cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Continued fractions for square series generating functions

We consider new series expansions for variants of the so-termed ordinary geometric square series generating functions originally defined in the recent article titled “Square Series Generating Function Transformations” ( arXiv:1609.02803 ). Whereas the original square series transformations article adapts known generating function transformations to construct integral representations for these square series functions enumerating the square powers of $$q^{n^2}$$ for some fixed non-zero q with $$|q| < 1$$ , we study the expansions of these special series through power series generated by Jacobi-type continued fractions, or J-fractions. We prove new exact expansions of the hth convergents to these continued fraction series and show that the limiting case of these convergent generating functions exists as $$h \rightarrow \infty $$ . We also prove new infinite q-series representations of special square series expansions involving square-power terms of the series parameter q, the q-Pochhammer symbol, and double sums over the q-binomial coefficients. Applications of the new results we prove within the article include new q-series representations for the ordinary generating functions of the special sequences, $$r_p(n)$$ , and $$\sigma _1(n)$$ , as well as parallels to the examples of the new integral representations for theta functions, series expansions of infinite products and partition function generating functions, and related unilateral special function series cited in the first square series transformations article.
Effects of Material Touch-Sounds on Perceived Quality of Surfaces

Materials for the vehicle interior are of specific interest to the customer. They are not only needed to fulfil technical functions, but are in direct focus of the customer’s perception. The perceived quality is a function of all sensory data collected by the human perceptual system: Surfaces express design intent and craftsmanship by their visual appearance. Haptic features supervene when materials are touched. And even smell has an influence on the perception of ambience. Although sound is generated nearly every time when fingers slide across the surface, touch sounds have been disregarded so far. In order to address this issue, a method has been developed for standardized generation of touch sounds. It includes simulation of realistic finger force, touch area and sliding velocity. Sounds generated on typical flat specimen of steering wheel materials have been recorded. Sounds were played back to participants under exclusive auditory conditions. The influence of psycho-physical parameters and iconic sound features on perceived quality has been investigated. Furthermore, the interaction of sound sensation with visual and haptic features could be studied. Results demonstrate that the sound excited by fingers sliding across a surface contains essential information about the nature and the quality of materials applied. As an example, the auditory roughness can modify the perceived haptic roughness of a surface. A consequent consideration of surface touch sounds enables choice of materials with maximized multi-sensory harmony.
CHRONIC SUPPRESSION WITH ORAL ANTIBIOTICS INCREASES INFECTION-FREE SURVIVORSHIP IN PERIPROSTHETIC JOINT INFECTIONS

Background The clinical benefit of chronic suppression with oral antibiotics as a salvage treatment for periprosthetic joint infection is unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare infection-free prosthetic survival rates between patients who received chronic oral antibiotics and those who did not following irrigation and debridement with polyethylene exchange or two-stage revision for periprosthetic joint infection. Methods We reviewed the records on all irrigation and debridement procedures with polyethylene exchange and two-stage revisions performed at our institution from 1996 to 2010 for hip or knee periprosthetic joint infection. Of 625 patients treated with a total of 655 eligible revisions, ninety-two received chronic oral antibiotics for a minimum of six months and were eligible for inclusion in our study. These patients were compared with a matched cohort (ratio of 1:3) who did not receive chronic oral antibiotics. Results The five-year infection-free prosthetic survival rate was 68.5% (95% confidence interval = 59.2% to 79.3%) for the antibiotic-suppression group and 41.1% (95% CI = 34.9% to 48.5%) for the non-suppression group (hazard ratio = 0.63, p = 0.008). Stratification by the type of surgery and the infecting organism showed a higher five-year survival rate for the patients in the suppression group who underwent irrigation and debridement with polyethylene exchange (64.7%) compared with those in the non-suppression group who underwent irrigation and debridement with polyethylene exchange (30.4%, p Conclusions Chronic suppression with oral antibiotics increased the infection-free prosthetic survival rate following surgical treatment for periprosthetic joint infection. Patients who underwent irrigation and debridement with polyethylene exchange and those who had a Staphylococcus aureus infection had the greatest benefit.
Stress Relaxation Studies of the Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers

Extensive studies of the viscoelastic properties of polymers undertaken in the author's laboratory by means of the method of stress relaxation are here reviewed. The discussion is divided into four parts: chemical stress relaxation, stress relaxation in amorphous polymers, stress relaxation in crystalline polymers, and stress relaxation in certain natural polymers and polyelectrolytes. Mathematical description of the phenomena are presented in simple form. The relation between structure and viscoelastic properties of polymers are discussed and a rather complete over‐all picture of these phenomena seems to be emerging.
Sparsity/undersampling tradeoffs in anisotropic undersampling, with applications in MR imaging/spectroscopy

