cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Environmental tritium as a hydrometeorlogic tool in the Roswell basin, New Mexico, III. Hydrologic parameters

Abstract Hydrologic parameters computed on the basis of tritium data were correlated with hydrologic, lithologic and structural features in the basin. In its northern part, average groundwater velocity, porosity and effective thickness of the aquifer were found to be of the order of 70 ft./day, 1% and 2 ft., respectively. These parameters were tested by a one-dimensional time-dependent dispersion equation. The observed trends and magnitudes of tritium variations in well water were reproduced. The average dispersion constant was found to be 70 ± 5 ft. A quantitative analysis of hydrologic parameters for the central part of the basin is restricted by lack of available data.
Long-term prevention of pressure ulcers in high-risk patients: a single case study of the use of gluteal neuromuscular electric stimulation.

Abstract Bogie KM, Wang X, Triolo RJ. Long-term prevention of pressure ulcers in high-risk patients: a single case study of the use of gluteal neuromuscular electric stimulation. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of gluteal neuromuscular electric stimulation (NMES) using implanted percutaneous electrodes to improve regional tissue health and decrease the risk of pressure ulcer development. Design Case study of long-term use of gluteal NMES. Setting Community. Participant A patient with a C4-level American Spinal Injury Association grade A spinal cord injury, 22 years postinjury at study enrollment, and a clinical history of regular grade II and occasional IV ischial pressure ulcers. Intervention Gluteal NMES using an electric stimulation system comprising a combination of implanted percutaneous electrodes and an external stimulator (controller). Main Outcome Measures Objective measurements of tissue health comprising evaluation of gluteal muscle thickness, interface pressures, and regional blood flow. Subjective self-reported sitting tolerance. Results Increased gluteal muscle thickness and blood flow together with reduced regional interface pressures occurred. Weight-shifting because of alternating left and right gluteal NMES became more effective over time as the muscles strengthened. Sitting tolerance more than doubled. Conclusions A gluteal NMES system has been developed that provides both improved regional tissue health and dynamic weight shifting while seated in the wheelchair. In the current case, regular daily use had a positive impact on multiple indirect indicators of tissue health. Continued use was indicated as the positive effects were lost when stimulation was discontinued.
Ca2+ as developmental signal in the formation of Ca-oxalate crystal spacing patterns during leaf development inCarya ovata

Changes in the spacing patterns of Ca-oxalate crystals during enlargement ofCarya ovata Mill. leaves were quantified by computerized image-analysis. Single Ca-oxalate crystals form in the vacuoles of young mesophyll cells transformed into crystal cells Crystals are very small in newly induced crystal cells and increase in size throughout leaf development. Crystal patterns thus reflect both induction and relative age of crystal cells. Shortly after the emergence of young leaves from the bud, very small crystals are formed in the mesophyll at high density. As leaves expand, these crystals grow larger and become separated by increasing distances. New small crystals appear in the gaps between the older, larger crystals. Later crystal patterns consist of widely spaced, larger crystals only. Finally, clusters of small crystals are formed again in the gaps between large crystals. No crystals were observed in young leaves expanding in a moist chamber, but large numbers of crystal cells were induced experimentally in sections of immature leaves floating on 4 mM Ca-acetate. The observations support the following mechanism of crystal-pattern formation: Ca2+ carried into leaves with the transpiration stream acts as the developmental signal inducing transdifferentiation of a few mesophyll cells into crystal cells when apoplastic [Ca2+] rises. Crystal cells precipitate absorbed Ca2+ as oxalate and, acting as Ca2+ sinks, inhibit crystal-cell induction in their vicinity by depleting apoplastic Ca2+. This prevents close spacing of crystal cells. New crystal cells form in the gaps between the depletion zones of older crystal cells when these move apart during leaf expansion. Later changes in crystal patterns result from increasing sink strength of crystal cells, lowered inducibility of mesophyll cells, and increased Ca2+ influx into leaves during intensive transpiration. Throughout leaf development, spacing of crystal cells permits rapid secretion of apoplastic Ca2+ as Ca-oxalate.
Effects of pigments on dynamic mechanical properties of a maxillofacial prosthetic elastomer.

