cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stem cell transplant: An experience from eastern India.

Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplant using human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling or unrelated bone marrow, or related or unrelated cord blood has been performed successfully to treat patients with different types of hematological malignancies, genetic disorders and hereditary immune deficiencies. Since 1983, stem cell transplantation has been carried out in different institutes of India. But, till then, no transplantation was performed in eastern India. Materials and Methods: Our present study is reporting for the first time stem cell transplantation in eastern India. From August 2000 to June 2011 (with a 3-year gap for up-gradation), we have performed a total of 22 transplants. Thirteen patients (M:F:9:4) with indications of aplastic anemia, thalassaemia, acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia underwent allogenic transplant, whereas autologous transplant was performed for nine patients (M:F:2:1) of multiple myeloma, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and neuroblastoma. The median age of the patients was 19.6 years, with a range of 5 years 8 months to 52 years. Fourteen patients received myeloablative conditioning regime whereas eight patients received immunosuppressive and less myeloablative protocol. Sources of stem cells in case of allogenic transplant are bone marrow and related or unrelated umbilical cord blood and in case of autologous transplant, these are peripheral blood stem cells or self-bone marrow. Standard prophylactic medication was followed prior to transplants. Results: A disease-free survival of 68.18% and overall survival of 86.3% were seen at the median follow-up period of 4.6 years. Common post-transplant complications were mucositis, infection, venoocclusive disease, graft versus host disease, hemorrhagic cystitis, etc. Conclusion: The use of cord blood as a source of stem cells has been proved inferior as compared with the bone marrow stem cell source in cases of thalassaemia in our institute and thus is not recommended for thalassaemia. But, it has been proved to be a very useful and effective stem cell source (both related and unrelated cord blood) in cases of aplastic anemia and other immunological disorders.
Simultaneous water and lipid suppression for in vivo brain spectroscopy in humans.

A method to achieve simultaneous water and lipid suppression is described. The key feature of the new dual suppression technique is the use of the well-known hyperbolic secant (HS) waveform as a 90° saturation pulse. Two HS pulses with opposite frequency offsets are employed either sequentially or simultaneously to saturate resonance frequencies corresponding to water and lipid, while leaving the target spins untouched. The excitation bandwidth is controlled by the frequency sweep and offset of each pulse, while varying the pulse length controls the transition bandwidth. An example of the use of the dual saturation method in in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of the human brain is presented. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Primary surgical treatment of breast cancer

An unexpected rise in breast cancer mortality has been reported for 1984 and 1985 in white women below 50 years of age in the United States. During the preceding 10 years, there had been a progressive drop of approximately 1% in breast cancer mortality for each successive year. This recent increase in mortality occurred despite the increased use of adjuvant chemotherapy; it is most likely a direct result of the current tendency to downgrade the need for adequate primary therapy. Several recent prospective randomized studies that evaluated the relative efficacy of mastectomies of varying extent have shown a direct relationship between local control and long-term survival. They also demonstrated that specific operative procedures were most effective for the appropriate clinicopathological stage of disease. Stage I cancers can be treated effectively by modified mastectomy, but radical mastectomy is superior for control of stage II and stage III disease. Inner-quadrant cancers are most effectively managed by extended radical mastectomy, which includes excision of the internal mammary nodes. Excellent surgical technique was employed in all studies, which included observed follow-up of 10-20 years. Optimal local control and long-term survival were achieved by the appropriate operative procedure.
Dissolved organic carbon in old field soils : total amounts as a measure of available resources for soil mineralization

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and C and N mineralization were measured during a 210 day regulated in vitro incubation of soils from an old field successional sequence at Cedar Creek Natural History Area. The objective of the study was to evaluate the hypothesis that soil DOC constitutes a readily-available microbial resource, and that DOC concentrations are related to rates of biological decomposition and associated nutrient release from soil organic matter. Soils from five previously cultivated old fields undergoing secondary succession and an oak savanna were selected because they had demonstrated different patterns of C and N cycling. Although amounts of total C differed dramatically (496–1371 μmol g−1), DOC concentrations of all soils at the time of collection were between 0.70 and 1.30 μmol g−1. During the incubation, total and relative DOC concentrations generally remained constant or increased while mineralization rates decreased. When all soils and incubation intervals were considered, there was no obvious relationship between DOC and instantaneous rates of mineralization. Asymptotic exponential response curves did describe positive associations between DOC and CO2-C mineralization rates at early incubation times (R2 = 0.98 for 14 and 35 days), but not later. Similar models did not show a strong relationship between DOC and net-N mineralization rates. By the end of the incubation, the DOC pool could potentially supply 1.5–3.4 days of total C mineralization, but the instantaneous C mineralization rate at any given DOC concentration was 3–10 times lower than at 14 days. These results reflect decreased DOC utilization relative to supply, and could be caused by the accumulation of recalcitrant DOC.
Evaluation of physical processes in an idealized extratropical cyclone using adjoint sensitivity

