cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Effects Caused b y a Pulsed Discharge and a Magnetic Field in a Mach 5 Flow

*† This paper presents an experimental study of the effects of plasmas and magnetic fields on a Mach 5 flow over a flat plate with a half wedge leading edge. The measurement tool used in this investigation is a pitot probe composed of a piezoresistive pressure transducer connected to a short tube which is placed in the flow field . The nice aspect of this pressure transducer is that it is small and can be placed relatively close to the plasma discharge allowing higher speed pitot probe measurements to be made. It is difficult to find small, fast acting transducers that detect very low pressures. The quick est response time that can be discerned with this device is on the order of a few milliseconds. This is faster than the pitot probe measurements that we have made in the past by about two orders of magnitude. One of the reasons for making these measurement s was to investigate the response of the Mach 5 flow to a pla sma discharge that is turned off and on at different frequencies . This was done with and without a magnetic field applied. Electrical noise was a problem in all of the measurements, but it became more of a problem when the magnetic field was applied to the plasma discharge. The results presented in this paper point out that changes in the flow field that result because of the application of a plasma discharge take place in a time frame less than a few milliseconds.
Gazelle Companies: What Is So Special About the 20% Threshold?

In business analysis, a special emphasis is placed on “gazelles”, companies that grow by at least 20% per year for several years (usually four). While this 20% threshold is somewhat supported by empirical research, from the theoretical viewpoint, it is not clear what is so special about this value. In this paper, we provide a possible explanation for this empirical fact. 1 Formulation of the Problem Empirical fact. In the late 1970s, an MIT economist David Birch noticed that most jobs are created by fast-growing small companies [1], see also [2, 4, 5, 6]. His empirical analysis showed that most of these companies grow by at least 20% per year for a certain number of years. To describe such companies, he coined a special term “gazelle”: a company that grows by at least 20% per year for 4 years, from a certain sufficiently large initial revenue base (usually $1,000,000). This term is now widely used in business, and further studies confirmed that such fast-growing companies deserve special attention and special analysis. Problem. While the 20% threshold seem to be supported by empirical data, there is no good theoretical explanation of why 20% (and not 15 or 25) is a threshold separating fast-growing companies from all others. What we do in this paper. In this paper, we propose a possible explanation for the above empirical threshold.
When to Operate on the Child with Congenital Heart Disease

This article outlines, under various hemodynamic categories, the multiple considerations required in considering a patient for surgery for congenital heart disease.
Thickness Effects on Fracture Criteria

Many engineering materials are tough and ductile, and the thicknesses of the structures are often thinner than that which necessitates a plane strain analysis. This paper summarizes briefly our studies on the thickness effects on the characteristics of crack tip stresses and crack tip deformation. Near tip stresses, near tip strains, the relative opening displacements between the upper and the lower crack surfaces, and those between the upper and the lower boundaries of the crack tip strip necking zone have been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The results suggest that the thickness contractions of the fracture surfaces measured from broken specimens, crack opening displacements, and plane stress characterization can be used to correlate with fracture toughness. The choice of a specific fracture criterion depends upon the value of the necking parameter, (K/σY)2/t. t is plate thickness.
Risk factors predicting outcomes for primary refractory hodgkin lymphoma patients treated with salvage chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation.

We aimed to identify risk factors that predict functional imaging (FI) response to salvage chemotherapy and evaluate outcomes following autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) in primary refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL). From 1 October 1994 to 10 July 2015, 192 primary refractory HL patients were treated on sequential second line protocols. Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated from the date of histological confirmation of refractory disease. Covariates were analysed for relationship with FI response and EFS. By intent-to-treat, the median EFS was 8·9 years and OS 10·4 years with 41% having positive post-salvage FI. On multivariate analysis, the presence of B symptoms and bulk ≥5 cm predicted for positive FI, with odds ratios of 2·15 and 2·03, respectively. For the 167 (87%) transplanted patients, 60% had a negative pre-ASCT FI. Median EFS and OS were not reached with at a median follow-up of 3·6 years in surviving patients. Both stage IV refractory disease and persistent FI abnormality pre- ASCT were associated with worse outcomes: 3-year EFS was 84%, 54% and 28% for zero, 1 and 2 risk factors, respectively (P < 0·001). Further studies are needed to validate our prognostic model and to determine optimal therapy for patients with multiple risk factors.
Chapter 7 – Spacecraft thermal design

