cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of local magnetic moments induced by itinerant Weyl electrons

We derive the effective interactions between local magnetic moments which are mediated by Weyl electrons in magnetic topological semimetals. The resulting spin dynamics is governed by the induced Heisenberg, Kitaev, and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions with extended range and oscillatory dependence on the distance between the spins. These interactions are realized in multiple competing channels shaped by the multitude of Weyl nodes in the electron spectrum. Microscopic spins need to be spatially modulated with a channel-dependent wave vector in order to take advantage of the interactions. The DM vector is parallel to the displacement between the two interacting spins, and requires the presence of Weyl electron Fermi surfaces. We also derive the Weyl-induced chiral three-spin interaction in the presence of an external magnetic field. This interaction has an extended range as well, and acts upon the spatially modulated spins in various channels. Its tendency is to produce a skyrmion lattice or a chiral spin liquid which exhibits topological Hall effect. Ultimately, the theory developed here addresses magnetic dynamics in relativistic metals even when chiral magnetism is microscopically precluded. We discuss insights into the ordered state of the magnetic Weyl semimetal NdAlSi.
Connected vehicle driving safety enhancement via dynamic communication channel selection

Abstract Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication can cogently improve traffic safety because it grants drivers better situational awareness and strengthens inter-cooperation among them. However, the current policy obliges the safety-critical messages, i.e., Basic Safety Messages (BSMs) and Event Safety Messages (ESMs), to be transmitted exclusively in one single channel over the Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) spectrum, which may incur severe channel congestions, intolerable communication delays, and higher accident probabilities. To alleviate the channel congestion, popular measures focus on adaptively adjusting the transmission parameters, e.g., packet generating rate. However, due to the narrow bandwidth of a single channel, these methods can hardly ensure timely delivery of critical safety-related messages when the density of DSRC-enabled vehicles becomes high. Instead of sticking to only one single channel, this paper applies a dynamic channel selection algorithm to thoroughly exploit the entire DSRC band resource and reduce the transmission delay. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the utilized algorithm, we conduct experiments under two representative scenarios, i.e., a cooperative adaptive cruise control scenario and a run-the-red-light scenario at an intersection. Experimental results show that the transmission delays of both the BSMs and the ESMs could be effectively reduced, yielding an improved vehicle platoon control accuracy, string stability, and collision avoidance performance.
The ‘Cardinality of the Continuum’ Is False in Non-Euclidean Geometries

According Georg Cantor's "Cardinality of the Continuum", as proved in Euclidean geometry, any line segment (not inclusive of its two end points) has as many points as an entire line. This theorem is an underlying assumption of the "Continuum Hypothesis", that conjectures that every infinite subset of the continuum of real numbers $\mathbb{R}$ is either equivalent to the set of natural numbers $\mathbb{N}$, or to $\mathbb{R}$ itself. However, the proof in Euclidean geometry uses parallel lines, and therefore assumes that Euclid's Parallel Postulate is true. But in Non-Euclidean geometries, Euclid's Parallel Postulate is false. In Hyperbolic geometry, at any point off of a given line, there are a plurality of lines parallel to the given line. In Elliptic geometry (which includes Spherical geometry), no lines are parallel, so two lines always intersect. Absolute geometry has neither Euclid's parallel postulate nor either of its alternatives. We provide examples in Spherical geometry and in Hyperbolic geometry where the "Cardinality of the Continuum" is false. Therefore it is also false in Absolute geometry. So it is a false proposition, as is the "Continuum Hypothesis", that falsely assumes that the "Cardinality of the Continuum" is true. Concepts in number theory, such as the "number line" of real numbers, cannot be limited to Euclidean geometry.
Graph Signal Sampling and Interpolation Based on Clusters and Averages

We consider a disjoint cover (partition) of an undirected weighted finite or infinite graph G by J connected subgraphs (clusters) $$\{S_{j}\}_{j\in J}$$ and select functions $$\psi _{j}$$ on each of the clusters. For a given signal f on G the set of its weighted average values samples is defined via inner products $$\{\langle f, \psi _{j}\rangle \}_{j\in J}$$ . The main results of the paper are based on Poincare-type inequalities that we introduce and prove. These inequalities provide an estimate of the norm of the signal f on the entire graph G from sets of samples of f and its local gradient on each of the subgraphs. This allows us to establish discrete Plancherel-Polya-type inequalities (or Marcinkiewicz-Zigmund-type or frame inequalities) for signals whose gradients satisfy a Bernstein-type inequality. These results enable the development of a sampling theory for signals on undirected weighted finite or infinite graphs. For reconstruction of the signals from their samples an interpolation theory by weighted average variational splines is developed. Here by a weighted average variational spline we understand a minimizer of a discrete Sobolev norm which takes on the prescribed weighted average values on a set of clusters (in particular, just values on a subset of vertices). Although our approach is applicable to general graphs it’s especially well suited for finite and infinite graphs with multiple clusters. Such graphs are known as community graphs and they find many important applications in materials science, engineering, computer science, economics, biology, and social studies.
Neuromuscular mechanisms that contribute to gross motor performance in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

