cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Escherichia coli Strains Engineered for Homofermentative Production of d-Lactic Acid from Glycerol

Given its availability and low price, glycerol has become an ideal feedstock for the production of fuels and chemicals. We recently reported the pathways mediating the metabolism of glycerol in Escherichia coli under anaerobic and microaerobic conditions. In this work, we engineer E. coli for the efficient conversion of glycerol to d-lactic acid (d-lactate), a negligible product of glycerol metabolism in wild-type strains. A homofermentative route for d-lactate production was engineered by overexpressing pathways involved in the conversion of glycerol to this product and blocking those leading to the synthesis of competing by-products. The former included the overexpression of the enzymes involved in the conversion of glycerol to glycolytic intermediates (GlpK-GlpD and GldA-DHAK pathways) and the synthesis of d-lactate from pyruvate (d-lactate dehydrogenase). On the other hand, the synthesis of succinate, acetate, and ethanol was minimized through two strategies: (i) inactivation of pyruvate-formate lyase (DeltapflB) and fumarate reductase (DeltafrdA) (strain LA01) and (ii) inactivation of fumarate reductase (DeltafrdA), phosphate acetyltransferase (Deltapta), and alcohol/acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (DeltaadhE) (strain LA02). A mutation that blocked the aerobic d-lactate dehydrogenase (Deltadld) also was introduced in both LA01 and LA02 to prevent the utilization of d-lactate. The most efficient strain (LA02Deltadld, with GlpK-GlpD overexpressed) produced 32 g/liter of d-lactate from 40 g/liter of glycerol at a yield of 85% of the theoretical maximum and with a chiral purity higher than 99.9%. This strain exhibited maximum volumetric and specific productivities for d-lactate production of 1.5 g/liter/h and 1.25 g/g cell mass/h, respectively. The engineered homolactic route generates 1 to 2 mol of ATP per mol of d-lactate and is redox balanced, thus representing a viable metabolic pathway.
PAIN MANAGEMENT IN CHILDREN WITH ADVANCED CANCER AND DURING END-OF-LIFE CARE

Department of Pain Medicine and Palliative Care,Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA“A principle of pharmacokinetics teaches us that unless the drug reaches the site ofaction, it cannot be expected to exert its dynamic effect. With morphine the situationis that when the drug dose not reach the patient, what hope is there for pain relief?”
Expecting to eat: glucagon-like peptide-1 and the anticipation of meals.

We have known for more than a century that the sight, smell, and taste of food can provoke a number of physiological responses referred to as cephalic because they are initiated by the central nervous system (CNS) and not by direct gastrointestinal contact with food (1,2,3). These responses can be elicited by previously arbitrary cues that have become associated with the presentation of food, including sounds or time of day (4). In this sense, cephalic phase responses are a physiological manifestation of an animal’s prediction that food is on the way. Cephalic insulin and pancreatic polypeptide responses have been among the most well studied, and such food-anticipatory secretions are observed in multiple species, including humans (3,5,6). A variety of evidence suggests that the function of these cephalic responses is to better prepare the organism to handle the influx of nutrients about to occur (7). Several studies support the idea that these cephalic responses are indeed required for an animal to be fully capable of ingesting large meals; in their absence, intake is reduced (8,9). In this issue, Vahl et al. (10) reported that we can now add glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 to the list. Using rats maintained on a highly restrictive meal-feeding schedule, which tends to exaggerate meal-anticipatory responses, they identified a robust premeal rise in plasma GLP-1 levels. Moreover, they showed that intake during that scheduled meal was reduced by blockade of GLP-1 receptors during the premeal period.
Bony bumps in the mouth.

Torus palatinus and torus mandibularis are benign bony overgrowths arising from cortical bone.
A Longitudinal Study of Offset Agreements in the US Aircraft Industry: 1966–1990

This paper presents data on twenty-three offset agreements in the US aircraft industry over the period 1966–1990. Data were gathered from a number of published sources. Sample charac-eristies are discussed in the context of current trends and concerns in the industry, and implications for the future of this type of trading are addressed. Recommendations and caveats are formulated for consideration by industry managers.
Circular automata

We define a finite-state machine called a circular automata (CA) which processes information in a queue; we show that any function computed (or any language recognized) by such a machine is computable (recognizable) by a Turing machine and vice versa. Space and time bounds are given for the needed simulations. Furthermore, the class of languages recognized by (non-) deterministic linear bounded automata is equal to the class of languages recognized by (non-) deterministic CA which don't expand the length of the contents of the queue. Whether every language recognized by such a non-expanding CA is recognized by a deterministic one is equivalent to the famous LBA problem.CA can be viewed as generalizations of ordinary finite automata and as a Shepherdson-Sturgis single register machine programming language. An interesting model of a non-expanding CA is that of a finite-state machine which process tapes in the form of a loop. This appears to be a very natural way to process magnetic tape which circles back on itself.
AB0594 Pulmonary Artery Aneurysms (PAA) in Behcet's Disease (BD): A Review of the Literature

