cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Symbiotic Fusion Through Single-Crystal Li6D

A symbiotic fusion scheme is introduced. In the first phase of the process, a low-density current of deuterons propagates in a circular tunnel in the interior of a block of single-crystal Li6D with cubic crystal structure. Energy of the deuterons is limited by the condition that they not be neutralized by collisions with the tunnel wall. Deuteron current is driven through a rapidly rising magnetic field normal to the plane of the loop. Because of the coupling of the beam to the periodic array of molecules in the host, the beam goes into extended states. At the critical temperature (Tc ≈ 9.07 K) it becomes superconducting and with sufficient wave function overlap in this phase, it is proposed that fusion takes place. A superconducting product wave function is given by Gaussian space components and spin-1 functions polarized in the direction of the applied magnetic field. The Landau—Ginzberg equation is employed to calculate the coherence length for this process which is found to be of the order of the spread of the Gaussian per period of the wave function. This value of coherence length is consistent with significant wavefunction overlap. In the second phase, for a cubic fuel sample of edge length 15 cm, emitted particles interact with the host nuclei in a chain reaction. Assuming a probability of 0.01 that deuterons in the superconducting loop fuse, in 1 ms the device produces a yield ≈ 0.2 GJ. Injection and magnetic rise-time intervals are described and the interval over which the beam goessimultaneously to a superconducting phase from an extended state that fills the current tube. A model is described for this process that gives a criterion for the onset of fusion. A study of deuteron interaction in the superconducting state leads to a requirement for the tensile strength of the tunnel material. Another study derives the property that the Coulomb singularity between deuterons is reduced in the superconducting phase.
Effects of Heredity and Environment on Brain Chemistry, Brain Anatomy, and Learning Ability in the Rat1

Why does a researcher in animal behavior and physiology presume to address a group interested in mental retardation? In my own case, at least, it is certainly not because I bring solutions to the problems in this field. Rather it is because I believe that only a broad attack on understanding of the physiology of learning will eventually provide knowledge applicable to many questions about learning, including those of mental retardation. Believing this, I would like to tell you about some research underway on the physiology of learning, while cautioning you against expecting early applications to mental retardation. Although this research was not undertaken with retardation in mind, I am happy to be able to describe it here, and I look forward to your comments and reactions.
Heart Rate (HR) and Oxygen Consumption (VO2) Changes After Inhaled Ozone (O3) and Particulate Matter (PM) in Two Mouse Strains

O3 is a principal pollutant that coexists with PM in urban ambient air. Studies associate O3 and PM exposure with adverse health effects; however the mechanisms of action remain unclear. We implant...
Nonadherence to Geriatric-Focused Practices in Older Intensive Care Unit Survivors.

BACKGROUND Older adults account for more than half of all admissions to intensive care units; most remain alive at 1 year, but with long-term sequelae. OBJECTIVE To explore geriatric-focused practices and associated outcomes in older intensive care survivors. METHODS In a 1-year, retrospective, cohort study of patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit and subsequently transferred to the medicine service, adherence to geriatric-focused practices and associated clinical outcomes during intensive care were determined. RESULTS A total of 179 patients (mean age, 80.5 years) met inclusion criteria. Nonadherence to geriatric-focused practices, including nothing by mouth (P = .004), exposure to benzodiazepines (P = .007), and use of restraints (P < .001), were associated with longer stay in the intensive care unit. Nothing by mouth (P = .002) and restraint use (P = .003) were significantly associated with longer hospital stays. Bladder catheters were associated with hospital-acquired pressure injuries (odds ratio, 8.9; 95% CI, 1.2-67.9) and discharge to rehabilitation (odds ratio, 8.9; 95% CI, 1.2-67.9). Nothing by mouth (odds ratio, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.2-8.0) and restraints (odds ratio, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.4-5.8) were also associated with an increase in 30-day readmission. Although 95% of the patients were assessed at least once by using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (overall 2334 assessments documented), only 3.4% had an assessment that indicated delirium; 54.6% of these assessments were inaccurate. CONCLUSION Although initiatives have increased awareness of the challenges, implementation of geriatric-focused practices in intensive care is inconsistent.
Predicting the risk of acute care readmissions among rehabilitation inpatients: A machine learning approach

