cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nucleon-Nucleon Scattering Near 50 MeV. I. Phase-Shift Analysis of the Data

We carry out a phase-shift analysis of $p\ensuremath{-}p$ and $n\ensuremath{-}p$ elastic scattering data in the laboratory kinetic energy range of 47.5 to 60.9 MeV. Despite the inclusion of new $n\ensuremath{-}p$ total and differential cross-section data since the phase-shift analyses of MacGregor, Arndt, and Wright (papers VI and X in particular), the ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$ vs ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{1}$ curve retains its double minimum, and the anomalous value for the phase parameter $\ensuremath{\delta}(^{1}P_{1})$ persists. The data yield a range of solutions rather than a unique $I=0$ phase-shift solution, and, in fact, the ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$ vs ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{1}$ curve is even flatter than it was in paper VI. The allowed range of ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{1}$ is found to be from -10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to +3\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, approximately. To find a unique solution, we constrain ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{1}$ to have a reasonable theoretical value of +2.78\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, and present the corresponding constrained phase-shift solution. This yields $\ensuremath{\delta}(^{1}P_{1})=\ensuremath{-}3.52\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.04\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$, which is 4.5 standard deviations or more above predictions by meson-theoretical models. In fact, throughout the allowed range of ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{1}$, the searched value of $\ensuremath{\delta}(^{1}P_{1})$ remains at least this far above theoretical predictions. We determine that the Harwell $n\ensuremath{-}p$ $\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}}{d\ensuremath{\Omega}}$ data at extreme forward and extreme backward angles are responsible for the high value of $\ensuremath{\delta}(^{1}P_{1})$, and recommend that these measurements be retaken. We emphasize that contrary to popular belief, it is not sufficient just to fix the relative backward $n\ensuremath{-}p$ $\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}}{d\ensuremath{\Omega}}$, because incorrect forward values will result in a wrong value for $\ensuremath{\delta}(^{1}P_{1})$. With regard to forward data, good extreme forward absolute $\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}}{d\ensuremath{\Omega}}$ data will be more effective than relative forward data spanning the 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}-90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} range. Finally, with respect to ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{1}$, we emphasize that the existing types of $n\ensuremath{-}p$ data ($\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}}{d\ensuremath{\Omega}}$, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{tot}}$, and $P$) will not remove the ambiguity in this phase parameter. Some other type of experiment must be done, as we intend to discuss in a succeeding paper.
Protective effects of ex vivo graft radiation and tacrolimus on syngeneic transplanted rat small bowel motility

Abstract Background. Intestinal transplantation is unduly complicated by the nontolerogenic properties of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Because simultaneous graft irradiation and bone marrow infusion significantly prolong the survival of the small bowel transplanted animal, our objective was to determine the functional motility effects of the immune modulating, graft irradiation procedure in the presence and absence of tacrolimus immunosuppression. Methods. Four groups of syngeneic orthotopic small bowel transplanted animals were studied 48 hours after operations (untreated, tacrolimus, ex vivo graft irradiation, and tacrolimus + irradiation) and compared with controls. Histologic analysis was performed for mucosal apoptosis and neutrophilic infiltration into the muscularis externa. Gastrointestinal in vivo transit and in vitro circular muscle strip contractions were quantified in response to bethanechol (0.3-300 μmol/L). Results. Graft irradiation ex vivo alone or in the presence of tacrolimus significantly increases (> 10-fold) the number of apoptotic mucosal cells after transplantation. Functional measurements showed that transplantation resulted in a significant delay in gastrointestinal transit and a decrease in muscle strip contractility. Tacrolimus and graft irradiation significantly ameliorated the transplant-induced dysfunction. Conclusions. Given the endowed propensity of mucosal regeneration, the immunologic and functional benefits of ex vivo graft irradiation appear to outweigh the detrimental effects to the mucosa. (Surgery 2002;131:413-23.)
Limit-Cycle Analysis of Three Dimensional Rigid Rotor/Shaft/Autobalancer System With Symmetric Bearing Support