We study anisotropic undersampling schemes like those used in multi-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and MR imaging, which sample exhaustively in certain time dimensions and randomly in others. Our analysis shows that anisotropic undersampling schemes are equivalent to certain block-diagonal measurement systems. We develop novel exact formulas for the sparsity/undersampling tradeoffs in such measurement systems. Our formulas predict finite-N phase transition behavior differing substantially from the well known asymptotic phase transitions for classical Gaussian undersampling. Extensive empirical work shows that our formulas accurately describe observed finite-N behavior, while the usual formulas based on universality are substantially inaccurate. We also vary the anisotropy, keeping the total number of samples fixed, and for each variation we determine the precise sparsity/undersampling tradeoff (phase transition). We show that, other things being equal, the ability to recover a sparse object decreases with an increasing number of exhaustively-sampled dimensions.
Some applications of Gabai's internal hierarchy

Any Haken 3-manifold (possibly with boundary consisting of tori) can be transformed into a surface × S^1 by a series of splitting and regluing along incompressible surfaces. This fact was proved by Gabai as an application of his sutured manifold theory. The first half of this paper provides a few technical details in the proof. In the second half of this paper, some applications of Gabaiʼs theorem to Heegaard Floer homology are given. We refine the known results about the Thurson norm and fibrations. We also give some classification results for Floer simple knots in manifolds with positive b_1.
Cascades: A View from Audience

Cascades on social and information networks have been a tremendously popular subject of study in the past decade, and there is a considerable literature on phenomena such as diffusion mechanisms, virality, cascade prediction, and peer network effects. Against the backdrop of this research, a basic question has received comparatively little attention: how desirable are cascades on a social media platform from the point of view of users' While versions of this question have been considered from the perspective of the producers of cascades, any answer to this question must also take into account the effect of cascades on their audience --- the viewers of the cascade who do not directly participate in generating the content that launched it. In this work, we seek to fill this gap by providing a consumer perspective of information cascades. Users on social and information networks play the dual role of producers and consumers, and our work focuses on how users perceive cascades as consumers. Starting from this perspective, we perform an empirical study of the interaction of Twitter users with retweet cascades. We measure how often users observe retweets in their home timeline, and observe a phenomenon that we term the Impressions Paradox: the share of impressions for cascades of size k decays much more slowly than frequency of cascades of size k. Thus, the audience for cascades can be quite large even for rare large cascades. We also measure audience engagement with retweet cascades in comparison to non-retweeted or organic content. Our results show that cascades often rival or exceed organic content in engagement received per impression. This result is perhaps surprising in that consumers didn't opt in to see tweets from these authors. Furthermore, although cascading content is widely popular, one would expect it to eventually reach parts of the audience that may not be interested in the content. Motivated by the tension in these empirical findings, we posit a simple theoretical model that focuses on the effect of cascades on the audience (rather than the cascade producers). Our results on this model highlight the balance between retweeting as a high-quality content selection mechanism and the role of network users in filtering irrelevant content. In particular, the results suggest that together these two effects enable the audience to consume a high quality stream of content in the presence of cascades.
Evaluation of automated vehicles encountering pedestrians at unsignalized crossings

Interactions between vehicles and pedestrians have always been a major problem in traffic safety. Experienced human drivers are able to analyze the environment and choose driving strategies that will help them avoid crashes. What is not yet clear, however, is how automated vehicles will interact with pedestrians. This paper proposes a new method for evaluating the safety and feasibility of the driving strategy of automated vehicles when encountering unsignalized crossings. MobilEye® sensors installed on buses in Ann Arbor, Michigan, collected data on 2,973 valid crossing events. A stochastic interaction model was then created using a multivariate Gaussian mixture model. This model allowed us to simulate the movements of pedestrians reacting to an oncoming vehicle when approaching unsignalized crossings, and to evaluate the passing strategies of automated vehicles. A simulation was then conducted to demonstrate the evaluation procedure.
The impact of three dimensional MHD instabilities on the generation of warm dense matter using a MA-class linear transformer driver

Abstract Warm dense matter is difficult to generate since it corresponds to a state of matter which pressure is order of magnitude larger than can be handled by natural materials. A diamond anvil can be used to pressurize matter up to one Gbar, this matter is at high density but at room temperature. High power lasers and heavy ion beams can generate warm dense matter on time scales where measuring quasi-static transport coefficients such as viscosity or heat conduction proves difficult since both experimental techniques relies on inertial confinement. We present here a third method to generate warm dense matter. It uses a pulsed-power driver which current rise time is substantially shortened by using a plasma opening switch, limiting the development of electrothermal instabilities. The switch relies on the implosion of a gas puff Z-pinch which carries most of the discharge current until the pinch reaches the sample. After that, the sample is compressed until it reaches the warm dense matter regime. Three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics computations show that if the density of the gas is low enough no detectable instabilities (e.g. kinks and sausages modes) impede the remainder of the implosion.
EFFECT OF HYPOGLYCAEMIA ON TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY REVISION INCIDENCE

