cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrating cranial nerve and release enhancing exercises assist several manipulative methods when treating a subset of head and neck pain patients

We believe that some direct and indirect barriers to active and passive movement are related to and maintained by altered cranial nerve, cerebellar, autonomic and an unknown number of other higher brain functions. Building on these concepts, an integrated diagnostic, treatment, and exercise program has been designed for a subset of long term chronic pain patients [43]. The strategy integrates myofascial release, functional, cranial, and muscle energy treatment methods with patient-generated release enhancing maneuvers [50]. Based on functionally related kinesiologic and neurophysiologic principles, release enhancing maneuvers (requested voluntary movements) are empirically designed to modify pathophysiologic peripherally and centrally mediated myofascial, neural, neuroendocrine and joint-related activities [17, 18, 19, 27, 40, 56]. We speculate that positive, and occasional pain exacerbating, changes occur through • Restoration of appropriate myofascial and joint-related proprioceptive/exteroceptive feedback among kinesiologically related muscle groups • Palpation related antinociceptive afferent peripheral stimulation by way of skin. Other soft tissue stimulation also modulates central and peripheral nociceptive processing in such areas as the somatosensory cortex, periaqueductal gray, hypothalamus, limbic system, spinothalamic tracts, dorsal horn, and spinal cord intermediolateral columns [5, 11, 23, 25, 49] • Patient distraction. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a few clinical concepts for others to try and, perhaps, do research.
Estimating diffuse irradiance on organisms: A comparison of results from isotropic and anisotropic sky radiance models

In calculating the diffuse irradiances of both solar and longwave radiation on geometric solids chosen to simulate organisms or parts of organisms, it is conventional to employ an isotropic sky model. This simplifies computations but may be unrealistic for radiative fluxes of atmospheric origin. The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the significance of error brought about by the adoption of the isotropic assumption to compute the diffuse irradiance on the sphere, the vertical circular cylinder, the horizontal circular cylinder, the cone, the inclined plane, the parallelipiped, the vertical elliptical cylinder, the horizontal cylinder with hemispheric ends and the vertical cylinder with an upfacing hemispheric end. Theory is presented for the diffuse irradiance on an infinitessimal element, and for that on the solid forms. Results using the isotropic assumption are compared to those obtained using empirically-derived radiance distributions for atmospheric longwave irradiance and for solar diffuse irradiance under both overcast and cloud-free skies. These experiments suggest that, for the longwave irradiance, the isotropic sky model performs well. For solar diffuse radiation, however, errors are larger. Data are presented which permit estimation of the magnitude and direction of the error under a variety of conditions. Ultimately, the decision to employ an isotropic or anisotropic sky model will depend on the nature of the application. The methods described provide a means of evaluating the likely error resulting from the adoption of the more convenient isotropic sky model.
Comparative Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 Inhibitors

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors collectively comprise a presently unique form of disease management for persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this review is to compare the clinical pharmacokinetics of available DPP-4 inhibitors (alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin and vildagliptin) for the purpose of identifying potential selection preferences according to individual patient variables and co-morbidities.
School and Neighborhood Contexts, Perceptions of Racial Discrimination, and Psychological Well-being Among African American Adolescents

The present study examined contextual influences on the relationship between racial discrimination (individual, cultural, and collective/institutional) and psychological well-being. Two hundred and fifty two African American adolescents (46% male and 54% female, average age = 16) completed measures of racial discrimination, self-esteem, depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. Archival information regarding the racial/ethnic composition of the participants’ neighborhoods and schools was used and increased school diversity was linked to increased perceptions of cultural discrimination. Regardless of school and neighborhood diversity, high perceptions of collective/institutional discrimination were linked to lower self-esteem for students in high diversity settings. Further, high levels of collective/institutional discrimination were associated with lower life satisfaction for African American youth in low diversity settings.
The induction of methaemoglobin by p-aminophenones

Abstract Four aminophenones were administered to dogs. Orally p -aminopropiophenone (PAPP) was the most effective methaemoglobin former, while p -aminoheptanoylphenone (PAHpP) was the least effective, p-Aminovalerylphenone (PAVP) and p -aminohexanoylphenone (PAHP) were of intermediate efficacy. With oral PAPP, PAVP and PAHP there was no clear cut relationship between acyl chain length and the timing of peak mean methaemoglobin levels. When PAPP or PAHP were administered intravenously the latter produced lower and later peak methaemoglobin levels than the former.
Panic disorder: Residual symptoms after the acute attacks abate.

