cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of [H+]o on42K-exchange in sartorius muscle treated with barium or 9-aminoacridine

42K-exchange in resting frog sartorius muscle was altered markedly by changes in [H+]o. Elevated [H+]o depressed the rate of42K-uptake and increased the rate constant of42K-loss. In addition, [K+]i was decreased. By contrast, elevated [H+]o depressed both the uptake and rate of loss of22Na and had no effect on [Na+]i. Similarly, [Ca++]i and [Mg++]i were unaffected by changes in [H+]o. The blockade of42K-exchange by 9-aminoacridine (9AA), but not that caused by Ba++, was sensitive to changes in [H+]o was resistant to blockade by 9AA. There was a good correspondence between the uptake and loss of 9AA by muscles as a function of [H+]o and the sensitivity of42K-exchange to blockade by 9AA. The uptake of 9AA was retarded and the loss of 9AA accelerated by elevation of [H+]o.
The Importance of Convenience in Consumer Purchasing

Both commodity and convenience costs influence consumer patronage. One key to understanding shopping behavior is the increased importance consumers are attaching to convenience considerations. The ...
In vitro and in vivo radioautography in recognition and localization of gastric cancer.

Conclusion1) A technic of in vivo gastric radioautography is described, employing a balloon (condom) coated with a photosensitive emulsion. Its use in recognition of gastric cancer is outlined.2) The method served to identify correctly and uniformly the presence of gastric malignancy. There have been no false negatives. The only false positives observed have been in healing gastric ulcers; the nature of this discrepancy needs to be resolved by a larger experience and continued study of the problem.
Trends in Hospitalizations with Antibiotic-Resistant Infections: U.S., 1997-2006

Objectives. Antibiotic resistance is a significant global problem, but the trends in prevalence and impact of antibiotic resistance in hospitalizations in the United States are unclear. We evaluated the trends in hospitalizations associated with antibiotic-resistant infections in U.S. hospitals from 1997 to 2006. Methods. We analyzed the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) during 1997–2006 (unweighted n53.3 million hospitalizations; weighted n5370.3 million hospitalizations) and examined trends in prevalence of hospitalizations with antibiotic-resistant infections, length of stay, and discharge status. results. The number of infection-related hospitalizations with antibiotic resistance increased 359% during the 10-year period, from 37,005 in 1997 to 169,985 in 2006. The steepest rise was seen among individuals 18 years of age. The mean age of individuals with infection-related hospitalizations that had antibiotic-resistant infections decreased substantially, from 65.7 years (standard error [SE] 5 2.01) in 1997 to 44.2 years (SE51.47) in 2006. As the proportion of patients with antibiotic-resistant infections who did not have insurance increased, the length of stay for those hospitalizations had a corresponding decrease (r50.91, p0.01). conclusions. Antibiotic-resistant infections are becoming increasingly commonplace in hospitalizations in the U.S., with a steady upward trend between 1997 and 2006. Antibiotic-resistant infections are increasingly being seen in younger patients and those without health insurance.
Astroglial Scarring and Seizures A Cell Biological Perspective on Epilepsy

Epilepsy is among the most prevalent chronic neurological diseases and affects an estimated 2.2 million people in the United States alone. About one third of patients are resistant to currently available antiepileptic drugs, which are exclusively targeting neuronal function. Yet, reactive astrocytes have emerged as potential contributors to neuronal hyperexcitability and seizures. Astrocytes react to any kind of CNS insult with a range of cellular adjustments to form a scar and protect uninjured brain regions. This process changes astrocyte physiology and can affect neuronal network function in various ways. Traumatic brain injury and stroke, both conditions that trigger astroglial scar formation, are leading causes of acquired epilepsies and surgical removal of this glial scar in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy can alleviate the seizures. This review will summarize the currently available evidence suggesting that epilepsy is not a disease of neurons alone, but that astrocytes, glial cells in the brain, can be major contributors to the disease, especially when they adopt a reactive state in response to central nervous system insult.
Restraining Countermeasure of Conductive Interference in Marine Variable Frequency Speed Regulation System

Consider to the characteristic of conductive interference in marine variable frequency speed regulation system,the restraining countermeasures of conduction interference from the different stage of equipment designing and sample machine manufacture was analyzed.For the more,these countermeasures were applied successfully in the factual production.
Current Situation of First-aid Knowledge Among the Students of a Middle School in Longhui County

Objective To investigate the awareness rate of first-aid knowledge and its influencing factors among the middle school students,and to provide the evidence for guiding first-aid knowledge education and its strategy-making in middle schools. Methods With the self-designed questionnaires,a cross-sectional investigation about first-aid knowledge was conducted among all the students of a middle school from November,2008 and January,2009.And the data were sorted and statistically analyzed by Excel and SPSS for windows 16.0. Results The awareness rate of first-aid knowledge in boys was higher than that of girls.The older the age,the higher the awareness rate of first-aid knowledge.The higher the parents' educational level,the higher the children's awareness rate of first-aid knowledge. Conclusions The awareness rate of first-aid knowledge is different among the middle school students.There are statistically significant differences in the awareness rate of first-aid knowledge among the students with different genders and different grades.The educational background of the parents shows significant influence on the scores of first-aid knowledge.Schools should adopt the targeted way to develop the education about first-aid knowledge so as to improve middle school students' first-aid knowledge.
Reaction Pathways and Intermediates in Selective Ring Opening of Biomass-Derived Heterocyclic Compounds by Iridium