Introduction It is well established that diabetic patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are more susceptible to infection, problematic wound healing, and have overall higher complication rates. However there is a paucity in current literature investigating the effects of hypoglycemia on TKA. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hypoglycemia on TKA revision (rTKA) incidence analyzing a national private payer database for procedures performed between 2007 and 2015 Q1. Methods A retrospective review of a national private payer database within the PearlDiver Supercomputer application (Warsaw, IN, USA) for patients undergoing TKA with blood glucose levels ranging from 20 to 219 mg/ml, in increments of 10 mg/ml, was conducted. Patients who underwent TKA were identified by Current Procedural Terminology (CPT)-27447 and International Classification of Disease (ICD) code 81.54. Glucose ranges were identified by filtering for lab identifier values unique to the PearlDiver database. Revision TKA and causes for revision, including mechanical loosening, failure/break, periprosthetic fracture, osteolysis, infection, pain, arthrofibrosis, instability, and trauma) were identified with CPT and ICD-9 Codes. Statistical analysis of this study was primarily descriptive. Results Our query returned a total of 244,153 TKAs, of which 11,767 (4.8%) were revised. Most TKAs were performed with a glucose range of 70–99 mg/ml (26.3%), followed by 100–109 mg/ml (18.6%). Patients with TKAs performed with a glucose range of 20–29 mg/ml had the highest rate of revision (15.2%) (p<0.001) following the index procedure. Infection was the most common cause of revision among all studied glucose ranges (p<0.001). Conclusion Infection remains one of the most common causes of rTKA irrespective of glucose level. Our results suggest that hypoglycemia may increase revision rates among TKA patients. Tight glycemic control prior to and during surgery may be warranted.
Spin transport in as-grown and annealed thulium iron garnet/platinum bilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

We characterize the spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR), spin Seebeck effect (SSE), and dampinglike spin-orbit torque (SOT) in thulium iron garnet/platinum bilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy by using harmonic Hall effect measurements. By consecutive annealing steps followed by measurements on a single device, we reveal that the spin-dependent effects gradually decrease in amplitude as the annealing temperature increases. We attribute this behavior primarily to the changes in the spin-mixing conductance, which sensitively depends on the interface quality. However, further analysis demonstrates that although the SSE scales closely with the SMR, the dampinglike SOT shows a significantly different trend upon annealing, contrary to theoretical expectations. By comparing the dampinglike SOT with the field-induced Hall effect, we found evidence that scattering from Fe impurities in the Pt at the interface might be responsible for the distinct annealing temperature dependence of the dampinglike SOT.
Biomarkers of response to Akt inhibitor MK-2206 in breast cancer.

1054 Background: Akt significantly contributes to cancer pathogenesis. PTEN, a negative regulator of PI3K/Akt signaling, is mutated or decreased, and PIK3CA is frequently mutated in multiple cancer...
Homoconjugated and Spiro Push–Pull Systems: Cycloadditions of Naphtho- and Anthradiquinones with Electron-Rich Alkynes

We report the synthesis and characterization of three new classes of push–pull chromophores using [2+2]-cycloaddition reactions of electron-rich alkynes and electron-poor alkenes. Previous investigations have focused on the reactions of cyano-substituted electron acceptors. This study demonstrates that cyano-free electron acceptors, naphtho- and anthradiquinones, can also be used to access extended push–pull systems. The effects of the structural changes on the spectroscopic and electronic properties were investigated by UV/vis spectroscopy. Structures were confirmed by X-ray and NMR analysis in solution.
The Promise of a Subject-Centered Approach to Understanding Immigration Noncompliance

Unauthorized immigrants and immigration enforcement are once again at the center of heated public debates and reform agendas. This paper examines the importance of applying a subject-centered appro...
Auditors’ Quantitative Materiality Judgments: Properties and Implications for Financial Reporting Reliability

We analyze data made available through the PCAOB (Public Company Accounting Oversight Board) to provide descriptive evidence on the properties of auditors’ actual quantitative materiality judgments and the implications of those judgments for financial reporting. Auditors’ quantitative materiality judgments do not appear to result simply from applying conventional rules of thumb (e.g., 5% of pretax income), but instead are associated with size‐related financial statement outcomes (income, revenues, and assets), where the relative importance of the size‐related outcomes varies with client characteristics such as financial performance. Using the distribution of actual materiality amounts reported by auditors to the PCAOB as part of the audit‐inspection process, we construct a materiality‐judgment measure that locates a specific materiality amount within a normal range that is both comparable across varying client characteristics and supported by guidance in audit firm internal policy manuals. We find that looser materiality (an amount closer to the high end of a normal materiality range) is associated with fewer audit hours and lower audit fees, supporting the construct validity of this measure. We also find that looser materiality is associated with lower amounts of proposed audit adjustments and, in extreme cases, with a greater incidence of restatements, highlighting the importance of auditor materiality assessments for financial reporting reliability.
Designing Leaderboards for Gamification: Perceived Differences Based on User Ranking, Application Domain, and Personality Traits

