cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clock-Voltage Co-Regulator With Adaptive Power Budget Tracking for Robust Near-Threshold-Voltage Sequential Logic Circuits

This paper presents a post-regulation power management integrated circuit for energy harvesting applications. It incorporates a power budget tracking mechanism to adaptively control the power consumption of a near-threshold-voltage microcontroller based on the time-varying available input power. In addition, the proposed integrated circuit adapts the clock frequency of the microcontroller to the supply voltage under the time-varying input available power to prevent timing violations for the sequential logics of the microcontroller. A prototype shows the adaptive power budget tracking can correct timing violations with only 6.26uA quiescent current. It also properly operates sequential logic circuits at as low as 188mV supply voltage and 1.61MHz clock without interruption when powered by a solar energy harvester under the light illuminance range of 1000–6000lx. This adaptive power tracking structure enables the near-threshold-voltage microcontroller to maintain a continuous operation at optimized processing speed under the varying power condition without violating the timing requirements.
UNIT 13.2 Labeling Cultured Cells with 32Pi and Preparing Cell Lysates for Immunoprecipitation

This unit describes 32PI labeling and lysis of cultured cells to be used for subsequent immunoprecipitation of proteins. The procedure is suitable for insect, avian, and mammalian cells and can be used with both adherent and nonadherent cultures. The protocol described is 32PI labeling of adherent or nonadherent (e.g., hematopoietic) cells with subsequent lysis in a detergent buffer. More rigorous lysis conditions to be used for working with proteins that are difficult to solubilize are also described.
Friction between a plane strain circular indenter and a thick poroelastic substrate

Abstract This paper presents a computational study on the role of poroelasticity in gel friction. Motivated by recent experimental studies in the literature, we develop a plane strain finite element model to elucidate the contact mechanics between a circular indenter and a thick poroelastic substrate under both normal and shear loadings. Two cases are considered: i) steady state sliding under fixed normal displacements, and ii) relaxation under fixed normal and shear displacements. In steady state sliding, we find that a net friction force can arise even if no intrinsic adhesive or frictional interaction is implemented at the indenter/substrate interface. Such friction force exhibits a non-monotonic dependence on the sliding velocity and peaks at an intermediate velocity. Our model reveals that this friction force is induced by poroelastic diffusion in the gel substrate which can lead to considerable asymmetry in both the contact profile and contact pressure. In terms of relaxation, if the indenter/substrate interface is set to be frictionless, we find that the friction force induced by poroelasticity relaxes to zero with a characteristic time much faster than that of the normal force. When a finite friction coefficient is introduced at the interface, the normalized relaxation curve for the friction force approaches that for the normal force as the friction coefficient increases. These modeling results suggest that poroelasticity can be an important contributing mechanism for gel friction.
Screening for alcohol use disorders in college student drinkers with the AUDIT and the USAUDIT: a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Background: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and its consumption subscale (AUDIT-C) are international gold standard screeners for identifying at-risk drinkers. Items have been ...
Chapter 8 – Leigh Syndrome

Leigh syndrome represents one of the most common pediatric-onset mitochondrial diseases. It can occur due to mitochondrial DNA encoded or nuclear DNA encoded mutations. Children generally present with symtoms from infancy or a regression in functioning after a period of typical development. Symptoms are predominantly due to basal ganglia, brainstem or cerebellar dysfunction. The disease is progressive over months to years.
Supercontinuum generation in single-crystal YAG fibers

Many optical metrology applications require light that is both coherent and broadband. Supercontinuum (SC) spanning several wavelength octaves is an obvious candidate for such applications. Optical fibers are a natural platform for SC generation due to the long interaction length of light within the fiber which allows for broad SC which can ultimately be used as a tunable narrowband source. For tunability in the mid-IR regime, YAG fibers are an excellent candidate due to their high transparency, Kerr nonlinearity, and damage threshold. In our work, we study SC in undoped crystalline YAG fibers produced via laser-heated pedestal growth. We use femtosecond pulses to generate SC in fiber, pumping at several wavelengths ranging out to the mid-IR. Studying the power-dependence of SC generation, we use SC width and shape as indicators of mechanisms that generate SC at each pump wavelength.
Changes in motile benthic faunal community structure following large-scale oyster reef restoration in a subtropical estuary

