cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The perception of rhythmic units in speech by infants and adults.

Abstract Three studies investigated the perception of rhythmic units in speech to explore the potential role of rhythm in word-level segmentation. Experiment 1 investigated whether adults expect trochaic (strong–weak) units to cohere. The prediction that poststress pauses, which violated the coherence of the trochee, would be unexpected and therefore more noticeable was supported: Subjects were consistently more likely to identify post- than prestress pauses in trisyllabic speech stimuli. In Experiment 2, a variant of a head-turn preference procedure was used to test a similar question with 7- and 9-month-old infants. Nine-month olds showed a significant preference for stimuli in which the coherence of the trochee was preserved, suggesting that they perceived those stimuli as more natural than stimuli in which trochaic sequences were disrupted by pauses. Among 7-month olds, no preferences were observed. A third experiment tested the possibility that 9-month olds use the trochaic stress pattern in word-level segmentation. Subjects distinguished a trochaic sequence that had previously been embedded in a four-syllable string from a novel trochaic sequence, suggesting that they recognized the previously heard trochaic unit as familiar. No such discrimination was present for iambic targets and distracters, suggesting that infants failed to recognize the previously heard iambic sequence.
Color-Aided Visualization of Dorsal Wrist Ganglion Stalks Aids in Complete Arthroscopic Excision

Dorsal wrist ganglia are the most common mass of the upper extremity. Treatment modalities include benign neglect, aspiration, and surgical excision. Arthroscopic excision is a less invasive surgical alternative to open resection with the benefit of visualizing and treating other intra-articular pathology, fewer potential complications, earlier return to activities, and possibly, a more complete resection. This may lead to a lower rate of recurrence, although this has not been proven in the literature. Recurrence depends in part on adequate ganglion stalk visualization and resection. This is often difficult in open and arthroscopic ganglionectomy. This work describes a new technique with improved arthroscopic stalk visualization and ganglion resection using intralesional injection of an inert dye.
Refinement and Quality Assessment of Predicted Protein Structures

In recent years in silico protein structure prediction reached a level where a variety of servers can generate large pools of near-native structures. However, the identification and further refinement of the best structures from the pool of decoys continue to remain problematic. To address these issues we have developed the MUFOLD-MD server that uses the Rosetta software for structure refinement and a molecular dynamics (MD) based ranking (MDR) method for structure selection. The refinement of the selected structures is done by employing Rosetta's relax mode, subject to certain constraints. MDR selects the best structures by testing their relative stability against gradual heating during all atom MD simulations. The MUFOLD-MD server uses three sequential steps consisting of, i.e., structure: 1) generation, 2) refinement and 3) selection. 1) By using sequence-profile alignment (e.g., PSI-BLAST) and profile-profile alignment (e.g., HHSearch) methods, the query sequence is classified as either “hard” or “easy” target. For hard targets, models are generated using the Rosetta 3.2 software (ab initio method) and then ranked by using their Rosetta energy score. For easy targets, models are generated with the Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) method and then ranked using the OPUS_Ca scoring function. 2) The structures (subject to certain constraints) are refined by employing the “relax” mode of Rosetta 3.2. 3) The MDR method is used to select the top 5 structures as the output of the server. Our MUFOLD-MD server was tested in both CASP8 and CASP9 competitions. Based on the official CAP8 results, MUFOLD-MD was ranked as number one server in the Free Modeling category.
Resonance and intermediate-coupling effects in electron scattering with highly charged ions. III. Ca{18+}

Effective collision strengths are presented for all 78 inelastic transitions, including the fine structure, involving the states 1s/sup 2/(/sup 1/S/sub 0/), 1s2s(/sup 3/S/sub 1/,/sup 1/S/sub 0/), 1s2p(/sup 3/P/sub 0,1,2/,/sup 1/P1 ), 1s3s(/sup 3/S/sub 1/,/sup 1/S/sub 0/), and 1s3p(/sup 3/P/sub 0,1,2/,/sup 1/P1 ) in Ca/sup 18 +/. Resonance effects due to autoionization and dielectronic recombination are considered as in earlier papers. Departure from LS coupling, due to relativistic effects, is included with use of the Breit-Pauli approximation. A nine-state distorted-wave approximation is employed for partial waves l,l' 15 to optically allowed transitions is treated by the Coulomb-Bethe method. Dipole oscillator strengths for 28 allowed transitions are also calculated. Resonance and relativistic effects are shown to be important for a number of transitions.
Classification of Landsat images based on spectral and topographic variables for land-cover change detection in Zagros forests