Statement of problem Pigmentation and coloration play a key role in fabricating a maxillofacial prosthesis. The addition of pigments and dyes to the maxillofacial material may alter the dynamic mechanical behaviors of the prosthesis, possibly influencing the success of the prosthesis. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the type and concentration of intrinsic pigments on the dynamic mechanical properties of a commercially available maxillofacial silicone elastomer over a small range of low frequencies. Material and methods Ten pigmented mixtures (6 specimens per mixture) were made by using a base silicone elastomer mixed with each intrinsic silicone pigment (Black, Red, Tan, or Yellow) or all the pigments (MixAll) in a designated high or low concentration. The base elastomer without pigment (Unpigment) was prepared as a control. Dynamic mechanical analysis was performed over 5 low frequencies (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 Hz) at room temperature. The storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E″), and loss tangent (tanδ) in compression were determined. Mixed models for repeated measures were used for the comparisons of E′, E″, and tanδ among mixtures (α=.05). Results The means of E′, E″, and tanδ of all the pigmented specimens were lower than those of Unpigment. MixAll with high concentration had the lowest values in E′ and E″. The means of E′ and E″ of Red and Yellow in high concentration were lower than those in low concentration, whereas the means of E′ and E″ of Black and Tan in low concentration were significantly lower than those in high concentration; the means of tanδ for all the mixtures in high concentration were significantly lower than those in low concentration. The means of E′, E″, and tanδ of all the specimens tested increased as frequency increased from 0.5 to 2.5 Hz ( P Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that the addition of intrinsic silicone pigments into a base maxillofacial elastomer significantly influenced dynamic mechanical properties of the maxillofacial silicone elastomer tested over the low frequencies from 0.5 to 2.5 Hz at room temperature. This effect, which was a quick elastic return to its original shape after deformation during pigmentation or coloration, seems desirable to a certain extent in clinical application. The type and concentration of pigment may influence the elastic and viscous portion of the properties of the maxillofacial elastomeric materials tested. Low frequencies (0.5 to 2.5 Hz) affect the dynamic viscoelastic properties of the materials.
Spanning Eulerian subgraphs and matchings

Abstract Let G be a 2-edge-connected graph of order n. For a matching M3 consisting of three independent edges of E(G), let Σ(M3) denote the sum of the degrees of the six vertices incident with M3. We show that if Σ(M3)⩾2n+2 for all 3-matching M3 of G, then either G has a spanning eulerian subgraph, or there is a connected subgraph H of G such that the contraction G/H is K2,t for some odd t. We describe the nature of this contraction. The inequality is best-possible. We obtain several previous results as special cases.
Transitions of DNA homopolymers

The DNA homopolymers‡ dC, d B C ¯ and dI have been examined by various physico-chemical methods. The polymers were prepared from the homopolymer pairs dG : dC and dI : d B C ¯ by density-gradient separation at high pH. Both dC and d B C ¯ form ordered structures with themselves and differ from all other DNA structures so far examined in requiring protons for the formation of the ordered state, dI was also found to interact with itself to form an ordered complex, which appears to be the least stable of all the DNA structures so far studied. The spectra, Tm and hypochromicity of the various states of dC, d B C ¯ and dI have been investigated at various salt concentrations and pH values. Two complex transitions were studied by melting experiments. The first was the transition dI : dC → dI : dI + dC : dC, which proceeds at a fast rate at the Tm of dI : dC. The other transition, dI : dC + d B C ¯ → dI : d B C ¯ + dC (where d B C ¯ and dC are in the random-coil states) proceeds at a measurable rate well below the Tm of dI : dC.
Abstract 486: Uncovering novel PERK signaling pathways through chemical-genetic screening

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA The ER kinase PERK, a key mediator of the Unfolded Protein Response, is known to promote tumorigenesis, cell migration, and metastasis, as well as inhibit anoikis. Though PERK has these and other important cellular functions, only a handful of its direct substrates are currently known. Therefore, in order to provide an expanded view of PERK function and further definition of its signaling networks, we have used a chemical-genetic approach to screen for additional PERK substrates. We find that a mutation in the PERK ATP binding pocket renders it sensitive to bulky ATP analogs both in vitro and in cells. Furthermore, bulky ATPγS analogs were used exclusively by the analog-sensitive version of PERK to label substrates with thiophosphate. After labeling, thiophosphopeptides were affinity purified by covalent capture and subsequently identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Utilization of this analog-sensitive PERK allele for substrate characterization will be discussed. Citation Format: Nancy L. Maas, Rebecca Levin, Nickpreet Singh, Kevan Shokat, J. Alan Diehl. Uncovering novel PERK signaling pathways through chemical-genetic screening. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 486. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-486
Composition of seed banks along an elevational gradient in playa wetlands

We analyzed the composition of seed banks along an elevational gradient (0–1 m) in playa wetlands of the Southern High Plains of Texas. Differing seed-bank composition along such a gradient may be one mechanism in the determination of vegetation structure in wetlands. We used the seedling-emergence technique under moist-soil and submerged treatments to ascertain the composition of seed banks in 8 playas. There were no differences (P>0.05) in overall or common species seedling densities along the elevational gradient. Fluctuating water levels in a relatively shallow wetland, combined with the short linear distance of the gradient into a flat bottom, results in the uniform distribution of seed in playas. Additionally, wind action during periods when playas are dry may serve to distribute seeds throughout the wetland. Structure of vegetation in playas is determined principally by the varying soil moisture regime, which regulates composition of species germinating when other environmental conditions are suitable. When environmental conditions, including soil-moisture content, are appropriate for germination, each species in the seed bank could potentially be found throughout the wetland. When managing playas for specific plant species through manipulation of soil moisture, we can expect a comparable species response to similar treatments anywhere in the playa.
Splicing messenger RNA precursors: branch sites and lariat RNAs

Abstract The splicing of mRNA precursors proceeds through an unusual RNA structure: a lariat or tailed circular molecule where the 5′ end of the intervening sequence is attached to an internal residue via a 2′–5′ phosphodiester bond. The role of lariat formation and its possible significance are discussed.
3p deletion syndrome: implications for cochlear implantation.

