cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Designing Fullerene Separation Materials: A Theoretical Study

Fullerenes, among other carbon nanostructures, are very promising as potential components for the development of nanodevices and nanomachines. One of the current hurdles in developing such devices is obtaining components/molecules of the same size in sufficient quantity. Typically, when carbon nanostructures are synthesized, a distribution of sizes is generated. Therefore, an efficient separation technique is needed. A computational model that could identify suitable separation materials would be of considerable value. Herein, we apply the AM1-FS1 method, an empirically corrected version of the AM1 Hamiltonian, to study the complexation of eight different fullerenes by four different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon nanorings. We find (not unexpectedly) that the diameter of the nanoring governs the expected guest; however, two different size fullerenes may adopt conformations with a common diameter, eliminating selectivity. Therefore, selective separation of fullerenes is a conformation problem, with incre...
Resonant scattering and multiple Bragg X-ray diffraction in LaMnO3; a classical view.

The mechanism for resonant scattering in LaMnO3 has been the subject of some controversy between two models. Model (A) is based on orbital ordering, whereas model (B) invokes the Jahn–Teller distortion. From the structural point of view, the two models lead to different d-electron densities. The forbidden reflection 300 is turned on by resonance, leading to a well defined scheme for the lobes of the Mn d electrons [model (A)]. It turns out that the same experimental results could have been interpreted according to model (B). The only difference is that this alternative interpretation would have required a structure factor F300 of opposite sign. This is a typical example of a phase problem. An experimental technique has been applied for phase determination based on multiple Bragg scattering. This shows that the multiple-beam results are in agreement with model (B), not with model (A), laying to rest a long overdue controversy.
Automatic control of gas turbines for natural-gas pipe-line pumping

In an expansion era in the natural-gas pumping field, rivaling the building of the railroads, considerable interest has developed in the application of gas turbines, driving centrifugal compressors, for the pumping of natural gas. Since overall system reliability and continuity of service are the watchwords in natural gas pumping, the gas turbine fulfills all requirements. Its features ? relatively simple construction, automatic operation, self-sustentation, self-protection, low installation and maintenance costs ? indicate that the gas turbine is an excellent prime mover for pumping natural gas through long distance pipelines.
Central efferent pathways mediating skin cooling-evoked sympathetic thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue

Control of thermoregulatory effectors by the autonomic nervous system is a critical component of rapid cold-defense responses, which are triggered by thermal information from the skin. However, the central autonomic mechanism driving thermoregulatory effector responses to skin thermal signals remains to be determined. Here, we examined the involvement of several autonomic brain regions in sympathetic thermogenic responses in brown adipose tissue (BAT) to skin cooling in urethane-chloralose-anesthetized rats by monitoring thermogenic [BAT sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and BAT temperature], metabolic (expired CO(2)), and cardiovascular (arterial pressure and heart rate) parameters. Acute skin cooling, which did not reduce either rectal (core) or brain temperature, evoked increases in BAT SNA, BAT temperature, expired CO(2), and heart rate. Skin cooling-evoked thermogenic, metabolic, and heart rate responses were inhibited by bilateral microinjections of bicuculline (GABA(A) receptor antagonist) into the preoptic area (POA), by bilateral microinjections of muscimol (GABA(A) receptor agonist) into the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH), or by microinjection of muscimol, glycine, 8-OH-DPAT (5-HT(1A) receptor agonist), or kynurenate (nonselective antagonist for ionotropic excitatory amino acid receptors) into the rostral raphe pallidus nucleus (rRPa) but not by bilateral muscimol injections into the lateral/dorsolateral part or ventrolateral part of the caudal periaqueductal gray. These results implicate the POA, DMH, and rRPa in the central efferent pathways for thermogenic, metabolic, and cardiac responses to skin cooling, and suggest that these pathways can be modulated by serotonergic inputs to the medullary raphe.
The spectrum of myelodysplastic syndromes post-solid organ transplantation: a single institutional experience

An increased incidence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has recently been documented in patients post-solid organ transplantation but the incidence and types of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) occurring in this patient population are not known. We identified 5 patients (3M, 2F, age 48-64 years) who developed MDS ranging from 1.8 to 25 years (median 4.2 years) post-solid organ transplantation, only 2 patients had received azathioprine. The cumulative incidence of MDS in heart and lung transplant recipients at 15 years was 0.5% and 1.8%, respectively, which is markedly higher compared to the general population. Low-risk types of MDS predominated, 3 of 5 patients are alive (median 3.9 years) since diagnosis. Deletions of chromosome 20q, which have not been previously reported in post-transplant MDS/AML, were identified in 3 cases. Our findings expand the morphologic and cytogenetic spectrum of MDS occurring post-solid organ transplantation and suggest that mechanisms beside azathioprine toxicity might be important in disease pathogenesis.
Mechanistic dichotomy in CpRu(CH(3)CN)(3)PF(6) catalyzed enyne cycloisomerizations.