While the catalytic hydrogenolysis of biomass-derived aromatic cyclic compounds to functionalized long chain alcohols and polyols has been known for decades, the factors that control the selectivity remain either unknown or controversial. Previous reports have hypothesized full ring saturation of the aromatic ring is necessary prior to hydrogenolysis. Contradictorily, recent studies have shown hydrogenolysis occurs prior to the saturation of the conjugated bonds. Furthermore, it has been assumed the functional groups present are fully reduced prior to hydrogenolysis; however, this has not been shown a priori. In order to resolve these controversies, we combine density functional theory and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) to probe the catalytic hydrogenolysis of saturated and unsaturated heterocyclic molecules (furan, furfural, furfuryl alcohol, and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol) on iridium. Our results reveal that full saturation of the aromatic ring is not only unnecessary but lea...
Differences in the Association of Nocturia and Functional Outcomes of Sleep by Age and Gender: A Cross-sectional, Population-based Study.

Abstract Purpose Nocturia is associated with poor sleep quality; however, little is known about the relationship between nocturia and sleep quality across different workforce-relevant age groups of adults. This has implications for developing new treatment strategies that are well tolerated across populations. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study involving merged data from the 2005–2006 and 2007–2008 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants responded to validated questions on nocturia frequency and sleep from the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire General Productivity subscale (FOSQ-gp, range 1–4). Analyses included multivariable linear regression with stratification by gender to examine associations between nocturia frequency (higher worse) and the FOSQ-gp scores (lower scores indicating worse daytime function related to sleep disturbance). Findings Of 10,512 adults aged ≥20 years who completed the survey, 9148 (87%) had complete nocturia and FOSQ-gp data. The population age-adjusted prevalence of nocturia at least twice nightly was 21.1% among men and 26.6% among women ( P P 65 years) with greater nocturia frequency reported worse FOSQ-gp scores compared with younger adults with similar nocturia frequency ( P Implications In a population-based sample of community-dwelling men and women, the association between nocturia and worsened functional outcomes of sleep was greater among adults older than 65 years—a group more vulnerable to drug side effects, and in whom nocturia is typically multifactorial. Additionally, these analyses found that the association between nocturia and functional outcomes of sleep is stronger with increasing age among men. Effective treatment strategies that are well tolerated by older adults, such as multicomponent treatments that simultaneously address the combined effects of lower urinary tract and sleep dysfunction, are needed.
Genesis Revisited: Murian Musings on the Lynn White, Jr. Debate

In "The Historical Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis," published in Science in 1967, Lynn White, Jr. laid the blame for the 20th century's environmental malaise at the door of the Judeo-Christian tradition.2 Whatever the merits of White's manifest argument (which I take up in due course), he implicitly set the theoretical agenda for a future environmental philosophy. Broad patterns of human behavior do not arise in an intellectual vacuum, he reminded us. Adequately to understand the environmental crisis, we must first exhume and critically evaluate the ideas of nature, human nature, and the proper relationship between people and nature embedded in our inherited world view. They provide a theater for our actions, an archetypal image or ideal of what it means to be human, and the associated values that we human beings aspire to realize.3 The dire exigencies of the environmental crisis mandate, moreover, radical change in broad patterns of human behavior in respect to nature. What ideas of nature, human nature, and the relationship between the two might we postulate to facilitate a lasting rapprochement between people and the natural environment? So stated, the dual problematique-critical and speculative-of environmental philosophy seems clear and direct. But such a simple statement of the enterprise skates blithely over not a few patches of thin ice. Though certainly ideas influence behavior, obviously they do not determine it. And, given the
Older patients have increased risk of poor outcomes after low-velocity pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions.