Abstract Patients with a past history of panic disorder who were no longer suffering from acute anxiety attacks were compared to patients who had never experienced anxiety attacks. Patients with past panic attacks had significantly higher anxiety and depression scores on psychological tests, as well as significantly more social phobias and avoidance behavior, than the controls who had never suffered anxiety attacks. Like patients with dysthymic disorder with episodes of superimposed major depression, there appears to be a subgroup of patients who recover from panic disorder, but are left with significant residual symptoms of anxiety, depression, and phobias. More research needs to be focused on the longitudinal course of panic disorder in order to enhance understanding of the relationship among the anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety, social phobia, agoraphobic, and panic disorder) as well as major affective disorder.
Studies on molybdena-alumina catalysts: XII. MoS2 surface coverage from CO2 adsorption

Adsorption of CO2 on a number of sulfided MoAl2O3 catalysts of different Mo contents and Al2O3 supports was made by a pulse technique. Uptakes on the catalysts were lower than on their respective supports, from which the surface coverage of the Al2O3 by the MoS2 phase was determined, since CO2 did not adsorb on MoS2. It was found that supports calcined up to 500 °C and for Mo loadings up to 8%, the MoS2 phase was present as a monomolecular layer. However, supports calcined at higher temperatures showed evidence of multilayers of MoS2. The results are consistent with a model in which the MoS2 clusters are oriented flatwise to the support. The lower coverage found in monolayer catalysts in the sulfide state compared to the oxide state is attributed to contraction of the coverage per Mo atom rather than to formation of multilayers. ESCA results on multilayer oxide catalysts showed qualitative correlation with calculated average numbers of multilayers present.
The Shallow End of Cyberspace

Text immersion is a way to get at information literacy because students learn to use the tools of knowledge management—computers, networks, software, and critical thinking, which they have contextualized through their ordering of raw data into information.
Germ cell apoptosis in rat testis after administration of 1,3-dinitrobenzene.

Abstract The present study investigated the occurrence of apoptosis in rat testis 6, 12, 24, or 48 h after administration of 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB)(25 mg/kg, ip). Apoptotic cells were visualized using TUNEL in situ detection. In untreated control animals, occasional tubules contained a few apoptotic nuclei. After DNB treatment, more tubules were apoptotic and more germ cells within individual tubules were affected. The increase in incidence and severity of apoptosis was statistically significant 24 and 48 h after exposure. Spermatocytes were the primary cell population affected. Apoptosis was primarily present in Stages VI–VIII and IX–XIII. DNA ladders, characteristic of apoptosis, were clearly present by 24 h after DNB administration, faint at 12 h, and not present in the control or at 6 h. Although initiating mechanisms may be very different for different chemicals, apoptosis is a common and late manifestation of the testicular response to numerous toxicants.
Can Wave Packet Revivals Occur in Chaotic Quantum Systems

The short time revivals of initially localized wave packets are well known in simple, closed, 1-degree-of-freedom (1D) systems. In 2D or higher, if the system is integrable or has exclusively periodic dynamics, a generalization is possible. If the dynamics are chaotic, revivals have not been previously seen and are, {ital apriori}, not expected. Nevertheless, we have found that some stretched wave packets in a chaotic system experience, very early, surprisingly large recurrences. We extend a semiclassical theory founded on summing over heteroclinic orbits to determine a set of necessary conditions. The most important one is an Einstein-Brillouin-Keller-like quantization of classical flux crossing the turnstile formed by the stable and unstable manifolds of the initial wave packet{close_quote}s underlying central orbit. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
A reappraisal of a modified through-knee amputation in patients with peripheral vascular disease

Abstract Background: Through-knee amputation provides a longer lever arm and improved muscle control of the limb compared with above-knee amputation. Through-knee amputation also allows use of a total end-bearing prosthesis, which avoids the ischial pressure and suspension belts required of the above-knee amputation prosthesis. Several reports in the European literature tout the superiority of the through-knee amputation over the above-knee amputation in the patient with vascular disease. Through-knee amputation has received little attention in the United States, however, owing to the belief that the long flaps necessary to close a standard through-knee amputation are associated with an unacceptable rate of wound problems and offer no functional ambulatory advantage to above-knee amputation. We reviewed our experience with a modified technique of through-knee amputation in a group of patients with severe lower extremity ischemia who were not candidates for below-knee amputation to determine the incidence of wound complications and their functional outcome. Methods: Since 1996, 12 patients with severe lower extremity arterial insufficiency have undergone through-knee amputation utilizing a technique designed to limit flap length and facilitate the fit of a suction prosthesis. Two patients died of myocardial infarction in the immediate postoperative period and were excluded from the study. In the remaining 10 patients (1 man, 9 women; mean age 63 years (range 40 to 86), the below-knee amputation level was precluded because of gangrene or nonhealing wounds of the mid leg in 5 patients, failure of a previous below-knee amputation attempt in 4 patients, and severe ischemia that would compromise below-knee amputation healing in 1 patient. Nine patients had at least one failed vascular reconstruction procedure. Results: Mean follow-up is 25 months (range 6 to 41). Six (60%) patients had primary healing of their amputations. Two (20%) patients had delayed healing (6 weeks and 8 weeks). Two (20%) patients developed wound infections, which required amputation revision to the above-knee level. Seven (70%) patients were fitted with a suction socket prosthesis and are fully ambulatory. One patient healed but has not ambulated because of ischemia and subsequent ulceration of the contralateral limb. Conclusions: These data show that through-knee amputation is associated with an acceptable primary healing rate (80%) and satisfactory functional outcomes (70% ambulation) in a high-risk vascular population. The functional advantages of through-knee amputation over above-knee amputation make it the preferred alternative for patients with vascular disease.
A framework for modelling web-based applications with resource locking

