cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic regulation of X-linked cancer/germline antigen genes by DNMT1 and DNMT3b

We examined the function of two key DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzymes in epigenetic regulation of X-linked cancer/germline (CG-X) antigen genes in human cancer cells, using MAGE-A1, NY-ESO-1, and XAGE-1 as models. In HCT116 cells, genetic knockout of DNMT1 caused moderate activation of CG-X genes, DNMT3b knockout had a negligible effect, and double knockout of both enzymes caused robust gene induction. Similarly, dual DNMT knockout caused dramatic hypomethylation of the MAGE-A1 and NY-ESO-1 promoters, DNMT1 knockout showed moderate hypomethylation, and DNMT3b knockout elicited only slight methylation changes. In contrast, both single and double knockout cells showed significant hypomethylation of the XAGE-1 promoter. RNA interference (RNAi) targeting of DNMT1 in HCT116 cells validated the results seen using genetic knockout cells; however, RNAi targeting of DNMT1 in a different colorectal cancer cell line revealed a greater independent role for DNMT1 in mediating CG-X gene repression and promoter methylation in other cell types. Notably, the histone H3 modification pattern at CG-X promoters was altered following DNMT knockout. DNMT1 or DNMT3b knockout reduced dimethylated lysine-9 (diMe-H3K9) levels, but did not significantly affect dimethylated lysine-4 (diMe-H3K4) or acetylated lysine-9 (Ac-H3-K9) levels. In contrast, dual DNMT1/3b knockout reduced the level of diMe-H3K9 and dramatically increased the levels of diMe-H3K4 and Ac-H3K9 at CG-X gene loci. In summary, DNMT1 and DNMT3b were found to perform both redundant and independent functions in epigenetic regulation of CG-X antigen genes in human cancer cells.
L2 Word Recognition Research: A Critical Review.

The major purpose of this paper is to explore conceptual syntheses that advance second language (L2) word recognition research and, in so doing, uncover new agendas relating to cross-linguistic examinations of L2 processing. The paper first describes connections between word recognition and reading and the specific ways in which efficient word recognition contributes to comprehension performance. It then provides a brief overview of the connectionist construct and an expanded consideration of word recognition skills development from this vantage point. Further, it illustrates cross-linguistic variations in word recognition processes by comparing and contrasting response patterns among readers in different orthographic systems. Finally, the paper explores conceptual frameworks for L2 word recognition, through which ongoing L2 empirical studies are subsequently examined.
The corrosion of copper by chlorinated drinking waters

Abstract The study demonstrates that free chlorine is the agent chiefly responsible for the corrosion of copper in chlorinated domestic water supplies, and that dissolved oxygen plays a comparatively minor role. The impact of chlorine is enhanced at low pH values by the pH dependence of the HOCl electrode reactions, and because of the greater oxidizing strength of hypochlorous acid over that of hypochlorite ion. Adjustment of the water pH to about 7 or 8, after chlorination, markedly reduces the rate and extent of copper corrosion. If, in addition, free chlorine can be maintained no higher than about 2 mg l −1 only minor corrosion of copper will occur, and the service life of copper plumbing greatly extended.
Analysis of the effects of alloying elements on hydrogen solubility in liquid aluminum alloys

Abstract Reported values of hydrogen solubility in liquid Al-H and Al-H-X (where X = Cu, Si, Zn, Fe, Mg, Ti, or Li) alloys were critically reviewed and analyzed. Plots of log10 f H X vs. wt.%X revealed that isothermal hydrogen solubility in liquid Al-H-X alloys at 101.3 kPa hydrogen partial pressure decreases with increase in Cu, Si, Zn, and Fe levels, but increases with addition and rising levels of Mg, Li, and Ti. Within the reported temperature and composition ranges, all of the Al-H-X alloys examined in this study are endothermic occluders of hydrogen. That is, hydrogen solubility increases with increase in temperature. The interaction parameters obtained from this study along with those to be obtained from a similar analysis on hydrogen solubility in solid Al-H-X will be useful for an attempt to predict hydrogen solubilities in the more complex, but commercially important, multicomponent aluminum alloys. These values are critical to the understanding of the behavior of hydrogen in aluminum alloys, and to the preservation of the integrity of cast and fabricated aluminum products against the multifarious, and often detrimental, effects of hydrogen.
Phase II trial of amonafide for the treatment of advanced, hormonally refractory carcinoma of the prostate. A Southwest Oncology Group study.

