cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beyond effective supervision: Identifying key interactions between superior and subordinate

Abstract This paper goes beyond the operant-based model of effective supervision by examining the process associated with one of its key behaviors—performance monitoring—and by drawing on the interactional perspective. A hypothesis that emphasizes the reciprocal and performance-related nature of the events set into motion by performance monitoring was proposed and tested. A randomized two-group experiment was conducted with 60 manager-subordinate pairs. A monitor group in which managers collected information (e.g., sampled the work) was contrasted with an antecedent group in which managers conveyed information (e.g., provided instructions). Using the Operant Superior-Subordinate Taxonomy and Index, trained observers coded both parties' behaviors every 5 seconds. As hypothesized, more subordinate discussions of their own performance and more superior consequences occurred in the monitor vs. antecedent group. Furthermore, the lag sequential analyses revealed a pattern of reciprocal interactions. Monitoring appeared to stimulate subordinates talking about their own performance; this, in turn, set the stage for managers to provide consequences and continue monitoring subordinates' performance. Thus, the documentation of the rich, yet subtle, interaction patterns helped explain the impact of performance monitoring.
Copigmentation of aurone and flavone from petals of Antirrhinum majus

Abstract A bathochromic shift of the visible λmax of aureusin was obtained by the copigmentation of this aurone with apigenin 7-glucuronide. The spectra of the copigment complex and that of the petals of Yellow Rocket snapdragons were similar.
Radiogenomics: creating a link between molecular diagnostics and diagnostic imaging.

Abstract Studies employing high-throughput biological techniques have recently contributed to an improved characterization of human cancers, allowing for novel sub-classification, better diagnostic accuracy, and more precise prognostication. However, requirement of surgical procurement of tissue among other things limits the clinical application of such methods in everyday patient care. Radiographic imaging is routine in clinical practice but is currently histopathology based. The use of routine radiographic imaging provides a potential platform for linking specific imaging traits with specific gene expression patterns that inform the underlying cellular pathophysiology; imaging features could then serve as molecular surrogates that contribute to the diagnosis, prognosis, and likely gene-expression-associated treatment response of various forms of human cancer. This review focuses on high-throughput methods such as microarray analysis of gene expression, their role in cancer research, and in particular, on novel methods of associating gene expression patterns with radiographic imaging phenotypes, known as “radiogenomics.” These findings underline a potential future role of both diagnostic and interventional radiologists in genetic assessment of cancer patients with radiographic imaging studies.
Acute myocardial infarction after administration of low-dose intravenous epinephrine for anaphylaxis

This case describes a 29-year-old woman who presented with an acute severe anaphylactic reaction to penicillin. In addition to other medications administered in the emergency department, she received 0.1 mg intravenously of 1:10 000 epinephrine, after which she immediately developed severe chest pain. Her ECG showed ST elevations consistent with an anterior myocardial infarction, and her serum troponin level was elevated. A CT angiogram showed no signs of coronary artery disease or abnormal anatomy. This case is an example of vasospasm-induced myocardial injury and illustrates a potential danger of intravenous epinephrine use. The authors were able to identify only 2 other case reports where therapeutic doses of epinephrine have been reported to cause this phenomenon.
Postharvest peel pitting at non-chilling temperatures in grapefruit is promoted by changes from low to high relative humidity during storage

‘Marsh’ white grapefruit are prone to develop postharvest peel pitting during storage at non-chilling temperatures. The disorder is characterized by sunken areas or ‘pits’ on the flavedo followed by browning and dryness of affected areas in severe stages. Despite its uncertain cause, coating fruit with commercial waxes coupled with warm-temperature storage has been reported to promote peel pitting. In this work, we examined the effect of changes in relative humidity (RH) and waxing at various times during storage on the incidence of postharvest peel pitting. Grapefruit stored at 20 ◦ C and constant low (30%) or high (90%) RH developed low levels of peel pitting, even if waxed immediately after harvest. In contrast, when fruit stored at 30% RH were transferred to 90% RH, the incidence of peel pitting markedly increased, while transferring from 90 to 30% RH did not lead to increased pitting. This effect was greater in fruit exposed to prolonged periods of dehydration at 30% RH. Removal or redistribution of natural surface fruit waxes by washing followed by storage at low RH had little effect on peel pitting, but the transfer of washed fruits from low to high RH markedly increased peel damage. Waxing fruit enhanced severity of the damage only if there was a previous dehydration period. Light microscopy of damaged peel revealed no difference in morphology of affected tissues whether fruit were transferred from low to high RH, or after waxing following dehydration. Taken together, the results suggest that in ‘Marsh’ grapefruit the alteration of water relations in peel is a key factor in the incidence of postharvest peel pitting, and that preservation of a constant water status prior to and during postharvest handling may have an important role in maintaining peel quality. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Evidence-Informed Program Improvement: Using Principles of Effectiveness to Enhance the Quality and Impact of Family-Based Prevention Programs