The performance of web-based applications depends on the interaction among various entities such as web servers, application servers, and databases. One such critical interaction is resource locking that occurs when an application server sends a request to an external server and remains 'locked' until it returns. This increases the effective load on the system and has implications on quality of service. We model a web-based system with resource locking as a queuing network, validate our model and assumptions and compare our results with simulation. Our framework can serve as a building block for developing analytical models of complex web-based applications.
Post-Oligocene tectonic rotation of the Oregon Western Cascade Range and the Klamath Mountains

Paleomagnetic data indicate that the Western Cascade Range from northern California to central Washington has undergone about 27° of clockwise rotation since 25 m.y. B.P. All the available regional paleo-magnetic data fit a two-phase rotation model, the first phase being an Eocene rotation that accompanied the accretion of the Oregon Coast Range to the continent and the second phase being a rotation associated with post–early Miocene extension in the Basin and Range province.
Comparison of microsatellites, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and composite markers derived from SNPs in linkage analysis

There is growing evidence that a map of dense single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can outperform a map of sparse microsatellites for linkage analysis. There is also argument as to whether a clustered SNP map can outperform an evenly spaced SNP map. Using Genetic Analysis Workshop 14 simulated data, we compared for linkage analysis microsatellites, SNPs, and composite markers derived from SNPs. We encoded the composite markers in a two-step approach, in which the maximum identity length contrast method was employed to allow for recombination between loci. A SNP map 2.3 times as dense as a microsatellite map (~2.9 cM compared to ~6.7 cM apart) provided slightly less information content (~0.83 compared to ~0.89). Most inheritance information could be extracted when the SNPs were spaced < 1 cM apart. Comparing the linkage results on using SNPs or composite markers derived from them based on both 3 cM and 0.3 cM resolution maps, we showed that the inter-SNP distance should be kept small (< 1 cM), and that for multipoint linkage analysis the original markers and the derived composite markers had similar power; but for single point linkage analysis the resulting composite markers lead to more power. Considering all factors, such as information content, flexibility of analysis method, map errors, and genotyping errors, a map of clustered SNPs can be an efficient design for a genome-wide linkage scan.
Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, chronic candidiasis, and dental hypoplasia

Abstract The case of a 16-year-old boy with a syndrome of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, and dental hypoplasia has been presented. Enamel hypoplasia was present in teeth which formed before there was evidence of hypocalcemia, and this dental defect, in addition to the candidiasis and photophobia, helped to determine the diagnosis of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. Because of the danger of Candida fungemia and tetany, hospitalization was required for dental extractions under general anesthesia. Elevation of the serum calcium and extraction of the teeth appeared to result in clinical improvement of the oral candidiasis, and the patient has been able to function satisfactorily with full dentures.
Clinical challenges in a patient with dabigatran-induced fatal hemorrhage.

Abstract Objective To report clinical challenges in managing dabigatran-induced bleeding. Methods A 78-year-old woman came to the hospital with severe coagulopathy, respiratory failure, hypotension, and bleeding secondary to dabigatran therapy. At admission, creatinine clearance was 15 mL/min; prothrombin time, 147.5 seconds; activated partial thromboplastin time, >200 seconds; and international normalized ratio, 12.42. Medications taken at home included dabigatran, 150 mg BID. During the hospitalization, multiple blood product transfusions were given, vitamin K and prothrombin complex concentrate were administered, and dialysis was initiated in an attempt to achieve hemostasis. Despite multiple interventions, coagulopathy persisted (prothrombin time, 70.8 seconds; activated partial thromboplastin time, >200 seconds; and international normalized ratio, 6.05), with continued bleeding. On hospital day 5, the patient died. Conclusions According to the Naranjo probability scale, bleeding associated with dabigatran revealed a probable relationship. This fatal case illustrates our concern about the usefulness of currently recommended anticoagulation laboratory tests and of the efficacy of blood transfusion, dialysis, and prothrombin complex concentrate in managing life-threatening bleeding secondary to dabigatran. In addition, clinicians should be cognizant of the renal recommendations for the newer oral anticoagulant agents to prevent potentially catastrophic results.
Budgeting of water distribution improvement projects

This paper presents a linear programming formulation of the resource allocation problem applied to water distribution system rehabilitation and reconstruction. The decision variables are fractions of large bundles of water mains to be rehabilitated or replaced throughout the planning horizon. The model can be used by municipal planners for scheduling capital expenditures related to water distribution system improvement and maintenance and is therefore a major component of a maintenance management system.
Abstract 1414: Lysophosphatidic acid-induced Cyr61 is associated with prostate cancer progression

