique for debugging arithmetic circuits. This paper makes four important contributions. We propose an automated approach for generating directed tests by suitable assignments of input variables to make the remainder non-zero. The generated tests are guaranteed to activate bugs. We also propose an automatic bug fixing technique by utilizing the patterns of the remainder terms as well as by analyzing the regions activated by the generated tests to detect and correct the error(s). We also propose an efficient debugging algorithm that can handle multiple dependent as well as independent bugs. Finally, our proposed framework, consisting of directed test generation, bug localization and bug correction, is fully automated. In other words, our framework is capable of producing a corrected implementation of arithmetic circuits without any manual intervention. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can be used for automated debugging of large and complex arithmetic circuits.
A survey of the atmospheric physical processes key to the onset of Arctic sea ice melt in spring

September sea ice concentration (SIC) is found to be most sensitive to the early melt onset over the East Siberian Sea and Laptev Sea (73°–84°N, 90°–155°) in the Arctic, a region defined here as the area of focus (AOF). The areal initial melt date for a given year is marked when sea ice melting extends beyond 10% of the AOF size. With this definition, four early melting years (1990, 2012, 2003, 1991) and four late melting years (1996, 1984, 1983, 1982) were selected. The impacts and feedbacks of atmospheric physical and dynamical variables on the Arctic SIC variations were investigated for the selected early and late melting years based on the NASA MERRA-2 reanalysis. The sea ice melting tends to happen in a shorter period of time with larger magnitude in late melting years, while the melting lasts longer and tends to be more temporally smooth in early melting years. The first major melting event in each year has been further investigated and compared. In the early melting years, the positive Arctic Oscillation (AO) phase is dominant during springtime, which is accompanied by intensified atmospheric transient eddy activities in the Arctic and enhanced moisture flux convergence in the AOF and consequently enhanced northward transport of moist and warm air. As a result, positive anomalies of air temperature, precipitable water vapor (PWV) and/or cloud fraction and cloud water path were found over the AOF, increasing downward longwave radiative flux at the surface. The associated warming effect further contributes to the initial melt of sea ice. In contrast, the late melt onset is usually linked to the negative AO phase in spring accompanied with negative anomalies of PWV and downward longwave flux at the surface. The increased downward shortwave radiation during middle to late June plays a more important role in triggering the melting, aided further by the stronger than normal cloud warming effects.
Self-aligned inkjet printing of resistors and low-pass resistor-capacitor filters on roll-to-roll imprinted plastics with resistances ranging from 10 to 106 Ω

Resistors are essential and ubiquitous building blocks in electronic circuits. Fabrication of printed resistors in a manner compatible with roll-to-roll printing is important for realizing low-cost and high-throughput production of electronic devices. Here we present fully printed resistors fabricated via a novel self-aligned printing method, termed self-aligned capillarity-assisted lithography for electronics (SCALE). Flexible substrates with imprinted features such as reservoirs and capillary channels were prepared by roll-to-roll processing. Functional inks were then delivered sequentially into the reservoirs by inkjet printing and the ink flowed spontaneously into the adjoining channels driven by capillarity. Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) was used as the resistive material, and silver was used for the electrodes. Using SCALE, we achieved fully inkjet-printed, self-aligned resistors with resistance values ranging over five orders of magnitude while keeping the overall dimensions of the devices constant. We then employed SCALE to build low-pass resistor–capacitor filters with cutoff frequency from 0.4 to 27 kHz and excellent operational stability. Overall, this work expands the potential of self-aligned inkjet printing for producing fully printed electronic circuits.
Evaluation of the Effects of Chiropractic on Static and Dynamic Muscle Variables in Sport Horses

Abstract The objective of this prospective controlled experimental study was to assess the effect of chiropractic on static bioimpedance (BI) and dynamic acoustic myography (AMG) of paired muscle groups in healthy sport horses. BI measures the passage of current through muscle and gives information relating to the degree of contraction, whereas AMG records and analyzes low-frequency sounds created during muscular activity. Bioimpedance and AMG recordings, in addition to subjective and objective gait analysis, were taken from 6 horses before and at 24, 48 and 72 hours after chiropractic treatment. Signs of gait asymmetry were detected objectively in all horses throughout the course of the study. BI: Bioimpedance scores for the left trapezius muscle were significantly altered at 24 and 72 hours. AMG: The balance score of the GM muscle at walk was significantly affected by time, as was its efficiency at the trot. This small pilot study reveals that some objective measurements of muscle function are altered following chiropractic, lasting for at least 72 hours after treatment. This warrants further investigations in a larger number of subjects and in additional muscle groups.
Understanding How an Invasive Vector Drives Pierce’s Disease Epidemics: Seasonality and Vine-to-Vine Spread

