cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Caring Neighborhoods Bringing Up the Kids Together

This article examines the situation in 47 “caring neighborhoods,” which are defined as those in which the neighbors report working together in caring for the neighborhood children. These suburban neighborhoods are White and predominately middle class. Fictive kin are found in some of these neighborhoods, and in all of the neighborhoods a low value is placed on privacy. These neighborhoods challenge the stereotype of the isolated nuclear family of the suburbs but reinforce the model of the male-breadwinner family. In considering how families can connect over child-rearing tasks and move beyond the male-breadwinner family, it is seen that the problem lies not in the suburban housing structure but in the condition of neighborhood mothers, who have to stay at home with pre-school-age children. This research suggests that to have the appropriate neighborhoods available to families, intentional neighborhoods will have to be built with an emphasis on gender equity.
Role of sun exposure in melanoma

BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma is the third most common skin cancer in the United States. It is commonly thought that sun exposure is causative in these tumors. Recently, however, the significance of the role of sun exposure in melanoma has come into question. Some have suggested that other factors, such as genetics, play a larger role, and that sun protection may even be harmful. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS To investigate the role of sun exposure in melanoma etiology. An extensive review of basic science and clinical literature on this subject was conducted. RESULTS Although exceptions exist, sun exposure likely plays a large role in most melanomas. The pattern of this exposure, however, is not fully known, and controversy exists, especially in the use of sunscreens. Sun exposure may interact with genetic factors to cause melanomas, and sun protective measures appear to be prudent. CONCLUSIONS The cause of melanoma is probably variable and multifactorial. Sun exposure may play a primary or supporting role in most melanoma tumors.
Relations of Gestational Length and Timing and Type of Incomplete Pregnancy to Ovarian Cancer Risk

While the protective nature of parity with respect to ovarian cancer has been well documented, whether a history of incomplete pregnancy affects ovarian cancer risk is uncertain. Data collected from 739 epithelial ovarian cancer cases and 1,313 community controls in the Delaware Valley from 1994 to 1998 were used to evaluate the relation between gestational length and timing of first induced or spontaneous abortion and ovarian cancer risk. Incomplete pregnancy was not associated with ovarian cancer among nulliparous women or among ever-pregnant women either before or after adjustment for relevant confounders (for nulliparous women, odds ratio (OR) = 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66, 1.89; for ever-pregnant women, OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.76, 1.18). Among unigravid women, one full-term pregnancy was more protective than an incomplete pregnancy (adjusted OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.57). These results were independent of the type of pregnancy loss. Among ever-pregnant women, a spontaneous abortion before a first birth provided significant protection (adjusted OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.75), while no significant effect was found for an induced abortion prior to a first birth (adjusted OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.44, 1.47). These data do not support an independent association between incomplete pregnancies, either spontaneous or induced, and ovarian cancer risk.
Alcohol Use and Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health

Recently, over the past 20 years, women’s alcohol use and abuse and associated adverse health-related consequences received widespread scientific study. Early myths perpetuated the notion that alcohol problems and alcoholism were principally domains of difficulty for men, and that heavy drinking characterized only a small minority of women. Furthermore, sexual promiscuity and moral corruption were viewed as prominent characteristics among this heavy-drinking female minority, and hence there were few efforts directed toward public health resources and scientific studies to a perceived unsavory minority. Recent research and theoretical perspectives have radically altered this outlook with regard to perceptions of and knowledge about women’s alcohol use practices and associated health problems (e.g., Plant, 1997; Wilsnack, Plaud, Wilsnack, & Klassen, 1997a).
Enron's Dirty Little Secret: Waiting for the Other Shoe to Drop

Victor Fleischer, Columbia University, looks at the Enron scandal and concludes that Enrondidn't pay income tax in the last four years because it didn't have much income during that time.Victor Fleischer is the Research Fellow in Transactional Studies at Columbia Law School.Before teaching, Mr. Fleischer practiced in the tax and litigation departments at Davis Polk W it's the accountants that got it wrong.A student recently asked me the following question: How could Enron, one of the 10largest companies in the country, not pay income tax for four out of the last five years?
THE SELENOPROTEIN GPX4 IS ESSENTIAL FOR MOUSE DEVELOPMENT AND PROTECTS FROM RADIATION AND OXIDATIVE DAMAGE INSULTS

