cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SEC-ICP-MS studies for elements binding to different molecular weight fractions of humic substances in compost extract obtained from urban solid waste

In this work, the speciation of elements in compost was studied with emphasis on their binding to humic substances. In order to assess the distribution of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, U, Th and Zn among molecular weight fractions of humic substances, the compost extract (extracted by 0.1 mol l−1 sodium pyrophosphate) was analyzed by size exclusion chromatography coupled on-line with UV–Vis spectrophotometric and ICP-MS detection. Similar chromatograms were obtained for standard humic acid (Fluka) and for compost extract (254 nm, 400 nm) and three size fractions were operationally defined that corresponded to the apparent molecular weight ranges >15 kDa, 1–15 kDa and Ni > Co > Pb > Cd > (Cr, U, Th) ≫ (As, Mn, Mo, Zn). After standard addition, further binding of Cu, Ni and Co with the two molecular weight fractions of humic substances was observed, indicating that humic substances derived from compost were not saturated with these elements.
Operant performance as a function of novelty of reward

Wide differences in amount of exposure to and ingestion of Noyes food pellets did not significantly affect rate of responding to earn Noyes pellets under either CRF or fixed-ratio scheduling. Body weight data suggests that Noyes pellets are equally nourishing relative to Purina food for rats.
Body composition, dietary salt and sugar intake as determinants of breast cancer: a case-control study

. Treatment involves multiple aspects such as physical, psycho-logical, social, cultural, spiritual and economic. A holistic view of the patient and a multidisciplinary approach are mandatory. A healthylifestyle plays an important role in the prevention of this type of cancer.The aim of this study was to identify the dietary and body composition determinants of breast cancer among menopausal and healthypatients A total of ninety three menopausal women were included in the study and were divided in two groups: without cancer (G1; n 61)and with breast cancer (G2; n 32).All individuals in both groups had their clinical, metabolic and dietetic proÞles examined. StudentOst-test and MannÐWhitney test were used in the statistical analysis. The CI was set at 95% and signiÞcance level at 5% ( P < 0.05). Patientsin G2 were older than G1 (mean 59 (
Energy Gaps in Supramolecular Functionalized Graphene Nanoribbons

The electronic structure characteristics of supramolecular functionalization of graphene nanoribbons with π-conjugated polymers are investigated using first-principles density functional theory. Noncovalent polymer functionalization leads to distinct changes in the electronic properties, particularly the band gaps of metallic and semimetallic graphene nanoribbons. A detailed analysis of band alignments reveals a profound level hybridization for ribbons with various shaped edges and spin density waves near the edges of zigzag ribbons. The extracted planar polymer conformations and the disappearance of the metallic behavior are in conformity with experimental observations.
Vertical-axis rotation controlled by upper crustal stress based on force balance analysis: A case study of the western Transverse Ranges of California

Abstract This paper evaluates driving mechanisms of vertical-axis rotation using data from the western Transverse Ranges in southern California. Simple force balance considerations and comparison of torque applied to a rotating block indicate that shear forces applied to the base of the block are not strong enough to produce the motions and deformation observed at the surface. For the measured dimensions of the crustal blocks and crustal viscosities in southern California, stresses transmitted through the upper crust are one to three orders of magnitude stronger than forces generated in the ductile lower crust. These results suggest that the kinematics of crustal blocks in continental deformation zones are primarily controlled by forces within the upper crust rather than a flow field beneath.
SWARM: a scientific workflow for supporting bayesian approaches to improve metabolic models

With the exponential growth of complete genome sequences, the analysis of these sequences is becoming a powerful approach to build genome-scale metabolic models. These models can be used to study individual molecular components and their relationships, and eventually study cells as systems. However, constructing genome-scale metabolic models manually is time-consuming and labor-intensive. This property of manual model-building process causes the fact that much fewer genome-scale metabolic models are available comparing to hundreds of genome sequences available. To tackle this problem, we design SWARM, a scientific workflow that can be utilized to improve genome-scale metabolic models in high-throughput fashion. SWARM deals with a range of issues including the integration of data across distributed resources, data format conversions, data update, and data provenance. Putting altogether, SWARM streamlines the whole modeling process that includes extracting data from various resources, deriving training datasets to train a set of predictors and applying Bayesian techniques to assemble the predictors, inferring on the ensemble of predictors to insert missing data, and eventually improving draft metabolic networks automatically. By the enhancement of metabolic model construction, SWARM enables scientists to generate many genome-scale metabolic models within a short period of time and with less effort.
Artificial vaginocervical stimulation induces a conditioned place preference in female rats

