cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Redirection of metabolic flux for high levels of omega‐7 monounsaturated fatty acid accumulation in camelina seeds

Seed oils enriched in omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acids, including palmitoleic acid (16:1∆9) and cis-vaccenic acid (18:1∆11), have nutraceutical and industrial value for polyethylene production and biofuels. Existing oilseed crops accumulate only small amounts (<2%) of these novel fatty acids in their seed oils. We demonstrate a strategy for enhanced production of omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acids in camelina (Camelina sativa) and soybean (Glycine max) that is dependent on redirection of metabolic flux from the typical ∆9 desaturation of stearoyl (18:0)-acyl carrier protein (ACP) to ∆9 desaturation of palmitoyl (16:0)-acyl carrier protein (ACP) and coenzyme A (CoA). This was achieved by seed-specific co-expression of a mutant ∆9-acyl-ACP and an acyl-CoA desaturase with high specificity for 16:0-ACP and CoA substrates, respectively. This strategy was most effective in camelina where seed oils with ~17% omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acids were obtained. Further increases in omega-7 fatty acid accumulation to 60-65% of the total fatty acids in camelina seeds were achieved by inclusion of seed-specific suppression of 3-keto-acyl-ACP synthase II and the FatB 16:0-ACP thioesterase genes to increase substrate pool sizes of 16:0-ACP for the ∆9-acyl-ACP desaturase and by blocking C18 fatty acid elongation. Seeds from these lines also had total saturated fatty acids reduced to ~5% of the seed oil versus ~12% in seeds of nontransformed plants. Consistent with accumulation of triacylglycerol species with shorter fatty acid chain lengths and increased monounsaturation, seed oils from engineered lines had marked shifts in thermotropic properties that may be of value for biofuel applications.
Momentum Balance Diagnoses for the West Florida Shelf

The momentum balance over the West Florida Shelf is diagnosed using observations of currents, bottom pressures, temperatures, winds, and coastal sea levels, along with hydrographic data from 32 monthly cruises spanning summer 1998 to winter 2001. Over synoptic weather time scales, the depth-averaged across-shelf momentum balance on the inner shelf is essentially geostrophic with smaller contributions from the across-shelf wind stress and other terms. Coherence analyses show that 95% of the acceleration (Coriolis and local) variance may be accounted for by the pressure gradient and friction (surface and bottom) over the synoptic weather band. The balances are more complicated on the outer shelf where the Coriolis, across-shelf bottom pressure gradient and horizontal density gradient terms all have the same magnitude. Over synoptic and longer time scales, the depth-averaged along-shelf momentum balance on the inner shelf is mainly between the wind stress and bottom friction with smaller contributions from the pressure gradient, local acceleration and Coriolis terms. The along-shelf pressure gradient is mainly set up by the local along-shelf wind stress. These balances enable us to estimate the depth-averaged, along-shelf currents on the inner shelf from the winds and coastal sea level or from the winds and across-shelf bottom pressure gradient, or from both. The across-shelf sea level gradient may also be inferred from the wind and coastal sea level data. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ON THE EXISTENCE OF THE STATIONARY AND ERGODIC NEAR(p) MODEL

. The NEAR(2) model proposed by Lawrance and Lewis in 1985 is generalized to the NEAR(p) model. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of an ‘innovation’ sequence and a stationary ergodic process satisfying the NEAR(p) model is derived. It is shown that the ‘innovation’ sequence is distributed as a mixture of exponentials.
Venous Thrombosis: An Overview

Venous thromboembolic disease contributes to morbidity and mortality in certain groups of hospitalized patients, particularly those who have undergone surgery. Although principles of treatment have changed relatively little during the past 20 years, significant advances have been made in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Venography, once the only reliable diagnostic technique, has been largely replaced by noninvasive tests: impedance plethysmography, venous Doppler, 125I-radiofibrinogen-uptake test, and phleborheography. Virchow's triad of stasis, vessel injury, and hypercoagulability remains a valid explanation of the pathogenesis of thrombus formation, but laboratory and clinical data have refined our knowledge of how these factors interact to result in clinically significant disease. Knowledge of the natural history of venous thrombosis, plus heightened awareness of the long-term morbidity and expense associated with the postphlebitic syndrome, have led to increased interest in preventing DVT. Clinically and economically, venous thrombosis is best managed by prevention.
Investigation of redshift- and duration-dependent clustering of gamma-ray bursts

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are detectable out to very large distances and as such are potentially powerful cosmological probes. Historically, the angular distribution of GRBs provided important information about their origin and physical properties. As a general population, GRBs are distributed isotropically across the sky. However, there are published reports that once binned by duration or redshift, GRBs display significant clustering. We have studied the redshift- and duration-dependent clustering of GRBs using proximity measures and kernel density estimation. Utilizing bursts detected by Burst and Transient Source Experiment, Fermi/gamma-ray burst monitor, and Swift/Burst Alert Telescope, we found marginal evidence for clustering in very short duration GRBs lasting less than 100 ms. As a result, our analysis provides little evidence for significant redshift-dependent clustering of GRBs.
Valence Virtual Orbitals: An Unambiguous ab Initio Quantification of the LUMO Concept.