In recent years, federal, state, and local governments and other funding organizations have increased pressure for greater effectiveness and accountability of prevention programs, including those oriented toward families. This rising demand for program accountability has fueled a growing interest in evidence-based programs. Drawing on what is known about evidence-based prevention programs, we discuss some common principles of effective programs and present a process for how practitioners can use these principles to improve the quality and impact of existing family programs. We term this approach evidence-informed program improvement.
Multiobjective Optimization of OFDM Radar Waveform for Target Detection

We propose a multiobjective optimization (MOO) technique to design an orthogonal-frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) radar signal for detecting a moving target in the presence of multipath reflections. We employ an OFDM signal to increase the frequency diversity of the system, as different scattering centers of a target resonate variably at different frequencies. Moreover, the multipath propagation increases the spatial diversity by providing extra “looks” at the target. First, we develop a parametric OFDM radar model by reformulating the target-detection problem as the task of sparse-signal spectrum estimation. At a particular range cell, we exploit the sparsity of multiple paths and the knowledge of the environment to estimate the paths along which the target responses are received. Then, to estimate the sparse vector, we employ a collection of multiple small Dantzig selectors (DS) that utilizes more prior structures of the sparse vector. We use the l1-constrained minimal singular value (l1-CMSV) of the measurement matrix to analytically evaluate the reconstruction performance and demonstrate that our decomposed DS performs better than the standard DS. In addition, we propose a constrained MOO-based algorithm to optimally design the spectral parameters of the OFDM waveform for the next coherent processing interval by simultaneously optimizing two objective functions: minimizing the upper bound on the estimation error to improve the efficiency of sparse-recovery and maximizing the squared Mahalanobis-distance to increase the performance of the underlying detection problem. We provide a few numerical examples to illustrate the performance characteristics of the sparse recovery and demonstrate the achieved performance improvement due to adaptive OFDM waveform design.
Out-of-school genomics program for young women demystifies genomics and fosters interest in biomedical sciences.

Background: Pharmacogenomics (PGx) plays a critical role in personalized medicine; however, most healthcare practitioners lack the training and confidence in PGx required to fully utilize its potential. Although continuing education and inclusion of PGx into the professional curricula will begin to address this deficiency, PGx education at the secondary and postsecondary levels would demystify PGx and pique interest at an academic stage that is key to funneling PGx curious students into the science and healthcare pipeline earlier. Methods: This article describes the development and evaluation of a genomics outreach program targeted at young women in high school with the ultimate goal of recruiting students into an undergraduate PGx program and school of pharmacy. Results: This program increased participants’ genomics knowledge, influenced their careers interests, and imparted positive feelings towards a genomics-based and/or biomedical career. Conclusion: Genomics-based educational outreach programs geare...
Mini direct drive robot arm for biomedical application

The potential of electromagnetic actuation in a very small machine has been investigated. It has been compared to the newer technology of electrostatic micro-machines. Considerations on energy density, scaling capability, heat dissipation and actual geometry of a design have lead the authors to the conclusion that electromagnetic actuators are also competitive in the submillimeter range. The authors give a description of their 4 degree of freedom direct drive force feedback mini robot. It uses winchester disk drive technology, which is compact, powerful, clean and getting smaller, year after year. This robot could be the prototype of a family of mini-robots adapted to micro-surgery, biology and clean-room environment. >
Loss of Compartmentalization Causes Misregulation of Lysine Biosynthesis in Peroxisome-Deficient Yeast Cells

To characterize the metabolic role of peroxisomes in yeast cells under physiological conditions, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of published microarray data. Previous studies of yeast peroxisomes have mainly been focused on the function of peroxisomes under extreme conditions, such as growth on oleate or methanol as the sole carbon source, and may therefore not be representative of the normal physiological role of yeast peroxisomes. Surprisingly, our analysis of the microarray data reveals that the only pathway responding to peroxisome deficiency in mid-log phase is lysine biosynthesis, whereas classical peroxisomal pathways such as beta-oxidation are unaffected. We show that the upregulation of lysine biosynthesis genes in peroxisome-deficient yeasts shares many characteristics with the physiological response to lysine starvation. We provide data that suggest that this is the result of a "pathological" stimulation of the Lys14p transcriptional activator by the pathway intermediate aminoadipate semialdehyde. Mistargeting of the peroxisomal lysine pathway to the cytosol increases the active concentration of aminoadipate semialdehyde, which is no longer contained in the peroxisome and can now activate Lys14p at much lower levels than in wild-type yeasts. This is the first well-documented example of pathway misregulation in response to peroxisome deficiency and will be useful in understanding the phenotypic details of human peroxisome-deficient patients (Zellweger syndrome).
THE DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUMENTS TO MEASURE ATTITUDES TOWARD ABORTION AND KNOWLEDGE OF ABORTION