AbstractObjective and importanceTo describe the role of cochlear implantation in patients with 3p deletion syndrome. Additionally, this paper will review non-mastoid approaches to the cochlea potentially used in cases of mastoid abnormalities.Clinical presentationA 23-month-old child with 3p deletion syndrome (3pDS) presented with suspected hearing loss and characteristic craniofacial abnormalities. Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was confirmed. Temporal bone computed tomography showed poorly developed mastoids bilaterally.InterventionCochlear implantation was successfully undertaken using a retro-auricular transmeatal approach.ConclusionSNHL is commonly encountered in patients with 3pDS and can be improved by cochlear implantation. In this patient population, particular attention must be given to pre-operative imaging and possible altered mastoid anatomy may exist. In doing so, intra-operative complications can be avoided.
MRI-Radiofrequency Tissue Tagging in Patients With Aortic Insufficiency Before and After Operation

Abstract Background . Magnetic resonance imaging tissue tagging is a relatively recent methodology that describes ventricular systolic function in terms of intramyocardial ventricular deformation. Because the analysis involves the use of many intramyocardial points to describe systolic deformation, it is theoretically more sensitive at describing subtle differences in regional myocardial fiber shortening when compared with conventional measures of ventricular function such as wall thickening. The objectives of this study were (1) to define sensitive indices of ventricular systolic deformation to assist the clinician in the surgical evaluation of patients with aortic insufficiency, and (2) to quantify differences in regional systolic deformation before and after surgery for aortic insufficiency. Methods . Magnetic resonance imaging with tissue tagging was performed on 10 normal volunteers and 8 patients with chronic severe aortic insufficiency. Follow-up postoperative studies (5.4 ± 1.1 months) were obtained in 6 patients who underwent Ross procedure (1 patient), David procedure (1), and St. Jude aortic valve replacement (4). Results . There was no significant difference in fractional area change, overall circumferential shortening, or overall radial thickening among the normal group, the preoperative aortic insufficiency group, or the postoperative aortic insufficiency group. However, on a regional basis, there was a decrease in posterior wall circumferential strains in the postoperative aortic insufficiency group (29% ± 13% preoperative aortic insufficiency (n = 6) versus 24% ± 12% postoperative aortic insufficiency (n = 6), p = 0.02). Conclusions . On regional analysis, there was a small but significant decrease in posterior wall circumferential shortening after operation. Magnetic resonance imaging tissue tagging is a sensitive and clinically applicable method of quantifying regional ventricular wall function before and after intervention for aortic insufficiency.
83 IN VIVO EFFECT OF 3-(2-CARBOXYPIPERAZIN-4-YL)PROPYL-l-PHOSPHONIC ACID (CPP), AN ANTAGONIST OF THE NMDA RECEPTOR, ON PORCINE BRAIN CELL MEMBRANE Na+,K+-ATPase

Hypoxia has been reported to decrease Na+, K+-ATPase activity and modify the NMDA receptor in cell membranes of the cerebral cortex of newborn piglets. CPP, a glutamate antagonist of the NMDA receptor, has been shown to reduce cerebral injury in animal stroke models. The present study tested the hypothesis that in vivo administration of CPP could preserve brain cell membrane Na+, K+-ATPase acitvity during hypoxia. Studies were performed in 18 anesthetized, ventilated newborn piglets (9 normoxic control--Nx, 4 CPP-treated normoxic--CPP-Nx and 5 CPP-treated hypoxic--CPP-Hx animals). Hypoxia was induced by lowering the FiO2 to 0.05-0.07 in the CPP-Hx group, and was maintained for one hour. CPP-Hx animals received CPP 30 min prior to the decrease in FiO2. Both CPP-Nx and CPP-Hx groups received CPP 2 mg/kg IV. Brain cell membrane Na+, K+-ATPase activity (μmol Pi/mg protein/hr) was decreased in CPP-Hx (37.0±3.6) and CPP-Nx (35.0±1.6) groups compared to the Nx (46.9±4.6) group (P<0.05), indicating that 2 mg/kg CPP did not prevent the decrease of brain cell membrane Na+, K+-ATPase activity following hypoxia. These results could be due to either a too low dose of CPP, or an overwhelming release of free radicals during one hour of severe hypoxia. Alternatively, given that in vitro CPP does not alter the enzyme activity, the unexpected decrease of Na+, K+-ATPase activity in the CPP-Nx group might be due to metabolites of CPP. Funded by NIH WD-20337.USA and Ter Meulen Fund, the Netherlands.
Effect of surgical insertion on the local shell properties of SILASTIC®II silicone gel breast implants

The reasons for the failure of silicone gel breast implants are unclear. One potential failure mechanism is the weakening of the implant shell during its insertion into the breast. Such local weake...
Numerical Calculation of Transonic Potential Flow about Wing-Body Combinations

A method is presented for numerically calculating the transonic potential flow about rather general geometries. It is based upon a particularly simple form of the usual quasilinear potential equations and is formulated in terms of local representations of the solution and the mapping functions used to generate the finitedifference grid. Thus, all derivatives are generated numerically and there is no need to transform the equation—a formidable task when using boundary-conforming coordinate systems for complex geometries. The solution is stabilized by adding upwind bias in supersonic regions, and the difference equations are solved by relaxation. Sample results for wing-cylinder and simple wing-fuselage combinations are presented.
Agonist-induced up-regulation of platelet-activating factor receptor messenger RNA in human monocytes.