Background PAA secondary to BD is a rare condition but also is the leading cause of mortality. It is not usually investigated in BD unless there is a specific complaint. Although there have been increasing numbers of case reports on PAA from the countries in which it is common, total case numbers published, treatment modalities used and prognosis in the literature to date are not documented. Objectives To review the literature based on the cases with PAA and BD. Methods The countries which have over four million people from each continent were chosen (n=128). A PubMed search for “BD, PAA and the country name” was conducted and 18 countries with BD and PAA were identified. The full texts of articles (n=76) were obtained from these countries and the data including gender, age, treatment modalities and mortality rates were collected. When more than 5 cases were presented, it was accepted as case series. Results There were a total of 191 cases (171 Male, 20 Female). The mean age of patients was 32±10. These have been published between 1981 and 2012. There were 82 case reports and 8 case series in total. The case series were reported from Turkey (n=7) and France (n=1). The most of the cases were from Turkey (n=135) (71%). One hundred eleven patients (58%) were treated with immunosuppressive therapy. The biologic treatment was only used in two (1%) patients from UK and USA. In 17 (9%) patients, embolization was chosen and it was more commonly used in patients from France. Forty one (22%) patients underwent surgery and it was more common in Iran, Israel and Tunisia. Of the 191 patients, 59 (31%) patients died and the death in 18 (31%) patients was related to the surgery (table). Conclusions PAA is a rare condition and it is mostly reported as case reports from the countries where BD is more commonly found. Although the treatment modalities chosen could be different among the countries, the immunosuppressive treatment is the most common treatment used. The surgery carries out a high mortality risk. Disclosure of Interest None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.6064
Who will fit in? the impacts of outside ceo successors' prior experience with board diversity

Research on boards suggests that the degree of demographic diversity among directors is a primary board feature that influences how directors monitor and advise the CEO. We draw from upper echelon ...
Third party assessment of resection margin status in head and neck cancer

Summary Background Definitive assessment of primary site margin status following resection of head and neck cancer is necessary for prognostication, treatment determination and qualification for clinical trials. This retrospective analysis determined how often an independent reviewer can assess primary tumor margin status of head and neck cancer resections based on review of the pathology report, surgical operative report, and first follow-up note alone. Methods We extracted from the electronic medical record pathology reports, operative reports, and follow-up notes from head and neck cancer resections performed at Stanford Hospital. We classified margin status as definitive or not. We labeled any pathology report clearly indicating a positive, negative, or close ( Results 743 unique cases of head and neck cancer resection were extracted. We discarded 255 as non-head and neck cancer cases, or cases that did not involve a definitive resection of a primary tumor site. We could not definitively establish margin status in 20% of resections by independent review of the medical record. There was no correlation between margin determination and surgeon, site, or year of surgery. Conclusion A substantial fraction (20%) of primary site surgical margins could not be definitively determined via independent EMR review. This could have implications for subsequent patient care decisions and clinical trial options.
Analysis on food safety emergency drill of CDCs in Shijiazhuang City of Hebei Province

[Objective]To improve the ability to respond to the food safety emergency in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCs) in Shijiazhuang City,regulate the process of investigation and disposal in all counties(districts).[Methods]A simulated case of mass food safety emergency was formulated,under the unified process,the food safety emergency drill in all CDCs in Shijiazhuang City were examined during the same period.[Results]The close-book examinations with same contents were conducted before and after the drill,and the average points in all counties(districts) increased greatly,which the Z value in urban areas,county-level cities,plain counties and mountain counties was respectively-2.214,-2.023,2.207 and-2.375,while the P value was respectively 0.026,0.043,0.027 and 0.01,and the differences were statistically significant.After training,the points of accident reports increased from(51.42 ± 17.25) to(77.14 ± 13.02),and the points of final reports increased from(68.14±7.22) to(80.42±3.40).[Conclusion]After the drill,the ability to respond to the food safety emergency in all CDCs in Shijiazhuang City has been improved.According to the problems in the drill,the training about basic knowledge of investigation and disposal of food safety emergency should be strengthened,and the process of investigation and disposal needs to be further standardized.
Kinetics of O2 Entry and Exit in Monomeric Sarcosine Oxidase via Markovian Milestoning Molecular Dynamics.