Many chemical concepts hinge on the notion of an orbital called the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, or LUMO. This hypothetical orbital and the much more concrete highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) constitute the two “frontier orbitals”, which rationalize a great deal of chemistry. A viable LUMO candidate should have a sensible energy value, a realistic shape with amplitude on those atoms where electron attachment or reduction or excitation processes occur, and often an antibonding correspondence to one of the highest occupied MOs. Unfortunately, today’s quantum chemistry calculations do not yield useful empty orbitals. Instead, the empty canonical orbitals form a large sea of orbitals, where the interesting valence antibonds are scrambled with the basis set’s polarization and diffuse augmentations. The LUMO is thus lost within a continuum associated with a detached electron, as well as many Rydberg excited states. A suitable alternative to the canonical orbitals is proposed, namely, the valenc...
Grain Boundaries in Yba2 Cu3O7-δ Thin Films

Grain boundaries in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ thin films deposited on (001)-MgO by pulsed laser ablation have been characterized using selected area diffraction. In addition to twin boundaries, the presence of both low-angle and high-angle grain boundaries were characteristic of the film's microstructure. The presence of certain grain boundaries may be responsible for the weak-link Josephson behavior observed in small constrictions formed in superconducting films on MgO.
Blood pressure and neuropsychological test performance in healthy postmenopausal women

Abstract Purpose To study the association between blood pressure and neuropsychological test performance in healthy postmenopausal women. Methods Data from 88 healthy postmenopausal women aged 46–73 years, who were not experiencing hot flashes, and who had participated in a prior drug trial, were analyzed to find whether baseline blood pressure was associated with impaired performance on neuropsychological testing done at 3 follow-up visits separated by 4 weeks. Factor analysis was used to reduce the dimensions of neuropsychological test performance. Mixed linear modeling was used to evaluate the association between baseline blood pressure and repeatedly measured neuropsychological test performance at follow-up in a complete case analysis (n = 53). In a sensitivity analysis (n = 88), multiple-imputation using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method was used to account for missing data (blood pressure results) for some visits. Results The variables recording neuropsychological test performance were reduced to two main factors (Factor 1 = selective attention; Factor 2 = complex processing). In the complete case analysis, the association between a 20-mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure and Factor 1 remained statistically significant after adjusting for potential confounders, before adjusting for systolic blood pressure (slope = 0.60; 95%CI = 0.04,1.16), and after adjusting for systolic blood pressure (slope = 0.76; 95%CI = 0.06, 1.47). The positive slopes indicated an increase in the time spent performing a given task (i.e., a decrease in neuropsychological test performance). No other significant associations were found between systolic blood pressure and either factor. The results did not materially change after applying the multiple-imputation method. Conclusions An increase in diastolic blood pressure was associated with a decrease in neuropsychological test performance among older healthy postmenopausal women experiencing hot flashes.
Clinical Instructors' Attitudes Toward Student Responsibility for Learning

The Learning Vector model was developed to guide clinical instruction and assist students in becoming self-directed learners. Using this model, clinical instructors gradually encourage students to accept more of the responsibility for their learning. This study was undertaken to assess clinical instructors' attitudes toward giving students more responsibility for learning. A questionnaire was distributed to 141 clinical instructors affiliated with six medical technology programs in North Carolina. Analysis of these instructors' responses to the questionnaire showed that they were uncertain about giving students responsibility for their learning. A second group of 24 clinical instructors who had registered for a continuing education workshop on clinical teaching scored significantly higher on the questionnaire and were more receptive to the underlying principle of the model.
Implementation of BP-Network Using Frequency Response Function as Networks Input Data

This paper deals with the structural health detection using measured frequency response functions (FRFs)as input data toa back propagation(BP)artificial neural networks(ANNs).In general,the difficulty of u- sing FRF data with ANNs is how to reduce the huge size of FRF data,because direct use of full-size FRF data will lead to the neural network having a large number of input nodes,which cause the problem of training convergence and computational efficiency.Only using partial FRF data,improper selection of data points from frequency windows may result in loss of important information.In order to circumvent the above difficulty,a simplified neural network is ap- plied and a Back-Propagation network program in FORTRAN language is presented,using a structure's frequency re- sponse function as the network input parameters.Every measured frequency response function has 8192 data points. The neural network has the 8192-8-4 structure,and the network training has a higher convergence speed.The net- work has successfully identified a structure's four kinds of mechanical states with errors under 10%.
Detection of marine toxins using reconstituted sodium channels.