In recent years, there has been much interest in the use of automatic balancing devices (ABDs) in rotating machinery. Autobalancers consist of several freely moving eccentric balancing masses mounted on the rotor, which, at certain operating speeds, act to cancel rotor imbalance. This “automatic balancing” phenomena occurs as a result of nonlinear dynamic interactions between the balancer and rotor wherein the balancer masses naturally synchronize with the rotor with appropriate phase to cancel the imbalance. However, due to inherent nonlinearity of the autobalancer, the potential for other undesirable non-synchronous limit-cycle behavior exists. In such situations, the balancer masses do not reach their desired synchronous balanced positions resulting in increased rotor vibration. Although several researchers have explored limit-cycle behavior of single-plane ABD-rotor systems, a limit-cycle analysis of a full three dimensional rigid ABD/shaft/rotor considering transverse deflection, out-plane tilting and gyroscopic effects has not been investigated. This paper considers an approximate harmonic analytical solution to describe the limit-cycle behavior in a three dimensional rigid rotor/ABD system. Essentially, the solutions presented here capture both in-plane transverse deflection and out-plane tilting motion of the system under the limit-cycle condition. Here the whirl speed of the ABD balancer masses is determined via the solution of a non-linear characteristic equation. Also, based upon the limit-cycle solutions, the limit-cycle stability is assessed via a perturbation and Floquet analysis exploring three main parameters; ABD balancer mass, ABD damping, and axial location of ABD along the shaft. The coexistence of the stable balanced synchronous condition and undesired non-synchronous limit-cycle is studied. It is found that for certain combinations of ABD parameters and rotor speeds, the non-synchronous limit-cycle can be made unstable thus guaranteeing global asymptotic stability of the synchronous balanced condition. Finally, the analysis is validated through numerical simulation. The findings in this paper yield important insights for researchers wishing to utilize automatic balancing devices in rotor/shaft systems and limit-cycle mitigation.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Roentgen cephalometric studies on skull development in rats. II. Normal and hypophysectomized males; sex differences.

Growth of the skull in normal male rats of the Long-Evans strain has been studied by serial roentgen cephalometry (under anesthesia) from 27 to 280 days of age, and has been compared with the retardation following hypophysectomy and with growth data obtained on females in an earlier similar study. The dimensions measured represented major skull regions and segments, and in some instances allowed calculation of indices (e.g., neurocranial width/length ratio) which would show changing proportions. In general, the skull showed the more rapid and prolonged growth characteristic of male rats' skeletal development when compared with that of females. Viscerocranial (“facial”) length and width were notable in this respect. On the other hand, growth in neurocranial width and height ceased at a time and size much like that in females. Examination of the possibility that the adult female skull might correspond closely to that of an immature male disclosed that though this might be true for the neurocranium, facial dimensions showed distinctive sex differences. After hypophysectomy at 27 days of age males (as also females) showed marked reduction of growth but not complete cessation. Dimensional increases were between one-fifth and one-fourth of the normal gains. The ratios computed showed that the proportions of infancy were retained after early hypophysectomy.
Caulobacter crescentus pili: analysis of production during development.

Abstract The pili of Caulobacter crescentus are structures whose appearance is regulated during the development of the swarmer cell pole. Pili are assembled during the predivisional and swarmer cell stages, at the same time as the flagellum, and disappear as the swarmer cell differentiates into a stalked cell. Pilin is the protein which polymerizes to form the pilus. An immune precipitation assay, developed to examine the periodicity of pilin synthesis during the cell cycle, demonstrated that pilin synthesis begins in the early stalked cell and is probably completed before cell division. Thus, the entire period of synthesis occurs before the pili are clearly visible at the differentiated cell pole. Likewise, the functional stability of the pilin mRNA is relatively short, further suggesting that the protein monomers accumulate prior to assembly. Unlike the case of the flagellins, experiments with the DNA replication inhibitor hydroxyurea did not establish a correlation between the DNA replication and the onset of pilin synthesis. In addition to pilin, several other developmentally regulated proteins, including the flagellins, are reproducibly precipitated in the pilin immunoassay. Their presence in the precipitate is a specific consequence of the antipilin antibody. Analysis of the antibody preparations yielded conflicting results; electron microscopic studies with ferritin-coupled antibody and double diffusion analysis indicated no binding activity to any cell components other than pilin. However, an assay based on filter transferred preparations of electrophoresed cell proteins indicated that at least one additional class of proteins in the immune precipitate may bind pilin antibody. These results are discussed in the context of the possible formation of a discrete membrane complex in the polar region of the cell which may be involved in the regulation of spatial development in Caulobacter.
Ceramic-based multisite microelectrode arrays for in vivo electrochemical recordings of glutamate and other neurochemicals

Ceramic-based microelectrode arrays for electrochemical measures of neurochemicals in brain and spinal cord tissue are reviewed. Current fabrication procedures are explained, including discussions of various recording site layouts, insulating materials and recording strategies. Various coatings are employed to alter the sensitivity and the selectivity of the microelectrodes for the detection of certain neurochemicals. Several applications of these microelectrode arrays are discussed.
Somatic Complaints and Psychopathology in Children and Adolescents: Stomach Aches, Musculoskeletal Pains, and Headaches

ABSTRACT Objective To examine the associations of somatic complaints with DSM-III-R-defined depression, anxiety disorders, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in a population-based sample of children and adolescents. Method Data from 4 annual waves of interviews with 9- to 16-year-olds from the Great Smoky Mountains Study were analyzed. Results Overall, somatic complaints were strongly associated with emotional disorders in girls and with disruptive behavior disorders in boys. For girls, stomach aches and headaches together and musculoskeletal pains alone were associated with anxiety disorders. For boys, stomach aches were associated with oppositional defiant disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Musculoskeletal pains were associated with depression in both girls and boys. Conclusions There were gender-, illness- and complaint-specific associations between somatic complaints and psychopathology. It appears likely that there are differences in the psychobiological processes underlying these associations in boys and girls. Clinical recommendations include screening children and adolescents with persistent complaints of headaches, stomach aches, or musculoskeletal pains for psychiatric disorders with an awareness that gender may affect the type of psychopathology associated with the somatic complaints.
Diurnal variation of sodium and potassium at Mercury