Leaderboards, a common gamification technique, are used to enhance engagement through social comparisons. Prior research has demonstrated the overall utility of leaderboards but has not examined their effectiveness when individuals are ranked at particular levels or when the technique is applied in different application domains, such as social networking, fitness, or productivity. In this paper, we present a survey study investigating how preferences for leaderboards change based on individual differences (personality traits), ranking, social scoping, and application domains. Our results show that a respondent's position on the leaderboard had important effects on their perception of the leaderboard and the surrounding app, and that participants rated leaderboards most favorably in fitness apps and least favorably in social networking contexts. More extraverted people reported more positive experiences with leaderboards despite their ranking or the application domain. We present design implications for creating leaderboards targeted at different domains and for different audiences.
Generating Random Regular Graphs

Random regular graphs play a central role in combinatorics and theoretical computer science. In this paper, we analyze a simple algorithm introduced by Steger and Wormald [10] and prove that it produces an asymptotically uniform random regular graph in a polynomial time. Precisely, for fixed d and n with d = O(n1/3−e), it is shown that the algorithm generates an asymptotically uniform random d-regular graph on n vertices in time O(nd2). This confirms a conjecture of Wormald. The key ingredient in the proof is a recently developed concentration inequality by the second author. The algorithm works for relatively large d in practical (quadratic) time and can be used to derive many properties of uniform random regular graphs.
Late Preterm and Early Term Birth: At-risk Populations and Targets for Reducing Such Early Births

The risks of late preterm (LPT) and early term (ET) birth have been recognized during the last decade. Increased awareness accompanied by efforts to reduce elective delivery before 39 weeks of gestation have led to a decline in LPT/ET births. Despite this success, strategies to identify and reduce preventable LPT/ET births using traditional and novel prevention methods are still needed. Because preterm birth is a common endpoint associated with many different preventable and nonpreventable causes, the efforts for reducing such early births must be multifaceted. For neonates born LPT/ET, there is an inverse relationship between gestational age and morbidity and mortality, with a nadir at 39 to 40 weeks of gestation. Recognition of the short-term complications of LPT/ET is important for timing of delivery and the initial clinical management of these patients. In addition, the recognition of the long-term respiratory and neurocognitive complications of LPT/ET birth helps inform the evaluation, treatment, and monitoring for impairments and disabilities that benefit from early detection and intervention. In this article, we review the definition of LPT/ET birth, prevention strategies, indications for LPT/ET birth, and the short- and long-term outcomes for such infants.
Frontiers: Authority, Precarity, and Insurgency at the Edge of the State

Summary The focus of this article is two home-grown insurgencies which arose in Nigeria after the return to civilian rule in 1999: Boko Haram in the Muslim northeast, the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) in the oil producing and Christian southeast. The two insurgencies arose, I argue, from frontier spaces in which the limits of state authority and legitimacy intersected with a profound crisis of authority and rule on the one hand, and the political economy of radical precarity on the other. Boko Haram and MEND share family resemblances—they are products of the same orderings of power—despite the obvious fact that one is draped in the language of religion and restoration (but as we shall see modernity) and the insistence that Nigeria should become transformed into a true Islamic state, while the other is secular and civic (and also modern) wishing to expand the boundaries of citizenship through a new sort of federalism. There are striking commonalities in the social composition of the armed groups and their internal dynamics; each is deposited at the nexus of the failure of local government, customary institutions, and the security forces (the police and the military task forces in particular). Each, nevertheless, is site specific; a cultural articulation of dispossession politics rooted in regional traditions of warfare, in particular systems of religiosity, and very different sorts of social structure and identity, and very different ecologies (the semi arid savannas of the north, and the creeks and forest of the Niger delta). In both cases state coercion and despotism and the ethico-moral decrepitude of the state figures centrally as does the politics of resentment that each condition generates among a large, alienated but geographically rooted group of precarious classes.
Adversarial Patrolling Games

Defender-Attacker Stackelberg games are the foundations of toolsdeployed for computing optimal patrolling strategies in adversarialdomains such as the United states Federal Air Marshals Service and the UnitedStates Coast Guard, among others.In Stackelberg game models of these systems the attacker knows only theprobability that each target is covered by the defender, but isoblivious to the detailed timing of the coverage schedule.In many real-world situations, however, the attacker can observe thecurrent location of the defender and can exploit this knowledge toreason about the defender's future moves.We study Stackelberg security games in which the defender sequentiallymoves between targets, with moves constrained by an exogenouslyspecified graph, while the attacker can observe the defender's currentlocation and his (stochastic) policy concerning future moves. We offerfive contributions: (1) We model this adversarial patrolling game (APG) as a stochastic game with special structure and presentseveral alternative formulations that leverage the general non-linearprogramming (NLP) approach for computing equilibria in zero-sumstochastic games. We show that our formulations yield significantlybetter solutions than previous approaches. (2) We extend theNLP formulation for APG allow for attacks that may take multiple timesteps to unfold.(3) We provide anapproximate MILP formulation that uses discrete defender moveprobabilities. (4) We experimentally demonstrate the efficacy of anNLP-based approach, and systematically study the impact of networktopology on the results.(5) We extend our model to allow the defender to construct the graph constraining his moves, at some cost, and offer novel algorithms for this setting, finding that a MILP approximation is much more effective than the exact NLP in this setting.
Static Response of Reduced Rotation Rope