Abstract Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent inflammatory mediator and it actions are mediated via specific cell surface receptors which are coupled to G-proteins. PAF stimulates several functions in monocytes and may modulate the expression of its own receptor. To investigate the possible modulation of PAF receptor mRNA expression Northern blot analysis of total RNA from human monocytes was performed using the cDNA of human leukocyte PAF receptor as a probe. Following the addition of 100 nM PAF, there was a 2.0-fold increase in PAF receptor mRNA at 60 minutes after the stimulation, which was inhibited by pretreatment with the PAF receptor antagonist WEB 2086. This increase returned to control level at 120 and 180 min. The increase of PAF receptor mRNA was statistically significant for 10 nM to 1 μM of PAF, while 100 nM of lysoPAF did not increase PAF receptor mRNA levels. These results suggest that PAF receptor expression can be regulated by PAF itself at the transcriptional level.
In situ electrochemical wet cell transmission electron microscopy characterization of solid–liquid interactions between Ni and aqueous NiCl2

Abstract Electrodeposition and electropolishing of nanograined nickel has been observed using an in situ electrochemical wet cell developed for transmission electron microscopy. The cell employs two thin film nickel electrodes in a 0.1 M aqueous NiCl 2 electrolyte, which were biased at ±1 V. Anisotropic electrodeposition was observed in which growth of the nickel film across the substrate occurred much more rapidly than growth perpendicular to the substrate. The anisotropic behavior results from relatively equiaxed nanograins nucleating at the growth front with little subsequent coarsening. Grains were observed to nucleate ahead of the growth front, suggesting a new mechanism for electrochemically driven growth across a substrate which depends on ionic surface adsorption ahead of the growth front. During electropolishing the dissolution of nickel tended to occur more isotropically. The film thinned relatively uniformly until certain regions displayed Rayleigh instabilities. At this point the film broke up and some regions coarsened rapidly and/or were subject to electromigration.
Poultry Litter Induces Tillering in Rice

ABSTRACT Poultry litter (PL) is used as a soil amendment for numerous crops including rice (Oryza sativa L.). Although it is known that overall rice growth and yield are improved by the addition of PL to the soil, tiller number is here identified as a specific parameter that is increased by PL. Since the addition of PL can have highly variable results in field studies, a relatively quick, small-scale, and controlled system was developed for examining the effects of PL on young rice plants grown in pots in the greenhouse. This system has several advantages over field experiments. Since the effects of PL can be observed early in rice growth by measuring early tiller production, tests can be done in a shorter time period. Greenhouse tests can also be carried out throughout the year. The application of either PL or inorganic fertilizer to the soil increases tiller number, but the combination of PL and fertilizer results in a synergistic increase in early tillers. Tiller induction by PL occurred in a number of...
A Method of Open Valvotomy in Infants with Pulmonary Atresia and Intact Ventricular Septur

Abstract A method of open pulmonary valvotomy for use in infants with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum is described, and details of its use in 5 infants are presented. We believe this technique allows open valvotomy to be done safely without use of cardiopulmonary bypass or inflow occlusion. Sufficient data are not yet available to establish whether open valvotomy per se yields results superior to conventional closed methods.
5-HT1B receptors modulate the feeding inhibitory effects of enterostatin

Serotonin (5-HT) is considered to play an important role in control of appetite. Enterostatin has been shown to alter 5-HT release in the brain, and non-specific 5-HT antagonists blocked the anorectic response to icv enterostatin. The aim of this study was to further identify which 5-HT receptor subtype mediates the enterostatin feeding behavior and whether this effect occurs due to action in the PVN. Wild-type and 5-HT2C receptor-/- (KO) mice and normal Sprague-Dawley rats were used in these experiments. All animals were fed a high fat diet. Enterostatin (120 nmol, i.p.) reduced the intake of high fat diet in 5-HT2C receptor mutant mice (saline 4.54 +/- 0.47 kcal vs. Ent 2.53 +/- 0.76 kcal) 1 h after injection. A selective 5-HT1B antagonist (GR55526, 40 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) blocked the enterostatin hypophagic effects in these KO mice. Rats were implanted with cannulas into the amygdala and the ipsilateral PVN. The 5-HT receptor antagonists metergoline (non-specific receptor subtypes 1 and 2), or ritanserin (selective 2C), or GR55562 (selective l B) was injected into the PVN prior to enterostatin (0.01 nmol) injection into the amygdala. Enterostatin reduced food intake (saline: 5.80 +/- 0.59 g vs. enterostatin 3.47 +/- 0.56 g, P < 0.05 at l h). Pretreatment with either metergoline (10 nmol) or GR55526 (10 nmol) but not ritanserin (10 nmol) into the PVN attenuated the anorectic response to amygdala enterostatin. The data imply that the enterostatin anorectic response may be modulated by 5-HT1B receptors and that a neuronal pathway from the amygdala to the PVN regulates the enterostatin response through activation of 5-HTlB receptors in PVN.
Processes controlling visually evoked movements.

