cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spin-Twisted Optical Lattices: Tunable Flat Bands and Larkin-Ovchinnikov Superfluids.

Moir\'e superlattices in twisted bilayer graphene and transition-metal dichalcogenides have emerged as a powerful tool for engineering novel band structures and quantum phases of two-dimensional quantum materials. Here we investigate Moir\'e physics emerging from twisting two independent hexagonal optical lattices of atomic (pseudo-)spin states (instead of bilayers) that exhibit remarkably different physics from twisted bilayer graphene. We employ a momentum-space tight-binding calculation that includes all range real-space tunnelings and show that all twist angles $\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\lesssim}6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ can become magic and support gapped flat bands. Because of the greatly enhanced density of states near the flat bands, the system can be driven to superfluidity by weak attractive interaction. Strikingly, the superfluid phase corresponds to a Larkin-Ovchinnikov state with finite momentum pairing that results from the interplay between flat bands and interspin interactions in the unique single-layer spin-twisted lattice. Our work may pave the way for exploring novel quantum phases and twistronics in cold atomic systems.
Acute abdomen caused by a large solitary jejunal diverticulum that induced a midgut volvulus. Report of a case.

Abstract Background Jejunal diverticula are a rare subtype of false diverticula found in the gastrointestinal tract. When present, they are usually multiple, in the proximal jejunum and asymptomatic. Rarely, they can cause acute complications that can develop into an acute abdomen requiring surgical intervention. We present the rare manifestation of a single jejunal diverticulum causing midgut volvulus and bowel ischemia. Early surgical intervention with small bowel derotation allowed complete recovery. Methods Data regarding the case, operative intervention, and patient follow-up was prospectively accumulated with permission of the patient at an academic institution. All patient identifiers were removed. All research steps were performed under guidance outlined in the SCARE criteria. Results We present the case of a 78-year-old man who presented to our institution with an acute abdomen. CT imaging demonstrated a whirlpool sign without an obvious lead point. The patient was without prior surgical intervention. Urgent exploratory laparotomy revealed a midgut volvulus with associated bowel ischemia and impending infarction secondary to adhesive disease from a large single jejunal diverticulum. Derotation resulted in gradual recovery of bowel vascularity. Resection of the portion of the jejunum containing the diverticulum resulted in full clinical recovery of the patient. Conclusions Complications of jejunal diverticula, although rare, should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis of an acute abdomen of unknown etiology. Urgent surgical intervention was required to avoid a potential catastrophic outcome.
Surgical Management of Cesarean Scar Ectopic with Fertility Preservation

Study Objective To highlight retroperitoneal anatomy and show surgical techniques to minimize blood loss during cesarean scar ectopic resection. Design A step-by-step explanation of the surgery using video (instructive video). Setting University Hospital. Patient was in dorsal lithotomy position. Patients or Participants A 33 year-old woman G4P1 with a cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy at 10weeks gestation that failed methotrexate injection. Interventions This video highlights entry into the retroperitoneal space and dissection technique for identifying the uterine arteries at their origins. Bulldog clamps are placed on all vascular pedicles that supply the uterus (bilateral uterine arteries and bilateral infundibulopelvic ligaments) to aid with hemostasis. Additionally, Vasopressin is used to further reduce blood loss. Applying these techniques allowed for successful resection of the ectopic pregnancy with only 50 cc of estimated blood loss. Control of bleeding resulted in thorough resection of the ectopic pregnancy while conserving as much surrounding myometrium as possible. The uterine defect is repaired in three layers. Measurements and Main Results Operative time was 199 minutes, with an estimated blood loss of 50ml. Surgical resection of the ectopic pregnancy allowed the patient to preserve her fertility. Subsequently, the patient had an uncomplicated pregnancy which resulted in a live birth. Conclusion Knowledge of the avascular spaces and dissection techniques that allow for access to the origin of the uterine artery can be very useful in complex cases. Bulldog clamps can be used for transient occlusion of blood supply to the uterus resulting in resection of a cesarean scar ectopic with minimal blood loss. This is an option for patients who desire future fertility.
Mechanical Reshaping of Inorganic Nanostructures with Weak Nanoscale Forces

Inorganic nanomaterials are often depicted as rigid structures whose shape is permanent. However, forces that are ordinarily considered weak can exert sufficient stress at the nanoscale to drive mechanical deformation. Here, we leverage van der Waals (VdW) interactions to mechanically reshape inorganic nanostructures from planar to curvilinear. Modified plate deformation theory shows that high-aspect-ratio two-dimensional particles can be plastically deformed via VdW forces. Informed by this finding, silver nanoplates were deformed over spherical iron oxide template particles, resulting in distinctive bend contour patterns in bright-field (BF) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. High-resolution TEM images of deformed areas reveal the presence of highly strained bonds in the material. Finally, we show that the distance between two nearby template particles allows for the engineering of several distinct curvilinear morphologies. This work challenges the traditional view of nanoparticles as static objects and introduces methods for postsynthetic mechanical shape control.
A Vicious Cycle: How Pandemics Lead to Economic Despair and Social Unrest