Female rats express a conditioned place preference (CPP) for a context paired with mating. During a mating encounter, the female rat is exposed to several different types of stimuli, including, but not limited to, vaginocervical stimulation and social contact. The present experiment tested the hypothesis that two components of the mating interaction, vaginocervical stimulation or social contact, each induce a CPP in female rats. During conditioning rats received nonpaced mating, artificial vaginocervical stimulation, social interaction or a control treatment. Rats expressed a CPP for the context paired with nonpaced mating or artificial vaginocervical stimulation whereas social interaction and the control treatment did not induce a CPP. The present findings highlight the important role that vaginocervical stimulation plays in the reinforcing effects of mating in female rats.
Scan system for the subangstrom STEM

A computer-controlled scan system has been completed for a sub-angstrom resolution STEM (scanning transmission electron microscope). Controlled by a PC-AT, this system is able to control beam scan, unscan, alignment, and correction of aberration. Using this system, the raster size, shape, rotation angle, and raster position may be controlled by subroutines for image generation/transformation. Computer control allows the simultaneous setting of multiple parameters allowing easy operation of the microscope and saving experimenter time.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effect of Growth Hormone (GH) Therapy on Growth, Body Composition, and Glucose Tolerance in Children with Prader Willi Syndrome (PWS). 377

Effect of Growth Hormone (GH) Therapy on Growth, Body Composition, and Glucose Tolerance in Children with Prader Willi Syndrome (PWS). 377
Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis following laser in situ keratomileusis

A 31-year-old woman developed pain, decreased vision, and a corneal flap infiltrate 4 days following laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Treatment with topical antibiotic agents did not improve the symptoms. Approximately 2 weeks after surgery, the patient was referred to Stanford University, with 20/400 visual acuity in the left eye and a stromal infiltrate posterior to the flap. Cultures demonstrated Aspergillus fumigatus sensitive to voriconazole. The corneal ulcer progressed despite aggressive antifungal treatment, requiring amputation of the corneal flap and daily debridement. The infiltrate resolved in response to topical voriconazole, natamycin, and oral voriconazole. Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis is a rare but serious complication of LASIK surgery. The infection was successfully treated with flap amputation and daily debridement in addition to antifungal therapy.
An Empirical Analysis of Economic Performance under the Marketing Order for Raisins

This study utilizes a dynamic econometric model of the California raisin industry to compare predictions of prices, production, profits, and related measures under the volume control program with predictions under several no-control scenarios. The outcomes are evaluated in relation to performance criteria proposed by a USDA study team. The twenty-two-year comparisons suggest that the public interest may have been well served by the raisin volume control program, or at worst there was no significant welfare loss.
The effect of smoking on the dysphonia severity index in females.

Objective: This study investigated the capability of the Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI) and its component measures to reveal differences in vocal capability between groups of young
The fatty acid composition and Na+-K-K+ atpase activity of kidney microsomes from mice consuming diets of varying docosahexaenoic acid and linoleic acid ratios

Abstract Male mice (CD-1 type) were fed for 14 days diets containing 4 grams of ethyl esters of linoleic acid (LA) per 100 g of diet supplemented with 0, 0.4, 0.8 or 4 g of ethyl ester of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The total fat content of the diets was adjusted to 10% by weight by adding a 1:1 mixture of tristearin and triolein. Kidney microsomes from these mice were prepared and analysed for fatty acid content and Na + –K + ATPase activity. Feeding the lowest amount of DHA, representing a 1:10 dietary DHA/LA ratio, resulted in an increase in DHA content from 6.5 to 17 mole % of phospholipids from microsomes compared to diets without DHA. Higher dietary DHA levels did not result in further increases in tissue DHA levels. DHA feeding also caused a slight increase in phospholipid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The increase in the tissue DHA and EPA levels was accompanied by a decrease in arachidonic acid levels. Dietary DHA resulted in a decrease in the specific activity of kidney microsomal Na + –K + ATPase from 508±70 to 261±25 ug PO 4 − min −1 mg protein −1 in mice consuming 4 g DHA per 100 g diet
The effect of cimetidine on maldigestion in cystic fibrosis.

