cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Finding U.S. health data and statistics: A guide for social science researchers

Health data and statistics are important to advance our knowledge of Covid-19, but also to recognize the effects of a pandemic on businesses, the economy, and government policies. Hence, the follow...
U.S. racial and ethnic participation in global clinical trials by therapeutic areas.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE The discussion about health equity in the United States frequently involves concerns over racial and ethnic minority under-representation in clinical trials and particularly in trials conducted in support of product approvals. The FDA has long worked to encourage diverse participation in clinical trials and through its Drug Trials Snapshots (DTS) program, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has moved to make trial demographic data more accessible and transparent. We conducted a demographic study of U.S. participants in clinical trials for FDA-approved new drugs (new molecular entities [NMEs], and original Biologics License Applications [BLAs]) from 2015 to 2019, as reported in DTS database with a purpose of understanding the extent to which U.S.-based trials used to support product approvals represent the racial and ethnic diversity of the U.S. population by therapeutic area. METHODS Participant-level trial data were collected by accessing the FDA electronic common technical document (eCTD), for the applications used to publish each Snapshot. The therapeutic area (TA) for each drug was determined by review division assignment. The demographic data were analysed and compared to U.S. census data. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We examined 102,596 U.S. participants in trials of new drugs that were approved and presented in Drug Trials Snapshots between 2015 and 2019. White participation ranged from 51% in psychiatric trials to 90% in cardiovascular (CV) trials; Black or African American participation ranged from 5% in medical imaging to 45% in psychiatric trials; Asian participation ranged from 0.75% in CV to 4% in dermatologic trials; and Hispanic or Latino participation ranged from 1% in medical imaging to 22% in infectious diseases and gastroenterology trials. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Our data showed variable representation of racial and ethnic minorities across therapeutic areas at the U.S. sites. Blacks or African Americans were represented at or above U.S. census estimates across most therapeutic areas, while Asians and American Indian or Alaska Natives were consistently underrepresented. Hispanic or Latino participation across most therapeutic areas was below U.S. census estimates, however, more variable, and a sizable proportion of data was missing. The next step is a comparison of trial participation based on disease prevalence and epidemiology, which is a more accurate assessment of trial diversity.
Energy Aware Proactive Optimized Link State Routing in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

In this paper we develop a novel energy aware routing approach for mobile ad hoc network (MANET) problems. The approach is based on using Optimized Link State Routing Protocol. Our Energy Aware OLSR labeled as OLSR_EA measures and predicts per-interval energy consumptions using the well-known Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average time series method. We develop a composite energy cost, by considering transmission power consumption and residual energy of each node, and use this composite energy index as the routing metric. Our extensive ns2 simulation experiments show that OLSR_EA substantially prolongs the network lifetime and saves total energy used in MANET. In our experiments we considered different scenarios considering a variety of traffic loads, node mobilities, homogeneous power consumption, and heterogeneous power consumption. Simulation results also confirm that OLSR_EA improves the traffic balance between nodes, and packet delivery ratio in higher node speed. We further develop characteristics of OLSR_EA in power-wise heterogeneous MANET to achieve efficient energy preserving performance.
Stability Analysis of Grid-Forming Converters under dc-side Current Limitation in Primary Frequency Response Regime

Stability of grid-forming converters (GFCs) inter-facing renewable resources in a power system with multiple synchronous generators (SGs) are studied in the context of primary frequency response. The GFCs are divided in two classes based on the control methods class-A: droop control, dispatch-able virtual oscillator control (dVOC), and virtual synchronous machine (VSM); and class-B: matching control. First, averaged phasor models of these GFC classes are developed, which can be seamlessly integrated with positive sequence fundamental frequency planning models. Next, simplified averaged models are derived to study stability of the dc-link voltage of the GFCs under dc-side current limitation in a generic multimachine system during primary frequency response. To that end, sufficiency conditions for stability of both classes and that of instability for class-A GFCs are established. Finally, the proposed stability conditions are verified using detailed switched models of two small systems and phasor models of a4-machine and a16-machine IEEE benchmark systems.
Practical curve fitting and data analysis: software and self-instruction for scientists and engineers

Graphs and models introduction to EZFIT examples - least square straight line weighted regression examples - polynomials and other linear models examples - interpolation nonlinear regression examples - nonlinear regression other applications.
Optimal Algorithms for List Indexing and Subset Rank

Fredman and Saks [1] have proved a Ω(log n/log log n) amortized time lower bound for two problems, List Indexing and Subset Rank, in the cell probe model with logarithmic word size. This paper gives algorithms for both problems that achieve the lower bound on a RAM with logarithmic word size.
Mode of action of the dichloroacetamide antidote BAS 145-138 in corn: II. Effects on metabolism, absorption, and mobility of metazachlor

