cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new three-terminal switching device

A new switching device has been conceived and reduced to practice. This device is a once-programmable three-terminal fuse (TTF) with an on-resistance of a good metallic conductor and an off-resistance which is essentially infinite. In the new structure the fusible circuit path is fully isolated from a control electrode both before and after programming. We discuss the basic concept of the TTF and highlight some of its possible applications. >
Social Evolution and the Future of World Society

The idea of world society implies a fully articulated complex culture and consciousness. This has been emerging on a global scale, but the old world-system of multiple cultures continues to exist at the same time that a global culture is in formation. This article discusses the historical evolution of world orders, the coming dark age of deglobalization and the potential for the eventual emergence of a collectively rational and democratic global commonwealth.
Sex Offender Residential Mobility and Relegation: The Collateral Consequences Continue

Prior research (see American Journal of Criminal Justice 30 (2), 177–192, 2006a) examined the residential locations and mobility of registered sex offenders and showed a common movement into increasingly socially disorganized neighborhoods after 5 years of registration. The present study examines whether or not this downward spiral continues for these sex offenders 10 years later. We examined 212 registrants from the original study and found that since their original arrest 38 % of the registrants have moved into a more socially disorganized neighborhood than their previous address. The only variable found to influence the likelihood of move to a more socially disorganized neighborhood is race, with minority sex offenders most affected. The findings suggest that the collateral consequences of sex offender policies have long-term deleterious effects on housing for sex offenders.
Environmental responsibilities in ELT: a response to Peter Gyulay

Readers respond is a forum for individuals to contribute their own reactions, perspectives, or experiences in relation to a specific article or articles published in a recent issue of ELT Journal. These views are not necessarily those of the Editor, the Editorial Panel, or the Publisher.
Research and Realization of Human Resource Management

In order to improve the efficiency and decision-making capability of human resource management,State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) starts the overall construction of human resource management in the period of "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" and achieves good results.Unified management criterion of basic human resource information for the whole company is established.Using human resource management and control module,the management of information of 1.53 million people covering levels of headquarter,province,city and county is realized.ERP-HR module helps to manage the basic human resource business.Aided decision making module provide effective management,control and decision-making supporting tools to promote the transition from traditional personnel management to human resource management.This paper illustrates the system architecture of human resource management business from four aspects:operation structure,application structure,data structure and technical structure.
A wide bandgap device based multilevel switched-capacitor converter

This paper presents a new bidirectional multilevel modular switched-capacitor dc-dc converter for high voltage and high conversion ratio application with low capacitor voltage rating. For the high voltage and high conversion ratio application, high voltage capacitor with good performance will not be available either, like the switching devices. For the traditional multilevel modular switched-capacitor dc-dc converter (MMSCC), the switching devices maximum voltage rating is low, but the capacitor voltage rating increases linearly as the conversion ratio increases. Compared with the linear increasing capacitor voltage stress like MMSCC, the proposed circuit maximum capacitor voltage stress is only twice of the low input side voltage. Besides, the proposed circuit also inherits all the good features from the traditional MMSCC, like modular structure, simple control strategy, low device conduction loss, and soft switching. Therefore, it is possible to build a high voltage and high conversion ratio switched-capacitor dc-dc converter with low voltage rating switching device and capacitors to achieve high power density, high efficiency.
Children who have special health-care needs: ethical issues.

1. Alex Okun, MD* 1. *Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY. Nearly one in five children in the United States has special health-care needs, including chronic medical conditions and developmental disabilities that require care well beyond the needs of children who are developing typically and are in good health. For a minority of such children, these needs are multiple and complex, requiring significant help from health professionals and the use of medical technology in the home. Raising and caring for children who have special health-care needs (CSHCN) require substantial time, knowledge, and commitment on the part of families and professionals alike, as well as willingness to grapple with unique and complex ethical issues. Many of the topics in bioethics that the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) (1) has determined that its diplomates should master are germane to the care of CSHCN. These issues include decision-making in special medical circumstances regarding critical care, the limiting of nonbeneficial interventions toward the end of life, the pediatrician's role in allocation of health-care resources, and the patient-parent-pediatrician relationship and other subtopics in professionalism. The Section on Bioethics of the ABP offers an extensive annotated bibliography. (2) ### Duties and Obligations The duties and obligations of families to care for CSHCN dominate their day-to-day responsibilities. Their efforts can lead to triumphs that bring pleasure to the entire family and at other times can be so burdensome as to reach crisis proportions. Despite the support they receive from an array of community-based services, personnel, and technological advances, families find that the responsibilities of raising CSHCN at home far exceed those associated with raising typically developing, healthy children. (3) The enormity of such obligations may constrain families' capacity to nurture their children as …
The CO chondrites: Major recent Antarctic finds, their thermal and radiation history, and describing the metamorphic history of members of the class

