cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protected areas lacking for many common fluvial fishes of the conterminous USA

AIM: To assess the effectiveness of protected areas in two catchment scales (local and network) in conserving regionally common fluvial fishes using modelled species distributions. LOCATION: Conterminous United States. METHODS: A total of 150 species were selected that were geographically widespread, abundant, non‐habitat specialists and native within nine large ecoregions. Species distribution models were developed using boosted regression trees, and modelled distributions were assessed for protection status under two alternatives: lands strictly managed for biodiversity (Highly Restricted Use) and those allowing multiple uses (Multiple Use), with protection target levels (i.e., the amount of protected area required for protection) for local and network catchments being developed from ecoregion‐based urban and agricultural land use thresholds from fish responses. RESULTS: Overall, less than 2% of fluvial catchments in the conterminous USA are meeting both local and network catchment protection target levels under the Highly Restricted Use alternative, whereas 16% of catchments met protection levels for the Multiple Use alternative, with protection largely concentrated in the western USA. For common native species distributions within ecoregions, only one species had >10% of streams meeting combined local and network catchment protection target levels under the Highly Restricted Use alternative, whereas 50 distributions (~14% of species distribution models) met this level under the Multiple Use alternative. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Even for fishes considered widespread and abundant, protection levels are lacking, particularly when considering only lands that are actively managed for biodiversity. Given the increasing intensification of anthropogenic activities and substantial uncertainty associated with climate change, considering the conservation status for all species, including those currently considered common, is warranted.
On ‘being for others’: time and shame in the neoliberal academy

Amid growing studies of time in higher education, few have theorized the interconnections between affect, academic work, and temporality – the way we make sense of and relate to time changes – in t...
¿Servir con la pluma? El efecto espejo en el Austrias Carmen de Juan Latino

espanolEn este ensayo destaco como Juan Latino (ca.1518-ca.1595), antiguo esclavo de la ilustre familia Fernandez de Cordoba, crea una persona literaria compleja a traves de sus dos volumenes de poesia publicadas en 1573 y 1576 en Granada. Prestare atencion especial a la manera en que Latino establece un efecto espejo en el Austrias Carmen, un poema epico de dos cantos en latin que celebra la victoria cristiana en la batalla de Lepanto. Este recurso literario le da la oportunidad de fijar la atencion no solo en su mecenas Pedro de Deza, pero tambien en su propia figura como poeta unico. Comparare las estrategias textuales de Latino con el uso del efecto espejo en Las Meninas de Diego Velazquez. EnglishThis article highlights how Juan Latino (ca.1518-ca.1595), a former black slave of the illustrious Fernandez de Cordoba family, creates a highly complex literary persona through the two volumes of Latin poetry he published in the 1570s in Granada. I will pay special attention to Latino’s staging of a mirror effect in the Austrias Carmen, a two-book epic on the Christian victory in the battle of Lepanto. This technique enables the poet to place his patron Pedro de Deza at the centre of attention alongside his own authorial figure. In my analysis, I will compare Latino’s textual strategies to Diego Velazquez’s use of the mirror in Las Meninas. catalaEn aquest assaig destaque com Juan Latino (ca. 1518 – ca. 1595), antic esclau de la il·lustre familia Fernandez de Cordoba, crea un personatge literari complex a traves dels seus dos volums de poesia publicats en 1573 i 1576 en Granada. Atorgare una especial atencio a la manera en que Latino estableix un efecte espill en el Austrias Carmen, un poema epic de dos cants en llati que celebra la victoria cristiana en la batalla de Lepant. Aquest recurs literari li permet de fixar l’atencio no sols en el seu mecenes Pedro de Deza, sino tambe en la seua propia figura com a poeta unic. Comparare les estrategies textuals de Latino amb la utilitzacio de l’efecte espill a Les Menines de Diego Velazquez.
Home Care Workers Caring For Adults With Heart Failure Need Better Access To Training And Technology: A Role For Implementation Science

Although highly involved in heart failure (HF) patients' care, home care workers (HCWs) lack HF training and are poorly integrated into the healthcare team. For its potential to address these challenges, we examined the role of technology among HCWs caring for HF patients. We conducted 38 interviews with key stakeholders. Overall, four themes emerged. Participants reported that technology is critical for HF care, but existing systems are outdated and ineffective. HCWs also have limited access to electronic resources. Technology, training, and principles of implementation science can be leveraged to improve HCWs' experience in caring for HF patients and home healthcare delivery.
Congenital Diseases Predisposing to Sleep Apnea

