cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ASSOCIATION OF LACTOFERRIN WITH SPECIFIC GRANULES IN RABBIT HETEROPHIL LEUKOCYTES

Lactoferrin has been identified in rabbit heterophil leukocytes on the basis of its immunological reactivity, electrophoretic mobility, acid-resistant iron-binding properties, and spectral characteristics. Leukocyte lactoferrin was found to be exclusively localized in the specific (secondary) granules, which have been resolved from other subcellular components by zonal differential centrifugation and by isopycnic equilibration.
Evaluation of the effects of selective dorsal rhizotomy

Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is performed for relief of severe spasticity in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). The surgical procedure is designed to ablate a select portion of dorsal spinal root segments that are contributing to abnormal tone and interfering with appropriate function. The surgery is reported to reduce spasticity, improve independent mobility, facilitate activities of daily living, and reduce the risk of common complications of spasticity in CP. Optimistic, uncontrolled studies with largely subjective outcome measures were responsible for increased enthusiasm and expanded use of the procedure during the last decade. Evaluation of the functional benefits of the procedure using prospective, randomized, controlled trials has only recently been undertaken. Without a valid test for efficacy, the independent effect of SDR cannot be separated from the effects of other interventions, such as physical therapy, the considerable power of parental expectations, the increasing maturity in developing children with CP, and placebo effect. Scientific studies of the neurophysiologic and functional benefits of SDR are in progress at several centers at the present time and will likely yield valuable information about the efficacy of the procedure. MRDD Research Reviews 3:168-174, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
STUDIES ON UROBILIN PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY II. DERIVATION OF UROBILIN. RELATION OF THE BILE TO THE PRESENCE OF UROBILIN IN THE BODY.

Methods have been developed whereby animals can be totally, partially, and intermittently deprived of their bile, without infection of this secretion or of the duct system. In all the instances considered the bile remained sterile throughout the period of the experiment. With this aid we have studied urobilin physiology. We have been able to show that the normal presence of urobilin in the bile and feces of dogs depends on the passage of bile pigment to the intestine, either through the normal channels, or by abnormal ones, as when it is fed by mouth. Complete loss of the bile from the body resulted in the total disappearance of urobilin and urobilinogen from the bile, feces, and urine. Rarely very faint traces remained in the feces, the origin of which has been discussed. Partial loss of the bile resulted in a corresponding reduction in the urobilin of the dejecta. Feedings of sterile urobilin-free dog bile to intubated dogs losing all of their bile and having no urobilin in it, or in feces or urine, were followed by the appearance of the pigment in the hepatic bile secreted shortly thereafter. When the feedings were stopped the urobilin soon disappeared. Total obstruction of the bile flow caused disappearance of the urobilin of the bile and stool. Later as the animals became heavily jaundiced the pigment appeared again in very small quantity in the feces. Autopsy at this time showed that the intestinal mucosa was deeply tinted with bilirubin some of which undoubtedly had passed into the lumen of the bowel and had there been changed to urobilin. Employment of the "altercursive intubation," by which an intermittent diversion of the bile stream of animals from the intestine to a collecting apparatus could be effected, showed that while bile pigment still reached the intestine urobilin was present in the bile secreted by the liver but that almost at once after the bile had been diverted from the gut urobilin disappeared from it. In relation to this finding it was noticed that in animals from which merely a small fraction of the bile was collected, that from a single liver lobe, while the greater portion reached the intestine there was most urobilin in the bile at times when most bilirubin was entering the intestine.
Ion implantation effects in silicon carbide

Abstract Results from a program, which has existed for some years, on ion implantation effects in α and β silicon carbide will be summarized. Silicon carbide is easily amorphized by ion implantation at room temperature. Amorphization as determined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) occurs for damage energies of about 20 eV/atom, corresponding to 0.2 to 0.3 displacements per atom (dpa), at room temperature. Implantation at higher temperatures (≈ 500°C or above) does not produce an amorphous region for damage levels as high as 17 dpa. Recovery of damage at the subamorphous damage level is fairly complete by 1000°C. Epitaxial regrowth after amorphization occurs over a very narrow temperature range at ≈ 15000°C in an almost “explosive” fashion. Damage and amorphization are accompanied by swelling of up to 15%. The hardness and elastic modulus values of amorphous SiC are 40 and 70%, respectively, of the unimplanted single crystalline values, but before amorphization, the hardness first increases during the early damage phase and then decreases upon amorphization. The oxidation and chemical rates of the amorphous state are higher than for crystalline material. Amorphization kinetics, annealing kinetics and properly changes are broadly compatible with the idea of a critical accumulation model for amorphization.
Unexpected phenotype of mice lacking Shcbp1, a protein induced during T cell proliferation.

