cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hybrid procedures: adverse events and procedural characteristics--results of a multi-institutional registry.

Introduction. Procedural cooperation between cardiac surgeon and interventional cardiologist to facilitate interventions such as device delivery or angioplasty (hybrid procedure) has become increasingly common in the management of patients with congenital heart disease. Design. Data were prospectively collected using a multicenter registry (C3PO). Between February 2007 and December 2008, seven institutions submitted data regarding 7019 cardiac catheterization procedures. Procedural data and adverse events (AEs) of 128 hybrid procedures were evaluated. Results. There was significant variability in the number of hybrid procedures per center, ranging from one to 89 with a median of eight. A total of 60% of interventional (vs. strictly diagnostic) hybrid procedures were performed by one center. The median weight was 3.7 kg (0.7–86 kg). Single-ventricle circulation was present in 60% of the procedures. Hybrid procedures included: patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stent placement (n = 55), vascular rehabilitation (n = 25), ventricular septal defect (VSD) device closure (n = 7), valvotomy (n = 3), and diagnostic hybrid procedures (n = 38). Sixteen AEs occurred in 15/128 (12%) procedures. These included minor or trivial AEs (n = 9), moderate AEs (n = 5), major AEs (n = 1), and catastrophic AEs (n = 1). The type of AE documented included arrhythmias (n = 6), hypoxia or hypotension (n = 3), vessel or cardiac trauma (n = 2), and other events (n = 5). Of documented AEs, 9/16 (56%) were classified as not preventable, 6/16 (38%) as possibly preventable, and 1/16 (6%) as preventable. The incidence of AE related to PDA stent placement with surgical exposure (5/50, 10%) was significantly lower when compared with PDA stent placement performed percutaneously (4/5, 80%, P= .002). Conclusion. Hybrid procedures appear to have a low incidence of associated major AEs. PDA stent placement performed as a palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) or complex single/two ventricle patients may have a lower incidence of AEs if performed using a direct approach with surgical exposure rather than a percutaneous approach. Accurate definitions of these innovative procedures are required to facilitate prospective data collection.
Superposition: on Cavalieri’s practice of mathematics

Bonaventura Cavalieri has been the subject of numerous scholarly publications. Recent students of Cavalieri have placed his geometry of indivisibles in the context of early modern mathematics, emphasizing the role of new geometrical objects, such as, for example, linear and plane indivisibles. In this paper, I will complement this recent trend by focusing on how Cavalieri manipulates geometrical objects. In particular, I will investigate one fundamental activity, namely, superposition of geometrical objects. In Cavalieri’s practice, superposition is a means of both manipulating geometrical objects and drawing inferences. Finally, I will suggest that an integrated approach, namely, one which strives to understand both objects and activities, can illuminate the history of mathematics.
Serotonergic Responsivity and Behavioral Dimensions in Antisocial Personality Disorder with Substance Abuse

Abstract In order to assess the possibility of altered serotonergic responsivity in antisocial personality disorder with substance abuse (ASP), 15 men with ASP and 12 controls were challenged with the serotonin agonist, m- chlorophenylpiperazine (m- CPP ), and prolactin and cortisol responses were evaluated. Psychometric measures of hostility and aggression, impulsivity, cognitive tempo, and various aspects of sociopathy were also obtained. ASP subjects had a significantly reduced prolactin response to m- CPP compared with controls, and a significantly greater cortisol response. The prolactin responses showed a significant inverse correlation with measures of assaultive aggression, hypophoria (negative affects), and increased needs. There was no significant correlation found between cortisol responses and any of the psychometric measures. Impulsivity as characterized either by behavioral self-report or measurement of cognitive tempo did not correlate with either prolactin or cortisol responses. A discriminant function analysis depicted ASP subjects as displaying resentment towards others and having poor test-taking effici ency, heightened irritability, and diminished prolactin response to m- CPP . Using these four criteria, nearly 93% of subjects were successfully classified. These results suggest that altered serotonergic function is associated with assaultiveness and dysphoria but not impulsivity in individuals with ASP.
Preoperative localization of a testosterone-secreting ovarian tumor by retrograde venous catheterization and selective sampling.

