cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Newborn Rash: A Diagnostic Dilemma.

A male newborn presents with scattered irregularly shaped eroded skin lesions with an erythematous base distributed over the chest, thigh, face, and hands. ### Prenatal and Birth History ### Presentation The male infant was admitted to the NICU with ongoing mild respiratory distress and placed on nasal continuous positive airway pressure. On routine physical examination, he was noted to have 8 to 10 scattered, irregularly shaped denuded skin lesions with an erythematous base distributed over the chest, thigh, face, and hands (Fig 1) (Fig 2) (Fig 3). Figure 1. Denuded skin lesion in the thigh. Figure 2. Maculopapular lesion on the left forearm. Figure 3. Lesions on the neck/chest area. ### Progression ### Vital Signs ### Physical Examination (Day 1) Because …
In search of local singularities in ideal potential flows with free surface

For ideal fluid flow with zero surface tension and gravity, it remains unknown whether local singularities on the free surface can develop in well-posed initial value problems with smooth initial data. This is so despite great advances over the last 25 years in the mathematical analysis of the Euler equations for water waves. Here we expand our earlier work (Chin. Ann. Math. Ser. B 40 (2019) 925) and review the mathematical literature and some of the history concerning Dirichlet's ellipsoids and related hyperboloids associated with jet formation and "flip-through," "splash singularities," and recent constructions of singular free surfaces that however violate the Taylor sign condition for linear well-posedness. We illustrate some of these phenomena with numerical computations of 2D flow based upon a conformal mapping formulation (whose derivation is detailed and discussed in an appendix). Additional numerical evidence strongly suggests that corner singularities may form in an unstable self-similar way from specially prepared initial data.
Interrelation between Encapsulant Browning and Metallization Degradation: Experiments and Simulation

Solar cell simulation has increasingly been used to investigate the field degradation mechanisms of photovoltaic modules. In this study, we investigate the interrelation between encapsulant browning and metallization degradation using various experimental data and solar cell simulation tools. This investigation is based on a bare cell extracted from a field-aged commercial module having encapsulant browning. The experimental data include dark I-V, light I-V, TLM and PL, EL and EDS images. Griddler was used as the primary simulation tool. This work demonstrates that a strong match (within 2.25% deviation) can be established between the simulated data by accounting for spatially resolved resistance parameters (contact resistance and grid line resistance) of metallization and the experimental data obtained in the browned encapsulant region of the solar cell.
Cyclic AMP induces changes in distribution and transport of organelles within growth cones of Aplysia bag cell neurons

This report examines cAMP-induced regulation of directed organelle transport in bag cell neuron growth cones using video-enhanced differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy (Allen et al., 1981; Inoue, 1981) and digital image analysis techniques. Under control conditions, organelle transport is evident in the central cytoplasmic regions of bag cell neuron growth cones, but not in lamellae. Motility of lamellae takes the form of slow (less than 0.01 micron/sec) extension of margins and ruffling motions that propagate as waves (velocity, approximately 0.07 micron/sec) in a retrograde direction. Application of forskolin and a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor at concentrations known to induce changes in bag cell protein phosphorylation resulted in (1) rapid extension of directed organelle transport into lamellae, and (2) inhibition of the retrograde ruffling waves. These changes effected transformation of lamellae into neurite endings packed with microtubules and organelles, a large proportion of which appeared to be neurosecretory granules. The effects were reversible, dose-dependent, potentiated by a variety of PDE inhibitors, and mimicked by 6-N-butyl-8-benzyl-thio-cAMP (BT-cAMP). Though forskolin may normally promote depolarization and Ca entry, these changes in growth cone structure are not secondary to influx of external Ca, as they persist in Ca-free/EGTA solutions; furthermore, they do not resemble the effects of depolarization induced by perfusion with elevated K solutions. The cAMP-induced changes in growth cone morphology that we report here suggest a possible role for protein phosphorylation in promoting growth cone differentiation and structural changes accompanying secretion.
Studies on the Respiratory Chain-linked Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Dehydrogenase: XII. INTERRELATIONS OF REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE-CYTOCHROME c REDUCTASE AND REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE-COENZYME Q REDUCTASE

Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-cytochrome c reductase was isolated by the original procedure of Mahler et al. (J. Biol. Chem., 199, 585 (1952)) except for the omission of lyophilization of the initial extract (which destroys coenzyme Q reductase activity) and was found to reduce long chain coenzyme Q homologues quite rapidly. Cytochrome c and coenzyme Q reductase activities were not separable during the isolation procedure or on subsequent chromatography on hydroxylapatite and were properties of a single ultracentrifugal component. Coenzyme Q reductase activity is more labile than cytochrome c reductase activity during purification of the soluble enzyme or storage of the parent particles. Hence, when the enzyme is extracted from stored particles or is lyophilized overnight after extraction, a flavoprotein with low or no coenzyme Q reductase activity may be obtained. NADH-coenzyme Q reductase was extracted from phosphorylating particles and purified by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation and chromatography on hydroxylapatite. The two preparations sedimented with the same velocity in the double sector cell of the analytical ultracentrifuge and thus their molecular weights appear to be the same. These data and previous work showing the close similarity of NADH-cytochrome c and NADH-coenzyme Q reductases in various catalytic assays, composition, absorption spectrum, substrate specificity, and sensitivity to rotenone and amytal in coenzyme Q6 and Q10 reductase assays, suggest that they are closely related fragments of the NADH dehydrogenase molecule. A disparity between the two flavoproteins has been observed in electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel and chromatography on hydroxylapatite, but these divergences may be only expressions of relatively minor differences in conformation.
Detection of gaps in the spatial coverage of coral reef monitoring projects in the US Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico.

