cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric and Psychosocial Consequences of Pediatric Epilepsy

Psychiatric and psychosocial complications with pediatric epilepsy are more common than with other chronic medical illnesses. Epilepsy is a disorder of hyperexcitable neurons and may have direct neurophysiologic effects leading to psychiatric comorbidity. Epilepsy also requires significant lifestyle adjustment, and the psychosocial impact on children and their families may be severe. The scientific literature is underrepresented in terms of diagnosis and management of psychiatric and psychosocial comorbidity associated with pediatric epilepsy. However, recent scientific efforts have assisted in highlighting the impact of these comorbidities and in bringing them to greater clinical attention. This review incorporates the available evidence with an aim to describe effective strategies for diagnosis and management.
Pentraxin-3 and the right ventricle: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis-right ventricle study

Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) is a protein mediator of innate immunity that is elevated in the setting of left heart disease and pulmonary arterial hypertension. The relationship between PTX3 and right ventricular (RV) structure and function is not known. We included men and women with magnetic resonance imaging assessment of RV structure and function and measurement of PTX3 from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, a study of individuals free of clinical cardiovascular disease. Multivariable linear regression estimated associations between PTX3 protein levels and RV measures after adjusting for demographic characteristics, anthropometrics, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and corresponding left ventricular (LV) parameters. Instrumental variable analysis exploiting Mendelian randomization was attempted using two-stage least squares regression. The study sample included 1,779 participants with available PTX3 levels, RV measures, and all covariables. Mean PTX3 level was 2.1 ng/mL. Higher PTX3 was independently associated with greater RV mass and larger RV end-diastolic volume with and without adjustment for the corresponding LV parameters or C-reactive protein (all P < .05). There was no association between PTX3 and RV ejection fraction or stroke volume. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms were not associated with PTX3 protein levels or RV measures after accounting for race. Instrumental variable analysis could not be reliably performed. Higher PTX3 protein levels were associated with greater RV mass and larger RV end-diastolic volume. These associations were independent of common cardiovascular risk factors and LV morphologic changes. Inflammation is associated with differences in the pulmonary circulation-RV axis in adults without clinical cardiovascular disease.
GaS: A Gateway Scheduling-Based Beamforming Scheme for Handoff Support in Wireless Mesh Networks

Fast handoff support is a basic requirement for an Internet-based wireless mesh network (WMN), aiming to guarantee mobile users continuous connection to the Internet, regardless of their physical locations or moving trajectory. Due to the multihop transmission of network-layer handoff signaling packets, handoff performance in WMNs can be largely degraded by the increasing number of wireless hops as well as the channel access contentions between data and signaling packets in the mesh backbone. However, these issues are ignored in existing handoff solutions and multichannel medium-access control schemes. In this paper, we address the seamless handoff support from a different perspective and propose a gateway scheduling-based (GaS) beamforming scheme for handoff support in single-radio multichannel multihop WMNs. Our proposed beamforming scheme can realize single-hop handoff signaling packet transmissions and eliminate the channel contentions between data and signaling packets. Simulation results show that the total handoff delay is significantly improved using our proposed GaS beamforming scheme under various scenarios, as compared with existing handoff solutions in multihop WMNs. In addition, due to the single-hop transmission of signaling packets, the signaling overhead in the wireless mesh backbone can be substantially reduced.
N = 4 supersymmetric monopoles and the vanishing of the β function

Abstract We discuss the implications of the self-duality hypothesis for the N = 4 super YM theory on the behavior of the β function. We show that the conjectured vanishing of β would lead to a proof of the self-duality property.
Changing competitiveness in world soybean markets

Competitiveness in world markets is the foundation upon which the GATT negotiations and the New Economic Order are built. In this article the changing competitiveness in world soybean markets is evaluated relative to government policy and natural resources. The landed cost of soybeans at Rotterdam and Japan favors Argentina and Brazil over the US. For soybeans and soybean products combined, the US has steadily lost export market share from about 95% in the early 1970s to 45% in 1990. The Brazilian share has grown to 30% and the Argentine share to 16% in this same period. A fundamental shift from the export of soybeans to more soybean product exports has occurred largely because of policies favoring product exports from Argentina and Brazil.
Jet-cooled fluorescence spectra and carbonyl wagging potential energy functions of tetrahydrofuran-3-one and tetrahydrothiophen-3-one in their S1(n,π∗) excited states

Abstract The jet-cooled fluorescence excitation spectra of states of tetrahydrofuran-3-one and tetrahydrothiophen-3-one have been recorded and analyzed. The carbonyl inversion bands, which arise from double-minimum potential energy functions in the excited states, were fit with functions of the form V = ax 4 − bx 2 or V = cx 2 + d exp (− fx 2 ). The furanone was found to have an inversion barrier in the S 1 (n,π∗) state of 1152 cm −1 (13.8 kJ mol −1 ) while the thiophenone has a barrier of 659 cm −1 (7.9 kJ mol −1 ). The two molecules have their potential energy minima for the S 1 (n,π∗) state at carbonyl wagging angles of 26 and 20°, respectively. The results here, together with previous data for several other cyclic ketones, demonstrate that the inversion barrier increases with the ring angle strain at the ketone carbon atom.
Another cause for incompatibility: gestational priming of women by tissue antigens of men