PIP: An abortion-attitude scale and an abortion knowledge inventory that may be used by health educators, counselors, and researchers in order to assess attitudes toward abortion, knowledge of abortion, and to determine the relationship between these 2 factors was developed. The information obtained can be used to assist in the development of educati onal programs and curricula and to aid counselors in becoming more helpf ul to the students. The instruments were constructed from a sample of undergraduate students at Brooklyn College of the City University of New York. All students were from randomly selected classes and participated voluntarily. The instruments were completed during the summer of 1973. The Abortion-Attitude Scale is a 5-point summated rating scale designed to determine each subject's positive or negative attitude toward abortion as a birth control method. The Abortion-Knowledge Inventory has a 4-option multiple choice format, designed to determine each subject's knowledge about abortion. The mean attitude score for the final administration to 527 students was 116.6 which falls almost halfway between 90 (undecided) and 150 (fully in favor), indicating a generally liberal attitude. The mean knowledge scores for the 527 students was 16.1 which is equal to a percentage score of 54%. In order to determine the relationship between attitudes toward and knowledge of abortion as birth control, scores on the 2 scales were correlated. The results indicate a moderate and statistically significant relationship. It appears that with more knowledge about abortion the students tended to have more favorable attitudes.
Molecular Basis of Regulating High Voltage-Activated Calcium Channels by S-Nitrosylation

Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in a variety of physiological processes, such as vasoregulation and neurotransmission, and has a complex role in the regulation of pain transduction and synaptic transmission. We have shown previously that NO inhibits high voltage-activated Ca(2+) channels in primary sensory neurons and excitatory synaptic transmission in the spinal dorsal horn. However, the molecular mechanism involved in this inhibitory action remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of S-nitrosylation in the NO regulation of high voltage-activated Ca(2+) channels. The NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP) rapidly reduced N-type currents when Cav2.2 was coexpressed with the Cavβ1 or Cavβ3 subunits in HEK293 cells. In contrast, SNAP only slightly inhibited P/Q-type and L-type currents reconstituted with various Cavβ subunits. SNAP caused a depolarizing shift in voltage-dependent N-type channel activation, but it had no effect on Cav2.2 protein levels on the membrane surface. The inhibitory effect of SNAP on N-type currents was blocked by the sulfhydryl-specific modifying reagent methanethiosulfonate ethylammonium. Furthermore, the consensus motifs of S-nitrosylation were much more abundant in Cav2.2 than in Cav1.2 and Cav2.1. Site-directed mutagenesis studies showed that Cys-805, Cys-930, and Cys-1045 in the II-III intracellular loop, Cys-1835 and Cys-2145 in the C terminus of Cav2.2, and Cys-346 in the Cavβ3 subunit were nitrosylation sites mediating NO sensitivity of N-type channels. Our findings demonstrate that the consensus motifs of S-nitrosylation in cytoplasmically accessible sites are critically involved in post-translational regulation of N-type Ca(2+) channels by NO. S-Nitrosylation mediates the feedback regulation of N-type channels by NO.
Visual analysis of situationally aware building evacuations

Rapid evacuation of large urban structures (campus buildings, arenas, stadiums, etc.) is a complex operation and of prime interest to emergency responders and planners. Although there is a considerable body of work in evacuation algorithms and methods, most of these are impractical to use in real-world scenarios (non real-time, for instance) or have difficulty handling scenarios with dynamically changing conditions. Our goal in this work is towards developing computer visualizations and real-time visual analytic tools for building evacuations, in order to provide situational awareness and decision support to first responders and emergency planners. We have augmented traditional evacuation algorithms in the following important ways, (1) facilitate real-time complex user interaction with first responder teams, as information is received during an emergency, (2) visual reporting tools for spatial occupancy, temporal cues, and procedural recommendations are provided automatically and at adjustable levels, and (3) multi-scale building models, heuristic evacuation models, and unique graph manipulation techniques for producing near real-time situational awareness. We describe our system, methods and their application using campus buildings as an example. We also report the results of evaluating our system in collaboration with our campus police and safety personnel, via a table-top exercise consisting of 3 different scenarios, and their resulting assessment of the system.
Schema Activation in Memory for Prose

Forty-eight college students listened to two ambiguous passages about familiar topics under one of four context conditions. Half of the students were given appropriate contextual information about the passages either just before or just after hearing the passages. The remaining students either received no contextual informa- tion or received inappropriate contextual information about the passages. Following an interpolated activity, recall of the passage information was significantly lower for those subjects who were not able to activate an appropriate schema at the time of ac- quisition of the material. Students given inappropriate contextual information recall- ed less material than students given no contextual information. The results extend previous research with sentences to larger units of connected discourse and are discussed within the framework of schema shifting, a cognitive process essential in the comprehension of continuous prose. Communication depends on a reader or listener receiving linguistic information that refers to counterparts in his or her knowledge system. Comprehension occurs when the person has found "a set of schemata which appear to give a sufficient ac- count of the information" (Rumelhart & Ortony, 1977, p. 112). Comprehension may fail either because the knowledge structures (schemata) do not exist, or because the person is unable to generate the appropriate structures in a particular situation. The generation of appropriate structures is aided by the semantic context surrounding the message.
Endocrine Disease in Pet Birds