Abstract Thermoluminescence (TL) properties of 29 CO chondrites from the Miller Range (MIL) and five chondrites from the Dominion Range (DOM) have been measured. MIL has a relatively strong natural TL signal (19.6 ± 14.7 krad), while some of the DOM samples have a very weak natural TL signal (
Adaptive Self Refresh Scheme for Battery Operated High-Density Mobile DRAM Applications

Self refresh current in modern DRAMs is becoming more difficult problem to handle because the decreasing cell transistor size has a negative effect on the uniformity of capacitor charge. In order to solve this issue, adaptive self refresh(ASR) scheme has been developed. A dual period based refresh is performed in the ASR scheme to reduce power dissipation using row register information. The row register information is adaptively modified according to the cell data retention characteristics. When DRAM enters self refresh mode, only the rows which were activated for write are tested using internal refresh test circuits. The test results are used to choose the appropriate period for the dual period base self refresh operation. This paper demonstrates 512M mobile SDRAM utilizing this adaptive self refresh(ASR) capability to minimize standby power to 150 uA @85degC while maintaining chip area of the conventional scheme using the same process technology.
Visual-perceptual mismatch in robotic surgery.

The principal objective of the experiment was to analyze the effects of the clutch operation of robotic surgical systems on the performance of the operator. The relative coordinate system introduced by the clutch operation can introduce a visual–perceptual mismatch which can potentially have negative impact on a surgeon’s performance. We also assess the impact of the introduction of additional tactile sensory information on reducing the impact of visual–perceptual mismatch on the performance of the operator. We asked 45 novice subjects to complete peg transfers using the da Vinci IS 1200 system with grasper-mounted, normal force sensors. The task involves picking up a peg with one of the robotic arms, passing it to the other arm, and then placing it on the opposite side of the view. Subjects were divided into three groups: aligned group (no mismatch), the misaligned group (10 cm z axis mismatch), and the haptics-misaligned group (haptic feedback and z axis mismatch). Each subject performed the task five times, during which the grip force, time of completion, and number of faults were recorded. Compared to the subjects that performed the tasks using a properly aligned controller/arm configuration, subjects with a single-axis misalignment showed significantly more peg drops (p = 0.011) and longer time to completion (p < 0.001). Additionally, it was observed that addition of tactile feedback helps reduce the negative effects of visual–perceptual mismatch in some cases. Grip force data recorded from grasper-mounted sensors showed no difference between the different groups. The visual–perceptual mismatch created by the misalignment of the robotic controls relative to the robotic arms has a negative impact on the operator of a robotic surgical system. Introduction of other sensory information and haptic feedback systems can help in potentially reducing this effect.
Landscape-scale quantification of fire-induced change in canopy cover following mountain pine beetle outbreak and timber harvest

Abstract Across the western United States, the three primary drivers of tree mortality and carbon balance are bark beetles, timber harvest, and wildfire. While these agents of forest change frequently overlap, uncertainty remains regarding their interactions and influence on specific subsequent fire effects such as change in canopy cover. Acquisition of pre- and post-fire Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data on the 2012 Pole Creek Fire in central Oregon provided an opportunity to isolate and quantify fire effects coincident with specific agents of change. This study characterizes the influence of pre-fire mountain pine beetle (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae) and timber harvest disturbances on LiDAR-estimated change in canopy cover. Observed canopy loss from fire was greater (higher severity) in areas experiencing pre-fire MPB (Δ 18.8%CC) than fire-only (Δ 11.1%CC). Additionally, increasing MPB intensity was directly related to greater canopy loss. Canopy loss was lower for all areas of pre-fire timber harvest (Δ 3.9%CC) than for fire-only, but among harvested areas, the greatest change was observed in the oldest treatments and the most intensive treatments [i.e., stand clearcut (Δ 5.0%CC) and combination of shelterwood establishment cuts and shelterwood removal cuts (Δ 7.7%CC)]. These results highlight the importance of accounting for and understanding the impact of pre-fire agents of change such as MPB and timber harvest on subsequent fire effects in land management planning. This work also demonstrates the utility of multi-temporal LiDAR as a tool for quantifying these landscape-scale interactions.
African Biblical Studies: An Introduction to an Emerging Discipline:

African Biblical Studies (ABS) can be characterized both as innovative and reactionary: Innovative, because it refuses to be confined by the methodologies, ancient concerns, and principles that gov...
Cultural heritage, sustainable development, and the impacts of craft breweries in Pennsylvania

Abstract Craft breweries are growing in Pennsylvania, and they are impacting the cultural landscape. The reinvention of the urban landscape, and the cultural heritage that is being preserved, is presented in this study through examining the location of 156 breweries in Pennsylvania and their reuse of pre-existing buildings. Several are located in buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and others have renovated unique buildings that create distinct characteristics in their establishments and local communities. One-third of the state's breweries are revitalizing “Main Street” and are supporting local downtowns, strengthening local economies and avoiding suburban, cookie-cutter development. In the larger cities such as Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, revival of old warehouses and industrial buildings, from the mid-1800s through early 1900s, is renovating and promoting new life in areas that would otherwise be in decline. In addition, breweries preserve intangible culture by reiterating local legends and pass stories along to consumers in a family-dining atmosphere through the names of their beer and food items.
A novel ceftazidime/avibactam, rifabutin, tedizolid and moxifloxacin (CARTM) regimen for pulmonary Mycobacterium avium disease.