As part of the US Coral Reef Task Force's National Program to Map, Assess, Inventory, and Monitor US Coral Reef Ecosystems, a comprehensive survey of projects/programs monitoring coral reef ecosystems and related habitats (i.e., seagrass beds and mangroves) in the US Caribbean and Pacific was undertaken. Information was gath- ered on a total of 296 monitoring and assessment projects conducted since 1990 in the US Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. Substantial gaps in monitoring coverage of US coral reef ecosystems were revealed through geographic in- formation system (GIS) analysis of survey metadata. Although southern Florida contains approximately two-thirds of all marine monitoring projects found in the US Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, we were unable to identify any ongo- ing projects that monitor coral reefs along Florida's western coast and off of the Florida Middle Grounds. Addition- ally, Florida is covered by approximately 1 900 km 2 of mangroves, yet there were only four ongoing projects that monitor this ecosystem, leaving gaps in coverage in the Lower and Middle Keys and along the eastern and western coasts. The Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, located offshore of the Texas/Louisiana border, has an integral long-term monitoring program, but lacks a monitoring project that gathers long-term, quantitative data on reef fish abundance and certain water quality parameters. Numerous coral reef monitoring projects in Puerto Rico are concentrated on the island's southwestern coast surrounding La Parguera, while far fewer monitoring projects are conducted along the northern and southeastern coasts and around Vieques Island. In the US Virgin Islands, the pau- city of monitoring projects in large areas of St. Croix and St. Thomas contrasts with monitoring activity in three ma- rine protected areas (MPAs), where 66% of the US Virgin Islands' coral reef monitoring sites were found. Only a se- ries of assessments have been conducted at Navassa, a small, uninhabited island located 55 km west of Haiti and 137 km northeast of Jamaica. In order to better understand changes in coral reef communities and to produce a series of biennial reports on the status of US coral reef ecosystems, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is developing a national coral reef monitoring network. This network has already begun to fill some of these gaps in monitoring coverage through issuing cooperative grants to states and territories to build long-term monitoring capacity.
The response of the ionosphere to the injection of chemically reactive vapors

As a gas released in the ionosphere expands, it is rapidly cooled. When the vapor becomes sufficiently tenuous, it is reheated by collisions with the ambient atmosphere and its flow is then governed by diffusive expansion. As the injected gas becomes well mixed with the plasma, a hole is created by chemical processes. In the case of diatomic hydrogen release, depression of the electron concentrations is governed by the charge exchange reaction between oxygen ions and hydrogen, producing positive hydroxyl ions. Hydroxyl ions rapidly react with the electron gas to produce excited oxygen and hydrogen atoms. Enhanced airglow emissions result from the transition of the excited atoms to lower energy states. The electron temperature in the depleted region rises sharply causing a thermal expansion of the plasma and a further reduction in the local plasma concentration.
Sequential Bayesian beamformer for Gauss-Markov signals

A Bayesian approach to beamforming is used to derive a sequential adaptive beamformer for estimating Gauss-Markov signals when the source direction-of-arrival (DOA) is uncertain. The DOA is assumed to be randomly selected from a discrete set of candidate directions, with a known probability mass function (PMF). Through a development similar to that of Bell, et al. (see IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol.48, p.386-98, 2000), for i.i.d. sources, the resulting estimator becomes a weighted-combination of Kalman estimators for the source, where the observations for each estimator are retrieved using an MVDR beamformer for each of the candidate DOAs and where the relative weighting is proportional to the likelihood of the DOA given the observed data so far. Aspects of the proposed beamformer, such as robustness to DOA and asymptotic estimation performance are compared with conventional MVDR-based approaches.
Robust Control of Feedback Systems with Combined Plant and Controller Uncertainty

In this paper we consider the stability of feedback systems in the presence of combined plant and controller uncertainty. We show that if a controller C stabilizes a ball of plants about a nominal plant P, where distances are measured by the gap metric, then P stabilizes a ball of controllers about C of the same radius. This reveals a certain reciprocity between the role of plant and controller in a feedback system. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for stability under simultaneous perturbations of the plant and the controller. We also introduce a weighted gap metric and discuss its application to the problem of robust stabilization of feedback systems.
Thymidylate Synthetase Activity in Cultured Mammalian Cells

