cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Live twin tubal ectopic pregnancy

Twin tubal ectopic pregnancy is a rare diagnosis, with an incidence of 1:200 ectopic pregnancies [1]. The incidence of live tubal twin ectopic pregnancy is even rarer, and has been calculated to be 1:125,000 pregnancies [2]. This report describes a unilateral live twin ectopic pregnancy with the highest level of serum quantitative human chorionic gonadotropin (Q-hCG) reported in the medical literature to date. A 41 year old, gravida 7, para 4, presented with a 1-day history of abdominal pain. Her last menstrual period was 7 weeks prior to presentation. The patient had received no infertility therapies and had no risk factors for ectopic pregnancy. On physical examination, the patient’s vital signs were stable, and her abdomen was tender. The serum QhCG was 31,672mIU/mL. A pelvic ultrasound revea-
Three-dimensional photon dosimetry: a comparison of treatment of the intact breast in the supine and prone position.

Abstract Purpose To compare the adequacy of target coverage, dose homogeneity, and volume of normal tissue irradiated in treatment of the intact breast in the supine and prone position. Methods and materials Fifteen patients with early breast cancer who presented for treatment to the intact breast after excisional biopsy were studied. A specially designed device was used for the prone setup to displace the contralateral breast away from the tangential field borders. Treatment planning computed tomography was performed for each patient in both the supine and prone positions. Dosimetric data were obtained in both positions and isodose distributions were calculated for each patient in both positions. Results The volume of breast receiving greater than 5% of the prescribed dose was significantly less in the prone position. Medial wedges were either not used or their angles were reduced for all patients in the prone position compared with the supine position. The average volume of lung receiving >10 Gy and >20 Gy was significantly less in the prone positions. The volume of heart irradiated at critical dose levels did not vary consistently in the prone and supine positions. The integral dose delivered to the contralateral breast was not significantly different. Conclusion Treatment of the intact breast in the prone position may result in improved dose homogeneity within the target volume as well as sparing of normal lung compared with treatment in the conventional supine position.
Uterine and fetal Doppler flow changes after intravaginal prostaglandin E2 therapy for cervical ripening.

Nineteen patients received prostaglandin E 2 as a 2.5 mg gel (seven cases), 3.3 mg chip (five cases), or 10 mg controlled-release pessary (seven cases) for preinduction cervical ripening. Blood flow velocities did not change significantly for the uterine arcuate artery, fetal aorta, and umbilical artery circulations after any of the treatments. In no case did systolic/ diastolic ratios consistently elevate above baseline values.
Optimizing cellular network architectures to minimize energy consumption

The energy consumption of different cellular network architectures are analyzed. In particular, a comparison of the transmit energy consumption between a single large cell with multiple co-located antennas, multiple micro-cells with a single antenna at each cell, and a large cell with a distributed antenna system are presented. The influence of different system parameters such as cell size, spatial distribution of the users, and the availability of channel state information (CSI) toward the total required transmit energy are analyzed. It is shown that the current macro-cellular architecture with co-located antennas has poor energy efficiency in the absence of CSI, but has better energy efficiency than small cells when perfect CSI is available. Moreover, macro-cells with distributed antennas have the best energy efficiency of all three architectures under perfect CSI. These results shed light on design guidelines to improve the energy efficiency of cellular network architectures.
Making Distinctions: Privatisation and the (un)Educated Girl on Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.

Abstract This article looks at the effects of privatisation policies on girls' education in the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania. It begins by describing changes in economic and education policies in Tanzania since independence in 1961. It presents the results of a study about parental wealth and education and the findings from an essay task completed by girls at a secondary school in the region. 1 The article also provides life-history sketches of several girls who have not attended secondary school and a discussion of the social and economic factors that mark the distinction between “educated” and “uneducated” girls in Tanzania today. These different sources of information show how cultural notions about gender and economic hardship in Kilimanjaro work together in making the attainment of a secondary school education an untenable goal for girls from poor households.
220 RESERVE ALBUMIN CAPACITY FOR BILIRUBIN MEASURED BY SEPHADEX ADSORPTION (SA) AND BY ABSORBANCE DEVIATION (AD) AT SATURATION OF PRIMARY ALBUMIN-BINDING SITES

The Reserve Bilirubin Binding Capacity (RBBC) of albumin is an indicator of the chances for brain damage due to kernicterus in the neonate. This study compares the RBBC of the neonatal serum by SA (Clin. Chem. 18(1):43, 1972) to that of AD (described elsewhere in this Program Issue, APS-SPR). The two methods were correlated in 54 pairs of measurements done on 25 neonates. Data shows that the results obtained by both methods are related (p < .001) with a correlation of +0.5. By altering pH and ionic strength from those in our previous work, RBBC results obtained by AD more closely resemble the values of SA. Determination of RBBC by AD is more time-efficient, uses a smaller quantity of serum, and could be performed with equipment usually available in most laboratories.
Early insulin responses to glucose and to tolbutamide in maturity-onset diabetes.