Objectives To compare the efficacy of ceftazidime/avibactam plus tedizolid-based combination regimens with the standard therapy of azithromycin, ethambutol and rifabutin for the treatment of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease. Methods We mimicked the human pulmonary concentration-time profiles of ceftazidime/avibactam and tedizolid in combination, ceftazidime/avibactam, rifabutin, tedizolid and moxifloxacin (CARTM), and the standard regimen and examined microbial kill in triplicate hollow-fibre system model of intracellular pulmonary MAC (HFS-MAC) units. The tedizolid and moxifloxacin doses used were non-optimized; the tedizolid dose was that associated with bacteriostasis. Drugs were administered daily for 28 days. Each HFS-MAC was sampled in the central and peripheral compartment to ascertain that the intended drug exposures had been achieved. The peripheral compartments were sampled at regular intervals over the 28 days to quantify the burden of MAC. Results MAC-infected macrophages in the HFS-MAC achieved multi-fold higher intracellular versus extracellular concentrations of rifabutin, moxifloxacin, ceftazidime/avibactam. The non-optimized ceftazidime/avibactam plus tedizolid dual therapy held the bacterial burden at the same level as day 0 (stasis) throughout the 28 days. The standard therapy reduced the bacterial load 2 log10 cfu/mL below stasis on day 14 but started failing after that. The CARTM regimen achieved 3.2 log10 cfu/mL kill below stasis on day 21, but had started to fail by day 28. Conclusions The CARTM regimen promises to have kill rates better than standard therapy. Experiments to identify exposures of each of the four drugs associated with optimal effect in the CARTM combination are needed in order to design a short-course chemotherapy regimen.
Evidence-based decision-making on water quality in domestic water supply in Malawi, Ecuador, and Brazil

Scholars and practitioners advocate evidence-based decision-making (EBDM) because facts lead to beneficial outcomes. At the same time, EBDM to reduce risks in water quality is under-studied. We examine types of decision-making by water utilities and government agencies, and the nature and origin of evidence available to them in their work on delivering safe drinking water to households. Using qualitative content analysis, we comparatively analyze water utilities and government agencies in Malawi, Ecuador, and Brazil. The results show that the water utilities perform combinations of decision-making types on water quality such as implementation, intelligence-gathering, and evaluation and choice, while government agencies perform more intelligence gathering. Sources and types of information are mainly water consumers, guidelines for water quality standards, and self-monitoring from water utilities. The analysis is useful in establishing a foundation for developing evidence-based management within water supply services, and potentially other water resources management activities.
Bonhoeffer and the Benedict Option: The Mission of Monasticism in a Post-Christian World

This article brings Bonhoeffer into conversation with the Benedict Option in order to analyse the inner logic of neo-monasticism. Both contend that missional faithfulness in a post-Christian context requires the church to abandon the pursuit of power, a task that lies at the heart of the neo-monastic posture. But Bonhoeffer does so while remaining alert to the great temptation of monasticism. The temptation is not merely that the church becomes sectarian. The more serious problem has to do with the way the church’s separation from culture is theologically construed. This article suggests that whereas the Benedict Option is grounded in a Christ-idea, Bonhoeffer’s neo-monasticism is grounded in Christ himself. The temptation, in other words, is that ideology becomes confused with Christology. Following Bonhoeffer, this article claims that confusion on this point risks embroiling the church in the very power games that neo-monasticism attempts to avoid. Whereas ideologically grounded neo-monasticism must confront the world in the mode of conflict, Christologically grounded neo-monasticism is free from the temptation of power, and from this posture authentic witness becomes possible.
Translation and cultural adaptation of the US National Cancer Institute's patient-reported outcome (PRO) version of the CTCAE for Italian pediatric oncology populations.

Abstract Purpose This study intends to translate and make any necessary cultural adaptations of the Pediatric PRO-CTCAE version for Italian oncological patients aged 7–18 years and their caregivers. Methods The questionnaire has been forward/backward translated into Italian and subjected to detailed verification by fluent Italian speakers, children and their parents, for use in clinical trials in Italian populations. The Italian version includes 130 questions that assess 62 symptoms. To verify the patients' comprehension some interviews were completed with 24 oncological children and adolescents in different age groups and 24 parents (Mage = 41.2). Caregivers were interviewed independently. Results A final Italian version of the Pediatric PRO-CTCAE was produced. Across the age range, most patients and caregivers were able to understand and answer the questions. The 7–9 years old had greater challenges completing two terms which were retested in a second round of interviews. There were no comprehension differences on the basis of trials enrollment phase. Conclusions The translation and adaptation of the Pediatric PRO-CTCAE confirms that this instrument is also suitable for assessing symptom toxicities among Italian cancer patients. Its rapid integration into care pathways is necessary to guarantee an early response to patient symptoms and to facilitate drug tolerability assessment.
Angiogenesis and angiogenesis inhibition: an overview.