CHIP, a second generation analogue of cisplatin, was subjected to a Phase II trial for the treatment of advanced, hormonally refractory carcinoma of the prostate. Forty-six patients were treated with CHIP 300 mg/m2 intravenously every 4 weeks. Evaluations for tumor response were done after three cycles of therapy. Among 40 evaluable patients there were no complete responses, but there were 6 partial responses for an overall response rate of 15% (95% confidence interval of 5.7 to 29.8%). The median time to response was 2.4 months and the median progression-free survival was 4.1 months. Median survival was 8.4 months. The most common toxicities were hematologic and gastrointestinal. While CHIP can be administered on an outpatient basis, its response rate for prostatic carcinoma appears to be similar to that of cisplatin.
Location Estimation Using Differential RSS with Spatially Correlated Shadowing

In this paper, we propose a new localization technique using differential received signal strength (DRSS) which does not require signal source cooperation for location estimation. Specifically, we introduce a DRSS-based localization framework as well as its geometric interpretation for both local and global positioning to facilitate understanding of the approach. Then, a least-squares (LS) optimization framework is formulated for DRSS-based location estimation (DRLE) which makes full use of the DRSS measurements available. Our study shows that the localization performance of DRLE and its RSS-based counterpart (RLE) is substantially affected by spatially correlated shadow fading under which their localization behaviors are found to be different. Finally, we argue that DRLE has practical advantages over other positioning techniques, and show that its location accuracy is comparable or even superior to RLE.
Localization and in vitro specificity of histone acetylation.

Abstract Histones of isolated calf thymus chromatin incubated in the presence of [ 14 C]acetyl-CoA are radioactively acetylated, at specific residues. Incubation of calf thymus chromatin with [ 14 C]acetate, however, gives no radioactive acetylation. The distribution of the radioactivity among the histone fractions corresponds well to that observed after incubation of calf thymus nuclei with [ 14 C]acetate. The most striking observation is the complete absence of acetylation of histone F1 in both experiments. The specific activity of histones acetylated in vitro is much greater than that of histones acetylated in calf thymus nuclei, most likely reflecting a smaller degree of dilution of the labelled acetate donor. Investigation of the specificity of acetylation of each histone fraction reveals that for each histone fraction, specific peptides are acetylated in vitro which correspond to the histone peptides acetylated in calf thymus nuclei. Histones F2a1 and F2a2, however, also demonstrate additional minor sites of acetylation in the in vitro studies.
Inducible Carboxypeptidase Activity: A Role in Clot Lysis In Vivo

Background An inducible carboxypeptidase activity in human plasma delays tissue-type plasminogen activator (TPA)–induced clot lysis in vitro. We investigated whether carboxypeptidase activity is induced in vivo during thrombosis and thrombolytic therapy in a canine model of myocardial infarction. Methods and Results By use of synthetic substrate assays, dog plasma was shown to contain an inducible carboxypeptidase activity that is efficiently inhibited by potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor. This inhibitor accelerates TPA-mediated clot lysis in vitro by an average of 27% (n=5, P=.046). Analysis of the inducible carboxypeptidase activity in plasma samples of dogs with electrically induced thrombosis of the circumflex coronary artery treated with TPA revealed that (1) inducible carboxypeptidase activity is increased during thrombosis (8.7±2.0 U/L, P<.013) and thrombolytic therapy (9.9±1.8 U/L, P<.024) compared with baseline (3.2±2.0 U/L); (2) thrombosis is a prerequisite of carboxypeptidase induction during a...
Electrical features of the Grand Coulee third power plant

The Grand Coulee third power plant is a major feature of the Columbia Basin Project, sponsored by the U.S. Department of the Interior's Bureau of Reclamation. The planning and design of the facilities in this challenging undertaking are currently under way. It is anticipated that a number of ``firsts'' and records will be achieved in its construction, and that it will ultimately be the largest power plant in the world. This article describes the status of the electrical designs for the proposed 7200-MW Grand Coulee third power plant.
The strategies to control prostate cancer by chemoprevention approaches

Prostate cancer (PCA) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in the United States with growing worldwide incidence. Despite intensive investment in improving early detection, PCA often escapes timely detection and mortality remains high; this malignancy being the second highest cancer-associated mortality in American men. Collectively, health care costs of PCA results in an immense financial burden that is only expected to grow. Additionally, even in cases of successful treatment, PCA is associated with long-term and pervasive effects on patients. A proactive alternative to treat PCA is to prevent its occurrence and progression prior to symptomatic malignancy. This may serve to address the issue of burgeoning healthcare costs and increasing number of sufferers. One potential regimen in service of this alternative is PCA chemoprevention. Here, chemical compounds with cancer preventive efficacy are identified on the basis of their potential in a host of categories: their historical medicinal use, correlation with reduced risk in population studies, non-toxicity, their unique chemical properties, or their role in biological systems. PCA chemopreventive agents are drawn from multiple broad classes of chemicals, themselves further subdivided based on source or potential effect, with most derived from natural products. Many such compounds have shown efficacy, varying from inhibiting deregulated PCA cell signaling, proliferation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, metastasis, tumor growth and angiogenesis and inducing apoptosis. Overall, these chemopreventive agents show great promise in PCA pre-clinical models, though additional work remains to be done in effectively translating these findings into clinical use.
Estimation of the co variances of the process noise and measurement noise for a linear discrete dynamic system

