cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Implications of Energetic and Kinetic Surface Instability for a Stress Measurement Technique

It has been understood for some time that elastic energy can cause surface roughening during a solid surface motion. This instability has recently led to a novel experimental technique to determine stress state on the surface of a solid by measuring the surface profile before and after etching [1]. Along a separate line of investigation, Aziz and co-workers has recently described a different kind of instability, also driven by stress [2]. Their experiments showed that the activation energy of the surface mobility depends linearly on the stress state, and this dependence can cause surface instability. The two kinds of instabilities have very different characteristics. In this paper, we describe a linear stability analysis of a three dimensional interface evolving under stress. The interface can be destabilized either by stress-dependent activation energy or by elastic energy. The implications for the stress measurement technique are discussed. It is suggested that the same experimental procedure be used to measure surface energy and activation strains.
Chemical composition of a ferredoxin isolated from cotton.

Abstract This communication describes the isolation, purification and the amino acid, iron and sulfur composition of a type I ferredoxin from cotton.
The Influence of Instructor's Gender, Student's Gender, and Instructor's Experience on Student Evaluations

Many teacher trainers ask their students to evaluate them at the end of their classes. These evaluations are sometimes used to modify course content or delivery style and are sometimes used by peer committees or administrators to make salary, promotion, or tenure recommendations. Three variables possibly impacting upon these evaluations were examined in this study—the gender of the students doing the evaluating, the gender of the professor being evaluated, and the public school experience of the individual being evaluated. Undergraduate special education majors read one of four packets of information describing a hypothetical special education methods course. Dependent upon treatment condition, subjects were told that the instructor was either male or female and either experienced or inexperienced in public school settings. All other instructor and course variables were held constant. After reading the information packet, subjects rated the instructor of the class. Results indicated that male instructors ...
Structural target recognition algorithm for visual guidance of small unmanned helicopters

In this paper we present a vision based guidance approach for small unmanned helicopters. The approach is integrated with Hu invariant moments based structural target recognition algorithm for visual acquisition of the target (a helipad) and a guidance model for locating the target. A color filter is designed to eliminate noises from the image by using HSL model. The improved structural target recognition algorithm can work robustly under the condition that the image is distorted by perspective projection. Besides, a visual guidance model is designed and implemented to locate the target accurately. With the help of the visual guidance, small unmanned helicopters can land on the target automatically. Finally, experiments are carried out to test the effectiveness and robustness of our algorithms.
Identification of carboxylic and organoboronic acids and phenols with a single benzobisoxazole fluorophore

The fluorescence of a single donor–acceptor benzobisoxazole-based cruciform, dissolved in five different solvents, dramatically changes upon exposure to Bronsted and Lewis acids. The changes in emission colors strongly depend on the analyte's structure, and this cruciform can discern among structurally closely related carboxylic (twelve examples) and organoboronic acids (nine examples). In combination with two commercially available phenylboronic acids, this cruciform sensor also distinguishes among substituted phenols (twelve examples).
The Source of the Cold Air of the North “Polar Front” 1

DENUDED of its liquid envelope, the figure of the earth may be compared to that of a tomato having a flat lump affixed at one side of the depression from which the stem has been removed. Not a close parallel—even a caricature—but I trust a true one, and successful caricatures are full of meaning. It is necessary to place the tomato in such position that the depression represents the deep basin of the Arctic Ocean, the bulging portion which is opposite will then represent the flat ice-dome of the Antarctic continent, and the artificial lump beside the depression the entirely similar though somewhat smaller ice-covered continent of Greenland. Both of these domes rise to elevations of nearly two miles above sea.
On the convergence of exponential perturbation theories in the Schrödinger representation

Abstract It is shown that the exponent diverges term-by-term for most of the frequency range of interest in an exponential perturbation theory treatment of the harmonically driven two-level system in the Schrodinger representation. All driving frequencies above the nominal resonance frequency give a term-by-term divergent exponent.
TH-C-BRCD-01: Small Field Dosimetry: A Clinical Perspective

