cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A low profile, low-RF band, small antenna for underground, in-situ sensing and wireless energy-efficient transmission

A key challenge to underground, in-situ soil sensing with wireless interface is the antenna size. Smaller operating frequency supports lower path losses but enhances the wavelength and hence the size of standard monpole (8.2 cm in height at 915MHz) or rectangular microstrip patch antenna (11.5 cm × 9.3 cm at 915 MHz), which is prohibitive for underground sensors. Lowering the frequency below 915MHz is not an option as it only further enhances the antenna size. To circumvent the size problem, a composite right-left handed (CRLH) microstrip patch antenna for wireless transmission at 915 MHz that doubles up as an underground, sensing element (external capacitor) has been designed and fabricated. The combined antenna/sensing CRLH patch integrates with the previously implemented on-board, multi-frequency dielectric based impedance sensor for soil moisture and nitrate determination and provides almost 93% reduction over the standard microstrip antenna size. As a proof of concept, the input impedance of the CRLH sensor, surrounded by the soil containing moisture and nitrate ions, is measured at multiple frequencies in the lab setting. It is shown that the change in moisture and nitrate can be successfully detected using the sensor. The small profile of the proposed antenna (3 cm × 2 cm), that is almost 93% smaller, makes it ideal for compact packaging.
Chaos during the oxidation of carbon monoxide on platinum—experiments and analysis

Abstract Experiments were conducted on the oxidation of carbon monoxide on a polycrystalline platinum ribbon in a gradientless, isothermal system. Qualitatively reproducible aperiodic oscillations were observed at two different states, and recently developed methods to identify the existence of a strange attractor, and thus deterministic chaos in phase space, were applied to the experimental data. These methods included Fourier power spectral analysis, Poincare sections, Poincare maps and the dimension and the Kolmogorov entropy of the attractor—all of which yielded results suggesting that the observed aperiodic behaviour is deterministic chaos and that a minimum of four state variables are necessary to model the system.
Synthesis of poly(meth)acrylates with thioether and tertiary sulfonium groups by ARGET ATRP and their use as siRNA delivery agents.

The field of RNA interference depends on the development of safe and efficient carriers for short interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) delivery. Conventional cationic monomers for siRNA delivery have utilized the nitrogen heteroatom to produce cationic charges. Here, we polymerized cationic sulfonium (meth)acrylate by activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to form polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions for siRNA delivery. The tertiary sulfonium species was stable toward dealkylation in water but less stable in the polar aprotic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide. Block copolymers poly(ethylene oxide) with poly(meth)acrylate containing sulfonium moieties were prepared as an siRNA delivery platform. Results suggested block copolymers were biocompatible up to 50 μg/mL in vitro and formed polyplexes with siRNA. Additionally, block copolymers protected siRNAs against endonuclease digestion and facilitated knockdown of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehy...
SANTYL® Collagenase as an effective debriding agent for burn wounds

Purpose: To demonstrate the effectiveness of using SANTYL® Collagenase in conjunction with mechanical debridement as the primary source of treatment for burn patients. This case report was on 61-year-old male with uncontrolled Type II Diabetes Mellitus, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, hypertension, and other comorbidities who presented with 1st degree burns on dorsum of 1st interdigital space of right foot. Methods: Mechanical debridement was performed initially at every encounter. Sterile Saline was then applied to clean the wound. Application of enzymatic debridement agent SANTYL® Collagenase (2mm thick) over the wound daily to obtain good clean granular base. Apply clean, dry and sterile dressingwithAquaphor® spray daily for moisture management. Patient was put into partial immobilization device to decrease forces to area of concern. Results: Baseline: The wound measured 0.8 cm×2.5 cm×0.1 cm. Wound had an eschar present, no drainage, erythematous base, and peeling of wound margins. Day 8: The wound measured 0.4 cm×1.25 cm×0.05 cm after sharp and enzymatic debridement (Santyl® Collagenase). There was no drainage present, decrease in erythematous base, no eschar present, and clear margins Day 15: The wound had fully healed without any presence of eschar or debris. Conclusions: The overall results show that using Santyl® Collagenase in conjunction with mechanical debridement was effective in treating burn wounds. Santyl® Collagenase is quick acting, removes devitalized tissue, results in full clearance, and causes less discomfort to the patient. The combination of this therapy allowed complete closure of the burnwound in under 28 days time. Further research should be conducted to support the efficacy of Santyl® Collagenase on different types of wounds.
A MULTIPLE‐BASELINE ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL‐SKILLS TRAINING IN CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENICS

Social-skills training was applied to two male chronic schizophrenics. Component behaviors of social skill requiring modification were identified for each patient by rating videotapes of role-played interactions. Training involved instructions and feedback for one subject and instructions, feedback, and modelling for the second. Target behaviors were treated sequentially and cumulatively in a multiple-baseline format. Training was applied for both positive and negative assertion and for situation involving males and females. The results were positive for all behaviors for both patients. Follow-ups at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after training indicated that most effects were maintained at near-treatment levels.
Comparison of precursor pools with leucine, α-ketoisocaproate, and phenylalanine tracers used to measure splanchnic protein synthesis in man