Abstract Thymidylate synthetase from Don Chinese hamster cells grown in vitro was characterized and the changes in the specific activity of this enzyme during the culture cycle and the cell cycle were examined. In crude extracts thymidylate synthetase exhibited a Km for dUMP of 0.90 ± 0.04 x 10-5 m, was very heat-labile at temperatures above 43°, but was stable over pH 7.5 to 9.5. During the culture cycle of Don cells, thymidylate synthetase activity rose 6- to 8-fold during logarithmic growth and fell to base line when the cultures entered stationary phase. In contrast, lactate dehydrogenase activity was low during logarithmic growth and high during stationary phase. However, during the cell cycle of logarithmically growing Don C cells (Don subline), thymidylate synthetase and lactate dehydrogenase activities rose and fell in exact parallel, being low in G1, rising sharply at the beginning of S and again in late S, dropping at the beginning of G2, and then rising again in mid-G2. These studies indicate that, while the absolute amount of a given enzyme present at any time in a cell may be controlled individually for different enzymes, regulation of the relative activity and perhaps the general synthesis and degradation of many different enzymes is synchronized within the cell during logarithmic growth.
Ahead of the Curve

Graphs function plainly to summarize data. They hardly seem momentous. Unlike a famous discovery, whose significance is often marked by an eponymous name: Mendel’s laws, the Watson & Crick model of DNA, Darwinian theory. Who would name a mere graph? They seem mundane fragments of science, hardly worth celebrating. A notable exception, however, is the Keeling Curve (Figure 1). This “simple” graph depicts the steady rise in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Earth’s atmosphere over the last half-century. It helps document how humans have transformed the atmosphere and, with it, the Earth’s temperature. The Keeling Curve is a linchpin in the evidence that humans have changed the planet’s climate. Figure 1. Source: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/webdata/ccgg/trends/CO2\_data\_mlo.png. The Keeling Curve starts in 1958 and continues uninterrupted for over five decades. The scale of the data is extraordinary, an ideal rarely realized in science. The “hard” data from real-time measurements show the steady accumulation of CO2 from burning fossil fuels. It serves to warn an energy-hungry culture of its environmental hubris. Although “just” a graph, it is monumental in scope and significance. The Keeling Curve, viewed in retrospect, raises an interesting question about how science works. How do such important long-term data sets emerge? Often we assume that scientific investigations find just what they intend to find. That is an implicit lesson of the tidy “Scientific Method,” typically inscribed in textbooks. But can we trust this Sacred Bovine? Could anyone have predicted this curve or its importance in advance? How did these important data originate ? What happened before the graph was fully created? What happened, literally, ahead of the Curve? The Keeling Curve is named after its creator, Charles David Keeling. In the 1950s, as a handsome young man frequently enjoying the great outdoors (Figure 2), he hardly fit the …
Fluorescent, Multiplexed, Automated, Primer-Extension Assay for 3120+1G→A and I148T Mutations in Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis [(CF); Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man No. 602421] is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by chronic broncho-pulmonary disease, pancreatic insufficiency, and increased sweat electrolytes (1). The CF transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR ) gene was identified by three groups (2)(3)(4) and was mapped to the long arm of chromosome 7 (7q31). The CFTR contains 24 exons, encodes a protein of 1480 amino acids, functions as a chloride channel, and regulates other transport pathways. Over 900 disease-causing mutations in the CFTR gene have been identified. The American College of Medical Genetics has recommended a core mutation panel for general population CF carrier screening (5). This panel contains 25 of the known CF mutations, including 3120+1G→A and I148T . 3120+1G→A (intron 16) is the second most common CF mutation in the African American population and accounts for 9–14% of the African American CF chromosomes (6). I148T (exon 4) is the second most common CF mutation in the French Canadian population and accounts for 9.1% of the French Canadian CF chromosomes (7). Most of the 25 mutations recommended by the American College of Medical Genetics can be detected with commercially available methods [Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Applied Biosystems and Innogenetics (ABI)], but no assays test for both the 3120+1G→A and I148T mutations, and two of the three assays do not detect either mutation. Therefore, we developed a multiplex primer-extension assay that rapidly and simultaneously detects these two CF mutations using the ABI Prism® SNaPshotTM ddNTP Primer-Extension assay. We believe this is the first demonstration of the use of this assay in the literature. The method uses a dideoxynucleotide primer-extension reaction (PER) in conjunction with an ABI genetic analyzer to detect the addition of a fluorescently labeled ddNTP to the 3′ end of a sequencing primer (Fig. …
Larval Mortality in Marine Fishes and the Critical Period Concept

The high fecundity of many marine fishes implies that an extremely high rate of mortality must be experienced by each year-class. Most of this mortality occurs during the pelagic larval stage, and for this reason the characteristics of larval mortality are intimately related to basic problems in the population dynamics of fishes, including density-dependent regulatory mechanisms, the relation between stock and recruitment, and the determination of year-class strength (Beverton, 1962; Gulland, 1965; Hempel, 1965; Cushing, 1969). The critical period concept may be defined as the proposal that most larval mortality is concentrated during a relatively short period in early development. This review will first consider several variants of this broad definition and then examine evidence for a critical period (in its most widely accepted sense) in marine fishes.
Advancing a National Agenda to Eliminate Disparities in Pain Care: Directions for Health Policy, Education, Practice, and Research