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) has emerged as a major therapeutic for endstage blood cell diseases. However, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which results from the priming of donor T cells by the recipient's minor histocompatibility (H) antigens, is a serious, often fatal, impediment
Outpatient percutaneous screw fixation of the acute Jones fracture

Nine patients (8 men and 1 woman, ranging in age from 17 to 22 years) who sustained a Jones fracture were treated with percutaneous intramedullary screw fixation as outpatients. All of the patients were varsity athletes. Seven were Division I scholarship athletes. Beginning at 7 to 10 days after surgery, all patients were allowed weightbearing as tolerated with a CAM walker. Stationary bicycling, swimming, and Stairmaster were allowed at 2 to 3 weeks. The average return to running was 5.5 weeks (range, 3 to 10). The average return to full competition was 8.5 weeks (range, 7 to 12). No perioperative or postoperative complications occurred. Average followup was 2.5 years. All fractures attained clinical and radiographic union. We believe that outpatient percutaneous intramedullary screw fixation of the acute Jones fracture is a reasonable alternative for those active patients who would have difficulty with a non-weightbearing cast and crutches or who desire an expeditious return to activities. Time restraints are particularly critical for in-season or preseason athletes. With the outpatient screw fixation method, our patient population had predictable healing, and they returned to full sports participation within 12 weeks.
The interaction of trimethyl amine with a polyvinyl alcohol surface

Abstract Because of their use as curing agents in epoxy systems, alkyl amines play an important role in the surface chemistry of polymers. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray excited Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES), and temperature programmed desorption have been used to study the interaction of trimethyl amine (TMA) with thin polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films. At ≈ 100 K, TMA adsorbs molecularly and temperature programmed desorption indicates that physisorbed TMA desorbs below 150 K while hydrogen-bonded TMA desorbs over a broad temperature range from 150 to 220 K. The N(KVV) Auger lineshape of monolayer amounts of TMA on PVA shows that the main interaction of the amine with polymer surface is through the nitrogen lone-pair electrons. This result suggests that the adhesion-promoting chemical reactions induced at this polymer surface are of a hydrogen-bonding nature. PVA is damaged by exposure to X-rays and electron beams which induce chemical changes at the hydroxyl group. At an electron beam energy of 350 eV, this desorption is a first-order process, with a desorption cross-section of 1.4 (±0.1) × 10-16 cm2.
Traditional and Cybernetic Sciences Combine to Combat Human Viruses

Earlier this year Science asked readers to imagine what life would be like in the year 2050. Here, we present the final December installment of these fictional essays.
LEPTOSPIROSIS IN AN URBAN SETTING: CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF AN EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASE

Leptospiosis is a common zoonosis affecting most mammals. Leptospirosis has protean manifestations ranging from a flu-like illness to fulminant hepatic and renal failure culminating in death. Although the diagnosis is often not considered upon presentation, the literature suggests that leptospirosis is a reemerging infectious disease in urban centers throughout the industrialized world. It will be incumbent upon Emergency Physicians to include this spirochetal disease in the differential diagnosis of febrile patients with appropriate risk factors and symptomatology. We present the case of a 36 year-old woman who presented to the Emergency Department with fever and hypotension. We review the literature on leptospirosis with specific focus on risk factors and pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome.
Improvement in wheelchair propulsion in pediatric wheelchair users through resistance training: A pilot study

Six children, three with cerebral palsy and three with myelomeningocele, participated in a progressive, 8-week, circuit muscular strength training program. The program was designed to improve wheelchair propulsion, an important functional outcome. Subjects performed three sets of six-repetition maximum (6-RM) upper body strength exercises, three times a week. Exercises included shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, internal and external rotation, elbow flexion, extension, and shoulder flexion/elbow extension (bench press). Subjects exercised quickly with little rest between each set for approximately 30 minutes per session. All children used wheelchairs extensively and participated in a 50-m, and a 12-minute wheelchair propulsion test before and after the 8-week program. The sign test was used to determine if statistically significant (P < or = .05) wheelchair propulsion or 6-RM changes occurred over the training period. Subjects improved significantly (P < or = .031) in all muscular strength (6-RM) measures and the 12-minute distance test. There was a trend toward improvement in the 50-meter test, although this change was not significant (P < or = .05). The results indicate that progressive resistance exercise training seems to improve muscular strength and wheelchair performance in selected disabled children.
If Not Here, Where? Understanding Teachers’ Use Of Technology In Silicon Valley Schools