An adjoint model is used to examine the sensitivity of an idealized dry extratropical cyclogenesis simulation to perturbations of predictive variables and parameters during the cyclone life cycle. the adjoint sensitivity indicates how small perturbations of model variables or parameters anywhere in the model domain can influence cyclone central pressure. Largest sensitivity for both temperature and wind perturbations is located between 600 and 900 hPa in the baroclinic zone above the developing cyclone. Perturbations of a given size have more influence on cyclone intensity when located in high-sensitivity regions (the middle and lower troposphere in this simulation). the effects of physical processes can be interpreted with adjoint sensitivity by considering perturbations that are proportional to temperature and wind tendencies in the basic state (nonlinear forecast). In the early phase of the cyclone life cycle, temperature advection near the steering level in the lower troposphere (about 800 hPa) is strongly cyclogenetic and resembles a Charney mode of baroclinic instability. During the phase of most rapid deepening, temperature advection in the lower troposphere remains important, while interpretation of sensitivity to wind perturbations suggests that increased vorticity in the middle and upper troposphere above the surface low-pressure centre may also be significant for cyclone intensification. Adjoint techniques can provide insight into spatial and temporal sensitivity not easily obtained from other methods. Higher sea surface temperature (SST) has a cyclogenetic effect mainly in a localized region corresponding to the cyclone warm sector. Outside the areas of high sensitivity, small perturbations of SST have very little effect on central pressure of the forecast cyclone. When strong upward sensible-heat flux, Fs, exists, it can have a cyclogenetic (preconditioning) influence early in the cyclone life cycle, although downward Fs in the cyclone warm sector is anticyclogenetic during the phase of most rapid deepening. the sensitivity indicates that Fs can be cyclogenetic in one location and anticyclogenetic at the same time in another location, so that Fs effects on cyclone intensity are partially self-cancelling. Surface momentum stress is anticyclogenetic, with sensitivity highly localized in the cyclone warm sector.
Outcomes Following Radical Cystectomy for Nested Variant of Urothelial Carcinoma: A Matched Cohort Analysis

Purpose: We evaluated oncological outcomes after radical cystectomy in patients with the nested variant of urothelial carcinoma and compared survival to that in patients with pure urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.Materials and Methods: We identified 52 patients with the nested variant who were treated with radical cystectomy between 1980 and 2004. Pathological specimens were re-reviewed by a single genitourinary pathologist. Patients were matched 1:2 by age, gender, ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) performance status, pathological tumor stage and nodal status to patients with pure urothelial carcinoma. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log rank test.Results: Patients with the nested variant had a median age of 69.5 years (IQR 62, 74) and a median postoperative followup of 10.8 years (IQR 9.3, 11.2). Nested variant cancer was associated with a high rate of adverse pathological features since 36 patients (69%) had pT3–T4 disease and 10 (19%) had nodal inv...
Perfluorooctane sulfonamide: A structurally novel uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation

Abstract The effects of sulfluramid (N-ethylperfluorooctane sulfonamide) and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (DESFA) on isolated rabbit renal cortical mitochondria (RCM) were examined. Sulfluramid (1–100 μM) and DESFA (0.5–50 μM) increased state 4 respiration of RCM respiring on pyruvate / malate or succinate in a concentration dependent manner in the absence of a phosphate acceptor. In addition, both sulfluramid and DESFA increased state 4 respiration in the presence of oligomycin, an inhibitor of F0F1-ATPase. The effects of sulfluramid (200 μM), DESFA (100 μM), and the known protonophore and uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) (1 μM), on RCM proton movement were examined directly by monitoring extramitochondrial pH and indirectly by monitoring passive mitochondrial swelling. Immediately upon addition, DESFA and FCCP, but not sulfluramid, dissipated the RCM proton gradient and caused RCM to swell in solutions of NaCl or NH4Cl. These results show that DESFA uncouples oxidative phosphorylation by acting as a protonophore. RCM were shown to metabolize sulfluramid to DESFA which suggests that the increase in state 4 respiration observed with sulfluramid is due to DESFA. DESFA is unique in that it is one of two uncouplers that does not contain a ring structure and thus may be a useful model in the study of oxidative phosphorylation.
Solid Phase Microextraction of Volatile Soybean Oil and Corn Oil Compounds