Detection of land-cover changes through time can be complicated because of sensor-specific differences in spatial and spectral resolutions; classified land-cover changes can be due to either real changes on the ground or a switch in sensors used to collect data. This study focused on two objectives: 1 selecting the best predictor variables for the classification of semi-arid Zagros forests given the characteristics of the study area and available data sets and 2 evaluating the application of the random forest RF algorithm as a unified technique for the classification of data sets acquired from different sensors. Three images of the same study area were acquired from the Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper TM sensor in 2009, the Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper ETM+ sensor with Scan Line Corrector SLC in 1999 and the Landsat-2 Multispectral Scanner MSS sensor in 1975. Following image preprocessing, the RF algorithm was applied for variable selection and classification. A test of equivalence was used to compare the overall accuracy of the classified maps from the three sensors. Slope, normalized difference vegetation index NDVI and elevation were determined to be the most important predictor variables for all three images. High overall classification accuracies were achieved for all three images 97.90% for MSS, 95.43% for TM and 95.29% for ETM. The ETM-and TM-derived maps had equivalent overall accuracy and even significantly higher overall accuracy was obtained for the MSS-derived map. The post-classification comparison showed an increase in agriculture and a decrease in forest cover. The selected predictor variables were consistent with ecological reality and showed more details on the changes of the land-cover classes across biophysical variables of the study area through time.
Postoperative ST-Segment Elevation in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Using Holter monitors, 50 patients were monitored for vasospasm following coronary artery bypass surgery. Transient 2 mm ST-segment elevation was considered to be diagnostic or coronary vasospasm. Four patients (8 percent) had evidence of coronary vasospasm. Over 30 variables, including preoperative demographic information and medication, intraoperative technique, and postoperative medication, were subjected to multiple stepwise regression analysis. This analysis failed to show any association between preoperative prophylaxis with either nifedipine or nitrates (or other variables) and the postoperative development of coronary vasospasm. We conclude that the incidence of coronary vasospasm is more common than previously thought, and that a nifedipine or nitrate withdrawal, in this study, was not associated with an increased incidence of postoperative coronary vasospasm.
Prostaglandins and the colon cancer connection

Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths throughout the world. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the few agents that are known to inhibit colorectal tumorigenesis. The mechanisms that underlie this effect are poorly understood. Two recent studies have provided some significant insight. Castellone and colleagues showed that prostaglandin E2 modulates the β-catenin signaling axis, a key pathway for colorectal tumorigenesis. Holla and colleagues showed that prostaglandin E2 might act via a nuclear receptor. These findings shed light on the mechanisms that underlie prostaglandin action, and provide a molecular framework for developing future treatments for colorectal cancer.
Analyzing Changes in Municipal Bond Ratings: A Different Perspective

Do variables that measure economic base diversification, market expansion, population growth, and energy endowment affect municipal bond ratings? To examine this question, we specify and test a linear probability model of changes in municipal bond ratings related to changes in these variables. Using county data for 49 urban areas for 1970 and 1981, we find that changes in each of the variables strongly influence changes in municipal bond ratings. The results suggest that municipal officials and investors can determine the credit condition of a municipality more accurately by using these variables than by using financial accounting variables. The results also indicate that the ratings can represent a unique, market evaluation of the success of local economic development efforts.
A comparative study of the effect of certain factors on the teaching behavior of preservice elementary teachers of science

Undergraduate teacher education programs have long attempted to improve the prospective teacher's competence in implementing new curriculum programs, materials, teaching strategies, etc. The following study suggests that there are components of a lesson, other than program and materials, which may exert enough influence on the interaction patterns between teachers and pupils to be given closer consideration in the design of a teacher education sequence.
Psychological differentiation and the evaluation of juridic information: Cognitive and affective consequences

Abstract The cognitive and evaluative involvements of field dependence-independence in the processing of available information were examined in two experiments. In Experiment 1, ninety-six female undergraduates were assigned to field-dependent and field-independent conditions (via a median split on Embedded Figures Test scores). Half were given information about the trial of a man accused of attempted manslaughter that was suggestive of guilt; the other half received information suggestive of innocence. They were asked to indicate their confidence in the guilt or innocence of the defendant, and to recall arguments from the information they received. Field-dependent subjects were significantly more extreme in their confidence judgments, particularly in the exonerating conditions. They also showed nonsignificantly poorer recall. In Experiment 2, forty-eight subjects from Experiment 1 were given arguments biased in the opposite direction of their original sets. Field-dependent subjects were significantly more likely to shift their confidence judgments and report discomfort when the new information suggested innocence, and to underrecall new information when it suggested guilt. Field-dependent subjects again showed poorer recall. The results of both experiments were discussed in terms of their support for a field-dependence value bias and encoding deficiency.
Effect of prepartum energy intake and postpartum protein source on plasma somatotropin and insulin in lactating cows.

