cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Protein in the Pancreas. II. The Role of Ribonucleoprotein in Protein Synthesis

1. The ribonucleoprotein of the microsome fraction which sediments at 40,000 R.P.M. as a pellet (and which is referred to as the pellet material) has been studied with reference to its role in protein synthesis in the pancreas. 2. In pellet material nucleic acid and protein form a definite complex as shown by its electrophoretic behavior and unchanging composition under various conditions. 3. Protein of pellet material is not especially rich in the diamino acids. 4. Evidence is brought forward indicating that the protein component of pellet material takes part in the general process of protein synthesis in the cell. (a) The well known correlation between quantity of RNA and rate of protein synthesis in a tissue implicates the protein of the pellet material, for most of the RNA in the pancreas and other tissues is in this material. (b) Uptake of isotopically labelled glycine by the pellet material, confirming results of previous workers, is for short periods greater than in other protein fractions. (c) Comparing the pellet materials of pancreas, liver, and kidney—three tissues with vastly different rates of protein synthesis, in the sequence given—there is a correlation between the quantity of RNA in the pellet and the rate of protein synthesis in the tissue; a similar correlation between quantity of RNA in the pellet material and rate of N15-glycine uptake by the protein component of the pellet; and finally, the level of uptake by total protein varies with the tissue and is related to the uptake of N15-glycine by protein of the pellet. 5. In the pancreas a distinction can be made between proteins synthesized for secretion and the nucleoprotein of the pellet (not found in the secretion) which, however, takes part in the synthetic process, as shown by the fact that the N15 uptake by protein of the pellet is increased when the synthesis of digestive enzymes is stimulated by secretion. 6. The time course of N15 uptake by proteins of the pancreas indicates that pellet protein serves as precursor material in the synthesis of the secretory proteins. 7. Rate of uptake of N15-glycine by the purines of RNA of the pellet material is not correlated with uptake by the protein. 8. The uptake of C14-alanine by an in vitro system of microsomes + mitochondria is impaired by preincubation of the microsomes with ribonuclease. This is direct experimental evidence for the dependence of protein synthesis upon the presence or intactness of ribonucleic acid in the microsomes.
THE ROLE OF FUTURES STUDIES IN BUSINESS STRATEGIC PLANNING

Ever since the days of Sir Thomas More and Robert Owen, people have been engaged in studying and predicting the future. Today's futurist has refined the art to such a high degree that futures studies have important implications for business strategic planning.
Matrix-attachment regions in the mouse chromosome 7F imprinted domain.

We have mapped the matrix-attachment regions (MARs) in 200 kilobases of the mouse Chromosome (Chr) 7F imprinted domain. MARs are genetic elements known to have effects in ris on methylation at nonimprinted loci. The imprinting of the Igf2 and Ins2 genes is dependent on the transcription of the downstream H19 gene. The transcription of H19 is dependent in turn on its methylation status. The cis-acting regulators of methylation at this site are not known. As MARs are potential regulators not only of methylation but also other elements of genomic imprinting, we mapped the MARs within the 200 kilobases around H19. This report describes the mapping of four MARs from this region.
RELATIONSHIP OF GAIT AND COGNITION IN THE ELDERLY

Gait and cognitive impairments in older adults mostly reflect the co-occurrence of two geriatric syndromes linked by common underlying brain substrates and pathologies. Gait control is predominately mediated by frontal subcortical circuits, which overlap with circuits controlling executive control and attention functions. These circuits are vulnerable to multiple age-related pathologies such as ischemia, inflammation, and neurodegeneration, which could ultimately cause cognitive, gait, or combined cognitive and gait impairments. The following review aims to describe various gait and cognitive classifications, gait based phenotypes, common underlying pathological processes, and provide a link between motor and cognitive impairments in an effort to predict the risk of dementia and remediate impairments by applying appropriate interventions.
Finalizing host range determination of a weed biological control pathogen with best linear unbiased predictors and damage assessment

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. salsolae (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. in Penz. (CGS) is a facultative parasitic fungus being evaluated as a classical biological control agent of Russian thistle or tumbleweed (Salsola tragus L.). In initial host range determination tests, Henderson’s mixed model equations (MME) were used to generate best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of disease severity reaction to CGS among 89 species of plants related to S. tragus. The MME provided: (1) disease assessments for rare and difficult or impossible to grow species, (2) environmentally independent measures of disease severity, (3) measures of disease severity for species versus a sample of material tested in a greenhouse, (4) objective indicators of susceptible and non-susceptible species, (5) a means to objectively compare disease on targets versus non-targets. Of the 89 species evaluated by the MME, eight native N. American species were predicted to be susceptible. As a result of these predictions, these eight species were further evaluated to determine the amount of actual damage caused by CGS. This was done by comparing root and shoot areas and weights between non-inoculated plants and plants inoculated with CGS. Results showed that several of the species exhibited some minor reduction in root weight and root area, but none of the species had any damage to above-ground plant parts. This supports the BLUP output in the initial host range determination tests. As a result of both analyses, there is no evidence that CGS would cause any non-target effects in nature.
Transition probabilities for Ar I

