cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MHz frequencies, kW, 30 cm gap wireless power transfer with low air gap flux density and high efficiency using surface spiral winding coils

MHz operation is required for kW, sub-meter gap wireless power transfer (WPT) to maintain the electromagnetic field strength in the air gap at a very low, intrinsically safe level. To effectively reduce losses associated with skin and proximity effects, surface spiral winding (SSW) coils have been developed for MHz WPT. However, over multi-kV voltage stress has to be sustained by the power amplifier for kW transmission with the use of SSW coils. A design methodology of an efficient power converter for MHz, kW WPT is developed and introduced, with the implementation of an excitation coil to effectively reduce the voltage stress on the power amplifier. The Class E power amplifier is selected for the design and evaluated on a 1 kW, 30 cm gap, 3.5 MHz WPT test system. Up to 96.7% efficiency is obtained on the power amplifier and an overall 90.6% DC-to-DC efficiency is achieved. Magnetic field strength within the air gap is maintained at a very low, intrinsically safe level.
Coupled effects of phase transitions and rheology in 2-D dynamical models of subduction

©2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Observations of seismicity and seismic tomography provide a present-day constraint on the geometry of slabs within the mantle. However, it is challenging to directly relate the observed shape of slabs to their time evolution. Phase transitions modify the buoyancy forces within slabs, affecting how slabs deform as they sink into the lower mantle and how forces are transmitted to the surface plates. Here we show that if the crustal shear zone is sufficiently weak (10 20 Pa s), then the coupled effects of a compositionally dependent phase transition model and a stress-dependent rheology lead to oscillatory plate speeds and trench motion in response to buckling and folding of the slab. On average, subducting plate velocity is 4 cm/yr and trench motion is ±0.7 cm/yr. However, during folding, subducting plate speed and trench motion increases by a factor of 3 and trench motion switches from advance to retreat. In models with a higher-viscosity shear zone (10 21 Pa s), average plate speed is lower (2 cm/yr) and there is only trench advance. Stress-dependent weakening due to increasing driving stresses can also cause unexpected changes in plate velocity (i.e., decrease or no change). In addition, due to the added negative buoyancy from the phase transitions, slab breakoff occurs in models with a yield stress ≤500 MPa. Because of the oscillatory motion of the trench, long flat slabs do not form in the transition zone: this suggests that other factors, such as interaction of the slab with deep mantle flow, may be required to create long flat slabs.
Comparative Study of Jointing material used in Blockwork

Nowadays, the making of mortar on site is lacking today due to its significant growth and necessity of exact gauging and mixing of the mortar which has been manufactured by many industries due to increasing share of a market that would expanse rare contemporarily on-site mixing happen are to be observed. The practical experiment aims at this paper which presents the comparison of two mortars with their general specifications entitled in this project overview and difference of initial work to be carried out for the laying of brickwork by alternate types of jointing mortar i.e. e-mix mortar and Ultratech fix block jointing mortar at the construction site and conclusion of this project comprise that as per contractors condition and client requirement any one material can be adopted at a particular site.
Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures in Women

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are the most common type of functional neurological symptom disorders and are frequently diagnosed in tertiary care epilepsy monitoring units. These are associated with significant decline in social functioning and quality of life. The majority of patients with PNES are women, outnumbering men by a ratio of 3:1. Female sex preponderance occurs after puberty and usually before the age of 55 years. Many of the psychiatric risk factors in PNES (depression, anxiety, history of traumatic experiences, other somatic symptom disorders) are more common in women and may partially account for the difference in sex prevalence. Neurobiological and neurohumoral mechanisms may also play a role, but our understanding is limited at this point. In this review, we present information on epidemiology and risk factors, neurobiological and psychological mechanisms, clinical approach to diagnosis, evidence-based treatment, and long-term outcomes. We highlight findings related to differences between women and men in PNES. Most of these data are not decisive and require further corroboration. While the disorder may be more frequently suspected in women, all patients with suspected PNES deserve an objective and thorough investigation of their symptoms. Early and accurate identification of this disorder should be a priority, especially as evidence-based treatments, which may lead to improved outcomes, are increasingly available.
A Medical Doctor

Helen Jansen was a 25-year-old medical doctor working in a research department of a Dutch medical school. She was born in the Limburg district of southern Holland, and thus the dialect unique to that region was her native tongue. She also spoke fluent Dutch, English, and German. Our sampling conversations were conducted entirely in English. The sampling experience was part of her familiarization with the sampling procedure, as she would serve as translator for later sampling with Dutch- or dialect-speaking individuals.
Acquisition of Self-Help Skills

Self-help skills, or daily living skills, may be defined as those behaviors that allow individuals to care independently for their own bodily needs. The mentally retarded person needs to be able to eat, use the toilet, dress, and perform personal hygiene to meet basic requirements for independence and normalcy. Once these skills are acquired, caregivers could redirect time and effort previously devoted to basic care to education and training of residents, thus facilitating a more productive environment.
Positioning with the Global Positioning System

This year (1980) the U. S. Department of Defense has scheduled to have in operation six satellites of the Global Positioning System (GPS), which will provide timing and three dimensional position recovery potential to North America during certain segments of a day. By the mid-eighties, continuous timing and three dimensional recovery from 18 GPS satellites are planned. Although the GPS is designed for fast position recovery to the 10-meter level, extended data collection periods could yield subdecimeter relative positioning on a routine basis.
Just-in-time adaptive interventions: A novel approach for enhancing skill utilization and acquisition in cognitive behavioral therapy for eating disorders.