T cell development and activation are highly regulated processes, and their proper execution is important for a competent immune system. Shc SH2-domain binding protein-1 (Shcbp1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein that binds to the adaptor protein ShcA. Studies in Drosophila and in cell lines have strongly linked Shcbp1 to cell proliferation, embryonic development, growth factor signaling, and tumorigenesis. Here we show that Shcbp1 expression is strikingly upregulated during the β-selection checkpoint in thymocytes, and that its expression tightly correlates with proliferative stages of T cell development. To evaluate the role for Shcbp1 during thymic selection and T cell function in vivo, we generated mice with global and conditional deletion of Shcbp1. Surprisingly, the loss of Shcbp1 expression did not have an obvious effect during T cell development. However, in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which depends on CD4+ T cell function and mimics multiple features of the human disease multiple sclerosis, Shcbp1 deficient mice had reduced disease severity and improved survival, and this effect was T cell intrinsic. These data suggest that despite the striking upregulation of Shcbp1 during T cell proliferation, loss of Shcbp1 does not directly affect T cell development, but regulates CD4+ T cell effector function in vivo.
Characterization of a rat cDNA clone encoding calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I☆

Two cDNA clones encoding calcium/calmodulin-dependent (CaM) protein kinase I were isolated. In contrast to the previously reported CaM kinase I cDNA, which encodes a protein with a mass of 37 kDa, the clones identified in this study encode a protein (10-1/CaM kinase I) with a predicted mass of 42 kDa; the size of 10-1/CaM kinase I was verified by hybrid-selected translation.
Environment and Evolution of a Cold-Frontal Mesoscale Convective System

Data obtained from the June 26-27, 1985 period of the Kansas-Oklahoma PRE-STORM field phase are employed to describe the evolution of a mesoscale convective system (MCS) responsible for a heavy rainfall event over a large portion of Oklahoma and Kansas. In the case examined, the eastward advancement of deep convection was aided by the formation of a series of nearly parallel rainbands before the main precipitation area. These rainbands, which developed in a field of boundary layer cloud streets, without the assistance of gust-front convergence, redefined the leading edge of the MCS and became the locus of the most intense convection in the precipitation system.
Severe tricuspid valve regurgitation: a case for laminar flow.

f s o A67-YEAR-OLD WOMAN presented with progressive dyspnea limiting her ability to perform daily activities. er past medical history was significant for hyperlipidemia and ashimoto thyroiditis. Upon further workup, a transthoracic chocardiogram (TTE) was performed, which revealed severe itral regurgitation (MR) with mild tricuspid regurgitation TR). Subsequently, she was scheduled for mitral valve repair. After an uneventful induction of anesthesia, an intraoperative ransesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) was performed using a atrix array transducer and images acquired on an IE33 ultraound system (Philips Healthcare, Andover, MA). The examiation showed biatrial enlargement and prolapse of both the mitral nd tricuspid valves. The tricuspid annulus in diastole measured 4 m in the midesophageal 4-chamber view. The diagnosis of severe R and mild TR was confirmed. The surgeon proceeded as lanned with a mitral valve repair via a minimally invasive ort-access approach. After cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), the TEE showed a atisfactory mitral repair. However, there was hemodynamic vidence of TR with right ventricular dysfunction and an unerfilled left ventricle. The central venous pressure was eleated; there were large “v” waves on the pressure waveform. lthough the echocardiographic examination clearly showed R, there was no clearly defined turbulent jet, and, therefore, he TR could not be quantified simply using the vena contracta, he proximal isovelocity surface area, or the jet area. The systolic flow across the tricuspid valve was laminar (Fig ) and had a low peak velocity of 0.9 m/s. Both hepatic venous
Reproducibility and validity of A-mode ultrasound for body composition measurement and classification in overweight and obese men and women.

Identifying portable methods to measure body composition may be more advantageous than using body mass index (BMI) to categorize associated health consequences. Purpose: To compare the validity and reliability of a portable A-mode ultrasound (US) to a criterion three compartment model (3C) for the measurement of body composition. Methods: Forty-seven overweight and obese subjects participated in this study. Body composition was measured once via air displacement plethysmography for body density (Bd) and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy for total body water (TBW) for the 3C calculations. Ultrasound measurements (BodyMetrix, Intelametrix) were made using an A mode, 2.5- MHz transmitter. All measurements were made on the right side of the body at 7 skinfold sites. The US software calculated percent body fat (%BF), fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) from the 7-site Jackson and Pollock equation. Results: %BF and FM, respectively, measured by the US (29.1±6.5%; 27.4±8.1 kg) was significantly lower compared to the 3C model (33.7±7.6%; 31.8±9.8 kg; p 4%BF error). While the US was not valid in this population, it was reliable producing results with minimal error, suggesting this technique may be effective for tracking changes in a weight loss or clinical setting.
Coupling of plasma modes in a Si accumulation layer

We perform a realistic calculation of the plasma-mode spectrum for a Si(100) accumulation layer as a function of electron density, ${n}_{s}$, and [100] stress, P. For this system, the strong coupling of the intrasubband- and first-intersubband plasma modes is revealed through an avoided crossing of the mode dispersions. We provide a more fundamental illustration of this phenomenon by calculating, as well, the reflectivity spectra, and we show that a strong exchange of oscillator strengths between the two modes occurs. We obtain very good quantitative agreement with the experimental results of Oelting, Heitmann, and Kotthaus [Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1846 (1986)].
Decreased de novo DNA-Thymine Synthesis and Increased Thymidine-3H Incorporation into DNA by Human Bone Marrow Cultured with Aminopterin.