Ten patients (6 to 27 years of age) who had severe pancreatic exocrine insufficiency due to cystic fibrosis were studied to determine whether cimetidine would improve dietary fat and nitrogen absorption. When a constant diet was consumed and oral pancreatic enzymes were administered, the addition of cimetidine (150 or 200 mg taken orally one-half hour before meals) significantly reduced fecal fat excretion from 25.3±2.9 to 17.3±2.1 gm/24 hours and fecal nitrogen excretion from 4.5±0.6 to 3.4±0.5 gm/24 hours ( P
The Cost and Financing of Home Modifications in the United States

Home modifications can aid in the performance of tasks and support independent living. However, obtaining funding in the United States is difficult for both individuals and home modification progra...
A Critique of the Practical Contradiction Procedure for Testing Maxims

Emerging from the growing swell of recent literature concerning Kant's practical philosophy, one interpretation of his procedure for testing maxims has crested above others. The influential interpretation to which I refer believes that the categorical imperative guides a procedure that finds maxims impermissible when they cannot be universalized without producing a 'practical' contradiction. As a major proponent of the practical contradiction interpretation, Christine Korsgaard claims that, while there is textual support for this point of view, she is more concerned with developing a defensible interpretation of maxim testing for a ‘Kantian’ system of morality. Accordingly, one cannot simply attempt to evaluate such a theory solely by considering its various incongruities with Kant's specific claims and arguments. Instead, my evaluation of the practical contradiction interpretation will examine: (a) whether it is a procedure that is applicable to a full range of maxims; (b) whether it maintains a distinct advantage over the alternative readings; and (c) whether it is an internally coherent and consistent model for testing maxims. I propose, here, that regardless of the practical contradiction test's many advantages, it fails with regard to all three of these questions.
Sexual transmission of human T-cell leukemia virus type I associated with the presence of anti-Tax antibody.

Abstract The tax gene product (Tax protein) of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is a specific transcriptional activator of the viral long terminal repeat sequence and is essential for the replication cycle of the virus. To elucidate the relationship between the presence of anti-Tax antibody and the transmission of the viral infection, annual consecutive serum samples from married couples serologically discordant or concordant for HTLV-I were examined. These included 5 individuals whose spouses seroconverted during this 5-year follow-up study period. The samples were tested by a Western blot assay using a recombinant Tax protein as the antigen. The results showed that 24 of 32 (75%) men in the concordant couples (both husband and wife were HTLV-I carriers) had anti-Tax antibody, while only 5 of 18 (27.8%) men in the discordant couples (husband was carrier and wife was seronegative to HTLV-I) were positive for anti-Tax antibody (P = 0.0012). Furthermore, all spouses of the 5 seroconverters (4 women and 1 man) had anti-Tax antibody, while only 23 of 46 (50%) age-matched randomly selected HTLV-I carriers from the discordant-couple group had anti-Tax antibody. When the data were analyzed by gender, all husbands of the female seroconverters had anti-Tax antibodies, which was significantly higher than the prevalence of anti-Tax antibodies in men who did not transmit the virus to their spouses during the follow-up period (P = 0.017). In addition, antibody reactivity to other HTLV-I antigens (including Env gp46, transmembrane protein gp21, and Gag p19 and p24) were examined. The results indicated no significant differences between the prevalence of antibody reactivity to any of the antigens in the spouses of the seroconverters and the reference group. We conclude that the presence of anti-Tax antibody in men may indicate a high risk of viral transmission to their wives via heterosexual routes.
Review of diuretic and ultrafiltration strategies in patients with acute decompensated heart failure.