Abstract The experiments described here are addressed at identifying some of the processes underlying arm and head movements in monkeys. We have indicated that these movements depend, at least partially, upon a process that specifies an equilibrium point between agonist and antagonist muscles rather than amplitude and duration of movement. In addition, our findings suggest that a major role of the feedback system is in updating and adjusting the execution of learned motor patterns when posture is changed. Compensation for unexpected disturbances occurring during a preprogrammed movement was not found to be a major function of afferent feedback.
Measurement and modeling of terahertz spectral signatures from layered material

Many materials such as drugs and explosives have characteristic spectral signatures in the terahertz (THz) band. These unique signatures hold great promise for potential detection utilizing THz radiation. While such spectral features are most easily observed in transmission,real life imaging systems will need to identify materials of interest from reflection measurements,often in non-ideal geometries. In this work we investigate the interference effects introduced by layered materials,whic h are commonly encountered in realistic sensing geometries. A model for reflection from a layer of material is presented,along with reflection measurements of single layers of sample material. Reflection measurements were made to compare the response of two materials; α-lactose monohydrate which has sharp absorption features,and polyethylene which does not. Finally,the model is inverted numerically to extract material parameters from the measured data as well as simulated reflection responses from the explosive C4.
Laparoscopic Gastrostomy and Fundoplication

Laparoscopic gastrostomy and fundoplication are a useful alternative to open fundoplication and gastrostomy in pediatric patients. Laparoscopic fundoplication appears to decrease the length of hospital stay and allow a more rapid recovery.
Universal extra dimensions and Kaluza-Klein bound states

We study the bound states of the Kaluza-Klein (KK) excitations of quarks in certain models of universal extra dimensions. Such bound states may be detected at future lepton colliders in the cross section for the pair production of KK quarks near threshold. For typical values of model parameters, we find that ``KK quarkonia'' have widths in the 10\char21{}100 MeV range, and production cross sections of the order of a few picobarns for the lightest resonances. Two body decays of the constituent KK quarks lead to distinctive experimental signatures. We point out that such KK resonances may be discovered before any of the higher KK modes.
Results of a method of leg-length equalization for patients undergoing primary total hip replacement.

Abstract The postoperative leg-length discrepancy was determined radiographically for a consecutive series of 351 patients (408 hips) who underwent bilateral or unilateral primary total hip replacement using a single method of leg-length equalization by preoperative planning with overlay templates. The method of equalization was performed by a measurement of the femoral head and neck segment to be resected from a reference point at the superior aspect of the dislocated femoral head. The amount of femoral bone resected was determined preoperatively by determining the dimensions of the acetabular component thickness and the femoral component head and neck height that would be replacing this resected bone and adjusting this distance for any preexisting leg-length discrepancy. Using this leg-length equalization method, the length of the modular femoral head nec was chosen preoperatively, rather than using soft tissue tension across the prosthetic hip joint to determine whether the leg lengths were equal. Postoperative leg lengths were determined radiologically from a measurement from the acetabular teardrop to the lesser trochanter. Ninety-seven percent of the patients had a postoperative leg-length discrepancy that was less than 1 cm, and 86% had a leg-length difference that was 6 mm ( 1 4 inch) or less. The average postoperative discrepancy for these 351 patients was 1 mm.
Very-High-Resolution Panoramic Photography to Improve Conventional Rangeland Monitoring

Rangeland monitoring often includes repeat photographs as a basis for documentation. Whereas photographic equipment and electronics have been evolving rapidly, photographic monitoring methods for rangelands have changed little over time because each picture is a compromise between resolution and area covered. Advances in image sensors, storage media, and image-processing software allow enormous amounts of information to be collected efficiently and inexpensively, so multiple pictures taken at full zoom can be combined into a single high-resolution panoramic image. This project was initiated to integrate very-high-resolution panoramic images with conventional rangeland monitoring methods addressing three resource management categories: riparian areas, wildlife, and invasive species.
Unstable flux flow due to heated electrons in superconducting films.

A flux instability occurs in superconductors at low temperatures, where $e\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}e$ scattering is more rapid than $e\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{h}$, whereby the dissipation significantly elevates the electronic temperature while maintaining a thermal-like distribution function. The reduction in condensate and rise in resistivity produce a nonmonotonic current-voltage response. In contrast to the Larkin-Ovchinnikov instability where the vortex shrinks, in this scenario the vortex expands and the quasiparticle population rises. Measurements in ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1}{\mathrm{B}\mathrm{a}}_{2}{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{u}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ agree quantitatively with the distinct predictions of this mechanism.
Regression of collagen-induced arthritis with taxol, a microtubule stabilizer