Abstract The first study in this series demonstrated that the dichloroacetamide antidote BAS 145-138 (BAS) decreased the concentration of metazachlor present in growing tissues, especially in the developing leaves, of corn seedlings. This decrease was attributed to enhanced metabolism, decreased mobility, and decreased absorption of metazachlor. The effects of BAS on metabolism, mobility, and absorption of [ 14 C]metazachlor were investigated further. [ 14 C]Metazachlor was metabolized rapidly in unantidoted corn seedling tissues but metabolism was even more rapid in BAS-treated corn tissues, including the coleoptile, developing leaves, mesocotyl, and roots. Metabolites of [ 14 C]metazachlor were less mobile than the parent. Thus, the previously observed decrease in mobility of 14 C in BAS-treated corn was probably the consequence of enhanced metabolism of [ 14 C]metazachlor to a less mobile form. Metazachlor soil treatments increased subsequent absorption of [ 14 C]metazachlor applied to corn, possibly by inhibiting the normal development of cuticular wax. Thus, the previously observed slight decrease in absorption of [ 14 C]metazachlor in BAS-treated corn could have been the consequence of enhanced metabolism of [ 14 C]metazachlor to a form that did not inhibit the development of cuticular waxes. Wheat was not protected by BAS and also did not show an increased rate of metazachlor metabolism in response to BAS treatment. BAS did not affect glutathione levels but did increase glutathione S -transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) activity in corn. Evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that BAS protects corn from metazachlor by accelerating enzymatic glutathione conjugation of metazachlor.
Sign Language: Psychological and Neural Aspects

This article is reproduced from the previous edition, volume 21, pp. 14071–14075, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
The role of intensity in constraint-induced language therapy for people with chronic aphasia

Background: Studies of intensive aphasia treatments vary widely in terms of treatment focus, in patient population and, in particular, in definition of what is considered “intensive”. Variability makes it difficult to compare among studies and to definitively determine whether more treatment is actually better. Constraint-induced language therapy (CILT) is one treatment that has been successfully replicated at approximately the same dosage with generally positive results.Aims: The current study used a modified multiple baseline design across participants to investigate the administration of CILT at the standard intensive dosage of 30 hours over 2 weeks (CILT-I) compared to a more distributed dosage of 30 hours over 10 weeks (CILT-D).Methods & Procedures: Eight participants with chronic aphasia participated in either CILT-I or CILT-D. Standardised and discourse measures were taken pre- and post-treatment and also 4 weeks after the completion of treatment. Discourse probes were administered after every 6 ho...
Roadside Crosses in Contemporary Memorial Culture

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Holly Everett Year: 2002 Pages: viii + 145 Publisher: University of North Texas Press Prices: $22.95
F-OWL: an inference engine for semantic web

Understanding and using the data and knowledge encoded in semantic web documents requires an inference engine. F-OWL is an inference engine for the semantic web language OWL language based on F-logic, an approach to defining frame-based systems in logic. F-OWL is implemented using XSB and Flora-2 and takes full advantage of their features. We describe how F-OWL computes ontology entailment and compare it with other description logic based approaches. We also describe TAGA, a trading agent environment that we have used as a test bed for F-OWL and to explore how multiagent systems can use semantic web concepts and technology.
Los demonios y los traumas de Luis Arturo Ramos y la tribu de Cortázar

"En una entrevista que le hice al escritor mexicano Luis Arturo Ramos a mediados de los anos ochenta, le pregunte sobre su interes en Cortazar. Al plantear esta pregunta, note una reaccion fisica negativa, como si la mera mencion del autor argentino fuera ofensiva o tal vez un ataque. Y su respuesta verbal fue parecida, negando de forma contundente cualquier presencia de Cortazar; no segui mas esa linea de preguntas y cambiamos de tema..."
A panel discussion on data intensive science: moving towards solutions

Over the past several years, a number of groups, including the National Academy of Engineering, have identified grand challenge problems facing scientists from around the world [1]. While addressing these problems will have global impact, solutions are years away at best – and the next set of challenges are likely to be even harder to solve. Because of the complexity of questions being asked, meeting these challenges requires large, multi-disciplinary teams working closely together for extended periods of time. Enabling this new type of science, involving distributed teams that need to collaborate despite vastly different backgrounds and interests, is the cornerstone of Data Intensive Science.
Consistent generalization of the Møller-Plesset partitioning to open-shell and multiconfigurational SCF reference states in many-body perturbation theory

Abstract The Moller-Plesset partitioning of the many-electron Hamiltonian is generalized for arbitrary open-shell and multiconfigurational SCF reference states. The method has been initially implemented at the second and third orders for two-configuration generalized valence bond reference wavefunctions in which only two electrons are correlated. Potential curves for the hydrogen molecule, lithium hydride and the helium dication agree excellently with full CI results.
Identities in Online Communities: a young woman's critique of cyberculture

Cyberculture has been more celebrated as establishing sites of possibilities than critiqued as a source of limitations for identity representation. Few researchers have explored through in situ interviews and their own online participation how electronic forums may actually prevent young women's representations of themselves in cyberspace. Hence, this inquiry was conducted to answer the question of how cyberculture might impede a young woman's ability to position herself socially in virtual communities. This query was addressed by a case study of a young woman as she navigated cybersites for identity representation in cybercommunities. Through interviews and examinations of the archives of popular cybersites, this article illustrates how sexists, misogynists and trolls marginalized females' participation in cyberculture through rhetorical strategies and graphic representations. Findings from this study provide insight into the kinds of social interactions in online spaces that may influence females' academic participation in both offline and online spaces, and offer implications for shifting gendered power relations.
The dexamethasone suppression test: clinical applications.