Transition probabilities for Ar I, using Coulomb approximation values of radial wave function integral
Stable low-rate midazolam self-injection with concurrent physical dependence under conditions of long-term continuous availability in baboons

The current research was undertaken to characterize intravenous midazolam self-injection and the concurrent development of physical dependence under conditions of continuous drug availability. Baboons (n=6) IV self-injected midazolam under conditions of continuous availability under a fixed-ratio 30 schedule of lever-pull responses with a 5-min time-out after each injection. Midazolam (1.0 mg/kg) maintained an orderly spaced within-day pattern of injections and low, but stable, daily rates of self-injection over 30 or more days (e.g. <20 injections/day). Sequential substitution of saline and then midazolam produced rapid extinction and then reinstatement of responding at the same stable rate. In subsequent manipulations, a range of lower doses of midazolam (0.0156–0.25 mg/kg) were also shown to reinstate self-injection responding after extinction on saline; however, both chronic and acute dose manipulations indicated that dose-regulation was poor. Chronic self-injection of the high dose (1.0 mg/kg) but not lower doses produced a suppression in responding maintained by food pellet delivery. Chronic self-injection of 1.0 and 0.25 mg/kg midazolam produced physical dependence as reflected in classic benzodiazepine spontaneous and flumazenil-precipitated withdrawal syndromes, including tremor, vomiting and, in one instance, seizure. The stable, low-rate self-injection of midazolam, with concurrent development of physical dependence, demonstrated in the present study may provide a useful model system for investigating factors which contribute to long-term inappropriate use of benzodiazepines by physically dependent patients.
The role of Müller cells in fibrocontractive retinal disorders.

Despite advances in surgical management of fibrocontractive retinal disorders, proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) remain major causes of blindness and there is still considerable uncertainty about the origins and roles of the cell types involved. Muller cells and cells identified as retinal glia are consistently identified in epiretinal tissues from both types of disorders. However, their abundance relative to total cell populations is generally low, leaving their role in these disorders uncertain. Studies of Muller cell biology using tissue culture and animal models provide evidence of the remarkable capacity of this cell type for graded responses to environmental insult, the capacity to proliferate, translocate from the retina and alter phenotype and thus, functional characteristics. This review considers the potential roles of Muller cells in fibrocontractive retinal disorders and, in particular, evidence that Muller cells function as an effector cell type in traction retinal detachment associated with PVR and PDR.
A Second Look at Grading and Classroom Performance: Report of a Research Study

man (AATG) Achievement Test scores for all subjects, to determine how these variables correlate with each other and whether any set of them yields correlation results that could prove meaningful to foreign language teachers. A previous study conducted by Sidney Hahn and colleagues in 1988 found that grading oral practice activities was not a motivator that significantly affected oral proficiency as measured by the ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI). However, as Hahn herself stated, that study involved a very limited number of subjects (twenty-three students), so that the validity of its findings can be questioned; a follow-up study is required, using a larger number of subjects. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the same question, this time involving initially a sample of eighty-nine students, eightyfour of whom completed the study. The study was carried out at Nathan Hale Junior High School in Omaha, Nebraska, an urban, inner city school with a population of approximately 800 students, forty percent of whom are members of ethnic minority groups (primarily African-Americans). The subjects were enrolled in four German classes, two at the first-year and two at the second-year level; one class at each level was considered experimental (their directed, oral classroom activities were graded) nd the other, control (no grades were assigned for directed oral activities). At the first-year level, the experimental group consisted of twenty-three students and the control group of twenty-four; at the second-year level, the experimental group consisted of twenty students and the control group of seventeen. Students were assigned to these classes by computer, based on their decision during the prior spring to register for German. Their overall class schedule determined the particular German section to which they were assigned.
Problems in the intravenous administration of synthetic and natural fats for nutritional purposes

Due to the high interfacial tension between water and natural fats it is almost impossible to produce stable emulsions of these substances by mechanical means. It was found that the addition of emulsifying agents which lower surface tension, make possible the formation of stable emulsions. These emulsifying agents were found to be toxic and hemolytic in direct proportion to their surface tension lowering power. Surface active substances render the capillaries more permeable as demonstrated with T-1824 and account for the occurrence of pulmonary edema and death from shock after intravenous administration.
Influence of Phospholipids on the Development of Oxidized Off Flavors in Cooked Turkey Rolls