The qualitative and quantitative determination of volatile compounds in soybean and corn oils were analyzed by solid phase microextraction. Coefficients of variation and sensitivity of polydimethylsiloxane, carboxen/ polydimethylsiloxane, polyacrylate, and carbowax/divinylbenzene for hexanal analysis in soybean oil were 3.2, 4.2, 7.2, and 10.7%, and 15, 30, 20, and 10 ppb, respectively. Volatile compounds of soybean oil with peroxide value (PV) of 1 or 5 were extracted by polydimethylsiloxane at 60 °C for 60 min. The amount of volatile compounds of PV 5 soybean oil was 92% higher than the PV 1. Volatile compounds including 2,4-decadienal, 2-decenal, hexanal, and pentane were identified in soybean and corn oils by SPME-GC-MS and GC retention time. SPME was a simple, reproducible and sensitive method for the analysis of volatile compounds of vegetable oils. Les composes volatils presents dans les huiles de soja et de mais sont dosees par microextraction en phase solide. L'effet de la phase solide, de le temperature et de la duree de l'extraction et du volume de l'echantillon sur la sensibilite et l'amelioration de la methode sont observes. Les produits oxydes (valeurs de peroxyde de 1 a 5) dans les 2 huiles sont compares.
The structure of the white-light corona and the large-scale solar magnetic field

The large-scale density structure of the white-light solar corona is compared to the organization of the solar magnetic field as identified by the appearance of neutral lines in the photosphere to examine whether any consistent relationship exists between the two. During the period covering Carrington rotations 1717 to 1736 brightness enhancements in the low corona tend to lie over the global neutral sheet identified in the photospheric magnetic field. The brightest of these enhancements are associated with neutral lines throguh active regions. These associations are not 1-1, but do hold both in stable and evolving conditions of the corona. A significant number of long-lived neutral lines is found, including filaments seen in H-alpha, for which there are not coronal enhancements.
Soils with fragipans in the USA

Abstract Fragipans are dense subsurface soil layers that severely restrict water flow and root penetration. They are considered a pedogenic horizon, but their exact genesis is not well understood. In Soil Taxonomy (2010) a fragipan is defined as a layer that is at least 15 cm thick, contains a coarse structure, and is reversibly cemented. We examined 362 pedons with fragipans in the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) SSURGO database and 36 case studies in the USA from the literature. Soils with fragipans are classified primarily at the great-group but also at the subgroup level. Fragipans occur in four orders (Alfisols, Ultisols, Inceptisols, Spodosols), 10 suborders, 23 great groups, and 57 subgroups. From the NRCS database, fragipan soils have silty or loamy particle-size classes (95% of total soil series), an udic or aquic soil-moisture regime (98%), a mesic soil-temperature regime (60%), and a mixed mineralogy class (75% of total soil series). Although they occur in 28 states in the USA, the most extensive areas of soils with fragipans occur in the southern Mississippi River valley and the central and southern Appalachian Mountains. Soils with fragipans are most common east of the 97°W meridian and in forested areas where precipitation exceeds evaporation. These soils are derived from silt-rich materials, especially loess and low-lime tills (61% of total soil series) and occur primarily in lower, moderately well-drained topographic positions. The genesis of fragipans involves wetting and drying, possibly influenced by the presence of lithologic discontinuities, which lead to hydro-consolidation that causes close-packing of grains and reduces porosity. Although silica may bind clays and Fe oxides and bridge skeletal grains, this property is not recognized in the definition of the fragipan. In the conterminous USA soil mapping units containing soils with fragipans occupy 970,000 km 2 (12% of the land area).
Topical pimecrolimus in the treatment of human allergic contact dermatitis.

Background Contact dermatitis is a common clinical problem, with prevalent sensitizers being cosmetics, metals, medicines, and plants. Plants of the Toxicodendron species cause allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in 50% to 70% of the population. Pimecrolimus is an ascomycin macrolactam developed for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for atopic dermatitis. There are studies supporting the effectiveness of macrolactams when administered before antigen challenge, but there are no studies describing the effectiveness of these drugs in the treatment of established human ACD. Objectives To investigate the effect of topical pimecrolimus in the treatment of Toxicodendron -induced ACD once rash is evident. Methods Poison ivy tincture was applied to the bilateral anterior forearms of 12 subjects with Finn Chambers (Allerderm Diagnostic Products, Petaluma, CA). After dermatitis was evident, volunteers treated each arm twice daily with either 1% topical pimecrolimus cream or placebo in a blinded fashion. Outcomes measured were a dermatitis grading score and time to rash and itch resolution. Results The median ± SEM time for rash resolution was 16.55 ± 1.59 days in the treatment group and 16.27 ± 1.82 days in the placebo group ( P = 0.601). The median time for itch resolution was 4.73 ± 1.56 days in the treatment group and 4.91 ± 1.59 days in the placebo group ( P = 0.167). The average dermatitis score was 2.26 ± 0.17 in the treatment group and 2.32 ± 0.15 in the placebo group ( P = 0.62). Conclusions The application of topical pimecrolimus is ineffective in the treatment of ongoing Toxicodendron induced ACD.
Undergraduate public health, lessons learned from undergraduate health administration education.