Small fields on the order of few millimeters are now being used in specialized radiation treatments such as intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT),stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS), cyber‐knife and gamma‐knife. Small‐field dosimetry is challenging due to finite source size, lack of electronic equilibrium, size of detectors, changes in energy spectrum with associated dosimetric parameters and stopping power ratio. Source size is dependent on the design of the accelerator and could be obstructed by the collimating system with decreasing field sizes. Electronic equilibrium is a phenomenon associated with the range of secondary particles and hence dependent on the beam energy, spectrum and the composition of the medium (homogeneous vs inhomogeneous). This talk will elaborate on current understanding of the small field dosimetry. It will provide insight of the new IAEA/AAPM non‐complainant dosimetry (1) IPEM report 103 (2) and AAPM task group report 155(3). Explanation of the difficulties and possible solutions to accurately measure dose in small fields with various techniques (ion chamber, diode, diamond,TLD, films (radiographic and Gafchromic), MOSFET, bang gel, and Monte Carlo) will be elaborated. Correction factors that have been published will be presented and the consequences in accuracy for patient care will be discussed. Learning Objectives: 1. Description of absolute and relative dosimetry 2. Definition of small fields 3. Choice of detector 4. Correction factor 5. Understanding the implication of small fields in clinical practice1. Alfonso P, Andreo P, Capote R, et al. A new formalism for refeence dosimetry of small and nonstandard fields. Med Phys 2008;35:5179‐5186.2.Aspradakis MM. Report No 103: Small Field MV dosimetry. York, England: IPEM; 2010.3. Das IJ, Francescon P, Ahnesjo A, et al. Task Group 155 report: Small fields and non‐equilibrium condition photon beam dosimetry. Med Phys (under review).
Environmental factors influencing stress corrosion cracking in boiling water reactors

Abstract The mechanisms of intergranular stress corrosion cracking (I.G.S.C.C.) of sensitized stainless steels in boiling water reactor (BWR) primary coolant are reviewed, with emphasis on the role the environment plays on both the initiation and propagation processes. Environmental factors discussed include oxygen (corrosion potential), temperature and dissolved ions in the water, and also the range of strain rates at which I.G.S.C.C. occurs. Both crack propagation rates and the range of strain rates at which I.G.S.C.C. occurs decrease rapidly as temperature is increased above approximately 200°C, in essentially the same manner as the solubility of magnetite decreases in acidic solutions. A mechanism of crack propagation is presented based on this observation. To establish water chemistry guidelines for crack-free operation of BWRs containing sensitized stainless steel, more information is needed on the role of absorption of impurities in the surface and deposited oxides and on the interaction between the oxygen and impurity levels required to maintain an electrochemical potential in a range where I.G.S.C.C. is unlikely to occur. The relative effects of short bursts of impurities and longer term lower concentrations of these same impurities also need to be evaluated.
Clinical, angiographic, and procedural correlates of abrupt vascular closure during coronary intervention: A 10‐year experience at Mayo Clinic

A large matched-cohort study was carried out to determine correlates of in-hospital abrupt vascular closure (AC). Univariate analysis identified current cigarette smoking (P = 0.021), myocardial infarction within 24 hr prior to procedure (P = 0.0035), emergency procedure (P = 0.02), lesion thrombus (P = 0.0001), and lesion angulation (P = 0.021) as significant clinical and angiographic variables. Relative to balloon angioplasty (PTCA), use of atherectomy (P = 0.015) and laser devices (P = 0.018) but not elective stent placement (P = 0.97) were associated with increased risk of AC. In the multivariate model, current cigarette smoking (P = 0.0474), lesion thrombus (P = 0.0001), lesion angulation (P = 0.0124), use of atherectomy devices (P = 0.001), and laser devices (P = 0.0037) remained as significant correlates of increased AC events. In conclusion, the risk of AC appears associated primarily with lesion characteristics and use of nonballoon devices other than stents. Elective stent placement did not appear to reduce AC risk over conventional PTCA; the small number of patients studied may have prevented any benefit from being observed.
Exit Strategy (For My Grandmother, Margaret Gingrich)

This autoethnographic essay, based upon the author’s performance of the same name, details a nexus of political and personal events that fostered suicidal ideation in the face of religious homophobia, as well as how an artifact of his late grandmother’s helped him move past that ideation. It uses the phrase “exit strategy” in multiple ways to reveal the limits of thinking that resistance to oppression can ever rest.
A study of antimony complexed to soil-derived humic acids and inorganic antimony species along a Massachusetts highway

Abstract Antimony is a toxic metalloid and is often present in inorganic forms such as more toxic Sb(III) and less toxic Sb(V). Auto brake linings are major contributors to antimony emissions along heavily traveled highways. In this study the distribution of water extractable Sb(III) and Sb(V) species along a Massachusetts highway was investigated. Antimony complexed to roadside soil-derived humic acids was studied by ion chromatography (IC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Thirty surface soil and soil core samples along route 116 in western Massachusetts were collected. Two soil-derived humic acids were extracted from the roadside soils. Elevated levels of nitric acid-extractable Sb (range: 2.9–24.9 µg/kg) and Pb (range: 10.4–2420 mg/kg) were found in the soil along the road and correlated well with highway traffic patterns. Sb(V) was the dominant species present in both surface and soil core samples, and is mostly confined to the top 20-cm layer of soil. HA mediated Sb(III) to Sb(V) oxidation was relatively fast and demonstrated pseudo-first order kinetics, where pseudo rate constant k is 3.033 h–1. Antimony bound to soil-derived humic acid molar mass fractions was identified.
Measuring Mate Preferences: A Replication and Extension