Total lipid and phospholipid (PL) fractions and their fatty acid profiles were analyzed from the interior and exterior portions of cooked turkey breast rolls. Compositional changes during refrigeration were related to oxidative degradation as measured by the TBA test. Breast tissues contained 2% lipid which remained constant over storage. The PLs constituted 0.7% of the meat and only those PLs in the exterior portion degraded during storage. TBA values increased in both roll portions with a concomitant reduction in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) having four or more double bonds. These findings suggested that PUFAs were associated with oxidized off-flavors in cooked turkey rolls. Phosphatidylcholine was present in the highest concentration and underwent the greatest oxidative deterioration.
Equilibrium in simple spatial (or differentiated product) models

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the equilibrium in models where location (product) and price are strategic variables. A great deal of work on spatial and related differentiated product models has been undertaken, much of it featuring the assumption of zero conjectural variation (ZCV), or zero profits in equilibrium, or symmetry in equilibrium. The difficulties created by these assumptions are sometimes noted, but are typically ignored in the analysis. The chapter also discusses the equilibria of a simple, standard spatial model without ignoring these difficulties. Equilibrium with free entry when firms are technologically small relative to the market is of particular interest. In this chapter, a modified ZCV is used. Each firm views the strategy of other firms as fixed so long as its own strategy does not cause its delivered price to match or undercut any other firm's price at that other firm's own location. Each firm believes that no other firm will allow itself to be undersold at its own location and that other firms will reduce price if they are undercut at their own locations. This modification effectively rules out the problem with ZCV.
Progress toward racial equality and reduction of black criminal violence

Trends in racial inequality and in black involvement in violence were examined to determine whether black progress toward equality and the Black Power Movement could have contributed to a reduction in black violence. The belief that egalitarian trends and the Movement could have ameliorative effects on violence is supported by subcultural theories, Fanon's Colonial Model, and other social scientific statements. The trends are consistent with the belief, structural changes indicated by educational and political progress being closely associated with violence reduction. But cultural change seems important too because, despite a period of black economic progress, no violence reduction occurred before an improvement in black self-concept. Indeed, the earliest black income and occupational gains were associated with several years of increasing black violence. Thus, the purely structural explanation of Blau and Blau (1982) and their emphasis on economic progress are questionable. In addition, Skogan's (1979) demographic explanation of the decrease in black violence in the early 1970s is shown to lack merit.
Effect of HEPES buffer on the uptake and transport of P-glycoprotein substrates and large neutral amino acids

HEPES has been widely employed as an organic buffer agent in cell culture medium as well as uptake and transport experiments in vitro. However, concentrations of HEPES used in such studies vary from one laboratory to another. In this study, we investigated the effect of HEPES on the uptake and bidirectional transport of P-gp substrates employing both Caco-2 and MDCK-MDR1 cells. ATP-dependent uptake of glutamic acid was also examined. ATP production was further quantified applying ATP Determination Kit. An addition of HEPES to the growth and incubation media significantly altered the uptake and transport of P-gp substrates in both Caco-2 and MDCK-MDR1 cells. Uptake of P-gp substrates substantially diminished as the HEPES concentration was raised to 25 mM. Bidirectional (A-B and B-A) transport studies revealed that permeability ratio of P(appB-A) to P(appA-B) in the presence of 25 mM HEPES was significantly higher than control. The uptake of phenylalanine is an ATP-independent process, whereas the accumulation of glutamic acid is ATP-dependent. While phenylalanine uptake remained unchanged, glutamic acid uptake was elevated with the addition of HEPES. Verapamil is an inhibitor of P-gp mediated uptake; elevation of cyclosporine uptake in the presence of 5 muM verapamil was compromised by the presence of 25 mM HEPES. The results of ATP assay indicated that HEPES stimulated the production of ATP. This study suggests that the addition of HEPES in the medium modulated the energy dependent efflux and uptake processes. The effect of HEPES on P-gp mediated drug efflux and transport may provide some mechanistic insight into possible reasons for inconsistencies in the results reported from various laboratories.
A Readout Integrated Circuit (ROIC) with hybrid source/sensor array

Based on test results of a conventional Readout Integrated Circuit (ROIC) with basic light detecting function, this paper proposed a new design, which integrates a dense addressable light emitting LED and photo detector array, with on-chip control, driver electronics and improved performance.
Observation of the Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in Ablatively Accelerated Foils

We present the first absolute, two-dimensionally resolved measurements of areal mass density of laser-driven ablatively accelerated foils, which show the Rayleigh-Taylor instability developing from initial mass perturbations. Our data are near simulation results which predict that the Rayleigh-Taylor growth rate is less than classical. The measurements sometimes show development of significant areal mass inhomogeneity in a direction perpendicular to that of the initially imposed perturbations.
Diazepam modulates lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation but not stimulation-escape in rats.