Abstract There have been many papers written about tuning Kaiman filters. Such tuning usually consists of adjustments to values used for the covariances of the model and observation noise. In this paper we described a procedure using the observations with a linear process model to develop estimates for the effective values of the covariance matrices of both the process noise (Q) and the measurement noise (R). These are needed for maximum likelihood state estimation in control and optimization. A horizon state estimator is derived that is linearly unbiased and has a constant state estimation error covariance. The process and measurement models are combined with the state estimates and a constant state estimation error covariance to generate cumulative error covariances that are also constant. A maximum likelihood function and a linear regression technique are then utilized to obtain the diagonal elements of covariance matrices of the process noise and the measurement noise. A simulation example for two chemcial reactors in series is presented.
Sessile foraminifera of the Hawaiian archipelago: a preliminary survey

Abstract As part of the Hawaiian Biological Survey, this study reports on the distribution of nine species of sessile foraminifera collected by dredge, grab, and scuba around the Hawaiian Archipelago. The distributional survey includes data from the frontslopes of coral reefs to depths of 600 m and extends from the island of Hawaii and north to Pearl and Hermes Atoll in the North West Hawaiian Island chain. Species reported for the first time from Hawaii include Calcituba polymorpha, Discanomalina semipunctata, Halyphysema tumanowiczii, agenina divaricans , and Sageninafrondescens . Other sessile forams collected were- Ammolagena clavata, Biarritzina proteiformis, Carpenteria monticularis , and Miniacina miniacea .
Glypican-3 (GPC3), a Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Associated with the Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Fetal Overgrowth Syndrome, Is Expressed by the Syncytiotrophoblast in the Human Placenta

Glypican-3 (GPC3), a Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Associated with the Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Fetal Overgrowth Syndrome, Is Expressed by the Syncytiotrophoblast in the Human Placenta
Human enamel-dental amalgam pin on disc wear.

Abstract Cyclic wear tests with human enamel pins on rotating amalgam discs at 9.8 MPa contacting stress were conducted with Sybraloy, Cupralloy, Aristalloy C. R., and Minimax amalgams. Surface profile tracings were made across the wear tracks, as well as SEM-EDS of the microstructure. Results indicate that Minimax exhibited the greatest wear depth for all amalgams but Sybraloy showed the greatest wear for the higher copper-containing amalgams. For all amalgams wear grooves appeared and were attributed to wear by shear. These grooves appeared more distinctly for Sybraloy, and this is thought to be due to a more efficient removal of wear debris from the contacting surfaces, leading to a lesser degree of surface smearing. Wear debris particles and smearing of this debris was attributed to wear by welding. For the higher copper-containing amalgams the gamma-1 phase is thought to be related to this adhensive welding because of its deterioration from the wear surfaces. For the conventional Minimax amalgam, the gamma-2 phase precedes the gamma-1 phase in being worn from the surface. Gross amalgam transfer in the form of silver and mercury to the enamel pin occurred. A hardened stainless steel pin, which did not wear, generated amalgam wear tracks of a similar appearance to that generated from enamel. This supports the wear by shear and by welding instead of a 3-body abrasive wear model based upon the wear particles from the enamel pin. No Ca or P was ever detected on the amalgam surfaces.
Effects of energy status and diet on Bdnf expression in the ventromedial hypothalamus of male and female rats

Sex differences exist in the regulation of energy homeostasis in response to calorie scarcity or excess. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the anorexigenic neuropeptides regulating energy homeostasis. Expression of Bdnf mRNA in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) is closely associated with energy and reproductive status. We hypothesized that Bdnf expression in the VMH was differentially regulated by altered energy balance in male and female rats. Using dietary intervention, including fasting-induced negative energy status and high-fat diet (HFD) feeding-induced positive energy status, along with low-fat diet (LFD) feeding and HFD pair-feeding (HFD-PF), effects of diets and changes in energy status on VMH Bdnf expression were compared between male and female rats. Fasted males but not females had lower VMH Bdnf expression than their fed counterparts following 24-hour fasting, suggesting that fasted males reduced Bdnf expression to drive hyperphagia and body weight gain. Male HFD obese and HFD-PF non-obese rats had similarly reduced expression of Bdnf compared with LFD males, indicating that dampened Bdnf expression was associated with feeding a diet high in fat instead of increased adiposity. Decreased BDNF signaling during HFD feeding would increase a drive to eat and may contribute to diet-induced obesity in males. In contrast, VMH Bdnf expression was stably maintained in females when energy homeostasis was disturbed. These results suggest sex-distinct regulation of central Bdnf expression by diet and energy status.
Response of Six Alfalfa Populations to Selection under Laboratory Conditions for Germination and Seedling Vigor at Low Temperatures