Publisher Summary Spacecraft absorb and emit radiation. Depending on the physical characteristics of their external surfaces, they absorb more or less of the incident solar radiation. Spacecraft operating in the near-earth environment also absorb thermal radiation (in the infrared) that is emitted by the earth and solar radiation that is reflected by the earth (albedo effect). Analogous effects also play a role when operating near the inner planets and the earth's moon. In turn, spacecraft emit thermal radiation into space. When in thermal equilibrium, their emissions equal the sum of their absorption of the incident radiation of all types and the heat produced by their internal sources. Spacecraft temperatures must be controlled to within close lower and upper limits. These limits are imposed by the different characteristics of the various components on the spacecraft. Particularly sensitive to temperature extremes are storage batteries, spacecraft propellants, many electronic components, and certain scientific payloads. The allowable limits for electronic components are not necessarily the same for operating and nonoperating conditions.
THE CYTOCHROME OXIDASE REACTION IN AZOTOBACTER VINELANDII AND OTHER BACTERIA

ABSTRACT Bacteria that carry out N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) oxidations are “oxidase-positive” species, which possess a membrane-bound cytochrome-dependent terminal oxidase. The components needed for TMPD oxidation are c-type cytochrome(s) integrated with a terminal oxidase component, like cytochrome o or a + a3. The obligate aerobe, Azotobacter vinelandii , has the highest cellular respiratory rate of any organism known and for this reason its cytochrome oxidase is of particular interest. This high oxidative rate is also reflected by the terminal TMPD oxidase activity, which concentrates exclusively in the electron transport particle (ETP). A 20-fold purification of the Azotobacter TMPD oxidase enzyme complex, by a detergent solubilization procedures, shows it to be an integrated cytochrome c4 + c5: cytochrome o complex.
Subtle cues missed: Impaired perception of emotion from gait in relation to schizotypy and autism spectrum traits.

Abstract Background Deficits in emotion perception are central features of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. These conditions are also associated with disrupted embodiment and impaired processing of biological motion. However, medication and the impact of illness over time complicate the study of socioemotional processing in such neuropsychiatric populations. Thus, the current study investigated the perception of emotional cues from gait, in relation to autistic and schizotypal traits in the general population. Methods Self-report measures of schizotypy and autism-spectrum were obtained from 107 healthy participants. An affective biological motion task that required participants to discriminate emotions from the gait patterns of polygonal avatars at varying levels of emotional intensity was used to assess accuracy of emotion perception. Results Emotion perception accuracy depended on the stimulus intensity. Those with elevated autism spectrum quotient and those with elevated positive syndrome (cognitive-perceptual) schizotypy showed deficits in emotion perception from gait. Conclusions Perception of emotion from low-intensity gait cues is compromised in those who may carry liability for autism or psychosis. Emotion perception deficits may be a core feature of autism and schizophrenia, rather than simply being a downstream consequence of illness duration or medication.
Biomedical Applications of Metal-Encapsulated Fullerene Nanoparticles

The carbonaceous nanomaterials known as metallofullerenes have attracted considerable attention due to their attractive properties. The robust nature of the "Trojan Horse" fullerene cage provides an important structural component, which isolates the metal cluster from the bioenvironment. The large carbon surface area is ideally suited for multiple exo-functionalization approaches to modify the hydrophobic cage for a more hydrophilic bioenvironment. Additionally, peptides and other agents are readily covalently attached to this nanoprobe for targeting applications. The recent progress in developing metallofullerenes for next-generation biomedical applications is described. Of special interest are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Several recent studies reported cumulative gadolinium deposition in the brain and bones of individuals using commercial clinical MRI contrast agents. Gadolinium-based metallofullerenes provide 2-3 orders of magnitude improvement in MRI relaxivity and potentially lower clinical levels of toxic Gd3+ ions deposited. Other potential biomedical applications are also reviewed herein.
Deconvolution of Camera Instrument Response Functions

Temporal sequences of fluorescence intensities in single-molecule experiments are often obtained from stacks of camera images. The dwell times of different macromolecular structural or functional states, correlated with characteristic fluorescence intensities, are extracted from the images and combined into dwell time distributions that are fitted by kinetic functions to extract corresponding rate constants. The frame rate of the camera limits the time resolution of the experiment and thus the fastest rate processes that can be reliably detected and quantified. However, including the influence of discrete sampling (framing) on the detected time series in the fitted model enables rate processes near to the frame rate to be reliably estimated. This influence, similar to the instrument response function in other types of instruments, such as pulsed emission decay fluorometers, is easily incorporated into the fitted model. The same concept applies to any temporal data that is low-pass filtered or decimated to improve signal to noise ratio.
Correlation between porosity and permeability of carbonate rock reservoirs

ABSTRACTIt is critical to use proper definition of effective porosity, i.e., effective porosity as used in the USA minus the irreducible fluid saturation. Inasmuch as logs do not determine the irreducible fluid saturation, a lot of misinformation is spread around.
Integrated Analysis of Intracellular Dynamics of MenaINV Cancer Cells in a 3D Matrix