Abstract A 20-year-old woman was evaluated to determine the cause of rapidly progressive virilism. Serum testosterone levels were markedly elevated ranging between 6,528 and 13,554 pg. per milliliter and showed no consistent response to either dexamethasone suppression or human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation. Serum androstenedione (1,013 pg. per milliliter) and dehydroepiandrosterone (4.10 ng. per milliliter) levels were normal. Retrograde venous catheterization and selective sampling of the adrenal and ovarian veins showed an enormous step-up of testosterone (293,333 pg. per milliliter) in the right ovarian vein. A hilus cell tumor of the right ovary was found at operation. Following oophorectomy there was a rapid and sustained fall of serum testosterone and a resolution of the patient's hirsutism and amenorrhea. This report demonstrates that retrograde catheterization and selective venous sampling can be effectively used preoperatively to localize androgen-secreting tumors.
Long-term Disease-free Survival After Hepatic Metastasectomy for Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder represents a significant health burden globally. Patients who present with or develop metastatic disease experience poor overall survival even with salvage chemotherapy. Metastasectomy has shown promise in prolonging survival and even cure in patients with pulmonary and lymph node metastasis. We describe the second patient in the available literature who underwent liver resection for a solitary liver metastasis after cystectomy with disease-free survival at 64 months and present a review of the existing literature describing metastasectomy.
Deconstructing Ecstasy: The Politics Of Mdma Research

What is Ecstasy? Defined by the New Webster's Dictionary as a state of intense overpowering emotion, a condition of exultation or mental rapture induced by beauty, music, artistic creation or the contemplation of the divine, ecstasy derives etymologically from the ancient Greek ekstasis, which means flight of the soul from the body. The anthropologist, Mircea Eliade, who explored the roots of religious experience in his book Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy, has described the function of this intense state of mind among aboriginal peoples. Select individuals are called to become shamans, a role specializing in inducing ecstatic states of trance where the soul is believed to leave the body and ascend to the sky or descend to the underworld. The shaman is thus considered a “technician of the sacred”, having been initiated through a process of isolation, ritual solitude, suffering and the imminence of death. Such initiation into the function of ecstatic states of consciousness, always accompanied by ...
ksRepo: a generalized platform for computational drug repositioning

Repositioning approved drug and small molecules in novel therapeutic areas is of key interest to the pharmaceutical industry. A number of promising computational techniques have been developed to aid in repositioning, however, the majority of available methodologies require highly specific data inputs that preclude the use of many datasets and databases. There is a clear unmet need for a generalized methodology that enables the integration of multiple types of both gene expression data and database schema. ksRepo eliminates the need for a single microarray platform as input and allows for the use of a variety of drug and chemical exposure databases. We tested ksRepo’s performance on a set of five prostate cancer datasets using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) as our database of gene-compound interactions. ksRepo successfully predicted significance for five frontline prostate cancer therapies, representing a significant enrichment from over 7000 CTD compounds, and achieved specificity similar to other repositioning methods. We present ksRepo, which enables investigators to use any data inputs for computational drug repositioning. ksRepo is implemented in a series of four functions in the R statistical environment under a BSD3 license. Source code is freely available at http://github.com/adam-sam-brown/ksRepo . A vignette is provided to aid users in performing ksRepo analysis.
Tobacco Smoke and the Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophage

The pulmonary alveolar macrophage (PAM) has been shown by numerous investigators to be responsible for maintaining sterility of the lower respiratory tract (4, 8). This key host defense cell must interact with and destroy invading microorganisms, as well as inactivate and remove various non-viable particulates to which the lung is exposed. Perhaps the most common particulate in this class is tobacco smoke, a complex chemical aerosol comprised of over 3,000 separate gaseous, liquid and solid components. The lung is the primary target organ affected by tobacco smoke and the first line of resistance to the inhaled smoking products is the alveolar macrophage. Failure on the part of this phagocyte to deal effectively with this environmental inhalant could conceivably lead to an increased susceptibility to microbial infection, as well as an altered pulmonary integrity. We have investigated, therefore, the effects of tobacco smoke on the structure, function, and metabolism of alveolar macrophages harvested by bronchopulmonary lavage from rats previously exposed to carefully quantified dosages of tobacco smoke for periods of 30–180 consecutive days.
Natural selection and mechanistic regularity

Abstract In this article, I address the question of whether natural selection operates regularly enough to qualify as a mechanism of the sort characterized by Machamer, Darden, and Craver (2000). Contrary to an influential critique by Skipper and Millstein (2005), I argue that natural selection can be seen to be regular enough to qualify as an MDC mechanism just fine—as long as we pay careful attention to some important distinctions regarding mechanistic regularity and abstraction. Specifically, I suggest that when we distinguish between process vs. product regularity, mechanism-internal vs. mechanism-external sources of irregularity, and abstract vs. concrete regularity, we can see that natural selection is only irregular in senses that are unthreatening to its status as an MDC mechanism.
IDENTIFICATION AND ADAPTIVE CONTROL FOR A CLASS OF HYSTERESIS OPERATORS