SummaryWhen incubated with normal human bone marrow cells in the presence of 624 L-serine-3-14C and thymidine-3H, aminopterin decreases de novo synthesis of DNA-thymine-14C to 16%, while incorporation of thymidine-3H into DNA is increased to 140% of control values. These results are interpreted as evidence for increased utilization of preformed thymidine in DNA synthesis in the presence of aminopterin. The possible mechanisms for this increased incorporation of preformed thymidine into DNA in the presence of aminopterin are discussed.
Expansion of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a harmonic potential

We analyze the three-dimensional dynamic expansion of a weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate in a harmonic trap when the spring constants of the confining potential are instantaneously reduced. Our results are compared with experimental observation from a condensate of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms.
Filtering a statistically exactly solvable test model for turbulent tracers from partial observations

A statistically exactly solvable model for passive tracers is introduced as a test model for the authors' Nonlinear Extended Kalman Filter (NEKF) as well as other filtering algorithms. The model involves a Gaussian velocity field and a passive tracer governed by the advection-diffusion equation with an imposed mean gradient. The model has direct relevance to engineering problems such as the spread of pollutants in the air or contaminants in the water as well as climate change problems concerning the transport of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide with strongly intermittent probability distributions consistent with the actual observations of the atmosphere. One of the attractive properties of the model is the existence of the exact statistical solution. In particular, this unique feature of the model provides an opportunity to design and test fast and efficient algorithms for real-time data assimilation based on rigorous mathematical theory for a turbulence model problem with many active spatiotemporal scales. Here, we extensively study the performance of the NEKF which uses the exact first and second order nonlinear statistics without any approximations due to linearization. The role of partial and sparse observations, the frequency of observations and the observation noise strength in recovering the true signal, its spectrum, and fat tail probability distribution are the central issues discussed here. The results of our study provide useful guidelines for filtering realistic turbulent systems with passive tracers through partial observations.
The antisocial character.

In the early 1950s, I interviewed a 20-year-old man on the prison ward at Bellevue Psychiatric Hospital who had planned, conspired, and helped commit a double murder with ruthless disregard for the consequences of his actionsJ In a very businesslike way he had persuaded a companion, a schizophrenic who was an only son of two physicians, to poison them by having them both drink champagne, which the instigator had filled with arsenic, on the parents' wedding anniversary night at a "celebration" by this foursome. The police listed their deaths as a double suicide for more than a year. Meanwhile, a life insurance policy of $150,000 was shared by the two youths. The reason for their eventual arrest was my patient's need to impress his girlfriend by constantly boasting of his role in killing his friend's parents; she eventually informed the police about the crime. As a result, both young men were placed on the prison ward for examination and observation. The couple's son was diagnosed as a schizophrenic and my patient as a "psychopathic personality." During my psychiatric interviews with him, he neither showed consciously remorse, guilt, shame, nor anxiety, nor did he admit feeling any of these emotions. He admitted readily to his part in the murder, which he said was, to him, an experience similar to Oscar Wilde's "In Search of a New Experience." He did not have any remorse about his actions, except for the regret he felt about being apprehended and imprisoned. He admitted seeing nothing wrong with murder, stealing, or any other immoral or amoral actions, provided he or anyone else could "get away with it." He showed no psychotic illness or symptoms. I demonstrated that his unconscious, idealized image of perfectionistic behavior, with its unrelenting "shoulds" of absolute moralistic standards and unconscious guilt and anxiety, was so burdensome to him that he felt that the only way to relieve himself of this powerful pressure was to externalize his problems and overthrow in one fell swoop all of these social pressures, by
THE IMPACT OF TARGETED SHARE REPURCHASES ON THE WEALTH OF NON-PARTICIPATING SHAREHOLDERS

This paper examines empirically whether management is acting in the best interests of non-participating shareholders when it engages in a targeted share repurchase. Over the full purchase-to-repurchase period, non-participating shareholders earn significantly positive abnormal returns, providing additional evidence that shareholders benefit from the initial investment that leads to the share repurchase. On the repurchase date, however, shareholders experience a significant decrease in their wealth position that cannot be attributed solely to a wealth transfer from the non-participating to the participating shareholders. Consequently, one cannot generalize about management's intentions for a targeted share repurchase.
FORESTS AND OTHER FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH STREAMFLOWS IN EAST TEXAS