Lipid peroxidation has been implicated in a variety of pathophysiological processes, including inflammation, atherogenesis, neurodegeneration, and the ageing process. Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) is the only major antioxidant enzyme known to directly reduce phospholipid hydroperoxides within membranes and lipoproteins, acting in conjunction with alpha tocopherol (vitamin E) to inhibit lipid peroxidation. Here we describe the generation and characterization of GPX4-deficient mice by targeted disruption of the murine Gpx4 locus through homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Gpx4(-/-) embryos die in utero by midgestation (E7.5) and are associated with a lack of normal structural compartmentalization. Gpx4(+/-) mice display reduced levels of Gpx4 mRNA and protein in various tissues. Interestingly, cell lines derived from Gpx4(+/-) mice are markedly sensitive to inducers of oxidative stress, including gamma-irradiation, paraquat, tert-butylhydroperoxide, and hydrogen peroxide, as compared to cell lines derived from wild-type control littermates. Gpx4(+/-) mice also display reduced survival in response to gamma-irradiation. Our observations establish GPX4 as an essential antioxidant enzyme in mice and suggest that it performs broad functions as a component of the mammalian antioxidant network.
A high-directivity transponder using self-steering arrays

A high-directivity transponder system based on self-steering arrays is introduced. The system consists of retrodirective and self-null-steering arrays. When interrogated, the retrodirective array steers a beam containing data toward the interrogator, while the null-steering array points a null toward the interrogator and a jamming signal in all other directions. The system effectively provides super-high directivity, disabling interception.
Multicultural and Social Justice Training for Counselor Education Programs and Colleges of Education: Rewards and Challenges

This study examined the impact of a multicultural/social justice professional-organizational development project that was implemented at 5 universities across the United States. The results indicate increased organizational support for multicultural/social justice issues and gains in the participants' multicultural competence. The limitations of the study are also discussed.
A genome-wide screen for sporulation-defective mutants in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Yeast sporulation is a highly regulated developmental program by which diploid cells generate haploid gametes, termed spores. To better define the genetic pathways regulating sporulation, a systematic screen of the set of ~3300 nonessential Schizosaccharomyces pombe gene deletion mutants was performed to identify genes required for spore formation. A high-throughput genetic method was used to introduce each mutant into an h90 background, and iodine staining was used to identify sporulation-defective mutants. The screen identified 34 genes whose deletion reduces sporulation, including 15 that are defective in forespore membrane morphogenesis. In S. pombe, the total number of sporulation-defective mutants is a significantly smaller fraction of coding genes than in S. cerevisiae, which reflects the different evolutionary histories and biology of the two yeasts.
Panel on revitalized undergraduate computing education

There is an imbalance in the supply and demand for computing professionals that has generated shortages in meeting personnel needs within industry. A major program was developed by the U.S. National Science Foundation to encourage innovations in undergraduate computing education. There are a variety of new projects that are revitalizing undergraduate computing education. One approach to such revitalization is the introduction of interdisciplinary courses to expand the scope of computing education. The basic idea is to have students from various disciplines work together on computing projects to expand their educational horizons and make computing courses more appealing. This panel brings together research managers with educators who have developed and taught interdisciplinary courses with these goals in mind. The panelists will share their experiences and solicit new ideas from the audience.
The Need to Archive Blog Content

Until recently, the rise of blogs through mainstream culture has been relatively easy for serials librarians to ignore. As blogs garner more media attention and as their roles evolve, that situation could be changing. Certain blogs are starting to influence what is covered by the traditional media. This gives blogs value as a resource to future researchers. With no way to archive blog postings the way newspapers and magazines are routinely archived by vendors, librarians are rapidly moving toward a situation where newspapers and magazines are directing readers to blogs that might not exist in the future. If these blogs are not properly archived, future libraries will be filled with incomplete records of this time in American history.
Control of a Magnetic Actuated Robotic Surgical camera system for single incision laparoscopic surgery

This paper demonstrates a Magnetic Actuated Robotic Surgical (MARS) camera system with two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) orientation control for single incision laparoscopic surgery. The MARS camera design that consists of a stator and a rotor features a unified mechanism for anchoring, navigating, and rotating the insertable camera by externally generated rotational magnetic field from the stator. The insertable camera that has no on-board motors is capsulated in a one-piece housing with two ring-shaped tail-end magnets and one cylindrical central magnet as the rotor. The stator positioned outside an abdominal cavity consists of both permanent magnets and electromagnetic coils to generate rotational magnetic field. A closed-loop control system was developed to enable automatic fine orientation control of the MARS camera. The experimental investigations indicated that our MARS camera can achieve 0.67° and 0.49° control accuracies for tilt and pan motions respectively.
Chemolithoautotrophy supports macroinvertebrate food webs and affects diversity and stability in groundwater communities