Abstract Intravenous glucose and tolbutamide tolerance tests were performed in six nonobese, nondiabetic control subjects, in six untreated nonobese maturity-onset diabetic patients without pancreatic diabetes and in one insulin-non-requiring patient with diabetes secondary to chronic pancreatitis. Following injection of glucose the control group responded with a sharp rise in plasma insulin from a fasting level of 8 ± 2 μU/ml. to a peak value of 216 ± 29 μU/ml. at 2 minutes whereas the maturity-onset diabetics showed a very slight increase in plasma insulin from a fasting level of 19 ± 4 μU/ml. to 24 ± 10 μU/ml. at 2 minutes and a peak value of 35 ± 9 μU/ml. at 30 minutes. In contrast initial insulin secretory responses of both groups to intravenous tolbutamide were essentially the same with peak values of 69 ± 1 μU/ml. and 72 ± 20 μU/ml. being obtained at 2 minutes from fasting levels of 6 ± 1 μU/ml. and 13 ± 5 μU/ml. in the control and diabetic groups, respectively. The response of the maturity-onset diabetics was biphasic and there appeared to be a sustained insulin release for over 30 minutes. The subject with pancreatic diabetes had virtually no response to either glucose or tolbutamide. The rate of disappearance of crystalline beef insulin from the plasma of two subjects with maturity-onset diabetes, two control subjects and the subject with pancreatic diabetes was about the same for all, with half-times ranging from 9–11 minutes after the initial distribution phase. The differences in plasma insulin concentration therefore reflect differences in secretory rate rather than differences in metabolic turnover. The possibility is suggested that the early lesion in β cell function in the maturity-onset diabetics studied here is expressed specifically in a failure of insulin release to be triggered promptly by glucose rather than in a generally defective mechanism for synthesizing and storing insulin.
Antineoplastic agents 596. Isolation and structure of chromomycin A5 from a Beaufort Sea microorganism

A microorganism identified as Streptomyces sp. was isolated from a sedimentary specimen collected on the Beaufort Sea coast of Alaska. Fermentation scale-up and cancer cell line-guided separation of the constituents led to isolation and structural elucidation (high resolution MALDI-TOF mass and 2D NMR spectral analyses) of a diastereomer of chromomycin A2 (2) designated chromomycin A5 (5). Chromomycin A5 displayed very potent cancer cell growth inhibitory activity (reaching with MCF-7 breast cancer GI50 0.00073 μg mL−1) against a mini-panel of murine and human cancer cell lines.
Synthesis of 18F-labeled 6- and 7-fluoropalmitic acids

Abstract In order to investigate the uptake characteristics of palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid labeled with 18 F at positions within the alkyl chain. [ 18 F]6- and 7-fluoropalmitates were synthesized. A precursor synthesis of several steps was followed by no-carrier-added [ 18 F] fluoride displacement of a methanesulfonate group and cleavage of the fatty acid benzyl ester. Preliminary myocardial uptake characteristics of the labeled compounds in rats were not markedly different from those of unsubstituted 11 C labeled palmitic acid.
Loss of zinc staining from hippocampal mossy fibers during kainic acid induced seizures: a histofluorescence study.

Abstract A quinoline fluorescence method for staining zinc in axonal boutons was used to study the effects of kainic acid (KA) induced seizures upon zinc in the boutons of hippocampal mossy fibers. Compared to untreated rats, rats given KA (10–12 mg/kg) and undergoing sustained seizures showed a marked loss of zinc fluorescence in the mossy fiber regions. The reduced fluorescence was detectable within 3 h of KA administration, was most pronounced at 12–24 h, and was still noticeable up to 48 h after KA. The findings suggest that zinc is released rapidly from mossy fiber boutons during seizures.
Early Silurian Spore Tetrads from New York: Earliest New World Evidence for Vascular Plants?

Several taxa of abundant cutinized trilete spores from earliest Silurian shale in New York predate by almost an entire period vascular land plant megafossils. Paleoecological evidence suggests that these spores may represent vascular land or semiaquatic plants but a bryophytic origin cannot be precluded on the basis of spore characters. An algal origin is considered unlikely.
MIND-INDEPENDENCE AND THE LOGICAL SPACE OF WRIGHT'S REALIST-RELEVANT AXES

This paper continues the work begun by Crispin Wright of identifying, articulating, and explaining the relations between various realist-relevant axes that emerge when it is conceded that any predicate capable of satisfying a small range of platitudes is syntactically and semantically adequate to count as a truth predicate for a discourse. I argue that the fact that a given discourse satisfies the three realist-relevant axes that remain if evidence-transcendent truth and reference to evidence-transcendent facts are ruled out by Dummettian meaning-theoretic considerations is not sufficient for what I have elsewhere called “modest metaphysical realism.” I conclude that mind-independence marks yet another realist-relevant axis and explore the relationships between the proposed mind-independence axis and the realist-relevant axes identified by Wright.
Aquatic Condition Response to Riparian Buffer Establishment