Abstract Introduction Readmission from inpatient rehabilitation facilities to acute care hospitals is a serious problem. This study aims to develop a predictive model based on machine learning algorithms to identify patients at high risk of readmission. Methods A retrospective dataset (2001–2017) including 16,902 patients admitted into a large inpatient rehabilitation facility in North Carolina was collected in 2017. Three types of machine learning models with different predictors were compared in 2018. The model with the highest c-statistic was selected as the best model and further tested by using five sets of training and validation data with different split time. The optimum threshold for classification was identified. Results The logistic regression model with only functional independence measures has the highest validation c-statistic at 0.852. Using this model to predict the recent 5 years acute care readmissions yielded high discriminative ability (c-statistics: 0.841–0.869). Larger training data yielded better performance on the test data. The default cutoff (0.5) resulted in high specificity (>0.997) but low sensitivity ( Conclusions This study demonstrates that functional independence measures can be analyzed by using machine learning algorithms to predict acute care readmissions, thus improving the effectiveness of preventive medicine.
ANIMAL MODELS OF DRUG-INDUCED LIVER INJURY

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) presents unique challenges for consumers, clinicians, and regulators. It is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the US. It is also one of the most common reasons for termination of new drugs during pre-clinical testing and withdrawal of new drugs post-marketing. DILI is generally divided into two forms: intrinsic and idiosyncratic. Many of the challenges with DILI are due in large part to poor understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Although useful models of intrinsic DILI are available, they are frequently misused. Modeling idiosyncratic DILI presents greater challenges, but promising new models have recently been developed. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a critical review of the most popular animal models of DILI, and to discuss the future of DILI research.
Reasoning About Reference Behavior with RESOLVE

As an alternative to reasoning about references explicitly and ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes Page 18 July 2018 Volume 43 Number 3 routinely as needed for Java-like programs, this paper summarizes the RESOLVE approach in reasoning via reference-hiding data abstractions for the majority of programs and only reasoning about references when they are unavoidable. Furthermore, this paper raises discussion topics for reasoning about various implementation classifications and to explore when there is a need to be concerned about establishing the frame property
Optimizing resilience in orofacial pain: a randomized controlled pilot study on hope.

Introduction Over recent years, there has been growing interest in the role of positive, psychological resources that promote resilience and optimal functioning in chronic pain. Although multiple factors comprise resilience, hope is a strength-based motivational state known to contribute to positive psychosocial adjustment and adaptive pain coping. Emerging evidence supports the viability of therapeutic approaches that foster resilience; however, interventions designed to target hope in the context of pain have been remarkably understudied. Objectives The objectives of this pilot study were to test the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a resilience-oriented hope intervention for clinical pain, as well as psychosocial outcomes and experimental pain sensitivity in individuals with orofacial pain. Methods Twenty-nine participants with temporomandibular disorder were randomized to a 3-session intervention intended to increase hope or a control intervention (EDU) involving education about pain and stress. Before and after the intervention, participants attended 2 laboratory sessions whereby they completed psychosocial questionnaires and sensitivity to heat, cold, and pressure pain was assessed. Hope was measured using the Adult State Hope Scale. Results Compared with EDU, the Hope group exhibited an increase in state hope, lower heat pain sensitivity, higher pressure pain thresholds at the temporomandibular joint, and reductions in pain catastrophizing. Conclusion Although preliminary, results suggest that a resilience-based hope intervention may be beneficial in reducing pain sensitivity and catastrophizing and could serve as a target for pain management.
The Background of the Term ‘Son of Man’ in Light of Recent Research:

This article examines the philological and tradition-historical background of the Son of Man phrase and the mythological figure that it describes in light of recent research. While many studies for...
The role of psychological inflexibility and self-compassion in acceptance and commitment therapy for clinical perfectionism

Abstract The current study examined psychological inflexibility and self-compassion as theoretically relevant mediators and moderators of outcomes following acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for clinical perfectionism. Fifty-three participants with clinical perfectionism were randomized to either a 10-session ACT condition or a 14-week waitlist control condition (only 39 completed the posttreatment assessment). Outcomes tested include concern over mistakes, doubting of actions, personal standards, quality of life, symptom distress and functional impairment, and valued action. Multilevel modeling analyses showed reduced psychological inflexibility mediated the relationship between condition and higher quality of life and increased self-compassion mediated the relationship between condition and decreased concern over mistakes. No other mediation effects were observed. In addition, baseline psychological inflexibility differentially moderated outcomes depending on outcome tested; for example, lower baseline inflexibility predicted more improvement in quality of life whereas higher baseline inflexibility predicted more improvement in symptom distress and functional impairment. Participants with average baseline self-compassion tended to benefit the most from ACT. These findings clarify how psychological inflexibility and self-compassion influence outcomes following ACT for clinical perfectionism. Theoretical and clinical implications of ACT for clinical perfectionism are discussed.
Threats to Marsh Resources and Mitigation