Background. Pain is strongly associated with significant personal and societal costs. A crucial element of any initiative on pain must focus on eliminating pain care disparities that are pervasive throughout the United States health care settings. Objectives. This report focuses on macro-level factors related to pain care disparities in the United States that may be amenable to policy interventions. Methods. We identify concrete opportunities for achieving equity in pain care, especially those occasioned by recent legislative changes in the United States health care system. An aggressive policy, advocacy, and research agenda is synthesized in five domains: 1) structural/system; 2) policy and advocacy; 3) workforce; 4) provider; and 5) research. Results. Inequities in pain care remain an important and neglected health policy concern. Many direct and indirect provisions within the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and other national initiatives that leverage on ACA offer opportunities to achieve equity in pain care. These include changes in insurance, in public, provider, and legislative education, in primary care and pain specialist training, improving workforce diversity, achieving uniformity in race/ethnicity data collection, emphasizing patient-centered outcomes research, and encouraging focus on pain care disparities within the comparative effectiveness research paradigm. Conclusions. Recent national legislative initiatives within ACA are expected to generate multilevel efforts that will impact the flow of funding to address the pervasive issue of disparities. It is an opportune time for the pain community to take a lead in implementing a concerted agenda on pain care disparities in order to leverage these national initiatives.
God and Thomas Hobbes

Atheists were even rarer and more obscure in seventeenth-century England than communists are in the modern United States. The scarcity of atheists, however, rather enhanced than restricted the term as an expression of loathsomeness and evil beyond accurate description. Those who seemed obviously wrong-headed on matters of the most serious import, and who were yet exasperatingly hard to prove wrong, must be in the power of some unnatural evil. Thus Thomas Hobbes was denounced as an atheist; and the accusation was as honest and almost as irrational as the accusation heard recently in many parts of the Southeast that the NAACP is communistic.
2‐(4‐tert‐Butyl­benzyl)‐3‐phenyl­inden‐1‐one

The title compound, C26H24O, was obtained from the reaction of 2-[(4-tert-butyl)­phenyl­methyl]-1,3-di­phenyl­propane-1,3-dione with acetic anhydride. The reaction yielded 92% of the product. The crystal structure confirms the formation of the five-membered ring from the parent dione.
Leisure and Islam

What role does Islamic teaching play in the development of a uniquely Muslim state of mind and leisure behaviour? While religion serves to stabilize the social order by endowing traditions with sacredness, leisure serves as a vehicle of human expression. Islam never sanctified time or frowned on leisure activities, although it maintained strict segregation of the sexes. In Islamic countries there are many more religious days off than in Christian countries. Traditional leisure activities include poetry, song, music and dancing but there are new activities: sport, TV and movie-going. The urban centres of Islam are in dire need of open space and parks.
The Xylella fastidiosa Biocontrol Strain EB92-1 Genome Is Very Similar and Syntenic to Pierce's Disease Strains

Xylella fastidiosa infects a wide range of plant hosts and causes economically serious diseases, including Pierce's disease (PD) of grapevines. X. fastidiosa biocontrol strain EB92-1 is infectious to grapevines but does not cause symptoms. The draft genome of EB92-1 reveals that it may be missing 10 potential pathogenicity effectors.
Swimming performance of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) after nitrite exposure.

Tests of prolonged swimming are generally considered most useful in sublethal stress assessment, as they draw on both major biochemical energy sources. No research to date has quantified either the swimming performance of I. punctatus or effects of nitrite exposure on swimming of any species. Our purpose was to determine if nitrite exposure affects the prolonged swimming performance of channel catfish, and to delineate the extent that methemoglobinemia resulting from nitrate exposure correlates with performance.
Conformal mapping-based hand-written word and sentence representation and recognition

In this paper, we introduce a technique for handwritten words and sentences representation and recognition. The proposed method is based on complex variables and conformal mapping methodology. In particular, in a previous work, through a complex variable methodology and conformal mapping process, we demonstrated the ability to recognized shapes and concisely represent shape boundaries using a set of polynomial coefficients derived in the mapping process. In this work we illustrate how these previous results can be applied to hand-written words and sentences. We show that the words/sentences classification techniques used are adapted to the feature-coefficients selected and are based on feature-coefficients similarities in combination with the minimum distance classifier. We use as measures the Euclidean distance as well as the covariance matrix eigen- values distance. Finally, experimental results of handwritten words and sentences are shown to show the power, versatility and robustness of the proposed technique.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of high-dose monoclonal antibody therapy in a rat model of immune thrombocytopenia