The study of angiogenesis attracts investigators from many different fields who find that regulation of blood vessel growth underlies a wide spectrum of biologic processes. These include reproduction, development, repair, angiogenic diseases, and cancer (Folkman, 1995).
A U1 snRNA:pre-mRNA base pairing interaction is required early in yeast spliceosome assembly but does not uniquely define the 5' cleavage site.

Abstract We analyzed the effects of suppressor mutations in the U1 snRNA (SNR19) gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the splicing of mutant pre-mRNA substrates. The results indicate that pairing between U1 snRNA and the highly conserved position 5 (GTATGT) of the intron occurs early in spliceosome assembly in vitro. This pairing is important for efficient splicing both in vitro and in vivo. However, pairing at position 5 does not appear to influence 5' splice site selection in vivo, indicating that the previously described U1 snRNA:5' splice junction base pairing interaction is not sufficient to define the 5' cleavage site.
Risk Factors for Indeterminate Outcome on Interferon Gamma Release Assay in Non-US-Born Persons Screened for Latent Tuberculosis Infection.

Background Non-US-born individuals account for the majority of active tuberculosis (TB) in the United States. Interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) is the preferred diagnostic test for latent TB but can produce an indeterminate result. We investigated the prevalence and predictors of an indeterminate IGRA (IND-IGRA) in a diverse cohort of non-US-born individuals and evaluated outcomes after IND-IGRA. Methods We identified patient age ≥18 years who had an outpatient IGRA between 2010 and 2017 in our health system and whose primary language was not English. We used univariate and multivariable logistic regression to examine the association of IND-IGRA with a variety of clinical factors. Results Of 3128 outpatients with ≥1 IGRA done, 33% were Asian, 30% Hispanic, and 29% black; 44% were men, and the median age was 50 years. An initial IND-IGRA occurred in 118 (3.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1%-4.5%); notably, Asian race (55%) and rheumatologic conditions (25%) were prevalent in this group. In multivariable analysis, Asian race was independently associated with IND-IGRA (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.9; 95% CI, 1.9-4.3), in addition to the presence of anemia and hypoalbuminemia (aOR for interaction, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.3-14.3). Only 55% of patients with an initial IND-IGRA underwent repeat testing; of those who did, 66% had a determinate result. Conclusions Asian race and anemia/hypoalbuminemia were independent risk factors for an indeterminate IGRA outcome in foreign-born patients screened in the United States. Our study underscores the importance of following through on indeterminate results in these key subgroups.
Abstract 3470: Ibrutinib and sorafenib synergistically inhibit HCC growth in preclinical models

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second major cause of cancer-related death worldwide with limit therapeutic options. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel alternative therapies for HCC. In this study, we report that ibrutinib, recently approved for the treatment of B cell malignancies, and a covalent inhibitor of TEC (BTK, ITK etc.) and ERBB (EGFR, Her2 etc.) family of tyrosine kinases, inhibits tumorigenic functions of human HCC cells in vitro and in xenografts. More importantly, co-treatment with ibrutinib and sorafenib, an approved targeted therapy for advanced HCCs that marginally improve patients9 survival, synergistically inhibited proliferation and clonogenic survival of HCC cells including those with acquired sorafenib resistance. Mechanistically, ibrutinib inhibits Akt and ERK signaling pathways through inactivating EGFR, its irreversible substrate in HCC cells. Besides, tumor sphere formation and expression of cancer stem cell markers were suppressed by ibrutinib and sorafenib co-treatment in HCC cells. Ectopic expression of the constitutively active Akt mutant abrogated the synergism of these two kinase inhibitors on HCC cell survival. Ibrutinib and sorafenib combination therapy significantly suppressed tumor growth of highly aggressive HCCLM3 subcutaneous xenografts in NSG mice. Collectively, these results demonstrate that ibrutinib could be a re-purposed anti-HCC drug, and our data provides the evidence for the therapeutic potential of ibrutinib and sorafenib combination as an effective and attractive strategy for treating HCCs including those with sorafenib resistance. Citation Format: Kalpana Ghoshal, Cho-hao Lin, Khadija Elkholy, Nissar A. Wani, Ding Li, Juan M. Barajas, Peng Hu, Xiaoli Zhang, Lianbo Yu, Tasneem Motiwala. Ibrutinib and sorafenib synergistically inhibit HCC growth in preclinical models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3470.
(314) Doctor-Patient Racial/Ethnic Concordance Predicts Pain: Evidence from Simulated Clinical Interactions