Salt marshes inhabit low-energy, intertidal shorelines worldwide and are among the most abundant and productive coastal ecosystems. Salt-marsh ecosystems provide a wide array of benefits to coastal populations, including shoreline protection, fishery support, water quality improvement, wildlife habitat provision, and carbon sequestration. Historically, the major threat to salt marshes was filling for agricultural fields or urban construction, which continues as coastlines develop today. In recognition of salt-marsh value and loss, more recent wetland management and conservation policies in many countries have led to the protection and restoration of salt-marsh habitats; however, salt-marsh area and condition continue to decline globally. Currently, the major threats to salt-marsh resources include climate-change effects, pollution, land use change, and invasive species. In this chapter, we review our current state of knowledge regarding the risks to salt marshes from these threats, their effects on ecosystem services, and restoration and management measures designed to protect salt marshes.
Community Clusters or the Cloud: Continuing cost assessment of on-premises and cloud HPC in Higher Education

Understanding total cost of ownership (TCO) for HPC systems on a site-specific range of applications is a critical component of any RFP or capacity plan at research computing centers. With the increasing industry use of the HPC in the cloud, understanding and comparing costs of on-premises HPC resources and cloud-based options is more important than ever. In this paper we present methods to determine site-specific applications mix, calculating TCO for on-premises and cloud HPC resources, and the comparison of the two. Additionally we present a cost-analysis of Purdue's Community Cluster program with current cloud offerings.
Household economic hardship as a moderator of the associations between maternal spanking and child externalizing behavior problems.

Abstract Background Spanking is associated with detrimental outcomes for young children. Research shows that spanking is more commonly used in low-income households. Objective To examine whether economic hardship, measured by household income-to-poverty ratio at the time of the child’s birth, moderated the longitudinal associations between maternal spanking and child externalizing behavior problems during the first nine years of childhood. Participants and setting Mother-child pairs (N = 4,149) from a cohort study of urban families in 20 US cities. Methods Cross-lagged path models examined associations between maternal spanking and externalizing behavior when children were between the ages of 1 and 9. Multigroup analyses examined whether income-to-poverty ratio moderated these associations. Results Bivariate analyses showed that income-to-poverty ratio was associated with child externalizing behavior problems at each time point; income-to-poverty ratio was associated with maternal spanking at age 3 only. Longitudinal path model results indicated that, for low- and middle-income groups, maternal spanking at each age had significant associations with child externalizing behavior at each subsequent age. For the high-income group, maternal spanking at age 1 and age 3 had significant associations with child externalizing behavior at each subsequent age; however, spanking at age 5 was not associated with child externalizing behavior at age 9. Conclusions Spanking is disadvantageous for children at all income levels, with more persistent effects in low- and middle-income families. For higher-income families, the associations of maternal spanking with child externalizing behavior problems may be attenuated as child age increases. Regardless of income level, parents should be advised against spanking.
Hypothalamic dopamine neurons control sensorimotor behavior by modulating brainstem premotor nuclei

Dopamine (DA)-producing neurons are critically involved in the production of motor behaviors in multiple circuits that are conserved from basal vertebrates to mammals. While there is increasing evidence that DA neurons in the hypothalamus play a locomotor role, their precise contributions to behavior and the circuit mechanisms by which they are achieved remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that tyrosine hydroxylase 2-expressing (th2+) DA neurons in the zebrafish hypothalamus fire phasic bursts of activity to acutely promote swimming and modulate audiomotor behaviors on fast timescales. Their anatomy and physiology reveal two distinct functional DA modules within the hypothalamus. The first comprises an interconnected set of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting DA nuclei surrounding the third ventricle, which lack distal projections outside of the hypothalamus and influence locomotion through unknown means. The second includes neurons in the preoptic nucleus, which send long-range projections to targets throughout the brain, including the mid- and hindbrain, where they activate premotor circuits involved in swimming and sensorimotor integration. These data suggest a broad regulation of motor behavior by DA neurons within multiple hypothalamic nuclei and elucidate a novel functional mechanism for the preoptic DA neurons in the initiation of movement.
A tool to measure work adjustment in the post-pandemic economy: The Illinois work adjustment scale

OBJECTIVE: This article introduces the Illinois Work Adjustment Scale (IWAS) and sets out to confirm the internal validity of the IWAS as well as determine if there are meaningful dimensions among the items of the IWAS that can be further defined as instrument subscales METHODS: In order to meet these objectives, a survey of 738 individuals, all of whom self-reported as having disabilities, was conducted online RESULTS: As a result of this survey and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, the IWAS was reduced from a 26-question scale to an 18-question scale consisting of two meaningful subscales, Work Context and Work Capacity Significant and meaningful correlations between the two subscales indicate that Work Context and Work Capacity are related to the broader concept of work adjustment and assess unique aspects of work CONCLUSION: The IWAS has the potential to be applied to facilitate positive career development and vocational rehabilitation outcomes for people with disabilities and chronic health conditions This is of greater importance now as the COVID-19 crisis has significantly impacted the economy and workforce, leaving those with the greatest barriers to employment such as individuals with disabilities and chronic health conditions further marginalized and disconnected from work © 2021 - IOS Press All rights reserved
Conferring Kinship: Examining Fictive Kinship Status in a Black Adolescent’s Natural Mentoring Relationship:

This case study examined the way an adolescent Black boy extended his kinship network as a part of navigating and demonstrating agency in mentoring relationships with nonparental adults. We purposi...
The effect of the orthopaedic trauma association's (OTA) pain management guidelines on opioid prescriptions, pain control, and refills in outpatient orthopaedic trauma surgery.