The intracellular environment is composed of a filamentous network that exhibits dynamic turnover of cytoskeletal components and internal force generation from molecular motors. Particle tracking microrheology enables a means to probe the internal mechanics and dynamics. Here, we develop an analytical model to capture the basic features of the active intracellular mechanical environment, including both thermal and motor-driven effects, and show consistency with a diverse range of experimental microrheology data. We further perform microrheology experiments, integrated with Brownian dynamics simulations of the active cytoskeleton, on metastatic breast cancer cells embedded in a three-dimensional collagen matrix with and without the presence of epidermal growth factor to probe the intracellular mechanical response in a physiologically mimicking scenario. Our results demonstrate that EGF stimulation can alter intracellular stiffness and power output from molecular motor-driven fluctuations in cells overexpressing an invasive isoform of the actin-associated protein Mena.
Brain Microglial Cells Are Highly Susceptible to HIV-1 Infection and Spread

Macrophages are a target of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and may serve as an important reservoir of the virus in the body, particularly after depletion of CD4+ T cells in HIV/AIDS. Recently, sterile alpha motif and histidine/aspartic acid domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) was identified as the major restriction factor of HIV-1 infection in myeloid cells. SAMHD1 is targeted for proteolytic degradation by Vpx, a viral protein encoded by HIV-2 and many simian immunodeficiency viruses but not HIV-1. In this study, we assessed SAMHD1 restriction in in vitro differentiated macrophages and in freshly isolated macrophages from the lungs, abdomen, and brain. We found that infection and spread in in vitro cultured monocyte-derived macrophages were highly limited and that Vpx largely relieved the restriction to initial infection, as expected. We observed nearly identical infection and restriction profiles in freshly isolated peripheral blood monocytes, as well as lung (alveolar) and abdominal (peritoneal) macrophages. In contrast, under the same infection conditions, primary brain macrophages (microglia) were highly susceptible to HIV-1 infection despite levels of endogenous SAMHD1 comparable to the other macrophage populations. Addition of Vpx further increased HIV-1 infection under conditions of limiting virus input, and viral spread was robust whether or not SAMHD1 was depleted. These results suggest that HIV-1 infection of peripherally circulating macrophages is effectively restricted by SAMHD1; however, microglia are highly susceptible to infection despite SAMHD1 expression. These data may explain the long-standing observation that HIV-1 infection is often detected in macrophages in the brain, but seldom in other tissues of the body.
Utilization of a Sobering Center for Acute Alcohol Intoxication.

Objective The objective was to describe the population utilizing a sobering center for public alcohol intoxication and compare between single-visit users, repeat users, and high users. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of 1,271 adults cared for in a sobering center from July 2014 to June 2015. We divided the population into three groups—single use (one visit), repeat users (two to five visits), and high (six or more) users—and evaluated demographics, lifetime health diagnoses utilizing the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, rates of public service utilization including ambulance and emergency department, and related costs. Results The population was primarily male, middle-aged, and ethnically diverse. Compared to single-visit users (n = 869), repeat (n = 287) and high users (n = 115) were older, were more likely to be currently homeless, and had spent more time homeless. Repeat and high users had significantly higher rates of hypertension, liver disease, diabetes, depression, psychoses, and drug abuse diagnoses compared to single-visit users. In addition to sobering visits, utilization of ambulance and ED and related costs were significantly greater for the high users compared to repeat and single-visit users. Conclusions From an overall heterogeneous population, more frequent utilizers of the sobering center, both high and repeat users compared to low users, had significantly greater prevalence of chronic disorders, service utilization, and homelessness. Findings indicate that a sobering center can have a prominent role in the care for those with acute alcohol intoxication, particularly those individuals with chronic public intoxication who are likewise homeless. Further longitudinal research could offer important insights as to the population served over time, investigating changes in utilization and efforts toward health and housing stabilization.
Vehicular Optically Transparent UHF Antenna for Terrestrial Communication

This paper presents the design and fabrication of a wideband, optically transparent armor embedded antenna for ground communication in military vehicles at UHF and VHF bands. This unique design allows for unidirectional radiation and helps reduce the vehicle signature and other undesirable effects, such as air drag and cosite interference, while improving the gain. As a starting point, a bow-tie-shaped monopole antenna is placed in the window and is optimized to achieve the highest bandwidth possible. Monopole architecture is chosen to minimize the antenna size and tilt the beam to the horizontal plane for a slanted windshield. The geometry of the antenna is then modified by introducing stublike extensions and bent sections to achieve an octave bandwidth starting at 275 MHz. A special mesh compatible with nonuniform surface current density on the antenna is used for minimal antenna opacity. With this method, a 40% reduction in opacity compared with a uniformly meshed antenna is achieved. A prototype armor embedded antenna with unidirectional radiation pattern is fabricated and shown to provide 5–7 dBi of gain in the desired bandwidth as well as excellent optical functionality.
FOXA1 hypermethylation: link between parity and ER-negative breast cancer in African American women?