In this paper we analyze the dynamics among past major pandemics, economic growth, inequality, and social unrest. We provide evidence that past major pandemics, even though much smaller in scale than COVID-19, have led to a significant increase in social unrest by reducing output and increasing inequality. We also find that higher social unrest, in turn, is associated with lower ourput and higher inequality, pointing to a vicious cycle. Our results suggest that without policy measures, the COVID-19 pandemic will likely increase inequality, trigger social unrest, and lower future output in the years to come.
Dynamic balance measurements: Reliability of smartphone attachment sites

Abstract Introduction Dynamic balance devices are costly and uncommon, requiring dedicated space for use. Thus, studies often utilize smartphones to measure dynamic balance by attaching them to body parts, as they are inexpensive, small, and readily available. However, little consideration has been given to determine which body part would yield the most reliable measurements. Method ː A total of 25 healthy college students consented to stand on a balance pad on their dominant leg for 30 s. The test and retests were performed at a one-week interval. Results ː Agreement between the test and retest values was moderate for those obtained from the sternum and waist (0.50 ≤ ICC ≤ 0.74) and was good for those obtained from the shin (0.75 ≤ ICC ≤ 0.89). There were significant moderate positive correlations between the test and retest results for all the attachment sites (0.40 Discussion Based on a review of related literature and the experiment's results, this study determined the pros and cons of using a smartphone as a measuring tool and the various measurement locations in the body. Despite the smartphone being a low-cost measuring tool, greater care must be taken to ensure the validity of the interpreted data. Conclusion ː Although quantifying balance is necessary for evidence-based medicine, clinics seldom use existing modern devices due to their costliness. This study's results suggest that a smartphone, which is a cheaper alternative, produces the most reliable results when attached to the shin.
Introduction to the Special Section on the 2021 International School Choice and Reform Conference

The International School Choice and Reform Conference (ISCRC) enters its tenth year serving as a platform on which scholars can present their research on school choice and reform. It also acts as a...
Significant Disruptions in the International Incidence of Hepatitis Delta Virus

ABSTRACT Background & Aims The international incidence of Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) is challenging to accurately estimate due to limited testing and lack of active surveillance for this rare infectious disease. These limitations prevent the detection of low-level and/or geographically dispersed changes in the incidence of HDV diagnoses. A study was designed to enable international active tracking and analyses of HDV epidemiology by aggregating international HDV and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) diagnoses datasets. Methods Publicly accessible datasets containing yearly incidence for HDV and HBV diagnoses were mined from government publications for Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Finland, Germany, Macao, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, United Kingdom, and United States. The Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) was used to determine the best-fitting breakpoint model for the number of breakpoints and the break dates identified using the determined model. Results Aggregated analysis of these HDV and HBV datasets spanning 1999-2020 identified structural breaks in the timeline of HDV incidence in 2002, 2012, and 2017. A significant increase in the international HDV incidence, relative to reported HBV diagnoses, occurred in 2013-2017. Secondary analysis identified four distinct temporal clusters of HDV incidence, including Cluster I (Macao, Taiwan), Cluster II (Argentina, Brazil, Germany, Thailand), Cluster III (Bulgaria, Netherlands, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States), and Cluster IV (Australia, Austria, Canada, Finland, Norway, Sweden). Conclusion Re-evaluation of the testing paradigm for HDV in HBV-positive patients and an active surveillance status of HDV are warranted to define the etiology of the structural breaks in HDV incidence timelines.
The Difficult Ureter: Clinical and Radiographic Characteristics Associated With Upper Urinary Tract Access at the Time of Ureteroscopic Stone Treatment

Objective To evaluate the association between clinicoradiographic features and need for prestenting (PS) because of inability of the ureter to accommodate the ureteroscope, or ureteral access sheath, at the time of stone treatment. Materials and Methods From 2009 to 2013, 120 consecutive nonstented patients underwent ureteroscopic stone treatment with preoperative computerized tomography urogram. Acute stone events with obstruction or infection were excluded. Preoperative radiographic imaging underwent radiologist review. Clinicoradiographic features were characterized, and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify covariates independently associated with need for PS. Results Of the 154 renal units treated, 25 (16%) required PS for failed primary access. PS ureters were less likely to have a history of prior ipsilateral ureteral stent (4% vs 31%) or surgery (8% vs 36%; P P Conclusion We report a 16% incidence of access failure requiring PS at time of ureteroscopy. Clinically, there was an 89% and 85% risk reduction in the need for PS with prior history of ipsilateral ureteral stent or surgery. Radiographically, there was a 4.4-fold increased risk of PS with
Assessing and managing opiate-induced constipation in adults with cancer.