Racial/ethnic minorities in the US and other countries have been found to report higher levels of both clinical and experimental pain, yet are frequently undertreated for their pain. Although racial/ethnic group differences in pain report are well-documented, the underlying causes of these pain report disparities remain largely unknown. Following a prior study we conducted on the effect of clinician-patient group concordance on pain report using lab-created groups, in the present study we investigated the role of doctor-patient racial/ethnic concordance in predicting patient pain. We report a preliminary analysis of a sample of 70 patient participants and 11 doctor participants drawn from a larger study. Participants were assigned to either a racial/ethnic concordant or discordant simulated clinical interaction. During each interaction, the doctor assessed the medical history and vital signs of the patient and then administered a series of painful heat stimulations to the patient's forearm as an analogue of a painful medical procedure. As hypothesized, we found a direct effect of racial/ethnic concordance on patient pain report. Contrary to our prediction, we found that patients reported greater pain when paired with a racially/ethnically concordant—rather than discordant—doctor. We also found that patients rated racially/ethnically discordant doctors as greater in trust and self-similarity than concordant doctors. Our results demonstrate that the effects of racial/ethnic concordance may go deeper than patient satisfaction to influence the more direct health outcome of pain. The results of our study provide evidence that interventions aimed at improving patient feelings of trust and self-similarity toward their doctor may help reduce persistent racial/ethnic disparities in pain report. In addition, our results suggest that continued efforts to increase racial and ethnic diversity in the physician workforce may help mitigate racial/ethnic disparities in pain report.
Association between polypharmacy and health-related quality of life among cancer survivors in the United States.

Polypharmacy (PP) is present in many cancer survivors and may lead to lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The study’s objective was to evaluate the association between PP and HRQoL among cancer survivors in the US. A cross-sectional analysis of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) was conducted. Our analytic sample included all adult patients with cancer, during even years 2008–2014. PP was defined as reported use of five or more unique therapeutic classes of prescription medications. The MEPS measured HRQoL using the Short Form 12-Item Health Survey Version 2 (SF-12v2) physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores. Ordinary least squares regressions were used to assess associations between PP and HRQoL controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors. PP was prevalent among 44.4% of 10.1 million cancer survivors per calendar year (on average) for years 2008, 2010, 2012, and 2014. The mean adjusted PCS score for cancer survivors with PP was 35.8 points, which was significantly lower compared with cancer survivors without PP (39.5) by 3.7 points (p value < .0001). Conversely, the mean adjusted MCS scores were not significantly lower in cancer survivors with PP compared with cancer survivors without PP (44.9 versus 45.4, p value = 0.3145). PP was prevalent in 44.4% of cancer survivors and was associated with significantly poorer physical HRQoL than reported in their counterparts without PP. PP should be examined closely among cancer survivors because of increased association with poorer physical HRQoL.
Not Sick: Liberal, Trans, and Crip Feminist Critiques of Medicalization

Medicalization occurs when an aspect of embodied humanity is scrutinized by the medical industry, claimed as pathological, and subsumed under medical intervention. Numerous critiques of medicalization appear in academic literature, often put forth by bioethicists who use a variety of "lenses" to make their case. Feminist critiques of medicalization raise the concerns of the politically disenfranchised, thus seeking to protect women-particularly natal sex women-from medical exploitation. This article will focus on three feminist critiques of medicalization, which offer an alternative narrative of sickness and health. I will first briefly describe the philosophical origins of medicalization. Then, I will present three feminist critiques of medicalization. Liberal feminism, trans feminism, and crip feminism tend to regard Western medicine with a hermeneutics of suspicion and draw out potential harms of medicalization of reproductive sexuality, gender, and disability, respectively. While neither these branches of feminism-nor their critiques-are homogenous, they provide much-needed commentaries on phallocentric medicine. I will conclude the paper by arguing for the continual need for feminist critiques of medicalization, using uterus transplantation as a relevant case study.
Vitamin C in surgical sepsis.

Purpose of review The current review discusses the supplemental use of vitamin C as an adjunct in the management of sepsis and septic shock. Recent findings The antioxidant properties of vitamin C are touted to be useful in modulating the inflammatory response, decreasing vasopressor requirements, and improving resuscitation. Current resuscitation practices are focused on addressing the hemodynamic instability and ensuring adequate oxygen delivery to tissues. The conceptual framework of the use of vitamin C during a resuscitation is to modulate in a beneficial fashion the inflammatory response to sepsis while concomitantly resuscitating and treating the infection. While there is promising animal and burn-related data on improved fluid resuscitation with the use of vitamin C as an adjunct, the most recent meta-analyses of the available data fail to show a survival benefit in sepsis, and concerns regarding nephrotoxicity remain. Summary Although there are large number of animal studies, only a few small prospective and retrospective studies in humans address the use of vitamin C to treat sepsis. Further research in a controlled and randomized fashion is needed to determine if vitamin C is effective in this role. While there is a promise of ascorbate's addition to the sepsis bundle as an adjunct to resuscitation, the evidence is not conclusive.
Facilitated adaptation for conservation – Can gene editing save Hawaii's endangered birds from climate driven avian malaria?