Practice PearlAcute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) leads to nearly I million hospital admissions annually. Recent research indicates that fluid diuresis by intravenous loop diuretics, either high dose or low dose and/or by either bolus or continuous infusion, are similarly effective and equally safe for therapeutic use in patients with ADHF. In addition, ultrafiltration is an effective and safe alternative therapy to loop diuretics for patients with ADHF as part of a strategy to reduce fluid overload.
Correlates of alcohol and drug use among low-income Hispanic immigrant childbearing women living in the U.S.A.

Alcohol and drug use is a widespread and serious problem with deleterious consequences for the health and well-being of childbearing-age women and their children. Little information exists regarding etiological factors for substance use among Hispanic childbearing-age women immigrating to the United States (USA). This research provides a correlational analysis of factors associated with alcohol and drug use. The Social Stress Model for Substance Use Prevention provided the conceptual framework for this cross-sectional, interview-administered survey of 60 low-income predominantly Mexican-American women. The outcome variable was alcohol and drug use (alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine and opiates). Independent variables included the major constructs of the model: stress, social support, social influences, personal competencies and community resource utilization patterns. Findings suggested that the levels of drug use were lower among this study sample than in the general USA population regardless of pregnancy status. Bivariate correlations demonstrate that women with higher drug use indices had more lenient attitudes regarding drug use and were more likely to have family and friends that used alcohol and drugs. Although drug use was relatively low among this sample of women, both women who used alcohol themselves and women whose partners used alcohol and drugs reported significantly higher levels of stress, weaker social support and poorer levels of self esteem. Implications for practice and future research are suggested.
Analysis of Biogenic Silica Fibers from Rice Farming Operations

Abstract A provisional method has been developed for the quantitation of biogenic silica fibers. Particles were sampled onto track-etched filters prepared by the direct-clearing method for transmission electron microscopy analysis. Fibers were identified by their length/width ratio, X-ray spectrum, and electron diffraction pattern. Biogenic silica fibers were found to contain mainly silicon and no aluminum, and to have an amorphous crystal structure. Approximately 100 samples from rice farming operations were analyzed. Cyclones were used to exclude large, nonrespirable particles when sampling near farming operations. The optimum fiber loading was found to be 100 to 1000 fibers/mm2. To prevent overloading, in most cases the sampled volume was held to 30 L using 25-mm filters, giving a limit of detection of 0.1 fibers/cc. Higher volumes were practical when sampling away from farming operations, giving limits of detection ranging from 0.02 to 0.004 fibers/cc. For a given microscopist, the coefficient of vari...
Mercury deposition in a tidal marsh of south San Francisco Bay downstream of the historic New Almaden mining district, California

A record of mercury deposition was provided by sediment recovered from piston cores of a south San Francisco Bay tidal marsh that is 30 km downstream of the New Almaden mining district, formerly the largest mercury mining district in North America. Pre-mining sediment mercury concentrations were 0.40±0.15 nmol g−1, which are similar to pre-mining concentrations in cores taken from other parts of San Francisco Estuary. Concentrations in the core increase to a maximum of about 6.0 nmol g−1, corresponding to a period in the mid-20th century, nearly 50 years after the peak in mercury production at the mines. The extent of contamination from upstream mining activity appears to reflect the amount of processed ore disposed of at the surface, and also periods when mercury was recovered from reworking these surface ore dumps and open cuts. Transport of this contaminant mercury to the tidal marsh appears to be influenced by hydrologic modifications in the watershed, including dam building and subsidence related to groundwater withdrawal. Although San Francisco Estuary is contaminated with mercury from numerous historic mining sources, including late 19th century hydraulic gold mining in the Sierra Nevada, there is little evidence of pre-mining contamination from natural mercury sources in the southern reach of San Francisco Estuary.
Periventricular astrocytosis and acute necrotizing encephalitis.