Abstract The identification of a subgroup of depressed patients showing pituitary-adrenal disinhibition and the recognition of the pathophysiologic heterogeneity of depression point to the importance of the dexamethasone suppression test. The most clearly valuable application of the test is in monitoring response to treatment of depression. Other potential clinical uses are in diagnosis, treatment selection, and prognosis.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Structural Phase Transitions in RbNO3 and CsNO3

Abstract Structural phase transitions in RbNO 3 and CsNO 3 are studied by molecular dynamics. The simulations are based on the parameter-free potentials calculated from the Gordon–Kim modified electron gas formalism, extended to ionic molecular crystals. The microscopic mechanism of the structural phase transitions in RbNO 3 and CsNO 3 is revealed. It is found that the phase IV–III transition in RbNO 3 and the phase II–I transition in CsNO 3 are initiated by the in-plane and out-of-plane rotations of the NO 3 ions, and the phase III–II–I transitions in RbNO 3 are due to dilation along a trigonal axis of phase III, giving phase II a rhombohedral structure.
Tubular fast-flow reactor studies at high temperatures. 1. Kinetics of the Fe/O2 reaction at 1600°K

Abstract The homogeneous gas phase reaction between Fe and O 2 has been studied in an N 2 bath at 1600°K using an alumina fast-flow reactor contained in a vacuum furnace. The reaction proceeds via Fe + O 2 → FeO + O with a rate coefficient of (3.6 ± 1.4) × 10 −13 ml molecule −1 sec −1 . Evidence has also been obtained for a wall oxidation reaction, for which γ Fe ⩾ 10 −1 .
Plasmodium falciparum merozoite adhesion is mediated by sialic acid.

Abstract The invasion of host red blood cells byPlasmodium falciparummerozoites is a complex process requiring multiple receptor-ligand interactions. Glycophorin A, a sialic acid-rich integral membrane protein, is an important RBC receptor for merozoites. We stably expressed glycophorin A in wild type Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and in Lec 2 CHO cells which have a defect in the ability to sialylate proteins. Malaria merozoites were assessed for the ability to adhere to CHO cells that were either untransfected or expressed recombinant glycophorin A. Merozoites only adhered to wild type CHO cells and they did so irrespective of the expression of glycophorin A. These results suggest that cellular adhesion, the earliest event in the malaria invasion process, is mediated by sialic acid residues. This model system will provide valuable molecular information regarding early events in the malaria invasion process.
First occurrence of a tyrannosaurid dinosaur from the Mesaverde Group (Neslen Formation) of Utah: Implications for upper Campanian Laramidian biogeography

Abstract Although upper Campanian dinosaur assemblages are well-known from Alberta, Montana, southern Utah, and New Mexico, specimens from Wyoming and central and eastern Utah are very rare. This area constitutes a biogeographic break between northern and southern biogeographic provinces, so any specimens from this region are critical to understanding the origin, evolution, and limits of upper Campanian biogeographic zones on the west margin of the Western Interior Seaway. We report the discovery of a theropod dinosaur partial hindlimb from the Book Cliffs area northeast of Green River, Utah. The specimen was recovered from the Palisade coal zone in the Neslen Formation (Mesaverde Group), which is dated to the mid-Campanian based on ammonite biostratigraphy and radioisotopic age constraints. The specimen, comprising a partial fibula, the distal half of metatarsal II, a complete metatarsal IV, and a partial metatarsal V, can be assigned to Tyrannosauridae based on a number of synapomorphies, including a bipartite iliofibularis tubercle on the fibula and a teardrop shaped articular surface for metatarsal III on the medial surface of the distal portion of metatarsal IV. This is the first unambiguous tyrannosaurid dinosaur reported from the Mesaverde Group and represents an important biogeographic record situated between northern and southern upper Campanian vertebrate assemblages. Specifically, we identify morphological evidence on the pes that separates northern (Montana and Alberta) and southern (southern Utah and New Mexico) tyrannosaurid dinosaurs, and suggests that the Book Cliffs specimen belongs to the northern group. This implies that either the biogeographic boundary between the northern and southern Campanian assemblages lies somewhere between central and southern Utah or that the Book Cliffs taxon represents a northern emigrant in the southern assemblage.
Oscillating laser-production of particulates in a Cs/D2 vapor

Abstract Strongly-oscillating production of micron-sized particulates is observed in a vapor mixture of Cs (≈1 torr) and D2 (≈20 torr) when the mixture is excited by a focused 0.1 W cw laser beam at wavelength within ±0.03 A from the 6010.49 A Cs(6P 1 2 → 8D3/2) transition. The oscillating period in the range observed (0.1 to 10 s) varies like [Cs]−2[D2]−1.
Postpartum sterilization: small incision, big complication.