Forty-two Holstein cows were fed a high or low energy diet during the last third of lactation, then fed soybean meal or dried brewers grains in the subsequent lactation. Responses of plasma somatotropin and insulin to arginine were measured at 6 and 15 wk postpartum. Basal somatotropin, response area, and peak value were greater at 6 versus 15 wk of lactation. Insulation responses were greater at 15 wk of lactation. At 6 wk, basal somatotropin was higher (6.1 versus 4.1 ng/ml) in cows fed the low energy diet prepartum. Shape of somatotropin response curves at 6 wk differed between prepartum energy intakes, but response areas were similar. Plasma insulin at 6 wk tended to be higher (1.0 versus .7 ng/ml) in cows fed dried brewers grains. At 15 wk, both insulin and somatotropin response areas tended to be smaller for cows fed dried brewers grains, and shape of insulin response curves differed between protein sources. Of the observed hormonal responses to diet, only 6-wk plasma somatotropin was associated with differences in production parameters. Somatotropin secretion during early lactation appears to respond to prepartum changes in the energy status.
Reading fair trade: political ecological imaginary and the moral economy of fair trade foods

Abstract This paper begins to explore the changing political geographies of alternative development as practiced and envisioned in the global South. Looking specifically at the growing movement and market for fair trade foods, this form of alternative development has become the moral business of latte drinkers and other reflexive consumers in Europe and the US. Fair trade attempts to re-connect producers and consumers economically, politically, and psychologically through the creation of a transnational moral economy. This re-connection is accomplished through material and semiotic commoditization processes that produce fair trade commodities. The semiotic production of these commodities and their traffic in particular ‘political ecological imaginaries’ is essential to the formation of ethical production-consumption links, acting to also politicize consumption and fair trade eaters. Fair trade's moral economy rides the tension between the ethical relationships it fosters and the need for the wily characteristics of enterprise in the construction of transnational trade networks. Bringing recent work on moral geography to bear, constructing this moral economy is an attempt to facilitate a sense of ‘solidarity in difference’ in the experiences of global economic inequalities between North and South and growers and eaters. At the same time, fair trade networks look to produce an expansive ‘spatial dynamics of concern’ in the fashioning of ethical places of production and consumption. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the continuing dilemmas critical for fair trade and suggestions for further empirical study of fair trade provisioning and alternative development networks.
Sensitivity of wild type and recombination-deficient strains of Drosophila melanogaster to ultraviolet radiation.

Abstract The sensitivity of Drosophila melanogaster to ultraviolet light has been studied in wild type and recombination-deficient strains. Survival was measured as the proportion of irradiated embryos or larvae which developed to adult flies. In view of the fact that males of this species do not participate in meiotic recombination, emphasis was placed on the relative sensitivity of males and females. The results show that young wild type male larvae are more sensitive to UV radiation than are young female larvae. This difference in sensitivity, however, is not apparent in some recombination-deficient strains. In addition, young embryos of the recombination-deficient strain Df(3)sbd 105 / T(2;3)Xa are exceptionally sensitive to UV radiation.
Interrogating tumor metabolism and tumor microenvironments using molecular positron emission tomography imaging. Theranostic approaches to improve therapeutics.

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive molecular imaging technology that is becoming increasingly important for the measurement of physiologic, biochemical, and pharmacological functions at cellular and molecular levels in patients with cancer. Formation, development, and aggressiveness of tumor involve a number of molecular pathways, including intrinsic tumor cell mutations and extrinsic interaction between tumor cells and the microenvironment. Currently, evaluation of these processes is mainly through biopsy, which is invasive and limited to the site of biopsy. Ongoing research on specific target molecules of the tumor and its microenvironment for PET imaging is showing great potential. To date, the use of PET for diagnosing local recurrence and metastatic sites of various cancers and evaluation of treatment response is mainly based on [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG), which measures glucose metabolism. However, [18F]FDG is not a target-specific PET tracer and does not give enough insight into tumor biology and/or its vulnerability to potential treatments. Hence, there is an increasing need for the development of selective biologic radiotracers that will yield specific biochemical information and allow for noninvasive molecular imaging. The possibility of cancer-associated targets for imaging will provide the opportunity to use PET for diagnosis and therapy response monitoring (theranostics) and thus personalized medicine. This article will focus on the review of non-[18F]FDG PET tracers for specific tumor biology processes and their preclinical and clinical applications.
Congregation of Orthopoxvirus Virions in Cytoplasmic A-Type Inclusions Is Mediated by Interactions of a Bridging Protein (A26p) with a Matrix Protein (ATIp) and a Virion Membrane-Associated Protein (A27p)