Cancer Control 3 pation among persons with cancer is unknown,some studies have investigated patients receiving hospice care and who are receiving active curative treatment. The range of prevalence in hospitalized patients receiving cancer treatment varies from 70% to 100%.2-4 Studies of patients with advanced cancer who are receiving hospice care show that the prevalence of constipation ranges between 23% and 84%.2,3,5-9 A series of studies9-11 conducted in a large Florida hospice evaluated opiate-induced constipation and found that 40% to 64% of hospice patients with cancer have been found to have constipation. However, the number was lower when the data were obtained from a chart audit (40%)9 and higher when the researchers prospectively interviewed patients about their symptoms (63% to 64%).10,11 Walsh6 found constipation to be the most common side effect of morphine among 688 hospice patients, with a prevalence of 48%. The finding of constipation is relevant because studies have shown that it is negatively related to overall quality of life (r = –.38, P<.001).12
Persistence of denitrifying enzyme activity in dried soils.

The effects of air drying soil on denitrifying enzyme activity, denitrifier numbers, and rates of N gas loss from soil cores were measured. Only 29 and 16% of the initial denitrifying enzyme activity in fresh, near field capacity samples of Maury and Donerail soils, respectively, were lost after 7 days of air drying. The denitrifying activity of bacteria added to soil and activity recently formed in situ were not stable during drying. When dried and moist soil cores were irrigated, evolution of N gas began, and it maximized sooner in the dried cores. This suggests that the persistence of denitrifying enzymes permits accelerated denitrification when dried soils are remoistened. Enzyme activity increased significantly in these waterlogged cores, but fluctuations in enzyme activity were small compared with fluctuations in actual denitrification rate, and enzyme activities were always greater than denitrification rates. Apparent numbers of isolatable denitrifiers (most-probable-number counts) decreased more than enzyme activity as the soils were dried, but after the soils were rewetted, the extent of apparent growth was not consistently related to the magnitude of N loss. We hypothesize that activation-inactivation of existing enzymes by soil O2 is of greater significance in transient denitrification events than is growth of denitrifiers or synthesis of new enzymes.
Investigation of Pore Size Effect On Spray Cooling Heat Transfer With Porous Tunnels

Previous studies have shown that spray cooling heat flux enhancement may be attained by using enhanced surface structures. However, most enhanced surface spray cooling studies have been limited to extended surfaces relative to the base surface. In this study, experiments were conducted to study the effects of pore size on spray cooling heat flux when using porous tunnels. The porous tunnels where placed sub-surface relative to the top of the heater block. Pores of varying size were machined in the top of the heater block leading into the sub-surface tunnels. Pore diameters varied between 0.25 mm and 1.0 mm. Each copper block had a projected cross-sectional area of 2.0 cm(sup 2). Measurements were also obtained on a heater block with a flat surface for baseline comparison purposes. A 2x2 nozzle array was used with PF-5060 as the working fluid. Thermal performance data was obtained under nominally degassed (chamber pressure of 41.4 kPa) conditions with a bulk fluid temperature of 20.5 "C. Results for both the study show that the highest critical heat flux (CHF) attained was 141 w/cm2 using pores 1.0 mm in diameter. This gave an enhancement of 75% relative to the flat surface case under nominally degassed conditions.
On Generalizations of the Gravitational Interaction

Views of Einstein and Schrodinger on the limitations of the validity of the general theory of relativity are compared with the mainstream view held today.
Computerized Management Information Systems and Organizational Structures

The impact of the new information technology on organizations has been the subject of much speculation ever since the usefulness of computers as managerial tools became evident. The surge of interest in the area is reflected in the literature which has now grown into a full spectrum of arguments. Some conclude that computers will lead us toward organizational centralization [(Leavitt & Whisler,:1958), (Lawrence & Lorsch, 1967), (Galbraith, 1968), (Delehanty, 1967), (Whisler & Schultz, 1962), (Whisler, 1967), and (Burck, 1965)](1), while others contend that, although a definite direction is implied, the tendency will be toward decentralization (Forrester, 1965), (DeCarlo, 1967) (2). In between these two extremes the spectrum is filled by arguments, as best articulated by Dearden (1967) (3), who advances that the new information technology will be neutral in its impact on organizational structures, and by others who indicate that the effects will vary with the situation (Diebold, 1964).
The Price of Democracy: Vote Buying and Village Elections in China

Local elections have been occurring in most villages for over a decade in rural China, and competitive elections are one of the key indicators of the democratic process. Indeed, competition is an important aspect of any democracy, and it increases the value of a villager's vote—so much so that in some villages, a farmer's vote can be worth a small fortune. As village elections become more competitive, reports of vote buying are on the rise, and a number of journalists and academic researchers have condemned this growing practice in rural China. Accordingly, vote buying subverts democratic development and hinders democratization efforts. However, vote buying has a long history in well-established democracies, such as the United States and Great Britain. Rather than subverting democratization, vote buying can be viewed as part of the process or the price of democracy. While policies and laws are needed to control vote buying in the long run, initially it is a positive indicator that voting is an important and valuable process in rural China.
Government bond market linkages: evidence from Europe