CASE: A 47-year-old postmenopausal woman presented to the emergency department of an outside hospital with acute-onset right lower quadrant pain. She reported cramping, dull pain that began the previous day and gradually increased in intensity. She denied fever or chills, urinary symptoms, and abnormal vaginal discharge. She did note nausea, anorexia, and constipation for which she had taken an over-the-counter laxative. The pain was relieved by narcotic analgesics. She had undergone menopause approximately 1 year before, was sexually active, and had no history of sexually transmitted diseases. She had had two uncomplicated, full-term vaginal deliveries and a postpartum bilateral tubal ligation 10 years previously. She had no chronic medical problems and had undergone no other surgical procedures.
The Activities of the London Missionary Society in South Africa, 1806-1836: An Assessment

Seemingly oblivious to outside pressure and censure, the present-day Nationalist government of South Africa remains firmly wedded to a policy of separate development, known as apartheid, for its white and nonwhite populations. Criticism from abroad is inevitably parried with the assertion that South Africa has its own means of dealing with questions of race, based on more than 300 years of historical experience. Traditionally this attitude has been upheld and shared by South African historians, particularly by those of Dutch extraction, who comb South Africa's past in search of material to justify the prejudices and policies of today. “History,” writes a contemporary South African historian, “has become a tool to perpetuate the laager mentality of a minority group embattled forever against British imperialists, missionaries, Kaffirs, Communists, liberals, and the world in general” (Patterson 1957, p. 37). More specifically, South Africa's current inflexible position on apartheid may be related to events that took place in the early part of the nineteenth century. During this period, British efforts to bring about the “equalization” of the native peoples led to the “first clash of significance” between the British and the Afrikaners (Van Jaarsveld 1964, p. 8), as the descendants of the Dutch Boers call themselves; and because the agents of the London Missionary Society at the Cape and in England agitated for many of the reforms introduced by the home government in its South African colony, the Afrikaners have held them responsible for setting in motion the events leading to the Great Trek of 1836.
Rare gas complexes in tungsten

Abstract Specific helium-tungsten defect configurations suggested by Kornelsen to result from ion implantation following irradiation have been calculated. The calculations are atomistic in nature; those interatomic potentials involving the rare gases were determined from fist principles. The divacancy is found to be most stable in the second-neighbor configuration in the pure W lattice, but energetically prefers first-neighbors if it contains a Kr atom. We obtain good agreement with the experimental activation energies although we find certain configurations to differ slightly from those suggested by Kornelsen.
Impact of all oral anti-hepatitis C virus therapy: A meta-analysis.

AIM: To investigate the efficacy, safety, and cost of treatment of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) with and without peg interferon alfa2a (P), and/or ribavirin (R) in treating hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 patients. METHODS: MEDLINE was searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) using DAAs for HCV treatment. Phase 1 trials and studies with investigational drugs on genotype 2 or 3, and on human immunodeficiency virus patients were excluded. Data were pooled for sustained virologic response (SVR), serious adverse effects, and drug discontinuation rate on various treatment arms in trials: P + R; 1st generation DAA (telaprevir or boceprevir) + P + R; 2nd generation DAA (sofosbuvir or simeprevir) + P + R; 2nd generation DAA + R; two 2nd generation DAA + R; and two 2nd gen DAA. Data were analyzed separately for each arm for treatment naive and non-responders (NR) to previous treatment. The cost of treatment with each regimen for achieving one SVR was also compared. RESULTS: Twenty three RCTs (n = 9354, 62% male, 11% cirrhosis) were analyzed. All oral (P free) regimens with combination of 2 DAA achieved SVR above 95%. The cost of treatment to achieve an SVR with DAA based regimens was lower for NR compared to P+R regimen. However, the cost per SVR remained higher for treatment naive patients. CONCLUSION: Second generation and emerging DAAs are promising agents in HCV treatment, with a very high level of safety and efficacy. An important drawback is their high cost. However, the present meta-analysis shows that the cost per SVR for non responders (but not for naive patients) was lower compared to P + R. This finding together with the superior safety profile and better compliance makes these drugs highly attractive. It is possible that further reduction in treatment duration may make them even more cost effective.
Three-choice discrimination among (+)-amphetamine, fenfluramine and saline in pigeons ☆