Reproductive factors, particularly parity, have differential effects on breast cancer risk according to estrogen receptor (ER) status, especially among African American (AA) women. One mechanism could be through DNA methylation, leading to altered expression levels of genes important in cell fate decisions. Using the Illumina 450K BeadChip, we compared DNA methylation levels in paraffin-archived tumor samples from 383 AA and 350 European American (EA) women in the Women’s Circle of Health Study (WCHS). We combined 450K profiles with RNA-seq data and prioritized genes based on differential methylation by race, correlation between methylation and gene expression, and biological function. We measured tumor protein expression and assessed its relationship to DNA methylation. We evaluated associations between reproductive characteristics and DNA methylation using linear regression. 410 loci were differentially methylated by race, with the majority unique to ER− tumors. FOXA1 was hypermethylated in tumors from AA versus EA women with ER− cancer, and increased DNA methylation correlated with reduced RNA and protein expression. Importantly, parity was positively associated with FOXA1 methylation among AA women with ER− tumors (P = 0.022), as was number of births (P = 0.026), particularly among those who did not breastfeed (P = 0.008). These same relationships were not observed among EA women, although statistical power was more limited. Methylation and expression of FOXA1 is likely impacted by parity and breastfeeding. Because FOXA1 regulates a luminal gene expression signature in progenitor cells and represses the basal phenotype, this could be a mechanism that links these reproductive exposures with ER− breast cancer.
Localized detection of reversal nucleation generated by high moment magnetic nanoparticles using a large-area magnetic sensor

This report introduces a local-magnetic-reversal-nucleation based giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensor with a large sensing area and further discusses its novel sensing scheme of high magnetic moment nanoparticles (MNPs). We demonstrated experimentally that this large-area GMR sensor could successfully detect high moment MNPs. The detection scheme of localized reversal nucleation of GMR sensor induced by MNPs was analyzed and further confirmed by the micromagnetic simulations. This work may provide one pathway in designing next generation GMR biosensors with large area and high sensitivity. This sensing scheme could be applicable to other magnetic biosensors such as magnetic tunnel junction sensors and planar Hall sensors.
Water depth and lake-wide water level fluctuation influence on α- and β-diversity of coastal wetland fish communities

Abstract Coastal wetlands in the Laurentian Great Lakes are critical habitats for supporting fish diversity and abundance within the basin. Insight into the coupling of biodiversity patterns with habitat conditions may elucidate mechanisms shaping diverse communities. Within coastal wetlands, water depth as well as fluctuations in lake-wide water levels over inter-annual timescales, both have the potential to influence fish communities. Water level fluctuation can influence fish habitat structure (e.g., vegetation) in Great Lakes coastal wetlands, but it is unclear how water depth and lake-wide water level fluctuations affect fish community composition and diversity. Using β dissimilarity indices and multivariate ordination techniques, we assessed fish community structure among bulrush (Schoenoplectus acutus)-dominated wetlands in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, USA. We examined whether community structure was related to wetland water depth at the time of sampling and whether fish communities were more similar among years with similar Lake Huron water levels. Results suggested relatively high levels of both spatial (among wetlands) and temporal (among year) community dissimilarity that was driven primarily by species turnover. Thus, variability in water depths among wetlands and in Lake Huron water levels among years likely both contribute to regional fish diversity. Further, fish abundance and alpha diversity were positively correlated with wetland water depth at the time of sampling. Both climate change and anthropogenic water level stabilization may alter the magnitude and timing of water level fluctuations in the Great Lakes. Our data suggest that these changes could affect local fish community composition and regional fish diversity.
Toward a MAC policy framework

We propose a formal policy framework of MAC policies in multilevel relational databases. We identify the important components of such policies and their desirable properties. The framework provides a basis for systematically specifying such policies and characterizing their potential mismatches. Based on the framework, we compare and unify the MAC policies and policy components that are proposed in the literature or imposed in existing systems. Our framework could be used to capture and resolve MAC policy mismatches in the trusted interoperation of heterogeneous multilevel relational databases.
Sternoclavicular joint palpation pain: the shoulder's Waddell sign?