Specific binding of the marine toxins saxitoxin, tetrodotoxin, and brevetoxin to the rat brain sodium channel is demonstrated using purified sodium channels reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles. Restoration of sodium channel function and binding activity by incorporation into phospholipid vesicles provides the only rigorous proof that the purified protein contains the neurotoxin receptor sites. In addition, reconstitution provides a valuable experimental preparation for biochemical analysis of neurotoxin binding sites and may facilitate the development of a specific toxin detection system
Women, Work and Agricultural Commercialisation in the Philippines

Several studies on the promotion of ‘non-traditional’ exports in LDCs have examined the deleterious consequences on the predominantly female workers in export-processing zones.2 There has been less systematic research, however, on the effects of agricultural-export expansion on women.3 This is despite the fact that the majority of women in developing countries live in rural areas where the push for export-oriented growth is taking place as well (Quisumbing, 1988; Heyzer, 1986). This paper attempts to fill this gap in the literature by examining how agricultural commercialisation, as a result of export cropping, has affected rural women — both as workers and as family members.
Attacking the Malnutrition Problem

Lurking behind this conference’s all encompassing theme of Food, Society, and Man is the stark reality of over 500 million human beings suffering from the erosive effects of malnutrition. It is our collective responsibility as concerned social scientists to explore means of alleviating the malnutrition problem. However, before examining solutions one should diagnose the causal factors underlying the problem.
Autologous Fat Transfer to Buttocks

This chapter describes in detail the surgical steps involved in performing the Brazilian butt lift or autologous fat transfer to the buttocks. Buttock augmentation has been gaining increasing popularity, particularly in certain ethnic groups (Semin Plast Surg 23(3):232–43, 2009). Buttock augmentation can be achieved with either implants or autologous fat. The advantage of autologous fat is that there is minimal risk of infection and no risks of implant malposition, rotation, or extrusion (Clin Plast Surg 33(3):449–66, 2006). Another advantage of autologous fat transfer is that fat is removed from less desirable areas such as the abdomen, flanks, back, and/or thighs (Surg Innov 21(3):327–36, 2014). There is risk of fat necrosis or fat absorption (failed take) (Plast Reconstr Surg 124(1):272–80, 2009). The key area to suction is the lumbosacral triangle (the “V” zone). This alone gives the visual illusion of a prominent buttock. This fat is harvested using standard tumescent liposuction techniques and then separated by gravity or centrifuge (Clin Plast Surg 33(3):449–66, 2006). This “pure fat” is devoid of oil, blood, and tumescent fluid. There are four basic buttock shapes: the “A” shape, “V” shape, “round” shape, and “square” shape (Clin Plast Surg 33(3):333–46, 2006). The “A” shape is considered the most attractive, and the goal of this surgery is to convert the other buttock shapes to an “A” shape.
Natural resources and education outcomes in the United States

Existing development literature has argued that natural-resource endowments “curse” economic prosperity by reducing expenditures on education. According to this theory, public and private agents lack sufficient foresight to make optimal economic decisions and become poor as a result. Using a panel of U.S. state-level data, this paper offers evidence to the contrary. Public spending on education in resource-rich states greatly exceeds that in resource-scarce ones, and private education services are imperfectly crowded out as a result. Analyzing a broader set of public education outcomes reveals that relative teacher salaries, public enrollment rates, and teacher–student ratios tend to move pro-cyclically with resource booms and busts. Weaker evidence is provided that graduation rates fall in response to resource booms, perhaps reflecting a rise in the opportunity cost of going to school for working-age students.
Improved estimation of the reverse-cyclic behavior of fully-grouted masonry shear walls with unbonded post-tensioning

The use of unbonded post-tensioning to develop fully-grouted masonry shear wall systems that can respond by rocking has recently gained significant momentum. The behavior of these walls has been routinely characterized using monotonic analysis with primary consideration to the rocking mechanism, concentrating the wall deformations at the base. However, experiments have indicated that these walls experience noticeable flexure and shear responses, in addition to rocking, which has been inadequately addressed by previous analysis methods. Moreover, when these walls are subjected to reverse-cyclic loads, their initial post-tensioning forces may reduce significantly due, in part, to masonry degradation at the wall base, producing responses that cannot be captured accurately using monotonic analysis. This paper presents an analysis method that can address these issues by accounting for the reverse-cyclic loading and the three mechanisms of rocking, flexure, and shear. Rocking is estimated using inelastic fiber-element sectional analysis at the wall base, while flexure and shear are modelled as elastic mechanisms, assuming they are small components of the total wall responses. The proposed method is evaluated using experiments and finite element analyses of fully-grouted masonry shear walls with unbonded post-tensioning. The method adequately captures the experimental force-displacement responses, hysteretic energy dissipation, and displacement component responses of the walls. Estimation of the post-tensioning forces experienced by the walls is significantly improved compared to monotonic analyses.
Creating an Acute Care Inventory

Acute care visits account for 354 million outpatient visits annually. While a robust acute care infrastructure exists in the US (i.e. emergency departments (ED), emergency medical services (EMS), urgent care centers, primary care offices, etc.), the system is difficult to navigate. Stakeholders including patients, providers, and payers struggle to understand what resources exist and where to go when urgent, episodic health services are required. We outline and describe how to build an acute care inventory.
Fiduciary Duties in Bankruptcy and Insolvency