BACKGROUND Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are a leading cause of injury in the US. While the probability of collision with a pedestrian (PMVC) has declined in recent years, the probability of a pedestrian fatality has risen. Our objective was to determine whether older age impacts potential outcomes in patients involved in low-velocity PMVCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective-cohort study of adult patients aged >14 years involved in low-velocity pedestrian-MVCs (<15 miles per hour [24.14 km/h]), presenting to an urban level I trauma center from January to November 2013. Subjects were identified via trauma registry and stratified: ages 15-49 years and ≥50 years. Electronic medical records were reviewed for demographics, vital signs, and laboratory results on initial presentation, presence or absence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), shock index (SI), injury-severity score (ISS), length of stay (LOS), and survival to discharge. For statistical analysis, χ2 or Student's t-tests were utilized. RESULTS Our study included 145 patients (77 female) with a mean age of 41.9±3 years; 95 patients were aged 15-49 years (mean 31.9±2.2 years), and 50 patients were aged ≥50 years or older (mean 62.44±2.9 years). Mean ISS was 10.05±1.95, mean SI was 0.68±0.03, and mean LOS was 3.67±0.57 days. A total of 41 patients met SIRS criteria on arrival, and nine patients expired (6.2%). Mean ISS (15.64±4.42 vs 7.1±1.64, P<0.001) and mean SI (0.75±0.07 vs 0.65±0.03, P=0.002) were higher in patients aged ≥50 years. Mean LOS was longer in older patients (5.22±1.14 vs 2.85±0.58 days, P<0.001). Older age was associated with SIRS on arrival (P=0.023) and associated with mortality (P=0.004). CONCLUSION Age ≥50 years is associated with greater severity of injury and poor outcomes for patients involved in low-velocity PMVCs. Increased clinical attention and resource allocation should be directed toward older patients after low-velocity PMVCs.
Modulation of Alzheimer's amyloid β peptide oligomerization and toxicity by extracellular Hsp70

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to dementia caused by advanced neuronal dysfunction and death. The most significant symptoms of AD are observed at late stages of the disease when interventions are most likely too late to ameliorate the condition. Currently, the predominant theory for AD is the “amyloid hypothesis,” which states that abnormally increased levels of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides result in the production of a variety of aggregates that are neurotoxic. The specific mechanisms for Aβ peptide-induced cytotoxicity have not yet been completely elucidated. However, since the majority of Aβ is released into the extracellular milieu, it is reasonable to assume that toxicity begins outside the cells and makes its way inside where it disrupts the basic cellular process resulting in cell death. There is increasing evidence that hsp, particularly Hsp70, are exported into the extracellular milieu by an active export mechanism independent of cell death. Therefore, both Aβ peptides and Hsp70 may coexist in a common environment during pathological conditions. We observed that Hsp70 affected the Aβ assembling process in vitro preventing oligomer formation. Moreover, the presence of Hsp70 reduced the Aβ peptide-induced toxicity of cultured neurons (N2A cells). These results suggest a potential mechanism for the reduction of the detrimental effects of Aβ peptides in AD.
Volume capnography: A narrative review

Volume capnography is the graph of expired carbon dioxide concentration against the expired volume. It often requires special and bulky equipment to be recorded. It can be used to estimate the dead space with fair amount of precision. Various formulae and equations have been described to estimate the dead space. While the Bohr formula is likely the most accurate for measurement of dead space, the Enghoff's equation is likely the most popular and convenient to use. Volume capnography has found uses in both the operating room (OR) and the Intensive Care Unit setting. It can be used to identify the optimal level of positive end-expiratory pressure in patients suffering from the acute respiratory distress syndrome as well as to identify its effect on the ventilation. In the OR, it can be invaluable to monitor ventilation and alveolar recruitment in the obese population. It is also a useful diagnostic adjunct in medical emergencies like pulmonary embolism. In the pediatric population, it finds uses in the monitoring of infants suffering from bronchiolitis. In spite of its multiple and diverse uses, it remains an underutilized technology; the main reasons for this being lack of experience of the providers with volume capnography and the expensive and bulky equipment that is often required. However, volume capnography has a great deal of potential and with further advances in technology, is likely to gain popularity.
Pathophysiology of Tinnitus and Evidence-Based Options for Tinnitus Management

Tinnitus is the perception of sound that has no source outside of the head – it is a “phantom” sound. A great many people experience chronic tinnitus, which can be problematic to different degrees....
Polyetheretherketone Overlay Prosthesis over High Noble Ball Attachments to Overcome Base Metal Sensitivity: A Clinical Report

A modified polyetheretherketone (PEEK) framework material in combination with heat-polymerized denture base acrylic resin was used for the fabrication of an overlay prosthesis for a patient sensitive to base metals. High noble metal was used for the fabrication of the post/coping/ball attachment assemblies to promote retention and stability. These protruding attachments into the acrylic resin could result in stress concentration; therefore, a framework is often used to strengthen the prosthesis. PEEK frameworks could be a treatment alternative to high noble or Ti frameworks since they combine good mechanical properties with biocompatibility, reduced cost, and common laboratory procedures.
Severe Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis With Significantly Elevated Ferritin Levels in an Immunocompetent Host in Pennsylvania: A Case Report:

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is a tick-borne, infectious disease caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum that generally presents with nonspecific symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, mala...
How Effective Is Resource Stabilization Fund in a Mono-product Economy?:

In managing a mono-product economy, the Nigerian government expenditure patterns follow revenue patterns in cycles of boom and bust in crude oil prices. Thus, fiscal policy becomes procyclical, whi...
Spoiler effects in proportional representation systems: evidence from eight Polish parliamentary elections, 1991–2015