The rapid growth in the number of undergraduate programs in public health reflects a similar earlier experience in health administration education in North America and offers a set of experiences that we may both learn from and contribute to. In a similar fashion to the public health discipline first awarding the MPH degree, the entry level health administration credential began as a masters degree in 1933, and subsequent degrees followed awarding the Master of Health Administration (MHA) and similar degrees. In the 1970s, undergraduate programs in health administration began to proliferate, and the graduate programs were “initially very cautious about establishing formal relationships” (1) requiring consideration of a set of questions about the relationship between baccalaureate and masters degree education in the discipline. This experience may be beneficial in addressing the more recent undergraduate/graduate degree relationship in public health. While there are numerous issues to consider, this commentary will address several of the most important issues. In 1975, Andrew Patullo, then Senior Vice-President of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation noted that “in light” of health administration being associated with graduate education, the development of undergraduate education presented a perplexing development, and nonetheless, the establishment of baccalaureate programs was seen as a “logical sequential development” (2) Table ​Table11 presents a series of key events in the evolution of baccalaureate education in health administration, and a surprisingly similar set of parallel events in the more recent evolution of public health education. While it is not a certainty that parallel events will continue, the authors believe that anticipating subsequent issues from health administration will facilitate the maturation of undergraduate public health education. Table 1 Comparable events in the development of undergraduate health administration and public health education.
Differences in chromatin proteins of growing and non-growing tissues.

Abstract The non-histone chromatin proteins of growing and non-growing tissues were compared by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The tissues studied were normal rat liver, regenerating rat liver, thioacetamide-treated rat liver, normal rat kidney, Novikoff hepatoma and Walker 256 carcinosarcoma. Although most of the protein components were common to all of the tissues studied, the densities and sizes of spots C18, CP, C21, C25, CQ, CR, CS and CT were greater in the growing tissues than in the non-growing tissues, including the thioacetamide-treated liver. In the latter, the increased densities and sizes of spots C18, C21 and CQ are presumably related to the markedly increased nucleolar size rather than to cell division. Accordingly the increases in sizes and densities of spots C25, CP, CR, CS and CT are apparently of importance to the growth processes of normal and tumor tissues. The number of tissue specific proteins was small compared with the number of proteins in this fraction and includes BP and CBL for normal liver, BJ′ for kidney and CG′, CH′ and CP $ for the tumors.
The Importance of Understanding Donor Preference and Relationship Cultivation Strategies

Relationship cultivation has been identified as a critical component of fundraising success. Cultivation strategies derived from interpersonal communication theory were identified and evaluated by the donors and fundraising team members from three nonprofit hospitals. Using co‐orientation methodology, statistical analysis reveals that donors and fundraisers agree that the six strategies are beneficial. However, their perceptions that they hold similar views as the other side were not accurate in terms of the magnitude of the ratings. These differences are discussed and suggestions are provided to bring both sides of the nonprofit organization‐donor relationship closer to agreement.
Re-creating Through Recreating: Using the Personal Growth Through Adventure Model to Transform Women's Lives

Although many people are uncertain of what to expect of the aging experience, the ideology of conscious aging (consciousness expansion and personal growth) has merit. This article describes a workshop called The Women We Are Becoming: Re-creating Through Recreating in the Later Years that was designed to challenge established norms and narratives about aging by shifting the focus on aging from decline to development. Transformative learning as a philosophy and experiential learning as a method provided women participants with opportunities to become conscious of their own aging through object lessons presented in outdoor settings.
Relation for energy levels of atoms and ions

A relation for the energy levels of atoms and ions is discussed, and tables are given for the empirical values for various states. (JFP)
Direct and interactive influence of explanatory variables on properties of a calcium phosphate cement for vertebral body augmentation

We used the response surface methodology to investigate the direct and interactive effects of three explanatory variables on three properties of a calcium phosphate cement (CPC) for use in vertebroplasty (VP) and balloon kyphoplasty (BKP). The variables were poly(ethylene glycol) content of the cement liquid (PEG), powder-to-liquid ratio (PLR), and the amount of Na2HPO4 added to an aqueous solution of 4 wt/wt% poly(acrylic acid) (as the cement liquid) (SPC). The properties were injectability (I), final setting time (F), and 5-day compressive strength (UCS). We found that (1) there was an interactive effect between the variables on I and F but not on UCS; (2) the maximum I (98 %) was obtained with PEG = 20 wt/wt% and PLR = 2 g mL−1; (3) F = 15 min (the proposed optimum value for a CPC for use in VP and BKP) was obtained with PEG = 4 wt/wt% and PLR = 2.9 g mL−1; and (4) the maximum UCS (39 MPa) was obtained with SPC = 0 and PLR = 3.5 g mL−1.
An innovative automatic stream gaging method

Abstract This brief paper presents an extension of the moving boat method whereby intermediate sized streams may be gaged automatically, by means of a moving meter, by remote control with no operator at the point of the velocity measurement. The paper is clearly innovative in that no velocity magnitude measurement is required, only an angle measurement and a known input constant velocity of traversing meter. The technique presented here is most unusual in that a new technique is combined with classical methodology to produce a reliable field measurement of streamflow rates in a remarkably short time.
Myxosporidan Infections in Some Fishes of Iowa