Enynes are easily accessible building blocks as a result of the rich chemistry of alkynes and thus represent attractive substrates for ring formation. A ruthenium catalyst for cycloisomerization effects such reaction of 1,6- and 1,7-enynes typically at room temperature in acetone or DMF under neutral conditions. The reaction is effective for forming five- and six-membered rings of widely divergent structure. The alkyne may bear both election-donating and election-withdrawing substituents. The alkene may be di- or trisubstituted. Introduction of a quaternary center at the propargylic position of an ynoate, however, completely changes the nature of the reaction. In the case of a 1,6-enynoate, a seven-membered ring forms in excellent yield under equally mild conditions. Evidence is presented to indicate a complete change in mechanism. In the former case, the reaction involves the intermediacy of a ruthenacyclopentene. In the latter case, a C−H insertion to form a π-allylruthenium intermediate is proposed and...
Nutritional Properties of Pollock, Cod and Salmon Processing By-Products

Abstract It is possible to make feed ingredients of different byproducts and this paper evaluates some of the important nutritional properties of Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogramma)and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus). Heads, viscera, frames, and skins were obtained from processing plants, and heads and viscera from plants processing pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). Essential amino acid concentrations were used for calculating rat protein efficiency ratio (PER) and resulted in high values for fillet, followed by whole fish, frames and viscera, heads and skin. All by-products except salmon viscera had greater than 90% pepsin digestibility. Differences in mineral content were detected between species within a by-product and between by-products within species. Percent soluble protein of pollock and salmon by-products increased as pH increased from 5.4 to 7.1.
Calculation of matrix elements in the beta-decays of Sc44 and Mn52

Recent experiments make possible the approximate determination of mixing ratios∫σ/∫1 for several nuclei in J→J beta transitions. We verify that the signs of these ratios in two nuclei (Sc44 and Mn52) are consistent with plausible assumptions about the nature of the nuclear wavefunctions, as determined using thej-j coupling nuclear shell model.
The Influence of Instructions to Correct for Bias on Social Judgments

We examined how instructions to correct for bias influenced judgments of a male target person whose behavior towards a female was either negative or ambiguous. Half of the female participants with egalitarian or traditional views about gender were instructed to correct for bias prior to reading the vignette. All participants rated his negative behavior unfavorably. In the non-instructed condition, participants with a traditional bias rated the ambiguous male behavior more favorably than participants with an egalitarian bias. However, in the instructed condition, this pattern was reversed. Results demonstrate that the evaluative implications of behavior can impact correction effects.
Amino acid deprivation induces synthesis of four proteins in chick embryo cells

Abstract Amino acid deprivation of chick embryo cells enhances the synthesis of four proteins whose molecular weights are approx. 89000, 73000, 35000 and 27000. This enhancement, which is seen in medium completely free of amino acids, can be prevented by the addition of any single amino acid. Furthermore, in the absence of amino acids in the medium, DNA and RNA synthesis is markedly inhibited, an effect which is similarly prevented by the addition of single amino acids. These new proteins synthesized in the amino acid-free medium co-migrate on one-dimensional gels with the ‘stress proteins’ induced by a variety of agents such as heavy metals, sulfhydryl reagents, heat shock, and amino acid analogues.
Total and active ghrelin in developing rats during hypoxia.

Hypoxia is well known to decrease appetite and weight gain in growing rats, and to induce weight loss in humans. It has been hypothesized that this is mediated by a change in ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide synthesized and released primarily from the stomach. Rats were exposed to hypoxia for 7 d as neonates (birth-7 d of age), weanlings (28–35 d of age), and juveniles (49–56 d of age). Hypoxia had no effect on total or active plasma ghrelin. There was a significant decrease in active ghrelin in weaned rats (0.8±0.1 ng/mL) compared to nursing pups at 7 d of age (2.3±0.2 ng/mL). The proportion of total ghrelin that was active decreased significantly between 7 and 35 d of age. We conclude that the anorexia and weight loss associated with hypoxia is probably not mediated by ghrelin. There appear to be changes in active ghrelin levels in plasma during early development in the rat.
The Role of the Transcription Factor Sp1 in Regulating the Expression of the WAF1/CIP1 Gene in U937 Leukemic Cells

The Waf1/Cip1 protein induces cell cycle arrest through inhibition of the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Expression of the WAF1/CIP1 gene is induced in a p53-dependent manner in response to DNA damage but can also be induced in the absence of p53 by agents such as growth factors, phorbol esters, and okadaic acid. WAF1/CIP1 expression in U937 human leukemic cells is induced by both phorbol ester, a protein kinase C activator, and by okadaic acid, an inhibitor of phosphatases 1 and 2A. Both of these agents induce the differentiation of these leukemic cells toward macrophages. We demonstrate that phorbol esters and okadaic acid stimulate transcription from the WAF1/CIP1 promoter in U937 cells. This transcription is mediated by a region of the promoter between −154 and +16, which contains two binding sites for the transcription factor Sp1. Deletion or mutation of these Sp1 sites reduces WAF1/CIP1 promoter response to phorbol ester and okadaic acid, while a reporter gene under the control of a promoter containing only multiple Sp1 binding sites and a TATA box is induced by phorbol ester and okadaic acid. The WAF1/CIP1 promoter is also highly induced by exogenous Sp1 in the Sp1-deficient Drosophila Schnieder SL 2 cell line. These results suggest that phorbol ester and okadaic acid activate transcription of the WAF1/CIP1 promoter through a complex of proteins that includes Sp1 and basal transcription factors.
Strong epistatic selection on the RNA secondary structure of HIV.