Mate preferences have a long research history in the social sciences, yet given their evolving nature they must be revisited periodically. We use evolutionary psychology and social role paradigms to frame our study and contribute to this body of work in two important ways. First, we examine preference trends over the past 25 years and find that both men and women increasingly place a higher value on a mate’s financial prospects and desire for home and children. Second, we compare results generated from qualitative mate preference data with two popular methods in mate preference literature in terms of substantive findings and methodological utility.
Brachial plexus block in a parturient

We report a novel circumstance of brachial plexus anesthesia in a parturient. A 25-year-old woman at 34 weeks of gestation presented with a pathologic proximal right humerus fracture from an intramedullary mass. She was scheduled for tumor biopsy which was performed using a two-site ultrasound-guided brachial plexus block to maximize odds of complete anesthesia while minimizing the risk of phrenic nerve paresis. After a supraclavicular block with 0.5% ropivacaine 20 mL, we translated our ultrasound probe cephalad, inferior to the root of C7 where the divisions of the superior trunk could be seen in a tightly compact arrangement. An additional injection of 0.5% ropivacaine 20 mL was administered at this site, and the patient subsequently underwent successful biopsy without sedatives or analgesics, aside from local anesthetics. In the post-anesthesia care unit, she had normal respirations and oxygen saturations breathing room air, denied any shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, and was discharged shortly after her arrival. While we did not pursue radiologic examination to rule out hemidiaphragm paralysis, we assumed, as evidenced in a previous case report, that unlike most healthy patients, a parturient would demonstrate some clinical signs and/or symptoms of hemidiaphragm paralysis, given that the diaphragm is almost totally responsible for inspiration in the term parturient. This represents only the second brachial plexus block in a parturient reported in the literature; the first using ultrasound guidance and without respiratory embarrassment.
Toolbox for Evaluating Residents as Teachers.

The authors review existing assessment tools related to evaluating residents’ teaching skills and teaching effectiveness. PubMed and PsycInfo databases were searched using combinations of keywords including “residents,” “residents as teachers,” “teaching skills,” and “assessments” or “rating scales.” Eleven evaluation tools that utilized self-reports, learner evaluations, or observed structured teaching evaluations were found. These varied in length from one to 58 items, most of which were both valid and reliable. Additional evaluation tools were found that utilized direct audio- or videotaped recordings of teaching. This toolbox should facilitate program directors and others in assessing residents’ teaching skills and should promote rigorously conducted research on residents as teachers.
Are separate theories of conditioning and timing necessary

Abstract Conditioning and timing studies have evolved under separate traditions, which is exemplified in both traditional theories (e.g. the Rescorla–Wagner model of conditioning vs. Scalar Timing Theory) and in a dual process model (Gibbon, J., Balsam, P., 1981. In: Autoshaping and Conditioning Theory. Academic Press, New York.). Other lines of theoretical development in both timing and conditioning fields have resulted in the emergence of ‘hybrid’ theories in which conditioning and timing processes are integrated. Simulations were conducted with a recent hybrid theory of timing (Machado, A., 1997. Psychol. Rev. 104, 241–265). The simulations were of classical conditioning procedures in which the local or global predictability of food was varied by manipulating the variability of the CS–US relationship, variability of the CS duration, and variability of the intertrial interval. The hybrid model provided good qualitative fits to indices of conditioning (discrimination ratios) and timing (local rates of responding), indicating that it may be possible to model both conditioning and timing results with a single process in which an internal representation of time and a strength of association are integrated. However, the failure of the model to provide good quantitative fits of the data indicates the need for a consideration of alternative perceptual representations of time and/or principles of association within the framework of the hybrid model.
Identification of consensus patterns in unaligned DNA sequences known to be functionally related.

We have developed a method for identifying consensus patterns in a set of unaligned DNA sequences known to bind a common protein or to have some other common biochemical function. The method is based on a matrix representation of binding site patterns. Each row of the matrix represents one of the four possible bases, each column represents one of the positions of the binding site and each element is determined by the frequency the indicated base occurs at the indicated position. The goal of the method is to find the most significant matrix--i.e. the one with the lowest probability of occurring by chance--out of all the matrices that can be formed from the set of related sequences. The reliability of the method improves with the number of sequences, while the time required increases only linearly with the number of sequences. To test this method, we analysed 11 DNA sequences containing promoters regulated by the Escherichia coli LexA protein. The matrices we found were consistent with the known consensus sequence, and could distinguish the generally accepted LexA binding sites from other DNA sequences.
Superconformal Chern-Simons theories