Abstract Rats electrically stimulated via chronically implanted lateral hypothalamic (LH) electrodes were assessed with and without diazepam (DZ), for thresholds of stimulation-bound feeding (SBF) and for barpressing rates to administer and to escape from the same current. Six pure-reward rats, who self-stimulated but did not escape LH stimulation, exhibited SBF. Their electrode tips lay in medial forebrain bundle (MFB) and zona inserta along the entire rostral-caudal extent of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH). Six reward-escape rats, who self-stimulated and escaped from LH stimulation, did not (with one histologically deviant exception) show SBF. Reward-escape electrode tips were anterior to all the pure-reward placements. They lay in MFB rostral to the VMH up to the level of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (with the deviant electrode tip located on the zona inserta/ventral thalamic border). After i.p. injections of DZ, self-stimulation (SS) rates increased for both groups of animals and SBF thresholds decreased. Stimulation-escape (SE) rates, however, remained unchanged by the drug. The results are consistent with the existence of dual substrates: a DZ-sensitive reward system, present in both groups of animals, and a simultaneously stimulated, drug-resistant aversion system which is powerfully engaged in reward-escape animals only.
Kex2-like proteolytic activity in adrenal medullary chromaffin granules.

Summary This study demonstrates the presence of boc-Gln-Arg-Arg-MCA cleaving activity in bovine chromaffin granule membranes that resembles yeast Kex2 proteolytic activity. The chromaffin granule boc-Gln-Arg-Arg-MCA cleaving activity, like Kex2 proteolytic activity, shows calcium dependence, optimum activity at pH 7.5–8.2, inhibition by serine protease inhibitors, and preference for cleavage at the COOH-terminal side of Arg-Arg and Lys-Arg, over Lys-Lys, paired basic residues. Potent inhibition by the active-site directed inhibitor [D-Tyr]-Glu-Phe-Lys-Arg-CK (20 μM) provided further evidence for dibasic residue cleavage site specificity. These results are the first report of endogenous mammalian Kex2-like proteolytic activity that may be related to PC1/PC3 and PC2 enzymes, the newly discovered mammalian homologues of Kex2 protease. It will be important to determine the role of this Kex2-like proteolytic activity in processing the precursors of adrenal medullary neuropeptides.
Machado-Joseph disease gene product is a cytoplasmic protein widely expressed in brain

Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) is one of at least six neurodegenerative diseases caused by expansion of a CAG repeat encoding a polyglutamine tract in the disease protein. To study the molecular mechanism of disease, we isolated both normal and expanded repeat MJD1 cDNAs, and generated antiserum against the recombinant gene product, called ataxin-3. Using this antiserum, we demonstrate that in disease tissue, both the normal and mutant ataxin-3 protein are expressed throughout the body and in all regions of the brain examined, including areas generally spared by disease. In brain, certain regions (the striatum, for example) express ataxin-3 in only a limited subset of neurons. Immunolocalization studies in normal and disease brain, and in transfected cells, indicate that ataxin-3 is predominantly a cytoplasmic protein that localizes to neuronal processes as well. We conclude that in MJD, as in other polyglutamine repeat diseases, cellular expression of the disease gene is not itself sufficient to cause neuronal degeneration; other cell-specific factors must be invoked to explain the restricted neuropathology seen in MJD. The restricted expression of ataxin-3 in certain regions, however, may influence the pattern of neurodegeneration and provide clues to the protein's function.
A new approach to the incorporation of attributes into consumer theory

Abstract A framework is developed which can be used to analyze a large class of consumption situations which cannot be handled by Lancaster's model. To achieve this end, a certain “expansion” of attribute space is performed. Subsequently, we formally define the notions of mixability and effective number of goods n . This new model degenerates into Lancaster's model for the special case when n = 1 .
Coordinate expression of the 48K host nuclear phosphoprotein and SV40 T Ag upon primary infection of mouse cells

Abstract We have studied the expression of the 48K host phosphoprotein after primary infection of BALB/c 3T3 mouse cells with simian virus 40, using a monospecific antiserum against the purified 48K protein. The 48K host phosphoprotein, previously shown to complex with SV40 large T Ag, is shown to be expressed in the nuclei of BALB/c 3T3 cells 18–24 hr after primary infection by SV40, at the same time large T Ag is expressed. Expression of the 48K protein shows the same distribution and multiplicity dependence as that of large T Ag. We were able, by comparing percentages of cells stained with α94K, or α48K, or both antisera together, to show all cells expressing large T Ag and only those cells expressing large T Ag also express the 48K protein. The SV40 A locus governs the expression of the host 48K phosphoprotein, while deletions in the region 0.54 to 0.58 have no effect, suggesting it is large and not small T Ag which governs the expression of the host 48K phosphoprotein. The adenovirus-SV40 hybrid virus, AD2D2, also causes the expression of the host 48K protein, while adenovirus 2 alone does not, also indicating that it is the region 0.54-0.17 map units of the SV40 genome which governs the expression of the 48K protein.
Cactus alkaloids. xlviii. Nα, Nα-dimethylhistamine, a hypotensive component of Echinocereus triglochidiatus