Although riparian buffers established along streams in agricultural landscapes are expected to provide water-quality functions similar to natural ecosystems, few studies have documented specific changes in the condition of aquatic resources resulting from buffer establishment. In 2000 the Commonwealth of Virginia, USA, began an extensive cooperative venture under the Chesapeake Bay Initiative to establish riparian buffers on agricultural lands, primarily through United States Department of Agriculture's Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP). Prior to CREP implementation, the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) developed a regionally tailored fish Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) for use as a watershed assessment technique in Northern Virginia. Using this regional IBI framework, we evaluated the effects of recently established riparian buffers on aquatic condition. Within the geographic scope of the regional IBI, we evaluated all buffer segments planned between 2000 and 2003. Cumulatively during this period, we assessed stream physical condition on 36 buffer sites and 12 reference sites using the NRCS Stream Visual Assessment Protocol (SVAP); we also assessed the aquatic community at these sites using the IBI. Improvements in stream condition were clearly demonstrated at certain sites within one year of buffer establishment. Although not all buffer projects responded with positive trends, mean SVAP and IBI scores for buffered sites increased over the course of the study, whereas the trend on reference sites was level or slightly downward. We observed positive IBI response at sites with highly disturbed local conditions prior to buffer establishment combined with small, relatively undisturbed watersheds above. Simple solutions such as buffer establishment alone cannot be expected to protect streams from adverse human impacts that occur at a broader scale. Therefore, riparian restoration should be planned and carried out in concert with other conservation practices at a watershed scale in a way that maximizes buffer effectiveness.
Analysis of an energy minimization method for locating transition states on potential energy hypersurfaces

Conditions are given for the successful search for a t‘annhon state by an energy minimization method. Proofs For these guIdelines are presented. Advantages of thaw method are discussed, includmg rts use in establishing lower bounds to transibon state energies Comparisons are made with other searchmg methods.
Taxon Sampling and Reverse Successive Weighting

Homoplasy in some data sets appears to reflect a hierarchy of nonrandom signals. The possible presence bf a nonrandom sec? ondary signal is an important consideration if operations are to be used that assume random homoplasy, such as a posteriori successive weighting. Trueman (1998) pre? sented a method for detecting hierarchical structure in a phylogenetic data matrix and applied his method to two different crocodylian data sets. In this note, I show that the topology and the strength of the secondary signal Trueman recovered for one of these data sets are influenced by the number and phylogenetic position of taxa included in the analysis. In Trueman's method, reverse successive weighting (RSW), nonhomoplastic charac? ters on the set of optimal trees for a given data set are downweighted or deleted from the matrix, and trees supported by the re? sulting matrix are examined for signal. The presence of robust nodes in these trees is taken as evidence that homoplasy is not random noise but instead reflects a signal in the data matrix that, though nonrandom, is weaker than the primary signal expressed in the optimal trees. RSW can be applied it? eratively?character states can be mapped on the tree recovered from the first step, nonhomoplastic characters can be re? moved, and the matrix run yet again until secondary signal(s) are lost. Trueman applied his new method to two different crocodylian matrices?morphol? ogy (Brochu, 1997) and 12S rRNA sequence data (modified by Brochu from Gatesy et al., 1993). These trees differ primarily in the placement of Gavialis gangeticus, the Indian gharial. Morphology regards Gavialis as the sister taxon of all other living crocodylians, whereas 12S rRNA data (and other molecu? lar data sets) favor a sister taxon relation? ship between Gavialis and Tomistoma schlegelii, the false gharial (Gatesy and Amato, 1992; Poe, 1996; Brochu, 1997). When nonhomoplastic characters are removed from the morphplogy matrix, the resulting opti? mal tree is congruent with molecular data sets for crocodylians and supports a Gavialis-Tomistoma clade (Fig. 1). These relation? ships hold through two iterations of RSW. That the secondary signal in morphology might reflect the correct organismal phy-
Murine arylsulfatase B: Regulation of As-1 expression in different tissues

The proportions of arylsulfatases A, B and B' differ markedly among various murine tissues. Although arylsulfatase B' may be a derivative of arylsulfatase B, their respective activities appeared to vary independently in the five murine tissues investigated. As-1, the apparent structural locus for murine arylsulfatase B, is expressed in brain, liver, kidney, lung, and spleen. Heat-stable arylsulfatase B is inherited as an autosomal incomplete dominant in most tissues. Current evidence suggests the existence of a regulatory element with cis-dominant effects that is situated near As-1 and is expressed in these tissues. However, control of liver arylsulfatase B is subject to more complex control and may involve participation of several genes, some of which are unlinked to As-1.
Microstructural investigation of donor material experiments in friction stir welding