PURPOSE This study explored neuromuscular mechanisms and clinical measures that contribute to countermovement jump performance in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL CCS) compared to age- and sex-matched peers. METHODS This exploratory cross-sectional observational study examined 12 participants, six ALL CCS and six age- and sex-matched peers (7-16 years). During a countermovement jump, rates of muscle activation of lower leg muscles were measured with electromyography, and joint torques and peak jump height with force plates and a motion capture system. Clinical measures included muscle extensibility, balance, and mobility measured by active ankle dorsiflexion, Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Proficiency (BOT-2), and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests. RESULTS Compared to peers, ALL CCS demonstrated reduced gastrocnemius muscle extensibility and tibialis anterior rate of muscle activation, decreased jump height, and poorer performance on the BOT-2 and TUG. Jump height was significantly correlated with clinical measures of the BOT-2 and TUG. CONCLUSION These ALL CCS demonstrated neuromuscular impairments that may impact jump performance, an essential childhood physical activity. Further research is needed to explore intervention strategies to improve the neuromuscular mechanisms that contribute to high-level gross motor skills in ALL CCS.
A Rare Case of Latent Tuberculosis Reactivation in the Setting of COVID-19 Infection

Introduction For decades, tuberculosis (TB) remained the leading cause of mortality due to a single infectious agent globally. In 2020, mortality due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic exceeded annual rates of death from TB. The impact of active COVID-19 and TB co-infection remain unclear. We present one of the first documented cases of active TB in the setting of COVID-19 infection in the United States. Case Report A 49-year-old man with a past medical history of mediastinal gray zone lymphoma and hypertension presented to the emergency room with a four-day history of diarrhea and hematochezia. The patient immigrated from Vietnam in 1995. Computed tomography imaging revealed thickening of the sigmoid wall, and bilateral pulmonary ground glass opacities consistent with COVID-19 pneumonia, which was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). He was also neutropenic from recent chemotherapy. On admission, he began experiencing worsening hypoxia with exertion, and was started on remdesivir and dexamethasone for COVID-19 infection. Serial chest radiographs revealed worsening bibasilar opacities. He continued to have higher oxygen requirements and maxed out on high-flow nasal cannula and non-rebreather with 88-90% oxygen saturation, requiring transfer to the intensive care unit. A complete infectious workup was performed at this point. Cytomegalovirus PCR was positive at 1486IU and was started on ganciclovir. A bronchoscopy was performed but all testing was negative, including that for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear. The patient continued to become increasingly hypoxic, acidotic, and septic, and eventually underwent tracheostomy. Twenty days post-bronchoscopy, cultures from the bronchoalveolar fluid came back positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). A new sputum sample was sent and was found to be smear positive (2+ AFB) and MTB PCR positive. The patient was initiated on rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol therapy. Unfortunately, the patient continued to decompensate and was unable to be weaned off the ventilator. Comfort care was initiated by the family and the patient passed away on hospital day 68. Discussion The patient had several risk factors for latent TB reactivation, including malignancy, long-term corticosteroid use, and COVID-19 infection. Early research has shown that risk of death and recovery time with COVID-19 may be higher in patients with previous or active TB compared to those without. In patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and multiple risk factors for immunosuppression, latent TB reactivation should be considered in addition to secondary superinfection.
Active Trumpeter Swan Nest on an Active Muskrat Lodge

We observed Trumpeter Swans (Cygnus buccinator) nesting on top of an active muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) lodge, indicating simultaneous breeding uses of a constructed vegetation mound not previously recorded in the literature. Specifically, within the Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge in southwestern Montana, we observed 4 eggs in an actively tended Trumpeter Swan nest, while underneath the swan nest bowl was a muskrat nursery occupied by 3 neonate muskrats. Swans are known to use abandoned muskrat lodges as nest foundations, but not active lodges. Our observations point to a close association between breeding muskrats and Trumpeter Swans in the shallow wetlands of North America and emphasize the benefit of robust muskrat populations for Trumpeter Swan restoration.
Gut metabolites predict Clostridioides difficile recurrence