To determine the effect of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) pain management guidelines for acute musculoskeletal injuries on opioid prescription sizes, pain control, and refills. A prospective cohort study was performed at an academic urban level 1 trauma center. 90 patients undergoing outpatient orthopaedic trauma surgery were enrolled before and after the implementation of the OTA pain management guidelines. Adherence to guidelines, pain visual analog scale, and refills were recorded postoperatively and at the 2- and 6-week follow-up visit. After implementation of the guidelines, the number of patients receiving oxycodone decreased from 100 to 27%, with these patients receiving the less potent hydrocodone, instead. The discharge morphine equivalent dose (MED) decreased from a median (interquartile range) of 225 (169–300) to 140 mg (140–210) (p < 0.001). More patients required refills in the guidelines group (42% vs. 20%), resulting in no difference in total MED prescribed (210 (140–280) vs. 225 (169–307)). Adherence to the guidelines occurred in 66% of patients. As-treated analysis of patients with adherent and non-adherent prescriptions found no detectable difference in pain control, number of opioid pills used, or refills at the 2-week and 6-week follow-up. In the midst of a national opioid crisis, adoption of the OTA’s pain management guidelines for orthopaedic trauma surgery warrants further research to determine if it’s implementation can reduce the size, variability, and duration of opioid prescriptions. Level II, prospective cohort.
In situ TEM Study of Size Dependence on Radiation-Induced Amorphization and Recrystallization of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles

Hydroxyapatite, Ca10(PO4) 6(OH)2, is considered as an important apatite-type material for the incorporation and disposal of actinides and fission products. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with different size ranging from 20 nm to 280 nm were synthesized via calcining the bovine bones under different temperatures and durations. The samples are irradiated with 1 MeV Kr2+ ions and 200 keV electrons to study the displacive and ionizing effects on the irradiation behaviors. In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation shows hydroxyapatite nanoparticles can be amorphized by 1 MeV Kr2+ ions and the previously amorphized samples experience a rapid ionizing-radiation-induced recrystallization upon 200 keV electrons irradiation. A strong size dependence on the displacive irradiation-induced amorphization and ionizing irradiation-induced recrystallization are observed. Under ion irradiation, a lower critical temperature T c is observed for a larger sized sample, indicating enhanced amorphization tolerance. This result indicates excess surface energy as a result of larger surface area resulting from the reduced size, may lower the energy barrier between the crystalline phase and amorphous state, degrading the radiation tolerance. Whereas under electron irradiation, the recrystallization fluences decrease with the reduction of particle size since a higher density of dangling bonds exist in a smaller sized hydroxyapatite. These unstable bonds are relatively easy to break and reforming under ionizing electron irradiation, which drives the recrystallization process.
Playful learning in early childhood

The 2012 Chicago Area Study surveyed 229 center directors in 33 ZIP Codes on the West and North sides of Chicago. All centers and preschools that served three- and four-year-old in these ZIP Codes were eligible, except those located in the public schools. Eligible settings included preschools in churches, private schools, and community organizations as well as preschool programs and full-day care in standalone childcare centers. Fully 70% of eligible directors participated in the study. For simplicity we refer to all participants as “centers.” We prepared a set of initial research briefs to disseminate basic study findings. Each of these briefs describes a set of data collected in the survey for the sample as a whole and across five types of ZIP Codes. The five ZIP Code types allow us to provide a basic portrait of differences in center characteristics depending on the race-ethnicity and income of the community. The five types of ZIP Codes are: (1) mixed race, low income, (2) majority non-Hispanic Black, low income, (3) majority Hispanic, low income, (4) majority non-Hispanic White, middle income, and (5) majority non-Hispanic White, high income. The cutoffs between low/middle and between middle/high income are $48,500 and $70,000 respectively (about two and three times the federal poverty line for a family of four in 2011). We define a location as being a majority of one race-ethnicity if the ZIP Code is comprised of at least 50% of that racial/ethnic group (see CAS 2012 Research Brief #1 for additional details). The Chicago Area Study collects survey data on life in the Chicago metropolitan area. Its purpose is to collect original social science data that inform policymaking and social science theory, provide hands-on methods training to students in survey research methods, and fund faculty research on pressing issues in the metro area. The overarching goal of the 2012 Chicago Area Study was to reveal how early childhood programs were coping with the “great recession” and how this economic crisis may be widening disparities in access to early childhood programs. The study also examined four central themes: (1) disparities in access to and utilization of childcare, (2) providers’ knowledge, experience, and attitudes toward state and local programs and policies, (3) providers’ knowledge of and relationships with other childcare providers and other service providers in the community, and (4) how providers perceived professional definitions of childcare quality and alternative cultural definitions of childcare quality.
Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Older Adults with Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Meta-Analysis

