cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AREVA rénove l’usine de fabrication de combustible de Romans

L'usine FBFC de Romans est l'une des unites de production du "Fuel Sector" d'AREVA NP. Construite dans la premiere partie des annees soixante-dix, elle a mis en oeuvre 16 000 tonnes d'uranium, soit environ 32 000 assemblages PWR. AREVA investit environ 100 millions d'euros dans cette usine sur la periode 2004-2008 afin de renover la totalite des bâtiments et installations mettant en oeuvre de l'uranium, avec comme objectif cle de repondre aux normes les plus exigeantes en termes de surete, radioprotection et environnement. L'introduction des technologies les plus recentes au service d'un process continu de production necessite une redefinition de l'organisation de production, et une mise en adequation des competences du personnel de l'usine afin d'atteindre la performance optimale du nouvel outil. Parallelement a cet investissement, le decret de creation de l'usine a ete revise en mars 2006 pour porter la capacite annuelle de production autorisee a 1800 tonnes de poudre U02 et 1400 tonnes d'assemblages.
On the stretching of alkyl chains by nematics

When a semiflexible chain molecule is subjected to an anistropic solvent, e.g., leads to a partial elongation and alignment of the molecule. The ordering of the CC bonds as a funciton of position along the chain was treated in an earlier communication by solving a lattice version of the rotational isomer state model in the presence of an external field. In the present paper, we extend this approach to the explicit calculation of solvent‐induced size and anisotropy effects. Specifically, we determine the increase in 〈Z2N〉1/2 as a function of chain conformation (i.e., gauche vs trans) energy e and of monomer–solvent coupling strength f. Here 〈Z2N〉1/2 is the root‐mean‐square value of the Z component of the end‐to‐end vector for an N‐bond molecule (the space‐fixed Z axis being taken to lie along the nematic direction). The elongation of the molecule is described in terms of the deformation of a sphere with radius R0=(3〈Z2N〉f=0)1/2 into an ellipsoid of revolution with eccentricity determined by 〈Z2N〉f≳0.
Estimating cortical activity from VEPS with the shrinking ellipsoid inverse

Abstract An iterative inverse method using Tikhonov regularization (the shrinking ellipsoid method) previously tested in a model system is used to invert the sequence of bioelectric scalp fields evoked by the onset of a checkerboard pattern in either the right or left lower hemifield. The shrinking ellipsoid method is modified from its original description to accommodate simultaneousely inverting a sequence of thirteen VEP scalp fields measured from 65 to 125 ms after stimulus onset. This allows the evoked cortical activity to be tracked in 5-ms intervals without distortion due to occasional VEP scalp fields in the sequence that have too low a signal-to-noise ratio to be reliably inverted in isolation. A new method is described to identify the surface of the cortex from MRI data. This is required to implement the shrinking ellipsoid inverse. Results from two subjects studied in detail are presented. The earliest cortical activity occurs either in area MT (the middle temporal area) or simultaneously in MT and striate cortex (V1). However when it does occur in both areas, the activity in V1 is relatively weak and quickly subsides. Seventy-five ms after stimulus onset activity is seen mainly near MT corresponding to a region identified from PET studies as one that subserves motion processing. Activity moves to V1 by 90–100 ms after stimulus onset. Near 120 ms after stimulus onset, cortical activity returns to the region near MT. Virtually all activity identified in this time epoch occurs in the cortical hemisphere contralateral to the location of the stimulus in the visual field.
Action unit recognition transfer across datasets

We explore how CERT [15], a computer expression recognition toolbox trained on a large dataset of spontaneous facial expressions (FFD07), generalizes to a new, previously unseen dataset (FERA). The experiment was unique in that the authors had no access to the test labels, which were guarded as part of the FERA challenge. We show that without any training or special adaptation to the new database, CERT performs better than a baseline method trained exclusively on that database. Best results are achieved by retraining CERT with a combination of old and new data. We also found that the FERA dataset may be too small and idiosyncratic to generalize to other datasets. Training on FERA alone produced good results on FERA but very poor results on FFD07. We reflect on the importance of challenges like this for the future of the field, and discuss suggestions for standardization of future challenges.
Fetal intrahepatic vein sampling: the procedure of choice for fetal thrombocytopenia?