Congenital diseases are a large and heterogeneous group of developmental alterations that occur during pregnancy. Congenital diseases have very different causes that can be classified as follows: genetic defects; exposure to infectious agents, chemicals, and drugs with teratogenic action; and a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Congenital disease causes structural, functional, or metabolic abnormalities. Congenital disorders are associated with a higher risk of sleep-related respiratory disorders (SDB) that occur from the first months of life. The various pathophysiological factors involve a variable presence of breathing disturbed in sleep with obstructive and central manifestations. The children with congenital disease, at high risk for SDB, may not present with SDB symptoms and deserve special attention as well as a low threshold for a sleep study referral. Untreated SDB can lead to a worsening of neurocognitive or behavioral manifestations, as well as metabolic, cardiovascular manifestations, which make the treatment of patients with congenital disorders very demanding. Identifying, diagnosing, and treating SDB can significantly improve the patient’s quality of life, prevent the development of sequelae or comorbidities, and prolong survival.
Gaussian mixture model-based unsupervised nucleotide modification number detection using nanopore-sequencing readouts.

MOTIVATION Nucleotide modification status can be decoded from the Oxford Nanopore Technologies nanopore-sequencing ionic current signals. Although various algorithms have been developed for nanopore-sequencing-based modification analysis, more detailed characterizations, such as modification numbers, corresponding signal levels and proportions are still lacking. RESULTS We present a framework for the unsupervised determination of the number of nucleotide modifications from nanopore-sequencing readouts. We demonstrate the approach can effectively recapitulate the number of modifications, the corresponding ionic current signal levels, as well as mixing proportions under both DNA and RNA contexts. We further show, by integrating information from multiple detected modification regions, that the modification status of DNA and RNA molecules can be inferred. This method forms a key step of de novo characterization of nucleotide modifications, shedding light on the interpretation of various biological questions. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Modified nanopolish: https://github.com/adbailey4/nanopolish/tree/cigar_output. All other codes used to reproduce the results: https://github.com/hd2326/ModificationNumber. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Attitudes Toward Computers Moderate the Effect of Computerized Cognitive Trainings in Oldest-Old Senior Living Center Residents.

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives Computerized cognitive interventions (CCIs) have been increasingly implemented among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, older individuals’ attitudes toward technology may limit CCI engagement. This exploratory-developmental study examined whether a “multi-functional interactive computer system” (MICS), which provides pleasurable activities via computer, would improve attitudes toward computers and in turn increase the efficacy of a subsequent CCI. Research Design and Methods A phase one double-blind trial randomized 49 seniors with MCI to a MICS + CCI condition or a CCI-only condition. Attitudes toward technology use was assessed using The Attitudes Toward Computers Questionnaire (ATCQ), and cognition was assessed using episodic memory and executive function composite scores at baseline, the ends of MICS and CCI phases, and 3-month follow-up. Results The MICS + CCI group did not show significantly greater improvement in cognition than the CCI only group. Secondary analyses indicated that improvement in executive function from baseline occurred in both groups. Participants who did show improved attitudes toward computers, whether through MICS or simply computer exposure itself, showed improvement in executive function. Discussion and Implication Participants in the MICS + CCI group used MICS less than expected. A more structured and supervised approach may be needed to facilitate MICS exposure. Improved attitudes toward computers regardless of MICS exposure may benefit candidates for CCI.
Impact of Action Unit Occurrence Patterns on Detection.

Detecting action units is an important task in face analysis, especially in facial expression recognition. This is due, in part, to the idea that expressions can be decomposed into multiple action units. In this paper we investigate the impact of action unit occurrence patterns on detection of action units. To facilitate this investigation, we review state of the art literature, for AU detection, on 2 state-of-the-art face databases that are commonly used for this task, namely DISFA, and BP4D. Our findings, from this literature review, suggest that action unit occurrence patterns strongly impact evaluation metrics (e.g. F1-binary). Along with the literature review, we also conduct multi and single action unit detection, as well as propose a new approach to explicitly train deep neural networks using the occurrence patterns to boost the accuracy of action unit detection. These experiments validate that action unit patterns directly impact the evaluation metrics.
Conceptual study of literature, market, and consumer: Combining swim and shapewear technology

Shapewear has evolved over time and enables the wearer to confidently shape and smooth their bodies while remaining invisible under clothing. Swimwear is one of the most revealing garments worn in public settings. The purpose of this study was to conduct literary, market, and consumer research to propose creative and functional designs for the swimwear market that integrates benefits of shapewear technology. The Functional, Expressive, and Aesthetic (FEA) model provided a framework for conceptualizing designs based on consumers' needs. Market and consumer research, via anonymous survey, provided a base for conceptualizing product development ideas. The results supported the development of swimwear with shapewear technology and aligned with findings from previous studies regarding body image and personal comfort. Designs were conceptualized and proposed that integrated shapewear technology into swimwear. Findings support the market opportunity of combining shapewear technology and swimwear. Future directions involve development of prototype(s) for consumer testing and feedback.
The Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Healthcare Workers with Pre-Existing Psychiatric Conditions.