Some orthopoxviruses, e.g., the cowpox, ectromelia, and raccoonpox viruses, form large, discrete cytoplasmic inclusions within which mature virions (MVs) are embedded by a process called occlusion. These inclusions, which may protect occluded MVs in the environment, are composed of aggregates of the A-type inclusion protein (ATIp), which is truncated in orthopoxviruses such as vaccinia virus (VACV) and variola virus that fail to form inclusions. In addition to an intact ATIp, occlusion requires the A26 protein (A26p). Although VACV contains a functional A26p, determined by complementation of a cowpox virus occlusion-defective mutant, its role in occlusion was unknown. We found that restoration of the full-length ATI gene was sufficient for VACV inclusion formation and the ensuing occlusion of MVs. A26p was present in inclusions even when virion assembly was inhibited, suggesting a direct interaction of A26p with ATIp. Analysis of a panel of ATIp mutants indicated that the C-terminal repeat region was required for inclusion formation and the N-terminal domain for interaction with A26p and occlusion. A26p is tethered to MVs via interaction with the A27 protein (A27p); A27p was not required for association of A26p with ATIp but was necessary for occlusion. In addition, the C-terminal domain of A26p, which mediates A26p-A27p interactions, was necessary but insufficient for occlusion. Taken together, the data suggest a model for occlusion in which A26p has a bridging role between ATIp and A27p, and A27p provides a link to the MV membrane.
Turbulent Lifetimes in Mirror Machines

A quasilinear model is developed describing the time evolution of a mirror-confined plasma which is unstable to the drift-cyclotron loss-cone mode. Good correlation is obtained with experiments with and without an external stream of cold plasma.
Raman spectroscopic study of Nd-doped 10Na2O–90TeO2 glasses

Tellurite glass systems have important commercial applications in optical communication due to its high refractive index, good infrared transmittance, and high optical nonlinearity. Previously, we studied optical absorption. A local Nd-O structural transition, in the vicinity of 1 mol% Nd2O3, was found; the asymmetry of Nd-O ligand field was at maximum whereas, the degree of Nd-O bond covalency was in a minimum according to the Judd-Ofelt theory derived intensity parameters of the oscillator strength. In this study, we report our investigation on the structural change in the host matrix, 10Na2O-90TeO2, as a function of Nd2O3 concentration using Raman spectroscopy technique. Over the Nd2O3 concentration region from 0.5 to 2.5 mol%, our Raman spectroscopic study showed that the addition of Nd into tellurite glass converts TeO4 trigonal bipyramid (tbp) units to TeO3 trigonal pyramid (tp) units, and possibly some terminal TeO3+1 polyhedra. The Nd effect on the speciation of tellurite structural groups is similar to that of other metal cations of monovalent, divalent, and trivalent. The previously observed Nd-O local structural transition was also found in the current study. A transition, near 1 mol% Nd2O3, was observed in the correlations, both band position and intensity, between two Raman stretching vibration bandsmore » near 600 and 730 cm-1. The low frequency band represents the stretching vibration mode of TeO4 tbp units and the high frequency band represnts the stretching vibration mode of TeO3 trigonal pyramid (tp) units. Therefore, the observed transition may suggest the formation of TeO3+1 polyhedron units in the glasses with Nd2O3 concentration greater than 1 mol%. Near 465 cm-1, the bending vibration band for Te-O-Te linkages showed a significant decrease for the glass with 2.5 mol% Nd2O3, suggesting a considerable breakage of the tellurite network.« less
Genetic transformation in Drosophila by microinjection of DNA.

THE experiments described here provide new evidence for DNA-induced gene-specific alterations in Drosophila. Host embryos homozygous for recessive alleles of several genes were treated with wild-type DNA by embryo microinjection. Several of the adults which developed from these injected embryos exhibited phenotypic alterations whereas none of the controls treated with host-type DNA showed any altered phenotype. In addition, the alterations were in two cases transmitted to the progeny of the injected flies, so that altered stocks could be established. If this represents genetic transformation and if it can be made to work routinely in eukaryotes, it promises to be equally or more useful than the corresponding process in prokaryotes, since it could be used to bioassay specific parts of the genome which are currently being isolated by various techniques.
No Learner Too Far: A Comparative Study of the Development of Guidelines for Distance Education Library Services in Australia

This paper is a comparative study relating to the development of global education policy. It examines the origins of the distance learning library services guidelines developed in Australia by the then Library Association of Australia (LAA), and those by the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) division of the American Libraries Association (ALA) and by the Library Association (LA) of the United Kingdom. While the guidelines in the United States grew out of efforts to provide quality library services for an expanding population of off-campus college students, and Britain's perhaps out of the needs for an expanded approach to tertiary education, the Open University, the language in these guidelines would expand to meet criteria for a newer era locally. The paper discusses the various conditions under which guidelines for distance education library services originated and evolved in Australia and their influence elsewhere.
Residues of Intertwining Operators for Classical Groups

Let be a symplectic or even orthogonal group over a p-adic field F, and M the Levi factor of a maximal parabolic subgroup of . Suppose that M has the shape of three blocks of the same size. Let be a supercuspidal representation of M. In this paper, we give a simple explicit expression for the residue of the standard intertwining operator for the parabolic induction of from M to G.
The mechanochemistry of muscular contraction. I. The isometric twitch.