This paper introduces an adaptive control methodology for a class of hysteresis models employed for the representation of active materials. In previous studies by the researchers, a theoretical framework has been derived that establishes the well-posedness of a nonlinear identification formulation for characterizing a class of static hysteresis phenomena associated with active materials. Specifically, Preisach and generalized Preisach representations of hysteresis phenomena in a class of actuators associated with smart materials have been studied. Within this class of formulations, conditions have been derived that guarantee the convergence of Galerkin approximations for the Krasnosel'skii-Pokrovskii (KP) integral hysteresis operator. We derive adaptive control methodologies that are appropriate for a class of dynamic hysteresis phenomena associated with active materials.
Continued dialogue in building a culture of self-sufficiency

BACKGROUND: A group of individuals continued exploration of the concepts of community engagement, inclusion, supported employment and poverty. OBJECTIVE: The original conversation took place at the APSE 2014 National Conference. This current discussion was an open interactive dialogue in a network caf´ e style. CONCLUSION: Society continues to transform. Through an inclusive discussion of professionals working with the ID population, a great deal of information has been yielded about where this culture is with regards to self-sufficiency.
Study on Unbalance Protection Design of Shunt Capacitor Bank in 1000 kV System

Some new problems have appeared in the protection design of shunt capacitor installations because of their high voltage and large capacity in UHV system. In order to ensure the security of UHV system, it's essential to improve the protecting dependability of the shunt capacitor installation. At first, the setting principle of the unbalance protection of the shunt capacitor bank has been explained in this article. Then according to the protection principle, detailed analysis and calculation to the protection setting of the shunt capacitor bank in UHV demonstration project with EMTP, and the impact on the blast resistance performance of the wiring mode of capacitor shunt. In this article, the reasonable protection setting range and the relationship between the over-voltage of capacitor elements and unbalance protection current when capacitor faults have been worked out. The conclusion can be drawn that the protection sensitivity of double-bridge is much higher than the one of single-bridge, and it's reasonable that tripping when there are five capacitor elements broke down. All of these offer reference for the future design and calculation.
Why does somatic hypermutation by AID require transcription of its target genes

In this review, I discuss the currently available experimental evidence concerning the molecular interactions of the activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) with transcription of its target genes. The basic question that underlies the transcription relationship is how the process of somatic hypermutation of Ig genes can be restricted to their variable (V) regions. This hallmark of SHM assures that high affinity antibodies can be created while the biological functions of their constant (C) region are undisturbed. I present a revised model of AID function in somatic hypermutation (SHM): In a B cell that produces AID protein and undergoes mutation of the V regions of the expressed Ig heavy and light chain genes, only some of the transcription complexes initiating at the active V-region promoters are associated with AID. When AID travels with the elongating RNA polymerase (pol), it attracts proteins that cause the pausing/stalling of pol and termination of transcription, followed by termination of SHM. This differential AID loading model would allow the mutating B cell to continue producing full-length Ig proteins that are required to avoid apoptosis by permitting the cell to assemble functional B cell receptors.
NavCog: a navigational cognitive assistant for the blind

Turn-by-turn navigation is a useful paradigm for assisting people with visual impairments during mobility as it reduces the cognitive load of having to simultaneously sense, localize and plan. To realize such a system, it is necessary to be able to automatically localize the user with sufficient accuracy, provide timely and efficient instructions and have the ability to easily deploy the system to new spaces. We propose a smartphone-based system that provides turn-by-turn navigation assistance based on accurate real-time localization over large spaces. In addition to basic navigation capabilities, our system also informs the user about nearby points-of-interest (POI) and accessibility issues (e.g., stairs ahead). After deploying the system on a university campus across several indoor and outdoor areas, we evaluated it with six blind subjects and showed that our system is capable of guiding visually impaired users in complex and unfamiliar environments.
Ophthalmic effects of petroleum dispersant exposure on common murres (Uria aalge): An experimental study

The safety of chemical dispersants used during oil spill responses is largely unknown in birds. We captured common murres in Monterey Bay, CA and exposed them to Corexit EC9500a, crude oil, or a combination in artificial seawater. We performed ophthalmic examinations and measured intraocular pressures and tear production before and after exposure. Loglinear analysis found that exposure to oil or dispersant was related to the development of conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers. Odds ratios for birds exposed to oil or dispersant were positive and significant for the development of conjunctivitis, while odds ratios for the development of corneal ulcers were positive and significant only for birds exposed to a high concentration of oil. Ocular exposure to dispersants and petroleum in seabirds may cause conjunctivitis and may play a role in the development of corneal ulcers. These results have implications for policymakers who develop protocols for the use of dispersants during marine oil spills.
In vitro studies evaluating the effects of biofilms on wound-healing cells: a review.