Although discussed nowhere in the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, fiduciary duties play a central role in guiding the administration of an insolvent debtor's assets. This book chapter explores the fiduciary obligations of trustees (including DIPs) under both statute and common law, with a special focus on the intrinsic conflicts that arise within the "menagerie of heterogeneous creditors" that constitute the claimants of a bankruptcy estate.
Facile in-situ reduction: Crystal growth and magnetic studies of reduced vanadium (III/IV) silicates CaxLn1−xVSiO5 (Ln = Ce–Nd, Sm–Lu, Y)

Abstract A series of lanthanide containing mixed-valent vanadium (III/IV) silicates of the type CaxLn1−xVSiO5 (Ln = Ce–Nd, Sm–Lu, Y) was synthesized as high quality single crystals from a molten chloride eutectic flux, BaCl2/NaCl. Utilizing Ca metal as the reducing agent, an in-situ reduction of V5+ to V3+/4+ as well as of Ce4+ to Ce3+ was achieved. The structures of 14 reported isostructural compounds were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. They crystallize in the tilasite (CaMgAsO4F) structure type in the monoclinic space group C2/c. The extended structure contains 1D chains of VO6 octahedra that are connected to each other via SiO4 groups and (Ca/Ln)O7 polyhedra. The magnetic susceptibility and the field dependent magnetization data were measured for CaxLn1−xVSiO5 (Ln = Ce–Nd, Sm, Gd–Lu, Y), and support the existence of antiferromagnetic behavior at low temperatures.
Processor Revolution(s)

In conjunction with Chapter 1, the role of processors is placed in perspective for the social and service of modern machines for a greater array of services. The teraflops machines and supercomputers have only benefited a handful of scientists and researchers. Social machines and networks offer a greater benefit in serving public by far reaching global services such as averting disaster, sensing eminent dangers, and stopping thugs and Mafia to gain control of the social and national security of nations. In this chapter, the use of new machines is directed toward fulfilling human needs by processing knowledge to provide “satisficing” and rewarding psychological and emotional decisions. Such decisions from computer will reflect the individual human decisions from the past or the corporate decisions that reflect sound business policy. The main emphasis is on searching for optimal operations within groups of (verb) functions and optimal groups of subobjects or morphemes within (noun) objects.
The Ontogeny of Intermodal Relations: Vision and Touch in Infancy

The ontogeny of intermodal functioning and knowledge has long been considered by philosophers and psychologists. The question of the origin and development of cross-modal knowledge was raised in the seventeenth century, when Molyneux wrote his famous letter to Locke inquiring about the abilities of a blind man hypothetically restored to sight (cited in Gregory, 1966). The answer to this monumental query is still a matter for debate. How does the human organism arrive at the position where the perceptual systems are coordinated with each other so that, for example, stimulation to one modality gives rise to expectancies for stimulation to another? (McGurk, Turnure, & Creighton, 1977, p. 138)
Doubly robust estimators for the average treatment effect under positivity violations: introducing the $e$-score.

Estimation of causal parameters from observational data requires complete confounder adjustment, as well as positivity of the propensity score for each treatment arm. There is often a trade-off between these two assumptions: confounding bias may be reduced through adjustment for a large number of pre-treatment covariates, but positivity is less likely in analyses with irrelevant predictors of treatment such as instrumental variables. Under empirical positivity violations, propensity score weights are highly variable, and doubly robust estimators suffer from high variance and large finite sample bias. To solve this problem, we introduce the $e$-score, which is defined through a dimension reduction for the propensity score. This dimension reduction is based on a result known as collaborative double robustness, which roughly states that a propensity score conditioning only on the bias of the outcome regression estimator is sufficient to attain double robustness. We propose methods to construct doubly robust estimators based on the $e$-score, and discuss their properties such as consistency, efficiency, and asymptotic distribution. This allows the construction of asymptotically valid Wald-type confidence intervals and hypothesis tests. We present an illustrative application on estimating the effect of smoking on bone mineral content in adolescent girls well as a synthetic data simulation illustrating the bias and variance reduction and asymptotic normality achieved by our proposed estimators.
Right Retrosigmoid Approach for In Situ Occlusion of Brainstem Arteriovenous Malformation Surrounding the Trigeminal Nerve: 3-Dimensional Operative Video