The dependence of PC1 and ATP1 dephosphorylation on the number of isometric twitches in the iodoacetate-nitrogen-poisoned muscle has been examined. There is no net dephosphorylation of adenosinetriphosphate. PC dephosphorylation varies linearly with the number of twitches and produces equivalent amounts of C1 and P1i.1 Iodoacetate concentrations which block the enzyme, creatine phosphokinase, render the muscle non-contractile. A value of 0.286 µmole/gm. for the amount of PC split per twitch is obtained which gives a value of -9.62 kcal./mole for the "physiological" heat of hydrolysis of PC in agreement with expectations based on thermochemical data. In a single maximal isometric twitch it is estimated that 2 to 3 PC molecules are dephosphorylated per myosin molecule, or 1 per actin molecule. The results support the view that under the conditions of these experiments PC dephosphorylation is the net energy yielding reaction. The in vivo stoichiometry of the mechano-chemistry of contraction revealed by these studies on the one hand, and the known stoichiometry of actin polymerization and its coupling to the creatine phosphokinase system on the other are strikingly similar and strongly suggest that the reversible polymerization of actin is involved in a major way in the contraction-relaxation-recovery cycle of muscle.
Sex and seasonal co-variation of arginine vasotocin (AVT) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the brain of the halfspotted goby

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and arginine vasotocin (AVT) are critical regulators of reproductive behaviors that exhibit tremendous plasticity, but co-variation in discrete GnRH and AVT neuron populations among sex and season are only partially described in fishes. We used immunocytochemistry to examine sexual and temporal variations in neuron number and size in three GnRH and AVT cell groups in relation to reproductive activities in the halfspotted goby (Asterropteryx semipunctata). GnRH-immunoreactive (-ir) somata occur in the terminal nerve, preoptic area, and midbrain tegmentum, and AVT-ir somata within parvocellular, magnocellular, and gigantocellular regions of the preoptic area. Sex differences were found among all GnRH and AVT cell groups, but were time-period dependent. Seasonal variations also occurred in all GnRH and AVT cell groups, with coincident elevations most prominent in females during the peak- and non-spawning periods. Sex and temporal variability in neuropeptide-containing neurons are correlated with the goby's seasonally-transient reproductive physiology, social interactions, territoriality and parental care. Morphological examination of GnRH and AVT neuron subgroups within a single time period provides detailed information on their activities among sexes, whereas seasonal comparisons provide a fine temporal sequence to interpret the proximate control of reproduction and the evolution of social behavior.
Risk factors for serious morbidity in term nonanomalous neonates

Objective The purpose of this study was to identify ante- and intrapartum risk factors for serious morbidity in term nonanomalous neonates. Study Design We analyzed the first 5000 subjects within an ongoing prospective cohort study of consecutive term births from 2010-2012. The primary outcome was a composite of serious neonatal morbidity defined as ≥1 cases of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, meconium aspiration with pulmonary hypertension, requirement of hypothermia therapy, respiratory distress syndrome, seizures, sepsis or suspected sepsis, or death. We calculated odds ratios for the composite morbidity that is associated with ante- and intrapartum factors. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios. Results Of 5000 term nonanomalous births, 393 had the composite morbidity. Significant risk factors for morbidity were nulliparity, presence of meconium, first stage of labor >95th percentile, second stage of labor >95th percentile, pregestational diabetes mellitus, chronic hypertension, obesity, maternal intrapartum fever, and cesarean delivery. In contrast, induction of labor and gestational age ≥41 weeks were not associated with significant morbidity. Conclusion We identified several significant risk factors for serious morbidity in term nonanomalous neonates. Clinicians may use these risk factors to help anticipate the potential need for additional neonatal support at delivery.
Phenomenology of a light scalar: the dilaton

We make use of the language of nonlinear realizations to analyze electroweak symmetry breaking scenarios in which a light dilaton emerges from the breaking of a nearly conformal strong dynamics and compare the phenomenology of the dilaton to that of the well-motivated light composite Higgs scenario. We argue that - in addition to departures in the decay/production rates into massless gauge bosons mediated by the conformal anomaly - characterizing features of the light dilaton scenario are enhancements in off-shell events at high invariant mass involving two longitudinally polarized vector bosons and a dilaton, and tree-level flavor violating processes. Accommodating both electroweak precision measurements and flavor constraints appears especially challenging in the ambiguous scenario in which the Higgs and the dilaton fields strongly mix. We show that warped higgsless models of electroweak symmetry breaking are explicit and tractable realizations of this limiting case. The relation between the naive radion profile often adopted in the study of holographic realizations of the light dilaton scenario and the actual dynamical dilaton field is clarified in the Appendix.
Comparing Therapies for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Prevention and Treatment