Excessive tool wear generated during the plunge phase of Friction Stir Welding is hindering the application of Friction Stir Welding to hard materials such as steel. In this research we introduce a donor material concept by which we develop localized pre-heating that minimizes the forces throughout the tool which results in reducing tool fracturing and subsequent production replacement. Initial donor material experiments of Cu/Al were conducted to confirm the feasibility of applying this method to the FSW process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) images of the donor material depict no mixing of Cu with Al at the interface of the Al plate during plunge. The microstructural images indicate formation of columnar grains and grains recrystallization at the interface. The EDX images that represent several locations from shallow at the surface of the Cu plate to deep positions inside the plunge zone of the Al plate indicate the progression of the Cu/Al composite. A finite element model of the Johnson-Cook material constitutive law is used to investigate the shear stresses, axial forces, and temperature developed during the plunge stage in donor material and steel.
A single-polysilicon flip-flop EEPROM for ASIC application

A single-polysilicon flip-flop EEPROM has been developed. A single-polysilicon structure which is suitable for ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) application and a flip-flop-type cell give an endurance of more than 1,000,000 cycles. With this technology, a one-chip computer with CPU, RAM, ROM, some I/O ports, and EEPROM has been fabricated. >
Developmental Education Writing: Persistence and Goal Attainment Among Community College Students

This study examined the relationships between first semester participation in a community college developmental writing course and persistence and goal attainment. The study examined whether developmental writing course participants completed more of their credits, enrolled for more semesters, and completed degree/certificates and/or transferred at higher rates when compared to nonparticipants. Analysis of the data revealed that initial participants completed more of the credit hours they attempted than did nonparticipants; later participants enrolled for more semesters than did nonparticipants, on average; and at the end of the 3-year period, no significant difference was found between degree/certificate completion and initial participation.
Structure Learning in Ergodic Factored MDPs without Knowledge of the Transition Function's In-Degree

This paper introduces Learn Structure and Exploit RMax (LSE-RMax), a novel model based structure learning algorithm for ergodic factored-state MDPs. Given a planning horizon that satisfies a condition, LSE-RMax provably guarantees a return very close to the optimal return, with a high certainty, without requiring any prior knowledge of the in-degree of the transition function as input. LSE-RMax is fully implemented with a thorough analysis of its sample complexity. We also present empirical results demonstrating its effectiveness compared to prior approaches to the problem.
Sulfonated polyisobutylene telechelic ionomers. XIII: Viscosity behavior in nonpolar solvents and nonpolar−polar solvent mixtures

Etude de solutions diluees; en milieu non polaire, l'association des groupes terminaux conduit a une augmentation de la viscosite et a une gelification a tres faibles concentrations. Ces ionomeres peuvent etre utilises comme modifiants de la viscosite et epaississants thermiques
The Anonymous Christian and Christology

Karl Rahner has been troubling orthodox theologians for some years with his theory of "anonymous Christians" ­ "God's grace, with its power to save the world, works for the most part anonymously." They were quick to point out that this highly rationalistic theory was supported neither by Scripture nor by tradition. And yet, they felt that the issues he raised deserved careful investigation, rather than rejection out of hand. In this article Father Schreiter undertakes a review of these theological themes and issues, isolates three major criticisms or needed correctives, and seeks an alternate base in what he terms the wisdom tradition of the Bible. He challenges us all to think more deeply on the spiritual condition of those who know not Jesus Christ the Lord. WHEN ONE takes up the theme of Christ, salvation and non-Christian religions, and tries to sort through the complexity of issues involved, one comes up eventually against the debate surrounding Karl Rahner's "anonymous Christian."! In the years since the idea was first put forward, it has generated a good deal of discussion and a large amount of literature. In that discussion, the anonymous Christian has drawn alternately praise and criticism. On the one hand, the theory has been praised as a well-reasoned attempt to bring together imaginatively the doctrine of the universal salvific will of God with the contingencies of the missionary activities of the Church. In
Spectral Efficiency of Mobile VSAT Systems

Satellite communication systems based on very small aperture terminals (VSAT) are important for the military in on-the-move communications applications. The performance of these systems depends on many parameters, including, the transmit and receive antenna aperture sizes and the specific satellite employed in the system. In this paper we will compute the spectral efficiency of the VSAT system for different sets of these parameters. We will consider the commercial Ku-band and all the applicable regulatory issues will be addressed in this analysis. It is demonstrated that these regulatory issues play a significant role in determining the performance of the VSAT system.
X-Ray Characterization of Low-Thermal-Conductivity Thin-Film Materials