OBJECTIVE The most widely researched treatment for bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge-eating disorder (BED) is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a present-focused, active, skill-oriented treatment. However, despite the success of CBT, many patients fail to achieve sufficient rates of skill utilization (i.e., the frequency with which a patient practices or uses therapeutic skills) or adequate skill acquisition (i.e., the ability to successfully perform a skill learned in treatment) by the end of treatment and outcomes suffer as a result. One method for improving skill acquisition and utilization in patients with BN or BED could be the augmentation of in-person treatment with just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs), which use smartphone technology to deliver real-time interventions during app-identified moments of need. The current article discusses how novel JITAI systems that utilize machine learning or other predictive algorithms could be used to detect momentary risk for eating disordered behavior and provide tailored interventions to enhance outcomes. We will consider technologies that may help reduce patient burden and suggest avenues for future research on developing acceptable and effective JITAIs that can be used as an adjunct to CBT protocols.
Dissociation of magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles in physiologically relevant fluids

Magnesium oxide (MgO) and hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] are conventionally considered insoluble in water and stable at high temperatures. However, in this study, we found significant dissociation of MgO and Mg(OH)2 into ions when they were immersed in different physiologically relevant solutions in the form of 20-nm and 10-nm nanoparticles respectively, under standard cell culture conditions in vitro, i.e., a 37 °C, 5% CO2/95% air, sterile, humidified environment. The change in Mg2+ ion concentrations and pH measured in the physiologically relevant solutions (e.g., Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), simulated body fluid (SBF), relevant chloride solutions, and deionized water) confirmed their dissociation. Possible mechanisms and contributing factors for dissociation of MgO and Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles were discussed. The evidence suggests that nucleophilic substitution of OH− by Cl− in Mg(OH)2 is energetically unfavorable and it is more likely that Cl− plays a role in the stabilization of intermediate forms of MgO and Mg(OH)2 as it dissociates. The pH and buffering capability of the immersion solutions might have played the most significant role in dissociation of these nanoparticles when compared with the roles of chloride (Cl−), proteins, and different buffering agents. This article provided the first evidence on the dissociation of MgO and Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles in physiologically relevant conditions and elucidated possible factors contributing to the observed behaviors of these nanoparticles in vitro, which is important for their potential medical applications in vivo.
Sexual states: governance and the struggle over the antisodomy law in India

In Sexual States, Jyoti Puri draws attention to the state’s dependency on sexuality to justify the expansion of its regulatory power through an interrogation of India’s anti-sodomy law – Article 37...
Performance Optimization of PMSM with Torque Ripple Reduction

Present day PMSM design methodologies often use optimization tools. Optimizing the geometry alone, may lead to designs that have high efficiency and torque density but may have high torque ripple. By injecting high frequency currents, some optimal geometries with too high torque ripple, become acceptable and optimal, even with an increase in machine and inverter losses, and a decrease in efficiency. An optimization methodology is proposed that uses an analysis of FEM sample designs and a regression model to optimize a PMSM, using a multi-objective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and including high frequency injection for torque ripple reduction.
4-Chloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione

The title compound, C8H4ClNO2, has two planar mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit, with the non-H atoms showing a mean deviation from planarity of 0.015 and 0.022 A, respectively. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are linked through N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form infinite chains along [010]. They are further connected through C—H⋯Cl close contacts with a donor–acceptor distance of 3.682 (5) A. No π–π inter­actions are observed in the structure.
From BigDog to BigDawg: Transitioning an HPC Cluster for Sustainability

This paper relates the experiences of managing the transition of a high performance computing (HPC) cluster from Rocks, SGE, and Cisco to OpenHPC, SLURM, and Dell. This transition was made because of sustainability issues related to security, the software, and the hardware. The BigDog HPC cluster was placed in production at Southern Illinois University Carbondale (SIUC) December, 2015, with 40 Cisco servers containing 800 CPU cores running Rocks management software and the SGE job scheduler. Sustainability issues of BigDog were encountered, especially related to keeping software updated for security reasons, and the decision was made to update the cluster for sustainability. This was done by replacing some Cisco servers with Dell hardware, and replacing Rocks with OpenHPC, and replacing SGE with SLURM. The name of the cluster was changed to BigDawg in keeping with the southern pronunciation and the spelling of the names of the university mascots Grey Dawg and Brown Dawg.
Challenges for Newly Credentialed Athletic Trainers During Their Transition to Practice.