Abstract Restored oyster reefs support diverse communities of motile benthic organisms (small fishes and macroinvertebrates). These communities represent a critical component of estuarine food webs and frequently include juveniles of ecologically and economically important species that utilize oyster reefs as nurseries. Oyster-related metrics are commonly used to quantify restoration success, yet it is also important to examine communities of oyster-associated organisms when attempting to identify ecological convergence between natural and restored oyster reefs. Here, we compare the community composition of motile benthic organisms over time at one restored and three natural oyster (Crassostrea virginica) reefs in the Loxahatchee River estuary (Florida, USA) as one means of assessing restoration success. We also examine the effects of vertical relief on motile benthic organisms following restoration. The community of motile benthic organisms at the 1.93-ha restoration reef gradually began to resemble natural communities in the months following reef construction. Within ~22 months, biomass and community composition were similar between natural and restored habitats. At that point, the mean biomass of motile benthic organisms at the restoration site had reached 83.6 g/m2 (versus 89.8 g/m2 at nearby natural reefs), and the restored reef supported >1600 kg of small, motile, oyster-associated organisms. Biomass values increased more rapidly in high-relief sections of the restored reef (30 cm vs. 15 cm reef height), particularly during the first year following restoration. High-relief areas were also characterized by increased oyster densities, greater oyster-generated rugosity, and decreased sedimentation. Our findings suggest that small differences in reef design can have important implications for restoration success as well as food web structure and dynamics via shifts in community composition.
AXL Inhibition Induces DNA Damage and Replication Stress in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells and Promotes Sensitivity to ATR Inhibitors.

AXL, a TAM (TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK) family receptor tyrosine kinase, is increasingly being recognized as a key determinant of resistance to targeted therapies, as well as chemotherapy and radiation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other cancers. We further show here that high levels of AXL and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition were frequently expressed in subsets of both treatment-naive and treatment-relapsed NSCLC. Previously, we and others have demonstrated a role for AXL in mediating DNA damage response (DDR), as well as resistance to inhibition of WEE1, a replication stress response kinase. Here, we show that BGB324 (bemcentinib), a selective small-molecule AXL inhibitor, caused DNA damage and induced replication stress, indicated by ATR/CHK1 phosphorylation, more significantly in TP53-deficient NSCLC cell lines. Similar effects were also observed in large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) cell lines. High AXL protein levels were also associated with resistance to ATR inhibition. Combined inhibition of AXL and ATR significantly decreased cell proliferation of NSCLC and LCNEC cell lines. Mechanistically, combined inhibition of AXL and ATR significantly increased RPA32 hyperphosphorylation and DNA double-strand breaks and induced markers of mitotic catastrophe. Notably, NSCLC cell lines with low levels of SLFN11, a known predictive biomarker for platinum and PARP inhibitor sensitivity, were more sensitive to AXL/ATR cotargeting. These findings demonstrate a novel and unexpected role for AXL in replication stress tolerance, with potential therapeutic implications. IMPLICATIONS: These findings demonstrate that the combination of AXL and ATR inhibitors could be a promising therapeutic combination for NSCLC, LCNEC, and other cancers.
Break on through: radical psychiatry and the American counterculture: by Lucas Richert, Cambridge, MIT Press, 2019, 224 pp., US$26.95 (hardcover), ISBN 9780262042826

Alongside Michael Staub’s Madness is Civilization, Oisin Wall’s The British Anti-Psychiatrists, and recent work on Laingian radical and countercultural psychiatry, Lucas Richert’s Break on Through ...
Post-Fire Vegetation Response in a Repeatedly Burned Low-Elevation Sagebrush Steppe Protected Area Provides Insights About Resilience and Invasion Resistance

Sagebrush steppe ecosystems are threatened by human land-use legacies, biological invasions, and altered fire and climate dynamics. Steppe protected areas are therefore of heightened conservation importance but are few and vulnerable to the same impacts broadly affecting sagebrush steppe. To address this problem, sagebrush steppe conservation science is increasingly emphasizing a focus on resilience to fire and resistance to non-native annual grass invasion as a decision framework. It is well established that the positive feedback loop between fire and annual grass invasion is the driving process of most contemporary steppe degradation. We use a newly developed ordinal zero-augmented beta regression model fit to large-sample vegetation monitoring data from John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, USA, spanning seven years to evaluate fire responses of two native perennial foundation bunchgrasses and two non-native invasive annual grasses in a repeatedly burned, historically grazed, and inherently low-resilient protected area. We structured our model hierarchically to support inferences about variation among ecological site types and over time after also accounting for growing-season water deficit, fine-scale topographic variation, and burn severity. We use a state-and-transition conceptual diagram and abundances of plants listed in ecological site reference conditions to formalize our hypothesis of fire-accelerated transition to ecologically novel annual grassland. Notably, big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) and other woody species were entirely removed by fire. The two perennial grasses, bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata) and Thurber’s needlegrass (Achnatherum thurberianum) exhibited fire resiliency, with no apparent trend after fire. The two annual grasses, cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae), increased in response to burn severity, most notably medusahead. Surprisingly, we found no variation in grass cover among ecological sites, suggesting fire-driven homogenization as shrubs were removed and annual grasses became dominant. We found contrasting responses among all four grass species along gradients of topography and water deficit, informative to protected-area conservation strategies. The fine-grained influence of topography was particularly important to variation in cover among species and provides a foothold for conservation in low-resilient, aridic steppe. Broadly, our study demonstrates how to operationalize resilience and resistance concepts for protected areas by integrating empirical data with conceptual and statistical models.
Associations of intimate partner violence and financial adversity with familial homelessness in pregnant and postpartum women: A 7-year prospective study of the ALSPAC cohort