A theory has been developed to predict the static response of a wire rope consisting of a left lay inner rope and a right lay outer rope. A nonrotating rope, under axial load, can be produced by a proper selection of the pitches of the outside and inside rope. The results of the theory are applied to a 1 x 19 wire rope in which all the individual wires in the rope have the same diameter. Expressions are presented for the various combinations of pitches which will produce such a rope and the results are shown in the form of a plot of the helix angle of the outside rope as a function of the helix angle of the inside rope. The theory is a frictionless one.
Development of a Steerable Single-Actuator Cruciform Parachute

Despite success in developing and fielding a family of different-weight precision self-guiding parafoil-based aerial payload delivery systems, there is a need for a system that would trade relative...
Resonant Phase Matching of Josephson Junction Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers

We propose a technique to phase-match Josephson-junction traveling wave parametric amplifiers to achieve high gain (over twenty decibels) over a broad bandwidth (multiple GHz) for applications such as the multiplexed readout of quantum coherent circuits.
Tool Breakage Detection in Turning Using a Multi-Sensor Strategy

Abstract To meet the industrial goal of autonomous manufacturing, a multi-sensor strategy for tool breakage detection is proposed and a microcomputer basjed system which monitors (i)cutting force (ii)cutting force rate, and (iii) acoustic emission count is implemented. Tool breakage tests for impact, thermal stress at tool exit or entry, and tool wear are conducted and observations of cutting forces, acoustic emission count, and temperature are made. Relevant cutting process failure phenomena and the current practice for detection techniques are also discussed. Computer evaluation tests were successful and the methods are promising. It is observed that the force rate signal is particularly useful but the acoustic emission count is not. The proposed system is also flexible enough to incorporate other signal detection techniques.
The relationship between the UPPS-P impulsive personality traits and substance use psychotherapy outcomes: A meta-analysis.

Abstract Background Although impulsive personality traits have been well implicated in substance use disorder (SUD) risk, little work has established how specific impulsive personality traits influence and are influenced by SUD psychotherapy outcomes. The purpose of this meta -analysis was to quantitatively review existing work to examine 1) how impulsive personality traits affect SUD psychotherapy outcomes and 2) reductions in impulsive personality traits during SUD psychotherapy. Methods Studies were identified by conducting a comprehensive review of the literature. Results For aim one (k = 6), significant effects were found for lack of premeditation (g = 0.60, SE = 0.30, 95% CI 0.01–1.20; z = 1.99, p = 0.05) and negative urgency (g = 0.55, SE = 0.17, 95% CI 0.22–0.88, z = 3.30, p=0.001), with trait scores related to poorer SUD psychotherapy outcomes. For aim two (k = 10), decreases in sensation seeking (g = −0.10, SE = 0.05, 95% CI −0.20 to 0.004; z = −1.88, p=0.02) and negative urgency (g = −0.25, SE = 0.14, 95% CI −0.53 to 0.03; z = −1.75, p=0.03) during SUD psychotherapy were significant. Conclusions Overall, our quantitative synthesis suggests that lack of premeditation and negative urgency are related to poorer SUD psychotherapy outcomes. Although negative urgency and sensation seeking are decreasing during SUD psychotherapy, the magnitude of the change is quite small. Overall, we suggest that the measurement and targeting of impulsive personality traits in psychotherapy has strong potential to improve clinical outcomes across SUDs and a wide range of clinical problems and disorders.
A Comparison of Plasma Vasopressin Measurements With a Standard Indirect Test in the Differential Diagnosis of Polyuria

The diagnoses provided by a standard indirect test of vasopressin function were compared with those obtained by radioimmunoassay of plasma vasopressin in 24 patients with nonglucosuric polyuria. All seven cases of severe neurogenic diabetes insipidus diagnosed by the indirect tests were confirmed by the vasopressin assay. However, two of six patients with partial neurogenic diabetes insipidus by indirect criteria had normal vasopressin secretion by the direct assay; one was found to have primary polydipsia, and the other nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Moreover, three of 10 patients diagnosed as having primary polydipsia by the indirect test had clear evidence of partial vasopressin deficiency by the direct assay. The inability of the indirect test to distinguish accurately between partial neurogenic diabetes insipidus and primary polydipsia may be explained by increased sensitivity to low concentrations of vasopressin in the former disorder and a reduction of maximal concentrating ability in both. We conclude that the incorporation of a vasopressin assay improves accuracy in the differential diagnosis of polyuria.
Practical Immunocytochemical Identification of Human Blood Cells