Context Understanding the challenges faced by newly credentialed athletic trainers (ATs) as they transition into clinical practice could assist employers and professional programs in developing ini...
Knowledge, Behaviors, and Social Factors That Influence Pregnancy Weight Gain among Youth Ages 16-24 Years.

Abstract Study Objective A large proportion (50%-75%) of youth (younger than 21 years old) who become pregnant gain more weight during pregnancy than is recommended by the National Academy of Medicine. Excess weight gain during pregnancy is a strong risk factor for long-term obesity among mothers and their infants. There is a significant gap in our understanding of youth's knowledge and behavior related to weight gain during pregnancy. To develop effective interventions for pregnant youth, it is necessary to understand their distinct needs and preferences. Using a youth-centered qualitative approach, the purpose of this study was to explore the knowledge, behaviors, and social factors that influence weight gain during pregnancy for youth. Design Participants completed weekly text message surveys and semistructured interviews to explore their perspectives of weight gain during pregnancy. Data were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis on the basis of grounded theory. Setting and Participants Pregnant youth ages 16-24 years old recruited from 2 urban, low-income, primary care clinics in Southeast Michigan. Interventions, Main Outcome Measures, and Results Among our sample (N = 54) 4 themes emerged. First, many youths were knowledgeable about healthy behaviors in pregnancy. However, the second theme showed that many youths reported barriers to engaging in these healthy behaviors, including stress, poor motivation, and issues of convenience. Third, they showed inadequate knowledge about exercise in pregnancy, and fourth, many endorsed food cravings that significantly influenced diet choices. Conclusion Many pregnant youths have appropriate knowledge about healthy behaviors during pregnancy, but face many youth-specific barriers to achieving these behaviors. Interventions should address logistical challenges (eg, food access, cost, transportation) to healthy behaviors in pregnancy to make healthy diet and exercise more convenient for pregnant youth.
Evaluating the quality of Goal Attainment Scales (GAS) for clients in therapy

Date Presented 04/06/19 The aim of this research was to improve the quality of the goal attainment scales (GAS) developed for clients with developmental disabilities. This research focused on providing feedback to therapists based on generally accepted criteria for GAS. These findings will be useful in training and providing guidance for therapists in writing GAS for their clients. Primary Author and Speaker: Maureen Russell Additional Authors and Speakers: Garret Candelaria, Brooke Addario
Mode conversion in nanophotonic waveguides via symmetry breaking optomechanical near-field interactions

The need for ever-growing communications bandwidths has led to an interest in mode-division-multiplexed communications to increase the information carrying capacity of fiber-optic networks. More recently, mode-division multiplexed chip-scale photonic devices have been investigated as a means towards highly integrated photonic components and systems. To date, however, most chip-scale demonstrations have focused on fixed coupling and routing of individual waveguide modes on a chip. In this work we propose and investigate a new technique to dynamically couple and convert between different propagating waveguide modes via symmetry-breaking optomechanical near-field interactions. Silicon nitride waveguides (tSi3N4=175 nm) with air top cladding are fabricated and enable propagation of weakly-confined modes with substantial evanescent field near the waveguide surface. Suspended silicon nitride (tSiNx=200 nm) micro-electro-mechanical structures (MEMS) interact with the propagating mode’s evanescent field. However, the slight offset of the MEMS perturber with respect to the waveguide’s center axis leads to a symmetry breaking mode perturbation. This perturbation converts even propagating modes (e.g. TE0) to higher-order odd modes (e.g. TE1). We present various experimental techniques for characterizing the mode conversion including direct imaging, mode beating, and FFT spectrogram analysis. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate this new concept of using symmetry-breaking optomechanical near field interactions for mode coupling and conversion towards future mode-division multiplexing on a chip.
Transforming Hawai‘i: Balancing Coercion and Consent in Eighteenth-Century Kānaka Maoli Statecraft: By Paul D’Arcy. Canberra, ANU Press, 2018. xxx + 310 pp., maps, notes, bibliography, index, ISBN 9781760461737 (pbk), 9781760461744 (ebook). AU$55.00 (pbk).

The protracted process of writing a historical monograph can span decades. Paul D’Arcy’s Transforming Hawai‘i: Balancing Coercion and Consent in Eighteenth-Century Kānaka Maoli Statecraft is a case...
Measuring the neutral zone of spinal motion segments: Comparison of multiple analysis methods to quantify spinal instability.