This paper examines linkages among six major European government bond markets (Germany, France, Italy, UK, Belgium and the Netherlands) during 1988–2003. There is weak evidence that a stable long-run relationship exists among the six markets during the sample period. Granger causal linkages are generally not pronounced between the markets, while the contemporaneous correlation is strong between bond market innovations. Allowing for both Granger causal relationships and contemporaneous correlation, forecast error variance decomposition suggests that European bond markets are generally interdependent without a distinctive leadership. There is also some evidence that the UK and Italy may be less integrated with other markets, possibly due to their nonparticipation in the European Monetary System during part of the sample period.
The impact of irradiation temperature estimations on the accuracy of dosimetry

Abstract Quality-control dosimetry is important to the routine operation of a radiation processing facility. For many applications this dosimetry must be traceable to a national primary standard. After irradiation at an industrial facility, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-supplied transfer dosimeters are certified by measurement and dose interpolation from the NIST calibration curve. However, prior to computing the absorbed dose the dosimeter response must be adjusted for the temperature difference between irradiation temperature for the alanine system calibration and the irradiation temperature for the industrial process. For most industrial applications, the temperature is not controlled and varies during the irradiation process. The alanine dosimeter response has a dependence on irradiation temperature, which is compensated for by applying a correction factor to the dosimeter response to compute the absorbed dose. Moreover, there is no consensus protocol to estimate the irradiation temperature and apply this correction. This work approximates industrial temperature profiles using a 60 Co source with a temperature-controlled irradiation chamber, and then compares the relative effectiveness of commonly used industrial methods to correct for irradiation temperature influence on the alanine dosimeter response.
On a Statistical Relationship between Autumn Rainfall in the Central Equatorial Pacific and Subsequent Winter Precipitation in Florida

Abstract A statistical relationship is found to exist between autumn rainfall in the central equatorial Pacific and subsequent winter precipitation in the southern United States. In a case study, it was found that wet winters in south-central Florida are generally associated with warm water events along the equator, while dry conditions are more commonly associated with cold water events in the eastern tropical Pacific. Some suggestions are offered concerning the physical mechanisms responsible for this distant teleconnection.
Synthesis of nanoparticles of P3HT and PCBM for optimizing morphology in polymeric solar cells

Abstract Nanoparticles (NPs) with opposite charges of a donor polymer, poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT) and an acceptor molecule, phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) were synthesized using simple mini-emulsion technique. The NPs were examined by dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to confirm the formation of the NPs. The NPs were assembled into thin films by spin-coating of a blend of the NPs dispersion. The built-up of a five layered film was monitored by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. Our preliminary study demonstrated that a solar cell made from an annealed NP film can exhibit photovoltaic response.
Industrial location in post-reform India: patterns of inter-regional divergence and intra-regional convergence

Where do new industrial investments locate, and what factors drive the industrial location decisions? Do these investments follow the model of ‘divergence followed by convergence’ suggested by the cumulative causation, agglomeration economies, and transport-costs approaches? These questions are examined with district-level data from India for the pre- and post-reform periods using: first, tables and maps of concentration and clustering, aggregated for all industry and disaggregated into five sectors (Heavy Industries, Chemicals and Petroleum, Textiles, Agribusiness, and Utilities), and second, logistic and OLS/Heckman selection regression models for these six elements. The data provide solid evidence both of inter-regional divergence and intra-regional convergence, and suggest that ‘concentrated decentralisation’ is the appropriate framework for understanding industrial location in post-reform India.
A User-Enabling Visual Workflow for Near-Infrared Light Transport Modeling in Tissue

The components of a user-enabling visual workflow for clinically-relevant quantitative imaging with light in tissue are demonstrated, including new tools for integration of segmentation, meshing, reconstruction & simulation, and visualization.
Neutron reflectometry studies of surface oxidation

Abstract We have employed neutron reflectometry to study the thickness and density of thin oxide films of Ti in contact with electrolyte. Such films play an important role in corrosion resistance and surface chemistry in aqueous environments. We compare the structures of such oxides formed by either ramping the potential or by step polarization. The effect of subsequent cathodic bias on the films is explored, and the time evolution of the hydrogen content in the oxide and metal is investigated.
Influence of age at exposure on concentrations of 239Pu in beagle gonads.