Objective To determine whether emotional and physical intimate partner violence (IPV) and financial adversity increase risk of incident homelessness in pregnancy and the post-partum period. Study design Data were drawn from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, which starting in 1990 mailed questionnaires to 14,735 mothers in the UK, over 7 years from pregnancy onwards. Marginal structural models and multiple imputation were used to address time-varying confounding of the primary variables, testing for interaction between concurrent emotional/physical IPV and financial adversity, and adjusted for baseline age, ethnicity, education, partner's alcohol use, parity, depression, and social class. Results Emotional IPV (HR 1.44 (1.13,1.84)), physical IPV (HR 2.05 (1.21,3.49)), and financial adversity (HR 1.59 (1.44,1.77)) each predicted a multiplicative increase in the discrete-time hazard of incident homelessness. We identified joint effects for concurrent emotional IPV and financial adversity (HR 2.09 (1.35,3.22)) and concurrent physical IPV and financial adversity (HR 2.79 (1.21,6.44)). We further identified a temporary decline in self-reported physical IPV among mothers during pregnancy and up to 8 months post-partum. Conclusions Emotional and physical IPV and financial adversity independently and jointly increase the risk of incident homelessness. The effects of emotional and physical IPV are comparable to or greater than the risk of financial adversity. Homelessness prevention policies should consider IPV victims as high-risk, regardless of financial status. Furthermore, self-reported physical IPV declines temporarily during pregnancy and up to 8 months post-partum. Screening for IPV in this period may miss high-risk individuals.
The Mahalia Jackson Reader: by Mark Burford, New York, Oxford University Press, 2020, xii, 458 pp., $45 (hardback), ISBN 978-0-19-046165-2

One may assume that Mahalia Jackson research is a well-worn path of inquiry, but Mark Burford’s latest contribution to the body of literature disregards limitations that have been placed on gospel ...
Prostate-Centric vs. Bony-Centric Registration in the Definitive Treatment of Node-Positive Prostate Cancer With Simultaneous Integrated Boost: A Dosimetric Comparison.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) To determine the impact of daily shifts based on rigid registration to intraprostatic markers (IPMs) on coverage of boost doses delivered to gross nodal disease for prostate cancer. MATERIALS/METHODS Seventy-five cone-beam CTs (CBCTs) from 15 patients treated with definitive radiation for clinically node-positive prostate cancer underwent fiducial-based and pelvic bony-based registration to the initial planning scans. Gross tumor volumes of nodal boost targets were contoured directly on each CBCT registration. The nodal displacement (3-dimensional translation from the node centroid on planning CT to node centroid on registered CBCT) and dose coverage (minimum dose [Dmin], mean dose [Dmean], dose delivered to 95% of the GTV [D95]) were calculated for each registration on all nodal targets. All doses for each node were normalized to its prescription dose (dose covering 95% of a 3 mm PTV expansion). RESULTS Forty-one gross nodal targets were analyzed. Most boosted nodes (80.5%, 33/41) were treated with volumetric-arc radiation therapy (VMAT), while 19.5% (8/41) underwent stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Dmin, Dmean, and D95 were all significantly lower with fiducial-based registration compared to bony-based registration (P < 0.0001). Nodal displacement was significantly higher for fiducial-based registrations (P < 0.0001). The 3-dimensional translation between the fiducial-based and bony-based registrations (bony-to-fiducial vector) was the most significant predictor of nodal displacement (P < 0.0001). On fiducial-based registrations, a 3-5 mm gross nodal PTV margin is sufficient in most directions; however, superior and posterior margins of 8-9 mm are required as a result of asymmetric prostatic motion. CONCLUSION Large and anisotropic PTV margins are likely needed to adequately dose gross nodal targets when patient setup is based on rigid registration to IPMs. Alternative approaches such as adaptive replanning may be required to overcome these limitations.
Detection of second primary lung cancers on surveillance imaging following stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract Introduction/Background: Second primary lung cancers (SPLC) are common following non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Development of SPLC following stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) may differ as compared to surgical cohorts. We report incidence of and outcomes for SPLC detected by surveillance imaging in a cohort of patients treated with SABR. Materials/Methods: Patients treated with SABR for node-negative NSCLC between 02/2007-05/2019 were retrospectively identified. Patient characteristics, frequency of surveillance imaging, development of SPLC, recurrence patterns, and survival were reviewed. Surveillance CT was performed Q3-4 month year one, Q3-6 month year 2, Q6-12 month year 3-5, and Q12 month thereafter. Actuarial estimates of development of SPLC and overall survival (OS) were generated with competing risk analysis. Results: We identified 134 patients treated with SABR with ≥6 months follow up. Eighteen (13.4%) developed a total of 21 SPLC at a median of 28.5 months (range 3.0-84.7 months) following SABR, 19 (90.5%) biopsy-proven. Twenty (95.2%) SPLC were detected by surveillance imaging. Three patients developed 2 metachronous SPLC. Three and 5-year SPLC estimates were 11.7% and 13.1%. Eighteen (85.7%) SPLC were treated with curative intent. Two and 3-year estimate of OS following detection of SPLC was 79.8% and 54.7%. Conclusion: SPLC were more common in our cohort than other published studies. Outcomes following surveillance detected SPLC are similar to those of de novo early stage lung cancers. The high frequency of SPLC in our cohort suggests further studies to refine overall surveillance in very high-risk populations are needed.
REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE PORCINE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