The flavoenzyme monomeric sarcosine oxidase (MSOX) catalyzes a complex set of reactions currently lacking a consensus mechanism. A key question that arises in weighing competing mechanistic models of MSOX function is to what extent ingress of O2 from the solvent (and its egress after an unsuccessful oxidation attempt) limits the overall catalytic rate. To address this question, we have applied to the MSOX/O2 system the relatively new simulation method of Markovian milestoning molecular dynamics simulations, which, as we recently showed [Yu et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 3041], accurately predicted the entry and exit kinetics of CO in myoglobin. We show that the mechanism of O2 entry and exit, in terms of which possible solvent-to-active-site channels contribute to the flow of O2, is sensitive to the presence of the substrate-mimicking competitive inhibitor 2-furoate in the substrate site. The second-order O2 entry rate constants were computed to be 8.1 × 106 and 3.1 × 106 M–1 s–1 for bound and apo MS...
Academic medicine and medical industrialism: the regulation of secret remedies in nineteenth-century France.

Analyse chronologique de l'histoire de la standardisation et de la politique nationale en matiere de protection (secrets) des produits pharmaceutiques et des techniques medicales utilises en France au cours du 19 e siecle
Monitoring Carbon Dioxide and Methane Levels above Retired Landfill and Forest Control Site with a Tethered Aerostat to Determine Remediation Effectiveness

The chemical composition of the ambient air not only affects the health of human beings, but also the health of the planet. This study examined how the decay of waste matter influenced the concentration of carbon dioxide and methane in ambient air. By measuring the level of these two gases above a forest control site and a retired landfill site, the researchers analyzed the effectiveness of the remediation methods utilized on the retired landfill in reducing carbon dioxide and methane emissions. Two carbon dioxide sensors, affixed to a payload, hung beneath a tethered aerostat. The collected data seemed to show that the concentration of carbon dioxide on the retired landfill was equal to the concentration at the control site. However, as the data may have been influenced by sensor limitations, more analysis needs to be done to make conclusions about the remediation effectiveness.
Trends of Predator Losses of Sheep and Lambs Calculated from U.S. Department of Agriculture Mortality Statistics

Sheep and lamb losses to predators have been determined since 1958. Predators kill many more lambs than sheep and therefore the upward trend of lamb losses in relation to sheep losses indicates that relative predator losses are increasing. Losses were estimated separately for each of the 33 states that showed definite losses and were then added together for areas and for the United States. The fact that independent estimates of predator losses in National Forest regions showed a high correlation with losses estimated from U.S. Department of Agriculture mortality data helps verify the accuracy of each set of estimates. During the 21-year period from 1958 through 1978, the area of predator damage was enlarged as losses tended to increase both eastward and southward. In general, adult sheep losses were about one third as great as lamb losses in the range states and two thirds as great in the farm states. Total numerical losses of sheep and lambs to predators were 1.5 million head in 1958 and 1.3 million in 1979. The percentage of loss steadily increased from 4.0 in 1958 to 6.8 in 1977, the year of the greatest percentage of loss. Sheep numbers declined during this period, in part because of predator losses. In fact, predator losses appear to have been a major cause of the decline of the sheep industry since 1960. The value of the loss increased fairly steadily from a low of $25 million in 1961 to a high of $103 million in 1979, the most recent year statistics were available. All of the eastern states showed relatively minor losses when compared with losses in the western states. Predator losses have had a significant effect on income from sheep. On the average, net income per ewe in 1974 would have increased from $3.88 to 8.12 if predator losses could have been eliminated.
The Role of the School Leader in Collaboration Between Regular and Special Education Teachers

In 2004, the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) aligned to language found in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA 2004). This reauthorization required students with disabilities to have access to the same curriculum as their non-disabled peers. This languages means that practices in instruction and assessment for students with disabilities must be aligned to the academic content standards established in each state (Parrish & Stodden, 2009). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of school leadership within the context of teacher collaboration and the factors that contribute to their level of leadership and participation. The design of this research process focused on exploring and understanding the role of school leaders in rural public school settings in collaborative process between general and special educators. Qualitative research where the researcher will subscribe to the social constructivism paradigm and a phenomenological hermeneutic method were used. The scope of the study consisted of observing regular and special education teachers engaged in a collaborative planning and delivery of instruction followed by interviews with school leaders.
Eine Bitte an Thomas Jefferson um Tabaksamen und Tabak: ein unveröffentlichter Brief Alexander von Humboldts

Zusammenfassung Dieser Beitrag behandelt einen bisher unveroffentlichen Brief Alexander von Humboldts an Thomas Jefferson. Der Brief bietet uns einen aufschlussreichen Einblick in die personlichen, politischen und wissenschaftlichen Netzwerke Humboldts und schliest eine Lucke in der Humboldt-Jefferson-Korrespondenz. Abstract This contribution discusses an hitherto unpublished letter written by Alexander von Humboldt to Thomas Jefferson. The letter offers us an illuminating insight into Humboldts personal, political and scientific networks and closes gap in the correspondence between Humboldt and Jefferson. Resumen Este articulo trata una carta escrita por Alexander von Humboldt a Thomas Jefferson y hasta ahora inedita. La carta nos ofrece una mirada reveladora de las redes personales, politicas y cientificas de Humboldt y llena un vacio en la correspondencia entre Humboldt y Jefferson.
Towards an Inventory of English Verb Argument Constructions