FOR FETAL THROMBOCYTOPENIA? ABIMBOLA AINA-MUMUNEY, CYNTHIA HOLCROFT, LORRAINE MILIO, JESSICA BIENSTOCK, JUDE CRINO, KARIN BLAKEMORE, Johns Hopkins University, Gynecology & Obstetrics, Baltimore, MD OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence of streaming from needle insertion sampling sites, non-reassuring fetal heart rate (FHR), and need for immediate cesarean section (C/S) following fetal intrahepatic vein (IHV) sampling versus sampling at the placental cord insertion site or a loop of cord (PUBS). STUDY DESIGN: Consecutive IHV and PUBS procedures, including failed attempts, between 7/87 and 8/03 were compared with respect to incidence of streaming at the sampling site, non-reassuring FHR or, in eligible cases, need for immediate C/S post procedure. Cases with fetal platelet counts < 50K were analyzed separately. Data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. RESULTS: We identified 202 procedures: 112 intrahepatic, 79 placental cord insertion site, 11 a loop of cord. Presence or absence of streaming was documented in 81 IHV samplings and 72 PUBS samplings. Postprocedure streaming was significantly less common with IHV (1/81 or 1.2%) compared to PUBS (23/72 or 32%), P < 0.0001. There was no difference between IHV and PUBSwith respect to incidence of non-reassuring FHR (5/112 vs 7/90, P = 0.38) or need for immediate C/S (2/94 vs 3/88, P = 0.67). 17 cases of fetal thrombocytopenia were identified, of which 13 were sampled via IHV and 4 by PUBS. Streaming occurred in 0 of 13 of the IHV cases versus 2 of 4 (50%) of the PUBS cases, P = 0.04 (which is slightly higher than the 12%-41% incidence of streaming following PUBS for all indications as reported in the literature). CONCLUSION: IHV has a significantly lower rate of streaming from needle sampling insertion sites as compared to PUBS. Our data suggest that IHV sampling is the procedure of choice in disease states in which fetal thrombocytopenia is suspected.
Sex-role identification and self-esteem in college students: Do men and women differ?

To explore the relationship between sex-role identification, achievement motivation, and self-esteem, 312 male and female college students were given the Stereotype Questionnaire, a modified form of the Mehrabian Achievement Motivation Test, and the Tennessee Self Concept Scale. Group self-esteem scores of males and females did not differ significantly. While achievement motivation was a significant correlate of self-esteem for both males and females, the relationship was significantly stronger for females than for males. Furthermore, a significant direct relationship was found for both males and females between a stereotypically more masculine orientation and self-esteem. A mutually reinforcing “salutary circle” of processes was proposed to explain the results.
Clinical applications of the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale: Fourth edition to reading instruction of children with learning disabilities

When children are referred to psychologists for evaluation, the most useful resulting information for the classroom teacher is not a label but suggestions regarding instruction. In its present format, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition (SB:FE; Thorndike, Hagen, & Sattler, 1986) lends itself to the selection of instructional strategies in reading for children with learning problems. The data on cognitive skills obtained from the SB:FE provide important insights into cognitive strengths and weaknesses that may be related to academic functioning. Although there is no one-to-one correspondence between scores on a particular subtest and performance in a particular academic area, clinical interpretation of SB:FE test data can help psychologists answer the question, “How do I teach him to read?”
Bronchial Artery Embolization

Massive hemoptysis is a life-threatening emergency. Chest radiograph, computed tomography, and bronchoscopy play a complementary role in diagnosing the underlying cause of hemorrhage and localizing the bleeding site. Bronchial artery embolization remains the primary and most effective method in controlling massive hemoptysis. Bronchial and nonbronchial systemic arteries are the main source of bleeding and are embolized with polyvinyl alcohol particles or gelatin sponge. Immediate cessation of bleeding occurs in more than 75% of patients; however, long-term recurrences are common in patients with progressive lung disease. Complications are infrequent except for a rare occurrence of spinal cord ischemia.
Length and PKA Dependence of Force Generation and Loaded Shortening in Porcine Cardiac Myocytes.

In healthy hearts, ventricular ejection is determined by three myofibrillar properties; force, force development rate, and rate of loaded shortening (i.e., power). The sarcomere length and PKA dependence of these mechanical properties were measured in porcine cardiac myocytes. Permeabilized myocytes were prepared from left ventricular free walls and myocyte preparations were calcium activated to yield ~50% maximal force after which isometric force was measured at varied sarcomere lengths. Porcine myocyte preparations exhibited two populations of length-tension relationships, one being shallower than the other. Moreover, myocytes with shallow length-tension relationships displayed steeper relationships following PKA. Sarcomere length- relationships also were measured and remained nearly constant over ~2.30 μm to ~1.90 μm and then increased at lengths below 1.90 μm. Loaded-shortening and peak-normalized power output was similar at ~2.30 μm and ~1.90 μm even during activations with the same [Ca2
Abstract 2017: Galectin-3 SNP rs10148371 in the anti-death motif NWGR is related to the colon cancer incidence in African Americans