Both healthcare workers (HCWs) and psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic appear to have elevated prevalence of psychiatric symptoms, but little is known about HCWs with psychiatric diagnoses. To examine their response to the pandemic, we analyzed their perspective, and association with psychiatric symptoms and stress among HCW with psychiatric diagnosis. Using an online survey of HCW, we analyzed demographics, work information, health factors, open-ended question, sources of stress and standardized mental health scales (Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8), and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL)). Sixteen out of 129 HCWs reported a pre-existing psychiatric diagnosis (median age 32 years, 8 were females, 8 work in the emergency department). Their perception of the impact severity on symptoms was significantly correlated with all the mental health scales and with stress from avoiding physical contact. In multivariate analysis, PSS score and PCL score were associated with self-rated impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on symptoms (standardized beta = .51 for PCL and standardized beta = .55 for PSS). GAD-7 score was significantly related to both impact (standardized beta = .44) and stress from avoiding physical contact (standardized beta = .53). HCWs with psychiatric diagnoses reported a range of perception of the impact of the pandemic on their symptoms with increased severity associated with worse psychiatric outcomes and more stress from avoiding physical contact with others. There is a growing importance to protect HCWs mental health, including those with pre-existing psychiatric diagnosis, and proactively counter psychosocial consequences of healthcare crises.
Iqbal, al-Kidd and Pleading Past Qualified Immunity: What the Cases Mean and How They Demonstrate a Need to Eliminate the Immunity Doctrines from Constitutional Tort Law

The Supreme Court’s decisions in Ashcroft v. Iqbal and Ashcroft v. al-Kidd contain issue-framing statements indicating that a constitutional tort plaintiff is required to plead facts sufficient to establish the inapplicability of the qualified-immunity defense. Yet framing the issue in this way ignores the Court’s earlier decision in Gomez v. Toledo and is at odds with the established law of pleading; a plaintiff is not required to anticipate an affirmative defense and negate its applicability in the complaint. These cases thus raise a number of questions: Does the Court really mean what its issue-framing statements suggest? If so, should we construe the obligation to state facts negating the applicability of qualified immunity as being limited to the context of qualified immunity? Or is the Court intent on a more general shift in the law governing the pleading and proof of affirmative defenses?In this article, I consider these questions and conclude that, while the Court’s issue-framing statements were likely not accidental, they should not be seen to have implications outside of qualified-immunity cases. It is apparent that the Court sees itself on the horns of a dilemma in such cases. On the one hand, the Court wants to see cases doomed to fail on qualified-immunity grounds resolved on the pleadings so that public officials will not be put to the burdens of pretrial discovery and thereby be over-deterred in the performance of official duties. On the other hand, the Court does not want courts to impose heightened pleading requirements by judicial fiat. But therein lies the rub. For if qualified immunity is to remain an affirmative defense, the only way to accomplish the pleadings-based dismissals that the Court desires is to require plaintiffs to plead facts establishing the inapplicability of qualified immunity. And this is heightened pleading.There is a way out of this conundrum. If the Court were to recognize that the individual-capacity claims to which the qualified-immunity defense applies are in fact sub-constitutional, it easily and consistently with precedent could reallocate to plaintiffs pressing such claims the burden of pleading facts sufficient to establish that the defendant violated clearly established constitutional rights. A doctrinal reform of this sort – which would render conceptually unnecessary the qualified- and absolute-immunity doctrines – would reinforce rule-of-law values and bring much needed clarity to constitutional tort law. Moreover, such a reform could be accomplished in a manner that is sensitive to the problem of “law-freezing” that has occupied so much recent scholarly attention. Finally, the regime that would emerge in the wake of such a reform might well prove in the long run to be more rights-protective than that which presently governs individual-capacity claims.
University Direction Case

This chapter contributes to the university governance literature by analysing the living case of a foundation university. The case is supported by the agency and stakeholder theory and the shared university governance models, such as Academic-Business-Corporate (ABC) of University Governance and the Integrated New University Governance (reversed KISS framework).
Anticoagulation is Associated with Increased Mortality in Splenic Injuries.

Abstract Introduction Anticoagulation (AC) is associated with worse outcomes after trauma in some but not all studies. To further investigate the effect of AC on outcomes in patients with splenic injury, we analyzed the Trauma Quality Programs Participant Use File (PUF) Methods The 2017 PUF was used to identify adult (18+ y) with all mechanisms and grades of splenic injury. Demographics, comorbidities, hospital course and outcomes were compared between AC and non-AC patients. Results A total of 18,749 patients were included, 622 were on AC. The AC patients were older but had comparable gender composition to non-AC patients. Injury Severity Score (18.2 versus 22.5) and rates of serious (AIS ≥ 3) injury were all lower in the AC group (P = 0.001). AC patients received fewer units of RBC (5.7 versus 8.0 units, P Conclusions Anticoagulation is associated with increased mortality in patients with splenic injury.
Geology and physiography of the continental margin north of Alaska and implications for the origin of the Canada Basin