To meet the need for relevant regional central nervous system (CNS) tissue properties, the authors measured the material response of two regions of the CNS: the brainstem and the cerebrum. Specifically, adult porcine tissue was subjected to high loading rate mechanical deformation using a custom designed oscillatory shear device. Complex shear moduli were calculated over a range of frequencies (20-200 Hz) at two engineering strain amplitudes (2.5%, and 5.0%). For 2.5% strain, the magnitude of the storage modulus was significantly greater (about 20%) for the brainstem than the cerebrum, while the loss modulus showed no regional dependence. As a result, the complex modulus, G, showed no statistical difference between regions for 2.5% strain. For 5.0% strain, both components of the complex modulus of the brainstem were greater than those of the cerebrum (about 80%). At this strain, the regional difference in G was statistically evident. The modulus calculations at the higher strain magnitude should be incorporated into current anatomically detailed finite element models (FEM's). These region-specific differences provide essential information for enhancing the understanding of traumatic brain injury mechanisms. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD E201172.
Regularity of an inverse problem in wave propagation

This work is devoted to determine appropriate domain and range of the forward map from the coefficients to the solutions of the multi-dimensional wave equation for which the forward map attains certain regularity properties. The first result concerns an explicit upper bound of its linearization or formal derivative and the properties of the coefficients on which the bound depends. In view of results for the smooth coefficient case, the estimate is optimal. We then present recent results on continuity and differentiability of the forward map as well as continuity of the linearized forward map. Information concerning regularity properties of the forward map is indispensable in the study of the inverse problem via smooth optimization methods. The usefulness of our results and some directions for future research are also discussed.
Worm detection, early warning and response based on local victim information

Worm detection systems have traditionally focused on global strategies. In the absence of a global worm detection system, we examine the effectiveness of local worm detection and response strategies. This paper makes three contributions: (1) we propose a simple two-phase local worm victim detection algorithm, DSC (Destination-Source Correlation), based on worm behavior in terms of both infection pattern and scanning pattern. DSC can detect zero-day scanning worms with a high detection rate and very low false positive rate. (2) We demonstrate the effectiveness of early worm warning based on local victim information. For example, warning occurs with 0.19% infection of all vulnerable hosts on Internet when using a /12 monitored network. (3) Based on local victim information, we investigate and evaluate the effectiveness of an automatic real-time local response in terms of slowing down the global Internet worms propagation. (2) and (3) are general results, not specific to certain detection algorithm like DSC. We demonstrate (2) and (3) with both analytical models and packet-level network simulator experiments.
Criteria for the Selection of Penetrating Hydrophobic Sealers Used in the Repair of Concrete Parking Decks

Deterioration of reinforced concrete building decks has developed into a multimillion dollar problem. Penetrating hydrophobic sealers and membrane coatings are available that seal the concrete surfaces and can slow or prevent deterioration. Field and laboratory tests can be used to determine whether or not application of hydrophobic sealers may be effective in limiting leakage and deterioration in trafficked concrete building decks, or if a membrane coating system is required. A typical program for this determination is discussed.
Image guided focused ultrasound: development of a comprehensive treatment planning, monitoring and control, and assessment

MRgFUS offers unambiguous advantages over other current treatment modalities, as it is noninvasive and does not use ionizing radiation. Further, ultrasonically-controlled stable and inertial microbubble oscillations exert forces that can, among others, activate cell’s mechanoreceptors, disrupt cellular and vascular membranes, accelerate the dissolution of blood clots, enhance thermal ablation, and induce localized tissue erosionetc. FUS can also be used transcranially for tumor ablation, blood-brain barrier disruption, neuromodulation, etc. Harnessing and, potentially, combining these abilities holds great promise for therapy and diagnosis of cancer and cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases and disorders. For the wide-spread use of these approaches, development of methods and technology to enable precise planning, monitoring and control, and assessment of their outcome are essential.
Human Diversity and Its History