Objective. To investigate the capacity of taxol, a microtubule stabilizer, to inhibit collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a model of rheumatoid arthritis. Methods. Louvain rats were immunized with type II collagen (day 0) to induce arthritis. Taxol was administered beginning on day 2 (prevention protocol) or at arthritis onset on day 9 (in either a high-dose or low-dose suppression protocol). Rats were assessed clinically and radiographically for arthritis severity. Cellular and humoral immune responses to type II collagen were also evaluated. Results. Institution of taxol prior to arthritis onset completely precluded the development of CIA (P < 0.0001 versus controls). It also suppressed established clinical disease (high-dose protocol P < 0.0000001; low-dose protocol P < 0.0001) and radiographic erosions (high-dose protocol P < 0.00001; low-dose protocol P < 0.001) compared with controls. Levels of IgG antibodies, but not delayed-type hypersensitivity, to type II collagen were reduced after taxol administration. Conclusion. Taxol completely prevented the induction of CIA and caused significant regression of existing arthritis.
Social Networks in Male and Female Adolescents

The major focus of this research is the examination of the relationships among social network variables and personality variables across time in male and female adolescents. Although a number of re...
A Proposed Uniaxial Anisotropic Dielectric Measurement Technique

The popular printed circuit board (PCB) material, FR4 is composed of a glass fiber weave embedded in epoxy. Because the epoxy and the glass fiber have different dielectric constants, the dielectric constant experienced by electric field in the substrate depends on the direction of the electric field. Error in knowledge of this anisotropy causes error in the electromagnetic (EM) analysis of any circuits being designed. An "average" dielectric constant can be used, however the correct average depends on the specific field configuration and thus on the specific circuit layout. As such, both accurate knowledge of dielectric anisotropy and the ability to perform EM analysis including anisotropy is important. This paper proposes a new dual mode resonator for measurement of dielectric anisotropy, specifically uniaxial anisotropy where there is one dielectric constant for electric field perpendicular to the substrate surface, and a second dielectric constant for all electric field tangential to the substrate surface. The technique proposes to compare EM analysis results to measurements to determine the anisotropy. In this paper, we describe and simulate the proposed approach and illustrate evaluation of the expected error.
Melanogenuria: laboratory evaluation of the qualitative Thormählen and ferric chloride tests and their clinical utility.

Malignant melanoma, a disease that is increasing in occurrence and medical concern, is characterized by the excretion of melanogens. Two qualitative tests are recommended for melanogen detection, the Thormahlen test and the ferric chloride test. We evaluated the laboratory and clinical performance of these tests by subsequently re-evaluating 201 urine samples that had been submitted for routine melanogen analysis. We used (a) Thormahlen, (b) ferric chloride, (c) small-scale thin-layer chromatography, and (d) spectrophotometry. Nearly 30% of Thormahlen test results were equivocal. The ferric chloride test was of no value in itself or in categorizing equivocal Thormahlen results as positive or negative. The small-scale chromatography was irreproducible. Prompt scanning of the Thormahlen reaction product was helpful in classifying equivocal results. History review of 121 histopathologically diagnosed melanoma patients indicated that these qualitative assays were of no clinical value in the diagnosis or monitoring of melanoma patients.
Physics of Cardiac Arrhythmogenesis

A normal heartbeat is orchestrated by the stable propagation of an excitation wave that produces an orderly contraction. In contrast, wave turbulence in the ventricles, clinically known as ventricular fibrillation (VF), stops the heart from pumping and is lethal without prompt defibrillation. I review experimental, computational, and theoretical studies that have shed light on complex dynamical phenomena linked to the initiation, maintenance, and control of wave turbulence. I first discuss advances made to understand the precursor state to a reentrant arrhythmia where the refractory period of cardiac tissue becomes spatiotemporally disordered; this is known as an arrhythmogenic tissue substrate. I describe observed patterns of transmembrane voltage and intracellular calcium signaling that can contribute to this substrate, and symmetry breaking instabilities to explain their formation. I then survey mechanisms of wave turbulence and discuss novel methods that exploit electrical pacing stimuli to control pr...
Characterization of the intrinsic properties of the anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligament cells: An in vitro cell culture study

The poor healing abilities of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in contrast to those of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) are well known. Different intrinsic properties of the constituent cells of these ligaments have been proposed to be one of the factors in the differential repair mechanisms. To examine this hypothesis, we have established primary cell lines of ACL and MCL from the tissue explants of approximately similar dimensions and have studied their behavior in vitro. The outgrowth of cells from ACL explants was slower than from MCL explants, as shown by the size of the surrounding clusters of cells. Both ACL and MCL cultures exhibited typical fibroblastic morphology. No significant differences were observed in either attachment or growth of cells from the attached explants derived from various segments of ACL and MCL. Growth curves of ACL and MCL cultures at both passage numbers 2 and 6 showed a slower rate of proliferation of ACL cells than MCL cells (p less than 0.005). DNA synthesis measured in terms of [3H]thymidine incorporation (CPM/10(3) cells) of both log phase (ACL = 607.5 +/- 5.4 vs. MCL = 1356.4 +/- 11.3) and confluent (ACL = 83.0 +/- 3.6 vs. MCL = 189.8 +/- 5.4) cultures, supports the conclusion that differential proliferation rates of these cells exist in culture. FITC-phalloidin staining (for actin) of later passage cultures (P3-P5) showed a spread-out appearance of ACL cells and an elongated appearance of MCL cells. Relatively more stress fibers were seen within ACL cells. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis of cellular proteins revealed higher actin (43 kDa) content in ACL cells than in MCL cells. In vitro wound closure assay was performed by creating a uniform wound of 0.6 mm width in the confluent layer of ACL and MCL cultures. By 48 h postwounding, cell-free zones created in ACL cultures were occupied partially by single cells in a nonconfluent fashion. In contrast, the wounded zone in the MCL cultures was almost completely covered by the cells. Results presented in this report demonstrate a lower proliferation and migration potential of ACL cells in comparison with MCL cells. These differences in intrinsic properties of ACL and MCL cells that were observed in vitro might contribute to the differential healing potentials of these ligaments in vivo.
Mitotic Control of Planar Cell Polarity by Polo-like Kinase 1.