Effects of proportion of watersheds in forest and watershed physiographic factors on mean annual streamflow (1965-76), median flow, and 12 flood flow characteristics were regionally analyzed for 19 unregulated streams in East Texas. Annual streamflow increased with decreasing proportion of forest area. Differences in annual streamflow between full forest cover and bare watersheds could be as much as 200 mm. Other things being equal, the minimum watershed area required to generate 0.142 cm (5 cfs), a criterion used by the U.S. Corps of Engineering in regulating dredge and fill activity for water pollution abatement in East Texas streams, is 70 km2 (27 mi2). Of the 31 physio-climatic parameters analyzed, watershed area, percent forest area, shape index, spring precipitation, and annual temperature were the most significant in affecting streamflow characteristics in East Texas. Using 2-3 of these five variables, all of the 14 streamflow characteristics can be estimated with accuracy ranging from acceptable to excellent levels.
Do intelligent configuration search techniques outperform random search for large molecules

We compare three global configuration search methods on a scalable model problem to measure relative performance over a range of molecule sizes. Our model problem is a 2-D polymer composed of atoms connected by rigid rods in which all pairs of atoms interact via Lennard-Jones potentials. The global minimum energy can be calculated analytically. The search methods are all hybrids combining a global sampling algorithm with a local refinement technique. The sampling methods are simulated annealing (SA), genetic algorithms (GA), and random search. Each of these uses a conjugate gradient (CG) routine to perform the local refinement
Multiple achromatic extraction system

Abstract A magnetic system named MAXIM is presented which allows extraction of several secondary high-energy charged particle beams from a production target at small or zero angles to the primary beam without restricting angular acceptance and without rigidly coupling particle momenta of the secondary beams. MAXIM consists of a pair of concentric annular bending magnets of opposite polarity and zero net flux, centered on the production target.
Peripheral axon caliber and conduction velocity are decreased after burn injury in mice

Peripheral neuropathies are reported to arise as a result of the systemic inflammatory response produced by a full-thickness cutaneous burn injury. This study was designed to characterize the magnitude and time course of functional and morphological changes in peripheral axons that arise after a full-thickness dermal burn injury in an animal model. A 20% body surface area (20% BSA) full-thickness dermal burn was applied to the back of C57BL6 female mice. Longitudinal H- and M-wave recordings were used to determine the conduction velocities (CV) of large myelinated motor and sensory axons in the tibial nerve of sham control and burn-injured mice. Motor CVs were significantly reduced from 6 h to 28 days after the burn, and sensory CVs were significantly reduced from 7 to 14 days after the burn. Morphological evaluation also showed that the mean caliber of large axons in tibial nerves and L5 ventral and dorsal roots in burned mice was significantly decreased. The results demonstrate that both functional and morphological deficits may be produced in peripheral nerve axons at sites well removed from a full-thickness dermal burn injury. The neural deficits may contribute to changes in neuromuscular transmission and the development of limb and respiratory muscle weakness that also accompany burn injury.
Amplified coherent emission from electron beams prebunched in a masked chicane

Abstract We present a new FEL approach based on amplified coherent emission from electron beams that are prebunched in a masked chicane or a circular buncher. In this approach, a series of wires in the middle of the buncher modulates the transverse density of a chirped electron bunch. At the end of the chicane, the compressed beam exhibits longitudinal density modulations at the optical wavelength. The bunched beam is then injected into a short wiggler with period ∼2γ2 times the beam modulation wavelength. Due to the prebunched nature of the beam, the emitted undulator radiation will grow exponentially from coherent spontaneous emission. Because the coherent emission is orders of magnitude larger than spontaneous emission, prebunching the beam effectively reduces the number of gain lengths needed to reach saturation. This technique thus reduces the required undulator length.
Synovial sarcoma: an analysis of its response to radiation.

A case of synovial sarcoma with multiple metastatic lesions is presented. Histopathological analysis of the primary and metastatic lesions showed an evolution toward a spindle cell sarcoma. The exquisite tenderness and size of the metastatic masses responded slowly to relatively intense doses of radiations.
White Lupins and Triticale as Feedstuffs in Diets for Turkeys

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the feeding value of white lupins (Lupinus albus) and triticale for Nicholas Large White turkeys using a corn-soybean meal type diet as a control. Diets were formulated to have equal amounts of specified nutrients per unit of metabolizable energy. Growth of male turkeys 0 to 3 weeks of age was similar to the control group when 15% white lupins were included in the diet. When white lupins were included at 30, 45, or 60% of the diet, growth was significantly depressed to 94, 89, or 85% of control, respectively. When triticale replaced corn there was a 6% increase in growth, which was nearly significant. Growth of female turkeys 8 to 12 weeks of age fed diets where white lupins supplied 20% of supplemental (soybean) protein was similar to turkeys fed control diets. When white lupins provided 30, 40, or 100% of supplemental protein, gains were 94, 95, or 85% of control, respectively (significant depressions). True metabolizable energy values for white lupins and triticale were 2641 and 3306 kcal/kg, respectively. Amino acid profiles for white lupins and triticale are given.
The Interdisciplinary Research Team.