The influence of age at injection of /sup 239/Pu on the gonadal concentrations with time after injection in beagle dogs was determined. In addition, the distribution patterns of Pu within the organs were examined using fission track autoradiography. Beagles of different ages (juveniles approximately 90 d; young adults approximately 17 mo; aged approximately 5 y) were given a single injection of /sup 239/Pu(IV)-citrate and most were allowed to live out their natural lifespan. At times greater than 1,000 d after exposure, the concentrations of /sup 239/Pu (expressed as percent injected per gram organ weight) were higher in the testes and ovaries from animals injected as young adults (median 9.8 X 10(-4) and 15.4 X 10(-4%) g-1, respectively) when compared with the juveniles (median 2.8 X 10(-4) and 7.7 X 10(-4%) g-1, respectively) or aged (median 6.3 X 10(-4) and 17.2 X 10(-4%) g-1, respectively) animals. The lower concentrations found in the animals injected as juveniles can be attributed to the increase in gonadal size that occurs during organ maturation and puberty. Fission track autoradiographs from gonadal tissues at least 5 y after exposure confirm the nonuniform distribution of the nuclide in these organs. In the testis, Pu was found mostlymore » in the interstitial tissues and in the ovary, was found in the stroma, particularly the medullary stroma.« less
Intermittent Reperfusion Extends Myocardial Preservation for Transplantation

Abstract A protocol was developed to compare prolonged heart preservation by hypothermic storage with prolonged hypothermic storage interrupted by a period of reperfusion. Hearts from adult mongrel dogs were excised after administration of 4°C crystalloid cardioplegia. Group A hearts (N = 7) underwent 7.5 hours of ischemia at 4°C followed by 1.5 hours of reperfusion and rewarming (A 0 ). Group B hearts (N = 8) underwent 3 hours of ischemia at 4°C, 1.5 hours of reperfusion and rewarming (B 1 ), 3 additional hours of ischemia at 4°C following repeat cardioplegia, and finally 1.5 hours of reperfusion and rewarming (B 2 ). During reperfusion, hearts were defibrillated and left ventricular (LV) function was assessed by measuring isovolumic peak systolic pressure and maximum positive rate of rise of LV pressure (+ dP/dt max ) with an intraventricular balloon. LV biopsy samples for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assay were obtained before ischemia and after each rewarming period. One Group A heart could not be defibrillated and studied. All Group B hearts completed the protocol. LV function, as assessed by peak pressure and + dP/dt max , at B 1 and B 2 exceeded values obtained at A 0 , but the differences were not statistically significant. The mean ATP level was 63.4 ± 7.7% of baseline at B 1 and 79.7 ± 4.3% of baseline at B 2 ( p 0 ( p 2 vs. A 0 ). It is presumed that intermittent reperfusion allows repletion of substrate stores, which results in improved myocardial protection. This technique of intermittent reperfusion preserves LV function and ATP levels, and deserves further evaluation for prolonged myocardial preservation for transplantation.
In retrospect: Silent Spring

On its 50th anniversary, an expose of pesticide overuse still stands as a beacon of reason, finds Rob Dunn.
Distribution of Thiamine Degradation Products in Simulated Milk Systems

Abstract Model systems containing some major components of milk and 35 S-labelled thiamine were sterilized in cans. The milk components were added at amounts in 2:1 evaporated milk. Systems were analyzed for per cent thiamine and for distribution of 35 S in various fractions and phases. Thiamine losses, compared to control solutions containing thiamine only decreased in the presence of lactose, sodium caseinate, and milk fat, although losses increased when lactose and sodium caseinate were present together. Substantial bonding was observed between sulfur-containing breakdown products and protein. Nature of the bonding was unknown, although disulfide bonding was considered a strong possibility. Reversible bonding was observed between undegraded thiamine and protein.
The pathology of sudden deafness.

Pathological studies were performed on eight temporal bones, of which six were from individuals with unilateral sudden deafness and two from one individual with bilateral sequential sudden deafness...
Differentiation of nonbeating embryonic stem cells into beating cardiomyocytes is dependent on downregulation of PKCβ and ζ in concert with upregulation of PKCε

Cardiomyocyte differentiation overall has been analyzed in vivo and in vitro at the molecular level by homologous recombination, gene mutation studies, and by transgenics; however, the roles of many signal transduction mechanisms that drive this differentiation process are still not fully understood. One set of signal transduction components that has been studied in detail in mature, differentiated cardiomyocytes is the PKC isotype superfamily. However, while the function of each isotype is slowly being uncovered in adult cardiomyocytes, limited information persists concerning their function in the differentiation process of cardiomyocytes. To begin analyzing the function of specific PKC isotypes in the differentiation process, we employed an established model for differentiating ES cells into cardiomyocyte-positive embryoid bodies (EBs) in vitro. RT-PCR, Western analyses, and confocal microscopy all showed that the expression of specific PKC isotypes was significantly changed as ES cells differentiated into cardiomyocytes. More importantly, by using antagonists specific for each isotype we found that this change was a final step in the differentiation process. PKCβ and ζ downregulation served to promote differentiation (beating), while upregulation of PKCe appeared to amplify differentiation (beating). Finally, melding classical tools (i.e., ionic exchange glass beads) with recently developed methods for differentiating ES cells creates a possible novel technique for investigating differentiation of ES cells into cardiomyocytes as well as other cell types.
Nonconstant periodic solutions in predator-prey systems with continuous time delay