Abstract Avian malaria has played a significant role in causing extinctions, population declines, and limiting the elevational distribution of Hawaiian honeycreepers. Most threatened and endangered honeycreepers only exist in high-elevation forests where the risk of malaria infection is limited. Because Culex mosquito vectors and avian malaria dynamics are strongly influenced by temperature and rainfall, future climate change is predicted to expand malaria infection to high-elevation forests and intensify malaria infection at lower elevations, likely resulting in future extinctions and loss of avian biodiversity in Hawaii. Novel, landscape-level mosquito control strategies are promising, but are logistically challenging and require costly long-term efforts. As an alternative or supplemental strategy, we evaluated the potential of releasing a gene-edited malaria-resistant honeycreeper (Iiwi, Drepanis coccinea) in Hawaiian rainforests; a strategy known as facilitated adaptation. While this approach also has significant technical challenges and costs, it may offer a more permanent solution to increasing malaria threats. If malaria-resistant honeycreepers can be developed, facilitated adaptation may provide a practical strategy for the reestablishment of abundant avian populations in Hawaiian forests. A successful strategy could be the release of malaria-resistant Iiwi in mid-elevation forests where development of a resistant population has the best chance of success. Establishment of a resistant Iiwi population could provide a source for dispersal and development of resistant populations in high-elevation forests and a permanent source of resistant individuals for translocation to other vulnerable areas.
"If It Wasn't My Race, It Was Other Things Like Being a Woman, or My Disability": A Qualitative Research Synthesis of Disability Research

This Qualitative Research Synthesis (QRS) explored how K-16 students of color make meaning of their disability labels and negotiate the prevailing dominant ideologies surrounding dis/ability labels, race, gender, and other forms of identity. Scholars in Disability Studies in Education (DSE) have explored critical connections between Disability Studies (DS) and Critical Race Theory (CRT) (Annamma, Connor & Ferri, 2013; Erevelles, Kanga & Middleton, 2006). This study identified such critical connections by synthesizing 13 qualitative studies from 2006-2018 and explored the lived experiences of students of color labeled with disabilities. Our goal for this QRS was to advance the theoretical work in DSE through a synthesis of qualitative literature within the field. QRS is a methodologically rigorous approach that "uses qualitative methods to analyze, synthesize, and (re)interpret the results from [existing] qualitative studies" (Major & Savin-Baden, 2010, p. 10). We employed a resistance theory of disability at the intersections (Gabel & Peters, 2004; Giroux, 1983a, 1983b), that foregrounded the psycho-emotional disablism model of disability (Thomas, 1999), to recognize that students' acts of resistance directly relate to systematic oppression within the education system. Findings from our second order thematic analysis suggest that students identified disability labels as an assigned identity, which limited their educational opportunities and left a psychological and emotional impact on their well-being. However, students also used multiple strategies and acts of resistance to negotiate the stereotypical master narratives surrounding their intersectional identities. Through a timely methodological and conceptual counter-narrative of its own within educational equity research, our QRS contributes to theory, research, and praxis, with implications for a more humane and just education system for all students.
Not all fibroblasts are equal in cancer

The ratio of two cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations with distinct functions affects breast cancer clinical outcomes.
$k$-Variance: A Clustered Notion of Variance

We introduce $k$-variance, a generalization of variance built on the machinery of random bipartite matchings. $K$-variance measures the expected cost of matching two sets of $k$ samples from a distribution to each other, capturing local rather than global information about a measure as $k$ increases; it is easily approximated stochastically using sampling and linear programming. In addition to defining $k$-variance and proving its basic properties, we provide in-depth analysis of this quantity in several key cases, including one-dimensional measures, clustered measures, and measures concentrated on low-dimensional subsets of $\mathbb R^n$. We conclude with experiments and open problems motivated by this new way to summarize distributional shape.
SUFFICIENTLY SMALL $\bar\theta$inSU(3)3 × S3 UNIFICATION MODEL

Since CP violation in weak decays is successfully described by the KM mechanism, the strong CP problem cannot be easily accommodated. This leads us to reconsider the issue. If the axion and massless up quark are abandoned, we must extend the standard model. Extension to SU(3)3 × S3 unification leads to the following situation: if CP is a high-energy symmetry and the appropriate symmetry-breaking hierarchy of scales is in place, then the parameter of the QCD sub-theory is guaranteed to be sufficiently small. We find while the empirical limit from the neutron electric dipole moment requires only that .
Exercise Dose and Aerobic Fitness Response in Alzheimer's Dementia in the FIT-AD Trial.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 6-month cycling aerobic exercise intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness and the dose-response relationship in community-dwelling older adults with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's dementia. The FIT-AD trial was a single blind, 2-parallel group, pilot randomized controlled trial. The aerobic exercise group participated in a 6-month, thrice weekly, moderate-vigorous intensity cycling intervention while control group performed stretching. Cardiorespiratory fitness was evaluated by peak oxygen consumption from cardiopulmonary exercise test and peak walking distance from the shuttle walk test and 6-minute walk test. Aerobic exercise dose was calculated using the novel heart rate physical activity score. The aerobic exercise group significantly increased peak oxygen consumption (1.28 ml/kg/min; p=.03) in subgroup who achieved maximal criteria on cardiopulmonary exercise test. Changes in peak oxygen consumption and peak walking distance on the shuttle walk and 6-minute walk tests did not significantly differ between aerobic exercise and stretching groups. Notably, the aerobic exercise dose was strongly and significantly correlated to change in peak oxygen consumption (r=.60; n=16; p=.01), in subset who met maximal test criteria. Emphasis on exercise dose is needed in aerobic exercise programs to maximize cardiorespiratory fitness gains in persons with mild-moderate Alzheimer's dementia.
Advanced Solid State Physics: Electrons at strong coupling: Mottness