A Lagrangian description of a maximally supersymmetric conformal field theory in three dimensions was constructed recently by Bagger and Lambert (BL). The BL theory has SO(4) gauge symmetry and contains scalar and spinor fields that transform as 4-vectors. We verify that this theory has OSp(8|4) superconformal symmetry and that it is parity conserving despite the fact that it contains a Chern-Simons term. We describe several unsuccessful attempts to construct theories of this type for other gauge groups and representations. This experience leads us to conjecture the uniqueness of the BL theory. Given its large symmetry, we expect this theory to play a significant role in the future development of string theory and M-theory.
Scalable Chi-Square Distance versus Conventional Statistical Distance for Process Monitoring with Uncorrelated Data Variables

Multivariate statistical process control charts are often used for process monitoring to detect out-of-control anomalies. However, multivariate control charts based on conventional statistical distance measures, such as the one used in the Hotelling's control chart, cannot scale up to large amounts of complex process data, e.g. data with a large number of variables and a high rate of data sampling. In our previous work we developed a multivariate statistical process monitoring procedure based on a more scalable chi-square distance measure and tested this procedure for detecting out-of control anomalies—intrusions—in a computer process using computer audit data. The testing results demonstrated the comparable performance of the scalable chi-square procedure to that of Hotelling's control chart. To establish the chi-square procedure as a generic, viable multivariate statistical processing monitoring procedure, we conduct a series of further studies to understand the detection power and limitations of the chi-square procedure for processes with various kinds of data and various types of out-of-control anomalies in addition to the scalability and demonstrated performance of the chi-square procedure for computer intrusion detection. This paper reports on one of these studies that investigates the effectiveness of the scalable chi-square procedure in detecting out-of-control anomalies in processes with uncorrelated data variables, each of which has a normal probability distribution. The results of this study indicate that the chi-square procedure is at least as effective as Hotelling's control chart for monitoring processes with uncorrelated data variables. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Layers of Rights, Channels of Access

Managing Migration: Civic Stratification and Migrants' Rights. By Lydia Morris. London: Routledge, 2002. 192 pp., $95.00 cloth (ISBN: 0-415-16706-X), $25.95 paper(ISBN: 0-415-16707-8). Students of international migration have long been interested in the formal and informal processes of inclusion and exclusion created by Westphalian notions that states have the right to control access to a given territory (Hollifield 1992; Weiner 1995; Castles and Miller 1998; Geddes 2000). Yet, the issues surrounding these processes of inclusion and exclusion have come into sharper focus in recent years as the migrant-receiving liberal democracies of the North have sought to balance their emerging labor needs with the demands of migrants for political, social, and economic rights and protections. Managing Migration: Civic Stratification and Migrants' Rights is situated at the heart of this complicated and often contentious terrain. In the book, sociologist Lydia Morris explores the levels of differentiation among aliens in terms of their rights and their access to social services. She focuses her attention on three countries that have had somewhat different experiences with migration during the last few decades: Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom. Morris' work is rooted theoretically in the contributions that sociology has made to our understanding of the conditions for obtaining membership in the receiving community. T. H. Marshall's (1950) oft-cited work characterizes membership and inclusion as a sequential process, and it hails citizenship as the ultimate key to a level of membership that opens doors for unconditional access to the labor market, available social services, and full political participation. Nonetheless, a review of the rights accorded to migrants and aliens (third country nationals) in the European Union (EU) suggests that aliens—especially those who are long-term residents—can successfully lay claim to certain provisions by the welfare state even without citizenship (Brubaker 1989; Hammar 1990; Soysal 1994). The significance of Morris' book lies in her …
Object identification is isolated from scene semantic constraint: evidence from object type and token discrimination

Two models of the interaction between scene meaning and object identification were tested: the description enhancement model and the criterion modulation model. The former proposes that the early activation of a scene schema facilitates the initial perceptual analysis of schema-consistent objects, the latter that schema activation modulates the amount of information necessary to indicate the presence of an object of a particular perceptual type. In Experiment 1, we employed a forced-choice, type-discrimination paradigm. Participants were asked to determine which of two semantically consistent objects or which of two semantically inconsistent objects had appeared in a briefly presented scene. Contrary to the prediction derived from both of these models, discrimination performance was better for semantically inconsistent versus consistent objects. In Experiments 2 and 3 we introduced a forced-choice, token-discrimination paradigm to further test the description enhancement model. Contrary to the prediction of that model, discrimination performance was no better for semantically consistent versus inconsistent tokens. These results suggest that both the initial perceptual analysis of an object and the matching of an object's constructed visual description to stored descriptions are isolated from stored knowledge about real-world contingencies between scenes and objects.
Hierarchical Feedback and Learning for Multi-joint Arm Movement Control

This paper presents a general method for hierarchical feedback control of redundant systems, and applies it to the problem of arm movement control. A high-level feedback controller, designed using optimal control techniques, operates on a simplified virtual plant. A low-level controller is responsible for performing a feedback transformation of the physical plant into the desired virtual plant. The method is applied in the context of reaching with two realistic models of the human arm: a 2-DOF, 6-muscle model, and a 7-DOF, 14-muscle model. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme
PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY AND LUXURY UPTAKE OF CARBON DURING PHOSPHATE LIMITATION IN PEDIASTRUM DUPLEX (CHLOROPHYCEAE)1