Disease affecting the avian endocrine system is discussed: neoplasia, goiter, hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, hypocalcemia syndrome, adrenal conditions and diabetes mellitus. Clinical diagnostic procedures such as TSH and ACTH stimulation tests and the use of plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations are reviewed.
Discontinuous Time Relaxation Method for the Time-Dependent Navier-Stokes Equations

A high-order family of time relaxation models based on approximate deconvolution is considered. A fully discrete scheme using discontinuous finite elements is proposed and analyzed. Optimal velocity error estimates are derived. The dependence of these estimates with respect to the Reynolds number Re is 𝒪(Re𝑒Re), which is an improvement with respect to the continuous finite element method where the dependence is 𝒪(Re𝑒Re3).
Alterations in prostacyclin and thromboxane formation by chronic cigarette smoke exposure: temporal relationships and whole smoke vs. gas phase

Chronic cigarette smoke exposure in vivo causes decreased conversion of [14C]arachidonic acid (AA) to prostacyclin (PGI2) by isolated aortic tissue and increased conversion to thromboxane (TXA2) by isolated platelets from rats. Alterations in the PGI2/TXA2 balance may be part of the mechanism through which smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. To study the influence of smoke exposure duration on this response, male rats were exposed daily to 10 puffs of freshly generated cigarette smoke. Animals were klledd after 1, 4, 14, 28 and 57 days of smoke exposure and 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after cessation of the 57-day of smoke-exposure regimen. Elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels during the smoke-exposure sessions verified smoke (gas phase) inhalation. Statistically significant alterations in prostacyclin synthesis preceded those of thromboxane. A decrease of 20-25% (P<0.05) in PGI2 production from [14C]AA in isolated aortic tissue was found beginning 28 days after smoke was initiated and quickly rebounded when smoke exposure was terminated. Increased production of TXA2 from [14C]AA by isolated platelets became statistically significant (P<0.05) on the 57th day and returned to normal 7–14 days after cessation of smoke exposure. To determine the effect of gas phase constituents on the PGI2/TXA2 balance a second series of experiments divided male and female Sprague-Dawley rats into sham, whole smoke and gas phase groups. Gas phase was produced by passing whole smoke through a Cambridge filter to remove particulate matter. Per cent COHb averaged 1.4 for sham, 7.8 for whole smoke and 9.4 for gas phase groups. After 8 and 12 weeks of exposure, whole smoke decreased aortic PGI2 and increased platelet TXA2 both in male and in female rats. In contrast to whole smoke exposure, 8 or 12 weeks of exposure to gas phase constituents filed to produce any statistically significant alteration in PGI2 and TXA2 formation. It was concluded that changes in PGI2 and TXA2 formation occur readily following initiation or termination of chronic whole smoke exposure and that substances present in the particulate phase of smoke are essential to producing these changes.
On the distribution of ambiguity levels in MIMO radar

The statistical behavior of sidelobe-ambiguity arising in location estimation in distributed coherent MIMO radar is studied in this paper. A model is developed for analyzing the statistics of the localization metric under random sensor locations. Closed form expressions are obtained for the mean and variance of the localization metric. It is shown that the mean is independent of the number of sensors and its sidelobes decrease with the squared distance from the coherence point of the MIMO array. With M transmit sensors and N receive sensors, the variance behaves as 1/MN for locations beyond the vicinity of the target being observed. When all N sensors function as transceivers, the variance approaches 2/N2. Except in the vicinity of the target, the side lobe levels have equal distribution at every location. The study is extended to derive the statistics of the peak sidelobe level and a simple expression is obtained relating the required number of sensors for a tolerated level of peak sidelobes and a desired confidence level.
The Relationship between Tax Revenues and Government Expenditures in European Union and Non-European Union OECD Countries

This article examines the causal relationship between tax revenues and government expenditures in twenty-two OECD countries, eleven European Union (EU) member states, and eleven non-EU. We use the ...
Discrete State Simulation of Electrical Conductivity and the Peltier Effect for Arbitrary Band Structures

An object-oriented, discrete state method for simulating coupled systems was defined. A proof-of-principle simulation of the effect of acoustic phonon scattering on electrical current was performed. Steady-state and relaxation processes were numerically simulated. A relaxation time constant was measured. The numerical simulation of Peltier cooling and heating was defined as a special case of the scattering and transport physics of the proof-of-principle simulation. The scattering terms were designed to account for local interface conditions.
Calsoyasuchus valliceps, a new crocodyliform from the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation of Arizona