A group of rats presented with acute necrotizing encephalitis. The histopathological picture was the same in all the animals yet the periventricular regions where no morphologically appreciable signs of necrosis or infection could be found, presented with a florid astrocytic response. This periventricular astrocytosis was undetected with standard morphological methods but well-demonstrated with histoenzymatic techniques. It is presumed that these astrocytes originated in the ependyma with a possible cellular contribution from the choroid plexus.
Varied Expressions of the Hemispheric Circulation Observed in Association with Contrasting Polarities of Prescribed Patterns of Variability

Abstract The low-frequency (>5 day period) variability observed within four different subsets of the climatology (H1, L1, H2, and L2) as defined by the high and low index polarities of the two leading principal components (PCs) of the sea level pressure field is compared, with emphasis on distinctive flow configurations and teleconnection patterns. The analysis is based on wintertime 500-hPa height, sea level pressure, and 1000–500-hPa thickness fields derived from the NCEP–NCAR reanalyses for the period of record, 1958–99. “Spaghetti diagrams” display specified contours for ensembles of individual 10-day mean charts extracted from the four different subsets of the climatology. In L1, 10-day mean maps (weak zonal flow at latitudes ∼55°N) exhibit larger undulations in the barotropic component of the flow than those in H1, implying larger particle displacements and deeper penetration of Arctic air masses, particularly into Europe and the eastern United States. Maps in H2 and L2, separated in accordance with...
American Association for Cancer Research Genetics and Biology of Brain Cancers 2009, December 13–15, 2009, San Diego, CA

Molecularly targeted therapies promise to transform the treatment of cancer patients, including those with brain tumors. A deeper understanding of the biology of brain tumors has led to a palpable excitement that new and more effective treatments are on the horizon for these deadly diseases. This conference brought basic, genomic, and translational scientists together with clinicians to discuss how to develop more effective molecularly targeted therapies for brain tumor patients based on a mechanistic understanding of the molecular circuitry and biology of the disease.
Straight midline mandibulotomy revisited.

Objective: Describe recent experience with a simplified modification of the traditional mandibulotomy approach. Study Design: Retrospective chart review. Methods: Charts were reviewed retrospectively for 17 consecutive patients who underwent this approach over a 3-year period as a part of treatment for oral and oropharyngeal malignancies. Results: No cases of bony nonunion, plate exposure, or other complications related to the mandibulotomy occurred in the postoperative phase. Conclusions: The modified straight midline mandibulotomy approach is simple and provides safe access for the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal tumors while minimizing postoperative morbidity.
Ovarian cancer staging: Does it require a gynecologic oncologist?

Forty-seven patients with presumed Stages I-II invasive ovarian epithelial carcinoma were treated with intravenous 50 mg/m2 cis-platinum, for 2-18 cycles (median, 9), 50 mg/m2 doxorubicin for 2-14 cycles (median, 9), and/or 600 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide for 2-14 cycles (median, 6) after surgical staging by a gynecologic oncologist or a nononcologic surgeon. Mean follow-up is 6.8 years. Cumulative 5-year actuarial survival is 73 +/- 6%; 75 +/- 12% for Stage I and 71 +/- 8% for Stage II disease. When screened for poor prognosticators, only the specialty of the operating surgeon was identified (P < 0.05). Five-year actuarial survival and disease-free survival, respectively, for Stages I-II patients surgically staged by a gynecologic oncologist were 83 +/- 7% and 76 +/- 8%, compared to 59 +/- 11% (P < 0.05) and 39 +/- 11% (P < 0.03) for the group operated upon by a nononcologist.
Impact of insulin resistance on lipoprotein subpopulation distribution in lean and morbidly obese nondiabetic women