Chronic wounds are characterized as wounds that have failed to proceed through the well-orchestrated healing process and have remained open for months to years. Open wounds are at risk for colonization by opportunistic pathogens. Bacteria that colonize the open wound bed form surface-attached, multicellular communities called biofilms, and chronic wound biofilms can contain a diverse microbiota. Investigators are just beginning to elucidate the role of biofilms in chronic wound pathogenesis, and have simplified the complex wound environment using in vitro models to obtain a fundamental understanding of the impact of biofilms on wound-healing cell types. The intent of this review is to describe current in vitro methodologies and their results. Investigations started with one host cell-type and single species biofilms and demonstrated that biofilms, or their secretions, had deleterious effects on wound-healing cells. More complex systems involved the use of multiple host cell/tissue types and single species biofilms. Using human skin-equivalent tissues, investigators demonstrated that a number of different species can grow on the tissue and elicit an inflammatory response from the tissue. A full understanding of how biofilms impact wound-healing cells and host tissues will have a profound effect on how chronic wounds are treated.
Overview of the Ferdina-like Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) including a new subfamily, three new genera and fourteen new species.

Recent assignment of some goniasterid-like Ophidiasteridae into the Goniasteridae has led to further re-evaluation of other ophidiasterids as possible goniasterids. This led to the discovery of new genera and species supported by a distinctive set of characteristics which support a new subfamily, the Ferdininae, a group originally outlined by Marsh and Price (1991) within the Goniasteridae. The historical Ophidiasteridae is paraphyletic and includes several nominal ophidiasterid genera (e.g., Fromia, Neoferdina, etc.). Newly described material has led to the inclusion of six genera,within this group, of which three, Bathyferdina n. gen. , Eosaster n. gen. , and Kanakaster n. gen. , are newly described. Fourteen new species in five genera are described. This includes Bathyferdina aireyae n. gen., n. sp., Eosaster nadiae n. gen., n. sp., Ferdina mena n. sp., Kanakaster balutensis n. gen., n. sp., Kanakaster convexus n. gen., n. sp., Kanakaster discus n. gen., n. sp., Kanakaster larae n. gen., n. sp., Kanakaster plinthinos n. gen., n. sp., Kanakaster solidus n. gen., n. sp. , Neoferdina annae n. sp., Neoferdina antigorum , n. sp., Neoferdina momo , n. sp., Neoferdina oni , n. sp., and Paraferdina plakos , n. sp. Identification keys, synopses, and description of these taxa are included.
Further Thoughts on Kerr’s “Folly” and Repeat Offenses: Where We Are, Have Been, and Are Going:

Steve Kerr’s seminal “Folly” article astutely noted that all too many organizations—and the individuals who populate them—invariably violate a fundamental law of social nature by rewarding the very behaviors that they are supposedly trying to discourage, while failing to reward the behaviors they desire to reinforce. But as Kerr notes in his interview, it is simply more than a faulty reward system that has allowed these malfunctions to continue. Building upon Kerr’s insights, we offer two proposed “Folly” updates regarding how we can create better functioning organizations. First, we discuss the provocative option that there are only two, not four, causes to the “Folly.” Second, we offer the context of character as one explanation (and possible solution) for the fact that even after more than 40 years too many organizations remain frequent repeat “Folly” offenders.
High-speed logic integrated circuits with solution-processed self-assembled carbon nanotubes

High-performance, CMOS-compatible ring-oscillators based on carbon nanotubes are fabricated by scalable and fully manufacturable processes. As conventional monolithic silicon technology struggles to meet the requirements for the 7-nm technology node, there has been tremendous progress in demonstrating the scalability of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors down to the size that satisfies the 3-nm node and beyond1,2. However, to date, circuits built with carbon nanotubes have overlooked key aspects of a practical logic technology and have stalled at simple functionality demonstrations. Here, we report high-performance complementary carbon nanotube ring oscillators using fully manufacturable processes, with a stage switching frequency of 2.82 GHz. The circuit was built on solution-processed, self-assembled carbon nanotube arrays with over 99.9% semiconducting purity, and the complementary feature was achieved by employing two different work function electrodes.
Shelf-life and processing yields of moisture-enhanced pork loins formulated with “gourmet” salts

Abstract Objectives were to determine the effects of an industry-typical (Control) and 3 “gourmet” (Grey sea, Pink rock, and unrefined Rock) salts on the processing yields and shelf-life of moisture-enhanced pork loins. Loins (n = 41) were injected with a brine formulated to deliver 0.32 g/100 g of salt in the final product. Twelve loins were selected from each treatment to be cut into chops to undergo 6 d of retail display. Control-injected loins had greater (P ≤ .01) brine uptake and retention than loins injected with Pink or Rock brines, with Grey-injected loins being intermediate. Control-injected loin chops had reduced (P ≤ .02) reflectance ratio compared with all other treatments and were redder (P ≤ .02) than Grey- and Pink-injected chops. At 3, 4, 5, and 6 d of display, control-injected loin chops had greater (P ≤ .05) hue angle than all other treatments. There was no difference in visual discoloration among salt treatments until 4 d, at which point loin chops injected with control brine were more (P
Future Aspects of Enzyme Replacement Therapy