This paper outlines and pilots our approach towards developing an inventory of verb-argument constructions based upon English form, function, and usage. We search a tagged and dependency-parsed BNC (a 100-million word corpus of English) for Verb-Argument Constructions (VACs) including those previously identified in the pattern grammar resulting from the COBUILD project. This generates (1) a list of verb types that occupy each construction. We next tally the frequency profiles of these verbs to produce (2) a frequency ranked type-token distribution for these verbs, and we determine the degree to which this is Zipfian. Since some verbs are faithful to one construction while others are more promiscuous, we next produce (3) a contingency-weighted list reflecting their statistical association. To test whether each of these measures is a step towards increasing the learnability of VACs as categories, following principles of associative learning, we examine 20 verbs from each distribution. Here we explore whether there is an increase in the semantic cohesion of the verbs occupying each construction using semantic similarity measures. From inspection, this seems to be so. We are developing measures of this using network measures of clustering in the verb-space defined by WordNet and Roget's Thesaurus.
A High Power Medium Voltage Resonant Dual Active Bridge for MVDC Ship Power Networks

This paper presents the design and control of a megawatt scale, medium voltage, medium frequency resonant dual active bridge dc-dc converter operating as a bus-tie converter in a dc distribution network. The high voltage (HV) side of the converter is designed using series connected low voltage (LV) devices to efficiently operate at higher switching frequencies. A combined variable frequency and phase-shift control method is proposed to achieve input-output power flow and voltage control, while maintaining soft switching operation for both the HV and LV bridges. Two 1 MW converter prototypes operated in a back-to-back arrangement are presented to validate the proposed topology and control.
The Role of the Human Mirror Neuron System in Supporting Communication in a Digital World

Humans use both verbal and non-verbal communication to interact with others and their environment and increasingly these interactions are occurring in a digital medium. Whether live or digital, learning to communicate requires overcoming the correspondence problem: There is no direct mapping, or correspondence between perceived and self-produced signals. Reconciliation of the differences between perceived and produced actions, including linguistic actions, is difficult and requires integration across multiple modalities and neuro-cognitive networks. Recent work on the neural substrates of social learning suggests that there may be a common mechanism underlying the perception-production cycle for verbal and non-verbal communication. The purpose of this paper is to review evidence supporting the link between verbal and non-verbal communications, and to extend the hMNS literature by proposing that recent advances in communication technology, which at times have had deleterious effects on behavioral and perceptual performance, may disrupt the success of the hMNS in supporting social interactions because these technologies are virtual and spatiotemporal distributed nature.
Triazolam caused sedation and impairment of psychomotor performance in elderly persons

Source Citation Greenblatt DJ, Harmatz JS, Shapiro L, et al. Sensitivity to triazolam in the elderly. N Engl J Med. 1991 Jun 13;324:1691-8.
Advances in Spinal Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Healthy and Injured Spinal Cords

This review provides an overview of the current spinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies that investigate the healthy and injured spinal cords. Spinal fMRI-derived outcome measures have previously been suggested to be sensitive to changes in neurological function in the spinal cord. A body of recent task-activated fMRI studies seems to confirm that detecting neural activity in the spinal cord using spinal fMRI may be feasible as well as reliable. Furthermore, a growing number of studies have shown that resting state fMRI in the spinal cord is also feasible, demonstrating that the investigation of changes in neural activity can also be performed in the absence of explicit tasks. Current task-activated and resting state fMRI studies suggest that spinal fMRI has a strong potential to provide novel imaging biomarkers that can be used to investigate plastic changes in the injured spinal cord.
Understanding Parenting Influence on Chinese University Students’ Well-Being

Because emotional and behavioural problems among young adults are an evolving public health concern, it is critical to identify parenting behaviour in family of origin that prevents or exacerbates such problems. Further, it is particularly important to focus on university students in China, a country with rapid growth in university student population and changing dynamics of parenting. In this study, I proposed and tested the impact of multiple dimensions of parenting behaviour (parental warmth, hostility and overprotection) during childhood and adolescent years on behavioural and emotional problems (anxiety, depression and drinking behaviour) among Chinese university students who were entering university and starting their independent living. Using a sample of 545 university students attending a large university in China, results from logistic and multiple linear regression analyses suggested that: (1) fathers’ hostility was associated with university students’ report of drinking and anxiety, and (2) mothers’ overprotection was associated with anxiety and depression. Lack of findings on the effects of parental warmth may suggest cultural variation in expression of parental warmth. Further, the findings revealed some gender differences in parenting behaviour. Other demographics were also included. Implications for cross-cultural comparisons and parenting and university student health interventions were discussed.
The Origins of New Voices USA: A Lesson in Teaching Advocacy to Improve Teaching and Learning.