The continental margin north of Alaska is of Atlantic type. It began to form probably in early Jurassic time but possibly in middle early Cretaceous time, when the oceanic Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean is thought to have opened by rifting about a pole of rotation near the Mackenzie Delta. Offsets of the rift along two fracture zones are thought to have divided the Alaskan margin into three sectors of contrasting structure and stratigraphy. In the Barter Island sector on the east and the Chukchi sector on the west the rift was closer to the present northern Alaska mainland than in the Barrow sector, which lies between them. In the Barter Island and Chukchi sectors the continental shelf is underlain by prisms of clastic sedimentary rocks that are inferred to include thick sections of Jurassic and Neocomian (lower Lower Cretaceous) strata of southern provenance. In the intervening Barrow sector the shelf is underlain by relatively thin sections of Jurassic and Neocomian strata derived from northern sources that now lie beneath the outer continental shelf.
Many-Objective Visual Analytics: Rethinking the Design of Complex Engineered Systems

Over the past decade our research group has worked to operationlize our “many-objective visual analytics” (MOVA) framework for the design and management of complex engineered systems. Successful applications include urban water portfolio planning, satellite constellation design, airline scheduling, and product family design. The MOVA framework has four core components: (1) elicited problem conception and formulation, (2) many-objective search, (3) interactive visualization, and (4) negotiated design selection. Problem conception and formulation is the process of abstracting a practical design problem into a mathematical representation. We build on the emerging work in visual analytics to exploit interactive visualization of both the design space and the objective space in multiple heterogeneous linked views that permit exploration and discovery. Many-objective search produces a Pareto-approximate set of solutions from problem formulations that consider up to ten objectives based on current computational search capabilities. Negotiated design selection uses interactive visualization, reformulation, and optimization to discover desirable designs for implementation. Each of the activities in the framework is subject to feedback, both within the activity itself and from the other activities in the framework. These feedback processes transition formerly marginalized activities of reformulating the problem, refining the conceptual model of the problem, and refining the optimization, to represent the most critical process for innovating real world systems (i.e., learning how to frame the problems themselves). This study demonstrates insights gained by evolving the formulation of a General Aviation Aircraft (GAA) product family design problem. This problem’s considerable complexity and difficulty, along with a history encompassing several formulations, make it well-suited to demonstrate the MOVA framework. Our MOVA framework results compare a single objective, a two objective, and a ten objective formulation for optimizing the GAA product family. Highly interactive visual analytics are exploited to demonstrate how decision biases can arise for lower dimensional, highly aggregated problem formulations. As part of our efforts to operationlize the MOVA framework, we have also created rigorous search diagnostics to distinguish the efficiency, controllability, reliability, and effectiveness of multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs). These diagnostics have distinguished the auto-adaptive behavior of our recently introduced Borg MOEA relative to a broad sampling of traditional MOEAs when addressing the GAA product family design problem.
Early results from a multi-thermal model for the cooling of post-flare loops

Abstract We have developed a multi-thermal model for the cooling of post-flare loops. Our model consists of many nested loops that form and cool at offset times to simulate a rising reconnection site. Cooling due to both conductive and radiative processes is taken into account. The free parameters in the model include the initial temperature and density in the loops. The loop width and the initial loop length are constrained by the data. The results from the model are compared to observations from the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer and the Soft X-ray Telescope on Yohkoh . The many-loop model predicts the observed light curves more accurately than a similar model with a single loop.
Evaluation of Google’s Voice Recognition and Sentence Classification for Health Care Applications