Prior to 1986, research on strongly interacting electron systems was a fringe subject in solid state physics. The discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in the copperoxide ceramics changed this perception radically. The reason is simple. Undoped, the copper-oxide materials contain a partially filled d -band of electrons (A1987). Band theory tells us that partially filled bands conduct. However, the undoped cuprates are extremely good insulators. Although they become conducting after they are doped, they exhibit spectral weight redistributions over large energy scales that cannot be understood within the traditional theory of metals. It is this failure of band theory to predict insulating states in certain half-filled bands that Mott addressed in 1949 (M1949). Mott's analysis grew out of his study of NiO which contains two unpaire d electrons per unit cell but insulates nonetheless. Similar insulating states are found in most transitionmetal oxides, most notably VO 2 and V 2 O 3 . Since band theory failed, Mott zeroed in on the electron correlations as the root cause of the insulating state in NiO. This line of inquiry has yielded some of the most subtle results and enigmatic problems in solid state physics. It is the physics of the Mott state and how it plays out in the cuprates and other systems that we describe in this chapter. Any problem in solid state physics can be said to be solved once one has isolated the propagating degrees of freedom. These are the excitations that make the Lagrangian quadratic and give rise to pole-like singularities in the single-particle Green function.
Growth, Regeneration, Cell Recognition, Perspective on Cell Differentiation

The subject of sponge development is especially complex due to the multiplicity of systems capable of establishing a functional animal. The following, naturally occurring processes are known to lead to the development of a animal possessing a functional canal system: larval metamorphosis, the differentiation of regressed tissue, budding, and the hatching of gemmules. These processes result in the formation of a new (but morphologically immature), functional animal and have been treated in earlier chapters (Chaps. 7, 8). In addition to them, four aspects of growth can be recognized; one of which (initiative growth) can lead to the establishment of a number of additional canal system units in the same animal and consequently to what has been classically referred to as colonialism (Hartman and Reiswig, 1973; Simpson, 1973). Finally, studies of experimental regeneration, encompassing questions of cell recognition, can be separately treated and involve the manipulation of adult tissue including the reaggregation of dissociated cells, explantation (cuttings), transplantation (grafting) of tissue, parabiosis and tissue ablation.
Microsomal metabolism on benzo(a)pyrene. Multiple effects of epoxide hydrase inhibitors.

Abstract The metabolism of benzo( a )pyrene (BP) by rat liver microsomes has been examined in the presence of competitive (styrene oxide), uncompetitive (3,3,3-trichloropropene oxide, TCPO), and noncompetitive (cyclohexene oxide) inhibitors of arene oxide (AO) hydrase. Formation of BP-dihydrodiols was inhibited selectively, with 9,10-dihydrodiol at the lowest inhibitor concentration, and then 7,8- and 4,5-dihydrodiols were decreased at higher inhibitor concentrations. Increased levels of 9-phenol, 7-phenol, and 4,5-oxide appeared selectively in the same order. Appearance of these alternate products did not quantitatively compensate for the loss of dihydrodiols so that there was a net loss of oxidation products. A 1000-fold increase in the concentration of TCPO did not further inhibit BP oxidation. Formation of quinones and 3-phenol was completely unaffected by the inhibitors. The limiting decrease in BP oxidation products was the same for each inhibitor and was greater for 3-methylcholanthrene-induced microsomes (25–30%) than for phenobarbital-induced microsomes (15–20%), which produced a smaller proportion of dihydrodiols. Several mechanisms for this specific loss of oxide-derived reaction products have been considered. BP-oxidation products, particularly 9-phenol, significantly inhibit BP oxidation; however, this inhibition is nonspecific in that 3-phenol, quinones, and oxide-derived products are all decreased. 9-Phenol was far more effective as an inhibitor than as a substrate. Glutathione conjugation of oxides due to cytosolic contamination was excluded by virtue of the near absence of water-soluble products. Reduction of 4,5-oxide occurred, in the absence of oxygen, at a rate which was about half the rate of BP monooxygenation, but this rate decreased 75-fold in the presence of air. Enhanced reduction of BP-oxides in the presence of hydrase inhibitors can explain the action of these inhibitors on BP oxidation if the reduction of microsomally generated 4,5-oxide is several times faster than reduction of added 4,5-oxide. The selective effect of hydrase inhibitors on different dihydrodiols can be attributed to differences in the relative stabilities of the intermediate oxides. The formation of 4,5-dihydrodiol from BP is relatively insensitive to hydrase inhibitors in comparison to the hydration of added 4,5-oxide; this results from the rate-determining monooxygenation step.
Energy Densities of Exchange and Correlation in the Slowly Varying Region of the Airy Gas