Abstract This paper combines previously developed models and results for predator-prey systems with continuous time delay by Volterra, Bownds, Cushing, MacDonald, Worz- Busekros, and others. We present an analytic nonconstant periodic solution in the case that the integral kernel is the function ae −at by making use of the fixed-point theorem.
A simple synthesis of isotopically pure 2,2′-dipyridyl-d8

Abstract Isotopically pure bpy-d8 is formed via a dehydrogenation reaction of pyridine-d5 in a process that is convenient and safe.
Diffusion coefficients determined with microelectrodes

Abstract Steady-state amperometry at microdisk electrodes results in a current which is proportional to the electrode radius, the concentration of electroactive species, and the diffusion coefficient of the species electrolyzed. Measurements were made in this manner with platinum disks (r≈ 5 μm) in solutions of Fe(CN)3−6 (0.5 M KCl, pH 3.0), ferrocene (0.2 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate in acetonitrile), and Ru(NH3)3+6 (phosphate buffer, pH 7.0). Subsequently, the electrodes' radii were determined by scanning electron microscopy and the diffusion coefficients were determined from the measured currents and other relevant parameters. In addition, chronoamperometric measurements were made with electrodes of 50 μm radius under conditions where time dependent currents are observed. The diffusion coefficients determined in this way were in good agreement with those determined under steady-state conditions. The values obtained at 25° were 7.17 × 10−6 cm2 s−1 for Fe(CN)63−, 2.17 × 10−5 cm2 s−1 for ferrocene, and 5.48 × 10−6 cm2 s−1 for Ru(NH3)3+6.
Counterion Effects in Partition Chromatography

Abstract Inorganic counterions may affect the partition of organic solutes between water and an ion-exchange resin in at least four ways. One is by coordination of the solute to a metal ion held in the resin; this is the basis of ligand-exchange Chromatography. Another is through hydration of the counterion, which has two effects: (1) it modifies the solvent characteristics of the polymer gel; (2) it makes the water of the gel less available for hydrogen bonding. Finally, strong electric fields between fixed, ions and doubly or triply charged counterions attract dipolar ions like those of amino acids.
Primary structure and expression of a functional human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA

Identification of complementary DNAs encoding the human glucocorticoid receptor predicts two protein forms, of 777 (alpha) and 742 (beta) amino acids, which differ at their carboxy termini. The proteins contain a cysteine/lysine/arginine-rich region which may define the DNA-binding domain. Pure radiolabelled glucocorticoid receptor, synthesized in vitro, is immunoreactive and possesses intrinsic steroid-binding activity characteristic of the native glucocorticoid receptor.
Universal Expressive Needs: A Critique and a Theory*

This article proposes a theory of expressive needs common to all human beings, which grow out of biologically based “coarse emotions”: grief, fear, anger, shame, joy, and love-attachment. In order to locate the new theory within the framework of existing thought on the relation between culture and biology, I classify, in a provisional way, the major theorists as belonging to one of the following schools of thought: instinctivist, culturist, or humanist. The weakness of each of these positions is outlined, and the way the new theory corrects the weaknesses is described.
TRIENNIAL REPRODUCTION SYMPOSIUM: 2012 Casida Award Recipient: Philosophy for graduate education in reproductive physiology and endocrinology

The purpose of graduate education in reproductive physiology and endocrinology is to develop scientists and educators who will create new knowledge and impart this knowledge to appropriate end users in animal agriculture. Technology changes over time but the scientific method remains constant. Society needs scientists and educators who are grounded in the fundamentals of biology as well as in animal agriculture. Students in reproductive physiology and endocrinology require a blending of fundamental sciences with application to agricultural species in their training. My philosophy has been to treat each student as a unique individual needing a program designed to eliminate weaknesses and to magnify strengths. Each student must have a background in statistics and biochemistry. These 2 fundamental areas of science are of such importance that they must be included early in the educational process to assure competence in research or teaching. Students must be involved in their own research as early as possible. Collaborative and interdisciplinary research has been a key factor in developing successful scientists and educators in my graduate education program. Success of students after graduation has been a rewarding aspect of training graduate students.
Contributions of graduate students to nursing knowledge in women's health.

An essential goal of advanced nursing education is creation and dissemination of nursing knowledge; nurses with master's or higher degrees are expected to participate in research activities and publication (McCloskey & Grace, 1990; National League for Nursing, 1992; Yonge, Skillen, & Henderson, 1996). Knowledge based on empiric findings is a major force in nursing today and is changing practice, education, and health policy. Consequently, publication of research findings is vital to the advancement of the nursing profession (Oddi, Whitley, & Pool, 1994;Styles, 1981; Whitley, Oddi, & Terrell, 1998).
Optical and dielectric properties of self-similar structures

Abstract The effective dielectric constant and spectral function of a composite system prepared by recursively introducing inclusions of a given component are calculated. Connections are made with differential effective medium theory, and dynamical critical behavior is studied.
Structural Basis of Transcriptional Pausing in Bacteria