Background Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the most common hospital acquired infection in the U.S., with recurrence rates >15%. Although primary CDI has been extensively linked to gut microbial dysbiosis, less is known about the factors that promote or mitigate recurrence. Moreover, previous studies have not shown that microbial abundances in the gut measured by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing alone can accurately predict CDI recurrence. Results We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study of 53 non-immunocompromised participants with primary CDI. Stool sample collection began pre-CDI antibiotic treatment at the time of diagnosis, and continued up to eight weeks post-antibiotic treatment, with weekly or twice weekly collections. Samples were analyzed using: (1) 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, (2) liquid chromatography/mass-spectrometry metabolomics measuring 1387 annotated metabolites, and (3) short-chain fatty acid profiling. The amplicon sequencing data showed significantly delayed recovery of microbial diversity in recurrent participants, and depletion of key anaerobic taxa at multiple time-points, including Clostridium cluster XIVa and IV taxa. The metabolomic data also showed delayed recovery in recurrent participants, and moreover mapped to pathways suggesting distinct functional abnormalities in the microbiome or host, such as decreased microbial deconjugation activity, lowered levels of endocannabinoids, and elevated markers of host cell damage. Further, using predictive statistical/machine learning models, we demonstrated that the metabolomic data, but not the other data sources, can accurately predict future recurrence at one week (AUC 0.77 [0.71, 0.86; 95% interval]) and two weeks (AUC 0.77 [0.69, 0.85; 95% interval]) post-treatment for primary CDI. Conclusions The prospective, longitudinal and multi-omic nature of our CDI recurrence study allowed us to uncover previously unrecognized dynamics in the microbiome and host presaging recurrence, and, in particular, to elucidate changes in the understudied gut metabolome. Moreover, we demonstrated that a small set of metabolites can accurately predict future recurrence. Our findings have implications for development of diagnostic tests and treatments that could ultimately short-circuit the cycle of CDI recurrence, by providing candidate metabolic biomarkers for diagnostics development, as well as offering insights into the complex microbial and metabolic alterations that are protective or permissive for recurrence.
Customary International Law in Times of Fundamental Change: Recognizing Grotian Moments

This is the first book to explore the concept of 'Grotian Moments'. Named for Hugo Grotius, whose masterpiece De jure belli ac pacis helped marshal in the modern system of international law, Grotian Moments are transformative developments that generate the unique conditions for accelerated formation of customary international law. In periods of fundamental change, whether by technological advances, the commission of new forms of crimes against humanity, or the development of new means of warfare or terrorism, customary international law may form much more rapidly and with less state practice than is normally the case to keep up with the pace of developments. The book examines the historic underpinnings of the Grotian Moment concept, provides a theoretical framework for testing its existence and application, and analyzes six case studies of potential Grotian Moments: Nuremberg, the continental shelf, space law, the Yugoslavia Tribunal's Tadic decision, the 1999 NATO intervention in Serbia and the 9/11 terrorist attacks.
HEALTH Omnibus AIDS Bill

The Act comprises a comprehensive package of legislation relating to AIDS. In general, the Act provides procedures and standards for HIV testing in both the criminal and civil contexts; delineates the requirements for confidentiality and counseling regarding AIDS information; provides criminal sanctions for HIV-infected individuals who know they are infected but fail to inform either their sexual partners or those with whom they share needles or syringes; requires the receipt of an AIDS information brochure prior to issuance of a marriage license; and defines HIV as contagious.
Entropy based anomaly detection applied to space shuttle main engines

Automated model-free anomaly and fault detection using large collections of sensor suites is vital to increasing safety and reducing maintenance costs of complex aerospace systems, such as the space shuttle main engine. Current anomaly and fault detection methods are deficient in that they either require a huge amounts of laborious expert analysis or rely on models that fail to capture unmodelled anomalies. To overcome these deficiencies, model-free statistical approaches to this analysis are needed that do not require significant user input. This paper presents two general automated analysis methods that detect anomalies in sensor data taken from large sets of sensors. The first approach uses entropy analysis over the entire set of sensors at once to detect anomalies that have broad system-wide impact. The global nature of this approach reduces its sensitivity to faulty sensors. The second approach uses automated clustering of sensors combined with intra-cluster entropy analysis to detect anomalies and faults that have more local impact. Results derived from the application of these approaches to sensor data recorded from test-stand runs of the space shuttle main engine show that they can be effective in finding faults and anomalies. With test-stand data consisting time-series derived from 147 sensors, the system-wide approach was able to reveal an anomalous mixture ratio programmed by the test-engineers, but not revealed to the authors. Using similar data from a different engine test, the localized clustering approach revealed a fault in the high pressure fuel turbo-pump early in the test-run and subsequent cascaded faults later in the test run. In addition the clustering approach was able to separate sensors that contained little analytic value from more important sensors, potentially reducing the burden of subsequent expert analysis.
Multiple synchronous bilateral Warthin's tumors of the parotid glands with pleomorphic adenoma: Case report and review of the literature

A case of multiple bilateral synchronous Warthin's tumors of the parotid glands with a simultaneous pleomorphic salivary adenoma in one patient is presented. This case appears to be unique. Only three previous cases of multiple synchronous bilateral Warthin's tumors have been reported. The occurrence of salivary tumors of different histologic types in the same patient is also rare. Twenty cases of Warthin's tumor that occurred with pleomorphic salivary adenoma were found in our review of the literature. However, none of these represented synchronous bilateral multiple Warthin's tumors.
In the company of givers and takers.