I consider a model of multiple winner elections with several types of spoilers. In single-office elections, a “classic” spoiler turns a winner into a non-winner and a non-winner into a winner. Such spoilers rarely appear in multi-office elections. In such elections, spoilers include a “Kingmaker”, who turns a non-winner into a winner; a “Kingslayer”, who turns a winner into a non-winner; a “Valuegobbler”, who subtracts from some competitor more seats than it receives; and “Selfspoilers”, who may be hurt by competing separately rather than creating an electoral coalition. Various strategic spoilers, such as fake parties, are possible as well. I look for spoilers in eight Polish parliamentary elections that have taken place since the fall of communism in 1989. In two elections, the consequences of spoilers were massive. In 1993, multiple spoilers on the right helped the two post-communist parties return to power, slow down decommunization and create strong institutional obstacles to further democratization. In 2015, a spoiler manufactured a majority for the largest party (PiS) and, as a consequence, enabled PiS quickly to implement radical reforms. In other elections, spoilers had smaller, but noticeable consequences. The results suggest that parliamentary elections using PR party-list systems are vulnerable to spoiler problems that may cause significant political effects.
Resonances in Bimolecular Chemical Reactions

Abstract The existence of reactive resonances has long been predicted based on theoretical quantum reaction dynamics. Although many aspects of the theoretical modeling of such resonances are understood, it has remained an open question as to how resonance phenomena may be observed in a molecular beam experiment. Many of the simple ideas for resonance signatures are based on the idealization of the isolated narrow resonance, which generally does not apply to reactive resonances. Due to the occurrence of impact parameter averaging, the resonant scattering becomes smeared over broad ranges of collision energy making it difficult to distinguish between direct and complex scattering mechanisms. In this article, recent advances in the study of short-lived reactive resonances are reviewed. The imprint of resonances upon dynamical observables is discussed. Three case studies are presented for simple triatomic systems that are believed to exhibit resonance phenomena: F + HD → D + HF , H + HD → D + H 2 , and F + HCl → Cl + HF . It is seen that reactive resonances do strongly influence collision observables, but in a different way for each case. At this stage, there does not appear to be a unique resonance signature that can be applied to all reactions.
Surgical therapy of the short bowel syndrome.

SUMMARY Patients with the short bowel syndrome should be managed initially by giving total parenteral nutrition and by maximizing the function of the remaining intestine. Enteral feedings should be instituted as soon as the patient stabilizes, usually after 2 to 4 weeks. The gastric hypersecretion that accompanies the syndrome can usually be controlled with an H2-receptor blocker. In those patients who fail to recover adequate digestion and absorption after 6 months to 1 year, operations to improve absorption should be considered. The reversed intestinal segment and the intestinal lengthening procedures are most often employed, but neither type of operation can be recommended without reservation. Newer procedures, such as growing new intestinal mucosa on serosal patches, intestinal pacing, and intestinal transplantation may play a role in future therapies. At present, long-term parenteral nutrition remains the cornerstone of therapy.
Microscopic Liquid Crystal Theory of Nematic Reentrance, Smectic C Ordering, and In-Plane Domain Formation

The frustrated spin-gas model with dipolar, van der Waals, and benzene-ring steric interactions is studied by Monte Carlo. Reentrant phase diagrams are obtained, with the sequence nematic-smectic Ad-nematic-smectic A1-smectic C. The reentrance mechanism is in terms of interpenetrating order and disorder. Layer tilting is found to be due to permeation-rotation lock-in. The smectic A1 and C phases occur in two versions, one pointing to in-plane domain formation. The phase diagrams are obtained by adapting the Lindemann melting criterion. Layer thicknesses, tilts, specific heats, and dimer concentrations are evaluated. The model explains three types of smectic C phases distinguished by tilt saturation. Results qualitatively agree with experiments.
The Foundations of Political Ambition at the Intersections of Race and Gender

Political ambition is a central component of many aspects of political life, particularly for issues of competition and representation. Its effects are far reaching – political ambition shapes the behavior of legislators (Herrick and Moore 1993), influences aggregate electoral outcomes (Jacobson and Kernell 1983), and serves to counter extremism (Madison 1788). In short, political ambition is a necessary and desirable aspect of fostering a competitive electoral atmosphere and a thriving democracy. Yet, although political ambition is an exceptionally important factor in a candidate’s decision to run for office (Schlesinger 1966; Black 1972; Moncrief, Squire and Jewell 2001), we know surprisingly little about how the formation of ambition influences strategic considerations of office seeking for candidates from different social groups.
EMI Study on Control Implementation in PEBB-based Converter

A Power Electronics Building Block (PEBB) can be viewed and used as the basic power conversion unit in larger scale power electronics conversion systems. However, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) emission does not inherent the modularity. Connecting multiple PEBBs in series brings more EMI noise sources and propagation paths comparing to operating a single PEBB. The generated noise may affect the operation of the converter, including the function of the digital control system. This paper evaluates the EMI issue in the control implementation of a SiC-PEBB-based converter and identifies the critical EMI prorogation path. An EMI containment strategy is proposed and implemented to effectively suppress the noise and ensure the function of the digital control system.
Conversion of particle size distribution data from mass to number-based and its application to biomass processing