Five pigeons were trained to discriminate among (+)-amphetamine (AMPH; 1.7 or 3.0 mg/kg), fenfluramine (FEN; 5.6 or 10 mg/kg), and saline using a three-choice drug discrimination procedure. The results of the study demonstrated that a reliable discrimination between AMPH and FEN could be obtained and the discriminative stimulus (DS) effects of these two drugs did not overlap, i.e., were mutually exclusive. Phenmetrazine produced a dose-related increase in AMPH-appropriate responding with no responding occurring on the FEN-appropriate key. Two serotonin agonists, quipazine (5-HT2) and MK 212 (5-HT1), produced FEN-appropriate responding in two of three pigeons, while a third pigeon responded predominantly on the AMPH-appropriate key following their administration. In contrast, phencyclidine produced predominantly (greater than 50%) saline-appropriate responding, indicating that the DS effect of phencyclidine was unlike either AMPH or FEN. Finally, compounds known to have multiple DS properties such as MDA and MDMA were tested. The results with these compounds confirmed that these drugs have complex DS effects both within and across individual pigeons.
Opioid abuse and depression in adolescents: Results from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of major depressive episode (MDE) with nonmedical prescription opioid use (NMPOU) and opioid abuse/dependence among adolescents aged 12 to 17. METHODS: We analyzed 5 years of data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). We used logistic regressions to study the relationship between MDE and NMPOU among all adolescents, as well as the relationship of MDE with opioid abuse/dependence among adolescents with NMPOU. Other covariates included: sociodemographics, alcohol abuse/dependence, nonopioid drug abuse/dependence, delinquency, school performance, religious services attendance, and family support/supervision. RESULTS: In the sample of all adolescents, 6% reported past year NMPOU, and 8% reported past year MDE. When NMPOU and MDE were comorbid, MDE usually preceded the NMPOU. In the sample of adolescents with NMPOU, 15% reported past year opioid abuse/dependence, and 20% reported past year MDE. In adjusted logistic regression, MDE was associated with both NMPOU (OR=1.51, pCONCLUSION: MDE occurs commonly in adolescents and is associated with NMPOU and opioid abuse/dependence. In terms of population attributable risk, which is a function of both the prevalence and the strength of the association, MDE is an important risk factor for NMPOU among adolescents and opioid abuse/dependence among adolescents with NMPOU. Preventive and clinical programs to decrease NMPOU and opioid abuse/dependence among adolescents should consider the prominent role of depression. Language: en
Physics without apparatus

A Mind Always in Motion: The Autobiography of Emilio Segre. By Emilio Segre. University of California Press: 1993. Pp. 332. $37.50, £25.00.
The effect of water sprays on fire fighter thermal imagers

Abstract The performance of fire fighter thermal imagers through water sprays has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. Thermal imagers are finding increasing use in fire fighting applications, and the ubiquitous nature of fire sprinklers, water mist suppression systems, and water curtains for radiation attenuation necessitates a thorough understanding of the effect of water sprays and mists on thermal imager performance. Laboratory-scale and full-scale evaluations of thermal imager performance through water sprays have been conducted, and the results analyzed using Mie theory to predict the extinction of radiation by water drops. Imagers were found to perform satisfactorily even through water sprays produced by sprinkler nozzles with K -factors as large as 6.0×10 −4 m 3 s −1 kPa −0.5 (25 gal min −1 psi −0.5 ). Tests were conducted under non-fire conditions; thus, the effect of interaction between water sprays and a hot smoke layer on imager performance was not investigated.
Plasminogen activator in the normal gingiva of the dog

Plasminogen activator in gingival tissue was histochemically identified using a fibrin filmslide technique. Microscopic examination clearly revealed the lytic areas induced in the fibrin background; therefore, they were topographically related to the overlaying gingival section, thus facilitating the localization of plasminogen activator in the gingival tissue. Fibrinolysis was observed only on the plasminogen-rich fibrin clot; there was no activity in the plasminogen-free fibrin clot. This is a clear indication that the lytic areas observed were due to activation of plasminogen by tissue activator and not due to other proteolytic enzymes. Lytic activity was always associated with blood vessels and the crevice area. The degree of activity was related to the time of incubation of the tissue section with the fibrin clot.
The Albert Moll hypnosis collection.

Abstract An outstanding collection on hypnosis and related subjects about 800 items-is housed at Vanderbilt University. It was assembled by Albert Moll, an eminent practitioner, who himself contributed inany scholarly works to the field. Information about Moll and his unique collection is called to the attention of scholars who have a special interest in the history of hypnosis.
Direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy placement in a patient with intracorporeal left ventricular assist device.

We present a case involving a patient who required enteral feeding after implantation of an abdominally positioned left ventricular assist device. The position of the device occupied most of the abdomen, precluding percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement. However, in the case presented, direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (DPEj) tube placement was achieved without interfering with the intracorporeal device. To our knowledge, there are no previous reports in the literature of successful DPEJ placement in a patient with an abdominally positioned heart assist device. DPEJ should be considered as a long-term enteral feeding route when structural barriers prevent percutaneous gastric access.
A sustainability approach for selecting maintenance strategy

Appropriate maintenance can prolong the life of an asset and prevent costly breakdowns that may result in lost production, failed shipping schedules and a decline in customer satisfaction. The goal of this study was to present a comprehensive framework that utilises sustainability metrics based on social, environmental and economic criteria to select an appropriate maintenance strategy among a variety of maintenance strategy alternatives, such as preventive, failure-based, reliability-centred, condition-based and total productive maintenance strategies, for a manufacturing company. The sustainability-based approach may significantly influence the personnel, energy, material and the overall costs in a company. In the first step of this paper, a sustainability-based decision-making structure is proposed for the maintenance strategy selection problem applying the concept of factor analysis to determine the leading factors in each of the sustainability pillars. In the next step, a fuzzy VIKOR framework is use...
A phase II study of ixabepilone (BMS-247550) in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma.