The prevailing paradigm in subterranean ecology is that below-ground food webs are simple, limited to one or two trophic levels, and composed of generalist species because of spatio-temporally patchy food resources and pervasive energy limitation. This paradigm is based on relatively few studies of easily accessible, air-filled caves. However, in some subterranean ecosystems, chemolithoautotrophy can subsidize or replace surface-based allochthonous inputs of photosynthetically derived organic matter (OM) as a basal food resource and promote niche specialization and evolution of higher trophic levels. Consequently, the current subterranean trophic paradigm fails to account for variation in resources, trophic specialization, and food chain length in some subterranean ecosystems. We reevaluated the subterranean food web paradigm by examining spatial variation in the isotopic composition of basal food resources and consumers, food web structure, stygobiont species diversity, and chromophoric organic matter (CDOM), across a geochemical gradient in a large and complex groundwater system, the Edwards Aquifer in Central Texas (USA). Mean δ13C values of stygobiont communities become increasingly more negative along the gradient of photosynthetic OM sources near the aquifer recharge zone to chemolithoautotrophic OM sources closer to the freshwater-saline water interface (FWSWI) between oxygenated freshwater and anoxic, sulfide-rich saline water. Stygobiont community species richness declined with increasing distance from the FWSWI. Bayesian mixing models were used to estimate the relative importance of photosynthetic OM and chemolithoautorophic OM for stygobiont communities at three biogeochemically distinct sites. The contribution of chemolithoautotrophic OM to consumers at these sites ranged between 25% and 69% of total OM utilized and comprised as much as 88% of the diet for one species. In addition, the food web adjacent to the FWSWI had greater trophic diversity when compared to the other two sites. Our results suggest that diverse OM sources and in situ, chemolithoautotrophic OM production can support complex groundwater food webs and increase species richness. Chemolithoautotrophy has been fundamental for the long-term maintenance of species diversity, trophic complexity, and community stability in this subterranean ecosystem, especially during periods of decreased photosynthetic production and groundwater recharge that have occurred over geologic time scales.
Prediction of Time-Dependent Temperature Distribution within the Pavement Surface Layer during FWD Testing

AbstractThis paper presents an infinite series solution to predict the time-dependent temperature profile within the pavement surface layer on the basis of measured pavement surface temperature data during falling weight deflectometer (FWD) testing. The infinite series solution was derived using the method of eigenfunction expansions. The model validation was conducted based on the long-term pavement performance (LTPP) program FWD temperature data. The interpolatory trigonometric polynomials were used to approximate a pavement surface temperature history by using temperatures measured at different times during FWD testing. Total of 2,066 and 1,968 pavement subsurface temperatures within surface layers were predicted by using the derived infinite series solution for flexible and rigid pavements, respectively. These temperature profile predictions were compared with the measured pavement subsurface temperatures, showing that the proposed solution can rapidly and accurately predict the transient temperature ...
Prevalence of two epicaridean isopods (Bopyridae and Entoniscidae) associated with the hermit crab Pagurus longicarpus Say, 1817 (Anomura) from the New Jersey coast (U.S.A.).

The epicaridean isopods Stegophryxus hyptius and Paguritherium alatum, parasitic in the hermit crab Pagurus longicarpus, are reported for the first time in New Jersey waters. Fourteen of 9,111 crabs (0.15%) were infested with the ectoparasitic S. hyptius, and 4 of 3,703 crabs (0.11%) were infected with the hemocoel-dwelling P. alatum. Crabs of both sexes were parasitized by each species. Prevalences of S. hyptius and P. alatum were considerably lower than those recorded over 50 yr ago in the Woods Hole region of Massachusetts.
The educational value of emergency department teaching: it is about time

There is a paucity of research on the quality and quantity of clinical teaching in the emergency department (ED) setting. While many factors impact residents' perceptions of attending physicians' educational skill, the authors hypothesized that the amount of time residents spend with attending in direct teaching is a determinant of residents' perception of their shift's educational value. Researchers shadowed emergency medicine (EM) attendings during ED shifts, and recorded teaching time with each resident. Residents were surveyed on their assessment of the educational value (EV) of the shift and potential confounders, as well as the attending physician's teaching quality using the ER Scale. The study was performed in the EDs of two urban teaching hospitals affiliated with an EM residency program. Subjects were EM residents and rotators from other specialties. The main outcome measure was the regression of impact of teaching time on EV. Researchers observed 20 attendings supervising 47 residents (mean 2.35 residents per attending, range 2-3). The correlation between teaching time in minutes (mean 60.8, st.dev 25.6, range 7.6-128.1) and EV (mean 3.45 out of 5, st. dev 0.75, range 2-5) was significant (r = 0.302, r 2 = 0.091, p < 0.05). No confounders had a significant effect. The study shows a moderate correlation between the total time attendings spend directly teaching residents and the residents' perception of educational value over a single ED shift. The authors suggest that mechanisms to increase the time attending physicians spend teaching during clinical shifts may result in improved resident education.
Rat pups and random robots generate similar self-organized and intentional behavior: Research Articles