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a serum phospholipid that has been associated with progression in several types of cancer. Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61) is an extracellular matrix protein involved in the transduction of growth factor and hormone signaling. We have reported that Cyr61 expression in benign prostate cells is regulated by LPA (Endocrinology 2004). Furthermore that Cyr61 expression is significantly up-regulated in prostate cancer (PCa) and that the expression levels correlate with Gleason score (J Urol 2010). The aim of this study was to determine if LPA-induced Cyr61 up-regulation is associated with PCa progression. BPH1 was utilized as a benign prostate cell line and PC3 as a PCa cell line. In real-time PCR of untreated BPH1 and PC3 cells, Cyr61 expression ratios to TBP were 0.5 and 5.1, and these ratios after 2 hours of 1uM LPA under serum-free medium treatment were 1.8 and 44.3, respectively. These results indicated that the Cyr61 expression levels and their increase by LPA stimulation were higher in PCa cells than in benign prostate cells. To examine whether LPA promotes cell invasion, Matrigel invasion assays were performed for 72 hours with or without 1uM of LPA in the lower chamber. LPA stimulation increased the invaded cell number from 0.3±0.5 to 12.6±2.5 (p<0.001) in BPH1 cells and from 31.9±20.9 to 55.2±14.8 (p=0.005) in PC3 cells. These results indicate that LPA promotes cell invasion in both benign prostate and PCa cells. To examine whether LPA-induced Cyr61 is associated with cell invasion, the Cyr61 was knocked down by siRNA in PC3 cells. Invaded cell numbers were changed by 48 hours of LPA stimulation after scramble siRNA from 2.2±1.3 to 12.3±10.2 (p=0.002) and after Cyr61 targeting siRNA from 1.8±2.6 to 2.7±2.7 (p=0.235), respectively, revealing that Cyr61 down-regulation suppresses LPA induced cell invasion. To investigate the association between Cyr61 up-regulation and prostate carcinogenesis, Cyr61 over-expressing BPH1 cells (BPH1-Cyr61) were established and their cell proliferation was compared with vector only transfected BPH1 cells (BPH1-mock) by MTS assays. The cell proliferation ratio of BPH1-mock and BPH1-Cyr61 cells after 48 hours of incubation in serum-free medium was 1.24±0.05 and 1.40±0.02 (p=0.043), respectively, indicating that Cyr61 over-expression promoted cell proliferation of BPH1 in vitro. In conclusion, LPA induced Cyr61 up-regulation was suggested to be associated with PCa progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1414. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1414
Woman with a hand ulcer

A 20-year-old woman presented to the emergency department for evaluation of a wound to left hand (). She admitted having a history of chronic severe headaches requiring daily use of analgesics. She first noted the ulcer approximately 10 months prior to presentation. Her examination was remarkable for a 10-cm by 8-cm ulceration to the dorsum of her left hand with exposed and necrotic metacarpals. Fibrous exudate was present in the wound-bed, and the ulcer was associated with a foul odor. She was afebrile on presentation with a peripheral white blood cell count of 6.4 x109/L, CRP 1.9 mg/dL, and ESR 15 mm/h.
Mix Design for Flowable Fill

The grout-like material called flowable fill has experienced new popularity, particularly the controlled low-strength material variety, which is easily excavated. The properties ordinarily desired of the mix are: (a) flow under gravity; (b) hardening for early walkability and cover; and (c) ultimate strength low enough to allow ready excavation. Flowability of fresh material is evaluated in a simple spread test. Hardening is measured by a mortar penetrometer, and these values are correlated with unconfined compressive strength. It is desirable to keep the ultimate strength to less than 1 035 kPa (150 lbf/in.2); somewhat less target strength is selected for the 28-day value. Mix design is empirical, but the time and expense required may be reduced by following a rational and logical procedure, which is described. The materials emphasized in this paper are Class F coal combustion fly ash and waste sands from greensand ferrous castings.
A study of the background corona near solar minimum

The white light coronagraph data from Skylab is used to investigate the equatorial and polarK andF coronal components during the declining phase of the solar cycle near solar minimum. Measurements of coronal brightness and polarization brightness product between 2.5 and 5.5R⊙ during the period of observation (May 1973 to February 1974) lead to the conclusions that: (1) the equatorial corona is dominated by either streamers or coronal holes seen in projections on the limb approximately 50% and 30% of the time, respectively; (2) despite the domination by streamers and holes, two periods of time were found which were free from the influences of streamers or holes (neither streamers nor holes were within 30° in longitude of the limb); (3) the derived equatorial background density model is less than 15% below the minimum equatorial models of Newkirk (1967) and Saito (1970); (4) a spherically symmetric density model for equatorial coronal holes yields densities one half those of the background density model; and (5) the inferred brightness of theF-corona is constant to within ±10% and ±5% for the equatorial and polar values, respectively, over the observation period. While theF-corona is symmetric at 2R⊙ it begins to show increasing asymmetry beyond this radius such that at 5R⊙ the equatorialF-coronal brightness is 25% greater than the polar brightness.
Field assisted transport of Na+ ions, Ca2+ ions and electrons in commercial soda-lime glass I: Experimental

Abstract When suitable contact electrodes are used, the application of a DC potential to a commercial soda-lime glass causes the Na+ and Ca2+ ions to move toward the cathode. Using Rutherford backscattering, nuclear reaction analysis (for hydrogen profiles) and resonant backscattering (for oxygen profiles), the motion of these ions is quantitatively related to the charge that has passed through the glass. It is demonstrated that in the region depleted of positive ions, the current is carried by electrons, not by O− ions as previously suggested. Continuous recording of the current through the glass versus time shows that, for a fixed voltage, there is a general decrease (proportional to 1 T 1.47 ) in the current with time. However, the current is not always a monotonically decreasing function of time. On the contrary, while there are long periods of time (10 h) where the current varies smoothly with time, these periods are interrupted by shorter periods (a few hours in length) where there are large random fluctuations in the current.
Structure and nucleotide sequence of tomato HMG2 encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase.