Transcriptional pausing by multisubunit RNA polymerases (RNAPs) is a key mechanism for regulating gene expression in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and is a prerequisite for transcription termination. Pausing and termination states are thought to arise through a common, elemental pause state that is inhibitory for nucleotide addition. We report three crystal structures of Thermus RNAP elemental paused elongation complexes (ePECs). The structures reveal the same relaxed, open-clamp RNAP conformation in the ePEC that may arise by failure to re-establish DNA contacts during translocation. A kinked bridge-helix sterically blocks the RNAP active site, explaining how this conformation inhibits RNAP catalytic activity. Our results provide a framework for understanding how RNA hairpin formation stabilizes the paused state and how the ePEC intermediate facilitates termination.
Lattice dynamics of isotopic alloys with applications to Zn 67 Mössbauer spectroscopy

The "recursion method" is applied to the dynamics of disordered lattices, and is used explicitly to calculate properties of isotopically disordered zinc. The specific heat and atomic motion are calculated for the special case of an isotopically pure lattice and compared to previous experimental and theoretical results. Then M\"ossbauer-effect calculations for the high-resolution $^{67}\mathrm{Zn}$ isotope are presented, including evaluations of the M\"ossbauer line shift with temperature, the anisotropic recoil-free fraction, and the Goldanskii-Karyagin effect. In addition, the effect of zero-point motion on the M\"ossbauer line position and linewidth in isotopically disordered zinc is discussed.
Explaining use of information in public policymaking

In recent years, scholars have attempted to understand the role of information in policymaking by developing several models of information utilization and have tested them empirically, at both national and state levels. This paper has called into question past studies as they relate to describing and explaining use of information. This paper tests an integrated model of information utilization that contains four sets of primary variables: decision makers’ environments (i.e., nature of policy issues), organization, individual characteristics, and characteristics of information. Based on the conceptual framework, a path model is built and tested against data about knowledge utilization and policy change in two areas of mental health policy (i.e., service and financing). The findings of the study have demonstrated that decision makers’ behavior does not conform to the assumptions put forward by either the organizational interest (e.g., information source or content of information) or the communications perspective (e.g., decision makers’ attitudes toward social science research). Instead, we have shown that information utilization is affected directly and indirectly by a variety of factors and their linkage, and not dominated by one set of factors that is defined by a singe perspective. The most important paths in the model are those between factors associated with information (e.g., the amount of information received or information source) and the use of information. Interestingly, these factors also play the role of major intervening mechanisms for linking other factors to decision makers’ use of information. More importantly, the general pattern of the findings indicates that policy areas make a difference in the process of information utilization.
Speech education in Pennsylvania high schools

Summary Information about the curricular and co‐curricular speech programs in 90% of the Pennsylvania high schools was secured through two questionnaires‐one to teachers and one to principals. Most of the people teaching speech are English teachers who are not certified in speech, who do not belong to any professional speech associations, who do not regularly read any speech journal, and who do not feel well prepared to teach the subject. Almost every high school offers some form of co‐curricular speech, but only a minority of the schools participate on an inter‐scholastic basis and affiliate with any co‐curricular speech organization.
Morphological Diagnosability of Aspidoscelis arizonae (Squamata: Teiidae) as an Indication of Evolutionary Divergence in the Aspidoscelis inornata Complex

Lizards of the gonochoristic Aspidoscelis inornata (Little Striped Whiptail) complex are ubiquitous components of vertebrate faunas in diverse habitats in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. One of these, Aspidoscelis arizonae ( = A. inornata arizonae, Arizona Striped Whiptail), is extant at only a few grassland areas in southeastern Arizona, but nonetheless played an important evolutionary role in the hybrid origins of seven obligatory parthenogenetic species. Although recognized as a distinct species by many, A. arizonae lacks a valid species description and only anecdotal data argue for its recognition. We were unable to separate it from geographically proximate A. inornata in southwestern New Mexico, using diagnostic morphological features (i.e., number of stripes, dark field coloration, sky blue ventral suffusion) previously used to delineate aspidoscelids. Furthermore, we evaluated additional diagnostic characters (i.e., body size plus ten meristic characters) in samples of A. arizon...
Reconstituted Botulinum Type A Neurotoxin: Clinical Efficacy After Long-Term Freezing Before Use

Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) is injected into muscles of facial expression for treatment of facial wrinkles. Manufacturers’ recommendations state that the product should be used within 4 h of reconstitution to prevent loss of effectiveness. A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of reconstituted BoNT/A when preserved in a frozen state for up to 6 months, as compared with nonfrozen BoNT/A used within 4 h after reconstitution. Treatment of 118 sites in 80 patients was performed and evaluated for aesthetic efficacy. Excellent results were observed in 94.8% of sites treated with nonfrozen BoNT/A and in 93.3% of the sites treated with frozen and thawed BoNT/A (p = 1). Minor side effects were rare and transient in both groups. In contrast to common belief, reconstituted BoNT/A may be frozen, thawed, and injected without losing its potency for up to 6 months, with efficacy equivalent to that of freshly prepared BoNT/A.
Digital watermarking based on chaotic map and reference register