Biorobotic research continually demonstrates that behavior and cognition can be the emergent products of (1) embodied agents that are (2) dynamically embedded within an environment and (3) equipped with simple sensorimotor rules. Thigmotaxis is an orientation response to contact manifested in infant rats by wall following, corner burrowing, and group aggregation. Orientation responses have been long thought to be mediated only by sensory or central processes. Here we show that a random control architecture in a morphologically similar robot embedded in a scaled environment can reproduce thigmotaxic behaviors seen in infant rats. We conclude that (1) and (2) may play a larger role than previously thought in the generation of complex behaviors. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 12: 53–66, 2006This paper was submitted as an invited paper resulting from the “Understanding Complex Systems” conference held at the University of Illinois–Urbana Champaign, May 2005
A tale of two sequences: microRNA-target chimeric reads

In animals, a functional interaction between a microRNA (miRNA) and its target RNA requires only partial base pairing. The limited number of base pair interactions required for miRNA targeting provides miRNAs with broad regulatory potential and also makes target prediction challenging. Computational approaches to target prediction have focused on identifying miRNA target sites based on known sequence features that are important for canonical targeting and may miss non-canonical targets. Current state-of-the-art experimental approaches, such as CLIP-seq (cross-linking immunoprecipitation with sequencing), PAR-CLIP (photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced CLIP), and iCLIP (individual-nucleotide resolution CLIP), require inference of which miRNA is bound at each site. Recently, the development of methods to ligate miRNAs to their target RNAs during the preparation of sequencing libraries has provided a new tool for the identification of miRNA target sites. The chimeric, or hybrid, miRNA-target reads that are produced by these methods unambiguously identify the miRNA bound at a specific target site. The information provided by these chimeric reads has revealed extensive non-canonical interactions between miRNAs and their target mRNAs, and identified many novel interactions between miRNAs and noncoding RNAs.
Analysis of the forces acting on beating cilia

Detailed analysis of the forces acting on a uniform-diameter beating cilium is carried out to determine the moment generated by the inter-doublet forces acting along the length of a cilium and the results are compared with the sliding-control theory according to which the moment is a function of the interdoublet sliding. In the central part of the cilium the inter-doublet forces are found to be proportional to the inter-doublet sliding. However, in spite of the uniformity of the diameter of the cilium, the proportionality constant, known as the dynamic stiffness, is not constant along its entire length. Significant variations are observed in the regions both near the tip of the cilium and proximal to the cell body. In the tip region the magnitude of the dynamic stiffness is found to decrease. This decrease is probably due to decrease in the number density of the molecular motors in that region and in the number of doublet microtubules. The behavior in the proximal region, on the other hand, does not appear to be well described by the sliding control theory. Our analysis therefore suggests that the dynamics of ciliary beating cannot be adequately described by a simple sliding-control theory with constant dynamic stiffness. Our analysis suggests that the cilium is differentiated into a basal region optimized for the creation of a wave and a central region optimized to support a traveling wave that provides the thrust for the cell.
Creatinine Degradation Ii: Mathematical Model Including the Effect of Extra-Renal Removal Rates:

Previous models of the patient-artificial kidney system have neglected the contribution of creatinine degradation as a pathway for creatinine removal. Creatinine degradation can remove significant ...
Fracture Energies of Ceramic-Metal Interfaces

The decohesion energy of ceramic-metal interfaces depends upon several irreversible phenomena, as well as equilibrium interfacial bonding and structure. Microscopy, DCB testing, and film delamination of metal-ceramic systems provide insights into key determinants of the fracture energy and decohesion mode. Results support models showing interrelationships among the effects of interface chemistry, plasticity and yield stress within the metal, and microstructural features causing crack bridging or shielding.
Fibroblast Growth Factor Ligand Dependent Proliferation and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Synovium-Derived Stem Cells and Concomitant Adaptation of Wnt/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signals

Cell expansion techniques commonly utilize exogenous factors to increase cell proliferation and create a larger cell population for use in cell-based therapies. One strategy for cartilage regenerative therapies is autologous stem cell expansion and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) supplementation during cell expansion, particularly FGF-2. However, it is unknown whether FGF-10, another FGF implicated in limb and skeletal development, can elicit the same rejuvenation responses in terms of proliferation and differentiation of human synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs). In this study, we expanded SDSCs in either FGF-2 or FGF-10 for 7 days; a control group had no treatment. FGF-2 and FGF-10 supplementation was also exclusively tested during the differentiation phase. Expanded SDSCs were evaluated for their ability to successfully engage in chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation. We found that FGF-2 supplementation during proliferation, but not differentiation, was able to increase glycosaminoglycan depositio...
Pharmacologic management of cytomegalovirus retinitis: review of current and future therapeutic modalities.