At present, there are two indications for the use of pancreatic enzymes to treat patients with chronic pancreatitis: the treatment of malabsorption and the treatment of pain. Each treatment indication may require different enzyme formulations.
Spectacular Interventions of Second Life: Goon Culture, Griefing, and Disruption in Virtual Spaces

Employing game theory and cultural studies in order to make a much needed distinction between grief play (which is a type of game play) and griefing (as a disruptive cultural activity), I argue that griefers in Second Life, who engage in potentially subversive practices which residents recognize as characterizing the activities of subcultures, construct cultural formations, a term developed by Raymond Williams in his book The Sociology of Culture to describe groups that embody looser structures. Claiming that they are causing turmoil for the lulz (or laughs), they treat their activities as mere game play. However, underneath the rhetoric of game play based on targeting those who take the “Internet as serious business,” there exists a cultural phenomenon with serious effects. They not only jam the world’s signification system and subvert the bourgeois taste by spamming the environment with offensive objects (such as penises, swastikas, and communist symbols), but also attack the capitalistic ideology by crashing sims and significant media events, and regularly launching raids in-world which result in causing in-world businesses to lose money, thereby hurting the virtual economy at large.
The first peroxotitanoniobate cluster - [N(CH3)(4)](10)[Ti12Nb6O38(O-2(I))(6)]

The synthesis and structure of the first discrete peroxotitanoniobate cluster, [N(CH3)(4)](10)[Ti12Nb6O38(O-2(I))(6)], is described. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Managing Inventory for Fashion Products

With lifecycles becoming shorter and demand more uncertain in growing numbers of product categories, more and more companies, in industries as diverse as personal computers, toys, and even agricultural chemicals, are being forced to deal with stockouts and markdowns, problems usually associated with businesses like apparel and footwear. These changes have been attended by increased attention by managers in these industries to fill rates, inventory turns, and product obsolescence, topics studied extensively in management science models that traditionally have focused on fashion products.1
Mass spectrometric profiling of glucosamine, glucosamine polymers and their catecholamine adducts: Model reactions and cuticular hydrolysates of Toxorhynchites amboinensis (Culicidae) pupae

Abstract Glucosamine (Gln), glucosamine polymers, and their catecholamine adducts were characterized using positive ion electrospray mass spectrometry (ESMS) and tandem mass spectrometry (ESMS–MS). N -acetyldopamine (NADA), a catecholamine found in many insect cuticles, was oxidized using mushroom tyrosinase, and the resulting quinone derivatives were reacted with Gln, (Gln) 3 , and polymeric glucosamine (chitosan). Adducts of glucosamine and its trisaccharide with NADA were readily identified as [M+H] + ions in ESMS spectra, and ESMS–MS of selected ions confirmed the condensation of 1–3 NADA residues with Gln. In addition to Gln modification by the quinone derivatives of NADA, other spectra were consistent with the formation of adducts with N -acetylnoradrenaline and moieties formed by intramolecular cyclization following oxidation. The primary amine of glucosamine was involved in initial adduct formation, but the sites for subsequent additions of oxidized NADA to glucosamine, presumably via hydroxyl groups, could not be identified by ESMS alone. The ESMS spectra of chitosan films infused into the spectrometer following solubilization in acidic methanol/water produced spectra similar to that of (Gln) 3 up to m/z 502. Ions of gradually decreasing intensity consistent with (Gln) x , where x=4–8, were observed. Modification of chitosan films following incubation with NADA plus tyrosinase rendered the films insoluble in dilute acid, simulating the cross-linking process proposed to occur during insect cuticle sclerotization. Acid hydrolysates of the pupal stage of the mosquito Toxorhynchites amboinensis , using only two pupal exuviae for the hydrolyses, were infused into the mass spectrometer without preliminary chromatography. Eight amino acids, glucosamine, N -acetylglucosamine, catecholamines, and a variety of polymers incorporating these compound classes were identified.
Active Optical Modulation for Series-Connected Emitter Turn- Off Thyristors

Series connection of high-power thyristors is proposed in the literature for high-voltage applications. Due to the high d v /d t across series-connected thyristors during turn- off , charge equalization techniques have been pursued that increase the fall time to avoid overshoot voltage and device breakdown. Longer fall time for thyristors yields reduced switching frequency and increased losses. As such, a new method to control turn- off transition for the series connection of recently developed optical emitter turn- off (o-ETO) thyristor is outlined in this letter. The turn- off speed of series-connected o-ETOs and their voltage balance are controlled by modulating the optical intensity of the triggering (instead of the high-power) device of the o-ETO.
Neurocognitive Trajectory of Patients with Childhood Cerebral Adrenoleukodystrophy Who Received Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation at an Early Stage of Cerebral Disease