Objectives This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on psychological symptoms, cognitive functions, and quality of life in older adults with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods A comprehensive search was conducted within four databases to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Depending on I2 statistic values, either a random effects model or fixed effects model was used. Results 10 RCTs published in 11 articles met the eligibility criteria. The present meta-analysis study found no significant effect of MBIs on depressive symptoms, anxiety, quality of life, memory, and overall cognitive functions compared to control groups. Conclusions Future high-quality studies involving different types of MBIs are needed to better understand the effects of MBIs on psychological symptoms, quality of life, and cognitive functions in older adults with MCI and dementia and examine effective intervention features. Clinical implications There is insufficient evidence to determine whether or not practitioners should be routinely providing MBIs to older adults with MCI and dementia due to the lack of studies currently.
Assessing Individual Differences in Coping Mechanisms during the COVID-19 Pandemic

As the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to be a global public health emergency, many individuals are facing mental health issues due to the many challenges that accompany this pandemic. Previous studies report that many people around the world are experiencing high levels of stress and therefore struggling to manage their emotions and mental well-being. While there are numerous different factors that influence how an individual may be dealing with the pandemic related stressors, one factor that does seem to influence their stress level is their coping mechanisms. In this study, we aim to understand people's perceived stress level during the COVID-19 pandemic, their coping mechanisms, and whether these constructs were influenced by their personality and other individual differences. To investigate these questions, we conducted an online survey in the summer of 2020 where study participants were asked to report on their mental well-being. Study results obtained from statistical models, including Pearson Correlation Test, Regression models, and Random Forest model, show that there is a significant difference between individuals’ stress level and their coping mechanisms. In addition, we found that individuals’ personality traits seem to influence their stress level as well as what type of coping mechanism they may be using during the pandemic. These findings can provide awareness to individuals as well as for public and mental health professionals who may be working or providing support to different populations during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Digital Particle Image Velocimetry

Development of aerospace airframes and propulsion systems depends on the accurate simulation of these components in their normal operating environment. Measurement of velocity fields is of critical importance in these aerodynamic studies in order to both verify the external flow field and also to determine the performance of these components/systems in the flow field. Quantitative flow field measurements were initially obtained in aerodynamic studies using Pitot static probes, which were suitable for measuring the time-average or low frequency response flow field properties at a single point in the flow.1 Hot wire anemometry proved to be a significant improvement over pitot probes by providing high frequency response velocity measurements.1 Adding more wires enabled multi-component flow measurements. By their design, hot wires are very fragile and easily damaged by foreign objects or particles in the flow. While able to provide continuous records of flow fluctuations, hot wire anemometers only perform reliably in low turbulence flows. Similar to pitot probes, hot wire anemometers were invasive and disturbed the flow field under study. The first non-invasive point velocity measurement technique was Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV), which used a crossed pair of laser beams to measure the velocity of seed particles entrained in the flow.1
A New Individuation: Deleuze’s Simondon Connection

The French philosopher Gilles Deleuze (1925-1995) wrote monographs on the philosophers whose work greatly influenced his own, with one glaring exception: he did not write one on his contemporary Gilbert Simondon (1924-1989). Simondon is cited only a few times in the Deleuzean corpus yet his influence is everywhere, from ideas concerning the virtual to the concept of individuation. The following paper provides a much needed survey of Simondon’s influence on Deleuze in two steps. First, I show how Simondon’s ontology emerged from a rethinking of Aristotle’s theory of substance (hylomorphism). Second, I elaborate on the few passages where Deleuze explicitly appropriates this new ontology, particularly Simondon’s concept of individuation. In this way, I show how Simondon foresaw our new modes of existence and argued for a new philosophy for them well before any of his contemporaries (Deleuze included) in a way that carries great import for philosophies of information and communication.
Autonomic nerve function in adults with cyclic vomiting syndrome: a prospective study