A summary is given of our published observations showing a large (3 to 4) morning/afternoon ratio of the abundances of sodium and potassium. The proposed mechanism is deposition of ions and atoms on the cold night side, followed by their outward diffusion and evaporation as the Sun rises. Published criticisms of this mechanism are discussed and answered. The rate at which Na atoms can evaporate from the surfaces of the Moon and Mercury is uncertain, but, after a review of laboratory measurements, we propose that it is substantial at temperatures of 400 K and higher. Possible reasons are discussed why another group does not find the diurnal variation. There are differences in observing geometry, but the matter remains unclear.
Spiral wave control by regional cooling in a bidomain model

SPIRAL WAVE CONTROL BY REGIONAL COOLING IN A BIDOMAIN MODEL Takashi Ashihara, MD, PhD, Natalia A. Trayanova, PhD, Kazuo Nakazawa, PhD, Masatoshi Yamazaki, MD, Haruo Honjo, MD, PhD, Ichiro Sakuma, PhD, Kaichiro Kamiya, MD, PhD and Itsuo Kodama, MD, PhD. Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan and University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
The development of human factors design guidelines

Abstract There is a growing information gap between the development of advanced human-machine systems, and the availability of human factors design criteria that can be applied during their design process. Despite increased interest in the development of human factors design guidelines, there also remains considerable uncertainty and concern regarding the actual utility of such information. Indeed, many existing human factors reference materials have been criticized by designers for being ‘too wordy’, ‘too general’, and ‘too hard to understand’. The development of clear, relevant, and useful human factors guidelines requires a judicious mix of science and art to overcome such criticisms. Specifically, while a number of empirical and systematic methods can be productively applied to their development, the final design guidelines will always represent a subjective integration of user requirements, design constraints, available information, and expert judgement. This paper summarizes procedures and heuristics associated with both the science and the art components of human factors design guideline development.
Health-Related Worry among Informal Aids Caregivers

We examine health-related worries among a sample of informal AIDS caregivers (N = 640), people caring for a friend, loved one or kin outside the formal health care system. Two dimensions of worry a...
The high pressure nitric oxide mass spectra of aldehydes

The high pressure (0.5 Torr) nitric oxide mass spectra of some aldehydes, obtained using a 10% mixture of NO in N2, are reported. The 10% NO/N2 spectra of the monodeuterated analogs of some of them are compared to the electron-impact and methane chemical ionization spectra, especially with reference to the process of hydride abstraction by nitrosonium ions.
Numerical Simulations of Buoyancy Effects in low Density Gas Jets

This paper deals with the computational analysis of buoyancy effects in the near field of an isothermal helium jet injected into quiescent ambient air environment. The transport equations of helium mass fraction coupled with the conservation equations of mixture mass and momentum were solved using a staggered grid finite volume method. Laminar, axisymmetric, unsteady flow conditions were considered for the analysis. An orthogonal system with non-uniform grids was used to capture the instability phenomena. Computations were performed for Earth gravity and during transition from Earth to different gravitational levels. The flow physics was described by simultaneous visualizations of velocity and concentration fields at Earth and microgravity conditions. Computed results were validated by comparing with experimental data substantiating that buoyancy induced global flow oscillations present in Earth gravity are absent in microgravity. The dependence of oscillation frequency and amplitude on gravitational forcing was presented to further quantify the buoyancy effects.
Evidence for reduced capacity for Ca2+ removal from the cytosol in submandibular cells of newborn rats.

Abstract The increase in cytosolic free Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) seen in submandibular cells of early postnatal rats following exposure to acetylcholine (ACh) is larger than in cells of adult rats. To elucidate possible reasons for this difference, we compared Ca 2+ movements through Ca 2+ pumps in both types of cells using Ca 2+ -sensitive fluorescent probe fura-2 and the radiotracer 45 Ca 2+ . Ca 2+ release induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca 2+ -pump inhibitor thapsigargin (TG) was significantly smaller in neonatal cells than in adult cells, whereas the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 )-elicited Ca 2+ release was comparable in both cell types. This suggests that although the size of the IP 3 -sensitive Ca 2+ pool is adequate in immature cells, the activity of TG-sensitive Ca 2+ pump in this pool is lower. The activity of the plasma membrane (PM) Ca 2+ -pump, measured by extrusion of 45 Ca 2+ , was also significantly lower in immature cells. These results indicate that both ER and PM Ca 2+ pumps may be functionally underdeveloped in immature cells, and that the enhanced increase of [Ca 2+ ] i seen in response to ACh in immature cells may be partially, if not completely, due to a reduced capacity for removal of Ca 2+ from the cytosol by active mechanisms.
Comments on: Algorithms for linear programming with linear complementarity constraints