Relationships were determined between the labeling of leucine and phenylalanine at the intracellular site of protein synthesis in the pancreas and labeling of plasma leucine, its keto acid, alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC), and phenylalanine. Six healthy subjects were studied for 480 minutes during a primed constant infusion of [1-14C]leucine, and six healthy subjects were studied for 240 minutes with [1-14C]leucine, [4,5-3H]phenylalanine, and [1-13C]KIC. An oro-duodenal tube was placed and pancreatic exocrine fluid was sampled by duodenal aspiration during cholecystokinin stimulation. During the 480-minute study, in the final 120 minutes the specific activity (SA) of enzyme leucine (3.14 +/- 0.27 dpm/nmol) was lower than that of plasma leucine (4.18 +/- 0.30 dpm/nmol, P < .001), but was not different from that of plasma KIC (3.02 +/- 0.18 dpm/nmol). During the 240-minute study, protein synthesis rates of secreted pancreatic enzymes when calculated with [3H]phenylalanine were lower (P = .006) by 28% +/- 2% than rates based on [14C]KIC SA, and lower (P = .004) by 16% +/- 3% than those calculated using [14C]leucine SA. Incorporation of [13C]leucine into pancreatic enzymes was not different from that of [14C]leucine when [13C]leucine and [14C]KIC, respectively, were used to denote precursor labeling. The results indicate that plasma KIC SA reflects the precursor pool for pancreatic protein synthesis during leucine tracer infusion, and plasma leucine enrichment also reflects the precursor pool when [1-13C]KIC is infused in man. The precursor pool is erroneously overestimated when using plasma SA of [4,5-3H]phenylalanine or [1-14C]leucine.
Finite element form of FDV for widely varying flowfields

We present the Flowfield Dependent Variation (FDV) method for physical applications that have widely varying spatial and temporal scales. Our motivation is to develop a versatile numerical method that is accurate and stable in simulations with complex geometries and with wide variations in space and time scales. The use of a finite element formulation adds capabilities such as flexible grid geometries and exact enforcement of Neumann boundary conditions. While finite element schemes are used extensively by researchers solving computational fluid dynamics in many engineering fields, their use in space physics, astrophysical fluids and laboratory magnetohydrodynamic simulations with shocks has been predominantly overlooked. The FDV method is unique in that numerical diffusion is derived from physical parameters rather than traditional artificial viscosity methods. Numerical instabilities account for most of the difficulties when capturing shocks in these regimes. The first part of this paper concentrates on the presentation of our numerical method formulation for Newtonian and relativistic hydrodynamics. In the second part we present several standard simulation examples that test the method's limitations and verify the FDV method. We show that our finite element formulation is stable and accurate for a range of both Mach numbers and Lorentz factors in one-dimensional test problems. We also present the converging/diverging nozzle which contains both incompressible and compressible flow in the flowfield over a range of subsonic and supersonic regions. We demonstrate the stability of our method and the accuracy by comparison with the results of other methods including the finite difference Total Variation Diminishing method. We explore the use of FDV for both non-relativistic and relativistic fluids (hydrodynamics) with strong shocks in order to establish the effectiveness in future applications of this method in astrophysical and laboratory plasma environments.
Two Salt Bridges Differentially Contribute to Maintenance of CFTR Channel Function

Two salt bridges in human CFTR, R352-D993 and R347-D924, have been identified and both contribute to the native architecture of the open channel pore. Disease-related mutations R352W/Q/G and R347C/P/L/H destroy the salt bridges and result in destabilized pore structure and function in channels expressed heterologously. Questions remaining include whether these two interactions are formed sequentially or coincidently and whether the residues move similar distances during channel gating. R352C-D993C-CFTR expressed in oocytes can be latched into the open state by the bifunctional crosslinker MTS-2-MTS, suggesting that the distance between the two amino acids in the open state could be <4-6A. We are currently testing the R347C-D924C salt bridge with a similar technique. Results thus far suggest that the two interacting pairs contribute to stabilizing different phases of the gating cycle. Furthermore, some transmembrane residue mutations in CFTR have been shown to affect protein maturation such that channels fail to traffic to the plasma membrane (PM). Therefore, we transiently transfected GFP-tagged R352A-, D993A-, R347C-, and D924C-CFTR into HEK293 cells and found that R352A-GFP-CFTR was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, similarly to the well-characterized ΔF508-GFP-CFTR, while other salt bridge-destroying mutants including D993A-GFP-CFTR were trafficked to the plasma membrane, like WT-GFP-CFTR. Western blots of immunoprecipitated CFTR showed immature (band B) and mature (band C) forms for WT-GFP-CFTR and all salt bridge mutations except R352A-GFP-CFTR which only exhibited band B, like ΔF508-GFP-CFTR. R352A-GFP-CFTR was not able to be rescued to the PM by low-temperature incubation, although ΔF508-GFP-CFTR was rescued under identical conditions. These results suggest that the abnormal trafficking behavior of R352A-CFTR is not related to the salt bridge function of R352, supporting the idea that the R352-D993 interaction only forms in the open state upon channel activation. Support: NIH-R01-DK056481.
Response to incremental doses of dobutamine early after reperfusion is predictive of the degree of myocardial salvage in dogs with experimental acute myocardial infarction