Summary During cell division, polarized epithelial cells employ mechanisms to preserve cell polarity and tissue integrity. In dividing cells of the mammalian skin, planar cell polarity (PCP) is maintained through the bulk internalization, equal segregation, and polarized recycling of cortical PCP proteins. The dramatic redistribution of PCP proteins coincides precisely with cell-cycle progression, but the mechanisms coordinating PCP and mitosis are unknown. Here we identify Plk1 as a master regulator of PCP dynamics during mitosis. Plk1 interacts with core PCP component Celsr1 via a conserved polo-box domain (PBD)-binding motif, localizes to mitotic endosomes, and directly phosphorylates Celsr1. Plk1-dependent phosphorylation activates the endocytic motif specifically during mitosis, allowing bulk recruitment of Celsr1 into endosomes. Inhibiting Plk1 activity blocks PCP internalization and perturbs PCP asymmetry. Mimicking dileucine motif phosphorylation is sufficient to drive Celsr1 internalization during interphase. Thus, Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of Celsr1 ensures that PCP redistribution is precisely coordinated with mitotic entry.
The Staff's Perception of a Skilled Nursing Facility:

In various studies of nursing homes, questions arise as to what type of institution a nursing home really is. This study examined the meaning of a skilled nursing facility to its staff through interviews with 17 staff members and with 2 residents who were interviewed to further illumine the staff data. Thematic analysis resulted in eight themes: caring, death, food, professionalism, images of the institution, policy versus what actually happens, differentiation, and integration. The data illustrated the professionalism and caring ethic of the staff, who appeared torn between the wish to care and the need for efficiency and, at the same time, the lack of a caring ethos implicit in the staff's relative silence about death and dying and the competitiveness among disciplines.
Vibrational Imaging of Glucose Uptake Activity in Live Cells and Tissues by Stimulated Raman Scattering

Glucose is a ubiquitous energy source for most living organisms. Its uptake activity closely reflects cellular metabolic demand in various physiopathological conditions. Extensive efforts have been made to specifically image glucose uptake, such as with positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and fluorescence microscopy, but all have limitations. A new platform to visualize glucose uptake activity in live cells and tissues is presented that involves performing stimulated Raman scattering on a novel glucose analogue labeled with a small alkyne moiety. Cancer cells with differing metabolic activities can be distinguished. Heterogeneous uptake patterns are observed with clear cell-cell variations in tumor xenograft tissues, neuronal culture, and mouse brain tissues. By offering the distinct advantage of optical resolution but without the undesirable influence of fluorophores, this method will facilitate the study of energy demands of living systems with subcellular resolution.
Minimizing Image Misregistration during PET/CT- guided Percutaneous Interventions with Monitored Breath-hold PET and CT Acquisitions

Abstract Purpose To validate a monitored, breath-hold positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) acquisition technique for the minimization of respiratory PET/CT image misregistration and lesion distortion during PET/CT–guided percutaneous interventional procedures. Materials and Methods Eleven patients referred for percutaneous biopsy or thermal ablation of tumors near the diaphragm were prospectively enrolled. Initial PET/CT scanning was performed by using a bellows device and monitored, same-level breath-holds for PET and CT acquisitions. Breath-hold PET consisted of nine 20-second breath-hold frames, yielding a 3-minute equivalent PET dataset. A second PET/CT scan was obtained without monitoring by using end-expiration breath-hold CT and free-breathing PET. PET/CT tumor misregistration and craniocaudal tumor diameter were measured on monitored and unmonitored PET/CT datasets. Data were analyzed by using nonparametric, two-sided, signed-rank statistical tests. Results Mean PET/CT image misregistrations in the craniocaudal, anteroposterior, and transverse planes were 2.6 mm (range, 0–7 mm), 3.3 mm (range, 1–8 mm), and 2.7 mm (range, 0–8 mm) with monitoring and 14.7 mm (range, 0–49 mm), 7.6 mm (range, 1–24 mm), and 4.0 mm (range, 0–12 mm) without monitoring, respectively. Differences were significant for craniocaudal ( P = .0087) and anteroposterior ( P = .014) planes, but not for the transverse plane ( P = .23). Mean craniocaudal target diameter was 2.5 mm (range, −2 to 9 mm) larger (ie, distorted) for unmonitored versus monitored PET ( P = .061). Conclusions Acquiring PET/CT datasets with respiratory bellows-assisted, monitored breath-holds improves PET/CT image registration versus unmonitored PET/CT and may facilitate accurate targeting during PET/CT–guided interventions in anatomic regions subject to respiratory motion.
Energy efficient multiprocessor task scheduling under input-dependent variation