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the trigeminal root entry zone are rare and can be associated with neurovascular compression syndromes as well as intracranial hemorrhage.1 They generally have a small nidus located on and around the pial surface of the brainstem; thus, they are feasible for surgery. Nevertheless, they represent a challenge given the vicinity and involvement of cranial nerves and brainstem perforators.2-4This video demonstrates the case of a 57-yr-old man with new onset of a severe headache without neurological deficit associated with MRI evidence of a vascular malformation around the cisternal right trigeminal nerve. The nerve showed an altered signal on the MRI. Angiography revealed a Spetzler-Martin grade II AVM with a 16-mm nidus supplied by basilar artery perforators, right anterior inferior cerebellar artery, and the superior cerebellar artery (SCA), with drainage into the superior petrosal vein and sigmoid sinus. After an unsuccessful attempted embolization, the patient was referred for and elected microsurgical treatment. With the patient in a lateral position, a right retrosigmoid approach was performed. After cisternal dissection and identification of the nidus, the feeders were occluded by alternating cauterization and clipping to avoid damage to the critical surrounding structures. The AVM in-situ occlusion was carried on without resection, given the involvement of the trigeminal nerve. The intraoperative indocyanine green angiography allowed recognition of the venous drainage and helped to localize and differentiate the feeders from normal perforators. In the immediate postoperative course, the patient suffered from mild numbness with a V2-V3 distribution that progressively improved. Angiography showed no residual AVM.
Intertidal exposure favors the soft-studded armor of adaptive mussel coatings

The mussel cuticle, a thin layer that shields byssal threads from environmental exposure, is a model among high-performance coatings for being both hard and hyper-extensible. However, despite avid interest in translating its features into an engineered material, the mechanisms underlying this performance are manifold and incompletely understood. To deepen our understanding of this biomaterial, we explore here the ultrastructural, scratch-resistant, and mechanical features at the submicrometer scale and relate our observations to individual cuticular components. These investigations show that cuticle nanomechanics are governed by granular microinclusions/nanoinclusions, which, contrary to previous interpretations, are three-fold softer than the surrounding matrix. This adaptation, which is found across several related mussel species, is linked to the level of hydration and presumed to maintain bulk performance during tidal exposures. Given the interest in implementing transfer of biological principles to modern materials, these findings may have noteworthy implications for the design of durable synthetic coatings.
A new hybrid deep signal processing approach for bearing fault diagnosis using vibration signals

Abstract Signal processing is an important task for machine fault diagnosis. Over the recent years, many deep learning based signal processing methods have been developed for bearing fault diagnosis. However, these methods are facing some major problems when they are applied to machine fault diagnosis. In this paper, a new hybrid deep signal processing method for bearing fault diagnosis is presented. The presented method incorporates vibration analysis techniques into deep learning to form a deep learning structure embedded with time synchronous resampling mechanism. Data collected from real bearing test rig are used to validate and demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented method.
High-skilled immigration and native task specialization in U.S. cities

Abstract This study examines the effect of high-skilled immigration on the occupational structure of native-born workers in U.S. cities. I find that increases in foreign college workers in STEM occupations, where they hold a comparative advantage over native-born workers, increase the specialization of college natives in social-intensive tasks. Consistent with the productivity effect of task specialization, I find no evidence of displacement effects but do find evidence of positive wage effects of foreign STEM flows on college natives, particularly for those in high-social occupations. Because migration flows are endogenous, I use a shift-share instrument to identify the effect of high-skilled immigration.
Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney

The primary aim in diagnosis and management of multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is preservation of contralateral renal function.
Closed-Loop Control of LCL-T Resonant DC-DC Converter Operating as Automotive LED Driver

This paper presents an automotive LED matrix driver with improved dynamic performance, based on an LCL-T resonant network and a π filter. This LED driver can efficiently deliver a constant current to an LED matrix string with a fast-changing number of LEDs. This is achieved by the inherent current source nature of the LCL-T resonant converter and a π filter with smaller filtering elements. High efficiency is achieved by maintaining zero-voltage and near zero-current switching of all transistors. The performance of this converter is further enhanced by closed loop control of the LED current. A 2-MHz prototype LCL-T resonant converter, designed to drive 1-15 series connected LEDs with a constant current of 0.5 A, is built and tested. The overshoots and undershoots in LED current during load transients are greatly reduced from 90% to 10%. This prototype achieves a peak efficiency of 94% and maintains an average efficiency of 91% over its 15:1 output voltage range (3.3 V to 49.5 V).
To Signal or Not To Signal: Exploiting Uncertain Real-Time Information in Signaling Games for Security and Sustainability.

Motivated by real-world deployment of drones for conservation, this paper advances the state-of-the-art in security games with signaling. The well-known defender-attacker security games framework can help in planning for such strategic deployments of sensors and human patrollers, and warning signals to ward off adversaries. However, we show that defenders can suffer significant losses when ignoring real-world uncertainties despite carefully planned security game strategies with signaling. In fact, defenders may perform worse than forgoing drones completely in this case. We address this shortcoming by proposing a novel game model that integrates signaling and sensor uncertainty; perhaps surprisingly, we show that defenders can still perform well via a signaling strategy that exploits uncertain real-time information. For example, even in the presence of uncertainty, the defender still has an informational advantage in knowing that she has or has not actually detected the attacker; and she can design a signaling scheme to “mislead” the attacker who is uncertain as to whether he has been detected. We provide theoretical results, a novel algorithm, scale-up techniques, and experimental results from simulation based on our ongoing deployment of a conservation drone system in South Africa.
Inhibition of TNFalpha-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression by amentoflavone through suppression of NF-kappaB activation in A549 cells.