Survival after cancer diagnosis is poorer for African Americans than for Caucasians. While some of this survival difference is driven by differences in the stage at diagnosis, even within the stage this trend is evident. For example, 5-year relative survival for colorectal cancer diagnosed as regional stage is 68.5% for Caucasians and only 60.6% for African Americans. Little is known about racial differences in response to chemotherapy and the subsequent impact on survival. A number of recent reports have focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the notion that such genetic event(s) can/may contribute to cancer development or progression. We have identified a SNP, rs10148371, which results in the substitution of R183K in the NWGR anti-death motif of the galectin-3 gene. Galectin-3, belonging to the family of carbohydrate-binding galectins is a multi-function tumor associated protein, which regulates cell growth, cell proliferation, cell adhesion, angiogenesis and apoptosis. It contains the NWGR motif characteristic of BH1 domain of Bcl-2 family responsible for protecting cells from apoptosis. To understand the significance of this SNP, we generated point mutation G548 to A in galectin-3 cDNA leading to R183K substitution. The resulting cDNA was stably transfected into low galectin-3 expressing colon carcinoma cells SW480 and RKO. Selected clones were analyzed for cell survival and apoptotic potential against cisplatin, 5 fluoro-uracil and oxaliplatin. The clones containing mutated galectin-3 showed a higher susceptibility to apoptosis compared to the wild type galectin-3. The WT clones showed an up-regulation of β-catenin and its downstream target proteins, which was not seen in the mutant clones. Ability/inability of mutated galectin-3 in the nuclear translocation of β-catenin is being studied. The racial distribution of the SNP rs10148371 in the normal population of the African Americans is 22%, while in Caucasians and Asians disease free population it can be found in less than 1%. To analyze the significance of this SNP in relation to breast and colorectal cancer, we performed genotype analysis with breast cancer (N=124) or colorectal cancer (N=129) patients. Stratified analyses revealed that the Lys variant was marginally significantly inversely associated with advanced tumor stage (p=0.08) and younger ( Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2017. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2017
Na+/H+ exchanger inhibition modifies dopamine neurotransmission during normal and metabolic stress conditions

Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) proteins are involved in intracellular pH and volume regulation and may indirectly influence neurotransmission. The abundant NHE isoform 1 (NHE1) has also been linked to brain cell damage during metabolic stress. It is not known, however, whether NHE1 or other NHE isoforms play a role in striatal dopamine (DA) neurotransmission under normal or metabolic stress conditions. Our study tested the hypothesis that NHE inhibition with cariporide mesilate (HOE-642) modifies striatal DA overflow and DAergic terminal damage in mice caused by the mitochondrial inhibitor malonate. We also explored the expression of NHE1–5 in the striatum and substantia nigra. Reverse microdialysis of HOE-642 elicited a transient elevation followed by a reduction in DA overflow accompanied by a decline in striatal DA content. HOE-642 pre-treatment diminished the malonate-induced DA overflow without reducing the intensity of the metabolic stress or subsequent DAergic axonal damage. Although NHE isoforms 1–5 are expressed in the striatum and midbrain, NHE1 protein was not co-located on nigrostriatal DAergic neurons. The absence of NHE1 co-location on DAergic neurons suggests that the effects of HOE-642 on striatal DA overflow are either mediated via NHE1 located on other cell types or that HOE-642 is acting through multiple NHE isoforms.
Protocol for quantitative analysis of paired helical filament solubilization: a method applicable to insoluble amyloids and inclusion bodies

Abstract Biochemical studies of amyloidoses have been plagued by the sparing solubility of most amyloids in denaturant solvents. Consequently often only a subclass of amyloid protein is analyzed, a fact that is omitted in most studies. This means that there is often no evaluation of the chemical basis for amyloid insolubility, a factor that may provide valuable information concerning amyloid pathogenesis. We have devised a protocol to quantitatively evaluate the solubilization of insoluble amyloid proteins. Specifically, we use protein extraction and reduction in the volume of insoluble material as quantitative assays to establish solvents that dissolve all protein. Here we describe the application of this protocol to quantitatively establish complete solubilization of the paired helical filaments (PHFs) from Alzheimer disease. PHFs are distinct from the other amyloid that defines Alzheimer disease (AD), i.e., extracellular amyloid-β deposits of senile plaques, nonetheless, PHFs share all the properties of, and are defined as, an amyloid, i.e., binding Congo red; β-pleated sheet conformation and, most significantly, sparing solubility. PHFs of neurofibrillary tangles are the most striking intraneuronal change seen within the brains of patients with AD. Despite intense efforts to understand the molecular composition of this amyloid, quantitative biochemical analyses have been severely hampered by the extreme insolubility of PHF [8] and by difficulties obtaining a homogeneous PHF fraction. Therefore, to date, all of the published studies on the biochemical composition of insoluble PHFs (SDS-insoluble) are qualitative and have provided little or no quantitative data on the proportion of material assayed. Using the solubilization protocol described herein, we found that only high pH was effective in solubilizing PHF while a variety of denaturants and chaotropes resulted in only partial release of component protein. Significantly, the approach is analytical because it allows direct assessment of the significance of two posttranslational modifications in mediating PHF insolubility, i.e., phosphorylation and glycation. Further this protocol provides solubilized protein that can be readily characterized. For example, coupling the method to immunoblotting, ELISA, microsequencing or other analytical techniques would identify components as well as provide a quantitative measure.
An efficient Ni K α X-ray source driven by a high energy fiber CPA system