In the last decade a large amount of new genetic data from human populations has appeared. The most informative of the new loci are STR (short tandem repeat) polymorphisms, because they are not subject to the ascertainment biases that affect classical markers and SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms). These loci show a marked diversity cline away from Africa, as they should if a version of the SOM (single origin model) is correct for our species. But the new data have not given us many insights into ancient population history and movements: they generally show that neighboring populations are similar to each other and that similarity declines with geographic distance. Much interesting human history has been blurred and erased by recurrent local gene flow. Other genetic and non-genetic markers, like language and physical appearance, may have better “memories” and tell us more about ancient populations movements and relationships.
Image reconstruction in digital breast tomosynthesis by total variation minimization

The total variation (TV) minimization algorithm for image reconstruction in few-view computed tomography is applied to image reconstruction in digital breast tomosynthesis. In the TV minimization algorithm, there is a parameter that regulates how close the estimated data should be to the actual projection data. The effect of this parameter on the reconstructed images is investigated. In addition, realistic noise is added to the simulated projection data.
Transcriptional profile of isoproterenol-induced cardiomyopathy and comparison to exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy and human cardiac failure

Isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice has been used in a number of studies to model human cardiac disease. In this study, we compared the transcriptional response of the heart in this model to other animal models of heart failure, as well as to the transcriptional response of human hearts suffering heart failure. We performed microarray analyses on RNA from mice with isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and mice with exercise-induced physiological hypertrophy and identified 865 and 2,534 genes that were significantly altered in pathological and physiological cardiac hypertrophy models, respectively. We compared our results to 18 different microarray data sets (318 individual arrays) representing various other animal models and four human cardiac diseases and identified a canonical set of 64 genes that are generally altered in failing hearts. We also produced a pairwise similarity matrix to illustrate relatedness of animal models with human heart disease and identified ischemia as the human condition that most resembles isoproterenol treatment. The overall patterns of gene expression are consistent with observed structural and molecular differences between normal and maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy and support a role for the immune system (or immune cell infiltration) in the pathology of stress-induced hypertrophy. Cross-study comparisons such as the results presented here provide targets for further research of cardiac disease that might generally apply to maladaptive cardiac stresses and are also a means of identifying which animal models best recapitulate human disease at the transcriptional level.
An Investigation of the Venetian Blind Effect

When a rectangular wave grating is binocularly viewed with a neutral density filter over one eye, an illusory rotation resembling that of a partially opened Venetian blind is perceived (Cibis and Haber, 1951). Using a binary classification task, in the first experiment, the probability of perceiving a rotation in a given direction was measured as a function of a factorial combination of inter-ocular contrast (see Note 1) and luminance ratios. The probability of a rotation in a given direction decreased monotonically with the luminance of the brighter bars when the grating contains a less than unity contrast. This result is inconsistent with (i) the model of the Venetian blind effect proposed by Cibis and Haber (1951), (ii) a mechanism based on irradiation with a compressive non-linearity (von Helmholtz, 1911/1924, pp. 186–193) and (iii) contemporary stereo-energy/cross-correlation models of stereopsis. In the second and third experiments, we tested the prediction that irradiation combined with an early compressive non-linearity in response implies a positive relationship between both the threshold contrast or average luminance disparity to perceive rotation and the magnitude of perceived rotation, and the blur width at the bar's edge. No support was found for the prediction. We propose an intensity difference model of the probability of perceiving a rotation in a given direction as a function of the interocular difference in luminance or contrast.
Taxonomic Status of Dendroctonus punctatus and D. micans (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

The taxonomic status of the North American boreal spruce beetle, Dendroctonus punctatus LeConte 1868, and its Eurasian counterpart, the European spruce beetle, D. micans Kugelann 1794, has been uncertain. Recent elucidation of the biology of the heretofore unstudied D. punctatus has provided an opportunity and incentive to discover and compare new anatomical characters. These anatomical differences support the retention of D. punctatus as a species distinct from D. micans . Larvae of D. punctatus differ uniformly from D. micans in having a sclerite on abdominal tergum 8, which is absent in D. micans . Adults of the 2 species differ discretely in the shape and setation of the epistomal process; presence or absence of a subcarinate line on the frons; punctures on the pronotum and metepisternum; the configuration of the metatibial denticles; the topography of the plectrum on male tergum 7; and the shape of the spiculum gastrale and genital capsule of male genitalia. The 2 species also differ significantly in their average body length and ratio of length to width (slenderness or stoutness), but these features overlap and are of less diagnostic value. Despite the discrete differences found in 10 anatomical characters, similarities in the biology of D. punctatus and D. micans , and zoogeographical evidence regarding other Holoarctic scolytid species, suggest that the ancestor of D. micans emigrated from North America rather recently, possibly by way of Beringia during the Wisconsinan glaciation. This circumstance provides unique evidence of the nature of and possible rate of anatomical change when populations of this economically important genus become separated.
Properties of retinoids