The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzymeA reductase (HMGR; EC 1.1.1.34) catalyzes the conversion of hydroxymethylglutarylCoA to mevalonic acid, the proposed rate-limiting step in isoprenoid biosynthesis. HMGR regulation has been widely studied in mammalian systems due to its critical role in cholesterol biosynthesis. Plants utilize a broad array of isoprenoid compounds critical not only for sterol biosynthesis but also for growth and development (gibberellins, abscisic acid, cytokinins, steroids), disease resistance (phytoalexins), photosynthesis (plastiquinone, chlorophyll, carotenoids) and production of specialized isoprenoids associated with insect attraction, fragrance, flavor, feeding deterrents and allelopathy. Genes or cDNA sequences encoding HMGR have been reported for several plant species including Arabidopsis [3, 9], tomato [13], potato [14], radish [7], and Hevea rubber tree [5]. HMGR is encoded by a small multigene family in plants [3, 5, 14, 16] unlike animal systems where a single HMGR has been identified [4, 8, 10]. Genomic Southern analyses suggest that tomato contains at least four HMGR genes (H. Park and C.L. Cramer, unpublished results). We report here the sequence of one of these genes, HMG2. HMG2 mRNA levels are elevated in response to wounding or fungal elicitors suggesting that HMG2 is a defense-related gene ([16], H. Park et al., manuscript in preparation). A tomato genomic library (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. VFNT Cherry DNA in lambda Charon 35) was screened using a 1.75 kb Eco RI fragment of pJR326, encoding the region of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) HMG1 most highly conserved between species [1]. Low-stringency hybridization conditions (30~o formamide, 6 x SSC, 42 °C) were used and several crosshybridizing plaques were isolated. A 7 kb Hind III fragment of one clone was inserted into the Hind III site of vector pSP6/T7 ([ 12], BRL) and designated pTH295. Southern blots of total tomato DNA probed with HMGR-encoding regions of pTH295 (data not shown) indicated that the HMGR gene cloned in pTH295 is distinct from tomato HMG1 identified as a partial cDNA sequence by Narita and Gruissem [13]. Tomato HMG2 nucleotide and derived amino acid se-
The 4-class ranks of quadratic fields

Let K be a quadratic extension field of the rational numbers Q. Let C K be the 2-class group of K in the narrow sense. It is a classical result that rank C K= t l , where t is the number of primes that ramify in K/Q. Now let C~ = {ai: a e CK}, and let R K denote the 4-class rank of K in the narrow sense; i.e., RK= rank ~Kc z = dimv2 ttc'Z/t~41~K/~KJ" Here F 2 is the finite field with two elements, and 2 4 CK/C K is an elementary abelian 2-group which we are viewing as a vector space o v e r F 2. Given a quadratic field K, one can compute R K by computing the rank (over F2) of a certain matrix of Legendre symbols (cf. [11]). Now assume K is imaginary quadratic. So K=Q(1/~mm), where m is a square-free positive integer. For each positive integer t, each nonnegative integer e, and each positive real number x, we define
Calculation of particle concentration around aircraft-like geometries

Abstract A computationally-efficient method is presented to calculate local particle concentration enhancements resulting from potential fluid flow around an idealized aircraft fuselage and wing. The geometries chosen for study are a 10:1 prolate ellipsoid at 0° angle of attack and a Joukowski airfoil at 0° and 5° angles of attack, for which potential flow analytic solutions are known. The collection efficiency of and surface concentration on a cylinder in potential flow are also considered for algorithm verification. Particle concentration is calculated along particle pathlines by a mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian technique developed by Fernandez de la Mora and Rosner (1981, Fernandez de la Mora, J. F. and Rosner, D. E., Physico Chem. Hydro . 2 , 1). Ordinary differential equations for particle position, velocity, and concentration are integrated numerically by a variable order, backward difference algorithm. The calculations show the creation of regions of increased concentration near objects, and of particle-free shadow zones downstream. The magnitudes of the concentration disturbances are greatest at intermediate Stokes numbers (0.1–1.0) where inertia and drag are equally dominant. Samplers placed in these regions of enhanced particle concentration may not provide accurate concentration measurements. Ultimately, this approach could be included with detailed flow solutions about specific aircraft geometries to provide guidance in locating samplers in regions of acceptably small concentration deviations.
Stability of an Axially Accelerating String Subjected to Frictional Guiding-Forces