SYNOPSIS. A survey of 617 specimens of fishes representing 8 families in Iowa revealed coelozoic infections by Chloromyxum catostomi, Chloromyxum trijugum, and Myxidium macrocapsulare and histozoic infections by Henneguya exilis and Myxobolus spp. The trophozoite of M. macrocapsulare is described. Descriptive notes supplementary to previous literature are provided for the 3 coelozoic species.
Structure factor of blends of solvent-free nanoparticle–organic hybrid materials: density-functional theory and small angle X-ray scattering

We investigate the static structure factor S(q) of solvent-free nanoparticle–organic hybrid materials consisting of silica nanocores and space-filling polyethylene glycol coronas using a density-functional theory and small angle X-ray scattering measurements. The theory considers a bidisperse suspension of hard spheres with different radii and tethered bead-spring oligomers with different grafting densities to approximate the polydispersity effects in experiments. The experimental systems studied include pure samples with different silica core volume fractions and the associated mean corona grafting densities, and blends with different mixing ratios of the pure samples, in order to introduce varying polydispersity of corona grafting density. Our scattering experiments and theory show that, compared to the hard-sphere suspension with the same core volume fraction, S(q) for pure samples exhibit both substantially smaller values at small q and stronger particle correlations corresponding to a larger effective hard core at large q, indicating that the tethered incompressible oligomers enforce a more uniform particle distribution, and the densely grafted brush gives rise to an additional exclusionary effect between the nanoparticles. According to the theory, polydispersity in the oligomer grafting density controls the deviation of S(q) from the monodisperse system at smaller q, and the interplay of the enhanced effective core size and the entropic attraction among the particles is responsible for complex variations in the particle correlations at larger q. The successful comparison between the predictions and the measurements for the blends further suggests that S(q) can be used to assess the uniformity of grafting density in polymer-grafted nanoparticle materials.
Enzymatic N-Methylation of Histamine

THE in vivo studies of Schayer1 have shown ring N-methylation to be the principal pathway of histamine metabolism in a variety of mammalian species. His work demonstrates the following scheme: Kobayashi2 found that incubation of histamine with whole-liver homogenates resulted in the formation of 1-methylimidazole-4-acetic acid. These observations reflect the summation of at least three enzymatic processes, one of which is concerned with the synthesis of a co-factor needed for histamine methylation. This report describes the isolation and properties of an enzyme, imidazole N-methyl transferase, which catalyses the ring-N-methylation of histamine requiring S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor.
Phyletic Relationships of Living Sharks and Rays

A set of hypotheses are developed for the origin of living sharks and rays and the interrelationships of their major groups, using some methods of cladistic analysis to relate groups with shared derived characters. Comparative studies on living sharks and rays combined with new data on fossil sharks suggests that the living groups ultimately stem from a common ancestral group of “neoselachian” sharks with many modern characters. Reinterpretations of “amphistyly” in modern sharks is presented on new data.
Trait-Specific Versus Person-Specific Moderators of Cross-Situational Consistency

ABSTRACT Moderator variables for cross-situational consistency can be tested m two different ways (a) a trait-specific manner which examines differences in cross-situational consistency among traits, or (b) a person-specific manner which examines differences in cross-situational consistency among people The present study examined moderator effects–both trait- and person-specific–of the discrepancy between private self-ratings on trait dimensions (“How do you see yourself?”) and the corresponding public self-ratings (“How do others see you?”) Agreement between self- and peer ratings served as the dependent variable The results showed that public-private discrepancy moderated self-peer agreement when operationalized in a trait-specific manner, i e, for each trait, higher discrepancy was associated with lower self-peer agreement On the other hand, the results showed only minimal moderator effects when public-private discrepancy was operationalized in a person-specific manner, i e, when mean discrepancy across all traits served as the moderator Implications of the distinction between trait- and person-specific approaches to moderator effects are discussed
Two-State Thermal Unfolding of a Long Dimeric Coiled-Coil: The Acanthamoeba Myosin II Rod

Acanthamoeba myosin II rod is a long α-helical coiled-coil with a flexible hinge containing a helix-breaking proline. The thermal stability of the complete rod domain of myosin II (residues 849−150...
Closed Loop Optimization of Fixed Configuration Systems

ABSTRACT For the majority of all dynamic systems open loop optimal control generally results from optimization theory whereas a closed loop control is normally desired. By accepting a degradation in performance a closed loop control termed ‘ specific optimal control ’ can be obtained. A series of experiments were performed investigating this type of sub-optimal control. It was found that although the proper choice of the control parameter leads to easily implemented closed loop controls, there are major drawbacks to its use. The coefficients in the control law ore highly dependent upon the final time T, the system parameters, and the initial state of the system. Furthermore, the performance of the system was found to be a function of the algebraic form chosen for the control law. To determine the most optimum control law entails performing a series of computer experiments. This last difficulty may be circumvented in part by embedding the specific optimal control problem in an identification problem. Resul...
Sensation seeking, risk behaviors, and alcohol consumption among Mexican origin youth.