OBJECTIVE:To review the literature concerning the efficacy of calcium, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators, and calcitonin in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.DATA SOURCES:Articles were identified through searches of the MEDLINE (1966–July 2002), EMBASE (1980–July 2002), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–July 2002) databases using the key words osteoporosis, postmenopausal, fracture, calcium, vitamin D, hormone replacement therapy, bisphosphonates, alendronate, risedronate, raloxifene, and calcitonin. Additional references were located through review of the bibliographies of the articles cited. Searches were not limited by time restriction, language, or human subject.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:Experimental and observational studies of the use of calcium and antiresorptive therapies for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis were selected. Articles evaluating bone mineral density (...
Long-term effects of orthognathic surgery on the temporomandibular joint: Comparison of rigid and nonrigid fixation methods

Sixty-six patients were examined between 2 and 9.5 years after bilateral sagittal split mandibular ramus osteotomy. Thirty-two patients had nonrigid fixation consisting of superior border wires and intermaxillary fixation, while 34 patients had rigid plate fixation of the osteotomy sites with immediate function. There were no demonstrable long-term differences between the two groups with respect to mandibular vertical opening, crepitance, and temporomandibular joint pain. Masticatory muscle pain and temporomandibular joint clicking improved with rigid fixation and worsened with nonrigid fixation.
Effects of host tree species on attractiveness of tunneling pine engravers, Ips pini, to conspecifics and insect predators

The effect of host tree species on the attractiveness of tunneling Ips pini to flying beetles and their insect predators in Wisconsin was investigated. Tree species influenced the flight response of both predators and prey in the same rank order. Ips pini and its major predators, Thanasimus dubius and Platysoma cylindrica, were more attracted to I. pini males boring into bark-phloem disks of Pinus strobus L. than Pinus banksiana Lamb, and least attracted to I. pini males boring into bark-phloem disks of Pinus resinosa. Sources of within-tree, between-tree, and between-species variation in the degree of attraction elicited by tunneling beetles were quantified. A bioassay for evaluating host tree effects on phero- mone based communication among bark beetles under conditions of controlled beetle entry was developed. Possible mechanisms of host species effects on the dynamics of predator and prey interactions in bark beetle ecology are discussed.
Communication, Communication, Communication: The Three Rules of Large-Group Planning.

One college's commitment to large-group planning resulted in a partnership between academic affairs and student affairs that has created positive student learning outcomes beyond the expected.
Subunit composition and developmental regulation of hepatic protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)

The prototypical form of the Ser/Thr phosphatase PP2A is a heterotrimeric complex consisting of catalytic subunit (C), and A and B regulatory subunits. C-terminal methylation of PP2A-C influences holoenzyme assembly. Using late gestation development in the rat as an in vivo model of liver growth, we found that PP2A-C protein and activity levels were higher in fetal compared to adult liver extracts. However, unmethylated PP2A-C was much higher in the adult extracts. In MonoQ fractionation, unmethylated C eluted separately from methylated C, which was present predominantly in ABC heterotrimers. Gel filtration chromatography revealed that some unmethylated C was present as free catalytic subunit in adult liver. In addition, a significant proportion of PP2A was in inactive forms that may involve novel regulatory subunits. Our results indicate that methylation of PP2A-C appears to be a primary determinant for the biogenesis of PP2A heterotrimers.
The genomic landscape of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma: whole genome sequencing of ten patients

// David G. Darcy 1, 2 , Rachel Chiaroni-Clarke 1 , Jennifer M. Murphy 1, 2 , Joshua N. Honeyman 1, 2 , Umesh Bhanot 3 , Michael P. LaQuaglia 2 , Sanford M. Simon 1 1 Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA 2 Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA 3 Pathology Core, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA Correspondence to: Sanford M. Simon, e-mail: simon@rockefeller.edu Keywords: Fibrolamellar, hepatocellular carcinoma, cancer, genome, sequencing Received: October 13, 2014 Accepted: November 11, 2014 Published: December 22, 2014 ABSTRACT Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma is a rare, malignant liver tumor that often arises in the otherwise normal liver of adolescents and young adults. Previous studies have focused on biomarkers and comparisons to traditional hepatocellular carcinoma, and have yielded little data on the underlying pathophysiology. We performed whole genome sequencing on paired tumor and normal samples from 10 patients to identify recurrent mutations and structural variations that could predispose to oncogenesis. There are relatively few coding, somatic mutations in this cancer, putting it on the low end of the mutational spectrum. Aside from a previously described heterozygous deletion on chromosome 19 that encodes for a functional, chimeric protein, there were no other recurrent structural variations that contribute to the tumor genotype. The lack of a second-hit mutation in the genomic landscape of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma makes the DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion protein the best target for diagnostic and therapeutic advancements. The mutations, altered pathways and structural variants that characterized fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma were distinct from those in hepatocellular carcinoma, further defining it as a distinct carcinoma.
A fully-integrated optical duobinary transceiver in a 130nm SOI CMOS technology

A 5-Gb/s fully-integrated optical duobinary transceiver front-end is demonstrated in a 130-nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS technology. A photonic microring modulator is shown to support 5 Gb/s modulation through the use of duobinary electronic modulation. Duobinary modulation is proposed to mitigate opto-electronic bandwidth limitations for the photonic ring modulator. The circuit illustrates an NRZ data eye of 500 µW amplitude and consumes 115 mW of power for both the analog and digital portions of the transmitter.
CPM optimization for low-complexity serial concatenated CPM