The dynamic response of an axially translating continuum subjected to the combined effects of a pair of spring supported frictional guides and axial acceleration is investigated; such systems are both non-conservative and gyroscopic. The continuum is modeled as a tensioned string translating between two rigid supports with a time dependent velocity profile. The equations of motion are derived with the extended Hamilton’s principle and discretized in the space domain with the finite element method. The stability of the system is analyzed with the Floquet theory for cases where the transport velocity is a periodic function of time. Direct time integration using an adaptive step Runge-Kutta algorithm is used to verify the results of the Floquet theory. Results are given in the form of time history diagrams and instability point grids for different sets of parameters such as the location of the stationary load, the stiffness of the elastic support, and the values of initial tension. This work showed that presence of friction adversely affects stability, but using non-zero spring stiffness on the guiding force has a stabilizing effect.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Exclusive Lower Extremity Mirror Movements and Diastematomyelia

Mirror movements usually seen in the Klippel-Feil syndrome are most commonly appreciated in the upper extremities. Lower extremity involvement is seen rarely and when observed, is found in conjunction with upper extremity mirror movements. We report what we believe to be the first case of mirror movements found exclusively in the lower extremities in a female patient presenting with tethered cord syndrome. Our hopes are that this report will help elucidate mechanisms involved with these anomalous movements, as currently there is no commonly accepted etiology.
Dosimetric Comparison of 6 MV and 15 MV Single Arc Rapidarc to Helical TomoTherapy for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer

We conducted a planning study to compare Varian's RapidArc (RA) and helical TomoTherapy (HT) for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Three intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans were generated for 8 patients with pancreatic cancer: one using HT with 6-MV beam (Plan{sub HT6}), one using single-arc RA with 6-MV beam (Plan{sub RA6}), and one using single-arc RA with 15-MV beam (Plan{sub RA15}). Dosimetric indices including high/low conformality index (CI{sub 100%}/CI{sub 50%}), heterogeneity index (HI), monitor units (MUs), and doses to organs at risk (OARs) were compared. The mean CI{sub 100%} was statistically equivalent with respect to the 2 treatment techniques, as well as beam energy (0.99, 1.01, and 1.02 for Plan{sub HT6}, Plan{sub RA6}, and Plan{sub RA156,} respectively). The CI{sub 50%} and HI were improved in both RA plans over the HT plan. The RA plans significantly reduced MU (MU{sub RA6} = 697, MU{sub RA15} = 548) compared with HT (MU{sub HT6} = 6177, p = 0.008 in both cases). The mean maximum cord dose was decreased from 29.6 Gy in Plan{sub HT6} to 21.6 Gy (p = 0.05) in Plan{sub RA6} and 21.7 Gy (p = 0.04) in Plan{sub RA15}. The mean bowel dose decreased from 17.2 Gy in Plan{sub HT6}more » to 15.2 Gy (p = 0.03) in Plan{sub RA6} and 15.0 Gy (p = 0.03) Plan{sub RA15}. The mean liver dose decreased from 8.4 Gy in Plan{sub HT6} to 6.3 Gy (p = 0.04) in Plan{sub RA6} and 6.2 Gy in Plan{sub RA15}. Variations of the mean dose to the duodenum, kidneys, and stomach were statistically insignificant. RA and HT can both deliver conformal dose distributions to target volumes while limiting the dose to surrounding OARs in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Dosimetric advantages might be gained by using RA over HT by reducing the dose to OARs and total MUs used for treatment.« less
Skin colorimetry and admixture measurement: some further considerations.

Several techniques for using skin colorimetric data to measure admixture contributions to a hybrid population have been reviewed by Lees and Relethford ('78), who find this general approach to be useful. This paper extends their evaluation, providing a method for obtaining an error term and considering at greater length certain potential sources of estimate bias. Questions are raised about their discussion of the appropriate employment of distance statistics in this context, and an alternative procedure for obtaining a single estimate of admixture proportions jointly over all reflectance measurements is offered. While it is shown that the hybrid reflectance curves do not support entirely an assumption of unlinked loci contributing equally and additively to skin color, preliminary findings indicate that admixture estimates made from these data are apparently unbiased and reasonably efficient.
Analysis of clustered ordinal data with subclusters via a Bayesian hierarchical model

We propose a Bayesian hierarchical model to analyze clustered ordinal data. We describe the method in the context of a clinical trial for examining the efficacy of tretinoin emollient cream in the treatment of photo-aged skin. For each patient there were five ordinal responses (each with 4 ordinal categories) from two locations, four from arms and one from face. Thus the data were nested with two levels: patient level and location level. The Bayesian hierarchical model gives estimates for location-specific treatment effect and credible intervals.
The relationship among six psychosocial domains, age, health care adherence, and metabolic control in adolescents with IDDM.