Background A number of new medications and modes of drug delivery have been introduced for the management of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients. New modes of treatment have attempted to prolong intervals between dosing and reduce drug-related toxicity in an effort to improve quality of life. Methods The ophthalmic, infectious disease, and pharmacologic literature were reviewed and evaluated for trends and new approaches to the management of CMV retinitis. Results Ganciclovir and foscarnet have been the mainstays in management of CMV retinitis. Intravenous administration of these drugs is costly, time-consuming, and complicated by numerous toxicities. Changes in the delivery of anti-viral drugs have involved intravitreal injections and implant devices. Other new methods involve liposomal systems to increase drug contact time, use of longer-acting drugs with less-frequent dosing requirements, and methods to improve quality of life by avoiding intravenous drug delivery. Conclusions A number of strategies have evolved to manage cytomegalovirus retinitis. Patients are living longer with AIDS. With increased survival comes increased risk of CMV retinitis and the need for more-effective treatments to preserve retinal integrity. The optometrist must become aware of the potential of these drugs to control retinitis, protect functional vision, and maintain quality of life.
Abstract 19254: Sex Differences for Patients With New-onset Atrial Fibrillation During Hospitalization

Introduction: New-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) during hospitalization has been associated with worse outcomes. However, there is little information on the risk factors associated with the develop...
Green Tea and Protection against Helicobacter Infection

Helicobacter infection is associated with chronic gastritis, ulceration and gastric malignancy. The main treatment for such infection is antibiotic eradication, but widespread antibiotic use has many drawbacks, including antibiotic resistance, and untoward effects on the host, such as allergic reactions and Clostridium difficile colitis. Because of these limitations, natural agents that can impact bacterial growth and disease progression are attractive. Epidemiological evidence suggests that diet and added dietary compounds can impact both infection rates and disease outcomes, therefore we examined the in vitro and in vivo effects of green tea on the viability of Helicobacter organisms, and using a mouse model of infection, demonstrated that green tea consumption can prevent and/or attenuate the mucosal reaction to the bacterium. These findings support a role for green tea as a means of modulating Helicobacter infection, and encourage investigation into the components of green tea which may be exploited therapeutically for treatment of infection.
A Response Model with a Fixed Number of Observations

In addition to deriving several useful porperties of the optimal policy for both problems TDC and DC, another, more important, purpose of developing model FPB has been to provide testable properties for detection of change experiments, either ones that are specifically designed to study detection of change behavior, or others, such as certain reaction time studies, that may be reformulated and modeled as detection of change tasks. Of course, without experimental evidence we do not know whether or not model FPB may mirror the rules that human subjects employ to reach a decision on each stage of the process. Subjects may not revise the probability of change from S0 to S1 on each stage of the task and compare it to some predetermined probability boundary, fixed or not. Rather, it seems more likely that many would employ simpler decision rules based on the actual values of the observations they have taken. It is the purpose of the present chapter to introduce another deterministic response model based on a fixed number of observation values, subsequently termed model FNOB, and to study its properties. An even simpler response model will be introduced and studied in Chapter 5.
Updating the Up Series: 56 Up directed by Michael Apted and Paul Almond, edited by Kim Horton

Michael Apted’s extraordinary Up films chronicle the lives of the dozen or so people he’s been interviewing every 7 years for more than half a century. In 1964, when 7-Up was released as the first ...
Foxe's Book of Martyrs and Early Modern Print Culture: The compilation of the book

In the course of situating early modern English historical writing within the study of the History of the Book, D. R. Woolf reaches the following conclusion concerning the Book of Martyrs : “Few works were as lavish as the 1570 and 1583 editions of Foxe's Acts and Monuments , a work the author of which had himself ruthlessly pillaged the medieval chronicles for tales of martyrdom and persecution.” As beguiling as this colorful view may seem, it reflects widespread misunderstandings concerning the construction of this monumental book. In the face of compelling evidence that Foxe functioned in the manner of an auctor or compilator , who accumulated an extraordinary aggregation of disparate documents that he set forth in annals fashion, Woolf subscribes to the stubborn misconception that he was the magisterial author of this massive history. In reinscribing an older outlook that privileges the centrality of the author in the construction of books, Woolf overlooks the contribution made by collaborators, correspondents, reporters, and transcribers of eye-witness reports in the Book of Martyrs . He disregards evidence that Foxe assembled material from manuscripts and printed books written by many different individuals. In charging that Foxe engaged in unscrupulous borrowing from older sources, Woolf applies an anachronistic standard of plagiarism to the early modern era. In actual fact, Foxe cites authorities in glosses that function as precursors to modern footnotes. Foxe's handling of his sources has received more attention than other aspects in the study of the Book of Martyrs .
An evaluation and ranking of children's hospital websites in the United States