A key question in evolutionary genomics is how populations navigate the adaptive landscape in the presence of epistasis, or interactions among loci. This problem can be directly addressed by studying the evolution of RNA secondary structures, for which there is constraint to maintain pairing between Watson-Crick (WC) sites. Replacement of a nucleotide at one site of a WC pair reduces fitness by disrupting binding, which can be restored via a compensatory replacement at the interacting site. Here, I present the first genome-scale analysis of epistasis on the RNA secondary structure of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Comparison of polymorphism frequencies at ancestrally conserved sites reveals that selection against replacements is ∼2.7 times stronger at WC than at non-WC sites, such that nearly 50% of constraint can be attributed to epistasis. However, almost all epistatic constraint is due to selection against conversions of WC pairs to unpaired (UP) nucleotides, whereas conversions to GU wobbles are only slightly deleterious. This disparity is also evident in pairs with second-site compensatory replacements; conversions from UP nucleotides to WC pairs increase median fitness by ∼4.2%, whereas conversions from GU wobbles to WC pairs only increase median fitness by ∼0.3%. Moreover, second-site replacements that convert UP nucleotides to GU wobbles also increase median fitness by ∼4%, indicating that such replacements are nearly as compensatory as those that restore WC pairing. Thus, WC peaks of the HIV-1 epistatic adaptive landscape are connected by high GU ridges, enabling the viral population to rapidly explore distant peaks without traversing deep UP valleys.
Heterogeneous bubble nucleation and disequilibrium H2O exsolution in Vesuvius K-phonolite melts

Abstract This study focuses on constraining bubble nucleation and H 2 O exsolution processes in alkalic K-phonolite melts, using “white pumice” of the 79 AD eruption of Vesuvius as starting material. The first set of experiments consisted of H 2 O solubility runs at 1153 to 1250 K and pressures between 50 and 200 MPa, to constrain equilibrium water concentrations along the decompression pathways. The decompression experiments were equilibrated with H 2 O at 150 MPa and 1173 and 1223 K, and then decompressed at 3 to 17 MPa/s before rapid quenching. Experiments nucleated bubbles within the first 50 MPa pressure drop, producing maximum bubble number densities (N V ), corrected to melt volume, of 3.8 × 10 14 m − 3 at 1173 K and 4.3 × 10 13 m − 3 at 1223 K. Most bubbles were not visibly attached to crystals, except for a subset attached to pyroxenes primarily in the 1173 K experiments. When compared with prior bubble nucleation studies, the reduced nucleation ΔP and relatively low N V observed indicate predominantly a heterogeneous nucleation mechanism. Melt–vapor–crystal wetting angles measured in 1173 K experiments from bubbles attached to pyroxene crystals are 36 to 69°, which are similar to those measured on titanomagnetite crystals in calc-alkaline dacite melts. The 1223 K experiments have porosities and water concentrations that largely track equilibrium, despite the rapid decompression rate. The 1173 K experiments deviate strongly from equilibrium trends in both porosity and water concentration, and slower H 2 O diffusion rates are likely the cause of the inhibited bubble growth. Bubble number densities from 79 AD Vesuvius natural EU2 pumice are relatively high (2 to 4 × 10 15 m − 3 ; [Gurioli, L., Houghton, B.F., Cashman, K.V., Cioni, R., 2005. Complex changes in eruption dynamics during the 79 AD eruption of Vesuvius. Bull. Volcanol. 67: 144–159.]) when corrected to vesicularity. In comparison, corrected N V 's from homogeneous and heterogeneous bubble nucleation experiments from this study and prior work are at least factor of 5 lower, indicating perhaps that the natural magmas initially nucleated bubbles in the presence of CO 2 . The disequilibrium H 2 O exsolution seen in the 1173 K experiments indicates that inhibited bubble growth could lead to delayed exsolution in the conduit in cooler K-phonolite magmas.
Poliovirus type 1 in working stocks of typed human rhinoviruses.