AbstractThis article presents results of a survey conducted in the spring of 2004 of practicing teachers in K–12 schools in Santa Clara County, California, also known as “Silicon Valley.” Exposure to technology in teaching preparation programs, knowledge of software applications, and constructivist beliefs were found to be positively related to more frequent use of technology by teachers, both for themselves and their students. Other factors such as availability of technical support also seem to affect frequency of technology use. It is argued that the individual teachers do not mainly determine technology integration in K–12 classrooms, even in technology-centric regions such as Silicon Valley, but that other technology-specific and contextual factors also play critical roles.
Comparative in vivo behavior studies of cyclen-based copper-64 complexes: regioselective synthesis, X-ray structure, radiochemistry, log P, and biodistribution.

The in vivo behavior of copper(II)−cyclen complexes was modified via substitution of the parent ligand with two different substituents, 4-tert-butylbenzyl and acetate. This was achieved by using sa...
Planning for the Automation of School Library Media Centers

F r mos t school l ibrary med ia special ists the quest ion is no longer whetherto au tomate bu t w h e n a n d how long it will take. Over the pas t twenty years media special ists have been instal l ing mic rocompute r s and au toma t ing m a n y media center funct ions . Many med ia centers are highly automated while others still employ traditional card catalogs and m a n u a l c i rculat ion sys tems. This article is directed at the media centers t h a t are in the early s tages of au toma t ing or are implement ing a major new system. In 1993 Keable, Williams, and Inkster found tha t 25% of Minnesota school l ibrary media centers have adopted an electronic online public access catalog (OPAC) and a b a n d o n e d their t radi t ional card catalog. The same s t u d y found a similar t r end in the use of electronic reference mater ia ls with 18% of school l ibrary media centers us ing one or more reference materials in a CD-ROM format. Over the next five years , fifty pe rcen t of the m e d i a specia l i s t s p lanned to a u t o m a t e with an OPAC. These s tat istics from Minnesota are repeated in o ther localities t h r o u g h o u t the country .
Industry perspectives on university research programs

Nowadays, university research programs in power systems engineering are strongly dependent on industry support. In the past, US government funds from DOE and NSF were more readily accessible. Unless power faculty & researchers are funded adequately, the power programs in universities will gradually disappear. With the imminent challenges posed by the aging workforce in the US, unless we provide a pipeline of fresh new power system graduates, our industry will suffer and more & more work is likely to be out-sourced. This is a critical time for our industry to be more pro-active with universities. This paper presents thoughts on how to build & maintain synergies between industry and university power research programs.
The effects of spinosad on Culex quinquefasciatus and three nontarget insect species.

Abstract Spinosad is a relatively new insecticide with a unique mode of action that is being evaluated for control of larval mosquitoes. Whereas a number of toxicological studies have measured effects of spinosad on various animals, few have been conducted on the effects of spinosad on nontarget, aquatic insect species. Such studies are important as these species might be found in the same environments as mosquito larvae targeted for control. A neighborhood pond was surveyed to find a representative species of mosquito as well as other common aquatic insects with which to examine susceptibility to spinosad and nontarget effects. The mosquito species chosen was Culex quinquefasciatus and the most common nontarget taxa were immature stages of a mayfly (Caenis sp., Ephemeroptera: Caenidae), a damselfly (Ischnura sp., Odonata: Coenagrionidae), and a dragonfly (Pachydiplax longipennis, Odonata: Libellulidae). Bioassays of mosquitoes from a reference susceptible strain (Sebring-S) and field collections of Cx. q...
Antiskid control for aircraft via extremum-seeking

A novel method of antiskid control for transport aircraft is proposed. After robustly stabilizing the hydraulics using an inner-loop controller based on feedback linearization and H/sub /spl infin// theory, a sinusoidal signal of small amplitude is injected into the brake pressure to estimate, in real-time, tyre-runway friction properties. This information is used by the algorithm to keep the friction coefficient slightly less than the maximum allowed by the runway conditions. This results in much smoother braking compared to controllers currently in operation, which try to reach the maximum. Consequently, passenger comfort will be improved and component wear will be reduced, while achieving comparable or better stopping performance. In some cases, several hundred feet of improvement in stopping distance is possible, as demonstrated via realistic simulations based on a detailed model of the MD-90 aircraft.
Liver, Gallbladder, and Extrahepatic Bile Ducts

Both benign and malignant hepatic neoplasms and tumourlike lesions provide interesting clues in tumour pathogenesis. This chapter discusses these tumours, with special emphasis on the two most common primary neoplasms, hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. The epidemiology, the various aetiologic factors, pathophysiologic concepts, and pathology are presented with brief mention on clinical presentations and treatment options and outcomes. Additionally, a brief discussion of tumours of the gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary system is also included. Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma; cholangiocarcinoma; gallbladder carcinoma; extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma; angiosarcoma; hepatoblastoma; viral hepatitis; cirrhosis
Cultural Considerations in Serving Children With ASD and Their Families: Asian American Perspective

The author of this article reviews cultural differences that will guide clinicians when providing services to Asian American children with autism and discusses culturally based clinical issues/suggestions for working successfully with Asian American families. Theory is followed using examples from three sources: (a) the author’s direct experience, (b) a Korean parent support group, and (c) a one-time open dialogue event among Asian parents of children with autism and professionals who serve them.
A double-barrel stent-graft for endovascular repair of the aortic arch.