In Kohn–Sham theory, where the integrated exchange and correlation energies are functionals of the electron density, several recent approximate functionals make use of the energy densities of exchange and correlation for nonuniform reference systems or of exchange for the real system of interest. A relevant case in which to examine these energy densities is the Airy gas. Here we evaluate the conventional exact-exchange energy density from the occupied orbitals, and the conventional correlation energy density within the random phase approximation using the occupied and unoccupied orbitals. We find, as expected, that the exchange energy density in the region of slowly varying electron density demonstrates a mostly negative small correction to the local density approximation (LDA) but has no second-order density-gradient expansion (although the integrated exchange energy of a finite system has one). We also find, as expected, that the exchange-correlation energy density demonstrates a positive small correction to the LDA in the region of high and slowly varying electron density. It too appears to have no second-order density-gradient expansion. An appendix shows that a slowly varying density, scaled uniformly to the high-density limit in which exchange dominates, remains slowly varying only for exchange and not for correlation.
Are atomic Hartree-Fock equations linearizable?

No generator Lo is of the required form. Therefore we have definitively established that the H-F equations (1) are not linearizable by a 1:1 transformation of the space of variables≠, ψ, ψ*, ϕ, Z = ζ-e · 21/2r, when \(\psi (\vec r)\) is invariant under rotations.
Delay time studies and electron mobility measurement in a-Si:H TFT

The time delay in the drain current response to a step in the effective drive voltage was studied as one of the key parameters in characterizing the dynamic response of an a-Si:H thin-film transistor (TFT). It was determined that the a-Si:H delay time shows a similar behavior to that observed in a Si-MOSFET, i.e. it is directly proportional to the square of the channel length and inversely proportional to the effective drive voltage. A unique value of the channel field-effect electron mobility was measured by using the delay time results in the transmission line model. In amorphous semiconductors, the conventional methods of measuring mobility are inconvenient and complicated, whereas in this method the channel mobility is obtained by measuring only the delay time and the threshold voltage. Both of these parameters are obtained through electrical measurements on TFTs and hence require no special device structures. >
Breaking Bad News in Counseling: Applying the PEWTER Model in the School Setting

Breaking bad news is a stressful experience for counselors and clients. In this article, the PEWTER (Prepare, Evaluate, Warning, Telling, Emotional Response, Regrouping) model (Nardi & Keefe-Cooperman, 2006)is used as a guide to facilitate the process of a difficult conversation and promote client growth in a school setting. In this structured creative model, communication skills are grouped in a systemic and progressive manner that can be individualized to meet client and situational needs. PEWTER addresses the multiple factors and layers that affect the counseling situation when giving life-changing news. A case example is provided that outlines each phase of the PEWTER model.
Patients with osteosarcoma with a single pulmonary nodule on computed tomography: a single-institution experience

Background/Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine if patients with osteosarcoma (OS) with metachronous metastatic pulmonary disease presenting with a single pulmonary nodule (SPN) on computed tomography (CT) were found to have other lesions at the time of thoracotomy.
Impact of androgen receptor cytosine-adenine-guanine polymorphisms on clinical outcome in BRCA mutation-associated epithelial ovarian cancers.

Abstract Purpose Androgen signaling may function in the pathobiology of epithelial ovarian cancers associated with mutations in the BRCA1 / 2 genes. Androgen receptor (AR) activity correlates inversely with length of a polymorphic cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat in exon 1. We hypothesized that AR CAG allele length is a modifier of clinical outcome in BRCA1 / 2 mutation positive women with ovarian cancer. Experimental design We identified BRCA1 / 2 ovarian cancer patients with banked serum from which we PCR amplified the CAG repeat region. We abstracted clinical and survival data, and examined CAG repeat length Result In 62 patients, 43 (69%) had BRCA1 mutations and 19 (31%) had BRCA2 mutations. Fifteen (24%) were found to have a short AR allelotype. Patients with a short AR did not demonstrate statistical differences in progression-free survival (43 months vs. 28 months for long AR) or overall survival (78 months vs. 142 months for long AR). In patients with BRCA2 mutations alone, a short AR correlated with decreased overall survival (31 months) compared to 126 months for those with a long AR ( p =0.01). Conclusions AR allelotype length did not correlate with survival in this statistically representative cohort of patients with BRCA1/2 mutations. Potential associations between short AR and outcome in BRCA2 -associated ovarian cancers remain to be determined.