In this paper we report the first demonstration of efficient hard X-ray generation using a femtosecond fiber laser. The hard X-ray source has yield efficiencies similar to those obtained with solid state laser drivers with comparable pulse energies and intensities. Further experiments on increasing X-ray yield efficiency with higher pulse energies from the current system are in progress. Since this fiber laser technology is scalable to >100-W of average power this demonstration opens a path towards compact high-brightness hard X-ray sources for imaging and time resolved diffraction experiments.
Confidence intervals for the odds ratio in case-control studies: The state of the art

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses confidence intervals for the odds ratio using data from a four-fold table resulting from a simple case-control study. Approximate procedures for setting confidence limits around the population odds ratio have been compared according to three criteria: (1) close agreement between the approximate and the exact limits; (2) identical inferences for or against statistical significance from a hypothesis test and from the confidence interval excluding or including the value one; and (3) relative simplicity in calculation, which means that all calculations can be performed using desk-top or pocket calculators, with the mathematical operations being no more complicated than extracting square roots or taking logarithms. Because the computer programs for the exact method are not widely available, and because the published tables do not cover all possible cases, one must resort in practice to approximate methods for constructing confidence intervals. The chapter discusses the approximate methods that are in use.
Brown fat: thermogenic effect during arousal from hibernation in the bat.

In the bat Eptesicus fuscus the temperature of brown fat exceeded that of other tissues by about 3°C during the late stages of arousal from hibernation. Heat production seems to be a major function of brown fat in the hibernating mammal.
An evaluation of risperidone drug interactions

Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic drug, is widely used in the treatment of psychoses associated with schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and other psychiatric disorders. Polypharmacology is a necessary condition for the optimal treatment of many patients with comorbid psychiatric and medical illness. One concern raised by the widespread use of multiple concurrent pharmacotherapies is the potential for drug-drug interactions to adversely affect patient outcome. Accordingly, the biomedical literature was reviewed for reports of drug interactions involving risperidone, and the clinical significance of each report was evaluated. Additionally, the potential for risperidone to participate in drug interactions was evaluated by considering the drug's pharmacokinetic properties. Controlled studies and case reports indicate that risperidone has a low potential for metabolic drug interactions. Drugs that inhibit cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 or induce or inhibit CYP3A4 may alter risperidone plasma concentrations, but the clinical significance of such interactions seems to be minimal. Adherence to a few guidelines for the design of dosage regimens should limit the effect of drug-drug interactions on patient status and contribute to optimal pharmacotherapy with risperidone.
The study of mammalian organogenesis by mosaic pattern analysis

Chimeras are animals derived from more than one zygote and composed of two cell lineages which are distinguishable in some way at the cellular level. Spontaneous mosaic animals are also composed of distinguishable cell lineages but are monozygotic. The tissues of both mono- and multizygotic animals of this type are mosaic arrays in which aggregates of like cells form patches, the size and distribution of which can be useful in the analysis of diverse problems in developmental biology. Both biochemical and in situ methods have been applied to the elucidation of mosaic pattern. Both forms of mosaicism have proven useful in establishing theoretic constructs of the formation and maintenance of mammalian organs. A number of these constructs are discussed: cell fusion as related to myotube formation; mechanisms of coat pigmentation and the cellular origin of melanocytes; and pattern analyses of the retinal pigmented epithelium, the intestine, liver, adrenal cortex and thymus. Pathologic alterations in such animals have also been studied utilizing mosaic pattern analysis. In particular, neoplastic tumors and their associated preneoplastic lesions have been shown to be clonal.
Microdetermination of nitrates and nitrites in saliva, blood, water, and suspended particulates in air by gas chromatography.

Abstract A generally applicable method for the analysis of nitrates and nitrites has been used for a wide variety of samples, including human saliva, blood, drinking water, and airborne particulates. Aqueous nitrate ion is first converted to nitrobenzene by reaction with benzene (or another aromatic reactant) in the presence of a catalyst. The nitrobenzene is then quantitated by electron capture gas chromatography (GC-ECD). Nitrite ion and gaseous oxides of nitrogen can be determined also if such samples are treated appropriately prior to GC-ECD analysis. Other reactants such as 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene can also be used in the place of benzene. The high sensitivity of ECD allows the quantitation of as little as 0.1 ppm (w/w) nitrate in a single drop of saliva or blood.
Some implications of temporal drift in social parameters