The task-oriented interacting group known as the interdisciplinary research team is discussed within the theoretical framework of the primary-group Isecondary-group continuum. Primary-group pattern...
Visualization of construction graphics in outdoor augmented reality

This paper describes research that investigates the application of augmented reality (AR) in 3D animation of simulated construction operations. The objective is an AR-based platform that can be used together with corresponding equipment (HMD, GPS receiver, and a portable computer) to generate a mixed view of the real world and superimposed virtual simulation objects in an outdoor environment. The characteristic that distinguishes the presented work from indoor AR applications is the capability to produce real time updated output as the user moves around while applying minimum constraints over the user's position and orientation. The ability to operate independently of environmental factors (e.g. lighting conditions and terrain variations) makes the described framework a powerful tool for outdoor AR applications. This paper presents initial results and an AR platform prototype (UM-AR-GPS-ROVER) that is able to place 3D graphical objects at any desired location in outdoor augmented space.
Los estilos cerámicos de la región cultural de Gran Coclé, Panamá

Gran Cocle describes a region whose chronological and geographical limits are defined by a series of specific technological and stylistic characteristics associated with its ceramic tradition. Since the first appearance of pottery on the Isthmus of Panama, around 2500 B.C., to the arrival of Spanish Conquistadors in the middle of the 16th century, pottery in this cultural area has evolved in its manufacturing techniques, surface treatment, and decoration. In an effort to strengthen the notion that the Gran Cocle represents a culturally independent region, we have traced the evolution of geometric designs, zoomorphological, and anthropomorphological representations of their pottery tradition.
UNIQUE ROLE OF THE COMPLEMENT RECEPTOR CR1 IN THE DEGRADATION OF C3b ASSOCIATED WITH IMMUNE COMPLEXES

The main finding of this paper is that CR1, the membrane receptor for C3b and C4b, together with C3b/C4b-inactivator (I), degrades C3b bound to immune complexes (C3b*). Two fragments are generated: C3c, which is released from the immune complexes, and C3d*. The C3c fragment released from the cell intermediate EAC1423b prepared with 125I-C3 was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and radioautography. It has a 135,000 mol wt and contains disulfide bonded labeled polypeptide chains of 75,000 and 31,000 mol wt, which presumably represent the beta and a fragment of the alpha-chain of C3b*. Silver staining of the SDS-PAGE gels revealed other C3-derived bands with 39-42,000 mol wt. Human erythrocytes + I also cleave C3b* into C3c and C3d*. The activity of the erythrocytes is CR1 mediated because it can be totally inhibited by monoclonal antibodies to CR1. In contrast with these results, I together with the serum protein beta 1H (H) transform EAC1423b into hemolytically inactive EAC1423bi and cleave the alpha' chain of C3b* into fragments of 70,000 and 40,000 mol wt. Small amounts of C3c are also released at relatively high concentrations of H. On a molar basis, the efficiency of CR1 in the generation of C3c and C3d is 10(4)-10(5) greater than H. An additional observation was that C3c could be released by treating EAC1423bi with CR1 + I and that this reaction was also inhibited by monoclonal antibodies to CR1. Therefore, it is likely that CR1 has binding affinity for iC3b and that the degradation of C3b* proceeds as follows: C3b (formula, see text) C3c + C3d*. Taken together, our findings argue that the processing of C3b* in vivo occurs in solid phase, that is, on the surface of cells bearing CR1.
Literature and Resistance in Guatemala: Textual Modes and Cultural Politics from El Señor Presidente to Rigoberta Menchú

Literature and Resistance in Guatemala: Textual Modes and Cultural Politics from El Senor Presidents to Rigoberta Menchu. vols. Marc Zimmerman. Athens: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1995. 425+ 371 pp.
Microdose analysis of ion strikes on SRAM cells

A method of measuring the effect from exposure to highly localized ionizing radiation on microstructures is described. The voltage at which a commercial SRAM cell cannot hold a programmed state changes with microdose. The microdose distribution across the array, in addition to the analysis of the occurrence of anomalous shifts in operating bias due to rare, large energy-deposition events is studied. The effect of multiple hits on a SRAM cell is presented. A general theory on multiple hits from which basic device parameters can be extracted is presented. SPICE, as well as analysis of basic device physics, is used to analyze the damage to individual transistors and the response of a SRAM cell.
Tunable, light-assisted co-generation of CO and H2 from CO2 and H2O by Re(bipy-tbu)(CO)3Cl and p-Si in non-aqueous medium

The light-assisted co-generation of carbon monoxide and hydrogen from carbon dioxide and water is reported. The combination of a homogeneous CO-evolving electrocatalyst and a heterogeneous H2-evolving photoelectrode surface provides for tunability of the H2/CO ratio. A total Faradaic efficiency of 102 ± 5% and a H2/CO ratio of 2 : 1 were achieved at a low homogeneous catalyst concentration (0.5 mM) in acetonitrile/water mixtures.
The Impact of Automatic Crash Reports on Bug Triaging and Development in Mozilla