Retinoids are unstable compounds being readily oxidized and/or isomerized to altered compounds, especially in the presence of oxidants including air, light, and excessive heat. They are labile toward strong acids and solvents that have dissolved oxygen or peroxides. In this review, procedures for handling and storage of retinoids and biological samples containing them have been described. The physical and chemical properties of retinoids have been reported. Simplified procedures for derivatizations and purification, and methods for quantitation of retinoids have been presented.
Complete nucleotide sequences of functional clones of the AIDS virus

To examine the mechanism of lymphocytotoxicity induced by human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV), an in vitro model has been developed. Introduction of ...
Threshold Behavior of Regge Trajectories in a Simple Field-Theoretic Model

The threshold behavior of the trajectory function in $g{\ensuremath{\phi}}^{3}$ field theory in the ladder approximation is reconsidered. A brief pinch analysis indicates how the elastic and inelastic thresholds arise. Working directly in the angular momentum plane, the "accumulation" of Regge poles near the "promoted" value $l=\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}$ when $s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4{m}^{2}$ is demonstrated in a simple manner, starting from the homogeneous Bethe-Salpeter equation.
Respiratory control and CO2 conductance: temperature effects in a turtle and a frog.

Abstract The respiratory control systems of the predominantly lung-breathing turtle, Pseudemys scripta , and the bimodal breathing frog, Rana catesbeiana , are compared. At constant temperature, control is effected in both species primarily by pulmonary ventilation, and appears to be similar in basic organization to the mammalian system. The skin CO 2 exchange of the frog is largely passive and apparently under little adaptive control. CO 2 exchange at different temperatures is analyzed by means of the conductance equations: convective conductance [ CO 2 = ( a /Rt) · P a CO 2 ] for lung exchange, and diffusive conductance ( CO 2 = G CO 2 · transcutaneous ΔP CO 2 ) for skin exchange. Predictions of conductance values, based on data for Pa CO 2 and O 2 , agree well with measured values of both the turtle's ventilation and the frog's skin CO 2 conductance at different temperatures. In each case the conductances increase only moderately, if at all, with temperature, a result that can be attributed to the similar Q 10 values of Pa CO 2 and Mo 2 . Because the conductances exhibit this blunted temperature dependence, both lung and skin breathers are provided with the respiratory effector mechanisms necessary to regulate Pa CO 2 and pHa at their characteristic values over the ectothermic temperature range.
Susceptibility of ephemeral pool Hexarthra to predation by the fairy shrimp Branchinecta mackini : can predation drive local extinction?

Isolated rock pools in the US desert southwest often develop dense populations of a lithophilic species of the rotifer Hexarthra. I hypothesized that rotifers persist in these isolated ponds due to the absence of either competition with or predation by potentially sympatric crustaceans, especially anostracans. I tested the latter idea with laboratory and field experiments, in each case exposing rotifers to adult fairy shrimp (Branchinecta mackini, the dominant anostracan in this region in winter ponds) in 200 ml microcosms. In most cases individual female fairy shrimp had distinct negative effects on rotifer suspensions due to direct predatory consumption of the smaller animals. Estimated effective water processing rates ranged from ca. 50 to over 300 ml ind−1 h−1 and rotifer consumption rates by female B. mackini were between 280 and >600 Hexarthra consumed per individual predator per hour. Male B. mackini never significantly reduced rotifer numbers in either laboratory or field microcosms. The results indicate that, while perhaps not the sole determinant of rotifer distribution in these ephemeral pools, fairy shrimp predation can have a strong negative influence on natural Hexarthra populations.
Relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the inferior rectus muscle of the eye.

Background. Extramedullary involvement of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in sites outside the central nervous system (CNS) or testes is rare and may signal a refractory form of leukemia. Methods. The authors describe a child with ALL who experienced a relapse involving the inferior rectus muscle of the eye. This patient had been treated with a bone marrow transplant for previous bone marrow and ovarian relapse. Results. The patient had a pre-B ALL with a t(1;19) chromosomal translocation and previously had experienced relapse during therapy. At the time of the muscle relapse, she had pancreatomegaly consistent with leukemic infiltration but no CNS or bone marrow disease. Conclusions. Relapse of ALL in unusual sites may indicate disease that is particularly difficult to eradicate. Factors in addition to age and leukocyte count at diagnosis determine risk. Additional research is needed to define these factors and develop more effective therapy.
Some statistical strategies for DAE-seq data analysis: : variable selection and modeling dependencies among observations