SUMMARY When cells of Pediastrum duplex Meyen experience phosphorus depletion, their capacity for carbon fixation declines, but sizes and carbon contents of the cells increase several-fold, an apparent instance of “luxury uptake” of carbon. Maximum rates of uptake of phosphate increase during the same period, and are consequently correlated with the enlarged surface area of the cells. Thus the disadvantage of increased cell volume, which may accelerate sinking speed in nature, is offset by the increased capacity of the cells for nutrient uptake.
Predicting garden path sentences

This work is an investigation into part of the human sentence parsing mechanism (HSPM). The major test of the psychological validity of any model of the HSPM is that it fail on precisely those sentences that humans find to be garden paths. It is hypothesized that the HSPM consists of at least two processes. We call the first process the syntactic processor, and the second will be known as the semantic processor. It is hypothesized that the syntactic processor is unconscious, deterministic and fast, but limited. While most ambiguities are resolved on the basis of syntactic information, when the syntactic processor can no longer guarantee a correct analysis, semantic information is used to help resolve the ambiguity. This model leads to a better prediction and explanation of which sentences will cause people to garden path.
Internal models, tracking strategies and dual-task performance

The effects of internal models and tracking strategies on workload were investigated in a dual-task, second-order tracking and auditory detection experiment. Internal models and tracking strategies were manipulated by providing subjects with augmenting cues. A control group was compared with two groups provided with different kinds of display augmentation, parabola or point cues, during single-task tracking training. The display augmentation had the effect of changing tracking strategy as subjects practiced on cued and noncued trials, and it had an effect on the internal models developed. Both point and parabola augmentation reduced workload when displayed on the cued trials. On the noncued trials, the parabola augmentation, training had the effect of reducing the workload, compared with the point augmentation, even if the parabola cues were not displayed. A control group that did not change strategy during training also had low workload requirements in the dual task. The results indicate that a consisten...
Integrating career-long education techniques into undergraduate education

It is pointed out that there are some changes in the engineering profession that indicate a need to reexamine both the approach to continuing education and the urgency with which it is regarded. One of these changes is no surprise-the pace or rate of change is accelerating. The other is less obvious-engineering education is becoming more fundamental, and the teaching of application and even advanced engineering science is being reduced. It is noted that both of these changes have implications for undergraduate engineering education. Universities must find a way to participate in the post-degree education enterprise. They must find ways to teach students the techniques of continuing education so that they are prepared for the life-long task of knowledge-base renewal. >
A meta-analysis of effectiveness studies on computer technology-supported language learning

With the aim of summarizing years of research comparing pedagogies for second/foreign language teaching supported with computer technology and pedagogy not-supported by computer technology, a meta-analysis was conducted of empirical research investigating language outcomes. Thirty-seven studies yielding 52 effect sizes were included, following a search of literature from 1970 to 2006 and screening of studies based on stated criteria. The differences in research designs required subdivision of studies, but overall results favored the technology-supported pedagogy, with a small, but positive and statistically significant effect size. Second/foreign language instruction supported by computer technology was found to be at least as effective as instruction without technology, and in studies using rigorous research designs the CALL groups outperformed the non-CALL groups. The analyses of instructional conditions, characteristics of participants, and conditions of the research design did not provide reliable results because of the small number of effect sizes representing each group. The meta-analysis results provide an empirically-based response to the questions of whether or not technology-supported pedagogies enhance language learning, and the process of conducting the meta-analysis pointed to areas in research methodology that would benefit from attention in future research.
Positive and negative impacts of specialty malts on beer foam: a comparison of various cereal products for their foaming properties.

Background The foam stability of beer is dependent on the presence of foam-stabilizing polypeptides derived from the cereals from which it is made. It has long been argued that there is a tendency to boost the foam-stabilizing capabilities of these polypeptides at the heating stages involved in the production of the grist materials. The present study started with the intent to confirm whether these changes occurred and to assess the extent to which different cereal products differed in their foam-stabilizing tendencies. Results Cereal products differ enormously in their foam-stabilizing capabilities. Heavily roasted grains, notably black malt and roast barley, do have superior foaming properties. However, certain specialty malts, notably crystal malts, display inferior foam performance. The observed foaming pattern is a balance between their content of foam-positive and foam-negative components. Products such as pale malt do contain foam-negative materials but have a net balance in favour of foam-stabilizing entities. By contrast, wheat malt and especially black malt have a heavy preponderance of foam-positive components. Crystal malt displays the converse behaviour: it contains low-molecular-weight foam-negative species. Several of the cereal products appear to contain higher-molecular-weight foam inhibitors, but it appears that they are merely species that are of inherently inferior foam-stabilizing capability to the foaming polypeptides from egg white that were employed to probe the system. The foam-damaging species derived from crystal malt carried through to beers brewed from them. Conclusion Intense heating in the production of cereal products does lead to enhanced foam performance in extracts of those products. However, not all speciality malts display superior foam performance, through their development of foam-negative species of lower molecular weight. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Antinuclear antibodies in rabbit antisera