Amentoflavone, a biflavonoid with antiinflammatory activity, downregulates COX-2 expression in TNFα-activated A549 cells with concomitant inhibition of NF-κB mediated signaling cascades. We demonstrate here that amentoflavone inhibits NF-κB/DNA binding activity potently along with inhibition of degradation of IκBα and NF-κB translocation into nucleus in TNFα-activated A549 cells. This flavonoid upregulates PPAR γ, a transcription factor involved in repressing many cytokine-induced gene expressions. Hence amentoflavone, a dietary constituent, may be of therapeutic value for several lung diseases where COX-2 plays an important role.
Demographic and Behavioral Risk Factors for Oral Cancer among Florida Residents.

Objectives: Almost 29,000 new cases and approximately 7,500 deaths are directly attributable to oral cancer in the United States. Understanding the impact of specific behavioral and demographic characteristics on oral cancer is crucial to being able to promote early diagnoses through oral cancer screening. This study hypothesized that selected factors would be predictive of the incidence of oral cancer in Florida’s population. Materials and Methods: Approximately 74,000 cases from the Florida Cancer Data System (FCDS) were included in the study. Demographic and risk factors evaluated included sex, age, marital status, ethnicity, race, primary insurance payer, birthplace, cigarette use, smokeless tobacco use, cancer behavior, and other tobacco use. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of 11 risk factors and oral cancer in Florida. Results: Males, Blacks, Hispanics, married individuals, and current smokers were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with oral cancer compared to their counterparts. Conclusion: Florida’s health providers need to be aware of the risk factors for oral cancer, look for early signs of oral cancer and recommend routine screenings in patients with history of known risk factors. Including additional reported elements such as human papillomavirus (HPV) history, sunlight exposure, vaping and use of e-cigarettes, and alcohol consumption (by amount) in the cancer registry would be greatly beneficial.
Effect of Postoperative Oral Antibiotics on Infections and Wound Healing Following Foot and Ankle Surgery.

Background:There is controversy regarding the effectiveness of postoperative antibiotics to prevent wound infection. Some surgeons still use a routine postoperative oral antibiotic regimen. The pur...
COVID-19 and Remote Learning: Experiences of Parents with Children during the Pandemic

In the spring of 2020, schools across the globe closed their doors to decrease the spread of the viral outbreak during the COVID -19 pandemic. This physical closure led to a rapid shift to remote learning which placed more responsibility for learning on parents and guardians. As one of the major stakeholders in the education process, experiences of parents with their children during remote learning are worth examining to inform future policy decision making. This study aimed to investigate parents’ experiences and struggles during school closure using an online survey. The results indicate parents agreed with the school closure policy and were generally satisfied with the level of support provided by school districts whilst describing some areas of struggle. Parents described having difficulties with balancing responsibilities, learner motivation, accessibility, and learning outcomes. The results of the study suggest some important implications and recommendations for educators and policymakers.
Wie wir uns bilden und ausbilden

Armut ist eine wichtige Determinante psychischer Gesundheit, und Armut ist eine Folge mangelnder Bildung. Wir glauben, dass intelligente, kognitiv leistungsfahige Menschen es zu groserem Erfolg, mehr Reichtum und einem hoheren soziookonomischen Status bringen. Auch darin druckt sich jedoch wieder unser biologistisch-deterministisches Weltbild aus, nach dem Menschen mit unterschiedlichen, genetisch festgelegten Fahigkeiten geboren werden, und entsprechend dieser Fahigkeiten erreichen sie unterschiedlichen Wohlstand, Reichtum und Status. Es geht jedoch auch umgekehrt: Armut beeinflusst sogar unsere kognitive Leistungsfahigkeit. Reduziert man Armut, nimmt die kognitive Leistung der Menschen zu, und damit auch die Moglichkeiten zur Gestaltung des eigenen Lebens. Es gibt keinen besser belegten Zusammenhang als den zwischen dem Risiko fur psychische Erkrankung einerseits und Armut und Mangel an Bildung andererseits. Bildung ist ein wichtiger Schlussel zu besserer Gesundheit.
Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures in Children and Adolescents

Though psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are seen commonly during evaluation of children and adolescents with epilepsy, the literature regarding developmental changes in PNES is limited. Literature search was conducted in PubMed. Key search terms included: Pseudoseizure* OR PNES OR [(non-epileptic or nonepileptic or psychogenic or non-epileptic attack disorder) AND (seizure*)], resulting in 3,236 articles. Filters included human, ages 1–18 years, English language and last 15 years (2004–2019), resulting in 533 articles. We reviewed 33 articles, which included 19 articles that involved children (1–18 years), with 10 or more children with PNES in their study group. 21 articles obtained in cross references that were outside the filter setting (including time frame and age range) were also reviewed, for a total of 54 articles. Majority of the studies were retrospective. We detail clinical features, predisposing factors and appropriate workup for children and adolescents with possible PNES. There is no consensus regarding frequency of psychiatric comorbidities in children with PNES. No controlled trials of treatment of PNES in children are available, but cognitive behavioral therapy is the consensus for adult PNES. Outcome appears to be better in children with PNES. There is a need for be long-term prospective studies to document various clinical features and outcome of pediatric and adolescent PNES, and also the comorbid conditions.
The Influence of Social Class on Family Participation in Children’s Education: A Case Study