Purpose:To extend the role of endovascular aneurysm repair in the presence of angulation and dilatation of the distal arch that compromise the proximal implantation site.Case Report:A 70-year-old m...
A Time Allocation Study of University Faculty.

Many previous time allocation studies treat work as a single activity and examine trade-offs between work and other activities. This paper investigates the at-work allocation of time among teaching, research, grant writing and service by science and engineering faculty at top US research universities. We focus on the relationship between tenure (and promotion) and time allocation, and we find that tenure and promotion do affect the allocation of time. The specific trade-offs are related to particular career paths. For example, full professors spend increasing time on service at the expense of teaching and research while longer-term associate professors who have not been promoted to full professor spend significantly more time teaching at the expense of research time. Finally, our results suggest that women, on average, allocate more hours to university service and less time to research than do men.
The Rhetoric of Institutional Theory

INSTITUTIONS ARE a collective device by which we gather up the many loaves and fishes of the facts of social living into the miracle basket of conceptualization. More than that, institution is a word with strongly externalistic connotations which belie the largely internalistic character of the institutional phenomenon. The concept, "institutional behavior," refers to shared and public aspects of an incredibly diversified subjectivity; it is, at bottom and throughout, a personal experience word-but a word which nonetheless describes the public behavior of individuals. In this discussion institutions will be considered-after the manner of Cooley, Bernard, Arnold, among others-as a behavioral complex of people, roles, effort, norms, equipment and symbols. These components of the institutional complex will be regarded as a corresponding set of analytical dimensions-associative, dramatistic, economic, normative, instrumental and communicative-each of which will be briefly discussed in turn.
Image reconstruction for EM penetration and interference

Complex aircraft structures, such as those of helicopters, are modeled using full-wave solvers of Maxwell's equations, such as the finite difference time-domain method. Using these techniques, color images of penetrating electromagnetic fields inside a helicopter fuselage, primarily through the aircraft windshield which is electromagnetically transparent, are reconstructed. These images are color coded to represent the penetrating field intensity and are used to identify potential "hot spots" within the airframe. These hot spots, of the reconstructed images of the penetrating electromagnetic field, can interfere with digital systems installed in the aircraft and can cause a digital upset of the system. Selected examples of color coded images from penetrating electromagnetic fields inside the AII-64A Apache helicopter are included. The level of the penetrating fields is a function of the size and material of the windshield, as well as the incidence angle, frequency, and polarization of the electromagnetic wave.
Static path approximation for the nuclear partition function

Abstract We propose to approximate the many-body partition function for a system of interacting Fermions by summing static paths of the Hubbard-Stratonovich representation. We demonstrate with a simple two-level model that the approximation is superior to finite temperature Hartree theory. Corrections to the approximation to second order in the inverse temperature are readily evaluated.
Maximal Actomyosin ATPase Activity and In Vitro Myosin Motility Are Unaltered in Human Mitral Regurgitation Heart Failure

Myofibrillar but not actomyosin ATPase is depressed in failing myocardium from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Since there is a similar depression of myofibrillar ATPase in mitral regurgitation myocardium, we investigated whether or not the hydrolytic and mechanical performances of myosin are altered by comparing the maximal actomyosin ATPase activity and the in vitro myosin motility of myocardial myosin from patients with mitral regurgitation heart failure with that of patients with normal ventricular function. The results show that there is no significant difference (P>.05) between nonfailing and failing values for either the maximal actomyosin ATPase activity (0.3 s−1·head−1) or the myosin motility (1 μm/s). These observations suggest that changes, other than in the myosin heavy chain, contribute to the altered myocardial performance in mitral regurgitation myocardium.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL HYDRODYNAMICS ON FINITE ELEMENTS. PART I: LINEARIZED HARMONIC MODEL

SUMMARY The linearized three-dimensional hydrodynamic equations are solved numerically for periodic motions, subject to a linear slip condition at the bottom. The structure of the linearized equations allows an exact uncoupling of the horizontal and vertical computations, so that they may be achieved sequentially rather than simultaneously, and without iteration. The solution strategy involves simple horizontal Co finite elements for the description of free surface elevation. Vertical variations in velocity may be treated analytically for some special variations of viscosity with depth; more generally the finite element method is employed with onedimensional linear elements. Because of the uncoupling, the entire three-dimensional solution scales as a twodimensional vertically averaged problem. The limiting two-dimensional problem may be solved as a Helmholtz-type problem for elevation alone, using established techniques. Solutions for test problems are compared with known analytic solutions. Some simple gridding rules are established for the vertical discretization. Finally, a field application is shown involving the tidal response of the Lake Maracaibo (Venezuela) system.
Autophagy in Ischemic Heart Disease