Abstract Social and political factors often have an effect on the way we perceive and think about particular events. While it is generally acknowledged that these factors are likely to change over time, the implications of such temporal changes for empirical research are not often considered. In this paper, some of these are illustrated by examining data collected from a sequence of studies conducted over a 3-year period (1973–1976). Subjects viewed the same videotaped mock (rape) trial and, prior to experimental manipulations, gave their own personal verdict. An examination of the proportion of mock jurors preferring guilty in each of the studies revealed a drift of 16% (.53 to .69) from 1973–1976. This trend toward harsher judgments was observed for both sexes, with females uniformly more likely than males to favor conviction. Ancillary evidence suggests that the upward drift reflected changes in the perception of rape during that period. The implications of temporal drift in parameter values for empirical research were illustrated by simulating jury size effects using social decision scheme theory ( J. H. Davis, Psychological Review, 1973, 80, 97–125). The results indicate that the magnitude of theoretical differences due to jury size must have decreased as the probability of an individual guilty vote increased over time. Thus, failures to replicate findings may not be due entirely to sampling error, methodological imprecision, or the like, but to temporal changes in the social phenomenon under investigation.
Catalytic burner for an indirect methanol fuel cell vehicle fuel processor

Abstract Major impediments to the wide-scale implementation of hydrogen/air fuel cell vehicles are the lack of hydrogen infrastructure and on-board hydrogen storage. One proposed source of hydrogen exists in the development of on-board methanol (and other hydrocarbon) fuel processors. Packaging limitations and fuel processor performance constraints on efficiency and transient response play key roles in vehicular applications. These constraints may be addressed by considering proper thermal integration between two major components of the fuel processor: the reformer and catalytic burner. The focus of this research is on the effects of the catalytic burner on reformer performance in a thermally well-integrated configuration. Specifically, the work has focused on the generation of a detailed numerical model incorporating kinetics and mass and heat transfer to accurately characterize the burner. Unlike a simple, thermodynamic model, the detailed model provides a level of complexity necessary to understand the impact of thermal integration on reformer transient response, reformate composition, and emissions.
A simple method for the determination of organic bound iodine.

A rapid method for the determination of organic bound iodine is described using chloric acid as the oxidizing digestion reagent. The iodine concentration which may be determined with analytical accuracy ranges from a fraction of a milligram to 100 mg. The method permits the simultaneous estimation of organic bound iodine in several samples since a minimum of care is indicated in the digestion process. No special apparatus is required other than that found in the ordinary laboratory. The procedure makes possible the analysis of 20 samples per day per analyst.
The impact of comorbid anxiety disorders on the course of dysthymic disorder: a 5-year prospective longitudinal study.

Background: Few studies have examined the impact of comorbid anxiety disorder on the course of dysthymic disorder despite the high rate of comorbidity between these disorders. This research prospectively examines the naturalistic course of dysthymic disorder in patients with and without a comorbid anxiety disorder over a 5-year period. Methods: Thirty-two comorbid patients and 54 non-comorbid patients with dysthymic disorder were assessed at three different time points (baseline, 30 months, and 60 months). Follow-up assessments included the Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD). Results: The rate of recovery from dysthymic disorder was significantly lower in patients with (31.3%) than without (61.1%) comorbid anxiety disorders and, at all three time points, patients with comorbid anxiety had significantly higher HRSD scores. The estimated recovery rate from anxiety disorders was 53.8%. Only five of the comorbid patients recovered from both dysthymic disorder and all anxiety disorders during follow-up. Including new onsets, 72.1% of patients experienced an episode of an anxiety disorder during the 5 years. Limitations: There was no pure anxiety disorder group and patients were asked to report on relatively lengthy follow-up intervals. Conclusions: While the course of dysthymic disorder is debilitating, these results suggest that the prognosis for patients with a comorbid anxiety disorder is even poorer.
A Topology-Based Approach for Exploiting Sparsity in Multibody Dynamics in Cartesian Formulation*

ABSTRACT In this paper, a new method for efficiently computing accelerations and La-grange multipliers in the equations of multibody dynamics is presented. These quantities are the solution of a system of linear equations that has a coefficient matrix with the special structure of an optimization matrix. This matrix is likely to have a large number of zero entries, according to the connectivity among bodies of the mechanical system. This method takes advantage of both the special structure and the sparsity of the coefficient matrix. Simple manipulations bring the original problem of solving a system of n + m equations in n + m unknowns to an equivalent problem in which a positive definite system of dimension m × m has to be solved for the Lagrange multipliers. Accelerations are then efficiently determined. For certain mechanical system models, the bandwidth of the m ×m positive definite matrix can be reduced significantly by appropriately numbering the joints connecting bodies of the model. Numerical expe...
Human lymphocytes subpopulations: rabbit red blood cell rosettes.