Free/Open Source Software projects often rely on users submitting bug reports. However, reports submitted by novice users may lack information critical to developers, and the process may be intimidating and difficult. To gather more and better data, projects deploy automatic crash reporting tools, which capture stack traces and memory dumps when a crash occurs. These systems potentially generate large volumes of data, which may overwhelm developers, and their presence may discourage users from submitting traditional bug reports. In this paper, we examine Mozilla's automatic crash reporting system and how it affects their bug triaging process. We find that fewer than 0.00009% of crash reports end up in a bug report, but as many as 2.33% of bug reports have data from crash reports added. Feedback from developers shows that despite some problems, these systems are valuable. We conclude with a discussion of the pros and cons of automatic crash reporting systems.
Altered reactivity of coronary arteries located distal to a chronic coronary occlusion

The coronary vasculature located distal to a chronic occlusion (collateral-dependent) has been shown to exhibit altered reactivity to vasoactive agonists. Thus we evaluated effects of chronic coron...
MOVEMENT ECOLOGY: SIZE-SPECIFIC BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE OF AN INVASIVE SNAIL TO FOOD AVAILABILITY

Immigration, emigration, migration, and redistribution describe processes that involve movement of individuals. These movements are an essential part of contemporary ecological models, and understanding how movement is affected by biotic and abiotic factors is important for effectively modeling ecological processes that depend on movement. We asked how phenotypic heterogeneity (body size) and environmental heterogeneity (food resource level) affect the movement behavior of an aquatic snail (Tarebia granifera), and whether including these phenotypic and environmental effects improves advection–diffusion models of movement. We postulated various elaborations of the basic advection–diffusion model as a priori working hypotheses. To test our hypotheses we measured individual snail movements in experimental streams at high- and low-food resource treatments. Using these experimental movement data, we examined the dependency of model selection on resource level and body size using Akaike's Information Criterion ...
Software development and real-time target systems on a common backplane

The authors discuss the advantages of a backplane connected system including host or remote (via network or telephone) access and monitoring for development, testing, and debugging of real-time applications. The emphasis is on the host/target system architecture and real-time memory management. To provide a fast data path between the real-time target system and the host development system, both can reside on the same VME bus backplane. Host and target systems on the same backplane, however, created new problems. Trying to reset the target processors also resulted in resetting of the host system. Additionally, interrupts meant for real time processors interrupt the host system, and target processors modify the memory. These problems can be alleviated by connecting host and target system backplanes via a VMEbus-to-VMEbus adapter, which links together the address, data, and control lines of both systems. >
Bandwidth-aware video encoding with adaptive image scaling

We proposed an adaptive MPEG-2/4 video encoding scheme suited for a dynamic networking environment. Conventional approaches use large quantization scales to reduce the transmission bit rate in low bandwidth situations. However, the larger quantization scale degrades the image quality severely. We believe not only that adaptive quantization should be used for bit allocation, but also that the image resolution should be jointly adjustable. Our goal is thus to investigate how image subsampling should be used in bandwidth fluctuations (e.g., 3/4G wireless networks). For this purpose, a rate-distortion model considering image subsampling is studied and implemented in the proposed encoder. Experiments show that, by choosing the right subsampling factor, a better image quality with considerably lower transmission bit rate can be obtained. A maximum gain in PSNR of 2 dB is observed with more than 50% reduction in quantization size.
A buyer–seller game model for selection and negotiation of purchasing bids: Extensions and new models

Abstract A number of efficiency-based vendor selection and negotiation models have been developed to deal with multiple attributes including price, quality and delivery performance. The efficiency is defined as the ratio of weighted outputs to weighted inputs. By minimizing the efficiency, Talluri [Eur. J. Operat. Res. 143(1) (2002) 171] proposes a buyer–seller game model that evaluates the efficiency of alternative bids with respect to the ideal target set by the buyer. The current paper shows that this buyer–seller game model is closely related to data envelopment analysis (DEA) and can be simplified. The current paper also shows that setting the (ideal) target actually incorporates implicit tradeoff information on the multiple attributes into efficiency evaluation. We develop a new buyer–seller game model where the efficiency is maximized with respect to multiple targets set by the buyer. The new model allows the buyer to evaluate and select the vendors in the context of best-practice. By both minimizing and maximizing efficiency, the buyer can obtain an efficiency range within which the true efficiency lies given the implicit tradeoff information characterized by the targets. The current study establishes the linkage between buyer–seller game models and DEA. Such a linkage can provide the buyer with correct evaluation methods based upon existing DEA models regarding the nature of bidding.
To retire or not to retire: That is not the question