Summary After eradication of circulating polioviruses, reintroduction might arise from cultured laboratory stocks, or from collections of patients' or environmental samples. In an example of a further class of risk, we recorded poliovirus type 1 in at least four working stocks of what had been identified as various serotypes of human rhinovirus. This finding emphasises the need to urgently assess the possibility of presence of poliovirus, even in apparently wellcharacterised stocks of other viruses, to screen for the virus where necessary, and to destroy materials in which risk outweighs potential benefit.
Ball State University Libraries and OCLC GOVDOC Service

Ball State University Libraries began adding records for depository government publications to its online catalog in mid- 1990. Marcive was chosen for retrospective records, and OCLC GOVDOC Service for ongoing records. GOVDOC records were compatible with NOTIS, the Libraries' online system. The GOVDOC profiling ensured that only records for documents selected from the Government Printing Office (GPO) would be received. The few problems encountered since beginning the Service are the result of GPO cataloging practices. After three years, the GOVDOC Service continues to provide an efficient, cost-effective way to add records to an online catalog.
Development of a Fast and High Resolution X-Ray Imaging Sensor for In-Line Inspection of Tape Substrate

In an automated tape substrate inspections, machine vision is widely adopted for high throughput and cost advantages. However, conventional methods are overly sensitive to foreign particles or have limitations in detecting three-dimensional defects such as top over-etched defect. Foreign particles such as dustsdo not affect the integrity of the final product and are often detected as defects during inspection. To complement vision inspection systems, a prototype fast and fine spatial resolution X-ray imaging sensor has been developed. This image sensor, based on an optoelectronic device – the microchannel plate (MCP), has a spatial resolution of 20 μm and functions at frame rate of 30 fps. X-ray imaging is appropriate as it is virtually transparent to dust particles and provides information regarding the thickness of the copper wire patterns.
Determinants of China trade pattern: A test of the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem

Abstract Although enormous empirical works have been done to elaborate, to criticize, and to test the Hecksher-Ohlin theorem (H-O theorem) there has been only one which applied H-O theorem to a centralized economy (Rosenfield). Would a centralized economy follow comparative advantage principle in the international competitive market? The paper tries to answer this question by imposing H-O theorem to China trade data to explore the Chinese trade pattern as “revealed trade behaviors” under the principle of comparative of advantage. The results show that although China has a domestic planing mechanism, it follows H-O theorem prediction in the international market. The paper also tries to derive some implications of economic reform and new “open door” policy on China's trade pattern.
On the pion form factor in the parton model

Abstract A photon interacting with a spin 0 pion will in the parton model couple to its spin 1 2 constituents. This has important implications for the elastic and transition form factors of the pion. Experimental consequences are discussed.
A simple alternative to the Barbalat lemma

This paper gives a simple proof of the property that if a signal is square integrable and has a bounded derivative, then the signal converges to zero asymptotically.
Effect of Parasitoid: Host Ratio and Group Size on Fitness of Spathius galinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Implications for Mass-Rearing

Producing insect natural enemies in laboratories or insectaries for biological pest control is often expensive, and developing cost-effective rearing techniques is a goal of many biological control programs. Spathius galinae Belokobylskij and Strazenac (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a newly described ectoparasitoid of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is currently being evaluated for environmental introduction in the United States to provide biological control of this invasive pest. To improve mass-rearing outcomes for S. galinae, we investigated the effects of parasitoid: host ratio and parasitoid and host group size (density) on parasitoid fitness. Our results showed that when 1 emerald ash borer larva was exposed to 1, 2, 4, or 8 female parasitoids, parasitism rate was positively associated with increasing parasitoid: host ratio, while brood size, sex ratio, and fitness estimates of progeny were not affected. When a constant 1:1 parasitoid: host ratio was used, but group size varied from 1 female parasitoid and 1 host, 5 parasitoids and 5 hosts, 10 of each, and 20 of each in same size rearing cages, parasitism rates were highest when at least 5 females were exposed to 5 host larvae. Moreover, the number of progeny produced per female parasitoid was greatest when group size was 10 parasitoids and 10 hosts. These findings demonstrate that S. galinae may be reared most efficiently in moderately high-density groups (10 parasitoids and hosts) and with a 1:1 parasitoid: host ratio.
SOLAR EARTH-WATER DISTILLATION FOR WET SAND.

ABSTRACT SOLAR earth-water distillation is a means of extracting moisture from an earth medium. Three designs of the hot-box type of solar earth-water still were tested using wet or saturated sand. The designs included: low height with reflective interior siding, tall height with reflective siding and tall height with absorptive siding. The daily volume of distillate from the different designs was compared. A twenty-centimeter-tall still with reflective siding produced significantly greater yields than one twice as tall. No significant difference in the yield between tall stills with light-absorptive versus light-reflective interior siding was found. A regression equation was developed to predict water production for a low still with reflective siding and a sixteen-degree cover slope. Independent variables included soil moisture, solar radiation and maximum and minimum daily temperature.
Sustainable Power Generation in Microbial Fuel Cells Using Bicarbonate Buffer and Proton Transfer Mechanisms

Phosphate buffer solution has been commonly used in MFC studies to maintain a suitable pH for electricity-generating bacteria and/or to increase the solution conductivity. However, addition of a high concentration of phosphate buffer in MFCs could be expensive, especially for wastewater treatment. In this study, the performances of MFCs with cloth electrode assemblies (CEA) were evaluated using bicarbonate buffer solutions. A maximum power density of 1550 W/m3 (2770 mW/m2) was obtained at a current density of 0.99 mA/cm2 using a pH 9 bicarbonate buffer solution. Such a power density was 38.6% higher than that using a pH 7 phosphate buffer at the same concentration of 0.2 M. Based on the quantitative comparison of free proton transfer rates, diffusion rates of pH buffer species, and the current generated, a facilitated proton transfer mechanism was proposed for MFCs in the presence of the pH buffers. The excellent performance of MFCs using bicarbonate as pH buffer and proton carrier indicates that bicarbon...
INSTANT PARACHUTE PLASTICS HOUSE FOR DISASTER AREAS