The paper is a very valuable reference for some of the technical issues that appear in linear programming with complementarity constraints. Indeed, despite the progress in the past 15 years in the area, the issue of finding practical algorithms for global convergence is elusive, in even the simplest cases, such as the case where every data function of the problem is linear (except for the complementarity constraints). The paper presents an excellent survey of a broad array of techniques that are useful— even if perhaps just partially studied—toward that end
Professional development school graduate performance: Perceptions of school principals

Abstract The literature provides numerous studies pertaining to the effectiveness of Professional Development Schools (PDSs) on teacher candidate preparedness, new teacher confidence and competence, and job satisfaction, as perceived by PDS graduates themselves. Lacking in the literature are studies that ask employers (school principals) to compare and contrast pedagogical knowledge, behaviors, and skills of their PDS graduate and non‐PDS graduate employees (classroom teachers). This study examines perceptions of 45 school principals regarding performance of PDS and non‐PDS prepared teachers in 19 competencies across three areas of pedagogical skill, behavior, and knowledge. Both quantitative and qualitative data analyses are included. The study supports the value of the PDS as perceived by principals familiar with graduates of one program.
Further investigation of the relationship between brain indices and learning.

Abstract Three species were tested on extradimensional shift problems in order to evaluate the relationship between learning abilities and indices of cerebral development. The data from these species, considered together with the results from earlier studies, discredit the suggestion that there is a high correlation between raw learning scores and Sacher's index. However, a proposed transformation of the raw data which attempts to control for species-specific abilities, produces a consistent relationship between learning and brain indices. This pattern of results is interpreted as indicating the necessity of accounting for relative task difficulty when making species comparisons.
THE INFLUENCE OF INTRAUTERINE FACTORS ON THE FETAL WEIGHT OF RABBITS.

Observations were made on 475 fetuses carried by 71 pregnant rabbits. 63 or 88.7 per cent of the 71 does were sacrificed from 28 to 31 days after the last fertile mating, and these does bore 401 or 88.2 per cent of the total of 455 fully developed fetuses. The following information was available with reference to each fetus: age, weight, weight of corresponding placenta, horn, i.e., right or left, presentation, and position or order. The presentation indicated that part, head or breech, which was directed toward the vagina, and position or order, the relative locus of the fetus in the horn, the first position being that nearest the ovary. As the gestation period approached its normal limit of 31 days, the relative daily increase in mean fetal weight was progressively retarded. There was no significant difference between the number of fetuses in each uterine horn. Head presentation was significantly more frequent than breech, but the uterine horn in which the fetus was located had no influence on its presentation. A greater relative number of breech presenting fetuses was observed in the third position than in the other positions. Presentation did not exert a significant influence on fetal weight. Fetal weight at or near term was significantly influenced by the position or order in the uterine horn. In general, the weights of fetuses implanted high up nearest the ovary were greater than those developing nearest the outlet, and fetuses occupying intermediate positions had intermediate weights. When, however, only two fetuses were present in a horn, position had no effect on their weights. A significant positive coefficient of correlation was observed between fetal and placental weights. Moreover, placental weight was influenced by position in the uterine horn in exactly the same manner that fetal weight was so influenced. The factors which produced variability in fetal weight at or near term, did not account for the abnormally low birth weights of the dwarf rabbits observed in this laboratory.
Transcription Antitermination by a Phosphorylated Response Regulator and Cobalamin-Dependent Termination at a B12 Riboswitch Contribute to Ethanolamine Utilization in Enterococcus faecalis

The ability of bacteria to utilize ethanolamine (EA) as a carbon and nitrogen source may confer an advantage for survival, colonization, and pathogenicity in the human intestinal tract. Enterococcus faecalis, a Gram-positive human commensal organism, depends on a two-component signaling system (TCS-17) for sensing EA and regulating the expression of the ethanolamine utilization genes. Multiple promoters participate in eut gene expression in the presence of EA as the sole carbon source and cobalamin (CoB12), an essential cofactor in the enzymatic degradation process. By means of in vivo and in vitro approaches, this study characterized the transcriptional activity identified in the eutT-eutG intergenic region of the E. faecalis eut cluster. Two novel promoters in this region were shown to be active in vivo. The distal P2-1 promoter was associated with a B12 riboswitch that terminated transcription in the presence of CoB12. Transcription elongation from the proximal P2-2 promoter was regulated by antitermination mediated by the phosphorylated form of the response regulator of TCS-17 (RR17). 3'-Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) analyses of the terminated RNA products allowed precise identification of the hairpin loop structures involved in termination/antitermination. The results uncovered the role of the B12 riboswitch and RR17 in eut gene expression, adding to the complexity of this regulatory pathway and extending the knowledge of possible means of transcription regulation in Gram-positive organisms.
Synthesis and characterization of the oxynitride pyrochlore: Sm2Mo2O3.83N3.17