Abstract Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is an X-linked disorder of very long chain fatty acid metabolism which may manifest with adrenal gland and/or central nervous system disease. Thirty-five percent of affected boys develop cerebral involvement (cALD) during childhood. Characterized by progressive cerebral demyelination and resulting in devastating neurological and cognitive decline, cALD is usually fatal within years of clinically-evident disease. The only treatment known to enhance long-term survival and stabilize cerebral disease for boys with cALD is hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). It is well-established that the risk for negative long-term outcomes is significantly lower when HCT occurs at an earlier stage of cerebral white matter disease (ALD MRI severity score [Loes score] 4). This difference was particularly apparent on measures of nonverbal (visual) reasoning and processing speed. Furthermore, patients with more MRI-evident white matter disease at HCT showed more dramatic declines in neurocognitive test performance over time. In a subset of 20 patients who were followed for at least 4 years post-transplant, 15 patients (75%) demonstrated significant neurocognitive deficits (>1.5 SD below the mean) in at least one of the following domains: overall intellectual functioning (30%), attention (39%), verbal memory (33%), visual-motor integration (40%) and fine motor skills (58%). Results of this study provide evidence that within this patient group (boys undergoing HCT for cALD with Loes score Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Advances in Quantitative Earth Remote Sensing: Past, Present and Future

A combination of multispectral visible, infra-red and microwave sensors on the constellation of international Earth-observing satellites are providing unprecedented observations for all Earth domains over multiple decades (i.e., atmosphere, land, oceans and polar regions). This Special Issue of Sensors is dedicated to papers that describe such advances in the field of Earth remote sensing and their applications to advance understanding of Earth’s planetary system and applying the resulting knowledge and information to meet the societal needs during recent decades. The papers accepted and published in this issue convey the exciting scientific and technical challenges and opportunities for remote sensing of all domains of Earth system, including terrestrial, aquatic and coastal ecosystems; bathymetry of coasts and islands; oceans and lakes; measurement of soil moisture and land surface temperature that affects both water resources and food production; and advances in use of sun-induced fluorescence (SIF) in measuring and monitoring the contribution of terrestrial vegetation in the cycling of carbon in Earth’s system. Measurements of SIF, for example, has had a profound impact on the field of terrestrial ecosystems research and modelling. The Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) instrument on the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCVR) satellite located at the Sun–Earth Lagrange Point One, about 1.5 million miles away from Earth, is providing unique observations of the Earth’s full sun-lit disk from pole-to-pole and minute-by-minute, which overcomes a major limitation in temporal coverage of Earth by other polar-orbiting Earth-observing satellites. Active and passive microwave remote sensing instruments allow all-weather measurements and monitoring of clouds, weather phenomena, land-surface temperature and soil moisture by overcoming the presence of clouds that affect measurements by visible and infrared sensors. The use of powerful in-space lasers is allowing scientists and engineers to measure and monitor rapidly changing ice sheets in polar regions and mountain glaciers. These sensors and their measurements that are deployed on major space-based observatories and small- and micro-satellites, and the scientific knowledge they provide, are enhancing our understanding of planet Earth and development of Earth system models that are used increasingly to project future conditions due to Earth’s rapidly changing environmental conditions. Such knowledge and information are benefiting people, businesses and governments worldwide.
Overcoming Diffusion-Limited Trapping in Nanoaperture Tweezers Using Opto-Thermal-Induced Flow.

Nanoaperture-based plasmonic tweezers have shown tremendous potential in trapping, sensing, and spectroscopic analysis of nano-objects with single-molecule sensitivity. However, the trapping process is often diffusion-limited and therefore suffers from low-throughput. Here, we present bubble- and convection-assisted trapping techniques, which use opto-thermally generated Marangoni and Rayleigh-Benard convection flow to rapidly deliver particles from large distances to the nanoaperture instead of relying on normal diffusion, enabling a reduction of 1-2 orders of magnitude in particle-trapping time (i.e., time before a particle is trapped). At a concentration of 2 × 107 particles/mL, average particle-trapping times in bubble- and convection-assisted trapping were 7 and 18 s, respectively, compared with more than 300 s in the diffusion-limited trapping. Trapping of a single particle at an ultralow concentration of 2 × 106 particles/mL was achieved within 2-3 min, which would otherwise take several hours in the diffusion-limited trapping. With their quick delivery and local concentrating of analytes at the functional surfaces, our convection- and bubble-assisted trapping could lead to enhanced sensitivity and throughput of nanoaperture-based plasmonic sensors.
Development and use of an adjusted nurse staffing metric in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Objective To develop a nurse staffing prediction model and evaluate deviation from predicted nurse staffing as a contributor to patient outcomes. Data sources Secondary data collection conducted 2017-2018, using the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development and the California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative databases. We included 276 054 infants born 2008-2016 and cared for in 99 California neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Study design Repeated-measures observational study. We developed a nurse staffing prediction model using machine learning and hierarchical linear regression and then quantified deviation from predicted nurse staffing in relation to health care-associated infections, length of stay, and mortality using hierarchical logistic and linear regression. Data collection methods We linked NICU-level nurse staffing and organizational data to patient-level risk factors and outcomes using unique identifiers for NICUs and patients. Principal findings An 11-factor prediction model explained 35 percent of the nurse staffing variation among NICUs. Higher-than-predicted nurse staffing was associated with decreased risk-adjusted odds of health care-associated infection (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.63-0.98), but not with length of stay or mortality. Conclusions Organizational and patient factors explain much of the variation in nurse staffing. Higher-than-predicted nurse staffing was associated with fewer infections. Prospective studies are needed to determine causality and to quantify the impact of staffing reforms on health outcomes.
Maximizing the applied value of structural models of psychopathology: Introduction to a special issue of Personality and Mental Health