Serial concatenated continuous phase modulation (SCCPM) combines the constant envelope and bandwidth efficiency of continuous phase modulation (CPM) with the performance of serially concatenated codes making it attractive for satellite communication links with saturated transmitter amplifiers. Iterative demodulation and decoding of SCCPM provides excellent performance with simple outer codes by combining the structures of the modulation and the code. Because of the large space of CPM parameters, finding good SCCPM schemes with desired bandwidth efficiency and reasonable complexity is challenging. We present a systematic, simulation-based approach to this optimization problem with special attention to the interesting trade-off between the CPM bandwidth efficiency and the outer code rate.
Reactions of Linear Polymers with Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide

Effect of nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide in presence and absence of air, ozone, and near-uv radiation has been discussed. Random chain scission and crosslinks with respective groups take place and small molecular weight compounds are evolved. Degradation is sensitive to polymer and crystallinity, size, and size distribution.
Engineering Escherichia coli Cells for Cellobiose Assimilation through a Phosphorolytic Mechanism

We report here the first engineering effort for Escherichia coli biocatalysts to assimilate cellobiose through a phosphorolytic mechanism. Cytoplasmic expression of the Saccharophagus cellobiose phosphorylase was shown to enable E. coli to use cellobiose. Subsequent knockout and complementation studies provided solid evidence that the endogenous LacY was responsible for the transport of cellobiose.
ANALYSIS OF THE FUEL ECONOMY BENEFIT OF DRIVETRAIN HYBRIDIZATION

Parallel- and series-configured hybrid vehicles likely feasible in next decade arc defined and evaluated using NREL's flexible ADvanced VehIcle SimulatOR ADVISOR. Fuel economics of these two diesel-powered hybrid vehicles are compared to a comparable-technology diesel- powered internal-combustion-engine vehicle. Sensitivities of these fuel economies to various vehicle and component parameters are determined and differences among them are explained. The fuel economy of the parallel hybrid defined here is 24% better than the internal- combustion-engine vehicle and 4% better than the series hybrid.
On graphs for which every planar immersion lifts to a knotted spatial embedding

We call a graph G intrinsically linkable if there is a way to assign over/under information to any planar immersion of G such that the associated spatial embedding contains a pair of nonsplittably linked cycles. We define intrinsically knottable graphs analogously. We show there exist intrinsically linkable graphs that are not intrinsically linked. (Recall a graph is intrinsically linked if it contains a pair of nonsplittably linked cycles in every spatial embedding.) We also show there are intrinsically knottable graphs that are not intrinsically knotted. In addition, we demonstrate that the property of being intrinsically linkable (knottable) is not preserved by vertex expansion.
An evaluation of an educational intervention in psychology of injury for athletic training students.

Abstract Context: ”Psychosocial Intervention and Referral„ is 1 of the 12 content areas in athletic training education programs, but knowledge gained and skill usage after an educational interventi...
Host-Fish Identifications for Two Gulf Coast-Drainage Freshwater Mussels, Lampsilis straminea (Southern Fatmucket) and Quadrula succissa (Purple Pigtoe)

Abstract Host-fish requirements are unknown for many freshwater mussels, which impedes conservation efforts. We conducted host-fish trials for 2 mussels, Lampsilis straminea (Southern Fatmucket) and Quadrula succissa (Purple Pigtoe). Our objectives were to verify techniques by successfully transforming glochidia from a long-term—brooding mussel with known hosts (L. straminea) and to identify hosts for a short-term—brooding mussel with no confirmed hosts (Q. succissa). Results of the trials confirmed known hosts for L. straminea, identified 4 new hosts for L. straminea, and identified 3 ictalurid hosts for Q. succissa. Based on results of this research, additional host trials are needed for Q. succissa and should focus on ictalurids. This study provided information necessary for the management and conservation of mussels with previously unknown hosts in southeast Alabama and west Florida Gulf Coast drainages, while confirming available resources and techniques used by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conserva...
Spatiotemporal Discordance in Five Common Measures of Rurality for US Counties and Applications for Health Disparities Research in Older Adults.