BACKGROUND:Pain is a complex and subjective reality and can be magnified by nonorganic or nonanatomic sources. Multiple studies have demonstrated a correlation between psychological factors and patients' perceptions of musculoskeletal pain and disability. In addition, nonorganic findings as part of the physical examination are well and long recognized. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between a shoulder examination test, palpation of the sternoclavicular joint (SCJ), and psychosocial conditions including chronic pain, depression, and anxiety. METHODS:From June until October 2016, all new patients of 2 sports/shoulder fellowship-trained surgeons at an academic practice were screened for study enrollment. After their consent was obtained, patients were given a set of 5 surveys (Pain Catastrophizing Scale; Patient-Health Questionnaire 2; Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire; shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire; and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index) to complete. The physician then completed a comprehensive standardized physical examination, with the examining physician being blinded to the patient's survey responses. Palpation of the SCJ was done with the examiner's thumbs and was accompanied by the question "Does this hurt?" If a positive pain response was given, clarification as to the correct side of the pain was made. RESULTS:A total of 132 patients were enrolled and completed the surveys and physical examination. Of the patients, 26 (19.7%) reported SCJ pain with SCJ palpation. Patients with and without confirmed pain on SCJ palpation had significantly different (P < .001) mean scores for all 5 surveys. A review of the medical histories between the 2 groups identified a significantly increased prevalence of chronic pain and mental health disorders, such as anxiety and depression, in SCJ palpation-positive patients. CONCLUSIONS:Patients who confirmed pain on SCJ palpation had significantly higher scores on various psychological surveys than those who denied pain on palpation, indicating that a portion of their pain was stemming from a nonorganic source. Inclusion of SCJ palpation during a routine shoulder or upper extremity physical examination may improve selection of treatment options for patients.
Effects of a Guidance Unit in Two Formats on the Examination Performance of Underachieving Middle School Students.

For all too many students, the tranfor adequate experimental design, sition from elementary to middle Third, the majority of published ex school is accompanied by a decline perimental studies has focused on in academic performance. The efhigh school pupils, so that little ev fects of poor study habits and idence is available regarding the ef attitudes acquired during the elefectiveness of various counseling mentaiy school years are often exstrategies with underachievers and acerbated by the increasing delow achievers in early adolescence, mands of the middle school Fourth, these interventions have al curriculum, resulting in a level of most always been conducted with achievement well below that of abilindividuals or small groups rather ity (Wilson, 1986b). Although the litthan with classroom-sized groups, erature on underachievement is Todays counselors confronted with substantial, middle school counselmultiple demands for their time and ors in search of effective intervenservices need information regarding tions to help these students have the efficacy of approaches involving relatively few resources to consult. larger numbers of students than First, in many published reports, have been previously investigated, treatment programs are not deresponse to the growing support scribed in sufficient detail to permit *n profession for classroom a clear understanding of the interbased approaches as being appro vention. Second, relatively few artipriate and efficient delivery systems cles include a rigorous evaluation of *or guidance services (American the outcomes of the treatment. A reSchool Counselor Association cent review (Wilson, 1986a) of 2V2 [ASCA], 1979, 1985, ASCA Govern decades of studies evaluating the efin£ Board' 198 ^ descriptions of fects of counseling interventions on the grade point average of low achieving and underachieving eleNatalie wilson Rathvon is a Licensed mentary, middle, and high school Professional Counselor and doctoral stu students located only 19 investigadent in clinical psychology at George tions that met even minimal criteria Washington University, Washington, DC.
Efficacy of Infliximab in Crohn's Disease Patients with Prior Primary-Nonresponse to Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonists.

Tumor necrosis factor antagonists (TNFs) are effective for moderate–severe Crohn’s disease (CD). Approximately one-third of patients have primary-nonresponse to TNFs, which is reported to predict worse response to subsequent TNF therapy. However, this is based on treatment with subcutaneously (SC) administered, fixed-dose TNFs after failure of intravenously (IV) administered, weight-based TNFs. No study has specifically assessed the clinical and endoscopic effectiveness of IV TNFs following primary-nonresponse to SC TNFs. We hypothesize that IV, weight-based TNF dosing offers advantages over SC, fixed-dose TNFs and may be effective despite primary-nonresponse to previous SC fixed-dose TNFs. This retrospective cohort study identified patients with moderate–severe CD with primary-nonresponse to one or more SC TNFs who subsequently received the IV TNF, infliximab for ≥ 12 weeks. We described baseline characteristics, and clinical, endoscopic and biochemical response to therapy. Key characteristics of 17 patients are described in Table 1. After ≥ 12 weeks of infliximab, 11 of 15 (73.3%) patients with clinical data reported clinical response and remission. Of 11 patients with endoscopic data, restaging colonoscopy revealed mucosal improvement in seven (63.6%) patients. Of these, five (45.5%) had endoscopic remission and three (27.3%) had mucosal healing. Patients with moderate–severe CD with prior primary-nonresponse to SC, fixed-dose TNFs, subsequently treated with IV, weight-based TNF have high rates of clinical and endoscopic response and remission. Therefore, despite primary-nonresponse to SC TNFs, patients may benefit from IV TNF therapy and may not require a change to a different class of biologic therapy.
AlignS: A Processing-In-Memory Accelerator for DNA Short Read Alignment Leveraging SOT-MRAM