Abstract Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. var. neomexicanus (Standley) Standley ex W.T. Marshall is believed to cause psychotropic effects when consumed by the Mexican Tarahumara Indians. A phytochemical study was initiated with E. triglochidiatus Engelm. var. paucispinus Engelm. ex W.T. Marshall, which is more abundant in Texas. In the fractionated extracts three compounds, detected by thin-layer chromatography, were positive to Ehrlich's reagent, indicating the possible presence of indole alkaloids; however, a non-Ehrlich positive alkaloid was crystallized as the dihydrochloride and subsequently identified (spectrometrically and via synthesis as N α , N α -dimethylhistamine dihydrochloride. The same compound was then detected chromatographically in the neomexicanus variety. This compound has peripheral hypotensive effects similar to histamine, and this action may help to explain the alleged psychotropic effects of the cactus.
Correlation of earthquakes with lunar orbital motions

An apparent correlation of earthquakes with the coincidence of lunar perigee and new Moon is shown to be a consequence of the correlation of perigee with new Moon. The correlation is specious.
Constructing a Design Knowledge Base Using Natural Language Processing

Mechanical engineering, like other engineering disciplines, has witnessed maturation of various aspects of its domain, obsolescence of some areas and a resurgence of others. With a history of over 200 years of continuous research and development, both in academia and industry, the community has generated enormous amounts of design knowledge in the form of texts, articles and design drawings. With the advent of electronics and computer science, several of the classical mechanisms faced obsolescence, but with the emergence of MEMS and nanotechnology, the same designs are facing a resurrection. Research and development in mechanical engineering would derive enormous benefit from a structured knowledge-base of designs and mechanisms. This paper describes a prototype system that synthesizes a knowledge-base of mechanical designs by the processing of the text in engineering descriptions. The goal is to construct a system that stores and catalogs engineering designs, their sub-assemblies and their super-assemblies for the purposes of archiving, retrieval for launching new designs and for education of engineering design. Engineering texts have a relatively clear discourse structure with fewer ambiguities, less stylistic variations and less use of complex figures of speech. The text is first passed through a part-of-speech tagger. The concept of thematic roles is used to link different parts of the sentence. The discourse structure is then taken into account by anaphora resolution. The knowledge is gradually built up through progressive scanning and analysis of text. References, interconnections and attributes are added or deleted based upon the nature, reliability and strength of the new information. Examples of analysis and resulting knowledge structures are presented.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Relating Ctenophore Population to Water Mass Indices in the Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf Ecosystem

Ctenophores exist throughout the Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf Ecosystem, but the underlying mechanisms that control ctenophore populations at this scale are not clear. Ctenophore population data over the last 30 years coincides with changes in several water masses on the shelf, but discovering which water mass was most influential was problematic without mechanistic clarity. This paper strives to identify the relationship between oceanography and ctenophore populations over the last 30 years. Using a numerical modeling approach, we found a strong relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation index, percent Labrador Subarctic Slope Water, and ctenophore population. We suggest these results might inform future efforts to develop a predictive capability for major changes in ctenophore population.
Books helpful to patients with sexual and marital problems.

Providing patients with helpful and timely resource materials requires clinicians to be familiar with an ever-changing and overwhelmingly large body of information. To assist clinicians in the task of assembling current useful materials, we surveyed members of the Society for Sex Therapy and Research by mail and an electronic listserve. The survey forms requested respondents to list books, videotapes, and Internet sites that they recommended to their patients with specific sexual/marital problems. Fifty-two of 216 surveys were returned for a response rate of 24%. Responses were included if they were cited at least three times. Each citation was verified for accuracy and developed into an acceptable journal-quality reference. Frequency counts for responses were calculated, and a bibliography was developed.
A parametrics architecture for design, management, and coordination in a collaborative AEC environment

This article describes a unified system architecture for representation and reasoning in a concurrent, collaborative architectural/engineering/construction (AEC) environment. The architecture is built on a formal unified modeling methodology for products and processes based on parametrics techniques. The architecture forms the core of a domain-independent shell that could be used for incremental knowledge integration. The integrated knowledge base could be used at any point of inference to propagate changes in data values or knowledge items using parameter-dependency networks. The article concentrates on the representation standards of the core elements of the collaborative architecture. It starts by describing the needs set by the nature of project organization in the AEC industry as well as the research philosophy. The article briefly illustrates the generic parametric representation and inference foundation, including the role of exogenous variables in domain knowledge control. The article concentrates on the standards of object-oriented representation that form the core of domain modeling and knowledge integration. The representation covers various tasks such as context knowledge control for version management, knowledge integration with other systems, and efficient propagation control. The article shows that the careful use of domain knowledge in modeling the problem and controlling inference through exogenous variables provides guidelines toward creating sound standards for representation.
Focal Determination of Microearthquakes Using a Tripartite Seismic Array