A practical immunocytochemical method of demonstrating surface antigens of human blood cells on air-dried smears or other cytologic preparations has been developed. This method uses monoclonal antibodies as the primary antibodies and calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase as the enzymatic indicator. Combined staining with cytochemical stains for myeloperoxidase or nonspecific esterase on the same slide is also possible when needed. These methods are very useful for accurate identification of human blood cells on the commonly available clinical specimens and are very helpful in the diagnosis and classification of various hematologic neoplasms, including chronic lymphocytic leukemias, acute leukemias, and related diseases.
Escrutando el texto de la revolucion: el aguila y la serpiente de martin luis guzman

Las relaciones entre literatura e historia, entre ficcion literaria y su contexto social e historico, acerca de un texto crucial de la Revolucion Mexicana. La novela de Martin Luis Guzman vista como un texto cultural que media entre el lector y los hechos historicos y que es una suerte de lectura retorizada de los acontecimientos y de los datos historicos.
Detection of Bacteremia with the BACTEC 16B Resin Blood Culture Medium

A new blood culture medium (16B) containing adsorbent and cationic exchange resins has become available for use with the BACTEC instrument (Johnston Laboratories, Towson, MD). Its purpose is to enhance the detection of bacteremia through binding of antimicrobials. The performance of the BACTEC 16B resin medium was compared with the routine BACTEC 6B medium in patients with suspected sepsis receiving antibiotics. A total of 1,227 blood specimens were inoculated in 6B and 16B media and yielded 93 positive cultures from 43 clinically septic patients. Of 103 bacterial isolates recovered, 63 (61.2%) were recovered in both media, 14 (13.6%) in the routine 6B medium only, and 26 (25.2%) in the resin medium only (P greater than 0.05). Staphylococci, both coagulase positive and negative, were recovered much more frequently in resin medium (P less than 0.01). When the results of all the blood culture sets collected for each patient on any given day were considered, the routine 6B medium was the only source of isolation for seven bacterial species in six patients, and the resin medium was the only source of isolation for nine species in nine patients. However, of the nine organisms whose sole isolation source was the resin medium, eight were recovered early in the course of antibiotic therapy (6 within 24 to 36 hours and 2 within 36 to 48 hours of the first antibiotic dose) and had been isolated previously in routine 6B medium. In no instance was the antibiotic regimen changed as a result of the persistence of the organism in resin medium in the early phases of treatment. The use of resin medium did not improve overall detection time for 63 isolates recovered in both media. In conclusion, although the 16B resin medium did recover a greater number of bacterial isolates, it contributed very little information that might be of use in modifying and improving the treatment of septic patients receiving antimicrobials.
Cerebroviz: An R Package For Anatomical Visualization of Spatiotemporal Brain Data

Background Spatiotemporal transcriptomic profiling has provided insight to the patterning of gene expression throughout the human brain from early fetal development to adulthood. When combined with the prior knowledge about a disease’s age at onset and region-specificity, these expression profiles have provided the necessary context to both strengthen putative gene-disease associations and infer new associations. While a wealth of spatiotemporal expression data exists, there are currently no tools available to programmatically visualize this data within the anatomical context of the brain, thus limiting the intuitive interpretation of many of these findings. Methods We present cerebroViz, an R package to map spatiotemporal brain data to scalable vector graphic diagrams of the human brain. Our tool allows rapid generation of publication-quality figures that highlight spatiotemporal trends in the input data, all while striking a balance between usability and customization. cerebroViz is generalizable across datasets and currently supports visualization of thirty brain regions found in datasets such as BrainSpan, GTEx, and RoadMap Epigenomics. Results CerebroViz is capable of producing publication-quality SVG diagrams of the human brain. These diagrams may be used in publications, posters, and presentations. Multiple diagrams can be generated in a time series for creating movies or gif images with other tools to loop across time points, thus creating a dynamic visual representation of the expression profile. cerebroViz creates diagrams for a variety of uses. Our tool can also be used to highlight key similarities and differences between expression profiles of any two genes, time points, isoforms, replicates, or any quantifiable brain data at a regional resolution. For example, while common use of cerebroViz pertains to transcriptomic data, it may also be used to visualize methylation or histone modification levels in different brain regions. Discussion Our tool provides programmatic visualization of spatiotemporal brain data. Visualizing this data within the anatomical context of the brain allows enhanced interpretability of spatiotemporal data such as gene expression profiles.
Supersymmetric dyonic black holes in Kaluza-Klein theory