X-ray diffraction and imaging techniques at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) have been used to characterize PbSe/MoSe 2 and PbSe/WSe 2 thin films and multilayers. Diffraction measurements with area detectors were made to demonstrate the nanoscale coherence size of the layers both in-plane and perpendicular to the surface. Higher-resolution diffraction measurements that exploit the tunability of synchrotron radiation for anomalous scattering contrast have been used to accurately determine layer spacings in these multilayers. We also discuss opportunities in other new and emerging x-ray techniques, such as time-resolved studies during growth or processing, and present x-ray imaging capabilities that can be used to investigate thermoelectric thin-film materials.
Assessing inquiry learning in a circuits/electronics course

Physics education research and the development of “inquiry” teaching methods over the last 20 years have, by all measures, significantly reduced misconceptions and improved student understanding in physics. But adoption of these methods in upper division science and engineering courses has been slow. This paper describes the modification of an electronics/circuits course designed for physics majors to determine whether the benefits of the inquiry method can be extended to upper level circuits/electronics courses. Formative and summative assessments and methods for evaluation of student misconceptions and understanding including the application of a standardized electric circuit concept inventory instrument are described. The results suggest that inquiry teaching methods implemented in upper level university courses contribute significantly to extinguishing common misconceptions and improving long-term understanding of the material. With so much to be gained it is time for the engineering education community to embrace these concepts and implement the fruits of physics education research for the benefit of our students and the world community.
The "knucklehead" approach and what matters in terms of health for formerly incarcerated Latino men.

In terms of the examination of the relationship between masculinity and health, there has been limited exploration of how the ways in which formerly incarcerated Latino men (FILM) construct their masculinities may conflict with public health messages. Using information gained from three years of ethnographic research that was conducted with formerly incarcerated Puerto Rican males in three urban communities in New York City, the authors examine what matters to FILM in terms of their health and well-being and what conflicts exist between public health prevention messages and FILM masculinity. Our results indicate the following: 1) major threats to the health of FILM, such as HIV risk behavior, alcohol and drug use and high caloric intake, are perceived as irrelevant to most of the FILM in the study; 2) young FILM believe that they engage in risky behaviors because of their “knucklehead” mentality and diminish their risks by becoming “street-smart;” and 3) social isolation, loneliness and general risk-taking behavior among FILM are salient issues that have yet to be effectively addressed. Of our sample of 32 FILM, we identified 7 individuals who have transitioned from having a “knucklehead” approach in their lives to possessing a greater sense of awareness of health and social matters. These seven individuals followed either or both of the following pathways: 1) pursuing a college education or 2) becoming community leaders.
THE EFFECT OF PARASITISM ON HOST FECUNDITY IS DEPENDENT ON TEMPERATURE IN A COCKROACH-ACANTHOCEPHALAN SYSTEM

The fitness of infected organisms can vary greatly depending on the temperature at which they find themselves. Understanding the role of temperature in the fitness of infected organisms can be crucial to population studies, epidemiological studies, and when screening for biological control agents. We measured the effect of parasitism on host survival and reproduction at 4 constant temperatures using the acanthocephalan parasite Moniliformis moniliformis and its intermediate host, the cockroach Supella longipalpa. Infection did not affect cockroach survival at any temperature. Infection had a negative impact on cockroach fecundity but only at higher temperatures (28 and 31 C) and only later in infection (>20 days postinfection). At lower temperatures, infected and uninfected cockroaches had similar fecundities throughout the duration of the experiment (120 days). This study, along with previous studies, suggests that researchers would do well to consider environmental variables when exploring the effects of parasitism.
The epsilon-approximation to discrete VT assignment for leakage power minimization

As VLSI technology reaches 45rara technology node, leakage power optimization has become a major design challenge. Threshold voltage (vt) assignment has been extensively studied, due to its effectiveness in leakage power reduction. In contrast to the efficiently solvable continuous vt assignment problem, the discrete vt assignment problem is known to be NP-hard. All of the existing techniques are heuristics without performance guarantee due to the NP-hardness nature of the problem. It is still not known whether there is any rigorous approximation algorithm for the discrete vt assignment problem. In this paper, the first ∊-approximation algorithm is designed for the discrete vt assignment problem. The algorithm can ∊-approximate the optimal vt assignment solution in O(mn3 log n log 1/∊ + mn3 log2 1/∊ ÷ ∊2) time, where n is the size of the combinational circuit and m is the number of available threshold voltages per gate. It is based on an advanced potential function technique and an efficient dual decision core query technique. Our experiments on ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits demonstrate that the new algorithm always returns a solution with error bounded by e even compared to the lower bound of the optimal solution. On average, it can approximate the optimal solution with 2.8% additional leakage power running in 51.3 seconds, while the integer linear programming technique is computationally prohibitive. Our algorithm also significantly outperforms the heuristic in [1] by 16.5% leakage power saving with similar runtime. This clearly demonstrates the practicality of the proposed ∊-approximation algorithm for the vt assignment problem.
An Adaptive Optimal Control Design for a Bolus Chasing Computed Tomography Angiography