Intravenous administration of pooled, polyvalent human immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been used for over 20 years as a therapy for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). IVIG is available in limited quantities, and clinical preparations have been associated with the transfer of human pathogens. We have proposed that high-dose monoclonal antibody may be used in lieu of IVIG to achieve beneficial effects in the treatment of ITP. The current study investigates the effects of high-dose monoclonal antibody therapy in a rat model of ITP. Hybridoma cells secreting a murine monoclonal antiplatelet antibody (7E3) and murine monoclonal anti-methotrexate IgG (AMI) were grown in serum-free media. Next, 7E3, 8 mg kg−1, was administered intravenously to rats following pretreatment with saline or AMI (1 g kg−1 IV). AMI and 7E3 plasma concentrations were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and platelet count was determined with a Cell-Dyne hematology analyzer. Severe, transient thrombocytopenia was induced by 7E3. Platelet counts dropped to ≈8% of initial values within 1 hour after 7E3 administration. AMI pretreatment dramatically affected 7E3-induced thrombocytopenia, significantly altering the time course of throm-bocytopenia (P<.05) and significantly decreasing the severity of 7E3-induced thrombocytopenia (ie, following AMI pretreatment, nadir platelet count was greater than 8-fold that of the control group,P<.05). In addition, AMI pretreatment induced a 57% increase in 7E3 clearance (1.13±0.13 mL h−1 kg−1 vs 0.72±0.08 mL h−1 kg−1,P<.05). Consequently, high-dose monoclonal antibody therapy attenuated thrombocytopenia and produced a moderate increase in the clearance of antiplatelet antibodies in a rat model of ITP.
Indirect Speech and Its Predicates in Korean

The purpose of this paper is to investigate indirect speech and its predicates in Korean. Section 1 deals with differences between indirect speech and direct speech. Section 2 discusses the structural status of indirect speech. Section 3 describes types of predicates and examines their syntactic and semantic characteristics.
Creating Electronic Tutorials: On Your Mark, Get Set, Go!

As library patrons move online, librarians must move instructional content online to join them. One means of educating library users is to meet them on their computers with electronic tutorials. Electronic tutorials may be used for various instructional tasks such as teaching users about the basic elements of a library catalog, pointing out the finer features of a specialty database, or providing a step-by-step procedure for a specific task. In addition to the complexity of creating content, developing an electronic tutorial may be an intimidating task to some librarians, especially to those less comfortable with technology. This article seeks to ease concerns by streamlining the tutorial creation process. First, the article will discuss strategies and initial issues to be considered. Issues include identifying the staff available, the audience, the objectives and outcomes, the desired level of interactivity, the instruction style, informational content, design content, storyboarding, target length, and e...
Modeling of multilayered media using effective medium theory

The effective medium theory is applied to model a layered medium substrate. Four equivalent models are developed to calculate the effective permittivity and permeability, namely, (a) Parallel plate capacitor model; (b) Model based on the same reflection and transmission coefficients; (c) Model based on the same reflection coefficient; and (d) Model based on the same transmission coefficient. Finally, this paper numerically compares these four equivalent models for the layered media. On the low-frequency (LF) limit, the analytical expressions of the effective dielectric constant are derived.
Effect of Oxidation of αA- and αB-Crystallins on their Structure, Oligomerization and Chaperone Function

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of metal-catalyzed oxidation by H2O2 on the structure, oligomerization, and chaperone function of αA- and αB-crystallins. Recombinant αA-and αB-crystallins were prepared by expressing them in E. coli and purifying by size-exclusion chromatography. They were incubated with 1.5 mM H2O2 and 0.1 mM FeCl3 at 37 ∘C for 24 hrs and the reaction was stopped by adding catalase. Structural changes due to oxidation were ascertained by circular dichroism (CD) measurements and chaperone activity was assayed with alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and insulin as target proteins. The oligomeric nature of the oxidized proteins was assessed by molecular sieve HPLC. The secondary structure of the oxidized αA- and αB-crystallins has been substantially altered due to significant increase in random coils, in addition to decrease in β-sheet or α-helix contents. The tertiary structure also showed significant changes indicative of different mode of folding of the secondary structural elements. Chaperone function was significantly compromised as supported by nearly 50% loss in chaperone activity. Oxidation also resulted in the formation of higher molecular weight (HMW) proteins as well as lower molecular weight (LMW) proteins. Thus, oxidation leads to disintegration of the oligomeric structure of αA- and αB-crystallins. Chaperone activity of the HMW fraction is normal whereas the LMW fraction lacks any chaperone activity. So, it appears that the formation of the LMW proteins is the primary cause of the chaperone activity loss due to oxidation.
SYNTHETIC JETS IN CROSS -FLOW. PART I: ROUND JET