Antinuclear antibodies were detected by immunofluorescence in most sera from rabbits immunized with whole human serum emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant. Four of 14 sera from rabbits immunized with Cohn fractions III, IV-1, or IV-4 also gave positive nuclear fluorescence with human leukocyte nuclei. Other human and animal nuclei gave negative results with these rabbit antisera. Three rabbit anti-whole human sera had complement-fixing antibody against DNA in sufficient titer for study in quantitative complement fixation tests. Antibody with greatest reactivity with human single strand DNA was detected in the 3 rabbit antisera. Reactivity with rabbit, calf thymus, and B. natto DNA was also detected. In each case reactivity was greater with single strand than with native DNA. Antibodies against human histone and purine-6-oly BSA were also detected. No correlation was found between the titers of rheumatoidlike factors and antinuclear antibodies present in the rabbit antisera. The induction of antinuclear antibodies in these rabbits was not associated with disease attributable to the antibodies. The induction of antinuclear antibody by immunization with whole human serum was interpreted as indicating the presence of antigenic nuclear material in whole human serum.
Dexrazoxane Abrogates Acute Doxorubicin Toxicity in Marmoset Ovary

Preservation of ovarian function following chemotherapy for nonovarian cancers is a formidable challenge. For prepubescent girls, the only option to prevent chemotherapy damage to the ovary is ovarian tissue cryopreservation, an experimental procedure requiring invasive surgeries to harvest and reimplant tissue, which carries the risk of cancer reintroduction. Drugs that block the primary mechanism of chemotherapy insult, such as dexrazoxane (Dexra) in the context of anthracycline chemotherapy, provide a novel approach for ovarian protection and have the potential to overcome current limitations to oncofertility treatment. Dexra is a catalytic topoisomerase 2 inhibitor that protects the mouse ovary from acute doxorubicin (DXR) chemotherapy toxicity in vitro by preventing DXR-induced DNA damage and subsequent gammaH2AX activation. To translate acute DXR ovarian insult and Dexra protection from mouse to nonhuman primate, freshly obtained marmoset ovarian tissue was cultured in vitro and treated with vehicle or 20 μM Dexra 1 h prior to 50 nM DXR. Cultured ovarian tissue was harvested at 2, 4, or 24 h post-DXR treatment. Dexra prevented DXR-induced DNA double-strand breaks as quantified by the neutral comet assay. DXR treatment for 24 h increased gammaH2AX phosphorylation, specifically increasing the number of foci-positive granulosa cells in antral follicles, while Dexra pretreatment inhibited DXR-induced gammaH2AX phosphorylation foci formation. Additionally, Dexra pretreatment trended toward attenuating DXR-induced AKT1 phosphorylation and caspase-9 activation as assayed by Western blots of ovarian tissue lysates. The combined findings suggest Dexra prevents primary DXR-induced DNA damage, the subsequent cellular response to DNA damage, and may diminish early apoptotic signaling in marmoset ovarian tissue. This study provides initial translation of Dexra protection against acute ovarian DXR toxicity from mice to marmoset monkey tissue.
Real-time adaptive and trajectory-optimized manipulator motion planning

While there has been a large body of literature addressing offline path planning for manipulators, there is relatively less study on real-time motion planning that occurs as a manipulator moves in an environment with unknown obstacles or unknown changes. This paper introduces a unified and general motion planning approach based on evolutionary computation that is suitable for both offline and real-lime adaptive motion planning for manipulators under various optimization criteria and manipulator constraints in environments with obstacles or changes not known a priori. The implementation and testing results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the approach.
γ-Robust facility relocation problem

Abstract In this paper, we consider relocating facilities, where we have demand changes in the network. Relocations are performed by closing some of the existing facilities from low demand areas and opening new ones in newly emerging areas. However, the actual changes of demand are not known in advance. Therefore, different scenarios with known probabilities are used to capture such demand changes. We develop a mixed integer programming model for facility relocation that minimizes the expected weighted distance while making sure that relative regret for each scenario is no greater than γ . We analyzed the problem structure and developed a Lagrangian Decomposition Algorithm (LDA) to expedite the solution process. Numerical experiments are carried out to show the performance of LDA against the exact solution method.
Multi-dimensional Systematist: 21st Century Systematics in a Time of Rapid Progress