Employees make decisions every day about whether to contribute to others-and their willingness to help is crucial to group and organizational effectiveness. But in a competitive, often zero-sum, world of work, generosity can be a dangerous path. How can leaders foster it without cutting into productivity, undermining fairness, and allowing employees to become doormats? The key, explains Wharton's Adam Grant, is to help givers reach a more nuanced understanding of what generosity is and is not. They'll be better positioned for sustainable giving when they can distinguish generosity from three attributes that often travel with it: timidity, availability, and empathy. Givers can overcome timidity, Grant says, by learning to act as agents-using "relational accounts" to advocate for others while negotiating for themselves. They can set boundaries on when, how, and whom to help. And they can strive to be perspective takers, not just empathizers, gathering knowledge about others that can lead to more productive allocations of time that will benefit the organization as a whole.
Properties of Thermus ruber Strains Isolated from Icelandic Hot Springs and DNA:DNA Homology of Thermus ruber and Thermus aquaticus.

Seventeen pink-pigmented strains of the genus Thermus were isolated from samples collected from thermal areas of Iceland. The strains were examined by using phenotypic characterization and DNA:DNA homology and were compared with recognized strains. Visually, the strains could be divided into three groups based on their pigmentation; however, spectroscopic studies of the pigments indicated little difference among them. Most strains required a vitamin supplement for growth and used fructose, maltose, mannose, or sucrose as the sole carbon source. In the presence of nitrate, two strains were able to grow under anaerobic conditions. The optimum growth temperature was 60°C; growth did not occur at 30 or 70°C.
Trans Fats: Health, Chemistry, Functionality, and Potential Replacement Solutions

Publisher Summary This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of trans fats, including their health effects, chemistry, sources, properties, and functionality. It also provides an in-depth analysis of fats and oils and their functionality in foods, discusses the relationship between structure, properties, and functionality of Triacylglycerols (TAG) and its constituent fatty acids and addresses how this knowledge can provide an insight into finding ideal trans fat replacement solutions. The holy grail of trans fats replacement solutions is to find an ideal trans fat replacement with an equal or better performance without an increase in saturated fat. The chapter also provides background for such solutions and suggests practical solutions of how to create trans fat replacement solutions, including the ideal designer fats with low saturates as a trans replacement solution. Trans fats, similar to saturated fats, offer desirable food functionality without being labeled as saturated fat. Therefore, Partially Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils (PHVOs) replaced saturated fats in food products. But numerous studies have showed a direct correlation between Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) risk and the consumption of trans fats. These studies have made it very clear that trans fats are responsible for higher CHD incidence and do not provide any nutritional value. There are a number of enabling technologies, such as formulation, trait- enhanced oils, tropical oils and their fractions, and interesterified fats, that are available to eliminate trans fats in food products. The substitution of saturated fat for trans fat is an easy but not healthful solution.
Forecasting Television Service Fields

The propagation of VHF and UHF television signals over a spherical, irregular surface such as the earth is examined theoretically and experimentally and the principal factors evaluated. The principal factors are found to be frequency, meteorology, terrain and vegetation. It is shown that meteorology, terrain and vegetation vary a significant amount geographically and that local values should be used in forecasting local service fields. The principal factors are included in a new empirical method suggested for forecasting the service fields of television stations. The signal forecast by the new method is compared with field-measured signals with good results.
Murine susceptibility to two-stage skin carcinogenesis is influenced by the agent used for promotion

Several approaches were employed to investigate whether murine stock and strain differences in susceptibility to two-stage skin carcinogenesis are due to differences in the metabolism of the initiating aromatic hydrocarbons, or the consequences of the agents used for promotion. A cell-mediated mutagenesis assay was used to quantitatively compare the abilities of cultured newborn SENCAR, DBA/2, C57BL/6 and BALB/c keratinocytes to metabolize dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) to mutagenic and cytotoxic metabolites. At equivalent concentrations of DMBA, throughout a 25-fold range in promutagen concentration, C57BL/6, BALB/c and SENCAR keratinocyte-dependent mutant frequencies were very similar and approximately twice DBA/2 keratinocyte-dependent mutant frequencies. In in vivo tumor studies, C57BL/6 mice were more sensitive than SENCAR mice to complete skin carcinogenesis protocols employing repetitive weekly treatments with DMBA and benzo[a]pyrene (BP). At equivalent concentrations of either DMBA or BP, C57BL/6 mice developed carcinomas sooner, and had a greater number of carcinomas per animal. SENCAR mice were very sensitive to two-stage skin carcinogenesis protocols employing BP and DMBA as initiators and benzoyl peroxide and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as promoters. C57BL/6 mice were relatively refractory to TPA promotion but sensitive to promotion with benzoyl peroxide. These findings suggest that murine stock and strain-dependent differences in sensitivity to two-stage skin carcinogenesis may not be due to major differences in the metabolism of the initiating hydrocarbons, but are partially the consequences of the agents used for promotion.
The electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of partially purified cytochrome b6f complex from spinach