Abstract OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether the inotropic response to dobutamine might be useful for estimating the extent of viable myocardium soon after reperfusion. BACKGROUND Early identification of viable myocardium in the presence of severe left ventricular dysfunction after reperfusion is important for clinical decision making. METHODS Nine open-chest dogs had left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion for 40 to 180 min, followed by gradual reperfusion. The systolic thickening response to incremental dobutamine doses was measured with ultrasonic crystals and regional flow by microspheres. RESULTS Dogs were divided into two groups based on triphenyl tetralozium chloride infarct size (group 1: 9.3 ± 3.0% risk area; group 2: 51.1 ± 4.8%). In group 2 dogs with larger infarcts, regional flow during peak dobutamine was lower than it was in group 1 in endocardial (1.15 ± 0.22 vs. 2.64 ± 0.33 mL·min−1·g−1) and midwall (1.47 ± 0.32 vs. 2.92 ± 0.36 mL·min−1·g−1) layers, and endocardial flow in group 2 failed to increase from baseline (0.96 ± 0.07 vs. 1.15 ± 0.22 mL·min−1·g−1). Group 1 dogs demonstrated a dose dependent increase in systolic thickening with dobutamine versus a blunted response in group 2. The inotropic response to only 10 μg·kg−1·min−1 of dobutamine was predictive of the degree of myocardial salvage. CONCLUSIONS In the early postischemic stunning phase of reperfusion, the inotropic response to dobutamine is predictive of the degree of myocardial salvage and ultimate infarct size. The ability to distinguish between stunned versus necrotic myocardium early after reperfusion was most likely due to the presence of subendocardial flow reserve during dobutamine in dogs with predominantly salvaged myocardium.
BCLW Mediates Survival of Postmitotic Sertoli Cells by Regulating BAX Activity

Male mice deficient in BCLW, a death-protecting member of the BCL2 family, are sterile due to an arrest in spermatogenesis that is associated with a gradual loss of germ cells and Sertoli cells from the testis. As Bclw is expressed in both Sertoli cells and diploid male germ cells, it has been unclear which of these cell types requires BCLW in a cell-autonomous manner for survival. To determine whether death of Sertoli cells in Bclw mutants is influenced by the protracted loss of germ cells, we examined testes from Bclw/c-kit double mutant mice, which lack germ cells from birth. Loss of BCLW-deficient Sertoli cells occurs in the absence of germ cells, indicating that germ cell death is not required to mediate loss of Sertoli cells in BCLW-deficient mice. This suggests that Sertoli cells require BCLW in a cell-intrinsic manner for long-term survival. The loss of Sertoli cells in Bclw mutants commences shortly after Sertoli cells have become postmitotic. In situ hybridization analysis indicates that Bclw is expressed in Sertoli cells both before and after exit from mitosis. Therefore, Bclw-independent pathways promote the survival of undifferentiated, mitotic Sertoli cells. We show that BAX and BAK, two closely related death-promoting members of the BCL2 family, are expressed in Sertoli cells. To determine whether either BAX or BAK activity is required for Sertoli cell death in Bclw mutant animals, we analyzed survival of Sertoli cells in Bclw/Bax and Bclw/Bak double homozygous mutant mice. While mutation of Bak had no effect, ablation of Bax suppressed the loss of Sertoli cells in Bclw mutants. Thus, BCLW mediates survival of postmitotic Sertoli cells in the mouse by suppressing death-promoting activity of BAX.
DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES IN THE ALGAL COENOCYTE CAULERPA PROLIFERA (SIPHONALES) AFTER INVERSION WITH RESPECT TO GRAVITY

The algal coenocyte Caulerpa prolifera produces three types of organs, each with a different orientation. The effect of gravity in controlling the development of these organs was investigated. We inverted plants by rotating them 1800 around the horizontal rhizome axis, then compared development of the inverted plants with plants matched by size and differentiation. Quantitative data were obtained from photographic records. After inversion the site of organ differentiation was changed with no change in the timing: the next rhizoid (and all subsequent ones) differentiated on the "now-under side" of the inverted rhizome, the next leaf formed on the "nowupper side." Despite the fast change in the site of organ differentiation, other parameters were not changed by inversion (e.g., rate of elongation of rhizomes or leaves, rate of formation of leaves or rhizoids). Because such changes also occurred in plants with balanced lighting from two sides, it is clear that gravity alone can control these changes without reinforcement from top illumination. After leaves were initiated, they did not change their orientation, showing neither positive phototropism (at our light levels) nor negative geotropism, even when elongating substantially. Torsion of the rhizome tip did not precede the change in site of rhizoid initiation.
Alterations in periarticular bone and cross talk between subchondral bone and articular cartilage in osteoarthritis