In DAE (DNA after enrichment)-seq experiments, genomic regions related with certain biological processes are enriched/isolated by an assay and are then sequenced on a high-throughput sequencing platform to determine their genomic positions. Statistical analysis of DAE-seq data aims to detect genomic regions with significant aggregations of isolated DNA fragments (“enriched regions”) versus all the other regions (“background”). However, many confounding factors may influence DAE-seq signals. In addition, the signals in adjacent genomic regions may exhibit strong correlations, which invalidate the independence assumption employed by many existing methods. To mitigate these issues, we develop a novel autoregressive Hidden Markov model (AR-HMM) to account for covariates effects and violations of the independence assumption. We demonstrate that our AR-HMM leads to improved performance in identifying enriched regions in both simulated and real datasets, especially in those in epigenetic datasets with broader re...
Chloromethoxyl and dichloromethoxyl formation on zeolite ZnY, an in situ NMR and flow reactor study

In situ13C and27Al MAS NMR and flow reactor studies were used to study the decomposition of dichloromethane and chloroform on zeolite ZnY. The initially formed products were framework-bound chloromethoxyl (from dichloromethane) and dichloromethoxyl (from chloroform) species, analogous to the non-halogenated alkoxyls observed in previous investigations. The principal components of the13C chemical shift tensors were: chloromethoxyl,δ11 = 116 ppm,δ22 = 79 ppm andδ33 = 37 ppm; dichloromethoxyl,δ11= 128 ppm,δ22= 91 ppm andδ33 = 65 ppm. Formation of both species occurred at 298 K, and each decomposed at 423 K. This decomposition formed HCl which dealuminated the zeolite (as monitored by27Al MAS NMR) causing deactivation (flow reactor studies). Further evidence for the destruction of the zeolite was the NMR observation of CO formation, implying incorporation of oxygen from zinc hydroxyl or framework sites. Although ZnY is shown to be unsuitable for catalytic chlorocarbon destruction, the observation of chloromethoxyl and dichloromethoxyl species is significant, and the formation of halogenated alkoxyl species should be considered in future investigations of halocarbon chemistry on oxides and molecular sieves.
Mentalization and the Rorschach

The concept of mentalization – the ability to think about mental states (e.g., feelings, intentions, motivations) of self and others – has become increasingly influential in psychoanalysis (Bateman & Fonagy, 2004; Fischer-Kern et al., 2010; Fonagy, 1991). Unfortunately, the clinical application and further exploration of the construct has been limited by the time-consuming and highly specialized methods used to assess it (Choi-Kain & Gunderson, 2008; Meehan, Levy, Reynoso, Hill, & Clarkin, 2009). In that mentalization operates predominantly outside of conscious awareness and involves the assessment of mental representations of self and other, projective measures such as the Rorschach are possibly the most efficient to evaluate and further explore this construct. In this paper we present a conceptual framework for how texture responses (T) as they relate to the ability to form attachments, and human and human movement responses (M+/M–, GHR:PHR) as they relate to empathy, social understanding, and boundary ...
New discounted cash flow method: Estimating plant profitability at the conceptual design level while compensating for business risk/uncertainty

Abstract Conceptual design of a new plant involves the evaluation of alternative plant configurations to determine physical feasibility (does each achieve desired production levels within the required quality limits?) and economic viability (is sufficient profit generated each year of a multiyear projected lifetime while requiring an acceptably low initial capital investment?). In testing alternatives, designers require both an absolute measure and a normalized measure in order to make a definitive evaluation. In recent years NPV (Net Present Value) has often been chosen as the absolute metric and IRR (Internal Rate of Return) as the normalized one. But these two measures provide insufficient information to develop an optimum design that can be guaranteed suitably profitable, i.e., with optimum design profits high enough to justify investment … more importantly, high enough to warrant taking on the risk/uncertainty characteristics of a particular product/plant with the business environment in which the constructed plant must operate. In this paper a relook at discounted cash flow procedures motivates a new metric based on a normalized and annualized value of NPV, designated NPV%. In line with traditional analysis, a required minimum value – N P V % r e q u i r e d (%/year) – once found via ad hoc and/or first principles methods, is assumed to represent suitably the Enterprise's profitability expectations plus the “premium” needed to justify intrinsic business risk/uncertainty. The ability to achieve a value that justifies anticipated risk, however that property is calculated or characterized, is a major element in determining whether projected returns from a particular design are high enough to justify proceeding with the project. Surprisingly, a close analysis of spreadsheet methodology used for discounted cash flow calculations, such as in calculating NPV, reveals unexpected underlying linearities, e.g., N P V = a ( Profi t B T ) + b ( Fixed Capital ) when “factored estimates” are used (usually the case at the conceptual design stage), as well as R O I B T = e ( N P V % ) + f Thus maximizing either ROIBT or NPV% is equivalent to minimizing the time to achieve return of invested capital (exposure to risk). NPV measures the effect on a company's balance sheet that will result from a decision to design/construct/operate. Thus once an appropriate risk premium for a plant is agreed upon, a rigorous design procedure can utilize a constrained optimization procedure in which NPV (absolute profitability) and NPV% (inverse of time exposed to the risk of capital loss) are jointly optimized, subject to the constraint N P V % > N P V % r e q u i r e d . How much to weight the long-term profitability vs. speed of capital return is essentially a decision for the designers/investors.
Welsh-Patagonian Fiction: Language and the Novel of Transnational Ethnicity