Summary Retirement decisions are multiple choice, not true–false, because retirement takes many forms. Multiple theories have been used to predict retirement and to do research on it, but rational-economic decision-making theories, often assuming intentional behavior, dominate the retirement research domain. Although employment serves both manifest (economic) and latent (psychological) functions, research on the decision to move from employment to retirement has focused on the manifest function. Economics tend to play a strong role in employees' retirement decisions, with health probably a close second predictor. Three phases of retirement decision-making are evident: (i) imagining the possibility of one's future life during retirement; (ii) assessing the past to help decide when to retire; and (iii) the transition to retirement. Both predictors and consequences of retirement are reviewed, with special attention given to bridge employment, the phenomenon of retirees working for pay. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase Relationships in Positive Electrodes of High Temperature Li ‐ Al / LiCl ‐ KCl / FeS2 Cells

The phases present in FeS/sub 2/ electrodes operated in LiCl-KCl eutectic electrolyte were determined by x-ray diffraction and by metallographic examination. The phases were FeS/sub 2/, KFeS/sub 2/, Li/sub 3/Fe/sub 2/S/sub 4/, Li/sub 2.33/Fe/sub 0.67/S/sub 2/, Fe/sub 1-x/S, Li/sub 2/FeS/sub 2/, LiK/sub 6/Fe/sub 24/S/sub 26/Cl, Li/sub 2/S, and Fe. The metallographic and crystallographic characteristics of these phases are presented. The sequence of Li-Fe-S phases in the FeS/sub 2/ electrode was in accord with the sequence predicted from the equilibrium Li-Fe-S phase diagram. Two of the Li-Fe-S phases found at room temperature (Li/sub 2.33/Fe/sub 0.67/S/sub 2/ and Li/sub 2/FeS/sub 2/) result from decomposition on cooling of a solid solution phase: Li/sub 2+x/Fe/sub 1-x/S/sub 2/ (O/less than equivalent to/x/less than equivalent to/0.33). This work is pertinent to vehicle propulsion and off-peak energy storage. 18 refs.
Assessing Health Care Report Cards

Report cards have become a prominent feature of the health policy landscape (F. Thompson 1994; Epstein 1995; Corrigan and Rogers 1995; Brennan and Berwick 1996). Although the federal government no longer distributes annual hospital report cards, many state governments do. Some state governments also have begun to distribute report cards on health maintenance organizations (HMOs). In addition, one state government releases periodic reports on nursing homes, based on state inspections.
Accurate characterization of the tyrosine hydroxylase forensic allele 9.3 through development of electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

Accurate and precise determination of the number of repeats from a short tandem repeat (STR) sequence for a human gene locus is demonstrated for the first time by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR-MS). Specifically, the polymorphic human tyrosine hydroxylase (HUMTHO1) gene, a tetranucleotide STR forensic allele, was chosen as a model system to evaluate our approach for future characterization of both STRs and variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) by development of an ESI-FTICR-MS approach. The coding and noncoding strands from the HUMTHO1 9.3 allele are simultaneously resolved obtaining accurate (better than 70 ppm) average mass measurements of 25,783.23 and 24,754.55 Da for the coding and noncoding strands, respectively. The mass measurements are used to calculate the number of repeats for each strand, ‘n’, of 9.75169 and 9.75001 for the coding and noncoding strands, respectively. It will be shown how the value of ‘n’ can be used to directly determine the number of pure repeats and accurately determine the exact nature of the polymorphism within the repeat (if any). The single nucleotide deletion in the coding strand (adenine) and noncoding strand (thymine) were accurately identified using this approach. Interestingly, we observed the conversion of single-stranded to double-stranded DNA while the PCR product in the ESI buffer was being infused; the issues related to this observation will be presented. Previous results by other researchers investigating the HUMTHO1 9.3 allele using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) are directly compared with our results. Our results indicate that ESI-FTICR-MS is a powerful approach to rapidly and accurately characterize tandem repeating sequences which will ultimately lead towards the understanding of a complex class of diseases and in human identity determination. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Positive Emotions Trigger Upward Spirals Toward Emotional Well-Being