For more than 30 years, student journalists’ freedom of expression has been in flux. Freedom of expression is central to journalism education. Without this freedom, teaching students the courage an...
Low quality evidence for treatment approaches for oro-antral communications

Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline via Ovid, Embase via Ovid, US National Institutes of Health Trials Registry and the World Health Organisation (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched until July 2015 followed by hand searching of relevant references. Using no language restrictions, two authors independently assessed for inclusion of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating any intervention for treating oro-antral communications (OAC) and oro-antral fistulae (OAF) due to dental procedures. Quasi-RCTs and crossover trials were excluded. Two authors independently assessed for inclusion, resolved disagreement by discussion and a third reviewer was consulted if necessary. was determined independently by using GRADE 2004. For the dichotomous outcome complete closure, they expressed the estimate effect as risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). A single study that started with 22 participants was included in the review where the overall risk of bias was judged as unclear. The main outcome was complete closure. The study compared pedicled buccal fat pad flap (PBFPF) with buccal flap (BF) and showed no difference in the closure of OAC, with a calculated RR of 1.00, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.20. Very low quality evidence from a small single study provided insufficient proof to judge if there is a difference in the effectiveness of the interventions.
Color change in the Sargassum crab, Portunus sayi : response to diel illumination cycle and background albedo

Floating mats of Sargassum macroalgae provide a model system for studying multiple aspects of animal coloration. The endemic crab Portunus sayi has heterogeneous yellow and brown patterning, which matches its algal background. We show that by fluctuating the chromatophores underneath its transparent carapace, the crab can alter its coloration within hours in response to diel variability in the ambient light field and to changes in background reflectance. Held in a naturalistic illumination and temperature regime, P. sayi displayed a distinct diel cycle of coloration, being pale at night and darker during the day. Individuals under constant illumination showed a modified cycle, retaining their nocturnal shading but becoming significantly paler during day time. On monochromatic black, grey, and white surfaces, crabs showed an ability to change coloration in response to their backgrounds, as integrated reflectance (ΣR) of crabs generally followed background albedo. This study expands on earlier work which revealed that P. sayi utilizes a distinct camouflage strategy from other cryptic Sargassum crabs to achieve background color matching in the view of predators. Dynamic color change in this species may play roles including photoprotection and enhancing camouflage in a unique marine environment.
Effect of Sodium Pentachlorophenate on the Feeding Activity of the Lugworm, Arenicola cristata Stimpson

A benthic bioassay utilizing time-lapse photography was used to measure the effect of four concentrations of Na-PCP (45, 80,156 and 276 μg/1) on the feeding activity of Arenicola cristata. There was no marked effect on feeding activity at 45μg/1. Na-PCP significantly affected feeding activity at concentrations of 80,156, and 276μg/1. As the lugworm feeds it mixes organic material and oxygenated water into the substrate. Inhibition of this activity could affect benthic community trophic structure and substrate-water column dynamics.
Nonlinear radar via intermodulation of FM noise waveform pairs

To take advantage of the unique scattering responses associated with nonlinear radar, the predominant approach involves the detection of target-induced harmonics elicited by the interrogation of a single spectrally pure waveform (often a tone). In contrast, we consider the impact of using a pair of high-dimensional waveforms to realize a novel nonlinear intermodulation approach. The interrogating waveforms in this case are two unique sets of FM noise waveforms that also permit the high incident power necessary to induce a nonlinear response. Both waveforms reside in the resonant region of the device under test, with their intermodulated response signal made sufficiently separable from the second-order harmonics of each individual waveform in the same band by virtue of very high dimensionality. This framework, collectively denoted as shared-spectrum pseudorandom intermodulation (SSPRInt), is demonstrated via simulation and experimentally in a loopback configuration.
Semantic Interpretation of Inuit Structures

In this chapter, the seemingly exotic semantic facts of Inuit are shown to follow from the interaction of universal semantic principles (spelled out and motivated in sections 5 through 7 of chapter 1) with language-specific LF representations. For Inuit, the latter are derived (subject to the syntactic constraints discussed in section 7.1 of chapter 1) from s-structure representations which have already been motivated by independent syntactic evidence in chapters 1 and 2. The discussion focuses on the following semantic phenomena: default existential quantification (sec. 1), distributivity (sec. 2), semantic effects of argument raising at LF (sec. 3), and the semantic characteristics of nominative arguments (sec. 4).
Shut Your Mouth When You're Talking to Me: Silencing the Idealist School of Critical Race Theory Through a Culturalogical Turn in Jurisprudence