Autophagy is a major catabolic pathway by which mammalian cells degrade and recycle macromolecules and organelles. It plays a critical role in removing protein aggregates, as well as damaged or excess organelles, to maintain intracellular homeostasis and to keep the cell healthy. In the heart, autophagy occurs at low levels under normal conditions, and defects in this process cause cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. However, this pathway is rapidly upregulated under environmental stress conditions, including ATP depletion, reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Although autophagy is enhanced in various pathophysiological conditions, such as during ischemia and reperfusion, the functional role of increased autophagy is not clear and is currently under intense investigation. In this review, we discuss the evidence for autophagy in the heart in response to ischemia and reperfusion, identify factors that regulate autophagy, and analyze the potential roles autophagy might play in cardiac cells.
Free tissue reconstruction of the hypopharynx after organ preservation therapy: analysis of wound complications.

Purpose: Previous series have demonstrated a 77% rate of major wound complications in salvage surgery of the larynx following organ preservation protocols. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence of wound complications in these patients when microvascular free tissue transfers are used for reconstruction of the hypopharynx. Design: Retrospective case series. Setting: Academic tertiary care center. Patients and Method: We reviewed the medical records of 42 patients with stage III and IV laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with an organ-sparing protocol consisting of induction chemotherapy followed by definitive radiation therapy. Ten of these patients who required surgical salvage were reconstructed using radial forearm free tissue or lateral arm transfer and constitute the study group. Main Outcome Measures: Wound complications. Results: Wound complications occurred in 2 patients (20%) undergoing free flap reconstruction of the hypopharynx after organ preservation protocols, which was significantly lower (2p1 = .003) than previous reports using other forms of closure and/or reconstruction. One patient in this study group had a small pharyngocutaneous fistula that resolved with conservative therapy after 1 week. The other patient had a larger pharyngocutaneous fistula that resolved over 3 weeks. The mean interval from completion of the chemoradiation regimen to surgery was 21.3 months (range, 2-60 mo). The average free tissue flap size was 94.3 cm 2 (range, 45-165 cm 2 ). Average harvest and ischemia times were 59 minutes (range, 41-87 min) and 187.7 minutes (range, 120-240 min), respectively. All flaps survived, and one patient had a minor donor site wound dehiscence. The average hospital stay was 7.8 days. There were no mortalities in this series. Conclusions: Our results suggest that free tissue transfer reconstruction of the hypopharynx is the preferred method of reconstruction following combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy protocols. Surgical complications are significantly reduced and hospital stays are minimized.
Measuring School Contexts.

This article describes issues in measuring school contexts with an eye toward understanding students’ experiences and outcomes. I begin with an overview of the conceptual underpinnings related to measuring contexts, briefly describe the initiatives at the National Center for Education Statistics to measure school contexts, and identify possible gaps in those initiatives that if filled could provide valuable new data for researchers. Next, I discuss new approaches and opportunities for measurement, and special considerations related to diverse populations and youth development. I conclude with recommendations for future priorities.
Biology of Parasitoids (Hymenoptera) Attacking Dasineura oxycoccana and Prodiplosis vaccinii (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Cultivated Blueberries

Abstract The blueberry gall midge, Dasineura oxycoccana (Johnson), and blueberry tip midge, Prodiplosis vaccinii (Felt) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), are recurring cecidomyiid pests of cultivated blueberries in the southern United States and Mediterranean Europe. Insecticides can give short-term control, but overlap in parasitoid phenologies indicates the potential for natural control of midge populations. Using a combination of laboratory rearing and mitochondrial DNA analysis of field samples, we identified five species of solitary endoparasitoids that killed 30–40% of midges. These species include at least three undescribed platygastrids in the genera Synopeas, Platygaster, and Inostemma. An undescribed prepupal idiobiont, Aprostocetus sp. (Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae) was the only midge parasitoid that was consistently active when rabbiteye blueberries, Vaccinium ashei Reade, were in flower. Six percent of midge prepupae, half of which already contained platygastrid larvae, were parasitized by Aprostocetus.
Minireview: The Complexities of IGF/Insulin Signaling in Aging: Why Flies and Worms Are Not Humans