AbstractThis study examined the use of voice recognition technology in perioperative services (Periop) to enable Periop staff to record workflow milestones using mobile technology. The use of mobile technology to improve patient flow and quality of care could be facilitated if such voice recognition technology could be made robust. The goal of this experiment was to allow the Periop staff to provide care without being interrupted with data entry and querying tasks. However, the results are generalizable to other situations where an engineering manager attempts to improve communication performance using mobile technology. This study enhanced Google’s voice recognition capability by using post-processing classifiers (i.e., bag-of-sentences, support vector machine, and maximum entropy). The experiments investigated three factors (original phrasing, reduced phrasing, and personalized phrasing) at three levels (zero training repetition, 5 training repetitions, and 10 training repetitions). Results indicated th...
Outcomes associated with bacteremia in the setting of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains an important pathogen in pneumonia. Bacteremia may secondarily complicate MRSA pneumonia. The epidemiology and outcomes associated with bacteremia in the setting of MRSA pneumonia are unknown. We sought to describe the prevalence of bacteremia in MRSA pneumonia and its impact on hospital mortality and length of stay (LOS). We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study (2008–2013) including adult patients hospitalized with pneumonia caused by MRSA. We defined pneumonia based on clinical criteria and all cases were culture confirmed. MRSA bacteremia was identified based on positive blood cultures. Pneumonia was categorized as either community-onset (CO, occurring at presentation or within 2 days of admission) or hospital-onset (HO, occurring > 2 days after admission). We compared bacteremic and non-bacteremic groups with respect to their demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes. A logistic regression and a generalized linear model (GLM) were constructed to examine the impact of bacteremia on hospital mortality and post-pneumonia onset LOS, respectively. Among the 765 patients with MRSA pneumonia (33.1 % CO), 93 (12.2 %) had concurrent bacteremia (37.6 % CO). Patients with bacteremia were similar to non-bacteremic subjects based on demographic and clinical characteristics with the exception of frequency of a hospitalization within prior 180 days (48.4 % bacteremic and 37.7 % non-bacteremic, p = 0.047), prevalence of chronic liver disease (17.2 % vs. 9.5 %, p = 0.030), and the mean APACHE II score at the onset of pneumonia (17.5 ± 6.0 vs. 16.1 ± 6.0, p = 0.045). Both unadjusted mortality (33.7 % vs. 23.8 %, p = 0.067) and median post-pneumonia LOS (18.2 vs. 12.2 days, p < 0.001) were greater in the bacteremic than the non-bacteremic group. In a logistic regression, bacteremia showed a trend toward an association with increased mortality (odds ratio 1.56, 95 % confidence interval 0.93 to 2.61). Concomitant bacteremia was independently associated with a 10.3-day increase in the post-pneumonia hospital LOS (95 % confidence interval 6.7 to 13.9 days). Concurrent bacteremia occurred with moderate frequency in the setting of hospitalization with MRSA pneumonia. Although bacteremia did not appear to independently impact mortality, this was likely due to our study’s limited sample size. However, bacteremia complicating MRSA pneumonia added between 1 and 2 weeks to the hospital LOS.
The impact of home health length of stay and number of skilled nursing visits on hospitalization among medicare‐reimbursed skilled home health beneficiaries

The implementation of the Home Health Prospective Payment System in 2000 led to a dramatic reduction in home health length of stay and number of skilled nursing visits among Medicare beneficiaries. While policy leaders have focused on the rising costs of home health care, its potential underutilization, and the relationship between service use and patient outcomes including hospitalization rates have not been rigorously examined. A secondary analysis of five Medicare-owned assessment and claims data sets for the year 2009 was conducted among two independently randomly selected samples of Medicare-reimbursed home health recipients (each n = 31,485) to examine the relationship between home health length of stay or number of skilled nursing visits and hospitalization rates within 90 days of discharge from home health. Patients who had a home health length of stay of at least 22 days or received at least four skilled nursing visits had significantly lower odds of hospitalization than patients with shorter home health stays and fewer skilled nursing visits. Additional study is needed to clarify the best way to structure home health services and determine readiness for discharge to reduce hospitalization among this chronically ill population. In the mean time, the findings of this study suggest that home health providers should consider the benefits of at least four SNV and/or a home health LOS of 22 days or longer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Motivation of radiology residents: an interaction between personal and environmental factors.

Medical educators seek to motivate residents to acquire the knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes that will prepare them to practice radiology competently and independently and for lifelong learning. Yet faculty members are often challenged by learners who appear unmotivated. It often appears that the goals educators want residents to achieve are not always achieved or even valued by residents. The objectives of this brief essay are to discuss feedback, stress, professional intimacy, adult learning principles, and motivational theory as they relate to motivating radiology residents.
Evaluation of the calcium oxalate monohydrate Hamaker constant based on static dielectric constant determination and electronic polarization

Abstract Knowledge of the static dielectric constant is fundamental to an accurate calculation of the Hamaker constant. However, many materials of interest, particularly biominerals, do not lend themselves to a form amenable to measure dielectric properties readily. In the current work, it is shown that careful preparation of composite samples composed of the biomineral, in the current work, calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) well-dispersed in a low dielectric constant silicone rubber, permit determination of the static dielectric constant of the biomineral phase. Composite mixing rules were used to deconvolute the dielectric constant of COM from the COM /silicone composite. Utilizing the Lichtenecker dielectric mixing model, the value of the static dielectric constant of COM was determined to be 28.9. Optical and dielectric data were then used in the Tabor-Winterton relationship to calculate the Hamaker constant A 131 of COM particles interacting in water. The A 131 for COM as a function of crystallographic habit was also examined. The mean value of A 131 for COM was calculated to be 13.7(±5.90) × 10 −21 J at 37°C in an aqueous environment, which is about 15% larger than previously published values calculated using only contributions from electronic polarization between interacting materials.
Liquid-phase gallium-indium alloy electronics with microcontact printing.