Background: Children’s hospitals are faced with the rising need for technological innovation. Their prospective health care consumers, who increasingly depend on the Web and social media for communication and consumer engagement, drive this need. As patients and family members navigate the Web presence of hospitals, it is important for these specialized organizations to present themselves and their services efficiently. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the website content of children’s hospitals in order to identify opportunities to improve website design and create benchmarks to judge improvement. Methods: All websites associated with a children’s hospital were identified using a census list of all children’s hospitals in the United States. In March of 2014, each website and its social media were evaluated using a Web crawler that provided a 5-dimensional assessment that included website accessibility, marketing, content, technology, and usability. The 5-dimensional assessment was scored on a scale ranging from 0 to 10 with positive findings rated higher on the scale. Websites were ranked by individual dimensions as well as according to their average ranking across all dimensions. Results: Mean scores of 153 websites ranged from 5.05 to 8.23 across all 5 dimensions. Results revealed that no website scored a perfect 10 on any dimension and that room exists for meaningful improvement. Conclusions: Study findings allow for the establishment of baseline benchmarks for tracking future website and social media improvements and display the need for enhanced Web-based consumer engagement for children’s hospitals. [J Med Internet Res 2016;18(8):e228]
A hybrid approach combining real-time and archived data for mobility analysis

Mobility analysis is involved in many areas such as urban planning, traffic monitoring, climatology, study of social and animal phenomena to mention a few examples. The emergence and proliferation of mobile and sensor-based systems generate a significant increase of spatial and temporal data in terms of volume and frequency of update. In particular, the storage, management and analysis of the large data sets generated become a non straightforward task. Current works related to the manipulation of mobility data have been directed towards either mining archived historical data or continuous processing of incoming data streams. Our research introduces a hybrid approach whose objective is to provide a combined processing of real-time data streams and archived data. The principles of our approach is to promote the distributed and parallelized processing of mobility data. The whole framework is currently applied to the real-time monitoring of maritime traffic.
Single-photon-level spatial-mode-selective frequency up-conversion in a multimode χ 2 ) waveguide

We experimentally demonstrate selective up-conversion of either TM 00 or TM 01 mode of a 1540 nm single-photon signal into TM 01 mode at 775 nm with >70% efficiency, better than −10 dB crosstalk, and >102 signal-to-noise-photon ratio.
Anticancer Therapeutic Alginate-Based Tissue Sealants for Lung Repair

Injury to the connective tissue that lines the lung, the pleura, or the lung itself can occur from many causes including trauma or surgery, as well as lung diseases or cancers. To address current limitations for patching lung injuries, to stop air or fluid leaks, an adherent hydrogel sealant patch system was developed, based on methacrylated alginate (AMA) and AMA dialdehyde (AMA-DA) blends, which is capable of sealing damaged tissues and sustaining physiological pressures. Methacrylation of alginate hydroxyl groups rendered the polysaccharide capable of photo-cross-linking when mixed with an eosin Y-based photoinitiator system and exposed to visible green light. Oxidation of alginate yields functional aldehyde groups capable of imine bond formation with proteins found in many tissues. The alginate-based patch system was rigorously tested on a custom burst pressure testing device. Blending of nonoxidized material with oxidized (aldehyde modified) alginates yielded patches with improved burst pressure performance and decreased delamination as compared with pure AMA. Human mesothelial cell (MeT-5A) viability and cytotoxicity were retained when cultured with the hydrogel patches. The release and bioactivity of doxorubicin-encapsulated submicrospheres enabled the fabrication of drug-eluting adhesive patches and were effective in decreasing human lung cancer cell (A549) viability.
Wingbeat Frequency-Sweep and Visual Stimuli for Trapping Male Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Combinations of female wingbeat acoustic cues and visual cues were evaluated to determine their potential for use in male Aedes aegypti (L.) traps in peridomestic environments. A modified Centers for Disease control (CDC) light trap using a 350-500 Hz frequency-sweep broadcast from a speaker as an acoustic stimulus, combined with a black poster-board half-cylinder behind the trap as a visual stimulus, captured a significantly greater proportion of males in a laboratory arena during daylight than a CDC trap with the visual stimulus alone or a CDC trap alone without stimuli. Traps of each treatment type captured relatively more males when they were placed at darker positions in the arena. Potential applications are discussed for the incorporation of these findings into trapping programs to reduce transmission of human pathogens vectored by Ae. aegypti.
OPINIONS ON THE THEORIES OF SAVAGE AND DE FINETTI