Background Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder that is characterized by recurrent episodes of intense vomiting. There are several postulated mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis and one potential explanation for this disorder may be linked to autonomic dysfunction. The aim of our study was to evaluate autonomic nerve function in patients with CVS prospectively. Methods We tested the sympathetic nervous system through postural changes in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure and the thermoregulatory sweat test. The parasympathetic nervous system was tested through the HR response to deep breathing (R-R variability on EKG). Key Results A total of 20 patients who met Rome III criteria for CVS, 14 (70%) women and 6 (30%) men, and 20 controls were enrolled in the study. A total of 17 (85%) CVS subjects and 2 (10%) controls had abnormalities on thermoregulatory sweat testing (P 30 on standing. Of the subjects, 18 (90%) had either abnormal sudomotor function or postural tachycardia or both. The HR response to deep breathing was normal in 19 (95%) subjects with CVS and 18 (95%) controls. Conclusions & Inferences The results of this study suggest that the majority of subjects (90%) with CVS have impairment of the sympathetic nervous system with postural tachycardia and/or sudomotor dysfunction while parasympathetic nerve function appears to be intact. These findings of dysautonomia in CVS have implications in both the diagnosis and treatment of these patients.
Between System and Poetics: William Desmond and Philosophy After Dialectic

(2010). Between System and Poetics: William Desmond and Philosophy After Dialectic. Ars Disputandi: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 132-133.
Regulation and Actions of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone

The sections in this article are: 1 Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Expression 2 Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors 3 Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-Binding Protein 4 Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-Like Molecules 5 Regulation of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Expression 5.1 Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Gene Structure 5.2 Intracellular Second Messengers That Regulate Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Gene Expression 5.3 Extracellular Ligands That Regulate Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Expression and Release 6 Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis 6.1 Role of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone in Stimulating Corticotropin Synthesis and Release 6.2 Other Corticotropin-Releasing Factors 6.3 Role of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone in Circadian Rhythm Generation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis 6.4 Role of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone in Fetal Development 7 Role of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone in Responses to Physiological and Psychological Stressors 7.1 Acute Stressors 7.2 Chronic Stressors 8 Role of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone in Regulating Other Neuroendocrine Functions 8.1 Behavior 8.2 Appetite 8.3 Reproduction 8.4 Autonomic Function 9 Conclusion
Renal hypertension secondary to ureteropelvic junction obstruction

We recently have treated an infant with a ureteropelvic junction obstruction believed to be the first reported case of nonrenovascular renal hypertension presenting as a cerebrovascular accident. A new role for the percutaneous nephrostomy as a predictive, diagnostic, and therapeutic tool is illustrated. Pitfalls in the preoperative assessment of ureteropelvic junction obstructions are discussed, and possible mechanisms for reno-prival hypertension are suggested.
Design of a 7 Degree-of-Freedom Upper-Limb Powered Exoskeleton

The exoskeleton is an external structural mechanism with joints and links corresponding to those of the human body. Worn by the human, the exoskeleton transmits torques from proximally located actuators through rigid exoskeletal links to the human joints. This paper presents the development of an anthropometric seven degree-of-freedom powered exoskeleton for the upper limb. The design was based on a database defining the kinematics and dynamics of the upper limb during daily living activities, as well as joint physiological and upper limb anatomical considerations, workspace analyses, and joint ranges of motion. Proximal placement of motors and distal placement of pulley reductions were incorporated into the design of a cable-driven wearable robotic arm. This design led to low inertias, high-stiffness links, and back-drivable transmissions with zero backlash. Potential applications of the exoskeleton as a wearable robot include use as: (1) a therapeutic and diagnostics device for physiotherapy, (2) an assistive (orthotic) device for human power amplifications, (3) a haptic device in virtual reality simulation, and (4) a master device for teleoperation
The Variation of Two Species of Lymnaea.

The problem of the effects of isolation in relation to the establishment of subspecies and local races has been studied by many workers since the time of DARWIN and WALLACE, but in most instances it has been attacked only from the standpoint of geographical speciation. Little attention has been paid to the relationship existing between the type of variation in any one circumscribed locality, and that occurring over extensive geographical areas. The naturalists of sixty years ago were interested in the gross effects of isolation, as exemplified, for instance, in the fauna of oceanic islands, but paid no great attention to the possibility of studying this phenomenon over broad and continuous areas. The work presented in this paper covers an extensive territory in the Sub-Arctic region, and in certain respects runs parallel to the extensive researches of CRAMPTON (1916) upon the members of the genus Partula in certain Pacific islands, but with the important difference that CRAMPTON'S work covers a very small subtropical area. It appears that the differentiation of new species and races takes place in the first-mentioned region a t a much slower rate than in that with the warmer climate, and this renders it possible, in certain respects, to follow the process with more precision. The analysis of this phenomenon in the northern part of North America may therefore be of interest. The ideal animal with which to commence a study of this kind is one which has a very wide geographical range, a considerable tolerance of diverse environmental conditions, and a marked tendency toward variation. For comparison with this it is desirable to use a species which, while equally variable in form, is more specific in its habitat requirements. These conditions are admirably fulfilled by two species of fresh water mollusca, namely, Lymnaea palustris (MULLER), and L. emarginata Say. L. palustris is a hardy and widely distributed snail which is found in North America, Europe, and northern Asia; while L. emarginata is much more restricted in its range, being found only in the northern part of North America east of the Rocky Mountains. A comparison of the local and geographical variation of these two species shows that while in L. palustris the range of variation in one locality approximates that which occurs over almost the whole range of the species in North America, in L. emarginata there is a well marked tendency for the range of variation in any one locality to constitute only a small part of the range which is to be found over the whole
When to Partner for Public Infrastructure? Transaction Cost Evaluation of Design-Build Delivery