In his commentary on the state of systematics today, Crisci (2006) adds his perspectives to a series of such commentaries published in the pages of Systematic Botany (e.g., Kruckeberg 1997; Lammers 1999; Landrum 2001). He associates the rise of molecular biology with the decline in conventional plant taxonomy and makes a number of assertions about cause and effect in systematics in particular and biology in general, which create a rather bleak view of the state of systematics. The author identifies a series of risks—perils— that confront the field of systematics today. In noting that these are correlated in time with the dramatic increase in emphasis on molecular biology, he draws a connection between the two and suggests that a tendency to support molecular biology at the institutional level has created a self-reinforcing tendency towards molecular systematics and has had a negative effect on progress in other, more traditional, areas of systematics. His view is one that is widely held by systematists today and, in general, I’m sympathetic to just about everything he has to say, although I think he has missed the mark in a few places and is in error if he thinks the effects he describes are unique to systematics. I’ll offer some commentary and a critique of some of his interpretations. I will end with a re-write of his ‘‘perils’’ in the form of ‘‘descriptors’’ of what I think is the state of systematics today. I think I have a more hopeful view of our field, although I share his concern that the decline of taxonomic expertise is a serious problem at a time when loss of biodiversity is widely recognized as a global problem.
Using the Teaching Perspectives Inventory in Athletic Training Education to Improve Teaching and Learning Strategies

W hen educators and students communicate there are assumptions that both parties understand each other and assumptions about what is meant by the way information, concepts and content are communicated.1-3 These assumptions can be based on the individual actions, beliefs, and intentions that each party brings to the teaching and learning environment. By learning more about the actions, beliefs, and intentions that we, as educators, bring to the teaching and learning environment, we can learn how to teach more effectively and how to achieve specific teaching objectives. The actions, beliefs, and intentions that athletic training educators bring to the teaching environment constitute what Pratt3 calls a “teaching perspective.” It can be useful for athletic training educators to find their dominant teaching perspective because there are a number of specific teaching activities and strategies that work well from each perspective. The purpose of this column is to illustrate how athletic training educators can identify their dominant teaching perspective, and employ effective teaching strategies that are appropriate for their teaching goals using the Teaching Perspectives Inventory (TPI).
Towards a taxonomy of standards in smart data

The usage of large amounts of data has an immense potential for global economic growth and the competitiveness of countries with high technological standards. Vast amounts of data from different sources are collected and analyzed in order to seek economic profit and competitive advantages for companies and society in general. To gain profit from such data, it needs to be analyzed, processed, and interpreted. Thus, knowledge can be created and such generation of knowledge within the analysis and interpretation process constitutes the difference between "Big" and "Smart" Data. In this paper we present a taxonomy to develop standards in the field of Smart Data. It consists of 8 challenges that need to be addressed by standards and 13 fields of standardization.
Estimating oxygen transport resistance of the microvascular wall

The problem of diffusion of O2 across the endothelial surface in precapillary vessels and its utilization in the vascular wall remains unresolved. To establish a relationship between precapillary r...
Epidemic Characteristics of Intestinal Infectious Disease in Nanning during 2004—2007

[Objective]To analyze the epidemic characteristics of intestinal infectious disease in Nanning during 2004-2007,and provide evidence for further prevention and control.[Methods]Epidemiological data of intestinal infectious disease in Nanning from 2004 to 2007 was analyzed.[Results]Totally 29 961 cases of intestinal infectious disease were reported,the annual incidence was l14.53/100 000 and the annual average mortality was 0.09/100 000(6 death cases).18 outbreaks of intestinal infectious disease were reported with 1258 cases.The majority cases were infectious diarrhea and dysentery,accounting for 57.52% and 37.97% of total cases,respectively.The incidence in rural areas was higher than urban areas(P0.05),the incidence in male was higher than that in female(P0.01).The cases concentrated on living scattered children aged 0~5 years.[Conclusion]It is important to improve health education about the prevention of intestinal infectious disease in school and rural area.The leadership of the government,departments coordination,social participation,and a comprehensive prevention and control are the main strategy for intestinal infectious disease control.
Auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo calculations with multiple-projector pseudopotentials

We have implemented recently developed multiple-projector pseudopotentials into the plane-wave-based auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo (pw-AFQMC) method. Multiple-projector pseudopotentials can yield smaller plane-wave cutoffs while maintaining or improving transferability. This reduces the computational cost of pw-AFQMC, increasing its reach to larger and more complicated systems. We discuss the use of nonlocal pseudopotentials in the separable Kleinman-Bylander form, and the implementation in pw-AFQMC of the multiple-projector optimized norm-conserving pseudopotential ONCVPSP of Hamann. The accuracy of the method is first demonstrated by equation-of-state calculations of the ionic insulator NaCl and more strongly correlated metal Cu. The method is then applied to calibrate the accuracy of density-functional theory (DFT) predictions of the phase stability of recently discovered high temperature and pressure superconducting sulfur hydride systems. We find that DFT results are in good agreement with pw-AFQMC, due to the near cancellation of electron-electron correlation effects between different structures.
The Head and Neck Cancer Patient Concern Inventory© : Patient Concerns' Prevalence, Dental Concerns' Impact, and Relationships of Concerns with Quality of Life Measures.