Standard sieving analysis is a simple and common method for determining the mass-based particle size distributions of systems with high polydispersity. Conversion of mass-based particle size distributions to finite number of particles having different sizes (number-based particle size distribution) is required in order to predict the physical characteristics of a polydisperse system or to investigate the behaviour of such a system with computational models that consider the impact of individual particles during large-scale processing. A general method for this conversion from size distribution to number of particles is developed here, that determines the minimal total number of particles that is required for capturing a broad particle size distribution, and identifies the factors that impact the generated mass-based size distribution. As an example, this algorithm is utilised for semi-crystalline biomass particles to demonstrate the effect of different algorithm parameters on the dissolution behaviour of this highly polydisperse system. Both the upper and lower limits of the particle size have an important impact on the physical characteristics of the generated polydisperse system. Considering a low value for the lower limit (minimum particle diameter) causes coarser particles not to be captured well, while considering a very high value for the upper limit results in fine particles not being present in the system. The proposed method and the obtained insights are useful in the numerical non-continuum (discrete) population modelling of polydisperse systems undergoing changes that are physical (e.g., dissolution, drying), chemical (e.g., combustion, gasification), or biological (e.g., enzymatic hydrolysis).
Introduction: The Institutes of Justinian

Justinian (482–565 BC), a Roman Emperor residing in Constantinople with the strong desire to re-unite the Roman Empire with Rome as its capital, ordered a new body of law, called the Corpus Iuris Civilis, long before the diversification between Civil- and Common Law. He wanted to establish a re-ordering of centuries old Roman Law, to eliminate what was no longer effective in the prevailing discourse of law, and to initiate a Code which could function as the sole source of (legal) authority. The first three books of that Code were on Persons, Things, and Obligations. This division in the internal order of legal issues survived millennia; its force of power was in effect until the end of the 10th century and is still in shape when legal thought patterns are at issue. No wonder, that semiotic legal studies accepted this ordering of facts, as the Editorial 6 underlines.
Fertility Intentions and Perspectives on Contraceptive Involvement Among Low-Income Men Aged 25 to 55.

Context Unintended pregnancy is disproportionately reported by low-income individuals in the United States, and studies of men's roles in preventing pregnancy have largely focused on adolescents and young adults. Less is known about the pregnancy-related attitudes and behaviors among men older than 24, who are involved in the majority of pregnancies ending in a birth. Methods Between December 2015 and August 2016, in-depth interviews were conducted with 26 low-income men in Alabama who were aged 25-55, were sexually active and did not want more children. Interviews explored men's reasons for not wanting more children, their contraceptive knowledge and attitudes, and their involvement in contraceptive decision making. Transcripts were examined using content analysis to identify themes related to men's perspectives about preventing pregnancy and using contraceptives. Results Participants' motivations to prevent a pregnancy centered primarily on their age and financial circumstances. Most men had limited contraceptive knowledge and perceived their risk of causing a pregnancy to be low, regardless of method use. Few men engaged in decisions about contraceptive use, despite their beliefs that men and women had a shared responsibility to prevent pregnancy. Although some men were interested in vasectomy, a few were hesitant about undergoing the procedure because they might want to have children later if their life circumstances changed, and others worried that vasectomy might affect sexual performance. Conclusions Some low-income adult men were uncertain about their pregnancy desires, and many lacked contraceptive knowledge that would help them avoid unwanted pregnancy. Research is needed to identify the types of programs that could effectively promote men's constructive engagement in preventing pregnancies over their reproductive life course.
Fast Stochastic Block Partitioning using a Single Commodity Machine

Network (graph) is a powerful way of representing the relationship among different kinds of entities in a socio-technical system. Network partitioning is a problem that has its applications in social networking, traffic and communication networks, biological networks, etc. Exact partitioning of a network is an NP-hard problem. There exist different state-of-the-art relaxation techniques for approximating network partitioning with varying accuracy. However, with the exponential growth of information technology and social media, the sizes of real-world networks now have reached millions to billions of vertices and edges. Processing such massive networks require fast and efficient algorithms. A good domain-specific heuristic can make a big change in the execution time of an algorithm while maintaining accuracy in effective sense-making from network data. Stochastic Block Partitioning (SBP) is one of the state-of-the-art relaxation techniques that combines a stochastic model and an information-theoretic approach for network partitioning. An SBP algorithm of sub-quadratic run time complexity is given as the baseline algorithm for MIT GraphChallenge competition, which uses OpenMP based parallelism for scaling. In this work, we improve the performance of the baseline algorithm to several folds for a single (multi-core) commodity machine. We incorporate a refinement of the greedy agglomerative heuristic and modify the OpenMP based parallelism with more programmer-level control to gain up to 10–fold speedup over the baseline algorithm.
Efficient cellular uptake of click nucleic acid modified proteins

Efficient intracellular delivery of biomacromolecules such as proteins continues to remain a challenge despite its potential for medicine. In this work, we show that mScarlet, a non cytotoxic red fluorescent protein (RFP) conjugated to Click Nucleic Acid (CNA), a synthetic analog of DNA, undergo cell uptake significantly more than either native proteins or proteins conjugated with similar amounts of DNA in MDA-MB-468 cells. We further demonstrate that the process of cell uptake is metabolically driven and that scavenger receptors and caveolae mediated endocytosis play a significant role. Co-localization studies using anti-scavenger receptor antibodies suggest that scavenger receptors are implicated in the mechanism of uptake of CNA modified proteins.
Pelvic ring reconstruction with segmental spinal instrumentation after complete type I pelvic resection.