Purpose To examine factors associated with ever use of alcohol among Mexican origin youth.
In-Situ Imaging of Ionic Crystal Dissolution Using an Integrated Electrochemical/AFM Probe

The kinetics and mechanism controlling dissolution from the (100) cleavage face of potassium bromide single crystals in acetonitrile solutions have been identified using a novel integrated electrochemical/AFM probe and a scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM). With both techniques, dissolution is induced by perturbing the dynamic dissolution/growth equilibrium at the crystal/solution interface through the electrochemical oxidation of bromide ions. SECM measurements demonstrate that the dissolution reaction is diffusion-limited under the experimental conditions, suggesting that the surface reaction is characterized by a rate constant in excess of 5 cm s-1 (assuming a first-order dissolution process). The topography of the dissolving surface has been imaged in situ, under conditions which closely mimic those of the SECM measurements, using an electrochemically active AFM probe. These studies provide the first direct experimental evidence of the operation of the spiral mechanism in the dissolution of an ...
Paraganglioma of bladder with recurrence ten years later.

Abstract A paraganglioma (pheochromocytoma) of the bladder recurred ten years after initial transurethral resection. This case demonstrates principles regarding diagnosis, malignancy potential, and treatment of this rare neoplasm.
A novel method to study the electrodynamic behavior of actin filaments. Evidence for cable-like properties of actin

Actin, one of the most abundant intracellular proteins, forms long linear polyelectrolytic polymers in solution. A novel technique to handle single actin filaments in solution was developed that allows the study of ionic currents elicited along the surface of electrically stimulated actin filaments. Electrical currents were observed about the polymer's surface under both high (100 mM KCl) and low (1 mM KCl) ionic strength conditions. The data are consistent with a dynamic behavior of the counterionic cloud surrounding the actin filaments that support ionic movements along their longitudinal axis upon electrical stimulation. Counterionic waves were highly nonlinear in nature and remained long after the electrical stimulation of the actin filaments ceased. In this report therefore, we demonstrate that actin filaments can function as biological "electrical wires" and can thus be conceptualized as nonlinear inhomogeneous transmission lines. This ability of actin filaments to conduct electrical signals may have important implications in the coupling of intracellular signals.
The Future of the Multinational Manufacturing Corporation: Five Scenarios

Multinational corporations, for three decades the leading actors in an emerging global industrial system, are threatened by rising nationalism. If they are to continue to grow and develop, they must respond to both host and home country nationalism. The major driving force behind the growth of multinational companies to date has been the efficiency and effectiveness advantage which we call the leverage of multinational “vertical” system over the smaller national “horizontal” systems. Unless multinational articulate better both the gains of large vertical systems and the equitable distribution of these gains among the nations that are a part of their global system, their continued growth and role in the world economy are in jeopardy. Specifically, five scenarios for MNCs are envisaged in five different political-economic regions of the world.
The impact of circadian misalignment on athletic performance in professional football players

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that professional football teams would perform better than anticipated during games occurring close to their circadian peak in performance. DESIGN: We reviewed the past 40 years of evening and daytime professional football games between west coast and east coast United States teams. In order to account for known factors influencing football game outcomes we compared the results to the point spread which addresses all significant differences between opposing teams for sports betting purposes. One sample t-tests, Wilcoxon signed ranked tests, and linear regression were performed. Comparison to day game data was included as a control. SETTING: Academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: N/A. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. RESULTS: The results were strongly in favor of the west coast teams during evening games against east coast teams, with the west coast teams beating the point spread about twice as often (t = 3.95, P Language: en
Damming the flood: monitoring streaming security event data using BlockTables

Security Event Monitoring is a tedious job where users stare at long tables of incoming security events indicating potential threats. Most of the events, however, are false alarms and the user has to find these and dismiss them. This paper talks about design changes in a security event monitoring tool, called the ZEC (Zurich Event Console) which, based on findings in a usability study and observations of how event monitors go about their job, are meant to make them more efficient. In particular, BlockTables are designed to make the inherent structure of event data more apparent. We also describe the design of a navigation feature which allows users to navigate the event table based on the inherent block structure exposed by the BlockTables.
Daytime Versus Nighttime Extubations: A Comparison of Reintubation, Length of Stay, and Mortality.