Abstract This paper deals with research into an instant parachute plastics house for disaster areas. Such a house is formed by rigidising a special parachute with light rigid panels that can be used for dropping food and medical supplies to the affected areas. Rigidisation can be carried out by impregnating the joints between the panels of the parachute with a resin/hardener system by pressure injection in a predetermined pattern, just prior to drop. This would convert the parachute into a rigid shell before it hits the ground. Problems that are discussed in detail are plastics and parachute materials, the opening characteristics, methods of impregnation, porosity and its effect on the aerodynamic behavior of the parachute, behavior on touchdown and the problem of anchorage, and architectural and structural considerations. A leaflet that needs to be dropped with the house is also briefly discussed. Final conclusions have been drawn.
Partial evaluation of logic programs

Partial evaluation refers to program transformation techniques based on local and incremental application of actual evaluation. We have developed a framework for partial evaluation of logic programs. By applying developed techniques to all predicate calls appearing in programs, better runtime performance can be achieved. Our framework selects proper partial evaluation techniques based on argument instantiations of calls. Major improvement over a currently know framework is that there would be no longer explosive growth of partially evaluated programs. In addition, our framework extends the range of applicability of partial evaluation to the level of comparisons of function symbols during unifications.
Patterning Nanoscale Structures by Surface Chemistry

This letter reports on a simulation of the nanoscale self-assembly process of a two-phase monolayer on an elastic substrate. Two competing actions determine the phase sizes and their spatial ordering. The phase boundary energy tends to coarsen the phases, while the concentration-dependent surface stress tends to refine the phases. A continuum phase field model is developed, which combines spinodal decomposition, surface stress and surface chemistry. The simulation shows that the self-assembly process can be guided by tuning the surface chemistry of a substrate. An epilayer may evolve into various nanoscale patterns in such a way.
Separation of Cs-137, Sr-90, and Th-232 in Aqueous Solution by Using a Multistage Countercurrent Batch Contactor Ion-Exchange System

Abstract The radioisotopes Cs-137, Sr-90, and Th-232, in simulated high level nuclear liquid waste, were recovered and sequentially separated by using an 8-stage flask simulation of a multistage countercurrent batch contactor (MCBC) ion-exchange system. The solution normality ratio used for the three ions Cs:Sr:Th was 1:1:1. The solution was contacted for 2 h with resin Dowex HCR-W2 initially in the H+ form. The obtained recovery efficiency of the MCBC and the purity of the separated ions for the three ions were 77 and 60% for Cs+, 64 and 93% for Sr2+, and 99 and 65% for Th4+, respectively.
Apparent transfer constants of mercaptans in emulsion polymerization. II. Effect of reactions other than polymer chain transfer

When all the modifier is dissolved in the polymer particles the chain transfer constant, d log (RSH)/d log (M) of n-octyl mercaptan at 90% conversion in the emulsion polymerization of butadiene (50°C) is 19, the same value as in bulk and in emulsion at 0% conversion. The relative rate of consumption of mercaptan and monomer is unaffected by variation of persulfate and presence of a diluent such as benzene. While mercaptan is consumed by addition to the polymer double bonds (nonmodifying reaction) in monomer-free polybutadiene latex containing persulfate, this addition reaction is virtually suppressed completely in the presence of butadiene monomer. On the basis of the accuracy of the determinations of mercaptan and monomer a slight activation of polymer molecules at high conversion with subsequent cross linking cannot be excluded.
On a minimum grain size for domain formation in lanthanum-modified lead titanate ferroelectric ceramics

When cubic lead titanate, point group m3m, is cooled below its Curie point, it transforms into 100>, becoming tetragonal, point group 4mm. This is the ferroelectric state. In order to relieve the transformation strain, twins (ferroelectric domains) form, with )101) habit. A critical grain size for twinning has also been found using transmission electron microscopy. The experimentally observed minimum grain size (<0.3 ..mu..m) is consistent with values derived from a balance of the cubic to tetragonal elastic strain and twin surface energies. The samples under consideration were lanthanum-modified lead titanate, Pb/sub 0.7/La/sub 0.2/O/sub 3/ + 0.1 PbO, prepared by sintering.
Chemistry of high-concentration point defects: a novel statistical thermodynamic approach applied to calcium-doped cerium oxides

Abstract Traditional mass action laws that govern defect concentrations are based on the assumptions of negligible interactions and random distributions, and are not applicable in the high-defect-concentration regime. General equations applicable in this regime can be obtained using a statistical thermodynamic formulation that explicitly incorporates long-range Coulombic interactions and the generalized exclusion effects. This is demonstrated using calcium-doped cerium oxide as a model system.
Moment T -matrix approach to e + -H scattering. II. Elastic scattering and total cross section at intermediate energies