Critical Race Theory is currently caught between two conflicting ideologies; the realist and idealist traditions. The realist tradition, which was the tradition of the founders of CRT, has largely come under attack from individuals that have sought to incorporate Continental philosophy in the analysis of racism, the idealists. This idealist shift has forced Critical Race Theorists to abandon structural analyses of racism and focuses on how the philosophy of European thinkers allow for true self- realization without a racial or specific cultural identity. This autonomous self, through unclouded reason, can better arbitrate and determine values and the ideal construction of the social. Since it is only the un-raced self is not burdened by the historical weight of oppression, it is only the un-raced self that can see the truth, or the transcendental values of humanity. This view pretends that subjects can think or experience outside of their socio-cultural location. Drawing inspiration from Derrick Bell's Robesonian inclination, I propose a culturalogical system rooted in formative and transformative relationships African descended people have taken up with the world as an explanative theory of social construction.
A nonstandard representation of Borel measures and σ-finite measures

In this paper, we extend the results in [3] and [4] by considering some special * finite partitions of measurable spaces. We will show that an extension of the real line contains a linearly ordered * finite collection of compact sets on which every finite Borel measure is essentially concentrated. We will also show that a q-finite measure can be transformed into a counting measure by using partitions. In general, we use Robinson's notation [7] with the exception that the monad of a number a will be denoted by m(a). If we have an enlargement of a structure that contains the set R of real numbers, then * R denotes the set of nonstandard real numbers and * N, the set of nonstandard natural numbers. A set S is called * finite if there is an internal bijection from an initial segment of * N onto S; a * finite set has all of the "formal" properties of a finite set. Given b and C e * R we write b ~ c if b c is in m(O); when Ibl is bounded above by a standard real number, we write Ob for the unique standard real number in m(b)o For brevity, we write 7 e m+(O) if 7 ~ m(O) and 7 > O. Throughout this paper we will work with an infinite set X and an infinite o-algebra ~ of subsets of X. We will assume
IR-improved DGLAP parton shower effects in W + jets in p p collisions at s = 7 TeV

We use HERWIRI1.031, a new Monte Carlo event generator for hadron-hadron scattering at high energies, to study the phenomenological effects of our approach of exact amplitude-based resummation in precision QCD calculations. $W+\mathrm{jet}(\mathrm{s})$ events with exact NLO QCD corrections are generated in the MG5_aMC@NLO framework and showered by both HERWIRI1.031 and HERWIG6.5 with $\mathrm{PTRMS}=0$ and $\mathrm{PTRMS}=2.2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/c$, respectively. Here, PTRMS is the rms value of the intrinsic Gaussian transverse momentum distribution for the partons inside the proton. The differential cross sections for many observables are presented, such as the jet rapidities and the jet transverse momenta as well as other event observables such as the scalar sums of transverse momenta of the jets, the missing transverse energy of the jets and the dijets' observables. Finally, we compare our results with the ATLAS and CMS measurements of the $W$ production cross sections in association with jets.
Relation of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears to Potential Chronic Cardiovascular diseases

We have enrolled a cohort of former National Football League players (n = 3,506) who played since 1960 to assess potential long term health consequences associated with participating in the sport. Each participant has completed a self-administered questionnaire including reporting of physician-diagnosed health conditions. One of the early assessments was to evaluate whether anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears were associated with later life co-morbidities, including cardiovascular effects. We used Cox proportional hazards to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for joint replacement surgeries, myocardial infarction, sleep apnea, arthritis, dementia, and stroke by history of ACL tear during their professional career. For additional outcomes without date of occurrence reported we used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios adjusted for potential confounding variables in all models. After adjusting for covariates, former National Football League players who tore their ACL had approximately a twofold increase in muscular skeletal co-morbidities, including knee joint replacement and arthritis, compared with those without ACL tears. In addition, those with a history of ACL tears also had more than a 50% increased risk of myocardial infarction (HR 1.52; 95% confidence interval 0.97 to 2.38) and a slight increase in sleep apnea (HR 1.15; 95% confidence interval 0.96 to 1.38). ACL tears sustained by athletes may increase the risk of co-morbidities beyond the musculoskeletal system. As there are more than 100,000 ACL reconstructions annually in the United States, our findings could have widespread public health importance if these findings generalize to a population beyond professional football players. In conclusion, enhanced screening for other risk factors for these conditions in patients who have torn their ACL might identify those who could most benefit from prevention strategies.
Performance and Reliability of Asymmetrical Underlapped FinFET based 6T and 8T SRAMs in Sub-10nm Domain

In this paper, the performance and reliability of optimized 6T and 8T SRAM circuits using high I ON /I OFF ratio Asymmetrical Underlapped FinFETs are determined at a reduced supply voltage of 500mV. Performance of both SRAM designs are evaluated during read and write operations. 6T SRAM achieves 44.97% improvement in the read energy compared to 8T SRAM. However, 6T SRAM write energy degraded by 3.16% compared to 8T SRAM. Read stability and write ability of SRAM cells are determined using Static Noise Margin and N-curve methods. Moreover, Monte Carlo simulations are performed on the SRAM cells to evaluate process variations. Simulations were done in HSPICE using 7nm Asymmetrical Underlap FinFET technology.
Composted Turkey Litter: II. Effect on Plant Growth