Purpose The Patient Concern Inventory© (PCI) is a clinical tool of self-reported patient concerns to be used by the clinician to structure the patient-oncologist visit. It was developed in the United Kingdom to address the issues of quality of life (QOL) in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. The purpose of the study reported here was to determine the prevalence of PCI© items, the associations between PCI© items and QOL, and to explore the importance of oral/dental issues in the patient's well-being. Methods The PCI© and the University of Washington (UW-QOLv4) instruments were self-administered by an HNC population in a cross-sectional study. Following an a priori sample size estimate, consecutive HNC patients attending at the University of Florida's Oral Medicine and the ENT Clinics had the study described, eligibility assessed, and if eligible, were invited to participate in the study. Participants completed the PCI© and UW-QOL. PCI© issues prevalence was determined, and for those with a ≥10% prevalence: 1) Fisher's exact test was used to test for statistical differences between treatments, and 2) multivariable regression was used to test each of the prevalent PCI© issues across four QOL measures, health in the last 7 days, overall QOL in the last 7 days, and the physical and social domain scores. Results Twenty of 45 PCI© issues had a prevalence ≥10%. Of the 15 prevalent items statistically associated with a QOL measure, four issues are the clinical responsibility of the dental profession: 1) chewing/eating, 2) dental health/teeth, 3) mouth opening, and 4) salivation. An additional four (eight total, 50%) are of clinical concern for dental clinicians: 5) pain in head/neck, 6) swallowing, 7) speech/voice/being understood, and 8) taste. Conclusions Dental concerns represent almost half of all PCI© concerns observed in 10% or more of the sample patients. Prosthodontists should support our maxillofacial prosthodontics specialists in joining other oral oncologists and advocate for comprehensive, integrated dental support for HNC patients by assuring dental involvement/inclusion with the multidisciplinary oncology team and a research agenda to established best patient-centered outcomes.
Increased inflammation from childhood to adolescence predicts sleep apnea in boys: A preliminary study

Abstract While chronic systemic inflammation in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been traditionally considered a consequence of intermittent hypoxia, several treatment studies targeting inflammation suggest that this process may precede the development of the disorder. A recent cross-sectional study in the Penn State Child Cohort (PSCC) revealed that inflammation largely mediates the association between visceral adiposity and OSA in adolescence. The purpose of this study was to examine for the first time whether, longitudinally, inflammation precedes OSA during this developmental period. A subsample of the PSCC with longitudinal sleep and inflammation data (n = 51) was included in this study. Participants underwent 9-h polysomnography (22:00–7:00), physical exam, and fasting morning blood draw at both time points. Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured via ELISA. At follow-up, visceral, subcutaneous, and total fat area were assessed via dual X-ray absorptiometry. Sex differences in body composition emerged in adolescence, with boys having more visceral adiposity than girls. Longitudinal increases in waist circumference from childhood to adolescence were associated with increases in CRP (ΔCRP) and follow-up CRP in boys, but not girls. Furthermore, in boys, ΔCRP was associated with higher follow-up apnea/hypopnea index (AHI). When ΔCRP was entered into a model predicting follow-up AHI, Δwaist circumference was no longer significant, indicating that inflammation largely explains the association between increasing central obesity and OSA severity. These preliminary findings, in a longitudinal, non-clinical sample of children developing OSA, suggest that inflammation derived from visceral adipose tissue precedes the development of the disorder, suggesting a potential causal mechanism.
Lexical parsability and morphological structure

In the computational framework of Temporal Self-Organising Maps (TSOMs)Marcello Ferro, Claudia Marzi and Vito Pirrelli analyse in their paper Lexical parsability and morphological structure the emergence of morphological structure in lexical acquisition to provide an explanatory basis for both psycholinguistic and linguistic accounts of lexical parsability. Simulations of the incremental acquisition of German verb paradigms in different training conditions show the correlation between frequency of word forms and perception (or lack of perception) of their structure, suggesting that it is not possible to decouple representations from the processing operations defined over representations.
Control Optimization with Learning Automata

In this chapter, we will discuss an alternative to Reinforcement Learning for solving Markov decision problems (MDPs) and Semi-Markov decision problems (SMDPs). The methodology that we will discuss in this chapter is generally referred to as Learning Automata. We have already discussed the theory of learning automata in the context of parametric optimization. It turns out that in control optimization too, in particular for solving problems modeled with Markov chains, learning automata methods can be useful.