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seeded in early spring often germinates and emerges under cold temperatures. We conducted this study to determine if phenotypic recurrent selection improved germination time and seedling growth under cool temperatures in the laboratory. Four selection methods were conducted in the laboratory for two cycles within six commercial alfalfa cultivars: 5454, Alfagraze, Amerigraze 401+Z, Innovator +Z, Magnum IV, and WL252HQ ranging in fall dormancy class from two to four. Cycles 0, 1, and 2 were evaluated in controlled environmental chambers. Two cycles of selection for rapid germination at 5°C decreased germination time (GT) by 29%. Response to selection was greatest in the first cycle. Two cycles of selection for high seedling vigor increased seedling height (SH) after 45 d at 10°C by 15%. In some cultivars, selection for high seedling vigor was effective at increasing SH in the laboratory and further increases may be expected. Selection for high seedling vigor increased GT, indicating an association between these traits under laboratory conditions. The mean realized heritability estimates were 0.49 for GT and 0.18 for SH. Selection for both early germination and high seedling vigor resulted in an average decrease in GT of 29% with no effect on SH after two cycles, but combined selection against both traits increased GT by 162% and decreased SH by 18%. Laboratory selection for decreased GT and increased SH under low temperatures can be successful, but the amount of improvement is population dependant.
From maltreatment report to juvenile incarceration: the role of child welfare services.

Abstract Objective: This study examined whether children who received child welfare services (e.g., in-home or out-of-home placement) were more or less likely to become incarcerated as serious and violent youthful offenders than those children who were investigated as victims of abuse and neglect but received no further child welfare intervention. Method: Administrative data on child abuse reporting, foster care, birth records, and juvenile corrections (CYA) were linked to prospectively examine the risk of incarceration as an adolescent following an investigation of abuse or neglect after age 6. The 10 county California sample included 159,549 school-aged children reported for abuse and neglect after 1990. Results: About 8 per 1,000 children in the sample were later incarcerated in CYA. African American and Hispanic children who received in-home or foster care services after the index investigation event had a lower risk of incarceration than those whose cases were closed after the investigation. Among females, the rate of incarceration was highest for those who experienced foster or group care placements. Children initially reported for neglect were more likely to be incarcerated than those reported for physical or sexual abuse. Conclusions: Public child welfare services have rarely been assessed in terms of future negative child outcomes. This study finds that one serious negative outcome, CYA involvement, can only be understood when a number of factors are considered. The importance of understanding the differences between how different subpopulations respond to services is highlighted. Specifically, our findings suggest that more attention should be focused on children who are now receiving no services after an investigated child abuse and neglect report, on females, and on victims of child neglect.
Effect of angiotensin and norepinephrine on capillary pressure and filtration coefficient in isolated dog hindlimb

Abstract Using the isogravimetric technique quantitative measurements were made of changes in precapillary ( R A ) and postcapillary ( R V ) resistances, mean capillary pressure ( P C ), and filtration coefficients ( K f ) in isolated dog hindlimbs perfused under conditions of constant pressure or constant flow during intraarterial infusion of angiotensin and norepinephrine. For constant pressure perfusion both angiotensin and norepinephrine initially produced an increase in R A and R V while P C fell below control. Subsequently, R A decreased toward control, R v remained constant, and P C increased and stabilized at control value. For constant flow perfusion R A , R V , and P C increased and remained elevated during both angiotensin and norepinephrine infusion. Twenty minutes after onset of drug infusion, K f was above control for angiotensin but was not significantly different from control for norepinephrine. Since capillary permeability to protein was not altered by either agent, the increase in K f during angiotensin infusion presumably results from an increase in capillary surface area available to fluid movement, and suggests that during prolonged infusion of these agents (>20 min) the vasoconstriction thus produced may not compromise capillary blood flow to skeletal muscle.
Fuzzy Black'S Median Voter Theorem: Examining the structure of fuzzy rules and strict preference

Under certain aggregation rules, particular subsets of the voting population fully characterize the social preference relation, and the preferences of the remaining voters become irrelevant. In the traditional literature, these types of rules, i.e. voting and simple rules, have received considerable attention because they produce non-empty social maximal sets under single-peaked preference profiles but are particularly poorly behaved in multi-dimensional space. However, the effects of fuzzy preference relations on these types of rules is largely unexplored. This paper extends the analysis of voting and simple rules in the fuzzy framework. In doing so, we contribute to this literature by relaxing previous assumptions about strict preference and by illustrating that Black's Median Voter Theorem does not hold under all conceptualizations of the fuzzy maximal set.
Characterization of used nuclear fuel with multivariate analysis for process monitoring