To improve imaging quality and to reduce contrast dose and radiation exposure, an optimal adaptive bolus chasing controller is proposed and tested based on actual patient data. The controller estimates and predicts the unknown 2D bolus density online and then determines the optimal control actions. Tracking errors are mathematically quantified in terms of estimation errors. The test results not only support the analytical analysis and exhibit its superior performance over the current constant-speed controller, but also demonstrate the clinical feasibility.
Induction of Interleukin-1 Associated with Compensatory Dopaminergic Sprouting in the Denervated Striatum of Young Mice: Model of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease

Young mice challenged with the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), which selectively destroys the substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain, exhibit spontaneous recovery of dopaminergic nerve terminals. However, such recovery becomes attenuated with age. Here we report that newly sprouted fibers originate from spared dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area. We found that interleukin-1 (IL-1), an immune response-generated cytokine that can enhance dopaminergic sprouting when exogenously applied, increased dramatically in the denervated striatum of young mice (2 months) compared with middle-aged mice (8 months) after MPTP treatment. Young mice displayed a maximal 500% induction of IL-1α synthesis that remained elevated for several weeks in the dorsal and ventral striatum, whereas middle-aged mice exhibited a modest 135% induction exclusively in the dorsal striatum for a week. IL-1α immunoreactivity was localized in GFAP-immunoreactive hypertrophied astrocytes and neurons within the denervated striatum of young mice. However, no induction of IL-1α mRNA was seen in the midbrain in either age group despite glial activation. Because we have reported that IL-1 can regulate astroglia-derived dopaminergic neurotrophic factors, it was surprising that no changes were observed in acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor or glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA levels associated with MPTP-induced plasticity of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum of young mice. Interestingly, we found that dopaminergic neurons express IL-1 receptors, thus suggesting that IL-1α could directly act as a target-derived dopaminergic neurotrophic factor to initiate or enhance the sprouting of dopaminergic axonal terminals. These findings strongly suggest that IL-1α could play an important role in MPTP-induced plasticity of dopaminergic neurons.
Macrofungi Collected from the Black Hills of South Dakota and Bear Lodge Mountains of Wyoming

Abstract The objective of the study was to collect, identify and document the presence of macrofungi occurring in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Bear Lodge Mountains of Wyoming. Two-hundred sixty species of macrofungi were collected from 95 sites in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Bear Lodge Mountains of Wyoming during 1998–2002. Two-hundred thirty-nine are submitted as new records for the area. Thirty percent of all species were collected only once during the study and 35% were collected from only one site. A total of 173 species were collected from five established permanent sites. All permanent sites were visited four times each summer during the study. Of species collected at permanent sites, 19% were collected only once at a site and 57% occurred at only one of the five sites. Twenty-five species (10%) were collected every year from one or more of all 95 sites and 10 species (6%) were collected every year from one or more of the five permanent sites.
TIBIOFEMORAL ROTATION DURING SIT-TO-STAND ACTIVITY AFTER TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY

Introduction The sit-to-stand (STS) movement is a physically demanding activity of daily living and is performed more than 50 times per day in healthy adults. Several studies have shown that the normal ‘screw-home’ mechanism is altered after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, these studies have been criticized due to their limitations of the movement being non-weight-bearing or atypical daily activity (lunge maneuver). We analyzed TKA subjects during a STS activity to determine if the internal-external rotation of their TKA knees differed from the knees of control subjects. Materials and Methods Six TKA subjects (3 M, 3 F) participated following institutional review board approval and informed consent. One subject had bilateral knee replacement. Surgery was performed by the same surgeon using the same type of implant (6 posterior-stabilized, 1 cruciate-retaining). The control group included eight healthy subjects (6 M, 2 F). Retro-reflective markers were placed over bony landmarks of the torso, pelvis, and lower extremities, and arrays of four markers were attached to the thighs and shanks using elastic wrap. A digitizing pointer was used to create virtual markers at the anterior superior iliac spines. A nine camera video-based opto-electronic system (Qualisys) was used for 3D motion capture. Subjects were barefoot and seated on a 46 cm armless bench with one foot on each force plate (AMTI). Subjects rose from their seated position, paused, and returned to the seated position at a self-selected pace repeatedly for 30 seconds. Subjects did not use their arms to push off the bench. Only the STS portion of the task was analyzed. The start of the STS cycle was defined when the C7 marker began to move forward in the sagittal plane and ended at the point of maximum knee extension. Only the right leg of the control subjects was used for analysis. Results Femurs rotated internally as control subjects rose from the bench. Two of the TKA knees displayed a similar pattern of internal rotation as the knees extended. However, four TKA knees displayed the opposite pattern, and one TKA knee showed no rotation. For ease of comparison I/E rotation was normalized to zero at full extension (Figure 1). Discussion Our results of a reverse tibio-femoral rotational pattern in TKA knees compared to normal knees are similar to those reported in fluoroscopic studies in which a single leg lunge activity is performed. Finding a similar reversal in STS is significant due to the necessity and frequency of the STS activity during daily living and warrants further investigation.
Pure exciton- and magnon-assisted optical transitions in the one-dimensional antiferromagnet CsMn Cl 3 · 2 H 2 O (CMC)