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of insulin resistance on the lipoprotein subpopulation distribution of very-low-density, low-density, and high-density lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL, and HDL) in lean and morbidly obese nondiabetic women. Lean women (body mass index [BMI], 20 to 27 kg/m2) stratified by BMI were divided into insulin-sensitive (SL, n = 12) and insulin-resistant (RL, n = 8) groups according to Bergman's minimal model, SI. A group of obese women (BMI, 30 to 53 kg/m2), also stratified by BMI, were divided into insulin-sensitive (SO, n = 10) and insulin-resistant (RO, n = 11) groups in a similar fashion. Resistant groups were similar to sensitive groups (SL v RL and SO vRO) in age, weight, percent body fat, and waist circumference, ie, total and regional adiposity. VLDL, LDL, and HDL subpopulation distributions were determined in fasting plasma samples by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The average particle sizes of all 3 classes of lipoproteins were similar for the SL and RL groups. In contrast, RO subjects had larger VLDL, smaller LDL, and smaller HDL, than SO subjects (P < .05). Lower concentrations of large LDL and large HDL were found in RO compared with SO subjects (P < .05). In obese women, but not in lean women, VLDL size was associated with plasma insulin (r = .60, P < .005), while LDL size and HDL size were negatively correlated with plasma insulin (r = -.39, P < .05 and r = -.38, P < .05) and positively correlated with SI (r = .54, P < .01 and r = .42, P < .05). These results suggest that in obese women, insulin resistance may be involved in the formation of lipoprotein subpopulation distributions that are associated with vascular disease.
Stray losses in large synchronous machines

The results of an investigation of the components of stray losses in large salient pole synchronous machines are presented. Stray losses are caused by the magnetic leakage and fringing flux in the rotating machine, and their prediction is subject to uncertainties in the machine design. A 750 HP experimental machine has been designed, constructed, and extensively instrumented and tested for direct measurement of the loss components. The nature and distribution of the stray losses in various parts of the machine are described. >
Geometry-based optimization of radio-frequency coils for powering neuroprosthetic implants

Biomedical implants powered by inductive links have several advantages over batteries or percutaneous power linkages. The inductive link power transfer efficiency must be optimized to realize the full advantage over other power delivery technologies. Optimization is also important to reduce the electromagnetic radiation exposure, reduce secondary heating effects and improve power efficiency, so that large primary side storage batteries are not required. Geometric constraints, i.e., size and shape, of biomedical implants are a primary concern of device design. In this paper, we present a novel coil optimization strategy driven by geometric constraints. By considering the relationship between wire diameter, number of turns, quality factor, coupling coefficient and shape of coil, we can optimize the inductively coupled coils to maximize the power transfer efficiency under stringent geometric constraints. This new approach is verified using a design example targeted for an intraocular visual prosthesis. In this example, we demonstrate an experimental power transfer efficiency of 52 % by co-optimization of the primary and secondary coils.
Vertical integration in a monopolistically competitive industry

Abstract This paper considers forward vertical integration by a monopolist producer of an intermediate good when the downstream industry is monopolistically competitive. Alternative methods of vertical control are considered in addition to the usual input mark-up; these include franchise fees, royalties, and resale price maintenance. It is found that these methods in combination achieve perfect or near-perfect replication of the outcome under full vertical integration. The case where downstream products are differentiated by location in a circular space is studied in detail, and alternative outcomes are ranked according to their social desirability.
A hierarchical matrix inversion algorithm for vectorless power grid verification

Vectorless power grid verification is a powerful technique to validate the robustness of the on-chip power distribution network for all possible current waveforms. Formulated and solved as linear programming problems, vectorless power grid verification demands intensive computational power due to the large number of nodes in modern power grids. Previous work showed that the performance bottleneck of this powerful technique is within the sub-problem of power grid analysis, which essentially computes the inverse of the sparse but large power grid matrix. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical matrix inversion algorithm to compute the rows of the inverse efficiently by exploiting the structure of the power grid. The proposed algorithm is integrated with a previous dual algorithm addressing an orthogonal sub-problem for vectorless power grid verification. Results show that the proposed hierarchical algorithm accelerates the matrix inversion significantly, and thus makes the overall vectorless power grid verification efficient.
“Quo Vadis” the Scientific Study of New Religious Movements?