Abstract Sm2Mo2O3.83N3.17, the first molybdenum oxynitride pyrochlore, was synthesized by heating the Sm2Mo2O7 pyrochlore in flowing ammonia at 625°C for 24 hours. Sm2Mo2O3.83N3.17 forms with the cubic pyrochlore structure, space group Fd3m (a = 10.4975 A). The sample is semiconducting and the temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility follows Curie-Weiss behavior. X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy measurements indicate that in the oxynitride, molybdenum has a formal oxidation state significantly larger than 4+.
Photoacoustic overtone spectroscopy of liquids with continuous wave laser excitation

Abstract To study overtone absorptions in condensed phases, a technique is presented which uses a piezoelectric detector, lock-in amplification and a cw dye laser modulated at frequencies from 10 to 120 kHz with an acousto-optic modulator. Acoustic resonance frequencies calculated for a cylindrical cell are observed experimentally using liquid Si(CH 3 ) 4 as the sample. The acoustic signal is found to be proportional to the laser power. The fifth overtone of the CH streching mode of Si(CH 3 ) 4 has been recorded pure and in solutions with CCl 4 . With a 1% solution of Si(CH 3 ) 4 in CCl 4 , an absorbance of approximately 1 × 10 −5 cm −1 is detected with a dye laser power of 55 mW.
The influence of external free energy and homeostasis on growth and shape change

Mechanical forces are essential for the proper growth and biomechanical remodeling of several biological tissues. However, the relationship between mechanical forces and changes in tissue volume and shape is only beginning to be revealed in experiments. Theoretical contributions have provided an appropriate framework to interpret growth and remodeling in terms of mechanical loading. We present a volumetric growth model that shares features of these previous models. We focus on three key parameters for predicting tissue growth: (1) the characterization of the homeostatic reference state in which no growth occurs, (2) the mechanical energy of newly created tissue, and (3) the effect of shear forces on growth and inelastic shape change. To facilitate this analysis, we decompose the deformation gradient into a product of the inelastic growth and elastic deformations. We then place the evolution equation for the growth deformation in a thermodynamic context. Homeostasis, incoming free energy, and shear forces each directly affect the evolution of the tissue. We demonstrate this using numerical examples.
Chirp-encoded optical processor for pattern recognition

We describe a joint transform correlator in which the reference signal and the input scene are placed in different input planes along the optical axis. We show that this system will focus the off-axis cross-correlation functions and the on-axis autocorrelation functions in different output planes. In a conventional joint transform correlator, these terms are produced in the same output plane. The effect of placing the input scene and the reference signal in different input planes is mathematically analyzed. Computer simulations, and experimental results are presented to illustrate the performance of this correlator. We show that for the nonlinear joint transform correlator, the higher order correlation terms are produced in different output planes.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Allocation of Time Buffer to Construction Project Task Durations

AbstractFor this research, a time buffer is defined as the extra time added during planning to individual task durations to compensate for uncertainty and protect against workflow variation to assure a predictable hand-off to subsequent crews. Although previous research has acknowledged this addition of time buffers, their use in practice has not been studied. This paper reports on what causes people to add and size time buffers. A nationwide survey was administered to project managers, superintendents, and foremen to identify the most frequent and severe reasons for adding time buffers to construction task durations. Forty-seven buffer factors were grouped into nine categories: project characteristics, prerequisite work, detailed design/working method, labor force, tools and equipment, material and components, work/jobsite conditions, management/supervision/information flow, and weather. Contributions to the body of knowledge include (1) identifying the 12 most frequent and severe causes of time buffer; ...
The uses and limitations of a thermodynamic cycle simulation for assessing spark-ignition engine designs

The use of thermodynamic engine cycle simulations during powertrain development has become well established over the last several decades. Such engine simulations provide valuable insight into the various aspects of engine operation and are useful for interpreting experimental results, completing detailed parametric evaluations and evaluating powertrain concepts. This paper will present some examples of the use of thermodynamic engine cycle simulations. First, examples of basic cylinder parameters and overall engine performance parameters will be presented. Next, three case studies will be reviewed which illustrate the types of engine assessments that these simulations can provide.
Assessment and management of the orthopedic and other complications of Proteus syndrome

Purpose A multidisciplinary workshop was convened at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to discuss the management of the orthopedic and other complications of Proteus syndrome (PS), a progressive, disproportionate overgrowth disorder. While PS poses many complex challenges, the focus of the workshop was the management of the asymmetric and disorganized skeletal overgrowth that characterizes this multisystem disorder.
Identification and functional characterization of a member of the PUR-α family from Schistosoma mansoni☆