Introduction: Rural populations face numerous barriers to health, including poorer health care infrastructure, access to care, and other sociodemographic factors largely associated with rurality. Multiple measures of rurality used in the biomedical and public health literature can help assess rural-urban health disparities and may impact the observed associations between rurality and health. Furthermore, understanding what makes a place truly “rural” versus “urban” may vary from region to region in the United States. Purpose: The objectives of this study are to compare and contrast five common measures of rurality and determine how well-correlated these measures are at the national, regional, and divisional level, as well as to assess patterns in the correlations between the prevalence of obesity in the population aged 60+ and each of the five measures of rurality at the regional and divisional level. Methods: Five measures of rurality were abstracted from the US Census and US Department of Agriculture (USDA) to characterize US counties. Obesity data in the population aged 60+ were abstracted from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Spearman’s rank correlations were used to quantify the associations among the five rurality measurements at the national, regional, and divisional level, as defined by the US Census Bureau. Geographic information systems were used to visually illustrate temporal, spatial, and regional variability. Results: Overall, Spearman’s rank correlations among the five measures ranged from 0.521 (percent urban-Urban Influence Code) to 0.917 (Rural-Urban Continuum Code-Urban Influence Code). Notable discrepancies existed in these associations by Census region and by division. The associations between measures of rurality and obesity in the 60+ population varied by rurality measure used and by region. Conclusion: This study is among the first to systematically assess the spatial, temporal, and regional differences and similarities among five commonly used measures of rurality in the United States. There are important, quantifiable distinctions in defining what it means to be a rural county depending on both the geographic region and the measurement used. These findings highlight the importance of developing and selecting an appropriate rurality metric in health research.
Teacher Roles of Questioning in Early Elementary Science Classrooms: A Framework Promoting Student Cognitive Complexities in Argumentation

The purpose of this study was to investigate the various roles that early elementary teachers adopt when questioning, to scaffold dialogic interaction and students’ cognitive responses for argumentative practices over time. Teacher questioning is a pivotal contributing factor that shapes the role teachers play in promoting dialogic interaction in argumentative practice and that different roles serve different functions for promoting students’ conceptual understanding. The multiple-case study was designed as a follow-up study after a 4-year professional development program that emphasized an argument-based inquiry approach. Data sources included 30 lessons focusing on whole class discussion from three early elementary teachers’ classes. Data were analyzed through two approaches: (1) constant comparative method and (2) enumerative approach. This study conceptualized four critical roles of teacher questioning—dispenser, moderator, coach, and participant—in light of the ownership of ideas and activities. The findings revealed two salient changes in teachers’ use of questions and the relationships between teachers’ question-asking and students’ cognitive responses: (1) teachers increasingly used multiple roles in establishing argumentative discourse as they persistently implemented an argument-based inquiry approach, and (2) as teachers used multiple roles in establishing patterns of questioning and framing classroom interactions, higher levels of student cognitive responses were promoted. This study suggests that an essential component of teacher professional development should include the study of the various roles that teachers can play when questioning for establishing dialogic interaction in argumentation and that this development should consist of ongoing training with systematic support.
Making Coverage Decisions

This article reports on the proceedings of ECRI's 10th Annual Conference on Healthcare Policy, Law, and Methodology, held October 29-30, 2002, in Plymouth Meeting, PA. The conference discussion focused on how evidence reviews based on the relatively new science of research synthesis will play an increasingly important role not only in the practice of medicine but also in the business of health care. The PDF for the above title, published in the May 2003 issue of EBRI Notes, also contains the fulltext of another May 2003 EBRI Notes article abstracted on SSRN: "Social Security Actuarial Balance and the Labor Force Participation Rate."
New Insights on PI3K/AKT Pathway Alterations and Clinical Outcomes in Breast Cancer

PI3K/AKT signaling pathway plays an important role in tumorigenesis and regulates critical cellular functions including survival, proliferation and metabolism. PIK3CA mutations and AKT activation by phosphorylation (pAKT) are often detected in many cancers and especially at high frequencies in breast cancer. Mounting data suggest that PIK3CA mutations or pAKT are mostly associated with better or insignificant outcomes in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) early stage breast cancer and tend to be with worse prognosis in ER- disease. pAKT expression has been identified to predict paclitaxel chemotherapy benefit in node-positive breast cancer. Preclinical and neoadjuvant trial data suggest that PIK3CA alterations confer resistance to HER2-targeted therapy and are associated with lower pathological complete response (pCR) rate in HER2-positive breast cancer. However, recent results from randomized clinical trials of adjuvant and metastatic settings show that patients with mutant and wildtype PIK3CA tumors derived similar benefit from anti-HER2 therapy. This article, with our new insights, aims to decipher the mixed data and discusses the influence of the potential confounding factors in the assessments. We also share our views for validation of PI3K/AKT alterations in relation to clinical outcome in the context of specific breast cancer subtypes and treatment modalities towards further advance of the precision medicine for breast cancer treatment.
Distance Education Faculty and Librarian Collaboration: Developing Technological Skills of School Librarian Candidates

LibGuides, as a method of creating pathfinders for instruction of information literacy and content management has long been used by academic libraries, but has not been widely used by school libraries. This article describes a collaborative plan between a distance education librarian and a professor of school library media using LibGuides to overhaul a print pathfinder project in a reference sources for youth course. The methodology, results of the products, and student feedback from the assignment are discussed. The project exemplifies potential collaborative efforts between academic distance education librarians and school library media instructors.