This pilot study examined the relationship among six psychosocial factors, age, health care compliance, and metabolic control in adolescents with IDDM. Four objectives were identified: 1) to determine whether specific compliance areas predict metabolic control; 2) to detennine whether specific psychosocial factors predict metabolic control; 3) to determine whether compliance and psychosocial issues change with age; and 4) to determine whether the parent or the youth is the more accurate predictor of metabolic corttrol. Twenty-one adolescents age 13 through 18 years participated in this study. Dietary compliance was found to be the best predictor of metabolic control. Parents more accurately predicted metabolic corttrol for youths younger than 16 years old, while the reverse was true for older youths. A negative relationship was identified among strong self-concept, high knowledge of IDDM, parental support, and poor metabolic control. Several possible explanations are discussed, including power strtrggles, coping difficulties, and fear of peer reactions.
Implications of US Securities and Exchange Commission Rule #33‐7380 in the improvement of accounting students’ writing skills

In response to many authoritative and honorary bodies, the accounting profession has recognized the importance of accounting curricula emphasizing written and oral communications skills. Accounting practitioners expect accounting students to master communications skills as accounting curricula become more responsive to changes in the accounting environment. Discusses key provisions of the US Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) recent Rule #33‐7380 that requires registrants to use “plain English” to prepare a prospectus’s cover page, summary and risk factor sections in filing with the SEC. The rule specifies six principles of clear writing and provides a handbook for use in preparing prospectuses. Accounting professors should consider adopting the suggestions of this SEC rule as a basis for improving their students’ writing skills.
Cigarette Smoking and Nonunion after Ankle Arthrodesis

The relative risk of nonunion in smokers versus nonsmokers after ankle arthrodesis was determined in a case control study. Twenty-two patients were matched to 22 controls by age, sex, surgeon, surgical technique, and preoperative diagnosis. Information on duration, amount, and past history of smoking was obtained for these 44 patients. Ten of the patients were actively smoking at the time of surgery compared with four of the controls. Six of the patients had no history of smoking and six had stopped smoking before surgery. Eleven of the controls had no history of cigarette smoking and 7 had stopped smoking before surgery. The relative risk of nonunion was increased 3.75 times for active smokers. When patients did not have any known risk factors for nonunion, the risk of nonunion for smokers was 16 times the risk of nonunion for nonsmokers.
Cardiac applications of EPR imaging

This review summarizes the development and application of a variety of EPR imaging modalities including spatial, spectral–spatial (spectroscopic), gated-imaging and oxygen mapping to cardiovascular studies. It has been hypothesized that free radical metabolism, oxygenation and nitric oxide generation in biological organs such as the heart may vary over the spatially defined tissue structure. We have developed instrumentation optimized for 3D spatial and 3D or 4D spectral–spatial imaging of free radicals at 1.2 GHz. Using this instrumentation high quality 3D spectral–spatial imaging of nitroxyl (nitroxide) metabolism was performed, as well as spatially localized measurements of oxygen concentrations, based on the oxygen-dependent line-broadening of the EPR spectrum. Both exogenously infused probes and endogenous radicals were used to obtain the images. It is demonstrated that the EPR imaging is a powerful tool which can provide unique information regarding the spatial localization of free radicals, oxygen and nitric oxide in biological organs and tissues. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The secretory activity of the duodenum in chickens

Abstract 1. 1. In acute experiments on chickens the duodenal Lieberkuhn's glands display sponteneous secretion. The juice is iso-osmotic and slightly acidic. Amylase, sucrase and proteinase are consistently present; no lipase couldl be detected. 2. 2. This secretory activity is enhanced by duodenal distension, pilocarpine, Mecholyl, electrical vagal stimulation, secretin, small intestinal mucosal extract and not altered by histamine and insulin-induced vagal stimulation. 3. 3. Duodenal mucus secretion does not parallel the duodenal juice secretion. 4. 4. The gizzar-proventriculus juice is hypotonic and strongly acidci. The secretory activity is increased by cholinergic stimulation and histamine and inhibited by duodenal distension.
Nasolacrimal duct obstruction secondary to dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.

Abstract Objective To describe a patient wtih dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans causing a nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). Design Case report. Participant A 33-year-old female with an NLDO. Results We report a patient with NLDO as the presenting sign of a rare tumor of the skin, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. The patient presented with epiphora, and after dacryocystorhinostomy was done, histopathology revealed dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. The clinical course, magnetic resonance imaging, and histopathology are discussed. Conclusion Obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system can be seen with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
Generating functional for gauge-invariant Green's functions

Abstract A generating functional to be used for calculating gauge-invariant Green's functions of a non-Abelian gauge theory is constructed in terms of an unconstrained external current. This functional is a singular distribution and so must be treated as the limit of a well-defined functional, one particular choice of which is that for a massive gauge theory as the mass goes to zero. It is suggested that the gauge-invariant Green's functions so obtained may be smooth in this limit.
Body Dissatisfaction: Commitment, Support, and Trust in Romantic Relationships

Research investigating dimensions of relationship quality has suggested that aspects of relationship quality (e.g., commitment, support, trust) are related to lower levels of body dissatisfaction in women. However no studies have examined the effect of all three measures of relationship quality on body dissatisfaction simultaneously. Trust and support correlated with body dissatisfaction in men and women. Additionally, the results showed that lack of support is a predictor of body dissatisfaction in men and lack of trust is a predictor in women; relationship commitment did not appear to relate to body dissatisfaction.
The Protreptic Power of Early Christian Language: From John To Augustine*

L'A. analyse des textes qui montrent que le christianisme primitif utilise un langage qui vise a persuader les individus de rejoindre le christianisme. L'echec ponctuel de cette strategie persuasive est illustre par les reponses de quelques critiques hellenistiques. Les categories de l'ancienne rhetorique servent de cadre analytique pour illustrer cette fonction persuasive du discours chretien
Dual-frequency cholesteric liquid crystal reflective display