The articular cartilage and the subchondral bone form a biocomposite that is uniquely adapted to the transfer of loads across the diarthrodial joint. During the evolution of the osteoarthritic process biomechanical and biological processes result in alterations in the composition, structure and functional properties of these tissues. Given the intimate contact between the cartilage and bone, alterations of either tissue will modulate the properties and function of the other joint component. The changes in periarticular bone tend to occur very early in the development of OA. Although chondrocytes also have the capacity to modulate their functional state in response to loading, the capacity of these cells to repair and modify their surrounding extracellular matrix is relatively limited in comparison to the adjacent subchondral bone. This differential adaptive capacity likely underlies the more rapid appearance of detectable skeletal changes in OA in comparison to the articular cartilage. The OA changes in periarticular bone include increases in subchondral cortical bone thickness, gradual decreases in subchondral trabeular bone mass, formation of marginal joint osteophytes, development of bone cysts and advancement of the zone of calcified cartilage between the articular cartilage and subchondral bone. The expansion of the zone of calcified cartilage contributes to overall thinning of the articular cartilage. The mechanisms involved in this process include the release of soluble mediators from chondrocytes in the deep zones of the articular cartilage and/or the influences of microcracks that have initiated focal remodeling in the calcified cartilage and subchondral bone in an attempt to repair the microdamage. There is the need for further studies to define the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the interaction between subchondral bone and articular cartilage and for applying this information to the development of therapeutic interventions to improve the outcomes in patients with OA.
Cloning and expression of the flagellar hook gene on hybrid plasmids in minicells

SPECIFIC Escherichia coli DNA fragments carrying flagellar genes have been cloned on λ vehicles and gene expression has been studied in λ-infected ultraviolet irradiated-cells1,2. This work has led to the identification of several gene products involved in flagellar function. But, the structural gene for the hook subunit protein, which is one of the major flagellar components has not been identified. This gene could have been missed if it was not part of the DNA that was cloned, if it was cleaved during endonuclease treatment or if it was transcribed at such a low level that the product could not be detected in ultraviolet-irradiated cells. We report here another approach which avoids these difficulties and has enabled us to identify the region of the genome which carries genes involved in the synthesis of flagellar hook and basal structures. This result is interesting for two reasons. First, it demonstrates the general applicability of cloning techniques to the identification of any gene product in E. coli. Second, it focuses attention on a hitherto poorly defined group of genes involved in flagellar structure and function.
4f resonances with norm-conserving pseudopotentials

Hamann has shown how to construct a norm-conserving pseudopotential for the unbound 4f state in the Ba atom. This pseudopotential which was calculated at -1.877 eV, fails to yield the sharp 4f resonance found at +1.501 eV in the Dirac atom. We show that this is a consequence not of the energy at which the pseudopotential is calculated but rather of the cutoff radius used. We calculate the pseudopotential at -1.877 eV using a cutoff radius intermediate to those used by Hamann for the bound 4f state of the ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}$ ion and the unbound 4f state of Ba, and obtain the positive-energy resonance. When the [${\ensuremath{\partial}}^{2}$(\ensuremath{\psi}'/\ensuremath{\psi})/\ensuremath{\partial}${E}^{2}$]-preserving form of the norm-conserving pseudopotential recently developed by Shirley et al. is used, the resonance occurs at 1.507 eV and is actually larger than that of the Dirac atom. We also discuss the application of these new ideas to the separable form of the norm-conserving pseudopotential.
Personalized metabolic assessment of erythrocytes using microfluidic delivery to an array of luminescent wells.

The metabolic syndrome is often described as a group of risk factors associated with diabetes. These risk factors include, but are not limited to, such conditions as insulin resistance, obesity, high blood pressure, and oxidant stress. Here, we report on a tool that may provide some clarity on the relationship between some of these associated risk factors, especially oxidant stress and hypertension. Specifically, we describe the ability to simultaneously monitor nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), reduced glutathione (GSH), and shear-induced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release from erythrocytes using luminescence detection on a microfabricated device. The measurements are performed by delivering erythrocyte lysate (for the NADPH and GSH measurements, two analytes indicative of oxidative stress) or whole red blood cells (RBCs) (for the determination of ATP release from the cells) to an array of wells that contain the necessary reagents to generate a luminescence emission that is proportional to a...
Penile prosthesis implantation in men with neurogenic impotence

Forty-seven men with neurogenic impotence had penile prosthesis implantation (25 non-traumatic neurological disorders, 12 spinal cord injury, and 10 peripheral nerve injuries). Infection occurred in 4%, erosion in 2%, and mechanical device failure in 4%. Forty-three of 47 patients (91%) have functioning prostheses. A review of the literature shows that spinal cord injury recipients of penile prostheses are at increased risk for periprosthetic infection and erosion. Men with spinal cord injury should be encouraged to consider alternative treatments for erectile dysfunction such as vacuum constrictive devices or intracavernous injection therapy. When men with spinal cord injury elect penile prosthesis implantation, they should be informed of these increased risks. To reduce the risk of erosion, hydraulic or inflatable devices should be chosen rather than semirigid rods; and to reduce the risk of infection preoperative urinary tract and genital infections should be treated.
Combined property clustering and GC+ techniques for process and product design