For vector-borne plant pathogens, disease epidemics may be attributable to multiple mechanisms, including introduction of a novel vector whose epidemiological role differs from that of native vecto...
Liver Transplantation After Downstagings of Ruptured Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhotic Liver: Is It Advisable? A Case Report

Abstract Spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), defined as T4 in TNM stage by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (eighth edition), is a serious life-threatening complication. Effective treatment remains challenging because of a high 1-month mortality, a short median survival, and the potential of peritoneal metastasis. We reported on a case that received a living related donor liver transplantation (LDLT) after successful consecutive downstaging therapies. A 63-year-old man with alcohol-related liver cirrhosis and multiple HCC developed spontaneous rupture and hemoperitoneum. He received 3 sessions of transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization and target therapy with sorafenib. Computed tomography scans and magnetic resonance imaging after 11 months of treatment showed that the patient's HCCs fulfilled the Milan criteria and the University of California San Francisco criteria prior to LDLT. The perioperative course was rather smooth. After discharge, interval follow-up computed tomography studies of chest and liver and a whole-body bone scan showed no tumor recurrence or metastasis up to 20 months post-operation. Successful downstaging therapies of ruptured HCC to fulfill Milan criteria to receive liver transplantation is advisable in highly selected patients.
Augmenting Master of Counseling Student Learning Outcomes through Interprofessional Education Experiences with Master of Fine Arts Students

ABSTRACTInterprofessional education (IPE) is a pedagogic strategy in which pre-professionals from multiple disciplines learn alongside one another. IPE works most effectively in institutions where ...
Integrating Energy Storage with Advanced Small Modular Reactors

Nuclear reactors produce heat and thus can couple to heat storage systems to provide dispatchable electricity, while the reactor operates at full power. Six classes of heat storage technologies couple to light water reactors with steam cycles. Firebrick Resistance-Heated Energy Storage (FIRES) converts low-price electricity into high-temperature stored heat for industry or power. FIRES and brick recuperators coupled to nuclear Brayton power cycles may enable high-temperature reactors to buy electricity when prices are low and sell electricity at higher price.
Opioid and Benzodiazepine Coprescribing in the United States Before and After US Food and Drug Administration Boxed Warning.

This case series study provides a national estimate of opioid and benzodiazepine coprescribing before and after the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) boxed warning.
Separation and characterization of KRas proteins and tryptic peptides using enhanced-fluidity liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Enhanced-fluidity, reversed-phase liquid chromatography was developed using custom instrumentation for separation and characterization of intact KRas proteins and tryptic peptides. The KRas, HRas and NRas function as GDP-GTP regulated binary switches in many signalling pathways, and mutations in Ras proteins are frequently found in human cancers and represent poor prognosis markers for patients. Mutations of the KRas isoform constitute some of the most common aberrations among all human cancers and intensive drug discovery efforts have been directed toward targeting the KRas protein. Separation and characterization of the KRas protein and tryptic peptides are helpful for exploring targeting, which has not been fully investigated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. EFLC-MS provided improved chromatographic performance compared to traditional HPLC-MS in terms of shorter analysis time, increased ion intensity and a shift to higher charge states for intact KRas proteins.
Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis in a Patient with Acute Encephalopathy and Hyponatremia

Acute encephalopathy is a common clinical presentation for hospital admissions. Autoimmune encephalitis is a rare cause of encephalopathy which has increasingly been recognized over the last decade. The detection of various neuronal antibodies has helped diagnose these syndromes, but they have limited availability, mostly in the developed countries. We present a case of a middle-aged female presenting with memory impairment, gait disturbances, and hyponatremia. A clinical diagnosis of autoimmune limbic encephalitis was made based on faciobrachial dystonic seizures, SIADH, and MRI changes 10 days prior to autoantibody titer returned. Prompt treatment with steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin was started with improvement in her neurological symptoms. This case highlights the importance of considering autoimmune encephalitis syndromes in the differential diagnosis of patients with classical neurological presentations and prompt diagnosis and immunotherapy to improve neurological outcomes.
Optimization of the Linker Domain in a Dimeric Compound that Degrades an r(CUG) Repeat Expansion in Cells

RNA repeat expansions are responsible for more than 30 incurable diseases. Among them is myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), the most common form of adult on-set muscular dystrophy. DM1 is caused by a...
Biofilm Laboratory Methods: The Use of Flow Reactors

Investigations of biofilm formation and persistence require a fundamental approach in the collection and analysis of data, irrespective of the specific environment or application. This approach must be based upon the principles of process analysis (see Bryers and Characklis, this volume) and the concomitant need to provide comprehensive and compatible data with which to evaluate appropriate mass balance equations. Experimental reactor systems employed in either (a) controlled laboratory environments, (b) field applications, or (c) in vivo biomedical situations should be designed and operated in order provide the appropriate data under known conditions to facilitate this mass balance approach.