Introduction Ixabepilone (BMS-247550) is a semi-synthetic analog of epothilone B that has been characterized as a microtubule stabilizing agent with a mechanism of action distinct from taxanes. Suggestion of activity in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been seen in early clinical studies.Methods Eligible patients had metastatic RCC as well as ECOG performance status 0-2 and normal organ function. Patients received ixabepilone at a dose of 40 mg/m2 intravenously over 3 hours every 21 days. There was no restriction on RCC histology or prior treatment type, but prior treatment with tubule inhibitors was not allowed. The primary endpoint was RECIST defined response and radiographic evaluations were performed every 3 cycles. Toxicity evaluations utilized CTCAE v3.0 and were performed every cycle. Using a Simon two-stage optimal design with α=0.1, β=0.1, a null hypothesized response rate of 0.05 and an alternative response rate of 0.2, an initial 12 patients were to be accrued with full accrual of 37 patients if ...
Structural characterization of labeled clathrin and coated vesicles.

Abstract Clathrin (8 S) and coated vesicles have been covalently labeled by using the sulfhydryl-labeling fluorescent probe N-(1-anilinonaphthalene)maleimide. A large increase in energy transfer from Trp to anilinonaphthalene (AN) residues was observed in clathrin in the pH range ~6.56.0, where the rate of clathrin self-association increased rapidly. The change in energy transfer was indicative of a conformational rearrangement, which could be responsible for the initiation of the clathrin self-association reaction to form coat structure. The AN label was found in both the coat and membrane proteins after dissociation of coated vesicles at pH 8.5. The labeled coat and membrane proteins readily recombined to form coated vesicles after reducing the pH to 6.5, indicating that the labeling did not interfere with the ability of clathrin to self-associate and interact with uncoated vesicles to form coat structure. A comparison of the AN fluorescence with the Coomassie blue pattern after electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate-gels revealed that a 180,000-Da protein (clathrin) was mainly labeled in coated vesicles, while a 110,000-Da protein was also strongly labeled in uncoated vesicles. AN-labeled baskets and coated vesicles have been prepared. Trypsin digestion reduced the sedimentation rate of baskets from 150 S to 120 S and of coated vesicles from 200 S to 150 S. Gel electrophoresis of baskets and coated vesicles showed extensive conversion of clathrin (Mr 180,000) to a product of Mr ≅ 110,000, suggesting equivalent structural organization of the coat in coated vesicles as in baskets. In both cases, the peptide(s) released from the vesicles by digestion were essentially free of fluorescent label. In the case of the uncoated vesicles, tryptic digestion released most of the proteins remaining after coat removal.
Transgenic bcl-2 is not sufficient to rescue all hematolymphoid defects in STAT5A/5B-deficient mice.

Abstract Objective Cytokines bind high-affinity receptors expressed on hematopoietic cells to initiate signaling cascades that regulate differentiation, proliferation, and survival. Previous studies have established a role for STAT5 in transducing survival signals for hematopoietic progenitor cells in response to cytokines. Materials and methods To determine if constitutive expression of a member of the bcl-2 family of anti-apoptotic proteins could compensate for the loss of STAT5, we utilized combinatorial genetics to generate STAT5A/5B-deficient mice expressing a bcl-2 transgene. Results Although bcl-2 expression restored peripheral blood counts to normal in STAT5A/5B −/− mice, we noted a striking failure of this transgene to correct defects in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Conclusion These data imply important effects of STAT5 in modulating hematopoietic cells in addition to promoting survival per se.
Bounds, designs and layouts for multi-terminal FPIC architectures

Abstract Field-programmable interconnection chips provide the capability of realizing user programmable interconnections for any desired permutation. Such interconnections are very much desired for supporting rapid prototyping of hardware systems and for providing programmable communication networks for parallel and distributed computing. In this paper we address the problem of design of permutation network for routing any m to n, m⩽n permutation. Specifically, we obtain lower bounds for the number of switches required to realize any one to many permutation of connections. In addition, we also show that m to n permutations whose underlying graph is of degree d has a routing delay of at least Ω( log d (m+n)) . Also, we propose efficient designs for implementing networks for any m to n permutations with asymptotically optimal utilization. Efficient two-layer layouts for such networks are also proposed.
Gyrinid searching tactics: empirical observations and a tactical model