Liquid-phase electronic circuits are patterned on an elastomer substrate with a microcontact printer. The printer head dips into a pool of a liquid-phase gallium–indium alloy, e.g., eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) or gallium–indium–tin (Galinstan), and deposits a single drop on a silicone elastomer substrate. After patterned deposition, the liquid-phase circuit is sealed with an additional layer of silicone elastomer. We also demonstrate patterned deposition of the liquid-phase GaIn alloy with a molded polydimethylsiloxane stamp that is manually inked and pressed into an elastomer substrate. As with other liquid-phase electronics produced through needle injection or masked deposition, the circuit is elastically deformable and can be stretched to several times its natural length without losing electronic functionality. In contrast to existing fabrication techniques, microcontact printing and stamp lithography can be used to produce circuits with any planar geometric feature, including electrodes with large...
The Topic of Power

During the past several decades, the concept of power has fueled continuing de? bate among social scientists. Although that debate derives in part from the com? plexities associated with "power," philosophical impoverishment also contrib? utes to the irresolute status of the term. In general, social scientists approach the concept of power through preconceptions about the topic of power. They define power with a view toward interpersonal or intergroup outcomes, or what they broadly want to account for through theories of power. Thus definitions of power usually lay grounds for discourse about decision making, influence, control, dom? ination, coercion, authority, and related concerns. Social scientists need to dis? close and refine their presuppositions about the topic of power, and then define the concept on those bases. Until then, their approaches to power will remain commonsensically appealing but theoretically wanting. Clegg (1975, p. 76) points out that the topic of power is distinct from the con? cept of power. Using Cicourel's (1973) "surface" and "deep" structures, he schematizes the relationships between the topics of exchange, rationality, and economic activity, on the one hand, and the concepts of power, rules, and domi? nation, on the other hand. Although he pinpoints what most social-scientific dis? course implies about the topic of power, Clegg ignores the conditions that make possible the processes and structures he treats. He deepens rather than punctures the circle of concerns that preoccupy social scientists interested in power. Clegg's work nonetheless shows that we need to examine the grounds as well as the out? comes associated with an object of inquiry (topic). It alludes to the necessity of continuously refining our presuppositions if we seek a full-fledged theory of power. Most social scientists fail to question the conditions of the possibility of power as a topic. Two theoretical approaches do deviate from that pattern, however. The strategic-contingencies theory of Hickson, Hinings, Lee, Schneck, and Pennings (1971) relates power to uncertainty. From their viewpoint, uncertainty is a neces? sary but insufficient condition of power. Thus the topicality of power presupposes uncertainty as a root feature of social life, even within formal organizations. Emerson (1962) conceives the topicality of power in relation to interdependence. He regards mutual dependence as a necessary condition of power, even though 183
Gravitational law and spinning electron equation in a De Sitter symmetric space

A gravitational law is proposed on a De Sitter covariant space. Dirac's De Sitter covariant spinning electron equation is generalized to the presence of gravitational fields. The resulting equation differs from the generally covariant Dirac equation by a mass renormalization. The last result is a generalization of that of Gursey and Lee [2] in case of the homogenous De Sitter metric, and it gives a wider outlook on the significance of this result from the point of view of gauge theory.
Critical chain length for helix formation in L‐methionine oligopeptides

The circular dichroism of a series of L-methionine oligopeptides [BOC-(Met)n-OMe] was examined in trifluoroethanol and hexafluoroacetone sesquihydrate. The results indicate that the trimer through the hexamer exists predominantly in disordered conformations in these solvents. An abrupt change in the CD pattern at the heptamer in trifluoroethanol suggests that L-methionine oligopeptides begin forming helices at this chain length.
Ambiguous Bisexuality: The Case of A Shot at Love with Tila Tequila

I feel like that's a phase. I honestly think it's a phase. I honestly don't believe there is such thing as a bisexual, you're either straight or you're not. (Dominic, Season 2, A Shot at Love) The ...
TRANSPOSITION MEDIATED BY RAG1 AND RAG2 AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM

The RAG1 and RAG2 proteins together initiate V(D)J recombination by performing cleavage of chromosomal DNA adjacent to antigen receptor gene segments. Like the adaptive immune system itself,RAG1 andRAG2 are found only in jawed vertebrates. The hypothesis thatRAG1 andRAG2 arose in evolution as components of a transposable element has received dramatic support from our recent finding that the RAG proteins are a fully functional transposase in vitro. This result strongly suggests that antigen receptor genes acquired their unusual structure as a consequence of the insertion of a transposable element into an ancestral receptor gene by RAG1 and RAG2 approx 450 million years ago.
Effect of transformation by hamster sarcoma virus on the glycolipid composition of secondary hamster embryo cells and the Nil cell line