In this paper, we present a new digital watermarking technique based on chaotic map and reference register (RR). We develop a block-based chaotic map, which outperforms the traditional one by breaking local spatial similarity, to increase the amount of significant coefficients in the transformed image. A RR is then employed to locate specific coefficients of a container efficiently for watermark embedding and extraction. We demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme in terms of better embedding capacity and lower message error rate. Furthermore, we show the proposed algorithm works well under some image-processing distortions, such as the JPEG compression, Gaussian noise, and low-pass filter.
Construction problems as tiling puzzles

Abstract The design of building construction parts often means design synthesis: complex parts will be generated gradually by smaller subparts or elements. Since construction parts are three-dimensional geometrical objects and many of them are built from mutually connected elements, one can easily find analogies between building puzzles and construction design. Tiling puzzles are a special kind of building puzzles whose elements pave the plane or space or a certain part of these. This paper is concerned with the connection between tiling problems and the design of construction parts of prefabricated building systems. Most of these problems are of combinatorial nature; many of them can be tackled only by computers. Especially interesting are the implications of the recently discovered non-periodic tilings in architectural design.
dx2 − y2 Pairing and spin fluctuations in the cuprate superconductors: A progress report

Abstract We present a simple model calculation of the superconducting pairing potential which makes evident the causal relationship between an effective magnetic interaction between planar quasiparticles which is peaked in momentum space at Q = π a , π a , and their transition to a superconducting state with d x 2 − y 2 pairing. We review recent experimental and theoretical developments which establish the common physical origin of scaling behavior and the spin pseudogap in underdoped systems and consider non-linear feedback effects which could give rise to this behavior in a nearly antiferromagnetic Fermi liquid. We discuss the shortcomings of the present generation of Hubbard model calculations in providing a quantitative account of the normal state magnetic and transport properties, as well as of T c , and suggest that apart from the SQUID experiments which probe directly the symmetry of the pairing state, measurements of the spin-lattice relaxation times, 63 T 1 and 17 T 1 and the spin-echo decay time, 63 T 2 G , provide the strongest constraints to date on candidate pairing states. We conclude with a qualitative discussion of the predictions of the magnetic mechanism for the doping dependence of T c .
Synthesis and characterization of bifunctional trans-(Ph3P)2Pt(CO2Me)(X) complexes

Abstract A series of trans -(Ph 3 P) 2 Pt(X)(Y) complexes (X = CO 2 Me or CO; Y = CO 2 Me, CO, OMe, OTf) has been prepared in order to determine the compatibility of electrophilic (CO, CO 2 Me) and nucleophilic (OH, OMe) ligands in the same platinum coordination sphere. Dealkoxylation of CO 2 Me complexes by trimethylsilyl triflate affords the corresponding cationic carbonyl derivatives, and represents a potentially useful metalloester deprotection method for controlling the formatioon of dimetalloester linkages. The crystal structure of [ trans -(Ph 3 P) 2 Pt(CO 2 Me)(CO)]BF 4 has been determined, and reveals an unusual distortion of the PPtP angle perpendicular to the square planar coordination geometry. Attempted condensation reactions between trans -(Ph 3 P) 2 Pt(CO 2 Me)(CO) + and trans -(Ph 3 P) 2 Pt(CO 2 Me)(OH) did not yield a dimetalloester condensation product, presumably due to the steric bulk of the ancillary Ph 3 P ligands.
The Single Tax Movement and Progressivism, 1880‐1920*

. Henry George's Single Tax movement and the Progressive movement in the United States were inter-related. After the publication of Progress and Poverty a political movement developed around George. It failed, partly because George was a poor politician although he had proved a master-publicist, partly because he aroused a formidable opposition. Nevertheless the single taxers did contribute to progressive reform a specific plan for manipulating the environment in a Social Darwinistic way. George's philosophy also rejected socialism in favor of a reformed and purified capitalism—perhaps the most important theme in 20th century reform thought in America. Moreover, the Single Tax movement contributed to the democratic reform movement such leaders as Tom L. Johnson, Brand Whitlock, Louis F. Post, Frederic C. Howe, George L. Record, Newton D. Baker and Franklin K. Lane.
Electrical recording of copulation in quail.

Abstract An automatic method previously used with rats and rabbits was used to record genital contacts between pairs of copulating Japanese Quail. Copulation typically consisted of a single brief (1 sec or less) contact. Ejaculatory and non-ejaculatory contacts did not differ. Contacts between pairs of males were briefer than contacts with female partners, but contacts with estrogen-treated male partners were similar to contacts with female partners.
Simulation of laser guidestar adaptive optics systems

A wave-optics simulation has been developed which can model and optimize the performance of three-dimensional laser guidestar systems. Important parameters of such a system are discussed. The simulation is described and used to illustrate the difference between zero-, two- and three-dimensional beacons. A number of runs are made to show the effect of varying various simulation and system parameters.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.