Elastic amplitudes for ${e}^{+}$-H scattering are calculated for positron energies from 0.25-1.15 a.u. (\ensuremath{\sim}7-34 eV), an energy range where pickup and impact-ionization channels are open. These amplitudes are used to calculate the elastic ${e}^{+}$-H cross section, and assuming unitarity, the total ${e}^{+}$-H scattering cross section.
Architecture of a μRFID with integrated antenna in 3D SOI-CMOS

We report on an implementation of a self-powered radio-frequency identification tag in a three-dimensional silicon on insulator (3D SOI) process, which uses backscatter modulation to send a hardwired digital code to a scanner.
Comparison between optical measurements and a numerical solution of the flow field within a transonic axial-flow compressor rotor

A comparison between numerical and experimental results is presented for the flowfield within a transonic axial-flow compressor rotor. The rotor was tested at design speed and a wide open throttle discharge condition. The relative tip Mach number was 1.4. A laser anemometer system was used to measure velocity and flow angle upstream, within, and downstream of the rotor. A holographic interferometer was used to visualize the rotor shock system near the tip. The computational procedure solves the full three-dimensional Euler equations using a time-marching technique. Shock location and shape determined from the two optical systems are compared. Calculated relative Mach number and flow angle contours, shock locations, and shock strength are compared to values measured with the laser anemometer.
High-pressure phase equilibria for the synthesis of ionic liquids in compressed CO2 for 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide with 1-bromohexane and 1-methylimidazole

Abstract The use of carbon dioxide in the synthesis of ionic liquids (ILs) has many advantages over conventional solvents. Here, the high-pressure phase equilibria (including CO 2 solubility, volume expansion, and mixture critical points) are measured and modeled for the system involved in the synthesis of a model imidazolium ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([HMIm][Br]) from 1-bromohexane and 1-methylimidazole. The global phase behavior of 1-methylimidazole was investigated and found to be a Type V system (or potentially IV) from the classification of Scott and van Konynenburg with regions of vapor–liquid equilibrium, vapor–liquid–liquid equilibrium, liquid–liquid equilibrium, an upper and lower critical endpoint and mixture critical points. The solubility and volume expansion of CO 2 in 1-methylimidazole, 1-bromohexane, a 1:1 mixture of 1-methylimidazole and 1-bromohexane and [HMIm][Br] was determined at 313.15 K and 333.15 K for pressures ranging from 10 to 160 bar. The solubility of CO 2 and the volume expansion increases in the order of [HMIm][Br] ≪ 1-methylimidazole 2 .
MODELS OF GERIATRICS PRACTICE; The Hospital Elder Life Program: A Model of Care to Prevent Cognitive and Functional Decline in Older Hospitalized Patients

OBJECTIVES: To describe the Hospital Elder Life Program, a new model of care designed to prevent functional and cognitive decline of older persons during hospitalization. PROGRAM STRUCTURE AND PROCESS: All patients aged ≥ 70 years on specified units are screened on admission for six risk factors (cognitive impairment, sleep deprivation, immobility, dehydration, vision or hearing impairment). Targeted interventions for these risk factors are implemented by an interdisciplinary team-including a geriatric nurse specialist, Elder Life Specialists, trained volunteers, and geriatricians—who work closely with primary nurses. Other experts provide consultation at twice-weekly interdisciplinary rounds. INTERVENTION: Adherence is carefully tracked. Quality assurance procedures and performance reviews are an integral part of the program. PROGRAM OUTCOMES: To date, 1507 patients have been enrolled during 1716 hospital admissions. The overall intervention adherence rate was 89% for at least partial adherence with all interventions during 37,131 patient-days. Our results indicate that only 8% of admissions involved patients who declined by 2 or more points on MMSE and only 14% involved patients who declined by 2 or more points on ADL score. Comparative results for the control group from the clinical trial were 26% and 33%, and from previous studies 14 to 56% and 34 to 50% for cognitive and functional decline, respectively. Effectiveness of the program for delirium prevention and of the program's nonpharmacologic sleep protocol have been demonstrated previously. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the Hospital Elder Life Program successfully prevents cognitive and functional decline in at-risk older patients. The program is unique in its hospital-wide focus; in providing skilled staff and volunteers to implement interventions; and in targeting practical interventions toward evidence-based risk factors. Future studies are needed to evaluate cost-effectiveness and long-term outcomes of the program as well as its effectiveness in non-hospital settings.
Nonparametric-likelihood inference based on cost-effectively-sampled-data

Costs associated with the evaluation of biomarkers can restrict the number of relevant biological samples to be measured. This common problem has been dealt with extensively in the epidemiologic and biostatistical literature that proposes to apply different cost-efficient procedures, including pooling and random sampling strategies. The pooling design has been widely addressed as a very efficient sampling method under certain parametric assumptions regarding data distribution. When cost is not a main factor in the evaluation of biomarkers but measurement is subject to a limit of detection, a common instrument limitation on the measurement process, the pooling design can partially overcome this instrumental limitation. In certain situations, the pooling design can provide data that is less informative than a simple random sample; however this is not always the case. Pooled-data-based nonparametric inferences have not been well addressed in the literature. In this article, a distribution-free method based o...
Replicated batch means for steady-state simulations