Background and objectives Internal hemipelvectomy is a complex procedure used to treat malignancy that involves the pelvis. Reconstruction of the pelvis after type I or type I/IV resection remains controversial due to high complication rates and debatable functional benefit. Modern reconstruction options may provide a rapid, intuitive, and reliable way to reconstitute the pelvic ring. Methods This is a retrospective case series of four patients who underwent a novel reconstruction method involving computer navigation and segmental spinal instrumentation applied to the pelvis after type I or type I/IV pelvic resection for malignancy between 2015 and 2020. Results Time to ambulation postoperatively ranged from 1 to 7 days, and median length of hospital stay was 8.5 (7.5, 10.5) days. Complications included wound necrosis in two patients that did not require reoperation and wound infection in one patient that required irrigation and debridement. There was no radiographic evidence of hardware loosening or failure on follow-up. Three patients remain alive and two remain disease-free. At most recent follow-up, all patients were able to ambulate and perform activities of daily living. Conclusions The technique for pelvic reconstruction described allows for rapid fixation intraoperatively with few complications and satisfactory functional results in this limited series.
Bartolomé de las Casas’ Critique of War and Vision of Peace

Bartolome de las Casas’ critique of war and vision of peace are central to his thinking and writing. As a secular cleric, after his first conversion, Las Casas condemned the wars of conquest with its enslavement and massacres of the Indigenous inhabitants of Hispaniola and Cuba. As alternatives to the oppressive encomienda system, he produced three reform projects based on peaceful evangelization as the primary reason for the presence of Spaniards in the Indies and on legal recognition of the Indigenous people’s full humanity and their equality as nations. As a Dominican friar, after a second conversion, he penned The Only Way; two decades later, he advocated for the New Laws, which abolished the conquests, encomiendas and slavery. As a bishop, he attempted to enforce the New Laws by wielding the ecclesiastical arm of the Church in his diocese of Chiapa and in his guidelines for confessors. Subsequently, he published eight treatises—on slavery, just war, restitution, imperial sovereignty and royal power. These, and Las Casas’ final trilogy of treatises that addressed evangelization and consent of the governed, constituted his best theo-political thinking and writing. In a last-minute petition to Pope Pius V, Las Casas not only extended his “total remedy” to all of the Indies, but he also exclusively employed the ecclesiastical arm of the Church, viz. the pontiff and the bishops, to effect the needed reform, to uphold his critique of war and to achieve his vision of peace.
Institutions and Entrepreneurship: Pushing the Boundaries

New institutional economics (NIE) and Austrian economics (AE) both emphasize the role that institutions play in facilitating or impeding entrepreneurship and hence economic growth. In this paper, we discuss the complementarities between AE and NIE for advancing our understanding of the relationship between institutions and entrepreneurship. We argue that a subjectivist view of institutions, entrepreneurial microfoundations, and capital heterogeneity can enrich our understanding of within-country variation in entrepreneurial strategies, institutional evolution, and the relationship between institutions and production processes. We hope our discussion serves as an invitation both for further theoretical collaboration between the two camps and as a spur to applied research at the intersection of institutions and entrepreneurship.
Positron emission tomography imaging with 89Zr-labeled anti-CD8 cys-diabody reveals CD8+ cell infiltration during oncolytic virus therapy in a glioma murine model

Determination of treatment response to immunotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a process which can take months. Detection of CD8+ T cell recruitment to the tumor with a noninvasive imaging modality such as positron emission tomography (PET) may allow for tumor characterization and early evaluation of therapeutic response to immunotherapy. In this study, we utilized 89Zr-labeled anti-CD8 cys-diabody-PET to provide proof-of-concept to detect CD8+ T cell immune response to oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) M002 immunotherapy in a syngeneic GBM model. Immunocompetent mice (n = 16) were implanted intracranially with GSC005 GBM tumors, and treated with intratumoral injection of oHSV M002 or saline control. An additional non-tumor bearing cohort (n = 4) receiving oHSV M002 treatment was also evaluated. Mice were injected with 89Zr-labeled anti-CD8 cys-diabody seven days post oHSV administration and imaged with a preclinical PET scanner. Standardized uptake value (SUV) was quantified. Ex vivo tissue analyses included autoradiography and immunohistochemistry. PET imaging showed significantly higher SUV in tumors which had been treated with M002 compared to those without M002 treatment (p = 0.0207) and the non-tumor bearing M002 treated group (p = 0.0021). Accumulation in target areas, especially the spleen, was significantly reduced by blocking with the non-labeled diabody (p < 0.001). Radioactive probe accumulation in brains was consistent with CD8+ cell trafficking patterns after oHSV treatment. This PET imaging strategy could aid in distinguishing responders from non-responders during immunotherapy of GBM.
Treatment description and case series report of a phased music therapy group to support Veteran reintegration

Music therapy is becoming increasingly prevalent in rehabilitation programs serving military and Veteran populations in the United States. Music therapy is integrated into interdisciplinary models ...
This Is Your Brain on Autopilot: Neural Indices of Driver Workload and Engagement During Partial Vehicle Automation.