Abstract This paper presents initial development of a reactor-type classifier that is used to select a reactor-specific partial least squares model to predict used nuclear fuel burnup. Nuclide activities for prototypic used fuel samples were generated in ORIGEN-ARP and used to investigate techniques to characterize used nuclear fuel in terms of reactor type (pressurized or boiling water reactor) and burnup. A variety of reactor type classification algorithms, including k-nearest neighbors, linear and quadratic discriminant analyses, and support vector machines, were evaluated to differentiate used fuel from pressurized and boiling water reactors. Then, reactor type-specific partial least squares models were developed to predict the burnup of the fuel. Using these reactor type-specific models instead of a model trained for all light water reactors improved the accuracy of burnup predictions. The developed classification and prediction models were combined and applied to a large dataset that included eight fuel assembly designs, two of which were not used in training the models, and spanned the range of the initial 235U enrichment, cooling time, and burnup values expected of future commercial used fuel for reprocessing. Error rates were consistent across the range of considered enrichment, cooling time, and burnup values. Average absolute relative errors in burnup predictions for validation data both within and outside the training space were 0.0574% and 0.0597%, respectively. The errors seen in this work are artificially low, because the models were trained, optimized, and tested on simulated, noise-free data. However, these results indicate that the developed models may generalize well to new data and that the proposed approach constitutes a viable first step in developing a fuel characterization algorithm based on gamma spectra.
Role of lysine methylation of NF-κB in differential gene regulation

Lysine methylation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) on K218 and K221 together or K37 alone strongly enhances gene expression in response to cytokines. We analyzed the effects of K-to-Q mutations in the REL homology domain of p65 on the response to IL-1β in 293 cells with low levels of p65. The K218/221Q mutation greatly reduced the expression of 39 of 82 genes, whereas the K37Q mutation reduced the expression of 23 different genes. Enhanced expression of the lysine demethylase FBXL11, which catalyzes the demethylation of K218 and K221 specifically, inhibited the expression of most of the genes that were inhibited by the DKQ mutation. CHIP-Seq analysis showed that the K218/221Q mutation greatly reduces the affinity of p65 for many promoters and that the K37Q mutation does not. Structural modeling showed that the newly introduced methyl groups of K218 and K221 interact directly with DNA to increase the affinity of p65 for specific κB sites. Thus, the K218/221Q and K37Q mutations have dramatically different effects because methylations of these residues affect different genes by distinct mechanisms.
Collapse of the state vector and psychokinetic effect

Eugene Wigner and others have speculated that the “collapse of the state vector” during an observation might be a physically real process so that some modification of current quantum theory would be required to describe the interaction with a conscious observer appropriately.
PCB congeners to monitor with caged juvenile fish in the upper Hudson river

A distinct pattern of consistently most abundant PCB congeners is identified in caged juvenile fish during a developmental monitoring study of bioaccumulation in the upper Hudson River, 1985. An identical qualitative congener pattern is recognized in juvenile fish after 28-d exposures in the late spring, summer and fall, even though each period is characterized by a different temperature and flow regime in the river. The same congener pattern is evident after only 3 d of exposure and persists until at least 42 d. Due to their physicochemical properties, biological half-life in fish and site-specific abundance in the upper Hudson River sediments, 1 tri-CB, 13 tetra-CBs and 3 penta-CBs (3,4,4′; 2,2′,3,4′; 2,2′,3,5′; 2,2′,4,4′; 2,2′,4,5; 2,2′,4,5′; 2,2′,5,5′; 2,3,3′,6; 2,3,4,5; 2,3′,4,4′; 2,3′,4′,5; 2,3′,5′,6; 2,4,4′,6; 2′,3,4,5; 2,2′,3,5,6; 2,2′,3,5′,6; and 2,2′,4,6,6′) are the congeners to monitor over the short term.
Authorities and Subject Matter Areas Emphasized in the Annual Review of Psychology, 1950–1974

The Annual Review of Psychology provides an important resource for the historian concerned with post-World War II American psychology. Published since 1950, the series offers summaries and evaluations by knowledgeable psychologists of developments within major areas of the discipline. The present study, based on author indices and tables of contents, indicates that the most frequently cited individuals were R. B. Cattell and British psychologist H. J. Eysenck, both prominent and prolific factor-analytic personality theorists and psychometricians; along with Hullian learning theorists; and a variety of individuals who made notable theoretical or empirical contributions, e.g., Harlow, J. J. Gibson, Festinger, Olds, Simon, Hebb, Rogers, and Skinner. Understandably, psychologists whose work was relevant for many years to a variety of consistently reviewed subject-matter areas tended to have the highest cumulative citation frequencies. Interestingly, the subject-matter area most extensively reviewed across the...
The stability of selected sulfide minerals in sulfuric acid and acidic thiocyanate solutions

Abstract The stability of pyrite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, covellite, bornite and enargite at pH 2 in the absence and presence of thiocyanate has been determined by linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometry under conditions pertaining to the thiocyanate leaching of gold (pH 2 and 602–702 mV vs. SHE). Electrochemical measurements indicated that the decomposition rate of all sulfide minerals increased with an increase in oxidation potential with pyrite and chalcopyrite being the least reactive and chalcocite and bornite being the most reactive of the examined sulfides. The oxidation rate of covellite and enargite was higher than that of pyrite and chalcopyrite but much lower than that of chalcocite and bornite. It was found that the variation of pH from pH 1 to pH 3 has minimal effect on the oxidation rate of pyrite and chalcopyrite. In the presence of 0.05 M thiocyanate at pH 2 and in the potential range of interest for gold leaching (602–702 mV vs. SHE), the effect of thiocyanate was not significant on the oxidation of selected sulfides.
Temporal organization of pattern structure.