We developed a bistable cholesteric reflective display using a dual frequency cholesteric liquid crystal. When a high frequency voltage is applied to the matrices, it exhibits a negative dielectric anisotropy and is switched to the planar texture which is Bragg reflecting. When a low frequency voltage is applied to the materials, it exhibits a positive dielectric anisotropy and is switched to the focal conic texture which is weakly scattering. Both the planar texture and the focal conic texture are stable at zero field, and therefore the material can be used to make multiplexed displays with passive matrix. This new display can be directly switched between the planar texture and the focal conic texture, and therefore is suitable for displaying dynamic images.
On a trigonometrical sum

Abstract We give an evaluation of a trigonometrical sum which plays a key role in a proof by H. Minc of a conjecture of R.F. Scott.
Monometallic and dimetallic ruthenium(II)-terpyridine complexes employing the tetradentate ligands dipyridylpyrazolyl, dipyridyloxadiazole, and their dimethyl derivatives.

The tetradentate ligands, 2,2‘-(1H-pyrazole-3,5-diyl)bis(4-methylpyridine) (4,4‘-Me2dppzH), 2,2‘-(1H-pyrazole-3,5-diyl)bis(6-methylpyridine) (6,6‘-Me2dppzH), 3,5-di(pyrid-2-yl)pyrazole (dppzH), and dipyridyloxadiazole (dpo) react with either Ru(trpy)Cl3 or trans-Ru(trpy)Cl2(NCCH3), where trpy is 2,2‘,2‘ ‘-terpyridine, to form a variety of Ru(II) complexes. Among these are the symmetrical chloro-bridged Ru(II) dimer and the “in” and “out” geometric isomers of the monometallic Ru(II) containing species where “in” and “out” refer to the orientation of the Ru−Cl vector relative to the centroid of the ligand backbone. Thirteen complexes were prepared and painstakingly purified by careful recrystallization and/or exhaustive column chromatography. These complexes were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, electronic absorption, and infrared spectroscopy. Additionally, [Ru2(trpy)2(6,6‘-Me2dppz)μ-Cl](BF4)2 (3b(BF4)2), [Ru2(trpy)2(4,4‘-Me2dppz)μ-Cl](PF6)2·0.5MeOH (3c), [Ru2(trpy)2(6,6‘-Me2dppz)(CH2C(O)CH3)](PF6)2· 0.5(C...
Yang-Lee Edge Singularity and ϕ 3 Field Theory

The edge of the gap in the distribution of Yang-Lee zeros at $H=i{H}_{0}(T)$ on the imaginary magnetic field axis in ferromagnets above ${T}_{c}$ is essentially a critical point. In terms of the edge exponents $\ensuremath{\delta}$ and $\ensuremath{\eta}$, the density of zeros obeys $\mathcal{G}({H}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}})\ensuremath{\sim}{[{H}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{-}{H}_{0}(T)]}^{\ensuremath{\sigma}}$, with $\ensuremath{\sigma}=\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\delta}}=\frac{(d\ensuremath{-}2+\ensuremath{\eta})}{({d}_{2}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\eta})}$. Classical behavior ($\ensuremath{\sigma}=\frac{1}{2}$) occurs for $dg{d}^{\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}}=6$. The appropriate field-theoretic renormalization group entails a $w{\ensuremath{\phi}}^{3}$ coupling and, with $\ensuremath{\epsilon}=6\ensuremath{-}dg~0$, yields $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\approx}\ensuremath{-}\frac{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}{9}$ for all $nl\ensuremath{\infty}$. This correlates well with refined series estimates for $d=2$ and $d=3$ and with exact results for $d=1$ ($\ensuremath{\eta}=\ensuremath{-}1$).
Amplification of pionic instabilities in high-energy collisions?

Considering a variety of dynamical scenarios within the linear {sigma} model, we examine the conditions for pionic modes to be amplified as the chiral field relaxes towards the normal vacuum following the transient restoration of approximate chiral symmetry in a high-energy collision. While Bjorken-type longitudinal expansions appear to be insufficient for amplification for occur, analogous expansions in two or three dimensions may enhance the low-energy power spectrum by up to an order of magnitude. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
A film bulk acoustic resonator in liquid environments

A highly sensitive film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) mass sensor in liquid environments is described in this paper. A transmission line model is used to theoretically predict the dependence of the FBAR's resonant frequency on added mass. FBAR performance in a liquid environment is experimentally characterized for the first time and the effects of the liquid nature and conductivity on the FBAR series and parallel resonant frequencies are investigated. A TiO2-coated FBAR is developed for sensitive mass sensing of metal ions in a liquid environment.
Ionic Liquids: Past, present and future

An overview of the field of low-melting ionic liquids is given from its inception in 1886 through to the present time. The subject is divided into an introductory section that summarizes the early history of the field, and differentiates its sub-sections, before addressing matters judged of some interest in “pre-surge” and “post-surge” stages of its development, focusing on physicochemical as opposed to the prolific synthetic and industrial aspects in which the author has no competence. We give a final section specifically to protic ionic liquids, which we consider to have particular scientific potential.