We report the first observation of the pure electronic transitions in the $^{4}T_{1}$ state of ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$ ions in the one-dimensional antiferromagnet CsMn${\mathrm{Cl}}_{3}$ \ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{} 2${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O (CMC) in the absorption, excitation, and fluorescence spectra. Selection rules are analyzed: the exciton transition is electric dipole allowed, the magnon sideband in emission is a single-ion process, and is both electric and magnetic dipole allowed; however, the magnon sideband in absorption is an ion-pair process and is a weakened-electric-dipole and magnetic-dipole transition. The density of magnon states and the line profile of the magnon sideband have been calculated. The results explain the peculiar line shapes of the observed sideband emission. An exponential decay of the exciton is observed with a lifetime of 0.57 ms.
Deixar o mundo acontecer

Laura Mulvey’s Death 24x a Second and my own Cinephilia and History, or The Wind in the Trees , which appeared in print within a few months of one another, share a similar set of concerns: the power of the filmic detail, that detail’s relation to film history and history in general, and the ways in which new digital technologies (with random access, freeze frame, and slow motion) encourages a spectatorial posture — one we generally associate with the cinephile — that facilitates the discovery of such moments. Mulvey identifies two types of cinephile spectator — the pensive and the possessive — and notes that, in spite of their apparent differences, the intellectual curiosity of the first and the fetishistic fascination of the second are inevitably intertwined. A discussion of several moments from Frank Capra’s It Happened One Night (1934) demonstrates this happy entanglement.
Hardness and Adhesion Measurements of Copper Metallizations by a Continuous Indentation Approach

A continuous indentation test has been used to evaluate the difference in adhesion between copper films deposited on oxidized silicon substrates with different transition metalinterlayers. Variations in adhesion between samples with interlayers of Al,Cr,Ni,Ti and V correlated with the free energy of formation of the particular metal oxide present.
Hierarchical Distributed Task Assignment for UAV Teams

In this paper, we discuss four impediments to distributed UAV architectures: poor UAV to UAV communication, inadequate processing capability (applies to both computation and sensors), operators’ desire for a continuous stream of video and images, and pilot safety in airspace with both unmanned and manned aircraft. These impediments motivate centralized architectures for multi-UAV planning and coordination. The key problem stems from the need for a human to continuously monitor the UAVs’ data streams. We discuss a hierarchical distributed task assignment algorithm, called the team consensus based bundle algorithm, that keeps these four impediments in check. Furthermore, a multi-socket manager (MSM) is presented, which was designed with these four impediments in mind. The MSM is an interface that allows testing of hierarchical and distributed planning architectures that keep these fours factors in check, e.g., the team consensus based bundle algorithm. Currently deployed unmanned air vehicles (UAV) are controlled by a group of operators that actively manage different components of the UAV. One operator might control the motion of the vehicle, either directly through “stick-and-rudder” inputs or through a waypoint navigation mode. Simultaneously, a different group of operators is remotely controlling the onboard sensors and evaluating any received data. Recent research has been focused on inverting this ratio of operators per UAV to have a single operator manage a team of UAVs. 1 Planning algorithms have been developed to aid the operator with the management of a team of UAVs, and current research is improving on these algorithms. 2‐4 To date, planners are generally implemented
Electrocatalytic Alcohol Oxidation with TEMPO and Bicyclic Nitroxyl Derivatives: Driving Force Trumps Steric Effects

Bicyclic nitroxyl derivatives, such as 2-azaadamantane N-oxyl (AZADO) and 9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane N-oxyl (ABNO), have emerged as highly effective alternatives to TEMPO-based catalysts for selective oxidation reactions (TEMPO = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine N-oxyl). Their efficacy is widely attributed to their smaller steric profile; however, electrocatalysis studies described herein show that the catalytic activity of nitroxyls is more strongly affected by the nitroxyl/oxoammonium redox potential than by steric effects. The inexpensive, high-potential TEMPO derivative, 4-acetamido-TEMPO (ACT), exhibits higher electrocatalytic activity than AZADO and ABNO for the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols. Mechanistic studies provide insights into the origin of these unexpected reactivity trends. The superior activity of ACT is especially noteworthy at high pH, where bicyclic nitroxyls are inhibited by formation of an oxoammonium hydroxide adduct.
A pattern for the WS-SecureConversation standard for web services