Purpose Neutral zone (NZ) parameters in spinal biomechanics studies are sensitive to spinal instability, disc degeneration, and repair. Multiple methods in the literature quantify NZ, yet no consensus exists on applicability and comparability of methods. This study compares five different NZ quantification methods using two different load-deflection profiles. Methods Rat caudal and lumbar motion segments were tested in axial rotation to generate load-deflection curves with profiles exhibiting prominent distinction between elastic and NZ regions (ie, triphasic) and profiles that did not (ie, viscoelastic). NZ was quantified using five methods: trilinear, double sigmoid (DS), zero load, stiffness threshold (ST), and extrapolated elastic zone. Absolute agreement and consistency of NZ parameters were assessed using intraclass correlation (ICC), Bland-Altman analyses, and analysis of variance. Results For triphasic profiles, NZ magnitude exhibited high consistency (methods correlate but differ in absolute values), and only some methods exhibited agreement. For viscoelastic profiles, NZ magnitude showed limited consistency and no absolute agreement. NZ stiffness had high agreement and consistency across most methods and profiles. For triphasic profiles, the linear NZ regions for all methods were not well-described by a linear fit yet for viscoelastic profiles all methods characterized a linear NZ region. Conclusion This NZ comparison study showed surprisingly limited agreement and consistency among NZ parameters with approximately 5% to 100% difference depending on the method and load-deflection profile. Nevertheless, the DS and ST methods appeared to be most comparable. We conclude that most NZ quantification methods cannot be applied interchangeably, highlighting a need to clearly state NZ calculation methods. Future studies are required to identify which methods are most sensitive to disc degeneration and repair in order to identify a "best" method.
Vein palm recognition model using fusion of features

One of the most promising mechanisms in the field of security and information safety is authentication based on palm vein. The main reasons that vein palm becomes an authentication method is because of its distinctive privacy, as it is difficult to manipulate or change its results, because of the location of the vein within the palm. With the use of this technology, it has become easy to maintain data from unauthorized access and unwanted persons. In this work proposed model are suggested that contain four stages to reach the results: in the first stage is the pre-processing stage where histogram equation was used to enhance the image and the properties are shown, the second stage is the extracting the properties where, Gabor filter and 2-discrete wavelet filters are suggested for features extraction, where it is considered one of the most important filters used to extract the features, as well as in the third stage "PCA" are used for data or features reduction, because of its advantages in analyzing the features and reducing the spacing between them. As for the last stage, the Euclidean distance used to measure the spacing. The results were acceptable and convincing, since the similarity ratio 96.2%. These results were obtained after several tests and using the Gabor filter with 2D-discrete wavelet transform and principal component analysis (PCA), I got the best results.
Dental visits in Medicaid-enrolled youth with mental illness: an analysis of administrative claims data.

State Medicaid plans across the United States provide dental insurance coverage to millions of young persons with mental illness (MI), including those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. There are significant oral health challenges associated with MI, and providing dental care to persons with MI while they are young provides a foundation for future oral health. However, little is known about the factors associated with the receipt of dental care in young Medicaid enrollees with MI. We aimed to identify mental and physical health and sociodemographic characteristics associated with dental visits among this population. We retrospectively analyzed administrative claims data from a Medicaid specialty health plan (September 2014 to December 2015). All enrollees in the plan had MI and were ≥ 7 years of age; data for enrollees aged 7 to 20 years were analyzed. We used two-level, mixed effects regression models to explore the relationships between enrollee characteristics and dental visits during 2015. Of 6564 Medicaid-enrolled youth with MI, 29.0% (95% CI, 27.9, 30.1%) had one or more visits with a dentist or dental hygienist. Within youth with MI, neither anxiety (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.15, p = 0.111), post-traumatic stress disorder (AOR = 1.31, p = 0.075), depression (AOR = 1.02, p = 0.831), bipolar disorder (AOR = 0.97, p = 0.759), nor schizophrenia (AOR = 0.83, p = 0.199) was associated with dental visits in adjusted analyses, although having ADHD was significantly associated with higher odds of dental visits relative to not having this condition (AOR = 1.34, p < 0.001). Age, sex, race/ethnicity, language, and education were also significantly associated with visits (p < 0.05 for all). Dental utilization as measured by annual dental visits was lower in Medicaid-enrolled youth with MI relative to the general population of Medicaid-enrolled youth. However, utilization varied within the population of Medicaid-enrolled youth with MI, and we identified a number of characteristics significantly associated with the receipt of dental services. By identifying these variations in dental service use this study facilitates the development of targeted strategies to increase the use of dental care in – and consequently improve the current and long-term wellbeing of – the vulnerable population of Medicaid-enrolled youth with MI.
From a One-Man Consultancy to a Global Business Empire Connecting Back Home: The Case of Purico Limited

There is an extensive literature on immigrant entrepreneurs in developed host countries (Ram and Jones, No. 26:352–374, 2008; Kloosterman and Rath, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 27:189–201, 2003). Recent immigrant entrepreneurship research has also explored the entry of immigrant entrepreneurs into their home country (Chung and Tung, International Business Review 22:18–31, 2013; Mustafa and Chen, Thunderbird International Business Review 52:97–106, 2010). However, the international growth and expansion of ethnic minority businesses (EMBs) outside of their host country is relatively little researched. The aim of this chapter is to chart the process of founding and growing EMBs outside their host country, including the link with the entrepreneurs’ home country.
Neuromuscular determinants of simulated occupational performance in career firefighters