Glycolipid synthesis was investigated in secondary hamster embryo cells and in two Nil (hamster) clones at 24-hr intervals following infection with the hamster sarcoma virus. In all cases lower levels of complex glycolipids were being synthesized by 14 days postinfection. The time courses for these changes, however, were complex and characteristic for each cell type. Ahigher rate of Forssman antigen synthesis was found in infected secondary hamster fibroblasts as compared to uninfected cells at one point during the transition to transformation. In some cases the changes in glycolipid pattern were found to precede changes in morphology and glucose uptake and in other cases they were found to follow these changes.
Comparison of Contact Capabilities for Underactuated Parallel Jaw Grippers for Use on Industrial Robots

In this paper, we propose the addition of passive hydraulic mechanisms to simple parallel robotic grippers for improving disturbance rejection while maintaining the low cost of an industry standard gripper design. Each adaptive jaw on our gripper consists of three parallel hydraulic cylinders that are connected to a common local reservoir. The resultant passive hydraulic system is fully encased in the finger and moves independently of the actuator that closes the fingers. Such a design eliminates the need to engineer a complex cable or linkage system to allow for finger adaptability as many underactuated grippers do. Specifically, hydraulic cylinders need only be selected and connected together. As with other underactuated devices, the unconstrained freedoms of this design allow the gripper to adapt to unknown objects instead of creating a custom gripper shape for each new object the robot needs to grasp. In this paper, we analyze the ability of this gripper to maximize contact points over various sized objects and object placements while creating immobilizing form closure grasps. We than tested these improvements on a physical robot and found that grasp performance increased by up to 30% over a gripper lacking underactuation.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Ribonuclease-gold ultrastructural localization of heparin in isolated human lung mast cells stimulated to undergo anaphylactic degranulation and recovery in vitro

Background Human mast cells are a rich and unique source of heparin, which is stored in cytoplasmic secretory granules and accounts for metachromasia, a staining property used to identify mast cells by light microscopy. Objective The sub-cellular locations of heparin in secretory human mast cells and human mast cells recovering from secretion are not known. Acquisition of this knowledge requires ultrastructural imaging of well-preserved cells with a visible probe which binds to heparin. We sought to develop this knowledge regarding human mast cell secretion by using a labelling method for heparin that depends on the well-known property of ribonuclease inhibition by heparin. Methods Human lung mast cells were isolated, partially purified, either stimulated or not stimulated to secrete with anti-IgE, and recovered 20 min or 6 h later for routine electron microscopy. Histamine secretion was also determined. A previously developed post-embedding, enzyme-affinity-gold electron microscopic technique to image ribonucleic acid (RNA) with ribonuclease-gold (R-G), which also binds to the enzyme inhibitor, heparin, was employed to determine the sub-cellular locations of heparin in non-secretory and secretory mast cells as well as in mast cells recovered from short-term cultures after secretion. Specificity controls for the novel use of this method and quantification of granule labelling in these controls were performed. Results Heparin was labelled by R-G in electron-dense granules within non-secretory human lung mast cells (HLMCs), in electron-dense granules that persisted in secretory HLMCs at the maximum histamine secretion time (20 min), and in electron-dense granules within recovering HLMCs. Specificity controls showed that gold alone did not label HLMCs and that absorption with heparin significantly reduced or abrogated HLMC granule staining with R-G, but that RNA absorption did not. Heparin stores were absent in newly formed, electron-lucent intracytoplasmic degranulation channels in secretory HLMCs. Electron-dense granule matrices in the process of extrusion to the cell exterior still retained heparin at the instant of cellular secretion. Non-granule heparin stores bound R-G in recovering HLMCs. These locations included resolving degranulation channels, as newly emergent granules partitioned and condensed within them, and electron-dense content-containing vesicles and progranules within synthetic mast cells. Ultimately, all known ultrastructural patterns of HLMC granules developed in recovering cells, and each of them contained heparin. Conclusion Heparin was secreted from HLMCs which were stimulated by anti-IgE, and heparin was recovered by a combination of conservative and synthetic mechanisms in HLMCs after a secretory event.
Low-cost sensors for UGVs

With the advent of the Future Combat System and the system of systems approach to development of a deployable and lethal medium force, unmanned systems are viewed as essential contributors to provide the necessary capabilities while at the same time improving soldier survivability. One of the most critical missions for both unmanned ground and air platforms is Reconnaissance, Surveillance, and Target Acquisition (RSTA). Unmanned systems have the advantage that they may be put in harm's way. The systems must, however, be designed to be affordable to enable aggressive use that may result in loss or damage during operations. Advances in sensors, machine perception, and advanced computer architectures have made a semi-autonomous Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) a reality. While still requiring a man in the loop with a low bandwidth communication link for supervisory planning and control, the UGV can carry out numerous mission activities otherwise performed by manned systems. This paper will present an NVESD concept for a cost effective targeting system along with a discussion of sensors and concepts for autonomous mobility.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Phosphorescence characteristics of several antimetabolites.