This paper studies a new steady-state simulation output analysis method called replicated batch means in which a small number of replications are conducted and the observations in these replications are grouped into batches. This paper also introduces and compares methods for selecting the initial state of each replication. More specifically, we show that confidence intervals constructed by the replicated batch means method are valid for large batch sizes and derive expressions for the expected values and variances of the steady-state mean and variance estimators for stationary processes and large sample sizes. We then use these expressions, analytical examples, and numerical experiments to compare the replicated batch means method with the standard batch means and multiple replications methods. The numerical results, which are obtained from an AR(1) process and a small, nearly-decomposable Markov chain, show that the multiple replications method often gives confidence intervals with poorer coverage than the standard and replicated batch means methods and that the replicated batch means method, implemented with good choices of initialization method and number of replications, provides confidence interval coverages that range from being comparable with to being noticeably better than coverages obtained by the standard batch means method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006
On the infrared opacity of Jupiter's outer atmosphere

Abstract Limb-darkening measurements of Jupiter in the 8–14 micron wavelength band are used to determine the dependence of the source function on optical depth in Jupiter's atmosphere. Assuming that the enhancement of emission from the shadows of satellites is derived from the propagation downward into the atmosphere of complete transparency at the loss of energy no longer maintained by the Sun, one can derive, from the observed degree of enhancement and the time in which it is reached, the ratio of the 8–14 micron absorption coefficient per gram to the specific latent energy of the atmosphere. The assumptions are such that a lower bound to the opacity is produced. Ammonia appears to be ruled out as the responsible agent and other compounds of known presence seem less likely
Obesity and the practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery

Abstract Objectives Obesity is a disease that affects approximately 51 million Americans. The purpose of this paper is to establish the frequency of overweight and obese patients in an urban inner city oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) center, to provide an overview of the commonly applied standards and methods of establishing obesity, and to discuss the clinical and surgical implications that obesity has on the dispensing of office oral and maxillofacial surgical and anesthetic care. Study design Consecutive patients presenting with oral and maxillofacial health needs were routinely screened for sex, age, blood pressure, pulse, height, and weight. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated in pounds using a standard mathematical formula for adults. Comparative statistical methods were used to depict the data. Results The study included 520 patients. The average age of all patients was 34.55 years, average height was 66.58 inches, and average weight was 176.71 lbs with an average BMI of 28.5. One hundred ninety-four females (67%) were recorded as overweight and 130 females (45%) were recorded as obese (BMI > 30). Fewer males were overweight (55%) or obese (25%). Conclusions Sixty-five percent of the patients observed in this study were judged as overweight or obese compared to a national average of 61%. Females of all ages were more likely to be overweight or obese compared to males. The complexities of treating a substantial number of obese patients in an OMS practice deserve more study.
Lipid phase transitions in membrane vesicles from Thermoplasma acidophila

l’hermoplasma acidophila has been classified as a Mycoplasma. The organism grows optimally at pH 2 and 59°C [ 11. Although it has no cell wall, the cell is extremely resistant to osmotic shock and mechanical rupture [2-61. Highly purified membranes are prepared by lysing the cells at alkaline pH [6]. The lipid content of the membrane is low (19%, w/w). More than 50% of the lipid by weight is composed of two long-chain alkyl ethers [2,6], a small amount are fatty acid esters [6]. The proteins in the membranes are hydrophobic and are apparently destabilized at high pH values due to ionization of carboxyl groups [3,61. In the present work, we report about investigations of the physical properties of the lipid phase in membrane vesicles isolated from T. acidophila. For that purpose fatty acid spin labels were incorporated in the membranes lipids. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of such spin labels provide information about the lipid phase of the membrane [7,81.
100 000 quinacrine sterilizations.

There have been 100000 quinacrine nonsurgical female sterilizations worldwide. Quinacrine sterilization entails transcervical insertion of seven quinacrine pellets (252 mg) into the uterus during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle once twice or three times at monthly intervals using a modified Copper T IUD inserter. Nurses have been and can be easily trained to insert quinacrine pellets safely. Side effects tend to be limited to headaches lower abdominal pain oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea fever and pruritus of the vulvar area. The serious complications that have occurred were far fewer than those associated with surgical sterilization. All these are transient and readily treated. A long-term follow-up of early cases in Chile finds no increased risk of cancer among acceptors of quinacrine sterilization. The 1-year pregnancy rate among acceptors of quinacrine sterilization is 3.1%. When improved insertion techniques and adjuvants (e.g. injection of 150 mg medroxyprogesterone) are used the failure rate approaches 1.5%. In Viet Nam and West Bengal India women accepted quinacrine sterilization at a greater rate than surgical sterilization. In fact families in India paid for quinacrine sterilization rather than accepting the financial incentives for surgical sterilization. For surgical sterilization the general maternal mortality rate is 0.08/1000 live births while no woman has died from quinacrine sterilization. Advantages of quinacrine sterilization include its ability to increase contraceptive prevalence and reduction of maternal mortality and morbidity. In conclusion quinacrine sterilization should be an option for well-informed women worldwide as an economical and safe permanent family planning method.
Formation of 2-hexenal by leaves