Abstract We study supersymmetric, four-dimensional (4-d), Abelian charged black holes (BH's) arising in (4+n)-d (1 ⩽ n ⩽ 7) Kaluza-Klein (KK) theories. With diagonal internal metric ansatz, such solutions, which satisfy supersymmetric Killing spinor equations (formally satisfied for any n) and saturate the corresponding Bogomol'nyi bounds, can be obtained if and only if the isometry group of the internal space is broken down to the U(1)E × U(1)M gauge group; they correspond to dyonic BH's with electric Q and magnetic P charges associated with different U(1) factors. The internal metric of such configurations is diagonal with (n − 2) internal radii constant, while the remaining two radii (associated with the respective electric and magnetic U(1) gauge fields) and the 4-d part of the metric turn out to be independent of n, i.e. solutions are effectively those of supersymmetric 4-d BH's of 6-d KK theory. For Q ≠ 0 and P ≠ 0, 4-d space-time has a null singularity, finite temperature (TH ∝ 1/√|QP|) and zero entropy. Special cases with either Q = 0 or P = 0 correspond to the supersymmetric 4-d BH's of 5-d KK theory, first derived by Gibbons and Perry, which have a naked singularity and infinite temperature.
An Individualized Super-Gaussian Single Microphone Speech Enhancement for Hearing Aid Users With Smartphone as an Assistive Device

In this letter, we derive a new super-Gaussian joint maximum a posteriori (SGJMAP) based single microphone speech enhancement gain function. The developed speech enhancement method is implemented on a smartphone, and this arrangement functions as an assistive device to hearing aids. We introduce a tradeoff parameter in the derived gain function that allows the smartphone user to customize their listening preference, by controlling the amount of noise suppression and speech distortion in real-time based on their level of hearing comfort perceived in noisy real-world acoustic environment. Objective quality and intelligibility measures show the effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison to benchmark techniques considered in this letter. Subjective results reflect the usefulness of the developed speech enhancement application in real-world noisy conditions at signal to noise ratio levels of –5, 0, and 5 dB.
Visibility of corporate websites: The role of information prosociality

Abstract With an ever expanding content and user base, the Web presents information discovery and consumption challenges for both consumers and producers of information. Producers of information strive for visibility among consumers who have limited attention. Corporate websites are a primary digital marketing channel for firms through which they seek to gain a bigger share of their stakeholders' (i.e., customers, investors, communities) attention. Using observations spanning several years we study the website visibility, as measured by user traffic, of more than 2500 public firms and its association with properties of corporate websites and the corresponding firms. One property that is of particular interest to us is the availability of “community-engaging” pages, i.e., pages that support blogs or forums on the website or provide links to external social media platforms such as Facebook. These community-engaging pages signify online prosocial services provided by firms. We find that websites with larger number of community-engaging pages are associated with higher visibility. This provides a novel empirical support for the promotion and use of social media content and tools on websites of firms. We also find that websites with more specific content are associated with lower visibility while providing more out-links is associated with higher visibility. We observe these results consistently over time. These associations are observed while controlling for the size of the firms, types of their industries, the magnitude of media attention and other firm-level heterogeneity. Finally, machine learning models derived from our empirical analysis provide strong predictive utility for out-of-sample data.
NOMINAL SOVEREIGN DEBT

I show that reputation alone can sustain nominal sovereign debt, which is subject to both the risks of default and opportunistic devaluations. Nominal debt combined with a countercyclical exchange rate policy allows more hedging against shocks than real savings if markets are incomplete. Thus, the loss of either repayment or monetary reputation severely affects the government's ability to smooth consumption. The model offers a simple explanation for the Bulow and Rogoff critique, while simultaneously helping explain the issuance of nominal sovereign bonds by emerging economies. The model also helps explain why many governments borrow and save at the same time.
Large-Scale Mapping of Human Activity using Geo-Tagged Videos

This paper is the first work to perform spatio-temporal mapping of human activity using the visual content of geo-tagged videos. We utilize a recent deep-learning based video analysis framework, termed hidden two-stream networks, to recognize a range of activities in YouTube videos. This framework is efficient and can run in real time or faster which is important for recognizing events as they occur in streaming video or for reducing latency in analyzing already captured video. This is, in turn, important for using video in smart-city applications. We perform a series of experiments to show our approach is able to map activities both spatially and temporally.
Economic choice: the foraging perspective

Foraging theory offers an alternative foundation for understanding economic choice, one that sees economic choices as the outcome of psychological processes that evolved to help our ancestors search for food. Most of the choices encountered by foragers are between pursuing an encountered prey (accept) and ignoring it in favor of continued search (reject). Binary choices, which typically occur between simultaneously presented items, are special case, and are resolved through paired alternating accept–reject decisions limited by the narrow focus of attention. The foraging approach also holds out promise for helping to understand self-control and invites a reconceptualization of the mechanisms of binary choice, the relationship between choosing and stopping, and of the meaning of reward value.
Mutations in DNMT3A, U2AF1, and EZH2 identify intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia patients with poor outcome after CR1

Intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia (IR-AML) is a clinically heterogeneous disease, for which optimal post-remission therapy is debated. The utility of next-generation sequencing information in decision making for IR-AML has yet to be elucidated. We retrospectively studied 100 IR-AML patients, defined by European Leukemia Net classification, who had mutational information at diagnosis, received intensive chemotherapy and achieved complete remission (CR) at Cleveland Clinic (CC). The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were used for validation. In the CC cohort, median age was 58.5 years, 64% had normal cytogenetics, and 31% required >1 induction cycles to achieve CR1. In univariable analysis, patients carrying mutations in DNMT3A, U2AF1, and EZH2 had worse overall and relapse-free survival. After adjusting for other variables, the presence of these mutations maintained an independent effect on survival in both CC and TCGA cohorts. Patients who did not have the mutations and underwent hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) had the best outcomes. HCT improved outcomes for patients who had these mutations. RUNX1 or ASXL1 mutations did not predict survival, and performance of HCT did not confer a significant survival benefit. Our results provide evidence of clinical utility in considering mutation screening to stratify IR-AML patients after CR1 to guide therapeutic decisions.
Particle-level model for radar based detection of high-energy neutrino cascades

Abstract We present a particle-level model for calculating the radio scatter of incident RF radiation from the plasma formed in the wake of a particle shower. We incorporate this model into a software module (“RadioScatter”), which calculates the collective scattered signal using the individual particle equations of motion, accounting for plasma effects, transmitter and receiver geometries, refraction at boundaries, and antenna gain patterns. We find appreciable collective scattering amplitudes with coherent phase for a range of geometries, with high geometric and volumetric acceptance. Details of the calculation are discussed, as well as the implementation of RadioScatter into GEANT4. A laboratory test of our model, currently scheduled at SLAC in 2018, with the goal of measuring the time-dependent characteristics of the reflecting plasma, is also described. Prospects for a future in-ice, high-energy neutrino detector, along with comparison to current detection strategies, are presented.
C. elegans MRP-5 Exports Vitamin B12 from Mother to Offspring to Support Embryonic Development

Vitamin B12 functions as a cofactor for methionine synthase to produce the anabolic methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and for methylmalonyl-CoA mutase to catabolize the short-chain fatty acid propionate. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, maternally supplied vitamin B12 is required for the development of offspring. However, the mechanism for exporting vitamin B12 from the mother to the offspring is not yet known. Here, we use RNAi of more than 200 transporters with a vitamin B12-sensor transgene to identify the ABC transporter MRP-5 as a candidate vitamin B12 exporter. We show that the injection of vitamin B12 into the gonad of mrp-5 deficient mothers rescues embryonic lethality in the offspring. Altogether, our findings identify a maternal mechanism for the transit of an essential vitamin to support the development of the next generation.
Demystifying Fixed $k$ -Nearest Neighbor Information Estimators

Estimating mutual information from independent identically distributed samples drawn from an unknown joint density function is a basic statistical problem of broad interest with multitudinous applications. The most popular estimator is the one proposed by Kraskov, Stogbauer, and Grassberger (KSG) in 2004 and is nonparametric and based on the distances of each sample to its $k^{\mathrm{ th}}$ nearest neighboring sample, where $k$ is a fixed small integer. Despite of its widespread use (part of scientific software packages), theoretical properties of this estimator have been largely unexplored. In this paper, we demonstrate that the estimator is consistent and also identify an upper bound on the rate of convergence of the $\ell _{2}$ error as a function of a number of samples. We argue that the performance benefits of the KSG estimator stems from a curious “correlation boosting” effect and build on this intuition to modify the KSG estimator in novel ways to construct a superior estimator. As a by-product of our investigations, we obtain nearly tight rates of convergence of the $\ell _{2}$ error of the well-known fixed $k$ -nearest neighbor estimator of differential entropy by Kozachenko and Leonenko.
Optimal Auction Design for Flexible Consumers

We study the problem of designing revenue-maximizing auctions for allocating multiple goods to flexible consumers. In our model, each consumer is interested in a subset of goods known as its flexibility set and wants to consume one good from this set. A consumer's flexibility set and its utility from consuming a good from its flexibility set are its private information. We focus on the case of nested flexibility sets—each consumer's flexibility set can be one of the $k$ nested sets. We provide several examples where such nested flexibility sets may arise. We characterize the allocation rule for an incentive compatible, individually rational, and revenue-maximizing auction in terms of solutions to integer programs. The corresponding payment rule is described by an integral equation. We then leverage the nestedness of flexibility sets to simplify the optimal auction and provide a complete characterization of allocations and payments in terms of simple thresholds.