Abstract Cotoneaster dammeri C.K. Schneid. ‘Skogholm’ and Hemerocallis sp. ‘Red Magic’ plants were potted into a pine bark substrate amended with 0, 4, 8, 12, or 16% (by vol) composted turkey litte...
Alternate Translational Initiation of Dystrophin: A Novel Therapeutic Approach

A founder allele in the DMD gene results in a syndrome ranging from minimally symptomatic Becker muscular dystrophy to asymptomatic hyperCKemia via expression of a highly functional N-terminal deleted version of the dystrophin protein (the ΔCH1 isoform). Translation of this protein results from utilization of a recently discovered internal ribosome entry site (IRES) within exon 5. The IRES is not active in the presence of a duplication of exon 2—the most common single-exon duplication—but is active in its absence. We have developed an AAV-encapsidated U7snRNA vector that targets and induces skipping of exon 2, resulting in either expression of a wild-type dystrophin or of the ΔCH1 isoform, either of which is therapeutic.
Clever Mutant Isolation: Defining the Components of Cell Biological Processes

Obtaining mutants of an organism that are defective in a complex cell biological process is an important approach for defining the nature of such a process. To illustrate the kinds of genetic approaches that are needed to obtain such mutants, three examples from bacterial genetics are given: (1) both the use of gene fusions and suppressor mutations has been important in elucidating how the cell recognizes and exports certain proteins from the cytoplasm, (2) a synthetic lethal mutant hunt led to the identification of key proteins involved in the process of cell division, and (3) an elaborate strain construction and mutant hunt based on a detailed knowledge of metabolism, enzymology, protein folding, and protein export led to an understanding of aspects of protein disulfide bond formation and reduction.
Changes in gastric contents in pigs fed a finely ground and pelleted or coarsely ground meal diet

The objective was to characterize the the proximal stomach of pigs fed the CGM diet. All pigs change in stomach contents in relation to time after on the CGM diet had stomachs that graded as normal feeding between pigs consuming a restricted amount of on visual inspection. There was variable damage to a finely ground and pelleted (FGP) or coarsely ground the stomachs of pigs on the FGP diet. Measurement of meal (CGM) diet. Particular interest was placed on the chromium concentration in the stomach after an oral concentration of organic acids and ammonia, the prod- dose of Cr-EDTA clearly demonstrated the mixing that ucts of microbial fermentation. Thirty barrows were occurs between the proximal and distal stomach by 2 ranked by weight and assigned to a postfeeding time h after feeding in pigs consuming the FGP diet, whereas of 2, 4, 6, 8, or 12 h and either the FGP or CGM diet, a gradient was maintained in pigs consuming the CGM Initiation and termination of the experiment were stag- diet. Thus, components normally secreted in the distal gered over a 2-wk period. The treatment period was 42 stomach return to the proximal stomach. These data d. Percentage of dry matter was higher (P <.01) in the show that components secreted in the distal region, stomach contents of pigs on the CGM diet. Concentra- such as acid and pepsin, may play a role in initiating tions of pepsin and protein were higher (P <.05) and damage to the stratified squamous mucosa. High conammonia tended to be higher (P =.10) in the proximal centrations of organic acids in the stomach of pigs on stomach of pigs fed the FGP diet. In contrast, concentra- the CGM diet were not associated with damage to the tions of acetate and L-lactate were higher (P <.05) in stratified squamous mucosa in the esophageal region.
A Fast Algorithm to Reduce 2 × n Bimatrix Games to Rank-1 Games

Many binary choice multi-agent problems, where one agent may have some private information, can be modeled as 2 × $n$ bimatrix games. We show here that all 2 × $n$ bimatrix games that are full rank are strategically equivalent to rank-1 games. Given the 2 × $n$ bimatrix game, we exploit the strategic equivalence among nonzero-sum games to derive another bimatrix game, which is a rank-1 game. We then devise a new polynomial time algorithm to solve 2 × $n$ bimatrix games. We conjecture that this algorithm has comparable performance to existing polynomial time algorithms for 2 × $n$ bimatrix games, such as support enumeration. We then comment on some applications and extensions.
Real World Data and Evidence: Support for Drug Approval: Applications to Kidney Diseases.