Abstract We describe a new fossil crocodyliform archosaur from the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation of the Navajo Nation that is surprisingly derived for so ancient a specimen. High-resolution X-ray CT analysis reveals that its long snout houses an extensive system of pneumatic paranasal cavities. These are among the most distinctive features of modern crocodylians, yet the evolutionary history of this unique system has been obscured by the inaccessibility of internal structures in most fossil crania. Preliminary phylogenetic analysis indicates that the new species is the oldest known member of a monophyletic Goniopholididae, and within this lineage to be the sister taxon of Eutretauranosuchus, from the Late Jurassic Morrison formation of Colorado. Goniopholididae became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous, but it is more closely related to living crocodylians than are several lineages known only from Cretaceous and younger fossils. The new taxon nearly doubles the known length of goniopholid history and...
Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis

The concept of endothelial “injury,” or dysfunction, has been central to the “response to injury” hypothesis of atherosclerosis, which was formulated in 19731 and has been modified and retested for the past 16 years.2–4 This hypothesis proposes that many forms of functional alteration may occur in the endothelium, some of which may have morphologic manifestations, whereas others may induce no visible change. These changes may lead to a series of cellular interactions at focal sites within the artery wall. They involve white cells of the blood (T lymphocytes and monocyte/macrophages) and cells of the artery wall (endothelium and smooth muscle) in a series of complex interactions that lead to the development of fatty streaks, fibrofatty (or intermediate) lesions, and ultimately to fibrous plaques, which may become the advanced, complicated, ulcerated, or calcified occlusive lesions of atherosclerosis.
Children and Parents, Innocence and Guilt

This essay responds to Professor Stephen Lee’s review of my book, Immigration Outside the Law (Oxford Univ. Press 2014). See Stephen Lee, “Growing Up Outside the Law,” 128 Harv. L. Rev. 1405 (2015). Professor Lee first questions my core reliance on Plyler v. Doe — a case about children — in a book about unauthorized migrants in general. He then explains a “membership as brokering” approach to understanding the claims of some unauthorized migrants to be treated as Americans in waiting. My response first agrees with Professor Lee that the differences between unauthorized children and adults are typically exaggerated. Immigration Outside the Law unsettles any such dichotomy by delving much deeper than Plyler and explaining how unauthorized migration to the United States is a story of de facto government policy that tolerates and acquiesces in unauthorized migration.Second, Professor Lee’s analysis of membership as brokering is perceptive, but it helps with only half of the argument for treating unauthorized migrants as Americans in waiting. A complete argument has two parts. It must first explain why all immigrants — whether lawfully or unlawfully present — should be treated as Americans in waiting. Membership as brokering is valuable here. Because children are crucial in immigrant integration, Lee’s analysis does vital work to discredit the child/adult part of the dichotomy between innocent children and guilty adults. But it is also necessary to explain why unauthorized migrants should be treated as well as lawful immigrants — that is, why the lack of lawful status shouldn’t matter. Unless combined with an analysis of innocence and guilt, membership as brokering won’t persuade those who question whether unauthorized migrants have any legitimate claim to integration. To address that doubt, the essential foundation is an analysis of innocence and guilt that comes from examining the meaning of unlawful presence. This is the foundation that Immigration Outside the Law tries to provide.
Status and Trends of Loon Populations Summering in Alaska, 1971-1993

Loons (Gavia spp.) were counted during the Alaska-Yukon Waterfowl Breeding Population Survey from 1971 to 1993 and the Arctic Coastal Plain Waterbird Breeding Population Survey from 1986 to 1993. Population indices for Alaska (not corrected for visibility bias) are presented by species for boreal forest, tundra, and both habitats combined. Minimum mean population estimates (1977-1993) with 95% confidence intervals were 15,360 (±2,235) Red-throated Loons (G. stellata), 69,498 (±5,596) Pacific Loons (G. pacifica), 8,886 (±843) Common Loons (G. immer) and 2,636 (±614) Yellow-billed Loons (G. adamsii). Populations of Pacific, Common and Yellow-billed Loons did not change significantly between 1977 and 1993, whereas Red-throated Loons declined by 53% to a 1993 level of 9,843 (±2,447) (r 2 = 0.65, P < 0.001). Factors affecting results from aerial surveys are discussed.
Do laboratory tests of blood pressure reactivity predict blood pressure changes during everyday life