Abstract By means of GLC and by precipitation as the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone the amount of 2-hexenal formed from leaves of several plants when ground in two ways was determined. The effect on 2-hexenal formation of changing the pH of the solutions in which the grinding took place was investigated. The results obtained suggest that different enzymes or other catalysts are involved in the formation of 2-hexenal in leaves of different species. Results obtained with Ginkgo leaves indicate that 2-hexenal formation is not effected by a dehydrogenase since dehydrogenase inhibitors did not interfere with the formation of 2-hexenal in extracts of these leaves.
Lateral Microscopic Extension of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva

Abstract Purpose. The aim of this study was to measure the radial occult microscopic spread of tumor in patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. Materials and Methods. In the operating room the gross tumor border was marked. The pathologist took a radial section in each quadrant and measured the distance of occult lateral spread of the tumor. Results. From 7/01/93 to 6/30/96, 24 tumors from 21 patients were studied. The mean maximum tumor diameter was 3.2 cm (0.5–7.0) and the mean depth of invasion was 9.1 mm (1.1–28.0). The gross and microscopic extent correlated in 20 tumors. Maximum lateral microscopic extent of the other 4 tumors was 3.5, 5 (to the margin), 10, and 16 mm. These 4 tumors were ulcerative and infiltrative and arose from or involved mucosa. Conclusion. The gross and microscopic periphery of most invasive squamous vulvar cancers are approximately the same. Ulcerative tumors with an infiltrative pattern of invasion which involve mucosal epithelium may be more likely to extend beyond what is grossly apparent. Measurement of the tumor-free margin should be included in future studies.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe Hsp90/Git10 Is Required for Glucose/cAMP Signaling

The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe senses environmental glucose through a cAMP-signaling pathway. Elevated cAMP levels activate protein kinase A (PKA) to inhibit transcription of genes involved in sexual development and gluconeogenesis, including the fbp1+ gene, which encodes fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. Glucose-mediated activation of PKA requires the function of nine glucose-insensitive transcription (git) genes, encoding adenylate cyclase, the PKA catalytic subunit, and seven “upstream” proteins required for glucose-triggered adenylate cyclase activation. We describe the cloning and characterization of the git10+ gene, which is identical to swo1+ and encodes the S. pombe Hsp90 chaperone protein. Glucose repression of fbp1+ transcription is impaired by both git10− and swo1− mutant alleles of the hsp90+ gene, as well as by chemical inhibition of Hsp90 activity and temperature stress to wild-type cells. Unlike the swo1− mutant alleles, the git10-201 allele supports cell growth at 37°, while severely reducing glucose repression of an fbp1-lacZ reporter, suggesting a separation-of-function defect. Sequence analyses of three swo1− alleles and the one git10− allele indicate that swo1− mutations alter core functional domains of Hsp90, while the git10− mutation affects the Hsp90 central domain involved in client protein binding. These results suggest that Hsp90 plays a specific role in the S. pombe glucose/cAMP pathway.
Reclaiming the morbidity and mortality conference: between Codman and Kundera

In recent years, a number of commentators have voiced unease about the direction and format of the Morbidity and Mortality (M&M) conference. Drawing on historical, literary and philosophical perspectives, and detailing the recent shift towards incorporating systems-based approaches to healthcare safety into the M&M, this article explores the nature and purpose of the M&M conference. It is argued that improving future health outcomes is insufficient as the goal of the conference. Instead, transcending hubris should be an endorsed objective. This paper aims to provide a definition and philosophical framework for the M&M conference.
Renal Relevant Radiology: Introduction

Radiologic tests are an integral part of the work up and management of patients with kidney diseases. Unfortunately,mostnephrologistsarenotspecificallytrained inthebasisofthesetests.Thus,aclearunderstandingof the use, interpretation, and appropriateness of many radiologic tests may be lacking. Furthermore, it seems that clinicians and radiologists are becoming more isolated from each other, with less time being devoted to reviewing images together and more time being spent by clinicians simply reading radiology reports. This lack of communication is unfortunate for many reasons. First, in almost all cases, more information can be obtained from the radiologist in person rather than through a report. Second, the specific purpose of the examination may not be clear to the radiologist from the request and may be better clarified in person. Third, the appropriate test may not have been obtained.
A 1.16mW 69dB SNR (1.2MHz BW) continuous time £Δ ADC with immunity to clock jitter

A low-power jitter tolerant 2nd order active-passive continuous-time sigma-delta ADC in 65nm CMOS is presented. The use of just one active Gm-C integrator and a feed-forward path from the ADC's input to the Gm's output helps reduce power consumption. A FIR filter in the outermost feedback path reduces clock jitter impact. For a −2dBFS input, the ADC clocked at 300MHz achieves a 69dB SNR (10KHz – 1.2MHz BW) while consuming 1.16mW from a 1.4V supply.