A remarkable plasticity in life span has been uncovered in recent years, offering hope that the basic mechanisms of aging and interventions that delay aging may be identified in the coming decades. Life span extension has been achieved by genetic manipulation in multiple organisms including Sarcomyces cervisae, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila melanogaster, resulting in more than a doubling of life span in some cases. Typically, a reduction in function has been the most effective approach to extending life span, and a reduction in the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway appears to provide the most robust increase in life span. This highly conserved pathway integrates growth/survival signals with nutrient status. In mammals, it comprises part of the neuroendocrine axis, a critical regulator of growth and development. Reduced functionality of the neuroendocrine axis itself promotes life span extension in mammals; however, reduced activity of the IGF-1 signaling pathway specifically leads to less robust increases in life span. This review examines the differences in the insulin/IGF-1 axis between invertebrate and mammalian systems and discusses implications of these differences in terms of life span modulation.
The Generalized Vandermonde Matrix

(1984). The Generalized Vandermonde Matrix. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 57, No. 1, pp. 15-21.
Li-Anode Protective Layers for Li Rechargeable Batteries via Layer-by-Layer Approaches

Li–anode protective layers were fabricated using layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly. The simple deposition on a polymer support membrane of an ionic conductive polymer and graphene oxide (GO) resulted in high ionic conductivity, controlled electrolyte permeability, and high-Li-transfer number. The uniformly coated LbL protective layer suppressed Li dendritic growth on the Li surface and improved Li electrode cyclability. This makes it possible to use Li metal for rechargeable Li batteries.
Comments on “Technology Policies and Learning with Imperfect Governance ” by Mushtaq H. Khan

1. The paper rightly emphasizes the key problems of technological, and particularly organizational, capabilities in the acquisition of tacit knowledge and organizing the relevant production and learning processes and their financing in the early stages of development. It gives illustrations from two successful cases of sector-specific financing mechanisms from countries otherwise quite deficient in economic governance-one from the car industry in India and the other from the garment industry in Bangladesh.
Tyrannicide: forging an American law of slavery in revolutionary South Carolina and Massachusetts

Tyrannicide tells the story of a Spanish privateer, Victoria, sailing of the Charleston harbor in May 1779. What followed was a series of improbable turns of fortune. The Victoria was attacked by a...
An unstable domain in the vicilin genes of higher plants.

The genes for the vicilin seed storage proteins of higher plants code for proteins that fall roughly into two size classes. All the vicilin genes descended from a single ancestral gene, and there is considerable homology among the amino acid sequences of all vicilin proteins except in an NH2-terminal domain that is present only in the vicilins of the large size class. This domain, composed largely of charged residues, has diverged greatly. Its nucleotide composition in all species is high in G + A (sense strand) and the domain contains long polypurine.polypyrimidine tracts. Slippage in replication due to non-B DNA structures (for example, H-DNA) resulting from these tracts is considered to be the cause of the rapid divergence of this domain.
“White Paper” meeting summary and catalyst for future inquiry: Complex mechanisms linking neurocognitive dysfunction to insulin resistance and other metabolic dysfunction

Scientific evidence has established several links between metabolic and neurocognitive dysfunction, and epidemiologic evidence has revealed an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia in patients with diabetes. In July 2015, the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases gathered experts from multiple clinical and scientific disciplines, in a workshop entitled “The Intersection of Metabolic and Neurocognitive Dysfunction”, to clarify the state-of-the-science on the mechanisms linking metabolic dysfunction, and insulin resistance and diabetes in particular, to neurocognitive impairment and dementia. This perspective is intended to serve as a summary of the opinions expressed at this meeting, which focused on identifying gaps and opportunities to advance research in this emerging area with important public health relevance.
Magnetic resonance elastography of the brain

MR Elastography (MRE) is an emerging technique capable of noninvasively and quantitatively measuring stiffness of tissue. Performing MRE of the brain has presented unique technical challenges, including the introduction of shear waves through the skull, as well as performing sampling and processing of a 3D displacement field. Using an accelerated spin-echo EPI sequence allows fast volumetric acquisitions that fully sample the required extent of k-space. Initial work has demonstrated an emerging role for MRE in both diffuse diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis and normal pressure hydrocephalus, as well as focal lesions, such as meningiomas.
Evaluation of the Alphasense optical particle counter (OPC-N2) and the Grimm portable aerosol spectrometer (PAS-1.108)

We compared the performance of a low-cost (∼$500), compact optical particle counter (OPC, OPC-N2, Alphasense) to another OPC (PAS-1.108, Grimm Technologies) and reference instruments. We measured the detection efficiency of the OPCs by size from 0.5 to 5 μm for monodispersed, polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres. We then compared number and mass concentrations measured with the OPCs to those measured with reference instruments for three aerosols: salt, welding fume and Arizona road dust. The OPC-N2 detection efficiency for monodispersed was similar to the PAS-1.108 for particles larger than 0.8 μm (minimum of 79% at 1 μm and maximum of 101% at 3 μm). For 0.5-μm particles, the detection efficiency of OPCN2 was underestimated at 78%, whereas PAS-1.108 overestimated concentrations by 183%. The mass concentrations from the OPCs were linear (r ≥ 0.97) with those from the reference instruments for all aerosols, although the slope and intercept were different. The mass concentrations were overestimated for dust (OPC-N2, slope = 1.6; PAS-1.108, slope = 2.7) and underestimated for welding fume (OPC-N2, slope = 0.05; PAS-1.108, slope = 0.4). The coefficient of variation (CV, precision) for OPC-N2 for all experiments was between 4.2% and 16%. These findings suggest that, given site-specific calibrations, the OPC-N2 can provide number and mass concentrations similar to the PAS-1.108 for particles larger than 1 μm.
Mitigation of malicious modifications by insiders in databases