Abstract When human lymphocytes were incubated with rabbit red blood cells (RRBC) in vitro at 4°C overnight, they adhered to form rosettes. 44 ± 4.5% of thymocytes and 0.7 ± 0.3% of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) formed these rosettes. The rosette-forming cells (RFC) increased to 10–40% when the PBL were stimulated by mitogens. The increases were detected 4 h after culture and reached a maximum at 24 h, thus preceding significant increases in DNA synthesis. In another set of experiments, PBL were stimulated by a range of concentrations of each 5 mitogens. The concentrations which led to high DNA synthesis rates also generated high percentages of the rosettes. Lastly, PBL were activated by mitogens and the effect of inhibitors of DNA synthesis, protein synthesis and ATPase activity investigated. Only the latter could inhibit the generation of the RFC. In conclusion, 1) RRBC rosettes in mitogen stimulated human PBL were markers of activated lymphocytes, 2) the percentages of RFC could constitute a reliable index of mitogenic responses, and 3) this index was independent of the usual criteria of protein and DNA synthesis.
Knowing from Testimony

Testimony is a vital and ubiquitous source of knowledge. Were we to refrain from accepting the testimony of others, our lives would be impoverished in startling and debilitating ways. Despite the vital role that testimony occupies in our epistemic lives, traditional epistemological theories have focused primarily on other sources, such as sense perception, memory, and reason, with relatively little attention devoted specifically to testimony. In recent years, however, the epistemic significance of testimony has been more fully appreciated. I shall here focus on two questions that have received the most attention in recent work in the epistemology of testimony. First, is testimonial knowledge acquired only by being transmitted from speaker to hearer? Second, must a hearer have positive reasons to justifiedly accept a speaker's testimony?
Cumulative effects of amiodarone on inducibility of ventricular tachycardia: implications for electrophysiological testing

To determine whether the slow onset of action of amiodarone might result in a delayed effect on the inducibility of sustained ventricular arrhythmias, 45 patients with ischemic heart disease and inducible sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia were prospectively studied. Each patient had at least one initial repeat study on amiodarone and those with persistently inducible arrhythmias were rescheduled for further studies over the following 24 weeks. After 2-3 weeks of amiodarone therapy, nine patients no longer had inducible tachycardias, and tachycardia in another eight patients (18%) later became noninducible. Using life-table methods, analysis based on the results of the first re-study showed 18-month recurrence rates of 43% in the inducible vs 17% in the noninducible groups (p = 0.056). When the results of additional testing were then used to reclassify patients, the recurrence rates for these two groups were 50% and 17%, respectively (p = 0.004). Observation of blood pressure and level of consciousness during induced arrhythmias was also predictive of clinical tolerance in patients having recurrences; 16 of 19 patients experienced symptoms of similar severity to those produced during testing. We conclude: (1) early testing of amiodarone may result in misclassification of some patients as remaining inducible; (2) re-testing at a later time more accurately predicts tachycardia recurrence; (3) observation of hemodynamic response also provides important prognostic information.
10.2: Dynamic Decay Processes of a Polymer‐Stabilized Blue‐Phase Liquid Crystal

Fast response time is the most attractive feature of polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystals (PS-BPLCs). We have investigated the response time of a PS-BPLC under various electric fields and proposed a double-relaxation model to explain the possible mechanisms. These results will guide the future device design for keeping fast response time while suppressing hysteresis.
Stress, lexical focus, and segmental focus in English: patterns of variation in vowel duration

Abstract This paper reports a study of the effects of stress and two types of focus on vowel duration and quality in English. Our previous work on Arabic has found that while such factors as phonemic quantity and the voicing of a following consonant affect vowel duration, such effects differ from one another concerning how they interact with stress and focus. Quantity effects are larger with stress and focus, while voicing effects remain about the same across stress and focus conditions. These results suggest that vowel duration differences due to vowel quantity indicate a linguistic contrast, but vowel duration differences due to consonant voicing do not. The current paper tests this interpretation by extending the previous studies of Arabic to a similar corpus in English. This paper finds durational differences between vowel categories and between vowels preceding voiced and voiceless stops. As in Arabic, stress increases differences due to vowel category. Unlike in Arabic, however, stress also increases vowel duration differences due to voicing of the following consonant. Focus effects are mediated by stress such that increases in durational differences are localized largely in syllables which are primary stressed and accented. Results show that both stress and focus can be used to distinguish contrastive from noncontrastive aspects of speech behavior.
Special session: Race and the idea of privilege in the engineering classroom

White privilege is an important concept when considering issues such as social justice, the internal “culture” of engineering education and systematic change in engineering education. However, it is not well understood by most engineering educators. This Special Session will help participants explore the idea of White Privilege within the context of engineering education. Through an interactive format, participants will learn some theory and develop some ideas for addressing White Privilege in engineering learning environments. The related idea of stereotype threat will also be discussed.
San Luis Valley Recombinant chromosome 8 and tetralogy of Fallot: A review of chromosome 8 anomalies and congenital heart disease