Problem, research strategy, and findings: Public agencies traditionally request bids and award contracts to private firms after infrastructure designs are complete (bid-build). They also increasingly partner with private firms, often by folding capital improvements into a contract to design and build (design-build). The latter involves much more than the mere transfer of design work to the private sector, such as time to completion; the merits or problems of design-build strategies can, thus, be difficult to isolate. This article presents a method for doing so. Together with the development of a theory of contracting, the comparative analysis of two very similar highway overpass projects, one design-build and the other bid-build, demonstrates how so-called transaction cost economics can clarify the details of partnership cost-effectiveness. Takeaway for practice: Transaction cost analysis disaggregates and evaluates the costs of completed projects, accounting for factors typically external to economic ana...
Characterization of glutamate, aspartate, and GABA release from ischemic rat cerebral cortex

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential mechanisms of ischemia-evoked amino acid transmitter release. Changes in extracellular levels of transmitter amino acids and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) in rat cerebral cortex during and following four-vessel occlusion elicited global cerebral ischemia were examined using a cortical cup technique. Ischemia-evoked release of glutamate, aspartate and γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) was compared in control vs. drug-treated animals. Tetrodotoxin and antagonists of glutamate receptors (DNQX, MK-801, and AP-3) depressed the initial rate of increase in extracellular glutamate and aspartate without altering the total amount of these amino acids collected in the conical superfusates. Cobalt, a calcium channel antagonist, failed to alter efflux. Acidic amino acid transport inhibitors (dihydrokainate, L-trans-PDC) depressed the rate of onset of glutamate and aspartate release and dihydrokainate depressed total release by 44%. PD 81723, an allosteric enhancer at the A, adenosine receptor, depressed glutamate efflux, as did L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. Extracellular increases in GABA levels were depressed by tetrodotoxin and L-trans-PDC. The GABA transport inhibitor, nipecotic acid, increased the initial rate of onset of GABA release. Increases in LDH levels in the extracellular fluid became apparent during the period of ischemia and continued to increase during the subsequent 90 min of reperfusion. These results suggest that ischemia evokes a release of neurotransmitter amino acids that is only partially dependent upon Ca2+ influx activation or the reversal of amino acid transporters. Nonselective mechanisms, resulting from the disruption of plasma membrane integrity, may contribute significantly to the total ischemia-evoked release of excitatory amino acids.
Morphosyntax in poor comprehenders

Children described as poor comprehenders (PCs) have reading comprehension difficulties in spite of adequate word reading abilities. PCs are known to display weakness with semantics and higher-level aspects of oral language, but less is known about their grammatical skills, especially with regard to morphosyntax. The purpose of this study was to examine morphosyntax in fourth grade PCs and typically developing readers (TDs), using three experimental tasks involving finiteness marking. Participants also completed standardized, norm-referenced assessments of phonological memory, vocabulary, and broader language skills. PCs displayed weakness relative to TDs on all three morphosyntax tasks and on every other assessment of oral language except phonological memory, as indexed by nonword repetition. These findings help to clarify the linguistic profile of PCs, suggesting that their language weaknesses include grammatical weaknesses that cannot be fully explained by semantic factors. Because finiteness markers are usually mastered prior to formal schooling in typical development, we call for future studies to examine whether assessments of morphosyntax could be used for the early identification of children at risk for future reading comprehension difficulty.
Psychology: The Need for Psychology in Research on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work

The Internet explosion and broad interest in collaborative technology have driven increased interest in the field of computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW). Historically, behavioral research on...
A solution to water vapor in the National Transonic Facility

As cryogenic wind tunnels are utilized, problems associated with the low temperature environment are being discovered and solved. Recently, water vapor contamination was discovered in the National Transonic Facility, and the source was shown to be the internal insulation which is a closed-cell polyisocyanurate foam. After an extensive study of the absorptivity characteristics of the NTF thermal insulation, the most practical solution to the problem was shown to be the maintaining of a dry environment in the circuit at all times. Utilizing a high aspect ratio transport model, it was shown that the moisture contamination effects on the supercritical wing pressure distributions were within the accuracy of setting test conditions and as such were considered negligible for this model.
VAST challenge 2014: The Kronos incident