Classified as a complex big data analytics problem, DNA short read alignment serves as a major sequential bottleneck to massive amounts of data generated by next-generation sequencing platforms. With Von-Neumann computing architectures struggling to address such computationally-expensive and memory-intensive task today, Processing-in-Memory (PIM) platforms are gaining growing interests. In this paper, an energy-efficient and parallel PIM accelerator (AlignS) is proposed to execute DNA short read alignment based on an optimized and hardware-friendly alignment algorithm. We first develop AlignS’s platform that harnesses SOT-MRAM as computational memory and transforms it to a fundamental processing unit for short read alignment. Accordingly, we present a novel, customized, highly parallel read alignment algorithm that only seeks the proposed simple and parallel in-memory operations (i.e. comparisons and additions). AlignS is then optimized through a new correlated data partitioning and mapping methodology that allows local storage and processing of DNA sequence to fully exploit the algorithm-level’s parallelism, and to accelerate both exact and inexact matches. The device-to-architecture co-simulation results show that AlignS improves the short read alignment throughput per Watt per mm2 by ~12× compared to the ASIC accelerator. Compared to recent FM-index-based ReRAM platform, AlignS achieves 1.6× higher throughput per Watt.
Elastic-plastic fracture mechanics: Where has it been? Where is it going?

Elastic-plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM) is the name given to a body of fracture technology that includes parameters, test methods, and analysis techniques. EPFM began in the 1960s, soon after it was recognized that the linear elastic approach to fracture mechanics was too limited to cover many engineering applications. It began in response to real engineering problems and continues to develop in the same application-driven mode. The development of EPFM spans more than three decades. It involved many people and a multitude of good ideas. Some of the people have gone on to other pursuits, and many of the ideas have been set aside or discarded in the never-ending debate about which is the best approach. The development of EPFM is not complete, nor is the controversy ended. It is important to look back at the factors that influenced such a vast development of technology before trying to forge ahead. This paper takes a look at the area of fracture mechanics called EPFM. It considers the development of a technology that involved people, places, and a seemingly inexhaustible supply of technical ideas. It considers what happened in the past, what is going on in the present, and speculates about what will happen for the future. Its purpose is to stop for a moment and consider for EPFM: Where has it been? Where is it going?
Food Insecurity Among College Students in the U.S.: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (P04-072-19)

To estimate the prevalence of food insecurity (FI) among U.S. students and assess how sample characteristics correlate with the prevalence. Studies were identified via systematic searches in 4 electronic databases, reviewing websites of relevant organizations, and contacting authors of related studies. For inclusion, studies needed to have: 1) collected data and/or been published after 1995; 2) been written in English; 3) reported quantitative categorical outcomes of U.S. college students related to FI; 4) indicated method of evaluating FI; and 5) provided no intervention. Studies were independently screened for inclusion by 2 researchers. Data extractions for each study included design, sampling and recruitment strategies, sample size and demographics, institution type, FI assessment methods, and reported FI prevalence. Prevalence of FI among university students was estimated overall, by institution type, and by FI assessment method, using a random effects model. In total, 54 unique samples were meta-analyzed from 70 published reports. The majority were cross-sectional (96%) and used convenience or census sampling (67%) with sample sizes ranging from 49 to 26,131. The weighted prevalence of FI among college students was 37% (95% CI = 32%, 42%). Samples that included community college students resulted in significantly greater (P = 0.019) FI prevalence estimates when compared to samples with exclusively university students (44% [95% CI = 31%, 57%] versus 36% [95% CI = 31%, 41%]). The survey used to classify FI status was also significantly related to the resulting prevalence estimate (P < 0.001). The abbreviated 6-item USDA Food Security Survey Module resulted in the most liberal estimate (46%; 95% CI = 41%, 52%) while the 18-item household module was the most conservative (17%, 95%CI = 12%, 22%). About 37% of U.S. college students report experiences of FI. This estimate is impacted by academic institution type and survey tool used. Given that estimates of FI among students are used to garner support for interventions and policy changes, it is concerning that estimates are impacted by the survey tool used. Further studies evaluating the accuracy of FI estimates among this population are warranted. This work was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture grant no. ILLU-470-356.
An Undergraduate Experiment To Explore Cu(II) Coordination Environment in Multihistidine Compounds through Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy

Electron spin resonance (ESR) or electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is an incisive technique for the characterization of paramagnetic centers in inorganic, bioinorganic, and organic molecules and materials. These measurements are enabled with the help of paramagnetic species, such as organic free radicals and ions, electronically excited states, and metal–ligand compounds, some of which with biological importance. In this experiment, analogues of histidine–copper coordination compounds are investigated to show students how ESR line shapes depend on the complexed copper ion electronic structure as well as how the spectral features elucidate the coordination environment of copper. These coordinated compounds play an important role in metal ion coordination in proteins and peptides. The experiment has two parts. First, three copper–imidazole complexes that mimic copper–histidine compounds in the human body are synthesized. Second, the ESR spectrum of each complex is obtained at 77 K from frozen chloroform/methanol and acetonitrile/methanol matrixes and used to elucidate the ligand arrangement of the Cu2+ ion and the effect on the unpaired electron density.
The role of interventional radiology in the treatment of acute thrombosis and chronic veno-occlusive disease in children and adolescents