Abstract Recent developments in the area of process and product integration have enabled the systematic identification of suitable candidate molecules to meet certain process performance. In this approach, the property targets for the input molecules corresponding to the optimum process performance have been identified in the first step and the molecules that have the target properties have been designed in the next step. The focus of this work is to develop a combined property clustering and GC + algorithm to identify molecules that meet the property targets identified during the process design stage. In our earlier works, a methodology was introduced for identifying molecules with a given set of properties by combining property clustering and group contribution methods. Yet, there are situations when the property contributions of some of the molecular groups of interest are not available in literature. To address this limitation, an algorithm has been developed to include the property contributions predicted by combined group contribution and connectivity indices methods into the cluster space. For the design of simple monofunctional molecules, a modified visual approach has been used, while for the design of more complicated structures an algebraic method has been developed. The applicability of the algebraic method has been increased by including the property contributions from second and third order groups.
The peasants of Yaocun: Memories of exploitation, injustice, and liberation in a Chinese village

This paper shows that peasants in China, as elsewhere, are themselves a vital source on history and politics, and that they are able to help us recapture the unstudied moments of rebellion and revolution in pre‐Liberation years. The first part examines the process of peasant impoverishment and migration in one North China village, and then places peasant efforts to cope with loss of family security in thecontext of an important national level political development that impinged on the countryside ‐ the coming of the Guomindang. The second part underscores the importance of other political changes ‐ Chinese Communist Party insurgency and Japanese imperialist war ‐ in destabilizing an anti‐popular Guomindang system of power and in providing the local poor with the opportunity to mobilize to regain their means of existence. A third and final section offers a few notes on the methodology of interviewing in the Chinese countryside.
Sexual and drug-use risk factors for HIV and STDs: a comparison of women with and without bisexual experiences.

OBJECTIVES: This study was done to compare risk factors for HIV/STDs in women who reported having had sex with both men and women and women who reported having had sex with men only. METHODS: Female participants in a multisite, randomized HIV/STD prevention study in the Seattle area reported both having had sex with a man in the 3 months before and having at least 1 risk factor for HIV/STDs during the year before the study. Of these women, 38% who reported ever having had sex with a woman were compared with those who reported having had sex with men only. RESULTS: Women who had had sex with both men and women were more likely than women who had had sex with men only to report drug use in the 3 months before the study, a greater lifetime number of male partners, a sex partner who had had sex with a prostitute, an earlier age at sexual debut, and forced sexual contact (P < .01 for all comparisons). Women who had had sex with both men and women had a mean of 3.2 of these 5 risk factors, vs 2.1 among women wh...
The acid catalyzed hydrolysis of hexafluorophosphate

Abstract The rate of hydrolysis of hexafluorophosphate has been determined in hydrochloric acid solutions whose concentrations ranged from 2 to 10 M. The reaction is acid catalyzed, and from the variation of the observed rate with the acidity functions H− and H0 the rate law is formulated as: −d[PF6−]/dt = k[PF6−]total10−H0. From the variation of the observed rate constant with the acidity function H0, it is postulated that the transition state is formed by the addition of a proton to a neutral species. From Raman spectral investigations of the basicity of PF6−, and available experimental evidence, the neutral species is an ion pair rather than the free acid HPF6. An averaged apparent enthalpy of activation is 25·5±0·3 kcal/mole, which is less than that for the uncatalyzed reaction. An acid assisted dissociation mechanism is consistent with these experimental results.
Stoichiometric limitations in assembly of active recombinant retrovirus.

Although recombinant retroviruses are widely used in gene therapy and as gene transfer vehicles for basic biological studies, their titers are very low as compared to other recombinant viral systems, e.g., adenovirus. We investigated the rate-limiting steps in production of LacZ-encoding ecotropic (CRE BAG 2) and amphotropic (Ψ-CRIP) retrovirus. We found that ecotropic retrovirus producer cells produced a large number of inactive viral particles because they were severely limited by the amount of mRNA that was packaged into viral capsids. Introduction of the gene for green fluorescence protein (GFP) increased retroviral titers 40-fold, without affecting the viral matrix protein, p30, or the activity of reverse transcriptase. Surprisingly, while transfer of GFP gene increased retrovirus production, β-gal activity and X-gal titer decreased significantly. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that although producer cells synthesized similar amounts of both mRNAs, retroviral supernatants contained significantly lower amount of LacZ mRNA, possibly due to competition between LacZ and GFP mRNAs for encapsidation into virions. In contrast to ecotropic producers, introduction of GFP gene copies into amphotropic producers resulted in a moderate twofold increase in retrovirus production. However, delivery of genes encoding for the viral proteins gp70 and p30 increased virus production by fivefold, suggesting that amphotropic producers may also be limited by synthesis of structural viral proteins. Our data show that in addition to the amount of viral genome or proteins, assembly of viral components into active viral particles may limit production of high titer retroviral preparations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contribution of intersystem recombination on the lifetime of radical pair produced in photoreduction of benzophenone derivatives in SDS micelle as detected by pulse-PYESR