Two pattern reproduction experiments examined the relations among the figural goodness of a pattern, the organization of two parts within the pattern, and the interpart interval (ISI), which ranged from 40 to 200 msec. If the parts contained connected line segments, performance was slightly better (3%-5% gain in accuracy) at a 40-msec ISI than at a 200-msec ISI. If the parts contained unconnected line segments, reproduction accuracy of the first part declined sharply between 40 and 200 msec. These results were interpreted by assuming that the parts were perceived as a single whole pattern at a 40-msec ISI but as two separate patterns at a 200-msec ISI. One surprising finding, the lack of an interaction between figural goodness and ISI, was explained in terms of a response bias in favor of figural good patterns. A secondary manipulation revealed that a part was more accurately reproduced in a good figure context than in a poor figure context but was most accurately reproduced when it appeared alone.
Design and demonstration of compact, wide bandwidth coupled-resonator filters on a siliconon- insulator platform.

We design and fabricate a compact third-order coupled-resonator filter on the silicon-on-insulator platform with focused application for on-chip optical interconnects. The filter shows a large flat bandwidth (3dB 3.3nm), large FSR (~18nm), more than 18dB out-of-band rejection at the drop port and more than 12 dB extinction at the through port, as well as a negligible drop loss (<0.5dB) within a footprint of 0.0004 mm2.
Anticipation of future identities: A control theory approach to identity development within the context of serious dating relationships

Control theory was used to investigate identity microprocesses (i.e., self-verification)within the context of serious dating relationships. Forty-two college women importance for, and certainty about, their future career identities served as targets in the study. The targets and their dating partners participated in a procedure in which the targets received career information that was contrary to their beliefs about their future identities. Results revealed that women who were highly certain about their future career identity, regardless of its importance level, engaged in more self-verification efforts than did women who were uncertain. A comparison of congruent (partner herself) and incongruent dating partners revealed that congruent partners were the most overt in their disagreement with the contrary information. Certainty and partner congruence predicted the target's self-rating change following the identity disruption. Partner congruence accounted for a substantial amount of variance in self-rating change, indicating that close relationships provide an influential context for identity development.
Recreational Boats and Turtles: Behavioral Mismatches Result in High Rates of Injury

Recreational boats are a dominant feature of estuarine waters in the United States. Boat strike injury and mortality may have a detrimental effect on populations of diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin), a keystone species in estuarine ecosystems. In Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, 11% of terrapins (n = 2,644) have scars consistent with injuries from boats. Conservative estimates of injury rates from boats increased from 2006 to 2011. When exposed to playback recordings of approaching boat engines of varying sizes and speeds in situ, terrapins did not significantly change their behavior in response to sounds of boat engines of different sizes. The lack of behavioral response of terrapins to boat sounds helps explain high rates of injury and mortality of terrapins and may threaten the viability of terrapin populations. Boater education courses that discuss impacts of boats to wildlife, combined with closure of areas of high terrapin densities to boating, are necessary to protect terrapins and other aquatic species from injury and mortality caused by motorized boats.
The Thermotoga maritima Phenotype Is Impacted by Syntrophic Interaction with Methanococcus jannaschii in Hyperthermophilic Coculture

Significant growth phase-dependent differences were noted in the transcriptome of the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima when it was cocultured with the hyperthermophilic archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii. For the mid-log-to-early-stationary-phase transition of a T. maritima monoculture, 24 genes (1.3% of the genome) were differentially expressed twofold or more. In contrast, methanogenic coculture gave rise to 292 genes differentially expressed in T. maritima at this level (15.5% of the genome) for the same growth phase transition. Interspecies H2 transfer resulted in three- to fivefold-higher T. maritima cell densities than in the monoculture, with concomitant formation of exopolysaccharide (EPS)-based cell aggregates. Differential expression of specific sigma factors and genes related to the ppGpp-dependent stringent response suggests involvement in the transition into stationary phase and aggregate formation. Cell aggregation was growth phase dependent, such that it was most prominent during mid-log phase and decayed as cells entered stationary phase. The reduction in cell aggregation was coincidental with down-regulation of genes encoding EPS-forming glycosyltranferases and up-regulation of genes encoding β-specific glycosyl hydrolases; the latter were presumably involved in hydrolysis of β-linked EPS to release cells from aggregates. Detachment of aggregates may facilitate colonization of new locations in natural environments where T. maritima coexists with other organisms. Taken together, these results demonstrate that syntrophic interactions can impact the transcriptome of heterotrophs in methanogenic coculture, and this factor should be considered in examining the microbial ecology in anaerobic environments.
Supporting Social Pretend Play in Young Children with Disabilities.