The 2014 IEEE Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) Challenge presented researchers with a single fictitious scenario: the disappearance of staff members of the GASTech oil and gas company on location on the island of Kronos. A group named the Protectors of Kronos (POK) was the prime suspect in the disappearance. Three mini-challenges and a grand challenge were offered. Mini-challenge 1 included multiple types of text data for participants to provide a timeline of key events and characterize the POK, mini-challenge 2 focused on individuals' movement and financial data for participants to provide patterns of daily life, and mini-challenge 3 featured real-time streaming social media and emergency service data for participants to provide hostage and kidnapper information. The grand challenge asked the participants to integrate results and generate a synopsis of events. The VAST Challenge received 73 submissions from 13 countries.
Schizophrenia and Suicide: A 10‐Year Review of Kentucky Medical Examiner Cases

The risk of suicide is significantly increased in schizophrenics; it is estimated that 10-13% of individuals suffering from schizophrenia commit suicide. Schizophrenia is marked by psychotic exacerbations and remissions, with persistent deterioration in baseline functioning with each relapse. We present a 10-year (1993-2002) retrospective review of Medical Examiners' cases of suicide of schizophrenic victims. Twenty-nine cases were between the ages of 20 and 75 (mean age of 41.6 years). The majority of victims were male (62.1%) and Caucasian (86.2%). The leading method of suicide for both males and females was firearm injury (48.3%) mostly of the head, followed by overdose (20.7%), and hanging (13.8%). A comprehensive investigation of the biopsychosocial factors is warranted in cases of schizophrenics who commit suicide. This study offers an insightful analysis pertaining to the determination of intent in formulating the manner of death in this unique population.
On the Closedness of the Linear Image of a Closed Convex Cone

When is the linear image of a closed convex cone closed? We present very simple and intuitive necessary conditions that (1) unify, and generalize seemingly disparate, classical sufficientconditions such as polyhedrality of the cone, and Slater-type conditions; (2) are necessary and sufficient, when the dual cone belongs to a class that we call nice cones (nice cones subsume all cones amenable to treatment by efficient optimization algorithms, for instance, polyhedral, semidefinite, and p-cones); and (3) provide similarly attractive conditions for an equivalent problem: the closedness of the sum of two closed convex cones.
A multi-state empirical valence bond model for acid base chemistry in aqueous solution

Abstract Classical molecular dynamics simulations in conjunction with a multi-state empirical valence bond (MS-EVB) model are used to study proton transport in strong and weak acid aqueous solutions. The strong acid, HCl, is modeled in its ionized state by inserting a chloride counter ion into the protonated water solution. Both equilibrium and dynamical properties differ only slightly from the previously studied isolated excess proton in water. The free-energy profile as a function of the separation between the excess charge and chlorine atom reveal minimal barrier for the anion-excess charge separation. To model the weak acid, protonated imidazole, the MS-EVB model was extended to include the protonated form of the acid in the EVB description, so that the dissociation step can be studied. Free energy profiles for the weak acid deprotonation show that several solvation shells around the weak acid molecule need to be included in the EVB model to correctly describe the stabilization of the solvated species. Structurally, one water molecule is coordinated to the proton donor in the protonated acid case, while two water molecules coordination is likely when the acid is deprotonated.
Impaired Defense of Intestinal Mucosa in Mice Lacking Intestinal Trefoil Factor

The mechanisms that maintain the epithelial integrity of the gastrointestinal tract remain largely undefined. The gene encoding intestinal trefoil factor (ITF), a protein secreted throughout the small intestine and colon, was rendered nonfunctional in mice by targeted disruption. Mice lacking ITF had impaired mucosal healing and died from extensive colitis after oral administration of dextran sulfate sodium, an agent that causes mild epithelial injury in wild-type mice. ITF-deficient mice manifested poor epithelial regeneration after injury. These findings reveal a central role for ITF in the maintenance and repair of the intestinal mucosa.
Reintroducing six sigma DMAIC processes using a hands on approach

In recent years industries and colleges have had a greater need for improved six sigma training. Presented in the following paper will be an up to date analysis of the current six sigma curriculum being taught here at Bradley University. This paper attempts to address the problem with the lack of educational training engineers have when entering a six sigma improvement process for their given industry. With the help of peer evaluations, in class lectures and, hands on projects, will an improved curriculum be introduced. In order to present this course, a case study following a 3D printing team using the DMAIC six sigma methodologies will be further analyzed.