Schistosoma mansoni p14 gene encodes an eggshell precursor that is expressed only in vitelline cells of mature female worms in response to a male stimulus. The upstream region of the p14 gene contains several potential cis-acting regulatory sequences. We used the upstream region of the p14 gene as bait in a yeast-one-hybrid screen of a S. mansoni cDNA library to identify interacting proteins. We report the identification and characterization of a cDNA (S. mansoni PUR-alpha (SmPUR-α)) encoding a protein homologous to single-stranded DNA transcription activator PUR-α, that binds to the p14 upstream region and activates transcription of the HIS3 reporter gene in yeast. SmPUR-α has a predicted molecular mass of 30 kDa and shares an overall homology of 63% with mammalian PUR-α. The DNA binding domain of SmPUR-α is highly conserved. We show by gel shift assays that GST-SmPUR-α binds to oligonucleotides comprising the p14 upstream region. SmPUR-α binds preferentially to single-stranded DNA and also binds RNA. Unlike the mammalian homologue, SmPUR-α exhibits little specificity for the PUR element GGn, but shows strong preference for a sequence containing alternating pyrimidines. Our data support that SmPUR-α is a single-copy gene and through reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization, we show that SmPUR-α is constitutively transcribed in many cell types and thus likely plays a role as a general transcription activator in schistosomes.
Angiogenesis and scar formation in healing wounds

Purpose of reviewOne well described feature of wound healing is the ingrowth of new capillaries or angiogenesis. At its peak, the capillary content in healing wounds may reach three or more times that of normal uninjured tissue. This new vasculature is required to restore oxygenation and allow the g
The influence of TiO2 on the speciation and hydrogenation activity of Co/Al2O3 catalysts

The influence of TiO2 on the distribution of supported species in 3 wt% Co/Al2O3 catalysts has been examined by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA), Raman spectroscopy (LRS), and gravimetric analysis. The results show that for unmodified catalysts with low Ti loadings (<4 wt% Ti) the Co phase is present primarily as Co3O4 with lesser amounts of surface octahedral and tetrahedral cobalt [Co(o); Co(t)]. For catalysts having high Ti contents, Co3O4 formation is suppressed with increasing Ti loadings in favor of a CoTiO3-like surface phase. Benzene and CO hydrogenation activity measurements indicate that Ti addition decreases the catalytic activity for both reactions. This has been attributed primarily to site blocking which results from the migration of reduced Ti species.
Influence of stress history on time-dependent spall in metals

S can be defined as a complete or partial separation of a material resulting from the tension induced by the interaction of two rarefaction waves Since the first reported observation of spall by Hopkinson in 1914, the contributions to the field have consisted, for the most part, of the measurement of the stress necessary to produce spall These measurements are generally not in agreement because of appreciable variation in the analyses used to determine the stress as well as in the experimental procedures employed It must be realized that, even though spall occurs in but a few micioseconds, the sequence of events leading to spall is orderly 1 he sequence is initiated by subjecting the material to shock-induced stress, which is usually produced by explosive loading or by impacts The stress waves and their subsequent interactions with material boundaries and with one another ultimately, under proper conditions, pioduce a tension wave The stress waves influence the microstiucture of the material, and thereby condition the mateiial It follows that, if a complete description of spall is to be compiled, each event in the sequence and the response of the material to these events must be considered The description of spall is fai fiom complete However, advances made in the disciplines which parallel the study of spall, such as dislocation theory, ciack propagation, and stress wave analysis, have permitted some insight into the mechanism of spall One of the more significant contributions has been the determination of the dynamic stress-strain relations in one-dimensional strain which describe the stress history and permit, to a limited extent, the reconciliation of the reported data It is with this aspect of the problem that this paper is principally concerned The microscopic mechanisms of defoimation and fracture aie discussed to a lesser extent because of the paucity of infoimation available
Synchronization architecture for DVB-H seamless handover

DVB-H standard is a broadcast transmission system for IP-based services adapted to handheld devices capabilities. The key challenges of the system are the strict reception conditions and mobility. When a DVB-H receiver enters into a new cell with different transmission frequency, in order to maintain a selected service reception with no interruption, the receiver must perform a seamless handover process. This seamless handover can be achieved if accurate synchronisation is assured within the transmitting cells. This paper presents a synchronization architecture offering seamless handover to services in a DVB-H network. This architecture has been implemented on an existing DVB-H platform, where specific laboratory tests for seamless handover have been performed.
Is the relationship between birth intervals and perinatal mortality spurious? Evidence from Hungary and Sweden.