This paper presents a focal determination routine developed for use in locating microearthquakes recorded on a small tripartite seismic array. The method uses P-wave arrival times at four stations and the S-P time measured at one station. A solution is obtained for each trio of stations. These solutions can be compared to obtain an indication of the precision of the location. Practical problems such as velocity layering and station corrections, and a number of applications are discussed. The advantage of the method is that it leads directly to improved information about local structure.
Preparation and characterization of high resistivity GaAs

Abstract A method for preparing high resistivity GaAs 10 7 Ω cm at 300°K) by doping with zinc and oxygen simultaneously is presented. This material has the same energy level as that produced accidentally or by extensive float zoning. Hall effect measurements as a function of temperature were made on several samples to determine the energy level (0.75 eV). By solving the equation for carrier concentration derived from basic principles it was possible to determine the degree of compensation for samples for which we had Hall effect data. The results show that close compensation is not required to produce high resistivity GaAs.
Noninvasive blood pressure measurement on the temporal artery using the auscultatory method

Blood pressures in the temporal artery of five normotensive subjects were recorded using a modified auscultatory setup. The setup comprised a pediatric cuff to occlude the artery and a piezoelectric contact microphone to record the Korotkoff sounds. Both the cuff and microphone were held in their respective positions with an adjustable head band. The recordings were taken under four different conditions: the subject lying supine, the subject sitting at rest, the subject sitting immediately after exercise and the subject moving the head gently. These recordings were compared with readings from the brachial artery, obtained with a commercially available automatic blood pressure measuring device. Korotkoff sounds were analyzed in the time and frequency domain. Results indicate that Korotkoff sounds in the temporal artery are much smaller in amplitude, and do not exhibit the same distinctive phases as those of the brachial artery. Despite these differences, these sounds can be used to detect blood pressures at head level. The accuracy of the readings was within +/- 10%. Successful readings were also obtained with gentle head motions, demonstrating that this setup has the potential to be developed into an ambulatory blood pressure monitoring system.
Effect of captopril on transplanted schistosome egg granulomas in skin.

Groups of athymic nude (nu/nu) and littermate (nu/+) mice received transplants into skin of hepatic egg granulomas isolated from Schistosoma mansoni -infected nu/+ mice. Some were fed captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and other animals served as controls. Lesions were removed at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after implantation and prepared for light and electron microscopy. The number of new egg granulomas repopulated by recipient cells was compared by counting more than 100 eggs per specimen, randomly, double blind, and the effects of captopril on developing granulomas were determined. Results in nude mice indicated a trend for increasing granuloma takes with time in captopril-treated animals compared to controls, especially in mice who started therapy 2 weeks after transplantation. In nu/+ recipients the differences were more striking and statistically significant at 2 and 6 weeks after grafting. The granulomas in treated mice in both groups were larger than those in controls, but the cellular composition in the granulomas that developed were similar. New granulomas consisted mainly of eosinophils and mixed-function macrophages, although some purely secretory macrophages also were seen. The findings demonstrate that captopril ingestion enhanced granulomatous inflammation induced by skin transplantation of schistosome egg granulomas and significantly increased isograft takes. The results may have relevance for treating cutaneous diseases like sarcoidosis with captopril.
Why art photography

Despite the slender volume, Lucy Soutter offers thick description and a host of weighty ideas (some complementary, some seemingly contradictory) in building a sturdy framework to answer the persist...
Molecular evidence for the nuclear localization of FADD

The Fas-associated death domain (FADD) adaptor protein FADD/Mort-1 is recruited by several members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily during cell death activated via death receptors. Since most studies have focused on the interaction of FADD with plasma membrane proteins, FADD's subcellular location is thought to be confined to the cytoplasm. In this report, we show for the first time that FADD is present in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of cells, and that its nuclear localization relies on strong nuclear localization and nuclear export signals (NLS and NES, respectively) that reside in the death-effector domain (DED) of the protein. Specifically, we found that a conserved basic KRK35 sequence of the human protein is necessary for FADD's nuclear localization, since disruption of this motif leads to the confinement of FADD in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, we show that the leucine-rich motif LTELKFLCL28 in the DED is necessary for FADD's nuclear export. Functionally, mutation of the NES of FADD and its seclusion in the nucleus reduces the cell death-inducing efficacy of FADD reconstituted in FADD-deficient T cells.
Multiple cracks and branch cracks in finite plane bodies