Abstract In addition to the signals exhibited by cytochrome f and a Rieske-type iron-sulfur cluster, cytochrome b 6 f preparations exhibit a broad asymmetric peak near g ∼ 3.7 due to cytochrome- b -563 components and a free radical signal which may be a bound semiquinone. Signals near g ∼ 6 and g ∼ 2.9 correspond at least in part to denatured cytochrome b -563; this suggests the possibility of strained bis-histine ligation in the native cytochrome. UHDBT but not antimycin A has a strong specific effect on the spectra of the complex.
Inhibitors selective for mycobacterial versus human proteasomes

Many anti-infectives inhibit the synthesis of bacterial proteins, but none selectively inhibits their degradation. Most anti-infectives kill replicating pathogens, but few preferentially kill pathogens that have been forced into a non-replicating state by conditions in the host. To explore these alternative approaches we sought selective inhibitors of the proteasome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Given that the proteasome structure is extensively conserved, it is not surprising that inhibitors of all chemical classes tested have blocked both eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteasomes, and no inhibitor has proved substantially more potent on proteasomes of pathogens than of their hosts. Here we show that certain oxathiazol-2-one compounds kill non-replicating M. tuberculosis and act as selective suicide-substrate inhibitors of the M. tuberculosis proteasome by cyclocarbonylating its active site threonine. Major conformational changes protect the inhibitor-enzyme intermediate from hydrolysis, allowing formation of an oxazolidin-2-one and preventing regeneration of active protease. Residues outside the active site whose hydrogen bonds stabilize the critical loop before and after it moves are extensively non-conserved. This may account for the ability of oxathiazol-2-one compounds to inhibit the mycobacterial proteasome potently and irreversibly while largely sparing the human homologue.
Stroke Volume with Dynamic Cardiomyoplasty during Ventricular Fibrillation in the Acute Dog.

The objective of this study was to determine the pumping capability of dynamic cardiomyoplasty during induced ventricular fibrillation. In this acute study of 6 dogs, the pumping capability of the unconditioned left latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle (141 to 292gm), wrapped around both ventricles, was investigated during induced ventricular fibrillation. Left-ventricular and femoral artery pressure, the ECG and aortic root flow velocity were monitored. Prior to inducing ventricular fibrillation, the ability of the unconditioned LD muscle to augment stroke volume (SV), was quantified as the area under the aortic flowvelocity record. The ventricles were then fibrillated and, after 10sec, rhythmic 250msec trains (1/sec) of stimuli (40/sec) were delivered to the thoracodorsal nerve to contract the LD muscle tetanically. In no case could dynamic cardiomyoplasty produce the same SV as when the ventricles were beating normally. In one animal, the SV attained two percent of the normal SV by 5 contractions; in another, the SV reached one percent by 25 contractions. In the remaining animals, the SV varied around 20% of the prefibrillation SV. By 90 contractions, the stroke volume was 10% of the prefibrillation value. The progressive decrease in SV was likely a consequence of LD muscle ischemia and fatigue, since the latissimus dorsi muscle provided low blood flow during the period of fibrillation.
Transient Radiative Heat Transfer From a Sphere Surrounded by a Participating Medium

Transient radiative cooling of a solid or liquid sphere in space, surrounded by a radiatively participating vapor cloud, is considered. A quasi-steady assumption is applied to the radiation transfer in the medium, with the unsteadiness being retained at the inner spherical boundary. The problem is solved by applying the third-order (P3 ) spherical harmonics approximation to the radiative transfer equation for the participating cloud, and a finite difference scheme for transient conduction in the sphere. In general, the presence of a participating medium decreases the cooling rate of the sphere, and cooling curves are presented to show this effect. Effective emissivity of the surface in the presence of a surrounding medium is evaluated, and an approximate explicit equation is given.
Building common ground in global teamwork through re-representation

We explore in this paper the relation between activities, communication channels and media, and common ground building in global teams. We define re-representation as a sequence of representations of the same concept using different communication channels and media. We identified the re-representation technique to build common ground that is used by team members during multimodal and multimedia communicative events in cross-disciplinary, geographically distributed settings. Our hypotheses are as follows: (1) Significant sources of information behind decisions and request for actions are embedded within the fabric of communicative events in which participants use both informal and formal media to express their ideas. Capturing these information sources can facilitate common ground building and accelerate the execution of action requests. (2) Re-representations of concepts, i.e., sequences of representations using diverse media and communication channels, mediate and accelerate common ground building. (3) The use of intra- or interdisciplinary re-representations correlates with high team performance, i.e., effective team process and high product quality. We used AEC Global Teamwork course offered in 2008–2009 as the testbed for our study to validate our hypothesis.
Ornstein-Uhlenbeck threshold regression for time-to-event data with and without a cure fraction.