Abstract Purpose Although firefighters are required to perform various high-intensity critically essential tasks, the influence of neuromuscular function on firefighter occupational performance is unclear. The primary aim of the current study was to identify the key neuromuscular determinants of stair climb (SC) performance in firefighters. Methods Leg extension isometric peak torque (PT), peak power (PP), torque steadiness at 10% (Steadiness10%) and 50% (Steadiness50%) of PT, fatigability following 30 repeated isotonic concentric contractions at 40% of PT, percent body fat (%BF), and a weighted and timed SC task were examined in 41 (age: 32.3 ± 8.2 yrs; %BF: 24.1 ± 7.9%) male career firefighters. Results Faster SC times (74.7 ± 13.4 s) were associated with greater PT and PP, less fatigability, younger age, and lower %BF (r = −0.530–0.629; P ≤ 0.014), but not Steadiness10% or Steadiness50% (P ≥ 0.193). Stepwise regression analyses indicated that PP and Steadiness50% were the strongest predictors of SC time (R2 = 0.442, P Conclusions Lower extremity neuromuscular function, specifically PP and steadiness, and %BF are important modifiable predictors of firefighter SC performance, which becomes increasingly important in aging firefighters.
Planktonic Micro—Communities in the Sea: biofluid mechanical view

It has long been known that marine planktonic organisms are patchily distributed at a variety of spatial scales (Steele, 1976, 1978; Haury et al, 1978). Until recently, however, most studies of plankton patchiness have focused on spatial scales larger than the order of 10 cm (vertical) and of 10 m (horizontal). Recently advances in instrumentation have now made it possible to examine patches smaller than 1 m in horizontal direction (Denman and Mackas, 1978; Platt, 1978). Evidence indicates that microscale patches as small as or smaller than i cm in diameter are common and persistent in the turbulent sea (Mitchell, 1988). These patches may have a significant role in ecosystem function. Most importantly, although organisms and nutrients are on average sparsely distributed in oceanic waters, their coassociation in micropatches could be key to energy and nutrient flows (McCarthy and Goldman, 1979).
The Adoption and Sustainability of Technology-Enhanced Education in Higher Institutions of Learning in Africa

This chapter explores factors that enhance and constrain the adoption and sustainability of Information and Communication Technologies in Universities and higher institutions of learning in South Africa. This study examines pedagogical, socio-economic and epistemological aspects of the paradigm shift in higher education delivery in Africa. Adopting and sustaining ICTs for educational improvement is a multifaceted process. As a dynamic process, all the vital elements of technology adoption need to be present in order to meet the goals of technology-enhanced higher education in Africa. It further argues that policy guidelines and strategic plans are essential for the successful adoption and sustainability of ICTs in higher education (HE) institutions in Africa. The chapter argues that the success of ICT-mediated higher education is not only technical but also political in nature.
Genetic Heterogeneity at the Locus for Hypoxanthine‒Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase

The purine phosphoribosyltransferases have emerged as important enzymes in the metabolic economy of the developing human. Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT, EC 2.4.2.8) catalyses the conversion of hypoxanthine and guinine into their respective nucleotides. Inherited variation in HGPRT first became evident through clinical observations with the definition of the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. In this disorder, HGPRT activity in erythrocytes is almost zero, although the fact that sensitive electrophoretic analysis reveals a tiny amount of activity suggests that a protein of altered structure is present. Furthermore, this variant enzyme has been activated by manipulation in the presence of small amounts of normal enzyme. Nevertheless, no cross-reacting material could be detected in lysates of red cells or fibroblasts of patients with the syndrome when tested with antiserum prepared in rabbits to normal erythrocyte HGPRT. We have tested for the presence of cross-reacting material in 18 patients, and all were negative. More HGPRT variants are coming to light. Most of the patients have renal stone disease or gout but no other feature of the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. In one family four affected males displayed about 5% of normal activity, and the enzyme migrated electrophoretically more rapidly than normal. Cross-reacting material could not be demonstrated in erythrocyte lysates, although it was clear that a variant protein was present. A boy with renal stone disease has been found to have about 1% of normal erythrocyte activity of HGPRT. Cross-reacting material was found in his erythrocytes. The data indicate that mutations which produce diminished enzyme activity in this protein with a distinct subunit structure may or may not so alter the tertiary state of the protein that immunoreactive sites are no longer available to antibody prepared against the normal enzyme. So far whenever a variant normal HGPRT has been found there has been an identifiable clinical illness. The different forms of illness provide for correlation of molecular structure and function in man.
The liver in sickle cell disease: A clinicopathologic study of 70 patients*