This study was undertaken to examine whether blood pressure reactivity measured in the controlled setting of a laboratory could be correlated with blood pressure changes occurring during daily life. The subjects were 164 untreated hypertensives with mild hypertension, all of whom had a 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure recording, during which their activities were unrestricted. One hundred thirteen performed a treadmill exercise test, and 51 performed two active coping tasks (playing a video game or mental arithmetic). Blood pressure was monitored at baseline and during the tasks. Significant correlations were observed between the absolute levels of pressure measured during the laboratory tests and ambulatory monitoring, but these were higher for the active coping tasks (r = 0.53 to 0.75) than the exercise testing (r = 0.26 to 0.46) and were no higher for pressures measured during the tasks than at baseline. Correlations between the changes of blood pressure during the laboratory tasks and the changes occurring during ambulatory monitoring were analyzed in three ways, using simple, multiple, and canonical correlations. In no case were these correlations substantively significant. We conclude that blood pressure reactivity measured in the laboratory may not be readily generalized to changes of pressure in everyday life, as measured by noninvasive ambulatory recorders.
Matrix-free Brownian dynamics simulation technique for semidilute polymeric solutions

Evaluating the concentration dependence of static and dynamic properties of macromolecules in semidilute polymer solutions requires accurate calculation of long-range hydrodynamic interactions (HI) and short range excluded volume (EV) forces. In conventional Brownian dynamics simulations (BDS), computation of HI necessitates construction of a dense diffusion tensor commonly performed via Ewald summation. Krylov subspace techniques allow efficient decomposition of this tensor [computational cost scales as O(N^{2}), where N is the total number of beads in bead-spring representation of macromolecules in a simulation box] and computation of Brownian displacements in the box. In this paper, a matrix-free approach for calculation of HI is implemented which leads to O(NlogN) scaling of computational expense. The fidelity of the algorithm is demonstrated by evaluating the asymptotic value of center-of-mass diffusivity of polymer molecules at very low concentrations and their radius of gyration scaling as a function of number of beads for dilute and semidilute solutions (with concentrations up to 5 times the overlap concentration). In turn, a favorable comparison between our results and the blob theory is shown.
Prenatal health care and pregnancy outcomes of internal migrants:a controlled trial

Objective To investigate the difference of prenatal health care of different censue rgister,and to analysis relationship between prenatal examination and pregnancy outcomes of foreign migrant women in Beijing city.Methods From Jan.2006 to Dec.2006,the clinic data of 2339 section in maternity department of Xuanwu hospital affiliated to capital university of medical science were reviewed and analyzed.Results The group of non-local,rural pregnant women has lower average age,and more childbirths than each other group.The local urban group had the earliest first check-up,while non-local,rural women tended to have the latest first preganancy check-up.There was also statistically significant difference among the groups with regards to the number of pregnancy examination.Local urban group had the highest examination frequency and the non-local,rural group had the lowest.There were more spontaneous labors and vaginal delivery cases in the non-local rural women group.On the other hand,the non-local,rural women group had fewer cases of cesarean delivered especially cesarean delivered without indicated.The local urban group,in contrast,had the highest cesarean rate without indication.Conclusion More efforts in improving prenatal care service for floating population need to be taken to raise their health condition.
Research on the application of software defined network in electric power data communication network

Software defined network(SDN) is a new architecture of network.The separation of network control plane and network data forwarding plane and the realization of programmable control is the design concept of SDN.Standford University put forward the concept of openflow in 2007,it provides standard interfaces and separates the data forwarding and routing control function of the traditional network communication equipment by the flow control method.The article makes a deep research on SDN from the aspects of technical connotation,equipment model and etc.It also makes a research on the actual demand and the existing problems of electric power data communication network of which the application of SDN in electric power data communication network is discussed.
Contribution of the bronchial circulation to lung preservation.

Short preservation time still severely limits lung transplantation. To determine the effect of bronchial arterial flush preservation, we studied 54 dogs using the isolated perfused working lung model. After baseline measurements, lungs were flushed with lactated Ringer’s solution (60 ml/kg at 8° C) by one of three methods: pulmonary artery perfusion, bronchial artery perfusion through a 15 cm closed aortic segment, or simultaneous pulmonary-bronchial artery perfusion. These groups were further subdivided and tested after 0, 4, and 17 hours of storage at 4° C (n = 6 each). Lungs were ventilated (flow rate 140 ml/kg/min; inspired oxygen fraction 0.21) and continuously reperfused with normothermic deoxygenated autologous blood in a closed loop. Measured variables were hemodynamics, aerodynamics, and leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage. Survival time was determined from initial reperfusion to failure of the lung to oxygenate. After 0 and 4 hours of storage, there was no significant difference in survival times. After 17 hours, lungs subjected to pulmonary-bronchial artery perfusion survived longer than those perfused via either the pulmonary or bronchial arteries alone (120 ± 24 versus 38 ± 14 or 52 ± 16 minutes; p
The Ultrastructure of the Epicuticular Interference Reflectors of Tiger Beetles (Cicindela)