Data from Hungary and Sweden are used to investigate the extent to which prematurity confounds the relationship between length of preceding birth interval and perinatal mortality. Controlling for length of gestation removes between 65 and 90 per cent of the excess mortality associated with birth intervals of less than 18 months; however, mortality among infants who are born less than 18 months after the birth of their previous sibling is still higher than among infants born after longer intervals. These results suggest that, although short birth intervals are associated with high perinatal mortality, estimates of the risks attributable to birth-spacing are overstated, if length of gestation is not taken into account.
FemtoCaching: Wireless video content delivery through distributed caching helpers

We suggest a novel approach to handle the ongoing explosive increase in the demand for video content in wireless/mobile devices. We envision femtocell-like base stations, which we call helpers, with weak backhaul links but large storage capacity. These helpers form a wireless distributed caching network that assists the macro base station by handling requests of popular files that have been cached. Due to the short distances between helpers and requesting devices, the transmission of cached files can be done very efficiently.
Doubly-Selective Channel Estimation Using Data-Dependent Superimposed Training and Exponential Basis Models

Channel estimation for single-user frequency- selective time-varying channels is considered using superimposed training. The time-varying channel is assumed to be well- approximated by a complex exponential basis expansion model (CE-BEM). A periodic (non-random) training sequence is arithmetically added (superimposed) at low power to the information sequence at the transmitter before modulation and transmission. In existing first-order statistics-based channel estimators, the information sequence acts as interference resulting in a poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper a data-dependent superimposed training sequence is used to cancel out the effects of the unknown information sequence at the receiver on channel estimation. A performance analysis is presented. We also consider the issue of superimposed training power allocation. Several illustrative computer simulation examples are presented.
Teamwork in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Medical and technological advances in neonatology have prompted the initiation and expansion of developmentally supportive services for newborns and have incorporated rehabilitation professionals into the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) multidisciplinary team. Availability of therapists specialized in the care of neonates, the roles of rehabilitation professionals, and models of service delivery vary from hospital to hospital based on philosophy, resources, and other considerations. To provide quality care for infants and families, cohesive team dynamics are required including professional competence, mutual respect, accountability, effective communication, and collaboration. This article highlights the contribution of each member of the NICU team. The dynamics of team collaboration are presented with the goal of improving outcomes of infants and families.
Implications of finding synergic in vitro drug–drug interactions between interferon-α and ribavirin for the treatment of hepatitis C virus

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are currently treated using a combination of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and ribavirin (RBV). If IFN-alpha is utilized alone, the sustained virological response (SVR) rate is approximately 20%, whereas when RBV is used alone it does not lead to an SVR. However, when IFN-alpha and RBV are used together, the combination leads to an SVR rate of approximately 40%. This clinical synergy is thought to be due to the direct antiviral effects of RBV, or to indirect effects of RBV that stimulate the immune response. Evidence for either hypothesis is limited. Recently, we undertook an in vitro drug-drug combination analysis using surrogate model systems of HCV replication and found a reproducible synergy of antiviral effects between the two drugs at physiologically relevant drug concentrations. Our findings provide experimental support for the contention that the direct effects of these drugs' antiviral activity are responsible for the clinical synergy observed in patients.
Chemie der Silicium‐Silicium‐Doppelbindung

Disilene, Verbindungen mit einer Silicium-Silicium-Doppelbindung, konnen als thermisch stabile, gelbe oder orangefarbene kristalline Verbindungen isoliert werden, wenn die Raumerfullung der an die Siliciumatome gebundenen Substituenten (Mesityl-, tert-Butyl etc.) aus-reicht, um eine Polymerisation zu verhindern. Strukturelle und spektroskopische Untersuchungen belegen eine Reihe von Ahnlichkeiten zwischen den (3p-3p)π-Bindungen der Disilene und den (2p-2p)π-Bindungen der Olefine. Allerdings sind Disilene erheblich reaktiver als Alkene. Die Reaktionen der Disilene fuhren zu einer Vielzahl neuer Verbindungsklassen des Siliciums unter Einschlus drei- und viergliedriger Ringe, die neue Fragen zur chemischen Bindung aufwerfen.
A 15 GHz CMOS RF switch employing large-signal impedance matching

Employing large-signal impedance matching for the transmit node and conjugate matching for the receive node, a 15 GHz CMOS switch with high power handling is designed. With the design techniques, the P/sub -1dB/ in the transmit mode and the transducer power gain in the receive mode at high frequencies have been significantly improved. The switch exhibits P/sub -1dB/ of 23.6 dBm and 14.0 dBm, insertion loss of 2.08 dB and 3.67 dB, and isolation of 19.5 dB and 14.4 dB at 15 GHz in the transmit and receive modes, respectively. The results achieved from this design demonstrate that T/R switches with high P/sub -1dB/ low insertion loss, and high isolation at high frequency that are comparable to III-V counterparts can be realized with CMOS for high level integration.
Frequency modulation spectroscopy with a CO 2 laser: results and implications for ultrasensitive point monitoring of the atmosphere