In July 1865, 153 Welsh emigrants, many of them young families, landed at Argentina’s Puerto Madryn, Patagonia, hoping to establish in this unsettled territory a Welsh-speaking, religiously conserv...
Effects of Implementing Classroom Instructional Models on English Language Learners' Cognitive and Affective Outcomes

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to examine alternative instructional strategies for improving the education of English language learners (ELLs). More specifically, the present study provides descriptive and comparative information on the use of different instructional approaches that were implemented by 17 bilingual teachers and their 325 Hispanic ELLs from five elementary schools located in a medium-sized metropolitan school district in the south central region of the United States. The three instructional approaches examined in the study were (a) ESL in the Content Areas (Chamot & O'Malley, 1986), (b) Effective Use of Time (EUOT) (Stallings, 1980, 1986), and (c) a combination approach including both ESL in the Content Areas and EUOT. The fourth group included in the study did not receive any training and functioned as the control group. The analysis of covariance results revealed that the EUOT group had significantly higher posttest scores on reading and language arts achievement than all ...
Regime Politics in Geography

At the current conjuncture of neoliberal urbanism, when more than 20 years have passed since scholars identified the retrenchment of the federal state from urban affairs and the shift from urban go...
Radiative Capture of Intermediate-Energy Protons to High-Lying States in Light Nuclei

Observations are reported from the first systematic studies of proton radiative capture at intermediate energies. In addition to captures to the ground and first few excited states, the reactions $^{11}\mathrm{B}$($p$,$\ensuremath{\gamma}$)$^{12}\mathrm{C}$ and $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$($p$,$\ensuremath{\gamma}$)$^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ reveal unexpectedly strong transitions to isolated high-lying states. These latter transitions could take place via "second-harmonic" giant resonances. Protons on $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ produce a rich spectrum of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays which may arise from captures to high-lying single-particle states.
The Religion Teacher and the Churches

OMETIMES college and university instructors protest against the suggestion that they have a responsibility for the public relations of their institution. Such protests arise because the concept of public relations has often assumed rather undesirable connotations, and not always without justification. To some, public relations suggests primarily the effort to keep everybody happy and further it suggests accomplishing this end by trying to tone down or eliminate any elements in the college community whose heterodoxy of ideas or of activities might be distasteful to actual or potential friends of the college. Now it is true that the goal of a public relations program might be stated in terms of the happiness and consequent loyal support on the part of an institution's various constituencies, provided the sense in which the term happiness is used is made clear. As here used, it does not refer to an easygoing, 'soporific kind of feeling. Rather it refers to a more active feeling of approval and satisfaction. This kind of feeling on the part of an institution's constituency results from a clear and intelligent grasp of the institution's aims and purposes. The role, then, of a public relations program is to interpret the program and aims of an institution in such a way that actual and potential friends of the institution will both understand them and because of this understanding enthusiastically support them. Or expressed in another way, the concern of a public relations program is to bring about as close an identification as possible between the interests and desires of an institution's constituency and the actual program and purposes of the institution. Among the more important constituencies of the church-related college are the churches themselves. Churches often have a particular interest in the religion department. This is due to the perfectly understandable feeling that the religion department is a direct ally of the church in its program of Christian education. Such a feeling is reflected in the fact that some grants from churches to colleges have been and are tied to the instructional program in religion. It is not surprising, then, that the teacher of religion is often the point of focus of the church's interest in the program of the college. For this reason, the teacher of religion occupies a strategic position so far as the institution's relations with the church are concerned. However, while recognizing the strategic nature public relations-wise of the religion teacher's position, it is essential that the responsibility for interpreting the role of the religion teacher in relation to the over-all aims of the institu* WILLIAM F. QUILLIAN, JR. became president of Randolph-Macon Woman's College in the summer of 1952. Prior to that time he had served as Professor of Philosophy at Ohio Wesleyan University and at Gettysburg College. He is author of The Moral Theory of Evolutionary Naturalism and of numerous articles. This paper was read at the 1952 Institute of Higher Education sponsored by the Board of Education of the Methodist Church.
Coordinating the Two Protomer Active Sites of Human Topoisomerase IIα: Nicks as Topoisomerase II Poisons†

Topoisomerase II modulates DNA topology by generating double-stranded breaks in DNA. Results of the current study indicate that the presence of a nick at one scissile bond dramatically increases the rate of cleavage by human topoisomerase IIα at the scissile bond on the opposite strand. We propose that this enhanced activity at the second strand coordinates the two protomer subunits of topoisomerase II and allows the enzyme to create double-stranded breaks. Finally, the presence of a nick on one strand induces cleavage on the opposite strand. Thus, nicks are topoisomerase II poisons that generate novel sites of DNA cleavage.