Participation in social pretend play has the potential to enhance young children's learning and their social relationships. However, children with disabilities may lack critical cognitive and social play skills for participation in pretend play with peers. In this article the features of social pretend play are described and cognitive and social play characteristics of young children with disabilities which may prevent or decrease their participation in social pretend play are identified. Approaches for supporting the social pretend play of children with mild to moderate developmental delays and disabilities are described. These include methods for assessing play skills, strategies for teaching cognitive and social play skills, the use of structured play groups, and providing related experiential activities and script training to increase children's shared understanding of play themes and roles.
Isolation and multiple output extensions of a new optimum topology switching DC-to-DC converter

The recently introduced new optimum topology dc-todc converter is extended in a simple and elegant manner to provide dc isolation and multiple outputs. In comparison with the sinle-transistor isolated forward and flyback converters operated under the same conditions, the single-transistor isolated new converter is shown to have equal or lower stress levels on the transistor, diode, and capacitor ripple current, and can utilize an isolation transformer with lower core and copper losses. Measurements of cross- and self-regulation properties of a two-output 45 W test converter are presented.
Bond selective infrared multiphoton excitation and dissociation of linear monodeuterated acetylene

Quantum mechanical simulations of vibrational excitation of monodeuterated linear acetylene (HCCD) with linearly polarized, frequency‐swept, intense but nonionizing infrared laser pulses are performed. The aim is selective dissociation of either H or D atoms by optimal shaping of the laser pulses. We use a discrete variable representation and a compact (<400 states) bright‐state expansion to represent the wave function during and after the pulse. Wave packet propagations in the bright‐state expansion are at least an order of magnitude faster than discrete variable representation wave packet propagations. This enables optimal‐control calculations to find the best parameters for the laser pulses. The dynamics of CH‐bond breaking with infrared pulses are very different from the dynamics of CD‐bond breaking. This is a direct consequence of CH being the highest‐frequency mode in the molecule. Selective CH‐bond breaking is possible with two synchronized pulses, the first being quasi‐resonant with the Δv=1 transitions in the CH stretch between v=0 and v=8, and the second being quasiresonant with Δv=2 transitions at higher v. H‐atom yields as high as 7.7%, with H to D yield ratio as high as 2.1, are demonstrated. Selective CD‐bond breaking is possible using a single, subpicosecond, frequency‐swept pulse. D‐atom yields as high as 3%, or D to H atom yield ratios as high as 3.9, are calculated.
The effects of dietary fat and cholesterol on the metabolism of plasma low density lipoprotein apoproteins in squirrel monkeys.

Abstract Low density lipoprotein apoproteins from squirrel monkeys ( Saimiri sciureus ) had characteristic 2-phase die-away curves in plasma. The kinetic constants were similar with three methods of labeling: in vitro with 125 I by the iodine monochloride or the Bolton-Hunter methods or in vivo by the injection of [ 3 H]-leucine into a donor animal. Dietary cholesterol and the type of dietary fat influenced the concentration of plasma cholesterol and low density lipoproteins. The fractional turnover of low density lipoprotein apoprotein was greater in monkeys fed semipurified diets with safflower oil than in those on butter but was not influenced by dietary cholesterol. The total low density lipoprotein apoprotein turnover (the product of fractional turnover and plasma lipoprotein concentration) was highest in monkeys fed butter plus added cholesterol and lowest in those on safflower oil without cholesterol. Dietary safflower oil resulted in a smaller proportion of the total low density lipoprotein pool in the intravascular compartment than did butter, regardless of whether cholesterol was added.
Granule cells in the rat olfactory tubercle accumulate 3H-γ-aminobutyric acid

The rat olfactory tubercle contains high concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its synthetic enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). We previously demonstrated that GABA and GAD are most concentrated in the polymorphic layer of the tubercle and relatively absent from the plexiform and pyramidal layers. Here we report that the granule cells (the islands of Calleja) in the polymorphic layer accumulate 3H-GABA. 3H-GABA (34.5 Ci/mmole; 1.5 microliter) was injected into the tubercle and an hour later the rat was perfused with a mixture of paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. The tissue was osmicated, dehydrated, and embedded in epon. Silver grains were sparse over the pyramidal and polymorphic cell bodies but numerous over the granule cell bodies in the islands of Calleja and dendrites in the surrounding neuropil. Grain densities for the granule cells were 41/100 micrometer3 compared to 4.2 for the pyramidal and polymorphic cells. Within the island, all the granule cells appeared to be labeled. These results, combined with previous demonstrations of the presence in this region of endogenous GABA and GAD, suggest that the granule neurons of the rat olfactory tubercle are GABA-ergic. These neurons also appear to receive dopamine input and therefore form part of a circuit that includes targets for both major and minor tranquilizers.
The interphase in unidirectional fiber-reinforced epoxies : effect on residual thermal stresses