ObjectiveThis research explores the effect of partial vehicle automation on neural indices of mental workload and visual engagement during on-road driving.BackgroundThere is concern that the introd...
Gene Transfer in Escherichia coli

Recombination includes both the rearrangement of the genetic material in an individual genome and gene transfer, the incorporation of exogenous genetic material into an individual genome. While rearrangement and gene transfer share some molecular processes, their functions are different in most basic ways. Nevertheless, the rarity of phylogenetically distant gene transfer is occasionally compensated for by an increased likelihood of its retention. In bacteria there are three major categories of gene transfer mechanisms: conjugation, transduction, and transformation. All operate in Escherichia coli. The organization of the E. coli chromosome can be seen in three perspectives: the arrangement of genes and basic chromosomal functions in an individual genome, the genetic and structural variation among strains of the species, and the dynamics of DNA exchange. The replacement's ancestry and therefore phylogenetic relationships will be different from those of its unreplaced neighbor. So gene transfer would result in new local phylogenies. In the hypervariable regions, the diversifying selection dominates the local scene: only the most recently separated lines remain identical. This diversification must be due to the new rfb complexes' relatively high frequency of occurrence and retention. The possibility of major recent changes in the rates of intraspecific gene transfer in E. coli seems contradicted by the presence of clonal segments.
Bowel Bypass Syndrome: Gastrointestinal Features

Bowel bypass syndrome is seen in those with chronic diarrhea and malabsorption following a bypass procedure, biliary diversion, or other gastrointestinal (GI) disorders.
The globalisation of technology and the European innovation system

The process of European integration is based not only on a customs union, a common agricultural policy and a single currency, but also on the circulation of knowledge among individual member countries. This concerns not merely the interchange of cultural and social values, but also the belief that economic growth and welfare in Europe is closely linked to the ability to generate and diffuse new technologies. It is therefore not surprising that a major policy concern of governments, business and trade unions is the search for ways to promote scientific and technological activities and to foster innovation in firms.
The radio thermal noise properties of the lower atmosphere

The extension of the practical usage of the radio spectrum to centimeter and millimeter wavelengths is limited by the thermal noise properties of the lower atmosphere. It is the purpose of this paper to outline the theory of tropospheric thermal noise emission, emphasize its dependence upon the absorption and refraction characteristics of the troposphere and, finally, to give estimates of its climatic variation.
An effectively chiral Yukawa model on a lattice

A lattice action for naive fermions is presented which, near a weak-coupling phase transition, can have small massses for the 8 doublers of one chirality while rendering those of opposite chirality much heavier than R. The action is ultra-local and obeys all fundamental principles including exact gauge invariance when gauge fields are included. Analytical calculations have been done for models with both U(1) and SU(2) global symmetries. The same analysis is in reasonable agreement with old simulation results in the Smit-Swift model where the mass of the lightest unwanted doubler remains below R near the weak-coupling transition. The possible relevance of my model toward a non-perturbative formulation of the Standard Model is also discussed.
Combining clauses with various precisions and recalls to produce accurate probabilistic estimates

Statistical Relational Learning (SRL) combines the benefits of probabilistic machine learning approaches with complex, structured domains from Inductive Logic Programming (ILP). We propose a new SRL algorithm, GleanerSRL, to generate the probability that an example is positive within highly-skewed relational domains. In this work, we combine clauses from Gleaner, an ILP algorithm for learning a wide variety of first-order clauses, with the propositional learning technique of support vector machines to learn well-calibrated probabilities. We find that our results are comparable to SRL algorithms SAYU and SAYUVISTA on a well-known relational testbed.
Grant, David M.: Carbon‐13 Magnetic Resonance—An Exquisite NMR Garden of Surprises

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction to NMR at the University of Illinois 2 Carbon-13 Resonance at the University of Utah 3 New Constant Field 13C Instruments 4 Coupled Spin or Multiplet Relaxation Methods 5 Similarities between 13C and Other Less Receptive Nuclei 6 The Directly Bonded 13C13C INADEQUATE Experiment 7 13C Chemical Shift Tensors and Cryogenic Temperatures 8 Chemical Shift Tensors from Powder Samples at Ambient Temperatures 9 NMR Application of Powder Methods in Fossil Fuels 10 The Single Crystal Mechanical Flipper Probe 11 The Theoretical Analysis of Chemical Shift Tensors 12 Biographical Sketch
Chinese Audiences' Preference for, Dependence on, and Gratifications Derived from CCTV 1, Dragon TV and Hunan TV News Programs