Presentation d'une technique combinant la methode des elements frontieres avec une representation nouvelle «deplacement-discontinuite» de la fissure interne
Cracking initiation mechanism of 316LN stainless steel in the process of the hot deformation

Abstract In this study, tensile testing of samples made of 316LN stainless steel was carried out at 1100 °C by using a Gleeble-1500D testing machine. By analyzing the effects of strain on the fracture behavior of 316LN samples in terms of the microstructural development of the heat-affected zone during the stretching process, it can be concluded that the formation of cracks in 316LN includes the nucleation, growth, and aggregation of microscopic cavities during the stretching process under high temperature. It was determined that the formation of cracks was accompanied by recrystallization. The higher the strain, the greater the recrystallization and the easier it is to crack the sample. It was also found that stress triaxiality plays an important role in the prediction of the destruction of the material.
ACUTE EFFECTS OF LOW-FLUENCE ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT ON HUMAN T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS

-The acute effects of low-fluence ultraviolet light, primarily between wavelengths 280 and 320 nm (ultraviolet B) on T-lymphocyte subsets were assessed in virro and in vivo by quantitative cytofluorometric analysis. In virro, 90J/m2 of ultraviolet irradiation of human mononuclear cells produced a significant increase in the OKT4 (helper-inducer)/OKT8 (suppressor-cytotoxic) ratio (P>0.008), due primarily to a decrease in the OKT8 subset. In vivo, 24 h after whole-body UV irradiation of human subjects with one half of a minimal erythemal dose of ultraviolet B the OKT4/OKT8 ratios again increased (P > 0.002), again with somewhat greater effects on the OKT8 subset. These results indicate that suberythemal exposure to UV light increases OKT4/OKT8 ratios in normal human subjects because of differential effects on lymphocyte subsets. They suggest that casual exposure to sunlight mediates immunologic changes in normal human subjects.
Genomic approaches to identifying transcriptional regulators of osteoblast differentiation

Recent microarray studies of mouse and human osteoblast differentiation in vitro have identified novel transcription factors that may be important in the establishment and maintenance of differentiation. These findings help unravel the pattern of gene-expression changes that underly the complex process of bone formation.
The Biopolitics of Hindu Nationalism: Mournings

This article maps the incursion of Hindu nationalism in Orissa, eastern India. It interrogates Hindu cultural dominance and nationalist mobilization as it gains momentum in the state. It speaks to majoritarianism in the context of liberal development, the related apparatus of nation making, mediated by issues of religion, caste, class, culture, tribe and gender. The text, as history of a discontinuous present, offers counter-narratives of lives often reduced to ‘lack’ or ‘spectacle’, reciting minority-subaltern claims in rethinking nation, rights and difference.
Defining the Subject of Consent in DNA Research

The advent of population-specific genomic research has prompted calls for invention of informed consent protocols that would treat entire social groups as research subjects as well as endow such groups with authority as agents of consent. Critics of such an unconventional ethical norm of “group consent” fear the rhetorical effects of approaching social groups with offers to participate in dialogues about informed consent. Addressing a specific population as the collective subject of genomic research, on this logic, adds currency to the potentially dangerous public opinion that such a group is bound by genetic ties. The paper considers the problem of group and individual identity within the rhetorical dynamics of the discourse and politics of consent.
Intraventricular tissue plasminogen activator for intraventricular hemorrhage caused by an arteriovenous malformation

The use of thrombolytics delivered through an external ventricular drain has improved outcomes in intraventricular hemorrhage, a disease with a poor prognosis; however, presence of an arteriovenous malformation is generally considered a contraindication to thrombolytic use. Due do the high mortality with the current standard of care, thrombolytics should be considered as an acceptable treatment option despite the presence of an arteriovenous malformation in certain clinical situations. We review the available literature and present an additional patient to make the case for the use of thrombolytics for intraventricular hemorrhage from an arteriovenous malformation.
Revision of the genus Ceratogonia Kolbe, 1899 (Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Diplotaxini)

— The diplotaxine genus Ceratogonia Kolbe, 1899 is revised. Currently, it includes only the species C. bicornuta (Kolbe, 1899), which is redescribed and has its male genitalia figured for the first time. Ceratogonia marshalli (Arrow, 1902) and C. bilaminiceps (Benderitter, 1920) are considered junior subjective synonyms of C. bicornuta. The synonymy of C. kraatzi (Dalla Torre, 1912) with Dichecephala ovata (Fahraeus in Boheman, 1857) is confirmed. Lectotype and paralectotype designations are provided for following species: Apogonia (Ceratogonia) bicornuta, A. (C.) marshalli and A. ovata. Neotype is designated for A. (C.) kolbei Kraatz, 1899.
Spaces of Encounter: Public Bureaucracy and the Making of Client Identities