Structural models of mental illness delineate the major phenotypic dimensions of psychopathology. These evidence-based models, such as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology, are poised to supplement-and even supplant-categorical diagnostic systems in research, assessment and treatment arenas. This special issue of Personality and Mental Health explores a new wave of research into structural models' utility for theory testing and clinical practice. Can structural approaches advance etiological research by clarifying connections between psychopathology and social, cultural, psychological and biological vulnerability processes? Can dimensional models of mental illness assimilate consensus models of temperament and personality? Can this paradigm identify optimal treatment targets and guide treatment design and selection? The studies compiled here all look beyond nosology to understand how structural models are changing research and clinical landscapes in mental health disciplines. We envision this set of articles as a blueprint for further investigation into the configuration, research utility and clinical application of structural approaches to diagnostic classification. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Right frontal lobe intracranial brain abscess associated with rare cardiac venous developmental anomaly: Implication of cardiac venous anomalies with right-left shunt

Abstract We present the case of a woman initially found to have a brain abscess and subsequently found to have a rare developmental anomaly in the form of a duplicate superior vena cava with right-left shunt, as well as right upper and middle lobe partial anomalous pulmonary venous return draining into the right-sided superior vena cava. It is thought that this rare developmental anomaly predisposed this patient to develop this intracranial infection due to the opportunity for bacteria to bypass the pulmonary capillary system to reach the brain itself. The abscess was aspirated, and the patient was treated with antibiotics, eventually achieving recovery. This case emphasizes the importance of investigation into the etiology of an identified brain abscess as well as spotlights the need for continued research into patients with venous anomalies to determine potential ways to prevent intracranial infections.
Gene exchange networks define species-like units in marine prokaryotes

SUMMARY Although horizontal gene transfer is recognized as a major evolutionary process in Bacteria and Archaea, its general patterns remain elusive, due to difficulties tracking genes at relevant resolution and scale within complex microbiomes. To circumvent these challenges, we analyzed a randomized sample of >12,000 genomes of individual cells of Bacteria and Archaea in the tropical and subtropical ocean - a well-mixed, global environment. We found that marine microorganisms form gene exchange networks (GENs) within which transfers of both flexible and core genes are frequent, including the rRNA operon that is commonly used as a conservative taxonomic marker. The data revealed efficient gene exchange among genomes with
Producing the “Highway to Nowhere”: Social Understandings of Space in Baltimore, 1944-1974

The “highway to nowhere” is a 1.32 mile fragment of an arterial expressway located in Baltimore, Maryland. This segment was designed to contribute to a proposed limited access highway system that was never constructed after years of activism, debate, and lawsuits. This article examines the history of the construction of this highway segment to suggest that conflicts over the design, sitting, and construction of infrastructure are fundamentally struggles over the definition and production of space. This analysis utilizes Henri Lefebvre’s triad of spatial production as an analytical framework to identify distinct spatial forms that surface during the process of infrastructure building. Utilizing this analytical framework may enrich the STS-based infrastructure inquiries by bringing to the surface the multiple forms of spatial production that structure system-building activities. In conclusion, I suggest that utilizing Lefebvre’s triad within studies of infrastructure surfaces important, and potentially transformative, local claims to space. Such claims are of renewed importance as cities across the US confront the segregationist histories of the built environment.
Multiple Sinus Pauses in a Patient With COVID-19