Abstract Phosphorescence excitation and emission wavelength peaks, lifetimes, limits of detection, and concentration ranges of analytical usefulness of 37 antimetabolites in rigid (77°K) ethanolic solution were determined. Seventeen of the metabolites produced analytically useful phosphorescence, whereas the remaining 20 were of limited or no analytical use.
Pronominal reference in Thai, Burmese, and Vietnamese

Pronominal Reference in Thai, Burmese, and Vietnamese By Joseph Robinson Cooke B.Th. (Biola College, Los Angeles) 19^9 A.B. (Biola College, Los Angeles) 1952 A.B. (University of California) 1961 DISSERTATION Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Linguistics in the GRADUATE DIVISION of the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Approved: Committee in Charge Degree conferred Date Reproduced with permission o f the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Identification of the DNA sequence from the E. coli terminus region that halts replication forks

The terminus region of the E. coli chromosome contains two loci, T1 and T2, that inhibit the progress of replication forks and require the trans-acting factor tus. We have identified a 23 bp terminator signal at T1 and T2 that is within 100 bp of the sites of replication arrest. When an oligodeoxyribonucleotide containing the terminator signal was inserted into a plasmid, replication was halted only in a tus+ strain and when the terminator signal was oriented properly. We also found this terminator sequence in the terminus region of the plasmid R6K and in the origin region of RepFIIA class plasmids. In addition, we found striking similarities between the E. coli terminator signal and the terminator sequence of B. subtilis.
Experimental studies of the concept of chance.

(1961). Experimental Studies of the Concept of Chance. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 65, No. 1, pp. 3-24.
Echocardiography in hypoxemic neonatal pulmonary disease.

Sixteen newborn infants with severe pulmonary parenchymal disease and profound hypoxemia were treated with mechanical ventilation, alkalinization, and intravenous tolazoline. Eight infants responded within two hours of initiation of tolazoline therapy with a rise in Pa o 2 by at least 100% of pretreatment values (mean=188%, range=103 to 427%). Eight infants showed little or no change in Pa o 2 with administration of tolazoline. Echocardiographic evaluation prior to therapy demonstrated marked elevation in both left (LPEP/LVET=0.52±0.13) and right (RPEP/RVET=0.56±0.08) ventricular systyolic time intervals in the eight infants who subsequently responded to tolazoline. Systolic time intervals in nonresponders were within the normal range (LPEP/LVET=0.37±0.03, RPEP/RVET=0.33±0.04) and were not significantly different from those observed in a control group of 15 infants with pulmonary disease requiring mechanical ventilation but without hypoxemia. Following tolazoline therapy, systolic time intervals in all eight responders fell to normal values. Echocardiography can provide a safe, noninvasive method for identifying those infnats with primary pulmonary disease and severe hypoxemia who could be expected to benefit from tolazoline therapy, thereby avoiding tolazoline side effects in infants for whom tolazoline therapy can be predicted to be of little benefit.
Neoadjuvant mitoxantrone and docetaxel for high-risk localized prostate cancer

Abstract Purpose Currently available treatment modalities for high-risk clinically localized prostate cancer have limited chances of achieving complete tumor elimination because of either inadequate local or metastatic tumor eradication. The goal of this phase I/II study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant docetaxel and mitoxantrone before prostatectomy. Materials and Methods A total of 22 men with high-risk clinically localized prostate cancer underwent weekly treatment with docetaxel (35 mg/m 2 ), with increasing doses of mitoxantrone (2–5 mg/m 2 ) for a 12 of 16-week treatment cycle before prostatectomy. Testosterone and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurements were made before and after chemotherapy. Results The maximally tolerated dose for mitoxantrone was 4 mg/m 2 , and the primary toxicity was neutropenia. Testosterone levels were maintained throughout treatment. PSA reductions were observed in 95% of patients, with a median reduction of 41%. The surgery was well tolerated after chemotherapy, without any major complications. Negative surgical margins were attained in 76% of patients. Conclusions Administration of multi-agent chemotherapy before prostatectomy was safe in this population. This regimen appeared to have antineoplastic activity as evidenced by PSA reductions in the absence of significant testosterone changes. The benefit of chemotherapy for improving surgical margin rates could not be determined outside of a phase III trial because the effect of patient or surgeon factors could not be dissected from the potential effect of neoadjuvant therapy. Continued study of novel agents in the neoadjuvant setting is warranted because this approach allows for the rapid identification of active agents and for molecular investigation into the mechanism of drug activity.
Measurement of laser-beam profile by using a video camera

Laser-beam profile is an important laser parameter that is frequently ignored because conventional measurement techniques are cumbersome. A technique for accurately and rapidly measuring laser-beam profile with a commercial video camera and oscilloscope is described. Both two-dimensional pictures of the beam and quantitative, one-dimensional beam profiles can be obtained. The technique is particularly well suited for biomedical applications because it is compatible with most pulsed and continuous wave visible lasers, it uses readily available and relatively inexpensive components, and it is easy to implement.