In clinical studies, frequent hepatic dysfunction associated with crises in sickle cell disease has been noted, but whether irreversible morphologic changes arise from these transient episodes is uncertain. We studied 70 patients with sickle cell disease (57 SS, 12 SC and one S-thalassemia (S-thal) hemoglobin) autopsied at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. They ranged in age from five months to 75 years (average 21 years) and 35 (50 percent) were female. In 64 patients (91 percent), livers were enlarged and had distention of Kupffer cells with phagocytized sickled red cells; this was massive in 10. In 19 patients (27 percent) the sinusoids were markedly distended with sickled red cells and appeared obstructed. Focal parenchymal necroses were present in 24 patients (34 percent) and were explained in 12, eight by cardiac dysfunction and four by sepsis. Reparative changes, portal fibrosis and regenerative nodules were each found in 14 patients (20 percent), only one of whom had a known history of viral hepatitis despite the frequency of transfusions. Cirrhosis of unknown cause was present in seven patients and cardiac cirrhosis in one. Cirrhosis with hemochromatosis was present in three patients and 30 others had parenchymal iron accumulation. Thus, unexplained hepatic necroses, portal fibrosis, regenerative nodules and cirrhosis were frequently encountered in these patients. This spectrum of liver disease appears to be best understood as a consequence of recurrent vascular obstruction, necrosis and repair arising as a component of sickle cell disease.
Abstract W P345: Strength in Numbers: Stroke Coordinators Improving Care Through Collaboration

Background: Stroke care evolution has been remarkable since 2000, when the Brain Attack Coalition published their recommendations for Primary Stroke Centers. For the first time, hospitals had evidence-based standards to improve patient outcomes. Today, many states require emergency responders to take suspected stroke patients only to certified stroke centers. As a result, many hospitals have established the role of stroke coordinator to oversee the myriad facets of stroke care. Coordinators are overwhelmed with the opportunities - and responsibilities - to improve care processes. Method: In 2009, the stroke program manager at a Magnet academic medical center established a regional stroke coordinators’ group. Eight coordinators met and established milestones for success. Information has been shared and nurses have traded services, providing education for each other’s organization. The group of now 28 coordinators meets every other month. Results: Positive outcomes of membership in this dynamic group includ...
Transition to detonation: A numerical study

Details of transition to detonation in a planar, one-dimensional configuration are examined via a numerical simulation of the reactive Euler equations. The initial state of the explosive is taken to involve a small temperature nonuniformity. It is observed that the eventual emergence of a ZND (Zeldovich, von Neumann, Doring) detonation is preceded by a rich sequence of events, including the creation of a localized thermal explosion, the birth of a supersonic reaction wave, and the appearance of a quasisteady weak detonation.
A study of dynamic routing and wavelength assignment with imprecise network state information

In large networks, maintaining precise global network state information is almost impossible. Many factors, such as non-negligible propagation delay, infrequent state updates due to overhead concerns, and hierarchical topology aggregation, can affect the precision of the global network state information. In this paper we investigate the impact of imprecise state information on the performance of dynamic routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) algorithms. We consider single fiber and multi-fiber systems and study dynamic routing with three wavelength selection schemes, namely first-fit, random-fit, and most-used. The results show that the precision of global network state information greatly affects the performance of the dynamic RWA schemes. In particular, some RWA algorithms that are traditionally considered as effective algorithms perform poorly in the presence of imprecise global network state information. This indicates that more practical RWA algorithms that can tolerate imprecise state information may need to be developed for large scale optical networks. The results also show that networks with wavelength conversion capability and multi-fiber systems are less sensitive to the imprecise state information.
A workplace violence educational program: A repeated measures study

Violence against healthcare employees is a profound problem in the emergency department worldwide. One strategy to reduce the risk of violence is prevention focused education. The purpose of this paper was to report the learning outcomes of a workplace violence educational prevention program tailored to the needs of emergency department employees. A quasi-experimental design was used to determine the knowledge retention of program content following a hybrid (online and classroom) educational intervention. One hundred twenty emergency department employees that completed the workplace violence prevention program participated in the study. A repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted to determine if individual test scores increased significantly between baseline, posttest, and six month posttest periods. The results indicated a significant time effect, Wilk's Λ = .390, F (2, 118) = 26.554, p < .001, η2 = .310. Follow-up polynomial contrasts indicated a significant linear effect with means increasing over time, F (1, 119) = 53.454, p < .001, η2 = .310, while individual test scores became significantly higher over time. It was concluded that the use of a hybrid modality increases the probability that significant learning outcomes and retention will be achieved.
Tibial plateau fractures

Tibial plateau fractures are a common injury; however, high-energy, complex proximal tibial fractures lack the samelongitudinal database. The basic tenets of fracture care must be strictly adhered to for successful joint: reconstruction. Specifically, maximum visualization of the joint surface must be obtained but with a minimum of surgical devascularization of the proximal tibia. The use of multiple surgical approaches, as well as an advanced array of actual surgical equipment, is necessary. There are a variety of surgical tactics that should be used for additional visualization. Joint distraction and direct visualization are felt to be superior to fluoroscopic evaluation alone. The best overall surgical tactic is dependent on the surgeons familiarity with the pathology of the fracture and the implant itself. Advances in implant and external fixation design have expanded the anatomic envelope for stabilization. The adjunctive role of radiology is felt to be invaluable for preoperative planning. Computed tomography and an intraoperative assessment of the reconstruction with the use of fluoroscopy is invaluable. Joint reconstruction, ligament repair or reconstruction, and restoration of overall limb alignment are the surgical goals that must be achieved early in the care of tibial plateau fractures. These injuries are the result of high impact to the limb and therefore have a high incidence of associated injuries and complications. The surgical plans must always consider the likelihood of these associated events to lessen their morbidity.
Lipid and hardness characteristics of cocoa butters from different geographic regions