The heavy atom effect on the radical-pair lifetime was studied on the photochemical hydrogen-abstraction reaction of benzophenone and its derivatives having halogen atoms in the phenyl group in an SDS micellar solution by using the pulse-mode product-yield-detected ESR technique. Upon introducing bromine atoms in the benzophenone frame the lifetime was shortened considerably, though no appreciable effects were found for other systems with lighter halogens. Through estimation of the several factors which may affect the lifetime of radical pair upon the halogen introduction, we concluded that the intersystem recombination, which is the geminate recombination of redical pair from the triplet state, was the main mechanism of the observed shortening of the lifetime.
The baroclinic χ problem and its application to the diagnosis of atmospheric heating rates

Abstract The baroclinic χ (chi) problem is the problem of diagnosing the three-dimensional distribution of large-scale vertical motion from the vorticity budget. A solution technique is developed in which a preliminary guess for the associated horizontal divergence field is refined iteratively until the budget is balanced. The advantage of diagnosing the vertical motion in this manner, especially in the tropics, is discussed. An example of the process applied to six boreal winters of ECMWF data suggests several improvements over the diabatically initialized ECMWF analyses, such as much stronger ascent over the convective regions of Africa and South America and a more clearly defined ITCZ in the eastern Pacific. Diabatic heating fields, estimated as a balance requirement in the thermodynamic equation using these dynamically consistent vertical velocities, also seem more realistic. Some ideas on how to combine such heating estimates with rainfall or satellite information are presented. The more general prob...
Anatomic measurements of human teeth extracted from males between the ages of 17 and 21 years

Abstract Experience has found older published studies describing anatomic measurements of human teeth to be unsatisfactory for present-day clinical use. This article presents new measurements made on all types of teeth extracted from Caucasian males between the ages of 17 and 21 years. These data should prove to be helpful to the practitioner for performing successful endodontic treatment.
Multiple Concurrent Stressors in Chicks.2. Effects on Hematologic, Body Composition, and Pathologic Traits

Abstract Effects of multiple concurrent stressors on Hubbard × Hubbard chicks (Days 10 to 17 posthatch) were studied in a 26-factorial experiment employing as treatments aerial ammonia (A, 0 or 125 ppm), beak trimming (B, sham handled or beak trimmed/cauterized), coccidiosis (X, gavage with 0 or 6 × 105 sporulated Eimeria acervulina oocysts), intermittent electric shock (E, 0 or between 2.9 and 8 7 mA), heat stress (H, 30.4 or 34.8 C), and continuous noise (N, 80 or 95 dB). Packed-cell volume (PCV) was decreased by X and increased by A and H. A quadratic relationship between PCV and number of simultaneous stressors (order) was detected. Heterophil percentage was increased and lymphocyte percentage decreased by A, E, H, and order. Monocyte percentage was increased by N, eosinophil percentage increased by X, and basophil percentage decreased by A, X, and H. Basophil percentage decreased linearly with increasing order. Whole carcass water percentage was increased by X, chloroform-methanol extract percentage (dry matter) (CME) decreased by X, and CP percentage (dry matter) increased by A. Neither water, CME, nor CP percentage changed in relation to order. Lesion severity did not change in any tissue as stressor order increased. With few exceptions, each stressor affected hematologic, body composition, and pathologic traits in a similar manner whether imposed singly or concurrently with up to five other stressors. The results suggest that in practical production situations, where ordinarily poultry experience more than one stressor at the same time, effects of multiple concurrent unrelated stressors on performance traits can be estimated to a first approximation by summing effects of respective stressors when acting alone.
Jewish Sanctuary in the Atlantic World: A Social and Architectural History, by Barry L. Stiefel with the assistance of David Rittenberg, University of South Carolina Press: Columbia, 2014, xi + 363 pp. ISBN 978 161 117 321 5, US$59.95 (hardback), ISBN 978 1 61117 321 5, US$59.95 (e-book)

A thoroughly researched and richly detailed history of Atlantic Jewish Communities, Jewish Sanctuary in the Atlantic World: A Social and Architectural History investigates what ‘New World’ synagogu...
Use and impact of direct mail in the context of integrated marketing communications: U.S. congressional campaigns in 1982 and 1990

Abstract Merged survey data from 1982 and 1990 of media allocation strategies of U.S. Congressional candidates include dramatic increases in the use and impact of direct mail advertising in general election campaigns. Further, this impact exhibited differential effects for incumbent and nonincumbent candidates, suggesting that different competitive situations should use different media allocation strategies to enhance behavioral goals. The political campaign is offered as a prototype of successful integrated marketing communications that can serve as an example to consumer goods marketers.
A user-controlled synchronization method

In any system that allows the sharing of facilities between independently-running processes, it is occasionally necessary to 'synchronize' references to shared facilities. A method is presented here that enables any set of processes to achieve such synchronization without any aid from the executive system or special hardware. Only normal load and store operations on two arrays of shared data are required. No overhead is required for unsynchronized operations. And dead-locks are avoided, since it is never necessary to 'block' a process.This method can be viewed as a generalization of Dijkstra's example [D3], though the connection may not be obvious at first glance.
Sterile gloves: do they make a difference?