Parental involvement in children’s education is commonly accepted as beneficial. However, family social class plays a crucial role in the efficacy of homework help. In a comparative case study, a low-income immigrant family from Mexico and a middle-income family in Los Angeles were observed helping their children with math homework and were asked questions about goals, tutoring strategies, and beliefs about learning. Qualitative analysis focused on two effective teaching methods: scaffolding and productive struggle. The low-income mother with little formal education provided direct help rather than a scaffold, and disapproved of hard problems. However, an older sibling with more education than her mother used scaffolding and believed that difficult problems aid learning. In these respects, she resembled the college-educated middle-income mother. The sister exemplifies how older siblings in immigrant families provide bridges to educational achievement for younger siblings. We suggest effective ways for schools to involve parents who lacked educational opportunity themselves to participate in the education of their children. How to cite this article: Vazquez, S. R., & Greenfield, P. M. (2021). The Influence of Social Class on Family Participation in Children’s Education: A Case Study. Revista Colombiana de Psicologia, 30(1), 133-147. https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v30n1.89185
Academic Library as a Means of Whole Person Development

Library is increasingly becoming a museum of printed books and academic journals in view of the fact that digitization has become a mantra. Whether library has lost its relevance for tech-savvy 21st century learners within technology-driven academia is being debated upon. There seems to be an endless battle of wits between print-favouring digital immigrants or outsiders who are accused of being technophobia and online-preferring digital natives who are equally accused of being techno mania. However, library as a metaphor always evokes ideas associated with reading and education. The article argues that education is a near impossibility without library with or without digitization. Digitization is only an additional optional flavour customised according to the requirements of different stakeholders of higher education for whole person development.
Role of diet in the development and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia

Abstract Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is common among older men. The androgen pathway is implicated in its development, which involves increased stromal growth in the periurethral areas of the prostate. Modifiable risk factors for BPH include obesity and diet, and nonmodifiable risk factors include age and family history. It appears as though a diet rich in vegetables, plant-based proteins, and fiber and low in starches, such as bread, pasta, and rice, lowers the risk of BPH. To a lesser extent, a diet low in fat and increased intake of zinc, flaxseed, and fluted pumpkin seeds appear to reduce the risk as well. Low-fat and high-fiber diets as well as an increased intake of zinc, flaxseed, and fluted pumpkin seeds may halt the progression of and potentially reverse BPH. Overall, the dietary and physical activity patterns that prevent and reduce features of metabolic syndrome are associated with a decreased risk of BPH.
Saint-Venant's principle in linear isotropic elasticity for incompressible or nearly incompressible materials

One of the unresolved issues on Saint-Venant's principle concerns the energy decay estimates established in the literature for the traction boundary-value problem of three-dimensional linear isotropic elastostatics for a cylinder. For the semi-infinite cylinder with traction-free lateral surface and self-equilibrated loads at the near end, it has been shown that the stresses decay exponentially from the end and results were obtained for the estimated decay rate, which is a lower bound for the exact decay rate. These results are, however, generally conservative in that they underestimate the exact decay rate. Another shortcoming, which motivated the present investigation, is that the estimated decay rates tend to zero as the Poisson's ratio ν tends to the value 1/2. Thus for the limiting case of an incompressible material, these methods fail to establish exponential decay. The purpose of the present paper is to remedy this defect. In particular, an exponential decay estimate is established with estimated decay rate independent of Poisson's ratio. Thus, in particular, the results here hold in the incompressible limit as ν → 1/2. An alternative treatment directly for the incompressible case has been given recently. It should be noted that the stresses in the three-dimensional traction boundary-value problem do depend on Poisson's ratio ν and that stress decay estimates for the cylinder problem with estimated decay rates dependent on ν are, in fact, to be expected. However, in the absence of such results that do not deteriorate as ν → 1/2, we obtain here an estimated decay rate that is independent of ν.
The effect of periodic mixing on the preservation of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) levels in stored blood.