Abstract Pediatric venous thromboembolic disease is increasing in incidence in both inpatient and outpatient populations. A collaborative, multidisciplinary approach between interventional radiology (IR), hematology, anesthesiology, and critical care medicine provides the highest level of care for such patients. This review focuses on the clinical management of venous thromboembolic disease and the potential role of pediatric IR in treating these conditions.
CS265 web network and web site management development of a core course in the Internet technology minor curriculum

The Internet is rapidly expanding into the world of commerce and communication media. The students in many different college majors, including CS and CIS, have an increasing desire to learn more about the Internet and what, where, when, why and how it is used. The question that they have is "How can they get involved and learn about the Internet as it relates to their major field of interest. Our current college students are witnessing a phenomenal effort by organizations of all types (e.g., government agencies, educational institutions, corporations, and small businesses) to exploit the web to deliver information to prospective customers and clients. Developing web applications requires people skilled in the use of state-of-the-art technologies such as HTML, DHTML, CGI, Java or JavaScript, JavaBeans, Microsoft's ActiveX and XML (eXtensible Markup Language). In addition, there is a need for an understanding of Internet information architecture, distributed systems, client-server capabilities, user-interface usability, web-based databases, maintaining security, designing “effective” web pages, and maintaining a web site/server. This paper describes the development of CS265 “Web Network and Web Site Management” a core course in an innovative curriculum for a Computer Sciences minor in Internet Technology. CS265 has been developed within a minor that includes several aspects of Internet-related computing science that are interesting to both the CS/CIS major and non-major alike. This paper presents the development of a successful course curriculum including lectures, lab exercises and projects. It is the intention that the variety of lectures, lab exercises and projects for CS265, “Web Network and Web Site Management,” presented here may easily be adapted into any computer science curriculum wishing to include a focus on programming for the Internet and the information systems involved.
Acute Kidney Injury in a Predominantly African American Cohort of Kidney Transplant Recipients With COVID-19 Infection.

Renal involvement in severe or critical acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is frequent. Acute kidney injury (AKI) in African American (AA) kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with COVID-19 is not well described. We report our experience with a predominantly AA cohort (79%) of KTRs with COVID-19 infections in the Detroit Metropolitan area. Methods In this retrospective, single-center study, we identified 39 KTRs who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between March 16 and April 25th, 2020. Data from electronic medical records were retrieved and compared between KTRs without AKI and KTRs with AKI. Results One pt was excluded due to DGF. Final analysis of AKI in KTRs with proven COVID-19 was done on 38 patients of which 30 were AA (79%). AKI occurred in 71.1% of COVID-19 KTRs (n=27), of whom 6 (22.2%) patients required HD. The incidence of AKI in our cohort was 71% (27/38). AKI rate among AA was 76.7% vs. 50% in non-AA cohort (p=0.195). In a univariate logistic regression analysis, AA race was not significantly associated with AKI OR (3.4, CI [0.68-17.4], p=0.14). After risk adjustment by race, patients with diabetes showed a significantly higher risk of AKI (adjusted OR 19.85 CI [1.65-58.66], p=0.012). KTRs with AKI had more preexisting RAAS inhibitor use than KTRs without AKI (P=0.03). Conclusions KTRs infected with SARS-CoV-2 have a high incidence of AKI, with associated increased morbidity and mortality. Though no racial differences in mortality were noted in our KTRs with AKI, we await data from registries to help elucidate this difference.
American Trickster: Trauma, Tradition and Brer Rabbit: by Emily Zobel Marshall. London: Rowman & Littlefield, 2019. 182 pp. Illus. £24.95 (pbk). ISBN 978-1-78348-109-5

Most people are familiar, at least in passing, with the folktales of Brer Rabbit. We know him foremost as the clever and carefree animated star of Disney’s 1946 film Song of the South, in which he ...
Non-Human Glycans Can Regulate Anti-FVIII Antibody Formation in Mice.