Insider threat is considered as a serious issue in all organizations. Sophisticated insiders can override threat prevention tools and carry on their attacks with new techniques. One such technique which remains to be an advantage for insiders to attack a database is dependency relationship among data items. This paper investigates the ways by which an authorized insider detects dependencies in order to perform malicious write operations. The paper introduces a new term 'threshold', which defines the constraints and limits a write operation could take. Having threshold as the key factor, the paper proposes two different attack prevention systems which involve log and dependency graphs that aid in monitoring malicious activities and ultimately secure the data items in a database. Our proposed systems continuously monitor all the data items to prevent malicious operations, but the priority is to secure the most sensitive data items first since any damage to them can hinder the functions of critical applications that use the database. By prioritizing the data items, delay of the system is reduced in addition to mitigating insider threats arising from write operations.
Georgia Dunham Kelchner, Dreams in Old Norse Literature and Their Affinities in Folklore: Cambridge University Press, 1939.

(1940). Georgia Dunham Kelchner, Dreams in Old Norse Literature and Their Affinities in Folklore. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 151-152.
Postwar Years 1919–1929

After the American Meteor Society’s (AMS) dramatic membership increases in 1915 and 1916, when active membership rose to 30 and 35, respectively, the Society’s membership declined to 19 during 1917 as many young men joined the military after the USA declared war on the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy) that same year.
Polar Coding for Secure Transmission and Key Agreement

Achieving information theoretic security with practical coding complexity is of definite interest. This work first focuses on the key agreement problem. For this problem, a new cross-layer secure coding protocol over block fading channels is proposed. The proposed scheme requires only the statistical knowledge about the eavesdropper channel state information (CSI), and, utilizing a privacy amplification technique, reduces the problem of key agreement to a provably secure coding problem per block. Focusing on this secure coding problem, it is shown that polar codes, introduced by Arikan, achieve nonzero perfect secrecy rates for the binary-input degraded wiretap channel while enjoying a remarkably low encoding-decoding complexity. We further show that, in the special case of symmetric main and eavesdropper channels, this coding technique achieves the secrecy capacity. This approach is also extended to the multiple-access channel with a degraded eavesdropper where a nontrivial achievable secrecy region is established. This polar coding method is then utilized in the proposed key agreement protocol, where the secure coding per block is used to create an advantage for the legitimate nodes over the eavesdropper, which is then turned into a private key via the privacy amplification module.
Properties of odd gap superconductors

Abstract A new class of superconductors with the gap function odd under time reversal is considered. Some of the physical properties of these superconductors such as the Meissner effect, composite condensate, gapless spectrum and transition from the odd gap superconductor to the BCS state at lower temperatures are discussed.
College Admissions Policy of International Students: Theory and Evidence

As college education has become one of the leading export industries in the U.S., issues related to international students have attracted increasing attention. In this paper, we investigate potential explanations for the recent expansion in enrollments of undergraduate international students, with a particular focus on an analysis of the supply-side of educational services. Our theoretical and empirical work identifies an important determinant of differences across colleges in the enrollment of different types of students, namely the level of states' financial support of 4-year public institutions. Specifically, public colleges increase the proportion of out-of-state students in general, and international students in particular during the 2008 to 2012 period, as these students on average pay higher tuition rates, and thus can provide additional tuition revenue and offset the loss of state support. This adjustment is particularly large for selective institutions. Moreover, estimates using administrative student visa data with country of origin information suggest that the growth in international students is largely Chinese students. Further, we find evidence that these changes in the composition of the student body at public colleges have been accompanied by changes in tuition rates and student body size. These changes have important implications with respect to human capital acquisition across student types with type defined by home location and ability.
Fusing fleet in-service measurements using Bayesian networks

Abstract Correctly estimating future failures in aging ship structures is a significant challenge. This manuscript explores a model updating approach based on fusing different visually observable physical records of structural degradation: permanent set of plating and fatigue crack initiation. A probabilistic S-N fatigue model is coupled to a permanent set model via a Bayesian network. Observations of permanent set and fatigue cracks are entered as evidence into this network. Through Bayesian inference, the network updates underlying loading and fatigue capacity models. These updated models are then used to forecast future failures. The proposed model is tested against Monte Carlo simulated service history data on five vessels from a larger fleet. The fusion of permanent set and fatigue together produces a more accurate estimate of future failures than using either failure mode alone. The benefit of fusing multiple visually observable measurements to update underlying structural models to provide fleet-wide prognosis appears promising, with further improvements possible with additional refinement.
A response to Elisabeth T. Vasko: The risk and reward of teaching about sexual assault for the theologian on a Catholic campus