Twenty-four commercially pressed cocoa butters and 39 laboratory solvent extracted cocoa butters were evaluated. A rapid method using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to evaluate the hardness of small quantities of cocoa butter. In the DSC thermogram of a quenched sample, the percentage area under the polymorph II endotherm had a positive correlation (r=0.74) with the mechanical hardness. Soft cocoa butters were characterized by high POO, SOO content (P=palmitic acid, O=oleic acid, S=stearic acid), high iodine value, low percentage, area under the polymorph II endotherm from the DSC scanning, and low SOS. Hard cocoa butters displayed opposite characteristics. In general, South American cocoa butters were the softest and had a 37.03 iodine value, a total of 9.1% POO and SOO, and a 26.4% area under the polymorph II endotherm. Cocoa butters from Asia and Oceania were the hardest and had a 34.74 iodine value, a total of 4.1% POO and SOO, and a 35.65% area under the polymorph II endotherm. North and Central American and African cocoa butters were intermediate in hardness characteristics.
Intrinsic Regulation of Spatiotemporal Organization within the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

The mammalian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) contains a population of neural oscillators capable of sustaining cell-autonomous rhythms in gene expression and electrical firing. A critical question for understanding pacemaker function is how SCN oscillators are organized into a coherent tissue capable of coordinating circadian rhythms in behavior and physiology. Here we undertake a comprehensive analysis of oscillatory function across the SCN of the adult PER2::LUC mouse by developing a novel approach involving multi-position bioluminescence imaging and unbiased computational analyses. We demonstrate that there is phase heterogeneity across all three dimensions of the SCN that is intrinsically regulated and extrinsically modulated by light in a region-specific manner. By investigating the mechanistic bases of SCN phase heterogeneity, we show for the first time that phase differences are not systematically related to regional differences in period, waveform, amplitude, or brightness. Furthermore, phase differences are not related to regional differences in the expression of arginine vasopressin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, two key neuropeptides characterizing functionally distinct subdivisions of the SCN. The consistency of SCN spatiotemporal organization across individuals and across planes of section suggests that the precise phasing of oscillators is a robust feature of the pacemaker important for its function.
Enzymatic activity of metal-binding proteins in epidermal cells.

Enzymatic activity was investigated in metal-binding proteins from rat epidermal cells. Tris-HCl buffer soluble and KSCN solubilized proteins were extracted stepwise from granular and cornified cells of 2-day old rat epidermis. Each extract was separately applied to a Cu2+ or Zn2− chelate Sepharose 6B column and the proteins were eluted with buffers of different pHs and finally with EDTA solution. Metal chelate-binding proteins were found in both soluble and solubilized proteins but there was a larger amount in the latter. Affinity of the proteins to bind with Cu2+ chelate was greater than that with Zn2+ chelate. In Tris-HCl buffer extract, histidase activity was detected in Cu2+ chelate-binding proteins, but not in Zn2+ chelate-binding proteins. Acid phosphatase, cysteine proteinase, dipeptidase, cathepsin D, β-galactosidase, gelatin hydrolase, and superoxide dismutase did not bind to metal chelates although these enzymes, except acid phosphatase, were inhibited by Cu2+, but not by Zn2+. In contrast, KSCN solubilized metal chelate-binding proteins showed plasminogen activator, acid phosphatase, and gelatin and casein hydrolases while histone hydrolase did not bind to either chelate column. Since metal-binding proteins in rat epidermal cells have been shown previously to be histidine- and cysteine-rich proteins concentrated in keratohyalin granules, interaction of metals and the structural proteins with certain enzymes may be involved in the regulation of epidermal cell functions.
Far infrared spectra and barriers to internal rotation of benzaldehyde, benzoyl fluoride, benzoyl chloride and acetophenone

Abstract The far infrared (250-40 cm−1) spectra of gaseous benzaldehyde, benzoyl fluoride, benzoyl chloride and acetophenone have been recorded. The fundametnal CHO torsion for benzaldehyde has been observed at 110.85 cm−1 with three excited states at 109.51, 106.52 and 104.17 cm−1 along with several “hot bands” arising from the low frequency bending modes. The corresponding fundamental for benzoyl fluoride has been observed at 63.36 cm−1 with one well defined excited state at 61.91 cm−1. Similarly, bands observed at 44.6 and 49.5 cm−1 in the spectra of benzoyl chloride and acetophenone, respectively, have been assigned to the fundamental CXO torsions of these molecules. These data have allowed for the determination of the twofold barrier which governs the internal rotation of the CXO mojety and have been found to be 1611 cm−1 (4.61 kcal mol−1), 1739 cm−1 (4.97 kcal mol−1), 1162 cm−1 (3.32 kcal mol−1) and 1103 cm−1 (3.15 kcal mol−1) for the aldehyde, fluoride, chloride and ketone, respectively. These results are compared to previously obtained values for two of the molecules and to some corresponding barriers for several related molecules.
Acute Drainage of Pericardial Effusion May Precipitate Right Ventricular Failure.