Results of an experimental investigation on synthetic jets fro m round orifices with and without cross -flow are presented. Jet Reynolds number up to 46 ,000 with a fully turbulent approach boundary layer, and Stokes number up to 400, are covered. The threshold of ‘stroke length’ for synthetic jet formation, in the abse nce of the cross -flow, is found to be L0 /D � 0.5. Above L0 /D � 10, the profiles of normalized centerline mean velocity appear to become invariant. It is reasoned that the latter threshold may be related to the phenomenon of ‘saturation’ of impulsively ge nerated vortices. In the presence of the cross -flow, the penetration height of a synthetic jet is found to depend on the ‘momentum -flux ratio’. When this ratio is defined in terms of the maximum jet velocity and the cross -flow velocity, not only all data c ollapse but also the jet trajectory is predicted well by correlation equation available for steady jets -in -cross -flow. Distributions of mean velocity, streamwise vorticity as well as turbulence intensity for a synthetic jet in cross -flow are found to be si milar to those of a steady jet -in -cross -flow. A pair of counter -rotating streamwise vortices, corresponding to the ‘bound vortex pair’ of the steady case, is clearly observed. Mean velocity distribution exhibits a ‘dome’ of low momentum fluid pulled up fro m the boundary layer, and the entire domain is characterized by high turbulence.
The Benefits of Adult Piano Study as Self-Reported by Selected Adult Piano Students

The purpose of this study was to assess the benefits that selected adult piano students reported receiving from their study. Adult piano students (N = 711) from 24 states representing all geographic regions of the U.S. each completed a questionnaire containing 31 individual benefit items. These benefits were organized into 3 categories: Personal, Skill, and Social/Cultural. The demographic characteristics of the study population were consistent with the findings of other adult music research. Students indicated the existence (yes or no) of each benefit and rated the importance of existing benefits on a scale of 1-10. The category of Skill Benefits was the most agreed upon and highest rated category in the study, with over 90% agreement for each of the 7 Skill Benefits. The 14 Personal Benefits were also rated highly, particularly benefits related to self-actualization and fun. Self-related Personal Benefits were rated moderately, while more introverted Personal Benefits such as Imagination/Creativity, Spirituality, and Aesthetic Appreciation were lower rated benefits. The 10 Social/Cultural benefits were the lowest rated and least important benefits in the study. The most agreed upon benefits were Skill Improvement, Musical Knowledge, Musicianship, Accomplishment, Skill Refinement, Technique, Play/Fun, Escape from Routine, and Music Listening. The highest rated benefits in terms of importance were Dream Fulfilled, Technique, Accomplishment, Escape from Routine, Skill Improvement, Musicianship, Musical Knowledge, Play/Fun, Skill Refinement, and Personal Growth.
Suppression of immune function in growth hormone-deficient children during treatment with human growth hormone

Inasmuch as growth hormone is known to interact with the immune system, we studied immune functions including immunoglobulins, cell surface markers, mitogen responses, and polymorphonuclear cell function in eight children with growth hormone deficiency, ages 1 to 17 years, before and during treatment with human growth hormone for 12 to 16 months. Before treatment, immune functions were normal in all children. Treatment with human growth hormone did not significantly affect serum immunoglobulins, polymorphonuclear cell function, or percent T cells. However, percent B cells decreased to subnormal levels in seven of seven patients. T helper/suppressor ratios, decreased in all patients, to subnormal values in seven of eight patients; and mitogen responses decreased to below normal in all. The decline of percent B cells was transient in all patients, of T helper/suppressor ratios in seven of eight, and mitogen responses in five of eight patients. In vitro incubation of lymphocytes with growth hormone resulted in no changes in cell surface markers or mitogen responses. Although the depression of immune functions resulted in no increased rate of infections during the observation period, we do not know the possible effects of prolonged treatment and therefore caution, against the indiscriminate use of human growth hormone. The effects of biosynthetically obtained growth hormone on immune function remain to be determined.
Epidemiology of bacterial vaginosis in an indigent obstetric population

Abstract Objective: To compare the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) to that of other genital tract infections in an indigent, rural prenatal population. Study design: At the time of their first prenatal appointment, patients had a urine culture to screen for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) and were tested for gonorrhea by culture of the endocervix and for chlamydia by polymerase chain reaction. Patients with symptoms of vaginitis were screened at the time of presentation for candidiasis, trichomoniasis, and BV. In addition, all patients were routinely screened for BV at 24–28 weeks. BV was confirmed if the vaginal pH was more than 4.5, the “whiff test” was positive, and microscopic examination showed clue cells. Results: Five hundred women were included in the investigation. One hundred ninety-one (38%) women tested positive for BV. Fifty-nine (11.8%) women had symptomatic candidiasis; patients with BV were not more likely to have candidiasis. Thirty-nine (7.8%) women had either gonorrhea or chlamydia. Patients who were positive for BV were no more likely to be coinfected with gonorrhea or chlamydia than BV-negative patients. Twenty-five (5%) women had symptomatic trichomoniasis. These women were not more likely than uninfected women to have BV. Fifty-three (10.6%) of the women had ASB. Women with BV were not more likely than BV-negative women to have ASB. Conclusions: BV was present in more than one-third of the patients. BV was 3 times more common than candidiasis, 8 times more common than trichomoniasis or chlamydia, and 100 times more common than gonorrhea. Women with BV were not more likely than BV-negative women to be coinfected with other genitourinary tract pathogens.
Surface tension measurement while stirring. A tool in unraveling adsorption kinetics

Abstract The rate of surface tension lowering measures the rate of adsorption. This depends on mass transport to the surface but may also depend on intrinsic kinetics of transfer from solution to surface or on a slow evolution of the adsorbed layer. Stirring can only affect the mass transport rate and thus measurements of surface tension in a stirred system should permit the evaluation of at least some of the contribution of mass transport to the kinetics. It is shown that, with some adaptations, the maximum-bubble-pressure method can produce such data. The advantage of this approach is that no additional information (such as the value of the diffusion coefficient) is needed. In a specific case diffusional mass transport accounts for over 90% of the time required for adsorption.
A new model for the morphology of P3HT/PCBM organic photovoltaics from small-angle neutron scattering: rivers and streams.

Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have attracted increasing interest as a lightweight, low-cost, and easy to process replacement for inorganic solar cells. Moreover, the morphology of the OPV active layer is crucial to its performance, where a bicontinuous, interconnected, phase-separated morphology of pure electron donor and acceptor phases is currently believed to be optimal. In this work, we use neutron scattering to investigate the morphology of a model OPV conjugated polymer bulk heterojunction, poly[3-hexylthiophene] (P3HT), and surface-functionalized fullerene 1-(3-methyloxycarbonyl) propyl(1-phenyl [6,6]) C61 (PCBM). These results show that P3HT and PCBM form a homogeneous structure containing crystalline P3HT and an amorphous P3HT/PCBM matrix, up to ca. 20 vol % PCBM. At 50 vol % PCBM, the samples exhibit a complex structure containing at least P3HT crystals, PCBM crystals, and a homogeneous mixture of the two. The 20 vol % PCBM samples exhibit behavior consistent with the onset of phase separation af...
Universal Use of Nonionic Iodinated Contrast Medium for CT: Evaluation of Safety in a Large Urban Teaching Hospital

OBJECTIVE. We evaluated the safety of the universal use of the nonionic iodinated contrast agent iopromide in patients undergoing CT in a large urban teaching hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODS. For 2 years, we prospectively recorded all adverse events temporally associated with the administration of iopromide in 29,508 consecutive patients undergoing contrast-enhanced CT at our institution. The types, intensities, treatments, and outcomes of adverse events were recorded along with relevant patient history, including risk factors. Descriptive analyses of the variables, comparisons of means, and proportions using Student's t and chi-square tests, and logistic regressions were conducted.RESULTS. Adverse events were observed in 211 patients (0.7%) and were categorized as follows: urticaria (n = 161), facial or laryngeal edema (n = 13), bronchospasm (n = 8), severe nausea or vomiting (n = 10), or other (n = 19). One hundred eighty-eight adverse events (89%) were rated mild, 19 moderate (9%), and four severe (2%), ...
High-density biosynthetic fuels: the intersection of heterogeneous catalysis and metabolic engineering

Biosynthetic valencene, premnaspirodiene, and natural caryophyllene were hydrogenated and evaluated as high performance fuels. The parent sesquiterpenes were then isomerized to complex mixtures of hydrocarbons with the heterogeneous acid catalyst Nafion SAC-13. High density fuels with net heats of combustion ranging from 133–141000 Btu gal−1, or up to 13% higher than commercial jet fuel could be generated by this approach. The products of caryophyllene isomerization were primarily tricyclic hydrocarbons which after hydrogenation increased the fuel density by 6%. The isomerization of valencene and premnaspirodiene also generated a variety of sesquiterpenes, but in both cases the dominant product was δ-selinene. Ab initio calculations were conducted to determine the total electronic energies for the reactants and products. In all cases the results were in excellent agreement with the experimental distribution of isomers. The cetane numbers for the sesquiterpane fuels ranged from 20–32 and were highly dependent on the isomer distribution. Specific distillation cuts may have the potential to act as high density diesel fuels, while use of these hydrocarbons as additives to jet fuel will increase the range and/or time of flight of aircraft. In addition to the ability to generate high performance renewable fuels, the powerful combination of metabolic engineering and heterogeneous catalysis will allow for the preparation of a variety of sesquiterpenes with potential for pharmaceutical, flavor, and fragrance applications.
A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF SUXAMETHONIUM AND TUBOCURARINE IN PATIENTS IN LONDON AND NEW YORK

SUMMARY The effects of suxamethonium and tubocurarine were studied in London and New York patients anaesthetized with thiopentone, nitrous oxide and halothane. The action of tha muscle relaxants were assessed by measurement of the twitch respone of the adductor pollicis muscle to supramaximal stimulation of the ulnar nerve. The duration of action of suxamethonium (1 mg/kg) was less in London patients than in a comparable group of New York patients. With tubocurarine (0.1 mg/kg) the magnitude and duration of action was less in London than in New York patients. In a group of Amercian patients at a United States Air Force (USAF) hospital the magnitude and duration of action of tubocurarine (0.1 mg/kg) was similar to that seen in New York patients. It was also observed that the response to tubocurarine (0.1 mg/kg) was affected by the prior administration of suxamethonium (1 mg/kg). Both the magnitude and duartion of action of tuborcurarine were greater in patients who had previously received suxamethonium than in those who had not.
Evaluating Human Service and Correctional Programs By Modeling the Timing of Recidivism