In this paper we propose a threshold regression (TR) model for time to event data related to subject health using a latent Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) process that fails once it hits a boundary value for the first time. Baseline covariates are incorporated into the analysis using a log-link function for the initial state of the health process. The model provides clinically meaningful covariate effects and does not require the proportional hazards assumption of the commonly used Cox model. Unlike TR models based on the Wiener process, the OU model allows increments in the health process to depend on previous values and drifts toward a state of equilibrium or homeostasis, which are present in many biological applications. We also extend our model to incorporate a cure rate for applications with improper survival functions, such as time to tumor recurrence in a cancer clinical trial. Our models are applied to overall and relapse-free survival data of melanoma patients undergoing definitive surgery.
INTRAPLATE EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS OF THE EASTERN BASIN-RANGE: INFERENCES ON STRUCTURAL STYLE FROM SEISMIC REFLECTION DATA, REGIONAL TECTONICS, AND THERMAL-MECHANICAL MODELS OF BRITTLE-DUCTILE DEFORMATION.

Using 1500 km of industry-released seismic reflection data, surface geology, velocity models from refraction data, and earthquake data, the large extensional structures in the crust of the eastern Basin-Range and its transition into the Middle Rocky Mountains and Colorado Plateau have been studied. It is suggested that the close spatial correlation between normal faults and thrust fault segmentation along the Wasatch Front reflects major east-trending structural and lithological boundaries inherited from tectonic processes associated with the evolution of the cordilleran miogeocline, which began in the Precambrian.
A reciprocal axonal connection between the subthalamic nucleus and the neostriatum in the cat

Injections of wheatgerm agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) into several small regions of the head and body of the caudate nucleus and the putamen of the cat result in retrograde cell-labeling of neurons in the ipsilateral subthalamic nucleus. A mediolateral but no rostrocaudal or dorsoventral topography is apparent in the subthalamostriatal projection. Anterograde transport of WGA-HRP and autoradiography after [3H]amino acid injection of the caudate suggest also a reciprocal striatosubthalamic projection.
Precision Wavelengths and Energy Levels in Gold

The spectrum of gold from several different light sources has been investigated. Precision measurements have yielded new data on wavelengths and energy levels in Au i, Au ii, and Au iii. The spectrum from a high-intensity hollow-cathode lamp with a secondary discharge from an extra pair of electrodes to reduce line broadening and self-reversal was studied with a high-resolution Czerny–Turner spectrograph from 2600 to 9600 A. This study yielded an accurate line list along with information on the hyperfine structure of levels in Au i and the first observations of hyperfine splittings in Au ii. Few lines from levels with high orbital angular momentum were seen, providing information on the type of excitation in this kind of lamp. Autoionization in gold is reported for the first time, and broad lines 1–5 cm−1 wide were classified as arising from two autoionizing levels in Au i. The vacuum-ultraviolet spectrum from a condensed spark was studied, and new lines were found in Au ii and Au iii
Energy filtered magnetic induction mapping

Abstract We have implemented an energy-filtered magnetic induction mapping technique on a JEOL 4000EX equipped with a Gatan Imaging Filter. We present an example application of the technique to the study of the magnetic domain structure in Terfenol-D, a magnetostrictive actuator material. The method is equivalent to Differential Phase Contrast microscopy by the reciprocity theorem. To support the observations we have also implemented an image simulation algorithm which permits direct computation of all stages of the induction mapping process.
Task Force Orientation and Dyadic Relations in Organized Chinese Alien Smuggling

This article describes the nature and features of Chinese crime organizations in alien smuggling. Data gathered in this study indicate that smuggling activities are carried out largely by entrepren...
Walking with Odysseus: The Portico Frame of the Odyssey Landscapes

This article examines the cultural and artistic context of one of the most famous Roman frescoes, the Odyssey Landscapes. It argues that the painting's fictive portico frame would have evoked in the Roman viewer the experience of the ambulatio, the act of walking for leisure and contemplation that came to be an essential element of a properly Hellenized otium. The painted portico thus puts the viewers in the proper frame of mind to appreciate the intellectual associations of the painting as they walk with Odysseus on a parallel journey of philosophical reflection.
Kinematics and Metallicity of Stars in the Solar Region

Several samples of nearby stars with the most accurate astrometric and photometric parameters are searched for clues to their evolutionary history. The main samples are (1) the main-sequence stars with b - y between 0.29 and 0.59 mag (F3 to K1) in the Yale parallax catalog, (2) a group of high-velocity subgiants studied spectroscopically by Ryan & Lambert, and (3) high-velocity main-sequence stars in the extensive investigation by Norris, Bessel, & Pickles. The major conclusions are as follows: (1) The oldest stars (halo), t ≥ 10–12 Gyr, have V-velocities (in the direction of Galactic rotation and referred to the Sun) in the range from about -50 to -800 km s-1 and have a heavy-element abundance [Fe/H] of less than about -0.8 dex. The age range of these objects depends on our knowledge of globular cluster ages, but if age is correlated with V-velocity, the youngest may be M22 and M28 (V ~ -50 km s-1) and the oldest NGC 3201 (V ~ -500 km s-1) and assorted field stars. (2) The old disk population covers the large age range from about 2 Gyr (Hyades, NGC 752) to 10 or 12 Gyr (Arcturus group, 47 Tuc), but the lag (V) velocity is restricted to less than about 120 km s-1 and [Fe/H] ≥ -0.8 or -0.9 dex. The [Fe/H] ~ -0.8 dex division between halo and old disk, near t ~ 10–12 Gyr, is marked by a change in the character of the CN index (Cm) and of the blanketing parameter K of the DDO photometry. (3) The young disk population, t < 2 Gyr, is confined exclusively to a well-defined area of the (U, V) velocity plane. The age separating young and old disk stars is also that separating giant evolution of the Hyades (near main-sequence luminosity) and M67 (degenerate helium cores and a large luminosity rise) kinds. The two disk populations are also separated by such indexes as the g-index of Geveva photometry. There appears to be no obvious need to invoke exogeneous influences to understand the motion and heavy-element abundance distributions of the best-observed stars near the Sun. Individual stars of special interest include the parallax star HD 55575, which may be an equal-component binary, and the high-velocity star HD 220127, with a well-determined space velocity near 1000 km s-1.
Intrahousehold Resource Allocation in an Uncertain Environment