Tiger beetles of the genus Cicindela exhibit iridescent structural coloration due to the presence of a non-ideal multilayer interference reflector located in the outermost 2 μm of the integument. The reflector is composed of alternating layers of electron-lucent and electron-dense material. This series of layers was distinguished from chitinous procuticle by its position, ultrastructure and solubility in dilute KOH. The reflector appears homologous with the inner epicuticle of current models. Measurements of surface reflectance, refractive index and the dimensions of the alternating layers suggests that the dense layer has a refractive index (RI) near 2.0 and may be a melanoprotein.
Physical Aspects of Flocculation: From Microscale to Macroscale

Flocculation is described by the Smoluchowski equation. Two-particle collisions are considered to occur by Brownian motion, fluid motion (shear), and differential sedimentation. In its original form, the Smoluchowski equation incorporated a rectilinear view of collisions, i.e., a view that ignored the effects of hydrodynamics and van der Waals attraction on particle collisions. A comparison between experimental results for heterodisperse suspensions and predictions of the rectilinear model of flocculation suggests strongly that the model overpredicts the collison frequency between large and small particles. Two methods that correct this problem are explored in this paper. First, a view of collisions in turbulent flow is presented; in this view the applicable velocity gradient that influences the collision frequency for fluid motion is a decreasing function of particle size. This approach is relatively new and somewhat unproven, but does have a basis in turbulence theory. Second, a curvilinear view of collisions that does account for hydrodynamic interactions and van der Waals attraction is considered; this approach, well-founded in theory developed by others, leads to a dramatic reduction in the predicted collision frequency between large and small particles.
The Importance of Intrinsically Disordered Segments of Cardiac Troponin in Modulating Function by Phosphorylation and Disease-Causing Mutations.

Troponin plays a central role in regulation of muscle contraction. It is the Ca2+ switch of striated muscles including the heart and in the cardiac muscle is physiologically modulated by PKA-dependent phosphorylation at Ser22 and 23. Many cardiomyopathy-related mutations affect Ca2+ regulation and/or disrupt the relationship between Ca2+ binding and phosphorylation. Unlike the mechanism of heart activation, the modulation of Ca2+-sensitivity by phosphorylation of the cardiac specific N-terminal segment of TnI (1-30) is structurally subtle and has proven hard to investigate. The crystal structure of cardiac troponin describes only the relatively stable core of the molecule and the crucial mobile parts of the molecule are missing including TnI C terminal region, TnI (1-30), TnI (134-149) (‘inhibitory’ peptide) and the C-terminal 28 amino acids of TnT that are intrinsically disordered. Recent studies over the years have been performed to answer this matter by building structural models of cardiac troponin in phosphorylated and dephosphorylated states based on peptide NMR studies. Now these have been updated by more recent concepts derived from molecular dynamic simulations treating troponin as a dynamic structure. The emerging model confirms the stable core structure of troponin and the mobile structure of the intrinsically disordered segments. We will discuss how we can describe these segments in terms of dynamic transitions between a small number of states with the probability distributions being altered by phosphorylation and by HCM or DCM-related mutations that can explain how Ca2+-sensitivity is modulated by phosphorylation and the effects of mutations.
Toward Rational, Evidence-Based, and Clinically Relevant Measures to Determine Improvement Following Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder.

This interesting paper by Witkiewitz and colleagues (Witkiewitz et al. 2017) calls for the need to create a more comprehensive scale to acknowledge and measure the naturally fluctuating levels of drinking among patients. As such, there is a dire need to unify, under a common instrument, a clinically meaningful endpoint measure to determine the efficacy of treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD) for both the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Such a homology would have the advantage that any treatment found efficacious in either of these influential and pioneering domains would be applicable to the other. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Effect of complications on oncologic outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer.

Abstract Background Although adjuvant therapy (AT) is a necessary component of multimodality therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), its application can be hindered by post-pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) complications. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of post-PD complications on AT utilization and overall survival (OS). Methods Patients undergoing PD without neoadjuvant therapy for stages I-III PDAC at a single institution (2007-2015) were evaluated. Ninety-day postoperative major complications (PMCs) were defined as grade ≥3. Records were linked to the Kentucky Cancer Registry for AT/OS data. Early AT was given 16 wk was not considered to be AT. Complication effects on AT timing/utilization and OS were evaluated. Results Of 93 consecutive patients treated with surgery upfront with AT data, 64 (69%) received AT (41 [44%] early; 23 [25%] late). There were 32 patients (34%) with low-grade complications and 24 (26%) with PMC. With PMC, only six of 24 patients (25%) received early AT and 13 of 24 (54%) received any (early/late) AT versus 35 of 69 (51%) early AT and 51 of 69 (74%) any AT without PMC. PMCs were associated with worse median OS (7.1 versus 24.6 mo, without PMC, P 2 cm (HR: 3.39), node-positivity (HR: 2.16), and PMC (HR: 3.69, all P Conclusions Independent of AT utilization and biologic factors, PMC negatively impacted OS in patients treated with surgery first. These data suggest that strategies to decrease PMC and treatment sequencing alternatives to increase multimodality therapy rates may improve oncologic outcomes for PDAC.
Ion channel mechanisms underlying frequency-firing patterns of the avian nucleus magnocellularis: A computational model.