In 1962, Congress passed the Kefauver–Harris Amendments to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, which required manufacturers to provide evidence of effectiveness from adequate and well controlled studies before drug approval. Since then, the randomized, controlled trial (RCT), usually using data
“It's not like they're selling your data to dangerous people”: Internet privacy, teens, and (non-)controversial public issues

Abstract This study examines high school students' responses to a public policy discussion on the topic of Internet privacy. Specifically, students discussed the question of whether search engines and social media sites should be permitted to monitor, track, and share users’ personal data or whether such practices violate personal privacy. We observed discussions of the topic in four high school classrooms in 2015–2016, prior to the presidential election in 2016. We first explain why the topic failed to work as a controversial public issue with high schoolers. We then explain their responses to the issue. We found (1) students displayed a surprising trust in Facebook and Google; (2) students framed the issue of Internet Privacy as a conflict in values and a set of trade-offs; and (3) students tended to put more weight on personal responsibility than implications for democracy in their assessment of the (acknowledged) erosion of privacy as a result of social media and Internet search engines. We conclude with implications for social studies education and teacher education.
Atom music: exploring the atomic world through sound

Atom music is a fun and educational way to investigate the sound of the atomic world using music synthesis techniques to create atom “songs.” Students gain insight into the structure of sound and its relation to the structure of matter using Fourier analysis. By correlating the bright lines appearing in atomic spectra to audible tones, individual atom notes can be identified. These notes then comprise a musical scale that is unique to each element. From these scales, atom songs can be created using programs such as Audacity, Logic or Max. Specific atomic traits can be incorporated that allow for creativity in the making of an atom song. Digital synthesizers let the user create waveforms to any specification and allow students to explore the atomic world by creating their music. Simple molecules can be mimicked by combining the music of different atoms to form atom “bands.” More advanced students can use signal processing methods to gain deeper insight into the atom’s sound. Examples of how atom music has been used can be found in a recent article published online by Physics Today titled Composing Atom Music. This presentation explores some of the methods and software used to create atom music.
Back to the Future: Joint Aware Temporal Deep Learning 3D Human Pose Estimation.

We propose a new deep learning network that introduces a deeper CNN channel filter and constraints as losses to reduce joint position and motion errors for 3D video human body pose estimation. Our model outperforms the previous best result from the literature based on mean per-joint position error, velocity error, and acceleration errors on the Human 3.6M benchmark corresponding to a new state-of-the-art mean error reduction in all protocols and motion metrics. Mean per joint error is reduced by 1%, velocity error by 7% and acceleration by 13% compared to the best results from the literature. Our contribution increasing positional accuracy and motion smoothness in video can be integrated with future end to end networks without increasing network complexity. Our model and code are available at this https URL Keywords: 3D, human, image, pose, action, detection, object, video, visual, supervised, joint, kinematic
I'm Still Mom: Young Mothers Living With Advanced Breast Cancer.

Purpose To conduct a detailed content analysis of the theme "I'm still Mom" as described by young women living with advanced breast cancer. Participants & setting 12 young adult women living with advanced breast cancer were recruited from across the United States. Methodologic approach van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenologic method was used to analyze qualitative data from interviews and establish subthemes. Findings Women were a mean age of 36 years and had at least one child. The following three subthemes emerged from the overarching theme of I'm still Mom. Implications for nursing This study provides a foundation for additional research that can inform family-centered education and interventions to help align the parenting priorities of this cohort of women, as well as optimize their quality of life.
Attention-Enabled Network-level Traffic Speed Prediction

Traffic forecasting is critical for the planning and monitoring of modern urban systems. Time-series and junior machine learning methods are either point-based and rely on unrealistic assumptions, or fail to capture the dynamics of the complex traffic network (e.g., non-Euclidean and spatiotemporal). New models need (1) to represent efficiently the spatial dependency of transportation network, and (2) to model nonlinear temporal dynamics simultaneously. They are also expected to forecast for multiple time steps, i.e., long-term. This study investigates a highway sensor network as a graph. Specifically, the level of road network details required for graph deep learning is first discussed. Secondly, this paper proposes a new graph deep learning model enabling attention mechanism to predict speeds in the network. It captures spatial dependencies with adjacency matrices and graph convolutions, and learns temporal information with a recurrent neural network (RNN) structure. Lastly, performance of the proposed model is compared with literature on a real-world dataset. Experiments show that physical roadway linkages are sufficient for the representation, and the proposed attention-enabled model performs better in the prediction task.
A Quantitative Investigation of Language Policy in International Schools in East Asia

Many international schools develop a formal written language policy to address language learning and use. Additionally, schools often develop a language policy as part of an authorization and or accreditation process. Although a school may have a formal written language policy, sometimes teachers are unaware the policy exists. The purpose of this study was to examine teacher knowledge of language policy in English-medium international schools in East Asia. Additionally, the researchers explored whether there were differences in teacher knowledge of language policy between schools that have an affiliation with CIS, IB, and ACS WASC and schools with no affiliation. Further, the researchers examined how often teachers followed the language policy and if the policy defined the roles of teachers. This quantitative survey-based study had 544 participants, of whom 387 were teachers. The main finding revealed that a sizeable percentage of teachers reported that their school does not have a formal written language policy or were unsure if one exists. Additional findings revealed similarities in language policy knowledge between CIS and IB schools and schools with no affiliation. Further, less than half of the teachers follow the language policy consistently, and many policies do not specify teacher roles.