The literature on risk management by agricultural households has made important contributions to our understanding of household-level economic decisions in developing countries. Because incomes from particular farming enterprises fluctuate widely depending on weather, crop prices, and macroeconomic policies, households adopt a number of strategies to smooth their consumption. One approach is to diversify the sources of income for the household. The members of peasant households may engage in farming, trading and other business activities, and wage labor (Reardon, Delgado, and Matlon). When household members are involved in multiple activities and pool their income, total household income may be less subject to extreme variation. Morduch notes "mitigating risk through production choices can be costly since typically expected profits must be sacrificed for lower risk" (p. 104). This approach to risk management may be costly for the household. Over the past three decades, economists have used theories of household risk management and consumption smoothing to explain behavior observed in peasant households. For example, the purchase and sale of assets are frequently used as a means of savings and consumption smoothing when there are limited formal financial institutions. Marriage decisions may establish kin relationships with people in areas that experience different weather and production shocks (Rosenzweig and Stark). Although it may seem inefficient for households to farm numerous small plots that are widely scattered, this strategy provides some protection against location-specific crop failures from bad weather or pests (McClosky, Walker and Ryan). The extensive literature on contracting and sharecropping arrangements focuses on the role that these institutions play in minimizing a household's exposure to risk (Hoff, Braverman, and Stiglitz). All of these theories assume that households
64Cu-labeled lissamine rhodamine B: a promising PET radiotracer targeting tumor mitochondria.

Enhanced mitochondrial potential in carcinoma cells is an important characteristic of cancer. It is of great current interest to develop a radiotracer that is sensitive to mitochondrial potential changes at the early stage of tumor growth. In this report, we present the synthesis and evaluation of 64Cu-labeled Lissamine rhodamine B (LRB), 64Cu(DOTA-LRB) (DOTA-LRB = 2-(6-(diethylamino)-3-(diethyliminio)-3H-xanthen-9-yl)-5-(N-(2-(2-(4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclo-dodecan-1-yl)acetamido)ethyl)sulfamoyl)benzenesulfonate) as a new radiotracer for imaging tumors in athymic nude mice bearing U87MG human glioma xenografts by positron emission tomography (PET). We also explored its localization mechanism using Cu(DOTA-LRB) as the fluorescent probe in both the U87MG human glioma cell line and the cultured primary U87MG glioma cells. It was found that 64Cu(DOTA-LRB) had the highest tumor uptake (6.54 ± 1.50, 6.91 ± 1.26, 5.68 ± 1.13, 7.58 ± 1.96, and 5.14 ± 1.50%ID/g at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 24 h post...
Substitution effects in intramolecular aziridine–allylsilane cyclizations

Abstract We report here the synthesis of an aziridine tethered to a substituted allylsilane via a substituted tether. These tether-substituted aziridine–allylsilanes cyclize differently upon treatment with BF 3 ·OEt 2 than tether-unsubstituted aziridine–allylsilanes and provide a 6- endo -type product. We show that steric interactions between the N -substituent of the aziridine and substitution on the tether can control the product distribution.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Titanium(IV)−Salen Complexes Containing Oxygen and Chloride Ligands

The reaction of in situ-generated Ti(OiPr)2(X)2 (X = OAr, OTf) with H2salen or H2salen* yields the stable, well-characterized Ti(salen)X2 series of complexes. Ti(salen*)(OTf)2 could also be synthesized by reacting the previously unknown Ti(salen*)Cl2 with TMSOTf or AgOTf. The ditriflates could be converted back to the aryloxides upon reaction with 2 equiv of NaOAr. Ti(salen)(4-tert-butyphenoxy)2 was characterized by X-ray crystallography and found to contain a pseudoplanar salen ligand with two axially coordinated aryloxide ligands. H2salen and H2salen* were also found to cleanly react with in situ-generated Ti(OiPr)3(X) (X = OC(O)R, OTf) to yield the unsymmetrically substituted Ti(salen)(OiPr)(X) and Ti(salen*)(OiPr)(X) complexes, respectively. In the case of X = OTf, the isopropoxide ligand could be cleanly protonated with 4-tert-butylphenol to yield Ti(salen)(OAr)(OTf) in high yield. This complex could also be accessed by the comproportionation reaction of Ti(salen)(OAr)2 and Ti(salen)(OTf)2.
A double law of comparative judgment for the analysis of preferential choice and similarities data