In a demonstration of frequency modulation spectroscopy with a CO2 laser, sidebands at 1 GHz were generated using a CdTe electrooptic phase modulator driven either by 5-kW pulses from a microwave cavity oscilllator or by 10 W of cw power from a solid-state microwave amplifier. Frequency modulation signals resulting from sideband absorption by Fabry-Perot resonances were measured using a room-temperature 1-GHz bandwidth HgCdTe detector. Signal-to-noise ratios for the conditions of our experiments were ∼200:1 and limited by rf pickup noise in the detection electronics. Substantial improvements in SNR can be made by providing better rf shielding for the detection electronics and by using a liquid–nitrogen-cooled detector in conjunction with improved modulator designs.
A modulation coding scheme for multi-channel PRML

A modulation coding scheme is described for multi-channel partial-response systems with maximum likelihood sequence detection. A linear equalization scheme is considered for interchannel interference problem. >
Reliable upgrade of group communication software in sensor networks

Communication is critical between nodes in wireless sensor networks. Upgrades to their communication software need to be done reliably because residual software errors in the new module can cause complete system failure. We present a software architecture, called cSimplex, which can reliably upgrade multicast-based group communication software in sensor networks. Errors in the new module are detected using statistical checks and a stability definition that we propose. Error recovery is done by switching to a well-tested, reliable safety module without any interruption in the functioning of the system. cSimplex has been implemented and demonstrated in a network of acoustic sensors with mobile robots functioning as base stations. Experimental results show that faults in the upgraded software can be detected with an accuracy of 99.71% on average. The architecture, which can be easily extended to other reliable upgrade problems, will facilitate a paradigm shift in system evolution from static design and extensive testing to reliable upgrades of critical communication components in networked systems, thus also enabling substantial savings in testing time and resources.
Photo clip art

We present a system for inserting new objects into existing photographs by querying a vast image-based object library, pre-computed using a publicly available Internet object database. The central goal is to shield the user from all of the arduous tasks typically involved in image compositing. The user is only asked to do two simple things: 1) pick a 3D location in the scene to place a new object; 2) select an object to insert using a hierarchical menu. We pose the problem of object insertion as a data-driven, 3D-based, context-sensitive object retrieval task. Instead of trying to manipulate the object to change its orientation, color distribution, etc. to fit the new image, we simply retrieve an object of a specified class that has all the required properties (camera pose, lighting, resolution, etc) from our large object library. We present new automatic algorithms for improving object segmentation and blending, estimating true 3D object size and orientation, and estimating scene lighting conditions. We also present an intuitive user interface that makes object insertion fast and simple even for the artistically challenged.
A combinatorial game approach to state nullification by hybrid feedback

We define a combinatorial game such that a winning strategy for it gives a logic-based feedback strategy that steers the state of single-input-single-output, discrete-time, time-varying, n-step controllable systems to the origin in a finite number of steps (where n is the dimension of the system). The feedback strategy is robust with respect to disturbances that satisfy a matching condition. A winning strategy for the game is given and a construction of a hybrid feedback strategy that uses it is displayed.
Curiosity was Framed

This paper explores the nature of curiosity from an epistemological point of view. First it motivates this exploration by explaining why epistemologists do and should care about what curiosity is. Then it surveys the relevant literature and develops a particular approach.
Smoothed multiple taper spectral analysis and adaptive implementation

A hybrid estimator of the log-spectral density of a stationary time series is proposed. First, a multiple taper estimate is performed, followed by kernel smoothing the log-multitaper estimate. This procedure reduces the expected mean square error by ((/spl pi//sup 2/)/4)/sup 0.8/ over simply smoothing the log tapered periodogram. The optimal number of tapers is O(N/sup 8/(15/)). A data adaptive implementation of a variable bandwidth kernel smoother is given. >
SecAgreement: Advancing Security Risk Calculations in Cloud Services

By choosing to use cloud services, organizations seek to reduce costs and maximize efficiency. For mission critical systems that must satisfy security constraints, this push to the cloud introduces risks associated with cloud service providers not implementing organizationally selected security controls or policies. As internal system details are abstracted away as part of the cloud architecture, the organization must rely on contractual obligations embedded in service level agreements (SLAs) to assess service offerings. Current SLAs focus on quality of service metrics and lack the semantics needed to express security constraints that could be used to measure risk. We create a framework, called SecAgreement (SecAg), that extends the current SLA negotiation standard, WS-Agreement, to allow security metrics to be expressed on service description terms and service level objectives. The framework enables cloud service providers to include security in their SLA offerings, increasing the likelihood that their services will be used. We define and exemplify a cloud service matchmaking algorithm to assess and rank SecAg enhanced WS-Agreements by their risk, allowing organizations to quantify risk, identify any policy compliance gaps that might exist, and as a result select the cloud services that best meet their security needs.
Uniformity versus Flexibility: Evidence from Pricing of the Pension Obligation

We functionally derive the discretionary component of the pension obligation (PBO) based on deviation of actuarial assumptions—discount rate and compensation growth rate—from their respective indus...