Tetralogy of Fallot, the most common cyanotic heart defect, has not been closely associated with a specific chromosome defect. The San Luis Valley Recombinant Chromosome 8 [SLV Rec(8)] syndrome is strongly associated with congenital heart disease, particularly tetralogy of Fallot. This article reviews SLV Rec(8) syndrome and other chromosome 8 aberrations to suggest locations for cardiogenic genes. SLV Rec(8) [rec(8),dup q,inv(8)(p23q22)] syndrome has been found in Hispanic families in the southwestern United States. Congenital heart disease is found in 93.3% of SLV Rec(8) individuals (n = 45), with tetralogy of Fallot constituting 40.5% of all lesions and conotruncal defects, 55.6%. These frequencies exceed the incidence of tetralogy of Fallot (10%) and conotruncal defects (20%) among all children with heart defects (P less than 0.003 for both). Review of patients with deletion 8p (n = 13) showed heart defects in 84.6% with 27.3% being conotruncal defects. Among duplication 8q patients (n = 20), 45% had heart defects with conotruncal defects constituting 44%. Neither group differed significantly from expected in its incidence of conotruncal defects. Among patients with mosaic trisomy 8 (n = 47), 12 had heart abnormalities including one conotruncal defect. Among 3 patients with other rec(8) chromosomes, one had a ventricular septal defect. The cause of heart defects in SLV Rec(8) cannot be assigned to either the deletion of 8p or the duplication of 8q. The lack of an association between other chromosome 8 abnormalities and tetralogy of Fallot suggests that genes at the SLV Rec(8) breakpoints or an interaction between genes on both arms of chromosome 8 are important.
Empirical questions for collective-behaviour modelling

The collective behaviour of groups of social animals has been an active topic of study across many disciplines, and has a long history of modelling. Classical models have been successful in capturing the large-scale patterns formed by animal aggregations, but fare less well in accounting for details, particularly for groups that do not display net motion. Inspired by recent measurements of swarming insects, which are not well described by the classical modelling paradigm, I pose a set of questions that must be answered by any collective-behaviour model. By explicitly stating the choices made in response to each of these questions, models can be more easily categorized and compared, and their expected range of validity can be clarified.
Structure and absorption and fluorescence spectra of Eu(PyNO)8(C104)3

Abstract The compound Eu(PyNO) 8 (ClO 4 ) 3 (PyNO ≡ pyridine- N -oxide) is monoclinic ( P 2 1 ) with a = 13.252(1); b = 19.571(2), c = 19.367(2) A , and β = 94.94(1) °. The structure has been solved and the Eu 3+ ion is found in two slightly different eight-co-ordinate geometries. Analysis of the shape parameters for eight-co-ordination shows that each of these best approximates the square anti-prism. As appropriate for this geometry, the compound fluoresces a brilliant orange and the 5 D 0 → 7 F 1 transition is approximately three times stronger than the 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 transition. The 5 D 0 → 7 F 4 transition is also quite strong. Although there are two different Eu 3+ environments, only a single, sharp 5 D 0 → 7 F 0 transition is observed. The effect of the co-ordination geometries about the europium ions on the absorption and fluorescence spectra will be considered.
Receiver operating characteristic and confidence error metrics for assessing the performance of automatic target recognition systems

The ability of certain performance metrics to quantify how well a target recognition system under test SUT can correctly identify tar- gets and non-targets is investigated. The SUT, which may employ opti- cal, microwave, or other inputs, assigns a score between zero and one that indicates the predicted probability of a target. Sampled target and nontarget SUT score outputs are generated using representative sets of beta probability densities. Two performance metrics, the area under the receiver operating characteristic AURC and the confidence error CE, are analyzed. The AURC quantifies how well the target and nontarget distributions are separated, and the CE quantifies the statistical accuracy of each assigned score. The CE and AURC were generated for many representative sets of beta-distributed scores, and the metrics were cal- culated and compared using continuous methods as well as discrete sampling methods. Close agreement in results with these methods for the AURC is shown. While the continuous and the discrete CE are shown to be similar, differences are shown in various discrete CE ap- proaches, which occur when bins of various sizes are used. A method for an alternative weighted CE calculation using maximum likelihood estima- tion of density parameters is identified. This method enables sampled data to be processed using continuous methods. © 2005 Society of Photo-
Injuries of the Trachea and Bronchi

Abstract There were 105 injuries of the trachea and bronchi in Dallas County over the ten-year period 1958 through 1967. Twenty-four patients were alive (AOA) and 81 were dead (DOA) on admission. Survival to reach the hospital was related to age, wounding agent, site and severity of injury, and major associated injuries, particularly cardiovascular. Diagnosis in AOA patients could be suspected on the basis of symptoms and was confirmed by bronchoscopy. Definitive treatment included primary suture in 17 patients and tracheostomy alone in 4. Of the 21 patients with injuries to the trachea, 18 did well. Poor results were related to associated injuries or inadequate treatment. The 3 patients with bronchial injuries were treated by primary suture. One patient died of late stricture. Although most tracheal and bronchial injuries are associated with other fatal injuries, the prognosis in those patients who arrive alive is good. Immediate primary closure of the wound offers the best chance for a good result.
Large eddy simulations of in-cylinder turbulence for internal combustion engines: A review