When using web services, the involved parties need to address two main concerns: first, each party needs to determine if it can trust the credentials of the other party; and second, how to protect their data and how to provide a secure session between the parties. WS-Trust takes care of the first challenge by defining how to establish trust between interacting parties, while WS-Security is in charge of the second part by providing message integrity, confidentiality, and authentication. However, web services exchange multiple messages that increase the overhead of key establishment and decrease performance, which eventually affects business interactions. By defining a shared context among the communicating parties for the lifetime of a communications session that combines secure communications and trusted relationship, we facilitate the process of communication and increase overall performance. This shared context is implemented by the WS-SecureConversation standard, and we present here a pattern for it.
Theory of Momentum Distributions and their Measurement for Hydrogen in Solids

The availability of sources of high energy neutrons has made possible inelastic scattering measurements from solids and liquids at transferred energies on the order of 10 eV.
Spinal Cord Atrophy Is Observed in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Patients without History of Prior Myelitis (P4.148)

Objective: Quantitate and compare the spinal cord mean upper-cervical cross-sectional area (MUCCA) for patients with NMO Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) with and without history of myelitis, age-matched MS patients, and healthy controls. Background: NMOSD and MS are autoimmune diseases that frequently, but not invariably, affect the spinal cord. No prior study has quantitated spinal atrophy in NMOSD patients without a history of prior myelitis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records and spinal cord MRIs from 34 patients with antibody-positive NMOSD, 33 with MS, and 20 controls. The NMOSD patients were subdivided into those with MRI-visible upper cervical lesions and those without any spinal cord lesions or clinical history of myelitis. We determined the MUCCA using a previously validated, semi-automated analysis of T2-weighted MRI images of the cervical spinal cord. Results: The spinal cord in NMOSD patients was atrophied in comparison to age- and disease duration- matched MS patients and controls, with a MUCCA of 47.1 mm2 for NMOSD, 59.2 mm2 for MS, and 68.1 mm2 for controls (p <0.001 for each comparison). Both NMOSD patients without upper cervical lesions (MUCCA 57.0 mm2) and those without any spinal cord lesions or history of myelitis (MUCCA 57.5 mm2) had atrophied upper cervical spinal cords compared to controls (p < 0.001 for each comparison). The MUCCA was highly correlated with a patient-reported disability score in the NMOSD patients (R = -0.79, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The finding of significant spinal cord atrophy in patients with NMOSD without a clinical history of myelitis or MRI-visible spinal cord lesions raises the possibility of atrophy due to subclinical attacks or a diffuse underlying disease process in NMOSD. The high correlation between spinal cord atrophy and disability, and the relative ease of calculating cord volume from routinely acquired sequences make MUCCA a promising endpoint in clinical trials for NMO. Disclosure: Dr. Ventura has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chung has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shepherd has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kister has nothing to disclose.
Use of mental health services by households in the United States.

OBJECTIVE: The study examined differences in the use of mental health services by persons living in different types of households. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) survey, a multistage probability sampling procedure of households in five U.S cities conducted in 1981-1984. Data from 12,417 persons living in four of the five ECA sites (Baltimore, St. Louis, Durham, North Carolina, and Los Angeles) were classified according to household categories used by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship of mental health service use to household type, relationship of survey respondent to head of household, household income and size, number of children in the household, ECA site, presence of mental disorders, and sociodemographic factors. RESULTS: Use of mental health services varied by type of household but not by individual within the same household. Persons in female-headed families and persons living alone had the highest use of mental health services, even after other variables were controlled. CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the need for outreach efforts to determine needs and preferences for health, mental health, and social services by persons in various households, especially persons in female-headed families and persons living alone.
The association between tidal volume and neurological outcome following in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Abstract Aims Prior investigation has found that mechanical ventilation with lower tidal volumes (Vt) following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is associated with better neurologic outcomes. The relationship between Vt and neurologic outcome following in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) has not previously been explored. In the present study, we investigate the association between Vt and neurologic outcome following IHCA. Methods This was an observational study using a prospectively collected database of IHCA patients at a tertiary care hospital in the United States. The relationship between time-weighted average Vt per predicted body weight (PBW) over the first 6- and 48 h after cardiac arrest and neurologic outcome were assessed using propensity-score adjusted logistic regression. Measurements and main results Of 185 IHCA patients who received invasive mechanical ventilation within 6 h of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), the average Vt over the first 6 h was 7.7 ± 2.0 ml/kg and 68 (36.8%) patients received an average Vt > 8.0 ml/kg. Of 121 patients who received mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h post-ROSC, the average Vt was 7.6 ± 1.5 ml/kg and 46 (38.0%) patients received an average Vt > 8.0 ml/kg. There was no relationship between Vt/PBW over the first 6- or 48 h post-ROSC and neurologic outcome (OR 0.99; 95%CI 0.84–1.16; p = 0.89; OR 1.03; 95%CI 0.78–1.37; p = 0.83 respectively). Conclusions This study did not identify a relationship between Vt and neurologic outcome following IHCA. This contrasts with results in OHCA, where higher Vt has been associated with worse neurologic outcome. Additional investigation is needed with respect to other potential benefits of low-Vt post IHCA.