Purpose:Despite studies regarding outcomes of day versus night medical care, consequences of nighttime extubations are unknown. It may be favorable to extubate patients off-hours, as soon as weaning parameters are met, since this could decrease complications and shorten length of stay (LOS). Conversely, nighttime extubation could be deleterious, as staffing varies during this time. We hypothesized that patients have similar reintubation rates, irrespective of extubation time.Methods:A retrospective cohort study performed at 2 hospitals within a tertiary academic medical center included all adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients extubated between July 01, 2009 and May 31, 2011. Those extubated due to withdrawal of support were excluded. The nighttime group included patients extubated between 7:00 pm and 6:59 am and the daytime group included patients extubated between 7:00 am and 6:59 pm.Results:Of 2240 extubated patients, 1555 were extubated during the day and 685 were extubated at night. Of these, 119 ...
Cross-language treatment generalisation: A case of trilingual aphasia.

Background: Recent investigations of language gains following treatment in bilingual individuals with chronic aphasia appear to confirm early reports that not only the treated language but also the non‐treated language(s) benefit from treatment. The evidence, however, is still suggestive, and the variables that may mitigate generalisation across languages warrant further investigation. Aims: We set out to examine cross‐language generalisation of language treatment in a trilingual speaker with mild chronic aphasia. Methods & Procedures: Language treatment was administered in English, the participant's second language (L2). The first treatment block focused on morphosyntactic skills and the second on language production rate. Measurements were collected in the treated language (English, L2) as well as the two non‐treated languages: Hebrew (the participant's first language, L1) and French (the participant's third language, L3). Outcomes & Results: The participant showed improvement in his production of selec...
Pelger–Huët Anomaly in Australian Shepherds: 87 Cases (1991–1997)

Blood smears from 892 Australian shepherds were evaluated for the presence of Pelger–Hue¨t (P-H) anomaly over a 6-year period. During the study, 87 dogs were diagnosed with P-H anomaly (9.8% incidence) following microscopic examination of Wright–Leishman–stained blood smears. Granulocytes from dogs with P-H anomaly had nuclear hyposegmentation resembling bands and metamyelocytes; however, the chromatin pattern was more aggregated than that observed in mature segmenters. The granulocyte morphology of dogs with P-H anomaly was similar to that described for humans and rabbits with the heterozygous form of P-H anomaly. Where gender was known, 9.4% of males and 8.8% of females had P-H anomaly, indicating autosomal transmittance of the trait. None of the dogs with P-H anomaly had a predominance of granulocytes with round to oval nuclei (myelocytes) and an extremely coarse chromatin pattern, suggestive of the homozygous form of the anomaly. Because this phenotype was not observed in Australian shepherds, the homozygous form of P-H anomaly may be a lethal trait in utero. Six dogs with P-H anomaly had parents with a normal leucocyte phenotype. In addition, the incidence of P-H anomaly in F1 puppies from matings of individuals with normal and P-H phenotypes was less than expected. These observations strongly suggest that P-H anomaly is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete or decreased penetrance in Australian shepherds. Transmittance of P-H anomaly in this breed of dogs may be governed by more than one allele or expression of the anomaly may modified by genes at a different locus or loci.
Analysis of conditions forAgrobacterium-mediated transformation of tobacco cells in suspension

We have developed anAgrobacterium-mediated transformation system, using tobacco cell suspensions, that permits evaluation of factors affecting transformation within seven days of co-cultivation. Tobacco cell transformation was determined by monitoring β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity detected in plant cell extracts. The use of a chimeric gene construct, 35S-GUS/INT, containing a portable intron in theuidA reading frame, assured only plant-specific GUS expression. During the co-cultivation period, induction of the bacterialvir-region was monitored using a heterologous gene construct composed of avirB promoter fragment from pTiC58 fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltranferase (CAT) gene ofTn9. Tobacco cell transformants were confirmed by antibiotic selection of transformed plant cells and by X-Gluc staining. Maximum transformation was obtained when plant suspension cultures were growing rapidly which also was coincidental with elevated levels of bacterialvir-region expression. One week after co-cultivation, the transformed cultures exhibited a stable pattern of GUS activity which remained constant without antibiotic selection. The system was used to compare the virulence of a number ofAgrobacterium strains. GUS activity of plant cells co-cultivated with a strain containing a cointegrate plasmid was 3-fold higher than that of one with a binary configuration of the T-DNA. When the co-cultivatingAgrobacterium strain also carried the plasmid used to monitorvir induction, the frequency of transformation was reduced by as much, as 97%.
Immunofluorescent and autoradiographic analysis of the relationship between the presence of histone H5 and DNA synthesis in developing chick erythroid cells.