This paper develops and illustrates a new statistical model of recidivism which enables program evaluators to (1) examine short-run program impact on the postponement of recidivism, through estimates of the average time at which recidivism occurs; (2) measure long-run program impact on the prevention of recidivism, through estimates of the ultimate probability ofrecidivism and (3) help determine when individuals have been successful long enough to be considered "safe," through estimates of their conditional probability of future recidivism.
Fourier Expansion for Electronic Bands in Trigonal Tellurium and Selenium

The Fourier expansion technique for coupled bands is applied to the electronic dispersion relations of solids which crystallize into structures with ${D}_{3}^{4}$ (or ${D}_{3}^{6}$) symmetries. In this treatment, the spin-orbit interaction is included. A magnetic Hamiltonian is developed which is valid throughout the Brillouin zone. When $H$ is parallel to the $c$ axis, the Landau-level energy eigenvalues can be obtained as a one-dimensional Fourier expansion in ${k}_{z}$. Selection rules for optical transitions in a magnetic field are presented.
Approximation theorems for stochastic economies with incomplete markets

Abstract This paper shows that the complete markets property of economies with continuous trading and continuous observation approximately holds when those assumptions are approximately satisfied. We show that a sequence of economies in which the trading-observation interval is discrete, but becomes arbitrarily small along the sequence, has the property that the space of attainable claims converges in an appropriate sense towards complete markets.
Estimation for a class of generalized state-space time series models

Abstract State-space models with exponential and conjugate exponential family densities are introduced. Examples include Poisson–Gamma, Binomial–Beta, Gamma–Gamma and Normal–Normal processes. Maximum likelihood and quasilikelihood estimators and their properties are discussed. Results from a simulation study for the Poisson–Gamma model are reported.
Cysts of the gingiva

Abstract In summary it may be said that cysts in the gingiva are not as rare as indicated by a review of the literature. The etiologic possibilities for the gingival cyst are: (1) heterotopic glandular tissue; (2) remnants of the dental lamina, enamel organ, or epithelial islands of the periodontal membrane; (3) degenerative changes in a proliferation from an epithelial peg; (4) traumatic implantation.
Rash associated with St. John's Wort treatment in premenstrual dysphoric disorder

A patient who suffers from premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) insisted on treatment with St. John's Wort (SJW). She agreed to random assignment to either placebo or SJW for three months. She took placebo for the first month and SJW for the second month of her menstrual cycle. A rash developed within two weeks of treatment with SJW. Plant extracts such as SJW contain multiple organic compounds and allergic reactions can occur to these plant extracts.
Comparison of Two PARAFAC Models of Dissolved Organic Matter Fluorescence for a Mid-Atlantic Forested Watershed in the USA

The composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in a mid-Atlantic forested watershed was evaluated using two fluorescence models—one based on previously validated model (Cory and McKnight, 2005) and the other developed specifically for our study site. DOM samples for the models were collected from multiple watershed sources over a two-year period. The previously validated parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model had 13 DOM components whereas our site-specific model yielded six distinct components including two terrestrial humic-like, two microbial-derived humic-like, and two protein-like components. The humic-like components were highest in surficial watershed sources and decreased from soil water to groundwater whereas the protein-like components were highest for groundwater sources. Discriminant analyses indicated that our site-specific model was more sensitive to subtle differences in DOM and the sum of the humic- and protein-like constituents yielded more pronounced differences among watershed sources as opposed to the prevalidated model. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentrations and selected DOM metrics were also more strongly correlated with the site-specific model components. These results suggest that while the pre-validated model may capture broader trends in DOM composition and allow comparisons with other study sites, a site-specific model will be more sensitive for characterizing within-site differences in DOM.
Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C:

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma and is also a common indication for liver transplantation. Interferon alfa monotherapy leads to a sustained virologic response in only 10% to 15% of HCV-infected patients. The sustained virologic response rates can be increased to approximately 40% with interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin combination therapy for up to 48 weeks. However, recent clinical trials demonstrated that pegylated interferon in combination with ribavirin can improve the response rates even further, with more than 50% of patients having a sustained virologic response to treatment. Although new therapies are emerging, significant progress must be made to reduce the morbidity and mortality from HCV infection.
Effect of personalization of instructional context on the achievement and attitudes of hispanic students

This study investigated the effects of three levels of personalization—individualized, group, and non-personalized—on the mathematics achievement of 123 seventh-grade Hispanic boys and girls. Personalization was accomplished by using personal information provided by students on a biographical inventory. Subjects were randomly assigned within sex to one of three versions of a two-day instructional program on one-step and two-step mathematics word problems. Subjects in both the individual and group personalization treatments scored significantly higher on the posttest than those in the nonpersonalized treatment on two-step word problems, but not on one-step problems. Subjects in the individualized treatment had significantly more positive attitudes toward the instruction than those in the other two treatments.