The study of new religious movements has been developing in recent decades in an intellectual context in which both religion and its scholarly investigation appear to be more significant and more controversial than seemed to be the case in the earliest decades of SSSR. The present paper recounts the main themes of early work on nrms in the 1970s and 80s and subsequently explores three current areas of conceptual ambiguity and/or intellectual ferment and conflict. Key contemporary issues represent 1) The Boundary Problem or what is a “new religious movement”?; 2) The growing salience of the analysis of catastrophic episodes of mass violence_involving nrms; and 3) Recent claims to the effect that scholars in the sociology of religion and religious studies who do research on nrms have been led by their strong ideological commitment to the defense of religious liberty to take up a defensive attitude toward controversial “cults” to a degree which has undermined objectivity.
Electrophoretic Proteolytic Patterns in Cheddar Cheese by Rennet and Fungal Rennets: Their Significance to International Classification of Cheese Varieties

Abstract Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretie patterns of rennet and fungal rennet Cheddar cheeses proved useful in determining the type of milk coagulant for cheese, and in screen-testing potential rennet substitutes. The electrophoretie pattern of cheese varied widely with type of milk coagulant. It is emphasized that the many casein component variations in cheese may complicate attempts to classify cheese varieties internationally.
Morphine increases locus coeruleus noradrenergic neuronal activity in vitro

Morphine produced a dose-dependent increase in the activity of norepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus neurons recorded from mouse brain slices in vitro. The response was not changed in a low calcium-high magnesium incubation medium, indicating that the observed effects are the result of a direct action of morphine on locus coeruleus neurons. When the mice were anesthetized with chloral hydrate prior to preparation of tissue slices, morphine produced a dose-dependent suppression of noradrenergic neuronal activity. These studies suggest that previous data showing a decrease in activity of locus coeruleus neurons following incubation with morphine in vitro are due to the use of anesthesia.
Peripheral plasma levels of prostaglandin metabolites, cortisol and prolactin in women undergoing falope ring application and tubal cautery.

Abstract The levels of 11-deoxy-13,14-dihydro-15-keto-115, 16ξ-cyclo PGE 2 (bicyclo PGEM), 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF 2α (PGFM), cortisol and prolactin were measured by radioimmunoassays in five serial plasma samples collected from fourteen patients undergoing falope ring application and three patients undergoing tubal electrocautery. Bicyclo PGEM, PGFM and cortisol levels were unchanged regardless of the type of tubal occlusion procedure or the type of anesthesia administered (7 received general and 10 local anesthesia). Prolactin levels, on the other hand, markedly increased. The increase was greatest in women that received general anesthesia. The lack of change in bicyclo PGEM and PGFM in peripheral plasma would suggest a local transfer of PGs produced by injured tubal tissue to other parts of the tube and the uterus resulting in increased contractions and pelvic pain.
RankCompete: Simultaneous ranking and clustering of information networks

Random walk was first introduced by Karl Pearson in 1905 and has inspired many research works in different fields. In recent years, random walk has been adopted in information network research, for example, ranking and similarity estimation. In this paper, we introduce a new model called RankCompete, which allows multiple random walkers in the same network (existing work mostly focus on random walks of a single category). By introducing the ''competition'' concept into the random walk framework, our method can fulfill both clustering and ranking tasks simultaneously and thus provide an effective analysis tool for networks. Compared with the traditional network ranking approaches, our new method focuses more on the structure of specialized clusters. Compared with the traditional graph clustering approaches, our new method provides a faster and more intuitive way to group the network nodes. We validate our approach on both bibliography networks and visual information networks, and the results show that our approach can obtain 100% perfect clustering results in clustering the DBLP 20 conferences and outperform the state-of-the-art on the Cora dataset. Furthermore, we show that our method can be effectively used to summarize personal photo collections.
Content: Making it a Boundary Object in the College Classroom

Melioration is borrowing and using an idea from another field not closely associated with your field of expertise. Using the borrowed concept to address a challenge in your field potentially provides new avenues of action and insight. I borrow the concept of boundary objects from science fields and use it to examine assignments in the college classroom. Through analysis of student-teacher discussion, I become aware that content, not assignment, is the boundary object of interest. Avenues of action and insight opened through that analysis are discussed.
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION IN OLEFIN CONTINUOUS STIRRED-BED POLYMERIZATION REACTORS