We have previously shown that late-developing avian nucleus magnocellularis (NM) neurons (embryonic [E] days 19-21) fire action potentials (APs) that resembles a band-pass filter in response to sinusoidal current injections of varying frequencies. NM neurons located in the mid- to high-frequency regions of the nucleus fire preferentially at 75 Hz, but only fire a single onset AP to frequency inputs greater than 200 Hz. Surprisingly, NM neurons do not fire APs to sinusoidal inputs less than 20 Hz regardless of the strength of the current injection. In the present study we evaluated intrinsic mechanisms that prevent AP generation to low frequency inputs. We constructed a computational model to simulate the frequency-firing patterns of NM neurons based on experimental data at both room and near physiologic temperatures. The results from our model confirm that the interaction among low- and high-voltage activated potassium channels (KLVA and KHVA, respectively) and voltage dependent sodium channels (NaV) give rise to the frequency-firing patterns observed in vitro. In particular, we evaluated the regulatory role of KLVA during low frequency sinusoidal stimulation. The model shows that, in response to low frequency stimuli, activation of large KLVA current counterbalances the slow-depolarizing current injection, likely permitting NaV closed-state inactivation and preventing the generation of APs. When the KLVA current density was reduced, the model neuron fired multiple APs per sinusoidal cycle, indicating that KLVA channels regulate low frequency AP firing of NM neurons. This intrinsic property of NM neurons may assist in optimizing response to different rates of synaptic inputs.
Towards understanding the syntactic representation of honorifics in Korean

One of the salient features of the Korean language is honorifics. Two kinds of honorifics have been discussed in the literature, subject honorific and addressee honorific. The subject honorific is characterized by honorific markers on the subject and predicate. The addressee honorific is usually marked by formal and/or polite speech style particles at the end of a sentence. The subject honorific is characterized by its optionality which has raised many questions about its nature, whether it is a type of formal feature agreement or not. The addressee honorific, however, has not received much attention from a theoretical perspective in the literature though much descriptive work is available. In this paper, we attempt to discuss the optionality of subject honorific in the context of the nature of honorifics in general, including the addressee honorific. More specifically, we examine how honorific is encoded in the grammar by focusing on embedding of honorifics. Some empirical data show that embedding of honorifics (or politeness) is restricted in certain constructions. Based on examining these constructions, we claim that there is a generalization that prohibits the occurrence of honorific/politeness marker in the embedded CP domain. We further claim that this restriction interacts with subject honorific in such a way that it forces the agreement of honorific to take place obligatorily in certain constructions, thereby making the optionality of the subject honorific to hold only conditionally and circumstantially.
Output compaction for high X-densities via improved input rotation compactor design

Testing requires checking whether the output response of a circuit or system is correct or has an error. Combinational linear compactors can be used to compact the output response for a large number of scan chains into a smaller number of outputs. While some compactor designs can guarantee observation of all scan chains in the presence of a small number of X's (unknowns), this may not be sufficient for designs with higher X densities. This paper presents a completely new methodology for designing an output compactor based on using an input rotator that is able to maintain high observability even in the presence of high X-densities while still achieving high compaction ratios. The key idea is to place a combinational rotator in front of a carefully designed XOR network that maximizes separation of the input dependence in adjacent inputs within a particular shift distance of the input rotator. A systematic procedure is presented for constructing such a compactor given a targeted compaction ratio and maximum shift distance. Experimental results show significant improvement in observability for high X-densities in comparison to existing state-of-the-art compaction methods including X-compact and Steiner compactors for the same compaction ratio. This results in higher fault coverage, better diagnosis, and less overhead when output compaction is employed in designs with high X-densities.
The Time Domain in Individual Subject Research

“A most important function of time in psychology is as a matrix for imbedding the behavioral stream” (Galanter, 1984, p. 193). The temporal ordering of behaviors is of importance from the very earliest days of life, and this is apparent in the behavior of the single individual and in the behaviors of interacting individuals, such as a mother and her infant. Temporal order is considered to be expressed in two major ways: (a) in consistencies of behavioral sequences, either in an individual or between individuals; and (b) in the regularity of recurrence of specific behaviors. The first form of ordering is studied generally for the purpose of making cause-effect inferences; study of the latter form is typically motivated by an interest in the rhythmicity of behaviors such as sleep, activity, and even patterns of social interaction. In both instances, sequential analysis is the strategy for study.