Abstract Simultaneous detection of histone H5 by indirect immunofluorescence and of [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation by autoradiography on the same preparations of developing erythroid cells have been used to precisely define the extent of correlation between the loss of nuclear activity and the presence of histone H5. It was found that from day 3–12 of embryonic life there are two successive waves of double-labelled cells. At some stages, as many as 30% of the cells which incorporate [ 3 H]thymidine also contain histone H5. Thus, the simple presence of H5 cannot be sufficient to cause nuclear inactivation. A kinetic analysis of the appearance and disappearance of [ 3 H]thymidine-labelled cells, containing histone H5, and cells which are positive for both markers is presented. The result is consistent with the interpretation that the appearance of H5 in the first wave of double labelled cells occurs just before the erythroid cells become metabolically inactive. These observations modify the concept that histone H5 functions uniquely or solely as a template repressor.
Regional Trends in Transmissivity and Hydraulic Conductivity, Lower Cretaceous Sands, North-Central Texasa

Depositional and structural history control the regional trends in transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity in Lower Cretaceous-age sands along the Balcones Ouachita trend in North-Central Texas. Because of scarcity of pumping tests, delineation of trends was only possible by incorporating transmissivities estimated from specific capacities. Statistical comparison of estimated and pumping-test transmissivities confirmed the validity of this approach. The resulting contour maps should be useful in the evaluation of these aquifers for potential as low-temperature-geothermal resources; the method can be applied to other aquifers to facilitate ground-water-management programs.
Assessment of the Driving Capabilities of Persons With Disabilities Using an Advanced Vehicle Interface System

The opportunity for a person with disability to drive a vehicle presents a major step towards a full and independent life. In some cases, employment is not possible due to the inability to control a motor vehicle. Unfortunately, today’s driving evaluations are inadequate because of the qualitative techniques used. This paper presents a new approach to the driving assessment of persons with disabilities in which an advanced vehicle interface system is introduced. This system combines a six-degree-of-freedom force reflecting haptic device and a commercially available vehicle modification system. Innovative ergonomic tasks are presented to determine the appropriate position and orientation of the required driving input device. Further, model based computer assistance is incorporated by using assistance functions such as scaling and tremor filtering. Results, obtained from testing a subject with Muscular Dystrophy (MD), demonstrated that the quantitative ergonomic measurements obtained successfully determined the appropriate position and orientation of the modified steering wheel device.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Metaanalyses of acustimulation effects on nausea and vomiting across different patient populations: a brief overview of existing evidence.

Medical and nursing professionals around theworld (United States, Canada, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, India, Paki-stan, United Kingdom, Ireland, Sweden, Germany, Norway, Aus-tria,Italy,Greece,Croatia,Australia,Israel,andothers)havepartic-ipated in generating clinical trials to identify the best evidence-based practices. The authors have organized this body of literatureinto a series of metaanalyses to yield meaningful summative evi-dence and conclusions about the effects of AS on NVS. This briefoverview paper provides a description of the current evidence andthe need to perform a series of metaanalyses of AS on NVS acrossthree patient populations: postoperative adults, pregnant women,and postoperative children. A metaanalysis of the effect of AS onNVS postoperative adults is reported in this issue of
Recommendations for Forensic Evaluators Conducting Interpreter-Mediated Interviews

Courts and forensic psychologists are more frequently working with interpreters as a result of the increasing linguistic diversity in the United States. This article reviews the published literature on how interpreter-mediated communication impacts the reliability and validity of forensic evaluation. Until there are sufficient numbers of multilingual forensic psychologists, the use of interpreters in forensic practice is unavoidable. Therefore, this article provides forensic psychologists with empirically-based recommendations to improve the reliability and validity of interpreter-mediated evaluations.
Coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations with a square-well and a Coulomb potential

Abstract Analytic solutions for D -dimensional coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations with N components in the presence of a square-well and a Coulomb potential are presented for a specific type of nonlinear interaction. Special features of these solutions include parameters that give separations of components.
Behavioral Inhibition and Stress Reactivity: The Moderating Role of Attachment Security

The role of the mother-toddler attachment relationship in moderating the relations between behavioral inhibition and changes in salivary cortisol levels in response to novel events was examined in 77 18-month-olds. Behavioral inhibition was determined by observing toddler inhibition of approach to several novel events. Attachment security to mother was assessed using the Ainsworth Strange Situation. Changes in salivary cortisol were used to index activity of the stress-sensitive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system. In addition, toddler coping behaviors and the behaviors used by mothers to help toddlers manage novel events were examined. Elevations in cortisol were found only for inhibited toddlers in insecure attachment relationships. Mothers in these relationships appeared to interfere with their toddlers' coping efforts. These results are discussed in the context of a coping model of the relations between temperament and stress reactivity.
Vacuum Zincification Technical Study of Fitting Material in Power Transmission Line

Fittings of the power transmission line are requested to have good anti-corrosion performance when they are use at atmosphere environment. The fittings of the power line have certain mutual movement during application process, which mutually produce friction. In particular to the fittings of the power line which are applied in the area and environment with strong wind sand such as western area, wind sand will produce corrosion wear of the fittings in the line. Therefore the fittings of the power line are requested to have good anti-abrasion and corrosion resistant comprehensive performance. In combination with application environment of the power fittings and characteristics of vacuum zincification technology, carry out analysis on possibility of application of vacuum zincification in the fittings in the power line from performance requirements, fitting materials, geometrical features of the fittings, economy of vacuum zincification etc several aspects.