Summary. Data on Gyrinus picipes were collected to examine the influence of prey distribution and capture on search path configuration. All paths were analyzed before and after prey capture. Parameters measured were turning angles, step lengths, and step direction. Three indices of search efficiency were calculated: linear displacement, thoroughness, and straightness. Prey distribution had little impact on search configuration. However, prey capture caused significant reductions in step length, linear displacement, and straightness. Thoroughnnes and turning angle increased significantly after prey capture. A simulation model was developed to analyze influences of search parameters on search efficiency. Search paths, simulated using empirically derived parameters, did not differ from actual search paths indicating that the model accurately describes gyrinid search paths and may be used in these analyses. Actual search paths were compared to a simulated Brownian (random) search. Search paths before prey capture were significantly different from random, but Brownian search can describe search paths after prey capture. Comparisons of simulations using various input parameters indicate that step length has the greatest effect on search paths. Turning angles and direction are important before prey capture but not after.
Transradial Peripheral Arterial Procedures

Increased understanding and increased adoption of transradial catheterization across the world have led to further exploring of radial artery access for transradial endovascular interventions in peripheral artery disease (PAD). This article discusses the advantages and limitations of the transradial approach for endovascular medicine by using case examples, illustrations, and videos. The details about how to use a radial approach for PAD intervention, including and tips tricks, are discussed.
Soup or Salad? Investigating the Action of Enzymes in Fruit on Gelatin

Most enzymes are proteins that have evolved to function as catalysts for chemical reactions in living systems. Some fruits contain proteases, a group of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of peptide linkages in proteins. This can have an undesired effect in a gelatin salad containing fruit, because proteases in the fruit can cleave the proteins that make up the structure of gelatin so that it will not set. This is the reason for the warning on many gelatin packages "Do not use with fresh or frozen pineapple." Other fruits may also be included in the warning. Fresh pinepple, papaya, kiwi, and figs contain the proteases bromelain, papain, actinidin, and ficin, respectively. When the enzymes are denatured, which can result from heating during the canning process, they lose their ability to cleave proteins.
Cranial osteology of Longosuchus meadei and the phylogeny and distribution of the Aetosauria

ABSTRACT The aetosaur Longosuchus meadei is known from several specimens from the Upper Triassic (Carnian) of Texas. The structure of the single well preserved skull (TMM 31185-84B) was restudied in light of the appearance of new material of other archosaurs subsequent to Sawin's original (1947) description. In particular, an ossified orbitosphenoid and several structures associated with the nasolacrimal duct system are described and discussed for the first time. Adaptations for herbivory in the Aetosauria include the ventral depression of the jaw joint, the edentulous beak, and the conical, unserrated teeth in later aetosaurs. The increased ossification of the braincase may serve to protect this region during food processing, and the nasolacrimal structures probably are associated with the lateral nasal sinus system widespread in archosaurs and particularly well developed in Longosuchus. The Aetosauria are a robust monophyletic group of Suchia that can be characterized by five synapo-morphies. Aetosaurus...
Gene system coding α-amylases in Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Abstract Electrophoretic variants (isozymes) of α-amylase were studied in individual intestinal tracts from adults of four geographic strains (China, Fannet, Fresno, and Iowa) of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky. Multiple isozymes are present in all four strains. Crossing experiments provide evidence that at least two autosomal structural genes code amylases in this species. One gene, Amy-1, is monomorphic in at least three of the populations. The second gene, Amy-2, has at least two codominant alleles which are described in terms of their relative electrophoretic mobility. China and Iowa are monomorphic for isozyme designated Amy-2 0.94 . Fresno is monomorphic for isozyme designated Amy-2 1.00 . Genetics of amylase in the Fannet strain is more complicated and has not been completely resolved. Fannet was polymorphic and in addition to Amy-1 1.00 and Amy-2 1.00 had 3 isozymes that we designated as bands 2, 3, and 4. We do not know if these additional isozymes are alleles of Amy-1 or Amy-2 or whether they result from post-translational modifications.
The Cyber Factor: An Analysis of Relational Maintenance Through the Use of Computer-Mediated Communication

This study extends prior research on interpersonal communication and computer-mediated communication (CMC) to examine relational maintenance behaviors via multiple modes of CMC. As relationships are cultivated via mediated channels, this study explores whether men and women utilize maintenance strategies in differential relationships. Participants (N = 157) responded to a 40-item survey using an adaptation of Stafford and Canary's (1991) relational maintenance typology. Results suggest that, although use of maintenance behaviors has remained consistent with the advent of new technology, specific modes are utilized for different strategies. In addition, openness and assurances are utilized more by spouses and significant/romantic others, and women use more strategies to maintain their relationships through CMC than men, regardless of the type of relationship maintained.
Second order random fields over l p with homogeneous and isotropic increments