AbstractWhile engineering applications of the large eddy simulation (LES) technique are becoming a common reality in many branches of engineering and science, its application to engine flows has lagged behind due to the relatively more complex nature of both the flow and the geometry relevant to in-cylinder flows. In this paper a review of the limited number of LES applications to engine flows is given, and most significant results from these studies are presented. Also, the LES formulation appropriate for engine applications is briefly described, along with the main characteristics of in-cylinder flows. As expected, engine applications of LES are not of the so-called ‘high-fidelity’ type, but rather they employ formally second-order accurate numerical schemes in conjunction with finite volume formulation. The subgrid scale (SGS) models used are also kept as simple as possible, mostly using a variant of the Smagorinsky model. Nevertheless, this review reveals that even with relatively coarse grids, LES ca...
Forest species diversity reduces disease risk in a generalist plant pathogen invasion

Empirical evidence suggests that biodiversity loss can increase disease transmission, yet our understanding of thediversity-disease hypothesisfor generalist pathogens in natural ecosystems is limited. We used a landscape epidemiological approach to examine two scenarios regarding diversity effects on the emerging plant pathogen Phytophthora ramorum across a broad, heterogeneous ecoregion: (1) an amplification effect exists where disease risk is greater in areas with higher plant diversity due to the pathogens wide host range, or (2) a dilution effect where risk is reduced with increasing diversity due to lower competency of alternative hosts. We found evidence for pathogen dilution, whereby disease risk was lower in sites with higher species diversity, after accounting for potentially confounding effects of host density and landscape heterogeneity. Our results suggest that although nearly all plants in the ecosystem are hosts, alternative hosts may dilute disease transmission by competent hosts, thereby buffering forest health from infectious disease.
The role of postinhibitory rebound in the locomotor central-pattern generator of Clione limacina

In animals, networks of central neurons, called central-pattern generators (CPGs), produce a variety of locomotory behaviors including walking, swimming, and flying. CPGs from diverse animals share many common characteristics that function at the system level, circuit level, and cellular level. However, the relative roles of common CPG characteristics are variable among different animal species, in ways that suit different forms of locomotion in different environmental contexts. Here, we examine some of these common features within the locomotor CPG in a model system used to investigate changes in locomotory speed-the swim system of the pteropod mollusk, Clione limacina. In particular, we discuss the role of one cellular characteristic that is essential for locomotor pattern generation in Clione, postinhibitory rebound.
CAS-FEST 2010: Mitigating Variability in Near-Threshold Computing

Near threshold computing has recently gained significant interest due to its potential to address the prohibitive increase of power consumption in a wide spectrum of modern VLSI circuits. This tutorial paper starts by reviewing the benefits and challenges of near threshold computing. We focus on the challenge of variability and discuss circuit and architecture solutions tailored to three different circuit fabrics: logic, memory, and clock distribution. Soft-edge clocking, body-biasing, mismatch-tolerant memories, asynchronous operation and low-skew clock networks are presented to mitigate variability in the near threshold VDD regime.
VCSEL-based smart pixels for free-space optical interconnection

High speed smart pixel arrays (SPAs) hold great promise as an enabling technology for board-to-board interconnections in digital systems. The SPAs are arrays of optoelectronic circuits for which each circuit possesses the property of signal processing and has an optical transmitter and receiver for I/O. This paper describes a VCSEL/Si smart pixel array technology developed at the University of Colorado, and reports on a free-space optical interconnect (FSOI) system that is based on these SPAs. This effort is unique in the processing complexity of the pixels, in the bi-directionality of the optical interconnects, and in the thermosonic bonding of the VCSEL and silicon chips.
Understanding Work and Knowledge Management from a Knowledge-in-Practice Perspective

We introduce a knowledge-in-practice framework for understanding the nature of work and use this framework to peer into the black box of knowledge management (KM) and to explore the relation between KM activities and performance. The knowledge-in-practice framework describes knowledge characteristics of work practices along two dimensions: tacitness and learnability. We propose that adopting KM activities that match the tacitness and learnability of organizational work settings will have a positive effect on desirable performance targets for each work environment. Our framework offers a new lens for defining work and work settings. We identify patterns of KM activity that are believed to be maximally effective within each work setting and offer an enhanced contingency-based explanation of the association among work settings, KM initiatives, and performance. These ideas challenge the belief that KM activities always contribute to better performance and that the greater the investment in KM the better.
Did the Great Irish Famine Matter

This article tests the hypothesis that price shocks in international commodity markets would by themselves have led to a fall in agricultural labor demand in rural Ireland in the absence of the Famine. This hypothesis has been used by revisionist historians to argue that the Famine was not a structural break between two distinct eras in Irish economic history. In refuting the hypothesis, this article joins a more recent cliometric tradition that has sought to restore the Famine to its rightful place as a major watershed in nineteenth-century Ireland.