CONTRIBUTION OF AN INTACT PERICARDIUM toward optimal ventricular function is not well-delineated. The restraining effect of the pericardium against right ventricular dilatation in a setting of increased afterload may be protective. The authors present a case report of acute hemodynamic deterioration following pericardial effusion drainage secondary to worsening of right ventricular failure in a patient with acute-on-chronic increase in right ventricular afterload. As the protective pericardial restraint against dilatation is more conspicuous in these conditions, caution should be exercised and efforts to optimize right ventricular contractility and loading conditions should be initiated prior to drainage of a seemingly clinically significant effusion.
Coherence and the Truth Connection

There is an objection to coherence theories of knowledge to the effect that coherence is not connected with truth, so that when coherence leads to truth this is just a matter of luck. Coherence theories embrace falliblism, to be sure, but that does not sustain the objection. Coherence is connected with truth by principles of justified acceptance that explain the connection between coherence and truth. Coherence is connected with truth by explanatory principle, not just luck.
Ability of Activation Recovery Intervals to Assess Action Potential Duration During Acute No‐Flow Ischemia in the In Situ Porcine Heart

Activation Recovery Intervals During No-Flow Ischemia. Introduction: The ability to assess transmural changes in action potential duration during acute no-flow ischemia is essential to an understanding of the tachyarrhythmias that occur in this setting. The purpose of this study was to determine if activation recovery intervals determined from unipolar electrograms would provide this information. Methods and Results: We recorded simultaneously transmembrane action potentials and unipolar electrograms from sites located as closely together as possible in the center and at the lateral margin of the ischemic zone during acute no-flow ischemia and correlated the changes in activation recovery intervals obtained from the unipolar electrograms to the changes in action potential duration. We found that the activation recovery intervals provided an accurate measure of the changes in action potential duration during acute no-flow ischemia provided the electrograms had a well-defined, single negative component to the QRS complex with a maximum negative dV/dt > 10 V/sec and a single positive component to the T wave having a maximum positive dV/dt > 1.6 V/sec. Electrograms meeting these criteria comprised 90% of the electrograms recorded at the margin of the ischemic zone throughout 60 minutes of no-flow ischemia. In the center of the ischemic zone, 75% of the recorded electrograms met these criteria for the first 20 minutes of no-flow ischemia. Thereafter, the percentage declined and after 40 minutes of no-flow ischemia, none of the electrograms recorded in the center of the ischemic zone met these criteria. Conclusion: Activation recovery intervals obtained from unipolar electrograms provide an accurate assessment of changes in action potential duration throughout the ischemic zone during acute no-flow ischemia, provided the characteristics of the electrograms meet specific predetermined criteria.
Development of Hand Preference in the Colorado Adoption Project

A longitudinal study of the development of hand preference in 152 adopted and 120 nonadopted (control) infants measured in natural behavioral situations at both 12 and 24 mo. of age is reported. Significant developmental trends were observed for both increasing strength and direction of handedness. Less than 10% of the infants exhibited a clear preference at 12 mo. of age, whereas about 30% were lateralized at 24 mo., with more boys than girls being left-handed. In contrast, over 90% of the parents of these children (both biological and adoptive parents of the adopted children and parents of the nonadopted children) were lateralized. Perhaps because so few infants were lateralized at either age, parent-offspring resemblances were inconsistent and the number of significant parent/child correlations was about that expected on the basis of chance alone.
ACE: A Circuit Extractor

This paper describes the design, implementation and performance of a fiat edge-based circuit extractor for NMOS circuits. The extractor is able to work on large and complex designs, it can handle arbitrary geometry, and outputs a comprehensive wirelist. Measurements show that the run time of the edge-based algorithm used is linear in size of the circuit, with low implementation overheads. The extractor is capable of analyzing a circuit with 20,000 transistors in less than 30 minutes of CPU time on a VAX 11/780. The high performance of the extractor has changed the role that a circuit extractor played in the design process, as it is now possible to extract a chip a number of times during the same session.
On regularizing descriptor systems by output feedback

In this paper, linear time-invariant descriptor-variable systems are considered which are either nonregular or, if they are regular, they have impulsive modes. It is shown that if a certain necessary and sufficient condition is satisfied, then both regularity can be established and impulsive modes can be eliminated by output feedback. We have also considered the problem of achieving structural properties of the regularized system. >