Feduzi, Runde and Zappia (2012, 2014, 2017) have claimed repeatedly that de Finetti and Savage formally allowed imprecise , indeterminate, non-additive probabilities to be used by decision makers in their normative theory of decision making .The only way that non additivity can be formally incorporated into a decision theory is by the use of a variable similar to Keynes’s w or Ellsberg’s ρ. Nowhere in anything written by de Finetti and/or Savage in their lifetimes does any such variable appear in their formal theoretical analysis or in any of their supporting axioms. Savage stated that he did not know how to integrate such a variable that would take account of vagueness, into the additive probability measure that represented his formal, normative theory. Feduzi, Runde and Zappia (2012, 2014, 2017) have misinterpreted the de Finetti and Savage concerns and sympathy for vacillating ,indecisive decision makers, who were confronted with vague and ambiguous evidence, with their recognition that defining one’s personal probabilities can be a difficult task ,with the erroneous and mistaken belief that de Finetti and Savage incorporated a role for imprecise and indeterminate probabilities within their formal, subjectivist, normative theory of probability and their SEU decision theory ,which rests completely on additive probability.
Programmed Cell Death and Heterokaryon Incompatibility in Filamentous Fungi

Filamentous fungal hyphal networks can be formed by intercellular interactions within and between fungal colonies. However, intercellular interactions can be restricted by a self/nonself recognition mechanism, such that networks can only be formed between colonies that are identical at all self/nonself recognition (het) loci. Hyphal fusion between fungal colonies that are nonself results in the rapid induction of programmed cell death (PCD) in the fusion compartment and subtending cells. Although PCD in fungi exhibits some morphological similarities with apoptotic cell death, the genetic regulation of PCD appears to be unique. Self/nonself recognition loci have been cloned in the model fungal systems Podospora anserina and Neurospora crassa and have revealed that self/nonself recognition loci often involve both allelic and nonallelic interactions, show evolutionary features consistent with their selection for recognition and have implicated a filamentous fungal-specific protein domain (termed HET) in the induction of PCD.
Impact of pharmacist counseling on medication knowledge and compliance

The impact of discharge counseling was measured in a veteran patient population in a large tertiary-care government medical center. Upon discharge, seventy patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: one group received verbal medication counseling from a pharmacist, the other group did not. Medication knowledge and compliance were assessed by interviewing each patient approximately 6 weeks after discharge. Sixty patients (31 counseled, 29 uncounseled) completed the study. Forty-five patients were from our rehabilitation division (housing psychiatric, intermediate, and long-term care patients), and 15 patients were from our acute-care division. Overall, counseled patients were no more knowledgeable or compliant than uncounseled patients. However, among those patients discharged from our acute-care division, counseled patients were more knowledgeable and compliant than uncounseled patients. In all patients, medication knowledge and compliance decreased as their number of medications increased. Our discharge counseling program had little impact when examining all study patients. But in acute-care patients, discharge counseling did increase both medication knowledge and compliance. Our study also showed that, in both counseled and uncounseled patients, medication knowledge and compliance decreased as the number of discharge medications increased, and additional pharmacist counseling would likely prove beneficial to those patients discharged on multiple medications.
Return Current Design

Many EMI problems associated with high-speed circuits are due to improper design of the return current path. PCB designers often expend considerable effort to carefully design traces with the proper length, proper transmission line impedance, etc., but neglect the return current path that completes the current loop. These EMI problems can usually be avoided if attention is paid to this return current path.
Synthesis of Optical Frequencies and Ultrastable Femtosecond Pulse Trains from an Optical Reference Oscillator

Recently, atomic clocks based on optical frequency standards have been demonstrated [1,2]. A key element in these clocks is a femtosecond laser that downconverts the petahertz oscillation rate into countable ticks at 1 GHz. When compared to current microwave standards, these new optical clocks are expected to yield an improvement in stability and accuracy by roughly a factor of 1000. Furthermore, it is possible that the lowest noise microwave sources will soon be based on atomically-stabilized optical oscillators that have their frequency converted to the microwave domain via a femtosecond laser. Here, we present tests of the ability of femtosecond lasers to transfer stability from an optical oscillator to their repetition rates as well as to the associated broadband frequency comb. In a first experiment, we phase-lock two lasers to a stabilized laser diode and find that the relative timing jitter in their pulse trains can be on the order of 1 femtosecond in a 100 kHz bandwidth. It is important to distinguish this technique from previous work where a femtosecond laser has been stabilized to a microwave standard [3,4] or another femtosecond laser [5]. Furthermore, we extract highly stable microwave signals with a fractional frequency instability of 2×10−14 in 1 s by photodetection of the laser pulse trains. In a second experiment, we similarly phase-lock the femtosecond laser to an optical oscillator with linewidth less than 1 Hz [6]. The precision with which we can make the femtosecond frequency comb track this reference oscillator is then tested by a heterodyne measurement between a second stable optical oscillator and a mode of the frequency comb that is displaced 76 THz from the 1 Hz-wide reference. From this heterodyne signal we place an upper limit of 150 Hz on the linewidth of the elements of the frequency comb, limited by the noise in the measurement itself.
Rodent Sound Localization and Spatial Hearing