Abstract Background Multiple studies have demonstrated that >105 organisms/mL are needed to cause a wound infection. The aim of this study was to determine if there was a difference in bacterial colony-forming units (CFUs) on sterile gloves versus clean gloves in an outpatient clinical setting. Methods Volunteers self-gloved with pairs of clean gloves, and culture swabs were obtained from the palmar surface. Cultures were also obtained after volunteers self-donned sterile gloves and donned sterile gloves with the assistance of a surgical technician. Results Twenty-five volunteers participated. Mean growths were as follows: clean gloves, 14.08 ± 15.45 CFUs/mL (range, 0–44 CFUs/mL); self-donned sterile gloves, 1.28 ± 4.28 CFUs/mL (range, 0–20 CFUs/mL); and technician-assisted sterile gloves, 1 positive with 8 CFUs/mL. Conclusions There was a statistically significant difference in bacterial load on clean gloves versus sterile gloves (P
Interest Alignment and Coalitions in Multiparty Negotiation

This study tested hypotheses developed from the distinct literatures on negotiations and coalitions and hypotheses integrating the two. In a complex, three-person negotiation simulation, subjects h...
Computer quantitation of saturation impairment time as an index of oxygenation during sleep

Abstract The measurement of oxygenation during sleep has become a standard proceedure in the assessment of hypoxemia in patients with various disorders. However, an accepted method for quantitating this hypoxemia is not available. This study describes the development of computerized data acquisition and analysis programs to quantitate nocturnal hypoxemia in patients with sleep and breathing disorders. The acquisition program samples the voltage output from pulse oximeters used to measure oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO 2 ) and stores this on an IBM PC or compatible computer. The analysis program integrates the SpO 2 over time below the patient's pretest baseline as well as the integral below 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50% saturation. We refer to each integral as Saturation Impairment Time or SIT. In order to compare these integrals between patients or between the same patient but different studies, the integral is divided by the total sleep study time. We refer to each of these integrals, corrected for sleep study time, as the SIT index. Evaluation of the SIT index in 10 consecutive patients referred for various sleep disorders revealed acquisition program detection and deletion of 48 of 57 (86%) oximeter probe artifacts (mean duration of 3 seconds for undetected artifacts). There were no significant artifacts in the analysis program calculation of the SIT index in these same patients. In conclusion, computer programs were developed to measure and quantitate oxygen saturation measured by oximeters. Preliminary results reveal an accuracy of measurement which should prove acceptable in further clinical evaluations.
Ferromagnetic long range ordering in copper(II) maleate monohydrate

The magnetic properties of copper(II) maleate monohydrate, Cu(C4H2O4)·H2O, have been measured in the 1.8–66 K range. Magnetic susceptibility and isothermal magnetization measurements on powdered samples reveal a transition to a ferromagnetic state in this layered compound. The transition to the ordered state occurs at Tc=4.0 K. The positive value of 8.0 K for the Weiss constant in the paramagnetic region confirms the ferromagnetic nature of the interactions. The magnetic susceptibility data above 3Tc may be fitted with a Heisenberg quadratic layer expression with the best-fit parameters J=+4.3 cm−1, g=2.0, and zJ′=+0.42 cm−1. The e.p.r. spectrum at room temperature indicates orthorhombic symmetry. A complex containing the isomeric form of the ligand, copper(II) fumarate dihydrate, has also been prepared and its magnetic properties determined in the 80–300 K range. The data may be accomodated by two-dimensional theory with J=+1.05 cm−1, g=2.09, and zJ′=+0.10 cm−1.
The accuracy of a parallel LU decomposition algorithm

Abstract An error complexity analysis of a parallel LU decomposition algorithm is given. The results show that for a moderate system of order n the new algorithm is slightly inferior to the standard LU decomposition algorithm. For large n , the new algorithm is practically equivalent to the standard one. Some experiments are also included.
Radioactive Iodine Capture in Silver-Containing Mordenites through Nanoscale Silver Iodide Formation

The effective capture and storage of radiological iodine (129I) remains a strong concern for safe nuclear waste storage and safe nuclear energy. Silver-containing mordenite (MOR) is a longstanding benchmark for iodine capture; however, the molecular level understanding of this process needed to develop more effective iodine getters has remained elusive. Here we probe the structure and distribution of iodine sorbed by silver-containing MOR using differential pair distribution function analysis. While iodine is distributed between γ-AgI nanoparticles on the zeolite surface and subnanometer α-AgI clusters within the pores for reduced silver MOR, in the case of unreduced silver-exchanged MOR, iodine is exclusively confined to the pores as subnanometer α-AgI. Consequently, unreduced silver-containing zeolites may offer a more secure route for radioactive iodine capture, with the potential to more effectively trap the iodine for long-term storage.
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of tert-Butyl Acrylate and Preparation of Block Copolymers