The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions pre- dicts that positive emotions broaden the scopes of attention and cogni- tion, and, by consequence, initiate upward spirals toward increasing emotional well-being. The present study assessed this prediction by testing whether positive affect and broad-minded coping reciprocally and prospectively predict one another. One hundred thirty-eight col- lege students completed self-report measures of affect and coping at two assessment periods 5 weeks apart. As hypothesized, regression analyses showed that initial positive affect, but not negative affect, predicted improved broad-minded coping, and initial broad-minded coping predicted increased positive affect, but not reductions in nega- tive affect. Further mediational analyses showed that positive affect and broad-minded coping serially enhanced one another. These find- ings provide prospective evidence to support the prediction that posi- tive emotions initiate upward spirals toward enhanced emotional well- being. Implications for clinical practice and health promotion are dis- cussed. Positive emotions feel good. Plus, the balance of people's positive and negative emotions contributes to judgments of life satisfaction (Diener & Larsen, 1993). Are these the only reasons people should care about positive emotions? We think not. We propose that positive emotions not only feel good in the present, but also increase the likeli- hood that one will feel good in the future. That is, we suggest that pos- itive emotions trigger upward spirals toward enhanced emotional well- being. This prediction stems from a new perspective on positive emotions offered within Fredrickson's (1998, 2001) broaden-and-build theory . This model posits that, unlike negative emotions, which narrow people's thought-action repertoires (e.g., fight or flight), positive emo- tions broaden people's thought-action repertoires, encouraging them to discover novel lines of thought or action. Joy, for instance, creates the urge to play, interest creates the urge to explore, and so on. A key, incidental outcome of these broadened mind-sets is an increase in personal resources: As individuals discover new ideas and actions, they build their physical, intellectual, social, and psychological re- sources. Play, for instance, builds physical, socioemotional, and in- tellectual skills, and fuels brain development. Similarly, exploration increases knowledge and psychological complexity (Fredrickson, 1998, 2000).
Superquadric Glyphs for Symmetric Second-Order Tensors

Symmetric second-order tensor fields play a central role in scientific and biomedical studies as well as in image analysis and feature-extraction methods. The utility of displaying tensor field samples has driven the development of visualization techniques that encode the tensor shape and orientation into the geometry of a tensor glyph. With some exceptions, these methods work only for positive-definite tensors (i.e. having positive eigenvalues, such as diffusion tensors). We expand the scope of tensor glyphs to all symmetric second-order tensors in two and three dimensions, gracefully and unambiguously depicting any combination of positive and negative eigenvalues. We generalize a previous method of superquadric glyphs for positive-definite tensors by drawing upon a larger portion of the superquadric shape space, supplemented with a coloring that indicates the tensor's quadratic form. We show that encoding arbitrary eigenvalue sign combinations requires design choices that differ fundamentally from those in previous work on traceless tensors (arising in the study of liquid crystals). Our method starts with a design of 2-D tensor glyphs guided by principles of symmetry and continuity, and creates 3-D glyphs that include the 2-D glyphs in their axis-aligned cross-sections. A key ingredient of our method is a novel way of mapping from the shape space of three-dimensional symmetric second-order tensors to the unit square. We apply our new glyphs to stress tensors from mechanics, geometry tensors and Hessians from image analysis, and rate-of-deformation tensors in computational fluid dynamics.
The impact of naltrexone and morphine tolerance on mild shock-induced hypoalgesia

We have previously shown that exposure to mild shock elicits a strong hypoalgesia on the tailflick test in rats. The present studies explored the role of endogenous opioids in producing this hypoalgesia. Experiment 1 evaluated the impact offive doses ofnaltrexone (0,0.44,1.75,7, and 28 mg/kg); Experiment 2100ked at the impact ofmorphine tolerance. Both a low dose ofnaltrexone (1.75 mg/kg) and morphine tolerance attenuated the hypoalgesia observed 6–10 min after mild shock. By contrast, neither morphine tolerance nor a high dose of naltrexone (28 mg/kg) had a significant impact on the hypoalgesia observed 2 min after shock. These findings suggest that mild shock elicits both a transient nonopioid and a long-Iasting opioid hypoalgesia.
Architecture-centric programming for adaptive systems

Ubiquitous computing services are a fast-growing and challenging class of self-healing systems that must adapt to constant failures and environmental changes. Writing robust ubiquitous computing code is difficult in current programming systems. The architecture, interfaces, and logic of the program are often obscured by infrastructure details, making the development and evolution of these systems difficult and error-prone.We are exploring whether implementation language support for software architecture can aid in the development and evolution of ubiquitous computing systems. One such approach, embodied in the ArchJava language, allows programmers to express the software architecture of an application within Java source code. In this paper, we propose an extension to ArchJava allowing programmers to define custom connectors. Custom connectors are useful in many different contexts; we show how they can be used to implement part of the PlantCare ubiquitous computing application in ArchJava.
Comparison of aeration and spinosad for suppressing insects in stored wheat.

Abstract Field studies were conducted from July 2002 to January 2003 for evaluating the effects of controlled aeration and a commercial biological insecticide, spinosad, in suppressing insect populations in stored wheat. Six cylindrical steel bins were filled with newly harvested (2002 crop year) hard red winter wheat on 9 and 10 July 2002. Each bin contained 30.7 metric tons (1,100 bu) of wheat. Wheat in two bins was left untreated (control), whereas wheat in two bins was treated with spinosad, and in another two bins was subjected to aeration by using aeration controllers. Spinosad was applied to wheat at the time of bin filling to obtain a rate of 1 mg ([AI])/kg. Aeration controllers were set to run the fans when ambient air temperature fell below 23.9, 18.3, and 7.2°C for the first, second, and third cooling cycles, respectively. We added 400 adults each of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens); lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.); and red flour beetle, Tribolium castan...