This exploratory study sets out to determine the TV news program preference, the gratifications people derive from TV news, the extent to which people are dependent on TV news for information, and the origins of that dependency. The influences of the demographic variables gender, age, income, and education on these three dependent variables were also ascertained. Data were gathered from a convenience sample of adults in the Chinese major cities of Beijing, Shanghai and Changsha who responded to an online survey. The results showed that Chinese audiences prefer to watch the TV news channel closest to them and that they perceive TV news programs as credible. They mainly watch TV as part of their daily routine and to help them keep up with the world. The findings indicate they depend on TV news for information about current affairs, and that their dependence on TV news mainly has social-environmental origins. The results also suggest that gender had a bearing on channel preferences and that TV news dependency and its origins vary with age. Differences exist in media preference, gratifications sought, TV news dependency and dependency origins according to income and education levels. Moreover, significant differences were found among the three cities in terms of the gratifications audiences sought from TV news, dependence on a particular news channel, and the origins of that dependency. The results suggest that the uses and gratifications approach and media dependency theory developed in the west can be applied to explain Chinese TV news audiences’ viewing preferences and behaviors.
Ur phänomen y su transposición:: Benjamin y el Idealismo goetheano

Una lectura de la ‘ Erkenntnis-kritische Vorrede ’ a Ursprung des deutsches Trauerspiels busca determinar en que sentido Benjamin efectua, en la teoria de las ideas alli esbozada, lo que el mismo llamo despues una ‘tranposicion’ del concepto goetheano de Urphanomen . El cotejo con algunos de los naturwissenschaftliche Schriften de Goethe sugiere que ambos autores aventuran una manera de pensar la relacion entre los conceptos de verdad y totalidad a traves de la confrontacion y manipulacion forzosa de las distinciones introducidas por la filosofia critica de Kant. En este sentido sus esbozos logicos y epistemologicos se dejan leer como marcadores de los momentos inaugural y concluyente del proyecto del idealismo aleman.
Purification and properties of a ribonuclease from the excretory gland cells of Stephanurus dentatus

Abstract Ribonuclease (RNase) was isolated and purified from the excretory gland cells of Stephanurus dentatus by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, column chromatography on phosphocellulose and affinity chromatography using 5′-UTP-agarose. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed yeast RNA, cyclic nucleotides, and polynucleotides. Hydrolysis products of RNA and synthetic substrates were analyzed by column chromatography and/or thin-layer chromatography and the results indicated that S. dentatus RNase should be classified as an endoribonuclease (EC 3.1.27.1). Experimentally infected pigs produced antibodies against the RNase as shown by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. The RNase was also secreted by adult worms into an in vitro maintenance medium. The RNase may function in the worm to degrade RNA as a source of nucleotides for metabolic purposes.
Plasma spray synthesis of TiB2-Fe coatings

Abstract A limiting feature of the plasma spray process is the need for the powder to melt during its passage through the plasma flame. It is quite impossible to obtain coatings with materials that are difficult to melt. However, metal borides, particularly titanium boride, are attractive. Because of their high melting point, satisfactory coatings based on these materials have not been achieved. To overcome this problem, a process for making TiB 2 -Fe coatings was studied. The TiB 2 -based coatings were produced by the reaction of ferrotitanium with boron. The TiB 2 formation was first studied by thermal differential analysis and X-ray diffraction. It was observed that TiB 2 is formed at low temperature by an exothermic reaction. The characteristics of the reaction products obtained at different reaction temperatures are described. Agglomeration techniques were used to prepare the reagents: fine powders of ferrotitanium alloy and boron. TiB 2 -Fe coatings were produced by plasma spraying the agglomerated powders. The influence of the plasma spray process parameters and the powder preparation techniques on the coating microstructure is discussed. Thick hard coatings comprising compounds of the reagent materials are produced during spraying by this synergetic process. Such coatings may be suitable for wear resistance applications.
The tissue source and cellular control of the apparent size of androgen binding protein (Abp), a mouse salivary protein whose electrophoretic mobility is under the control of Sex-limited saliva pattern ( Ssp )

Expression of the dominant allele, SspSat the Sex-limited saliva pattern locus in mice results in an alteration of the electrophoretic mobility of a mouse salivary protein from the F (fast) to the S (slow) type [Karn, R. C., et al. (1980). Genetics94:s52; Karn, R. C., et al. (1982). Biochem. Genet.20:493]. We now demonstrate that the protein affected binds androgen and has a basic heterodimeric structure with the subunits connected by disulfide bridging. It is produced in the submaxillary gland where the alteration takes place. The change in electrophoretic mobility from F to S appears to be primarily the result of an increase in the molecular weight of the larger subunit since the isoelectric point changes very little. We discuss the possible causes of the increase in molecular weight.