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of tert-butyl acrylate is reported. Controlled polymerizations were performed using a CuBr/N,N,N‘,N‘ ‘,N‘ ‘-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine catalyst system in conjunction with an alkyl bromide as the initiator. Low molecular weight polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions were obtained by the addition of a solvent to create a homogeneous catalytic system. The addition of the solvent was necessary to decrease the polymerization rate and afford low polydispersity materials. This differs from the ATRP of methyl or n-butyl acrylate using this catalytic system, which do not require the addition of a solvent to obtain well-defined polymers. Subsequent hydrolysis of the polymer in refluxing dioxane with addition of HCl afforded poly(acrylic acid). Characterization using 1H NMR and FT-IR confirmed complete hydrolysis of the ester group. Further use of poly(tert-butyl acrylate) as a macroinitiator for block copolymerizations followed by hydrolysis of the ester g...
A Corona Theorem for Multipliers on Dirichlet Space

We prove a corona theorem for infinitely many functions from the multiplier algebra on Dirichlet space.
College Virgins: How Men and Women Perceive Their Sexual Status

Whereas the sexual lives of college students have been the focus of many research studies, there is very little research on those young adults who have chosen to remain virgins. In this study, 97 virgin men and 192 virgin women from a Midwestern U.S. university were surveyed about the reasons they were virgins, their affective reactions to their virginity status, and other aspects of their virginity (e.g., the social pressure they received to remain a virgin vs. to become sexually active). As hypothesized, women rated more reasons for virginity (particularly interpersonal ones) as important and had more positive reactions (were more proud and happy and less embarrassed and guilty) about being a virgin than did men. Women reported more social pressure than did men to remain a virgin, and men were more likely than women to expect to become a nonvirgin in the near future. Associations among the reasons, affective reactions, and other aspects of virginity were examined for men versus women. Because data were ...
Multiple Genetic Determinants of Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus Influence Lesion Phenotype on Chenopodium amaranticolor

Abstract The ND18 and Type strains of barley stripe mosaic hordeivirus (BSMV) differ in the local lesion phenotypes they elicit on Chenopodium amaranticolor. The ND18 strain produces large necrotic lesions on this host by 3 to 4 days postinoculation, whereas the Type strain is less virulent and elicits chlorotic local lesions which appear about 2 weeks after inoculation. We have used infectious in vitro transcripts derived from full-length cDNA clones of these two BSMV strains to investigate the genetic basis for their differential virulence on C. amaranticolor. Pseudorecombination of the wild-type α, β, and γ genomic RNAS of each strain revealed that the lesion forming phenotype segregated with RNAγ. Fine mapping of the phenotypic determinants on RNAγ was carried out by constructing deletion mutants, chimeric recombinants, and point mutants. These experiments showed that three different genetic elements in the Type strain RNAγ contribute significantly to its attenuated virulence on C. amaranticolor. In addition, pseudorecombination experiments using mutant Type strain γ RNAs that were more virulent than native Type RNAγ indicated that the clean segregation of the lesion forming phenotype observed with wild-type RNAγ is fortuitous. This lesion phenotype is dependent on both the multiple attenuating determinants in the wild-type Type strain RNAγ and the source of genomic RNAs α and β in the inoculum. The complexity of these virulence determinants clearly illustrates the limitations of classical pseudorecombination as a tool for the genetic analysis of plant viruses.
Use of the Hartree-Fock Approximation in Computing Electron Affinities

The implications are explored of a recently demonstrated theorem deriving upper bounds on the Hartree-Fock ground-state energy of a system consisting of $N+1$ electrons in the potentials of a finite number of nuclei fixed in a bounded region of space, in terms of energies of single-determinantal wave functions for the system of $N$ electrons in the identical nuclear framework. A conjectured generalization of the theorem is shown to be true. The application of the theorem to a criticism of computations on first-row atoms and ions is discussed, and it is concluded that the use of wave functions which do not satisfy the theorem may be appropriate in the application of the Hartree-Fock approximation to the calculation of electron affinities of certain systems.
Rehabilitation and replacement of water distribution system components considering uncertainties

This paper presents the mathematical development of an integer — nonlinear programming chance — constrained optimization model for the minimum cost rehabilitation/replacement of water distribution system components. Particular attention is given to the handling of uncertainties in the roughness factors and the loading conditions including both the random demand and preassure head requirements.
Identifying the boosted hadronically decaying top quark using jet substructure in its center-of-mass frame

In this paper we study the identification of the boosted hadronically decaying top quarks using jet substructure in the center-of-mass frame of the jet. We demonstrate that the method can greatly reduce the QCD jet background while maintaining high identification efficiency of the boosted top quark even in a very high pileup condition. Applications to searches for heavy resonances that decay to a $t\overline{t}$ final state are also discussed.