Abstract In this article I analyze the intertwining of cultural narratives, identity stereotypes, and the material environment as these factors shape public service negotiations between clients and officials. I emphasize the material deficits, spatial barriers, and bureaucratic procedures that restrict the storylines clients and officials use to make sense of one another. This article is drawn from a two-year ethnographic study with African American young mothers (ages 16–20) under the custody of the child welfare system. I focus here on the experiences of one young mother and explore several scenarios in her struggle to obtain public housing. I argue that service deficits can be explained not by the commonly articulated narratives of client “shortcomings” but, rather, by the nature of the organizational and material conditions guiding exchanges between public service gatekeepers and young mothers. I suggest that this work advances narrative approaches to psychological anthropology by attending to the roles of social and material boundaries in framing the stories people can tell each other. [identity, adolescent mothers, public bureaucracy, service negotiation, narrative]
Zero‐Inflated Count Time Series

This articles describes an observation-driven approach to modeling univariate time series of counts that have an overabundance of zeros. A series of daily counts of excess pollution levels observed at air monitoring stations in and around Houston, TX is used to illustrate the ideas. Keywords: discrete time series; expectation-maximization; generalized linear model; zero-inflation
Designed Simulation Experiments, Part 2: DOE for the Digital Age

This paper illustrates successful ways in which conventional design of experiments (DOE), as developed during previous DOE eras, has been modified and expanded for successful application to the design and analysis of simulation experiments (DASE). DASE supports development of software-centric systems, using a complex, fast-evolving simulation for sample collection. A companion paper (Part 1) illustrates specific problems in attempting to follow previously standardized DOE principles and methods within DASE, and this paper suggests solutions to those problems.
COMPARISON OF EARLY RETIREES AND NON‐RETIREES

A group of 250 early retirees and a similar group of 422 nonretired Civil Service employees were compared on demographic, experience and job attitude variables. Consistent with earlier published studies, demographic, health, and income variables accounted for approximately three times as much variance in the retirement status variable as did the motivational and attitudinal variables. Retirees reported that their jobs afforded less Autonomy, Skill Variety, Opportunity to Deal with Others, and less intrinsic satisfaction, but more Feedback from Others relative to nonretirees. Analysis of the demographic variables indicated retirees were more likely to be female, have less financial commitments, and have had more jobs in their career. It is suggested that the retirement decision may represent a positive attempt on the part of individuals to pursue more challenging, interesting activities, and that longitudinal research be initiated to explore in more detail the determinants of the retirement decision and subsequent retirement satisfaction.
The evolution of monolithic and polylithic interconnect technology

Monolithic interconnect technology has evolved rapidly over the past four decades in order to keep pace with advances in transistor density and performance. Optimal reverse scaling, integrated architectures for global signal, power and clock distribution networks of a heterogeneous system-on-a-chip, 3D integration and microphotonic interconnects offer promising approaches to satisfy future stringent monolithic interconnect requirements of GSI. Polylithic integration featuring batch processing of high density chip input/output interconnects and high density printed wiring board interconnects is projected as an increasingly important feature of future gigascale microsystems.
Interferon-γ Induces Major Histocompatibility Class II Transactivator (CIITA), Which Mediates Collagen Repression and Major Histocompatibility Class II Activation by Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells

Chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis is responsible for plaque instability through alterations in extracellular matrix. Previously, we demonstrated that major histocompatibility class II (MHC II) transactivator (CIITA) in a complex with regulatory factor for X box 5 (RFX5) is a crucial protein mediating interferon (IFN)-gamma-induced repression of collagen type I gene transcription in fibroblasts. This article demonstrates that, in smooth muscle cells (SMCs), IFN-gamma dramatically increases the expression of CIITA isoforms III and IV, with no increase in expression of CIITA isoform I. Expression of CIITA III and IV correlates with decreased collagen type I and increased MHC II gene expression. Exogenous expression of CIITA I, III, and IV, in transiently transfected SMCs, represses collagen type I promoters (COL1A1 and COL1A2) and activates MHC II promoter. Levels of CIITA and RFX5 increase in the nucleus of cells treated with IFN-gamma. Moreover, simvastatin lowers the IFN-gamma-induced expression of RFX5 and MHC II in addition to repressing collagen expression. However, simvastatin does not block the IFN-gamma-induced expression of CIITA III and IV, suggesting a CIITA-independent mechanism. This first demonstration that RFX5 and CIITA isoforms are expressed in SMCs after IFN-gamma stimulation suggest that CIITA could be a key factor in plaque stability in atherosclerosis.