Abstract The ‘interphase’, in a composite, is usually modeled as a homogeneous region, despite the fact that it may have spatial property variations. However, it is important to the understanding of composite behavior to incorporate a realistic interphasial region into the micro-mechanical analyses of composite systems. The authors have recently proposed a model for the interphase properties in fiber-reinforced thermosets; the Young's modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion of the interphase are assumed to vary as functions of distance from the fiber in this model. In the current study, the authors' model is utilized along with a concentric cylinder assemblage analysis for the determination of the residual thermal stresses in unidirectional fiber-reinforced epoxies. The governing field equations in terms of displacements are solved in ‘closed form’. It is found that, although the solution is ‘dilute’, the property variations in the interphase have a distinct effect on the residual thermal stresses.
Use of Thyrite in power transformers

ELECTROSTATIC SHIELDING has long been recognized as an effective means of controlling the impulse voltage distribution in transformer windings. Under certain conditions the same, or a better, result can be achieved by the use of Thyrite.∗ Developed as a material for lightning arresters, Thyrite is characterized by its nonlinear resistance; it passes a current proportional to a relatively high exponent of the applied voltage. Thyrite is a ceramic-bonded inorganic resistance material manufactured in the form of disks.
Continuous Endpoint Data Mining with ExSTraCS: A Supervised Learning Classifier System

ExSTraCS is a powerful Michigan-style learning classifier system (LCS) that was developed for classification, prediction, modeling, and knowledge discovery in complex and/or heterogeneous supervised learning problems with clean or noisy signals. To date, ExSTraCS has been limited to problems with discrete endpoints (i.e. classes). Many real world problems, however, involve endpoints with continuous values (e.g. function approximation, or quantitative trait analyses). In some problems the goal is to predict a specific continuous value with low error based on input values. In other problems it may be more informative to predict continuous intervals (i.e. predict that an endpoint falls within some range to define meaningful thresholds within the endpoint continuum). Thus far, there has not been a supervised learning LCS designed to handle continuous endpoints, nor one that incorporates interval predictions within rules. In this paper, we propose and evaluate (1) a supervised learning approach for solving continuous endpoint problems that connects input states to endpoint intervals within rules, (2) a novel prediction scheme that converts interval predictions into a specific continuous value prediction, and (3) an alternate approach to rule subsumption. Following simulation study analyses, we discuss the benefits and drawbacks of these implementations within ExSTraCS.
Immunohistochemical Markers for Prostatic Cancer

In a patient with an unclassifiable primary or metastatic neoplasm, with or without a history of prostatic cancer, immunostaining for PA or PSAP may prove invaluable. The procedure is simple, rapid, inexpensive, and extremely accurate in demonstrating the prostatic origin of tumors. It should be noted however, that the specificity of results is entirely dependent upon the specificity of the primary antibody, which should be meticulously defined before the procedure is used for diagnostic purposes.
Turbulence effects on evaporation rate-controlled spray combustor performance

Abstract We consider here the effects of gas-phase turbulence on the evaporation dynamics of a polydispersed dilute fuel spray in an adiabatic well-stirred reactor (WSR) supplied with hot compressed air. Turbulence increases the time-averaged rate of heat diffusion-controlled droplet evaporation but the augmentation factor is droplet size-dependent because of droplet inertia and evaporative drag reduction. Consequently, each droplet in a spray population will not be characterized by the same rate of area change even in the same time-averaged environment. When these physical phenomena are convoluted with the residence time distribution characterizing a WSR (simulating, say, the primary zone of an aircraft gas turbine combustor), we predict the resulting fraction evaporated, evaporation rate-controlled combustion “intensity”, and corresponding exit droplet size distributions (DSD).
An agent-based service-oriented approach for facility lifecycle information integration and decision supports

With the objective of providing the best decision support to facility management and maintenance, this paper presents an agent-based, serviced-oriented approach for integrating data, information, and knowledge captured and accumulated during the entire facility lifecycle from its project planning, design, construction, material / component / equipment procurement, to operations and maintenance. All data / information / knowledge sources and hardware / software applications are loosely integrated through agent-based web services, either proactive or reactive, to provide decision supports over all the stages of the facility lifecycle, and particularly to optimize facility operations and maintenance. Proof-of-concept prototypes have been implemented to validate the proposed approach.
Sentenced to Pretrial Detention: A Study of Bail Decisions and Outcomes

Previous research on bail practices has shown that both legal factors, such as offense severity and prior criminal record, and demographic factors such as race and age, exert a strong influence on bail decisions and outcomes. Using a novel application of Knowledge Discovery statistical methods, Bayesian probability analytics, this study utilized a sample of (n = 975) cases collected by New Jersey’s Criminal Disposition Commission, followed from arrest through disposition, to examine bail decisions made by judges and subsequent bail outcomes, i.e., whether defendant was able to meet financial bail requirements to secure release from jail. We found the following: Black and Hispanic defendants are more likely than their white counterparts to have to pay a financial bail requirement; modest differences between races with regards to bail amount set by the court; and that minority defendants, and especially Hispanic defendants, are at a disadvantage when it comes to being able to post bail and they are therefore much more likely than their white counterparts to be held in pretrial detention.