Cardiovascular complications in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have been associated with poor prognosis Myocarditis, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, and arrhythmia have been reported We present a case of a 55-year-old female patient with no significant past medical history who was admitted due to COVID-19 induced acute hypoxemic respiratory failure She developed multiple asymptomatic episodes of long sinus pauses as her oxygen requirements increased These resolved without atropine and pacing as her respiratory status improved Hypoxemia, cytokine storm, dysautonomia, direct viral infiltration, and surrounding myocardial inflammation are thought to be responsible for bradyarrhythmias associated with COVID-19 Both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases have been reported Hospitalized COVID-19 patients should be monitored closely on telemetry in order to promptly recognize any arrhythmia;hence preventing an unexplained rapid decline in cardiopulmonary status by intensifying care and managing the arrhythmia in a timely manner Follow-up studies would be needed to determine the long-term outcomes of COVID-19 patients who developed bradyarrhythmias
Selective Display of a Chemoattractant Agonist on Cancer Cells Activates the Formyl Peptide Receptor 1 on Immune Cells

Current immunotherapeutics often work by directing components of the immune system to recognize biomarkers on the surface of cancer cells to generate an immune response. However, variable changes in biomarker distribution and expression can result in uneven patient response. The development of a more universal tumor-homing strategy has the potential to improve selectivity and extend therapy to cancers with decreased expression or absence of specific biomarkers. Here, we designed a bifunctional agent that exploits the inherent acidic microenvironment of most solid tumors to selectively graft the surface of cancer cells with a formyl peptide receptor ligand (FPRL). Our approach is based on the pH(Low) Insertion Peptide (pHLIP), a unique peptide that selectively targets tumors in vivo by anchoring onto cancer cells in a pHdependent manner. We establish that selectively remodeling cancer cells with a pHLIP-based FPRL activates formyl peptide receptors on recruited immune cells, potentially initiating an immune response towards tumors.
A new endoscopic staging system for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

Background Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is predominantly characterized by nasal telangiectases that cause severe epistaxis. Recently, the Epistaxis Severity Score (ESS) was developed and validated as a standardized measurement to evaluate epistaxis treatment efficacy. We propose a new endoscopic staging system to characterize nasal findings in HHT patients and correlate this to the ESS. Methods This is a prospective cohort study. A total of 33 individuals with HHT confirmed by Curacao criteria were recruited and evaluated by a single otolaryngologist between August 2010 and February 2013. Endoscopic parameters including patterns and sites of telangiectases and degree of nasal crusting were used to construct an endoscopy score for each subject. Multiple linear regression models were used to correlate this endoscopy score to the ESS. Results A total of 33 subjects completed the study. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age was 50.3 ± 13.2 years, and 20 (60.6%) were female. In the cohort, mean ± SD ESS was 4.05 ± 2.13 (range, 0.50 to 8.22). Most subjects (53.1%) had more than 4 nasal sites involved and (56.2%) had punctate telangiectases; 30.3% had mild crusting and 21.2% had moderate/severe crusting. These endoscopic findings were weighted by their correlation coefficients against epistaxis severity and normalized to create a new endoscopy score. After adjusting for confounding variables, the HHT Endoscopy Score (HES) was strongly associated with the ESS (r = 0.79, p < 0.001). Conclusion The HES correlates highly with patient-reported epistaxis severity and may provide a useful outcome measure in future studies.
Using operating system routines for control and I/O applications

In the present day industrial environment, microcomputers such as IBM PC or Apple Macintosh have become very handy tools and subsystems for control and automation. Most of the software routines are written in higher level and transportable languages such as C or Pascal. Most of these microcomputers are networked together and the intelligence is shared to perform several other tasks, including task distributions. Many times, data needs to be entered into host system and is to be examined. Similarly, many times data need to be displayed on to the terminal for examination and further action. These operations involve some of the built in input/output functions of host system under consideration. Fortunately, the operating system of the host computer contains some of the I/O routines written in assembly and optimized for performance. A knowledge about these routines and how to use them with other software modules will greatly help utilization of these computers as host systems. We present some of the most widely used I/O routines for the IBM PC family of computers and case studies involving these built in routines. We also present some of the applications involving these routines which will help in the industrial use of these systems as host computers. >
Introduction and History

The origin of anti-infective therapy in the Western hemisphere dates back to the use of cinchona bark to treat malaria by the indigenous peoples in South America. This discovery was taken to Europe in the seventeenth century. These observations were used to develop the drug quinine, which is still used in the treatment of malaria today. The Chinese have a 5,000 year history of using herbal remedies that may still lead to new anti-infective agents.
Location and Context-Based Microservices for Mobile and Internet of Things Workloads

Research institutes such as Gartner and Forrester claim that the future of mobile will focus around the user's context. Most of the future mobile applications will leverage user context to provide a richer user experience and deeper engagement, and consequently higher customer value. We present three cloud micro services that can substantially accelerate the development and evolvement of location and context-based applications. These include a contextual triggering micro service used to derive the user's context in the moment of interaction, and visualization and analytics micro services to distill business and operational insights from application data. These micro services are described alongside mobile and Internet of Things usage examples.