Sound localization and directional hearing are fundamental for rodents to successfully navigate their environment, detect predators and prey, and locate conspecifics. In this chapter, the cues available to rodents for localizing and discriminating sounds in space are reviewed, including interaural level and timing differences and spectral cues. The neural circuits supporting sound localization are also introduced. Sound localization acuity and directional hearing behavior in azimuth and elevation that have been measured in terrestrial and subterranean rodent species are compared. Due to the limited scope of behavioral testing performed in most rodent species to date, binaural evoked potential studies that have been used to probe directional hearing in rodents are also considered as an alternative to labor-intensive behavioral measures. Finally, the trends observed across species are summarized and areas for future study are suggested.
Getting In by Being Out

Here, I describe my path to becoming an ethnographer of LGBTQ people. This includes their experiences with crime, gangs, violence, and victimization, as well as their identities and interactions with others. My academic pursuits began with my interest in others’ lives, particularly those of my peers, and were spurred by my involvement in LGBTQ advocacy that I began as a teenager. I focus on my queer identity, shared with research participants, which has helped facilitate my access, developing trust and rapport, and ability to gather rich and compelling data. Considering issues critical to ethnography such as being reflexive, discussing your social position in relation to participants, and the inductive process, I discuss how to conduct ethical but rigorous studies. Finally, I reflect on the unique opportunities, and potential pitfalls, that students and scholars involved in qualitative methods can look forward to, especially if their academic interests are well defined.
Characterization and Performance Evaluation of the State-of-the-Art 3.3 kV 30 A Full-SiC MOSFETs

With their intrinsic superiorities such as high breakdown electric field and high thermal conductivity, the silicon carbide (SiC) mosfet s are replacing traditional Si insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBTs) in power electronics applications. However, at higher voltages, SiC mosfet s are at early stages of development and are not commercialized yet. This paper presents thorough static and dynamic performance characterization of 3.3 kV and 30 A discrete full-SiC mosfet s. The devices under test are noncommercialized samples from Sumitomo Electric Industries, Japan. A complete static characterization is performed on the devices under test from 25 up to 150 °C to reveal their characteristics and their dependency on temperature. Also, for dynamic tests, a double-pulse tester with a high-performance gate driver circuit is designed, and tests are performed at 25, 100, and 150 °C. Key characteristics such as on -resistance and switching losses are compared to those of a Si IGBT with similar voltage and current rating in order to assess advantages of SiC mosfet s over existing Si semiconductors. Following static and dynamic characterizations, the performance of the devices is evaluated in a boost converter topology, and the results are compared to that of Si IGBTs. The evaluation results reveal significant superiority for SiC mosfet s in terms of efficiency, maximum possible switching frequency, and system power density.
Safety and efficacy of a urine alkalinization protocol developed for high-dose methotrexate patients during intravenous bicarbonate shortage:

PurposeUrinary alkalinization with intravenous sodium bicarbonate is standard during high-dose methotrexate administration. Due to a national intravenous sodium bicarbonate shortage, a urinary alka...
Temporal induction of intestinal epithelial hypoxia-inducible factor-2α is sufficient to drive colitis.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease of the intestinal tract. Hypoxia and activation of its downstream transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1...
Management of asthma COPD overlap.

Abstract Objective To review the latest literature on management approaches to patients with asthma chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO). Data Sources Studies and reports were identified from the databases of PubMed/Medline and ClinicalTrials.gov from the US National Institutes of Health and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials. Study Selections Studies on the management of asthma, COPD, and ACO were included in this review. Results Patients with asthma COPD overlap tend to have greater morbidity than those with asthma or COPD alone, but the information on the best therapeutic approach to this group of patients is still limited. Current treatment recommendations rely on expert opinions, roundtable discussions, and strategy documents, because most clinical studies in asthma and COPD have excluded patients with ACO. Because of the potential risk described in patients with asthma with the use of long-acting 2 agonist monotherapy, initial therapy for patients with ACO is recommended to include a long-acting bronchodilator in conjunction with inhaled corticosteroids. Long-acting muscarinic antagonists are effective in both asthma and COPD and should be considered in ACO as an add-on treatment. If inhaler therapy is not effective, advanced therapies based on phenotyping and identification of treatable traits may be considered. Conclusion Few studies have evaluated prospectively therapies in the ACO population, and future studies need to determine best strategies for the treatment of these patients, focusing on targeting its different phenotypes and its treatable traits.