In this paper, we propose a novel, energy aware scheduling algorithm for applications running on DVS-enabled multiprocessor systems, which exploits variation in execution times of individual tasks. In particular, our algorithm takes into account latency and resource constraints, precedence constraints among tasks and input-dependent variation in execution times of tasks to produce a scheduling solution and voltage assignment such that the average energy consumption is minimized. Our algorithm is based on a mathematical programming formulation of the scheduling and voltage assignment problem and runs in polynomial time. Experiments with randomly generated task graphs show that up to 30% savings in energy can be obtained by using our algorithm over existing techniques. We perform experiments on two real-world applications - MPEG-4 decoder and MJPEG encoder. Simulations show that the scheduling solution generated by our algorithm can provide up to 25% reduction in energy consumption over greedy dynamic slack reclamation algorithms.
Why we can prevent, control and possibly treat – but will not eradicate – rabies

ABSTRACT Rabies is an acute, progressive viral encephalitis. Despite historical recognition, millions still remain exposed annually. Most fatalities are of children, although this zoonosis is a vaccine-preventable disease. All developed countries interrupted canine transmission and increasingly, Asian and African communities recognize what Latin Americans demonstrated – dog rabies can be eliminated – by mass application of veterinary vaccines. Realistically, rabies is not a candidate for eradication. Management is lacking for major reservoirs, such as bats. Increasing pre-exposure immunization of individuals at risk, simplification of postexposure schedules, enhancing vaccine delivery by alternative routes, development of less expensive biologics and antiviral drugs, may lessen its impact if applied strategically in a One Health context.
Studies on process induced optoelectronic and structural modifications of CdS/CZTS heterojunction interface affecting solar cell efficiency

Modification in the structure and electronic properties of the heterojunction interface between p-Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) films and n-CdS films induced by inevitable process related annealing used in the fabrication of solar cells has been studied. XRD and XPS studies show Cu and Cd cross diffusion across the CdS/CZTS interface in the as-formed state and after annealing at 200°C for 10–60 min. These modifications shift the absorption edge of n-type heterojunction layer towards the lower energy side diminishing the spectrally important light radiation reaching the p-CZTS absorber which reduces carrier generation and short circuit current. Diffusing Cd into Cu vacancy site result in forming a low field p− n− n+ buried homojunction within p-CZTS as observed by dark current-voltage characteristics. For the CdS/CZTS junction it is shown as an undesirable effect for efficient generation and collection of photo-excited carriers.
Hydrops, Cystic Hygroma, Fetal Hydrothorax, and Fetal Ascites

Fetal hydrops is a generalized increase in total body fluid manifesting as edema and effusion in body cavities such as the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal spaces. Hydrops is said to be present when subcutaneous edema is accompanied by effusion into two or more serous cavities. It can be divided into the immune type, which is caused by sensitization to blood group antigens, resulting in anemia, and the nonimmune types. Nonimmune fetal hydrops now accounts for almost 90 % of hydrops cases. The incidence of nonimmune fetal hydrops is 1:1,500 to 1:3,800 births.
Hydrogen-Bonding Complexes of 5-Azauracil and Uracil Derivatives in Organic Medium.

Uracil derivatives form strong complexes with complementary 2,4-diaminotriazine and adenine compounds, whereas derivatives of 5-azauracil (2,4-dioxotriazine) are known to form weak complexes in aqueous medium. However, herein we report that in organic medium (CDCl3), the 5-azauracil moiety forms hydrogen-bond-mediated complexes with complementary 2,4-diaminotriazine and adenine compounds, with strengths comparable to those formed by uracil compounds. Such dichotomous base-pairing behavior of the 5-azauracil moiety, in organic versus aqueous media, is found to be consistent with the ionization of the 5-azauracil moiety in aqueous medium leading to competitive interference from water molecules (via solvation), which is absent (lack of such ionization and solvent interference) in organic medium. This discriminating role of solvent (e.g., water) could have been an important factor in the selection of molecules, based on their physicochemical properties, and subsequently in the emergence of potential primordia...
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis presenting as a brainstem encephalitis

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a disease characterized by inflammation and destruction of myelin. Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE) is a severe form of ADEM known for its particularly poor outcome. We present a case of a young Caucasian female who presented with drowsiness and slurred speech followed by rapid brainstem involvement resembling rhomboencephalitis. Despite multiple diagnostic tests and empiric therapy with immunosuppressants, immunoglobulins, and antimicrobials, she lost most brainstem reflexes within a few weeks and ultimately passed away. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed progression of lesions from the brainstem to eventually involve bilateral cerebral hemispheres. Autopsy and microscopic examination of the brain revealed several hemorrhagic lesions throughout the brain and rendered a diagnosis of AHLE. AHLE was initially described in 1941 and is thought to be autoimmune related, possibly related to cross reactivity between the immune system and CNS tissues like myelin. While a definitive inciting pathogen was not discovered, this case emphasizes the importance of considering AHLE in the differential diagnosis of patients with rapid loss of neurologic function and highlights an atypical presentation of ADEM/AHLE.