Recombinant Factor VIII (FVIII) products represent a life-saving intervention for patients with hemophilia A. However, patients can develop antibodies against FVIII that prevent FVIII function and directly increase morbidity and mortality. The development of anti-FVIII antibodies varies depending on the type of recombinant product employed, with previous studies suggesting that 2nd generation baby hamster kidney (BHK)-derived FVIII products display greater immunogenicity than 3rd generation Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-derived FVIII. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these differences remain incompletely understood. Our results demonstrate that BHK cells express higher levels of the non-human carbohydrate a1-3 galactose (aGal) than CHO cells, suggesting that aGal incorporation onto FVIII may result in anti-aGal antibody recognition that could positively influence the development of anti-FVIII antibodies. Consistent with this, BHK-derived FVIII exhibits increased levels of aGal, which corresponds to increased reactivity with anti-aGal antibodies. Infusion of BHK-derived, but not CHO-derived, FVIII into aGal knock out mice, which spontaneously generate anti-aGal antibodies, results in significantly higher anti-FVIII antibody formation, suggesting that the increased levels of aGal on BHK-derived FVIII can influence immunogenicity. These results suggest that post-translational modifications of recombinant FVIII products with non-human carbohydrates may influence the development of anti-FVIII antibodies.
The Use of Longitudinal Data on Social Security Program Knowledge

This article presents and compares results from the first two waves of Understanding America Study (UAS) surveys of public knowledge about Social Security programs. The article briefly reviews the Social Security Administration’s past efforts to gauge public knowledge of the programs, describes the UAS survey instrument used in the current effort, and presents survey results with detail by respondent age, education, and financial literacy level. Among the authors’ findings are that younger workers with lower levels of education and financial literacy are logical targets for agency informational outreach and interventions.
The Impact of Parenting Styles on Subsequent Parenting Styles in Sons

Research indicates that there is continuity in both maladaptive ( Chen & Kaplan, 2004) and positive parenting from one generation to the next. Within the topic of parenting, intergenerational trans...
Swallowing After Primary TORS and Unilateral or Bilateral Radiation for Low- to Intermediate-Risk Tonsil Cancer.

Objective The primary course of treatment for patients with low- to intermediate-risk tonsil cancer has evolved with a shift toward primary transoral robotic surgery (TORS) or radiation therapy (RT). While favorable outcomes have been reported after deintensification via unilateral TORS or RT (uniRT), comparisons of functional outcomes between these treatments are lacking. We compared clinical outcomes (Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity [DIGEST] and feeding tube [FT]) and patient-reported swallowing outcomes (MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory [MDADI]) based on primary treatment strategy: TORS, uniRT, or bilateral RT (biRT). Study design Secondary analysis of prospective cohort. Setting Single institution. Methods The study sample comprised 135 patients with HPV/p16+ T1-T3, N0-2b (American Joint Committee on Cancer, seventh edition), N0-1 (eighth edition) squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil were sampled from a prospective registry. Modified barium swallow studies graded per DIGEST, FT placement and duration, and MDADI were collected. Results Baseline DIGEST grade significantly differed among treatment groups, with higher dysphagia prevalence in the TORS group (34%) vs the biRT group (12%, P = .04). No significant group differences were found in DIGEST grade or dysphagia prevalence at subacute and longitudinal time points (P = .41). Mean MDADI scores were similar among groups at baseline (TORS, 92; uniRT, 93; biRT, 93; P = .90), subacute (TORS, 83; uniRT, 88; biRT, 82; P = .38) and late time points (TORS, 86; uniRT, 86; biRT, 87; P = .99). FT placement and duration significantly differed among primary treatment groups (FT [median days]: TORS, 89% [3]; uniRT, 8% [82]; biRT, 37% [104]; P Conclusion While TORS and uniRT offer optimal functional outcomes related to dysphagia, results suggest that no measurable clinician-graded or patient-reported differences in swallow outcomes exist among these primary treatment strategies and biRT. Aside from baseline differences that drive treatment selection, differences in FT rate and duration by primary treatment strategy likely reflect diverse toxicities beyond dysphagia.
Preparation of plastic mounted brain specimens.

A technique is described for producing plastic embedded brain slices. These specimens are valuable teaching aids which may be viewed by reflected or transmitted light, with or without magnification. Vessels which contain clotted blood are clearly seen in these specimens.
Assessing and Treating Latinos: Overview of Research

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an overview of research on cultural theories and mental health in the Latino community. Discussion argues that current conceptualizations of cultural models may help the mental health services communities move beyond stereotypes and oversimplifications of the Latino culture. The measurement of cultural constructs is discussed in order to understand how to assess individuals as cultural beings. Further, recommendations for when and how to tailor diagnosis and treatment to be culturally appropriate are provided. The chapter also argues that culture is a social element that permeates every aspect of an individual, and so, it is crucial to understand culture and its influences. Moreover, if one is to be guided by a truly comprehensive biopsychosocial model of health research, one needs to begin to take into account not only the patients, but also their social context, such as socioeconomic and sociocultural stressors. Individual, group, and cultural differences should be an essential and systematic aspect of applying principles of human behavior to promote wellness.