A random field over l p is a stochastic process X(t), where t is an element of l p .It is said to have homogeneous and isotropic increments if E(X(t) − X(s)) 2 is a function of ∥t-s∥. The subject of this work is the spectral theory of such processes. The main results are: a representation of the field as a series of filtered, orthogonal processes with a real time parameter; a representation as a white noise integral over l p ;limit theorems for the average of X over a sphere; and, finally, filtering of the orthogonal components. In particular, we mention: (1) The averages over spheres of increasing dimension converge in quadratic mean for p=2 but not for 0<p<2. (2) The limiting distribution of a fixed coordinate of a point uniformly distributed over the l p -unit sphere in n-space, n → ∞, has the density [2γ(1/p+1)p 1/p ]−1exp(-¦x¦ p /P).
Benchmarking and analysis of 6Li neutron depth profiling of lithium ion cell electrodes

The University of Texas at Austin Neutron Depth Profiling (UT-NDP) facility was utilized to analyze varying cathode compositions in lithium battery materials. Battery materials included LiCoO2, LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2, and LiFePO4. The cells were made at The University of Texas at Austin as coin cells with lithium anodes. The NDP analysis method for Li in battery materials was benchmarked between two facilities and with computational models.
Optimal pollution taxes and endogenous technological progress

The optimal pollution tax becomes complicated when allowance is made for endogenous innovation, under a patent system. However, if anything, it is below marginal environmental damages, to counteract monopoly pricing by the patent holder, the common pool effect associated with research and a possible excess of patent holder revenue over the social benefits from innovation when environmental damages are convex. In cases where patents are weak at securing appropriability, for example when rivals can easily imitate around patented technologies, awarding research prizes or contracts is probably more efficient than raising the pollution tax.
Degree realization of undirected graphs in reduced form

Abstract Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for a set of non-negative integers to be the degrees of vertices of an n-vertex undirected graph. The conditions and their proof are based on a novel decomposition procedure which gives some insight into the structure to be realized, and leads to a simple and efficient algorithm to construct the graph directly with a minimum number of parallel branches and a minimum number of self-loops. In the case in which the given set is not realizable, the algorithm determines the least modification necessary for the resulting set to be realizable.
THE RELATION OF ENZYMATIC ADAPTATION TO THE METABOLISM OF ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS SUBSTRATES

The source of energy for enzymatic adaptation has been investigated. Aerobically, it is found that the endogenous carbohydrate reserves may be used as such a source. In cells depleted of their reserves, the adaptive substrate itself can be oxidized even while it cannot be fermented, and so can serve as a source of energy for the adaptation to a fermentative mode of utilization. Anaerobically, adaptation may occur at the expense of stored energy-rich compounds, while the reserves and the adaptive substrate are now useless as fuel. Such compounds appear to be more plentiful in young than in old cells. The addition of any fermentable substrate, such as glucose, leads to rapid anaerobic adaptation. Experiments in which maltose-adapted cells are adapted anaerobically to galactose with the aid of a little added maltose, and conversely, show that fermentability is the criterion of usefulness for an exogenous substrate in aiding the adaptive process. None of the endogenous and exogenous energy sources which have been investigated will facilitate adaptation unless the adaptive substrate is present while they are being consumed. The significance of these findings and the adequacy of "activation" hypotheses to explain enzymatic adaptation has been discussed.
Comparative analysis of journals on social sciences and humanities in Ukraine and the world

This article analyses the changes in development of journals on social sciences and humanities in Ukraine and shows the results of the comparative analysis of journals on social sciences and humanities in Ukraine, and journals in the world included in relevant databases of the US Institute for Scientific Information (Philadelphia).
Recursive derivation of drift-kinetic equation.

A drift kinetic equation is derived which contains higher order effects. The upper bound appropriate to the drift ordering is only imposed so that the result is quite general and can be reduced to previous drift equations. The differential geometry of the magnetic field enters only trivially and a single recursion suffices to obtain the desired result.
Lords of Poverty: The Power, Prestige, and Corruption of the International Aid Business

Lords of Poverty is a case study in betrayals of a public trust. The shortcomings of aid are numerous, and serious enough to raise questions about the viability of the practice at its most fundamental levels. Hancocks report is thorough, deeply shocking, and certain to cause critical reevaluation of the governments motives in giving foreign aid, and of the true needs of our intended beneficiaries.
Identification of human and mouse chromosomes in human-mouse hybrids by centromere fluorescence

Abstract Differences between the centromeric regions of mouse and human chromosomes have been revealed with a staining technique which is based on the quenching by 5-bromodeoxyuridine of the fluorescence of the dye 33258 Hoechst. The differences can be used to distinguish between human and mouse chromosomes in human-mouse hybrids.
Energy bands, fermi surface and lattice instability in VS

Abstract The energy bands of vanadium monosulfide have been calculated by the KKR method in the muffin-tin approximation. The Fermi surface is very complicated, but there are two nearly cylindrical sheets of nearly equal cross-sections centered around Φ and M respectively. We suggest that this Fermi surface feature can support a charge-density-wave (CDW) state in the conduction electron system at low enough temperatures, and the formation of the CDW explains the lattice phase transition in this compound.