This article is a response to Elisabeth T. Vasko's essay “Civic Learning and Teaching as a Resource for Sexual Justice: An Undergraduate Religious Studies Course Module” published in this issue of the journal.
Current commutation relations for interacting fields

A procedure for obtaining the dependence of conserved currents on the fields they generate is developed by imposing gauge invariance on a nonlocal definition of the Lagrangian. This explicit non-classical field dependence is exhibited for several interactions and shown to be sufficient to yield the necessary equality of the current-current and current-field commutators when interactions with massive fields are considered.
Simulations of Turbulent Flow Over Complex Terrain Using an Immersed-Boundary Method

We present an immersed-boundary method to simulate high-Reynolds-number turbulent flow over the complex terrain of Askervein and Bolund Hills under neutrally-stratified conditions. We reconstruct both the velocity and the eddy-viscosity fields in the terrain-normal direction to produce turbulent stresses as would be expected from the application of a surface-parametrization scheme based on Monin–Obukhov similarity theory. We find that it is essential to be consistent in the underlying assumptions for the velocity reconstruction and the eddy-viscosity relation to produce good results. To this end, we reconstruct the tangential component of the velocity field using a logarithmic velocity profile and adopt the mixing-length model in the near-surface turbulence model. We use a linear interpolation to reconstruct the normal component of the velocity to enforce the impermeability condition. Our approach works well for both the Askervein and Bolund Hills when the flow is attached to the surface, but shows slight disagreement in regions of flow recirculation, despite capturing the flow reversal.
Perceptions of Justice in Employee Benefits

Research has found that benefits are relevant in the fairness assessments of employees (Arnold T, Spell C, J Bus Psychol 20:599–620, 2006; Tremblay M, Sire B, Pelchet A, Hum Relat 51:667–688, 1998). Also, research has shown that employee perceptions of how fairly they are being treated have important implications for many business-related outcomes, including productivity and satisfaction (Greenberg J, J Manage, 16:399–432, 1990), mental health (Tepper BJ, Organ Behav Hum Decis Process 86:197–215, 2001), and conflict (Cropanzano R, Bowen DE, Gilliland SW, Acad Manage Perspect 21(4):34–48, 2007). We, therefore, discuss three contemporary issues associated with justice and benefits. First, while benefits represent a significant business expense, the costs of minimizing benefits may ultimately be more costly if the level of benefits is seen as unfair. Second, the relevance of justice perceptions with respect to benefits is less clear compared to what we know about other types of compensation. Third, we consider group as well as individual level effects on perceptions of justice related to benefits. Finally, recommendations are made for alleviating the detrimental effects of injustice.
The effect of acute experimental retinal vein occlusion on cat retinal vein pressures.

Purpose Retinal ischemic damage associated with retinal vein occlusion is exacerbated by fluid extravasation and hemorrhage, which may be caused by increased permeability, elevated intravascular pressure, or both. Direct measurement of the retinal vein pressure in the cat after acute experimental retinal vein occlusion may define the role of intravascular pressures in fluid extravasation associated with this condition. Methods Intravenous retinal pressure measurements were obtained using a micropipette connected to a servonull device and positioned by a robot micromanipulator, while a major retinal vein near the optic disc was occluded by argon laser radiation delivered through an optical fiber positioned by a manual micromanipulator. After occlusion, retinal vein pressures were measured on both sides of the occlusion site at a controlled intraocular pressure of 20 mm Hg. Results Upstream of the occlusion site, the retinal vein pressures were not greatly elevated, although they were significantly different from controls. Downstream vein pressures were significantly lower than controls, but vascular collapse near the optic nerve was not observed. Conclusions In retinal vein occlusion, venous pressures in a segmental retinal circulatory bed are not substantially elevated, thus implying the presence of a pressure-release mechanism and implicating vascular damage for the increased transvascular fluid flux. The lack of vascular collapse downstream of the occlusion site suggests collateral communication before a large intraocular pressure-dependent resistance segment that lies between the intraocular and extraocular vessels.
Over-the-Counter (O/C) Drugs

The over-the-counter (O/C) drugs discussed in this chapter include nonprescription hypnotics (containing atropinelike [anticholinergic] substances and antihistamines), nonprescription antianxiety drugs (usually containing substances similar to the O/C hypnotics), O/C analgesics (containing aspirin, phenacetin, and aspirinlike products), nonprescription stimulants and diet pills, and most laxatives. Because of the wide array of substances involved, each subsection represents a minichapter following the usual chapter format.