By virtue of certain modifications in the Law of Comparative Judgment, equations are developed which (i) permit the construction of a joint scale of individuals and items, as in the case of attitude measurement, directly from their pair-comparison preferences, and (ii) take into account the variable of laterality which is significant for the construction of group preference scales.
Use of the sodium salt of poly(vinylsulfonic acid) as a low-molecular-weight displacer for protein separations by ion-exchange displacement chromatography

Abstract The sodium salt of poly(vinylsulfonic acid) (PVSNa), molecular weight 2000, a low-molecular-weight polyelectrolyte, has been identified as a suitable displacer for the concentration and purification of protein mixtures. This displacer has been tested on the separation of ovalbumin from conalbumin, and the fractionation of heterogeneous ovalbumin. The displacement characteristics of the polyelectrolyte were a strong function of the carrier pH, and a pH for good displacement development of heterogeneous ovalbumin has been identified. The displacer can be efficiently removed from the exchanger with a mild regeneration protocol. In this regard, the low-molecular-weight polyelectrolyte appears to have a significant advantage over high-molecular-weight ion-exchange displacers used in the past. Solvent requirements for regeneration and re-equilibration are significantly lower with PVSNa, suggesting the use of molecular weight to tailer ion-exchange displacers with desirable characteristics with respect to both column development and regeneration.
The Monsters We Create: Woman on the Edge of Time and Frankenstein

Abstract Discussions of Marge Piercy's Woman on the Edge of Time (1976) have tended to focus on the striking characteristics of the utopian future she portrays—appropriately enough, for Piercy has commented, “What I was doing was taking all my favorite ideas out of the various movements for social change that were around and attempting to give them as concrete a form as possible so it would seem real” (Gifford 15). The novel has also evoked frequent extended comparisons with other feminist utopian fiction of the 1970s. Critics have gained historical perspective on the novel by looking to the tradition of utopian writing, in particular Charlotte Perkins Gilman's Herland (1915).
InAs/Ga1-xInxSb superlattices for infrared applications

We report the successful growth of EnAs/Gai_InSb strained-layer superlattices, which have been proposed for far-infrared applications. Samples were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and characterized by reflection high energy electron diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, and photoconductivity. Excellent structural quality is achieved for superlattices grown on thick, strain relaxed GaSb buffer layers on GaAs substrates at fairly low substrate temperatures (< 400 °C). Photoluminescence and photoconductivity measurements indicate that the energy gaps of the strained-layer superlattices are smaller than those of InAs/GaSb superlattices with the same layer thicknesses, in agreement with the theoretical predictions of Smith and Mailhiot.1'2 In the case of a 45 A/28 A InAs/Gao.751no25Sb superlattice, an energy gap of 80meV (> 15 jim) is measured. These resuits suggest that far-infrared cutoff wavelengths are compatible with the thin superiattice layers required for strong optical absorption in type-Il superlattices.
Humoral factors important in resistance of salmonid fish to bacterial disease. I. Serum antibody protection of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) against vibriosis

Abstract Serum antibody is shown by passive immunization and absorption experiments to be an important component of defense mechanisms against experimentally induced vibriosis in rainbow trout ( Salmo gairdneri ). Antigen from heat-killed Vibrio anguillarum injected into trout with Freund's complete adjuvant induced much higher agglutinin titers than formalin-killed bacteria with or without adjuvant, or heat-killed bacteria without adjuvant. Passively transferred trout anti- Vibrio anguillarum serum provided protection against experimental vibriosis in trout for more than 2 months. Passively transferred anti- Vibrio anguillarum rabbit serum also protected trout.
Les fractures métaphysaires du tibia proximal de l’enfant, par accident de trampoline, ne progressent pas nécessairement en valgus : une série de sept cas et une brève revue de littérature☆

Abstract Background Fracture of the proximal tibial metaphysis in children is a rare injury but notorious for carrying the risk of subsequent valgus deformity of the tibia. Hypothesis Trampoline-caused fracture of the proximal tibial metaphysis in children may not progress into valgus. Materials and methods We followed up six children who collectively sustained seven fractures of the proximal tibial metaphysis while trampolining with other heavier and/or older children. Initial and follow-up x-rays were reviewed by an orthopaedic surgeon and two radiologists. Results None of the patients developed valgus deformity with follow-up. Conclusion Trampoline is associated with a specific type of injury to the proximal tibia when children are trampolining with other heavier children even without falling off the trampoline. This fracture is linear and complete, often non-displaced. Unlike “other” proximal tibial metaphyseal fractures, trampoline-associated proximal tibial metaphysical fracture in children is not associated with a risk of subsequent valgus deformity. Level of Evidence Level 4. Type of study: case series.