Blood from six donors was stored in two experimental blood preservatives, CPD-adenine-sodium ascorbate and bicarbonate-adenine-glucose-phosphate-mannitol. Control aliquots were stored in CPD-adenine and ACD-adenine preservatives. Half of each donor’s blood was stored without mixing and half was mixed vigororously 5 days each week. Glucose, ATP, and 2,3-DPG levels were measured at various times during storage in both the mixed and unmixed bags. Mixed bags maintained higher levels of glucose, ATP, and 2,3-DPG throughout storage. Frequent mixing was shown to be essential for the maintenance of 2,3-DPG with these preservatives.
Semantic Considerations in the Actor Paradigm of Concurrent Computation

This paper discusses the theory of concurrent processing in the context of the actor paradigm. The basic precepts of the actor paradigm are explained. We develop a new formalism to describe the behavior of actors and the evolution of systems of actors. It is hoped that the structure of concurrent computation and the intuitions behind the actor paradigm will be better understood in terms of this model. In particular, we define certain relations between the configurations an actor system may be in and explain how the behavior of actor systems can be understood in terms of these relations. We also define an actor-based language, called Sal, which has a simple syntax but nevertheless embodies the concepts involved.
Becoming Bombs: 3D Animated Satellite Imagery and the Weaponization of the Civic Eye

This essay traces the recent history of 3D satellite animation from its military origins to its visibility in the civic sphere. Specifically, technologies unveiled in 2004 as Google Earth first received widespread public visibility in the television coverage of the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq. The essay first maps the political economy of the “military-media-geotech” complex, focusing mainly on the coverage of the Iraq War as an nexus of interests. Second, the essay analyzes the aesthetic uses of 3D satellite animation on the news during this period, including how these imaging practices meshed with existing discourses such as the clean war, the weaponization of the civic gaze, and others. The essay concludes with thoughts regarding what these practices mean for the efficacy of the deliberative citizen, public life, and the meaning of war.
Values (Shalom H. Schwartz) – Universalism

One final value, according to Schwartz, is universalism. Keywords: Shalom H. Schwartz; self and identity
An overview and discussion of basic methodology for fatigue

This paper broadly reviews the stress-based, strain-based, and crack growth approaches to fatigue life prediction, and it attempts to suggest some choices and variations of these that might enhance their inclusion in undergraduate education and their more routine use by practicing engineers. For the stress-based approach, emphasis should shift toward the use of data on actual components, and it should be recognized that damage below the usual fatigue limit may occur. Also, evaluation of mean stress effects by the modified Goodman diagram should be replaced by other methods. The usefulness of the strain-based approach for simple situations may be extended by adding empirical adjustments for surface finish and size. It may also be desirable to lower the long-life end of the strain-life curve to obtain agreement with limited component test data, producing a component-specific strain-life curve. Use of the crack growth approach is hampered by the lack of a widely accepted set of materials constants for describing da/dN versus ΔK curves. It is recommended that this situation be remedied by representing the intermediate growth rate region with a Paris-type exponent, an associated coefficient, and a third constant that characterizes the sensitivity to R-ratio according to the equation of Walker. Limits or asymptotic behavior for the low and high growth rate regions should then be handled separately.
Comparing Notes: Collaborative Networks, Breeding Environments, and Organized Crime

Collaborative network theory can be useful in refining current understanding of criminal networks and aid in understanding their evolution. Drug trafficking organizations that operate in the region directly north of Colombia’s Valle del Cauca department and the “collection agencies” that operate in the Colombian city of Cali have abandoned hierarchical organizational structures and have become networked-based entities. Through the exposition of Camarinha-Matos and Afsarmanesh’s business networking ideas, this chapter examines the similarities and differences between the application of collaborative networks in licit enterprises, such as small and medium enterprises in Europe, and how the networks might be used by illicit criminal enterprises in Colombia.
Case Study Research in Education : A Qualitative Approach

Part 1 Foundations of qualitative case study research: the case study approach to research problems types and uses of case study research in education defining a research problem and selecting a case handling theory and literature reviews in case study research. Part 2 mastering qualitative data collection methods: conducting effective interviews being a careful observer mining data from documents. Part 3 Analyzing and reporting case study data: the components of data analysis using special techniques and computers to analyze qualitative data dealing with validity, reliability, and ethics in case study research writing the case study report.
Acetaminophen concentrations prior to 4 hours of ingestion: Impact on diagnostic decision-making and treatment

AbstractBackground. Consensus recommendations for acute acetaminophen exposure include plotting an acetaminophen concentration at ≥ 4 h post ingestion on the Rumack–Matthew nomogram to determine the need for acetylcysteine treatment. We studied the frequency of acetaminophen concentrations drawn within 4 h post ingestion and whether the Rumack–Matthew nomogram was properly used in making acetylcysteine treatment decisions. Methods. This was a retrospective, observational case series at three regional poison centers of acute acetaminophen exposures between 1/1/13 and 12/31/13. Cases were analyzed for demographics, timing of acetaminophen concentrations, and application of the Rumack–Matthew nomogram in acetylcysteine initiation or termination. Results. 1,123 cases of acute acetaminophen exposure were reviewed. Of 520 acute acetaminophen exposure cases presenting < 4 h post ingestion, 323 (62%) had a pre-4-hour acetaminophen concentration measured and 197 (38%) did not. Those with a known pre-4-hour acetami...