The control of polymer particle size and PSD is of industrial importance. Very fine particles pack poorly, thereby limiting reactor capacity, and present a dust explosion hazard. In olefin polymerization, a particle size distribution (PSD) in the polymerization reactor has been derived using population balances. Three reasonable reaction mechanisms for Ziegler-Natta catalysts, i.e., a simple reaction model, an active site reduction model, and a two sites model, have been used to derive the average number of active sites. It was observed that the PSD depends not only on residence time, but also on the reaction mechanism. It was also found that multiple active sites change the PSD slightly. The PSD, however, does not depend on initial catalyst volume.
DLVO interaction between rough surfaces

The interaction energy between microscopic bodies is almost exclusively determined assuming perfectly smooth and geometrically regular surfaces. Quite often, such interactions fail to explain several colloidal phenomena. These inexplicable behaviors of colloidal systems are generally ascribed to surface chemical and morphological heterogeneities. Here, we employ the surface element integration technique to determine the interaction energy between surfaces containing morphological heterogeneity. Random asperities are generated to represent surface morphological heterogeneity (roughness), and their influence on the DLVO interaction potential is investigated. Incorporation of surface roughness causes a significant reduction in the repulsive interaction energy, the extent of which depends on the size of the asperities and their densities on the surface. Predictions of interaction energy indicate that the DLVO interaction energy profiles for rough surfaces deviate significantly from those derived assuming perf...
Laboratory measurements of mass transfer of carbon dioxide and water vapour for smooth and rough flow conditions

Mass transfer rates of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water (H 2 O) have been measured in a 32-m wind-wave tunnel, with a beach in the middle providing 2 sections of 16 m fetch. The wind speed (referred to 10 m) range explored was 1 to 24 m/s, covering a full range of aerodynamic conditions from smooth to fully rough. A pronounced minimum in the Dalton number for both CO 2 and H 2 O is revealed. The minimum Dalton number, at wind speeds between 2 and 3 m/s, indicates a characteristic common point in the transfer mechanism for both gas and aqueous phase controlled constituents. This point corresponds to the occurrence of the first wind generated wavelets. At higher winds, the transfer rates of CO 2 increase more rapidly than those of H 2 O, reflecting the increased importance of wave-generated turbulence for the ventilation of water phase limited compounds at the air-water interface. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1994.00002.x
Confidence interval procedures for wind turbine candidate sites

Abstract Three different aspects of confidence intervals for seasonal mean wind speeds are investigated. Various techniques of establishing confidence intervals at a candidate site are discussed first and the consistency of results demonstrated for 20 sites. Next, a procedure is derived for the enhancement of candidate site confidence intervals through the use of a nearby reference site with long-term data. Proper incorporation of the spatial correlation between sites and the uncertainty in the correlation are essential to effective use of the reference site data. Finally, a technique is presented that permits the use of long-term regional data plus single-season data at a candidate site to establish confidence intervals for different seasons of the year.
Neurotensin Phosphorylates GSK-3α/β through the Activation of PKC in Human Colon Cancer Cells

Neurotensin (NT), a gastrointestinal hormone, binds its receptor [neurotensin receptor (NTR)] to regulate the growth of normal and neoplastic intestinal cells; molecular mechanisms remain largely undefined. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) regulates diverse cellular processes, including cell growth and apoptosis. Here, we show that NT induces the phosphorylation of GSK-3α/β in the human colon cancer cell line HT29, HCT116, or SW480, which possesses highaffinity NTR. The effect of NT was blocked by inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC), but not by inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signalregulated kinase (MEK1) or phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, suggesting a predominant role for PKC in GSK-3β phosphorylation by NT. Pretreatment with Go6976 (which inhibits PKCα and PKCβ1) or downregulation of endogenous PKCα or PKCβ1 blocked NT-mediated GSK-3β (but not GSK-3α) phosphorylation. Moreover, a selective PKCβ inhibitor, LY379196, reduced NT-mediated GSK-3β (but not GSK-3α) phosphorylation, suggesting a role for PKCβ1 in the NT-mediated phosphorylation of GSK-3β and an undefined kinase in the NT-mediated phosphorylation of GSK-3α. Treatment with NT or the GSK-3 inhibitor SB216763 increased the expression of cyclin D1, a downstream effector protein of GSK-3 and a critical protein for the proliferation of various cells. Our results indicate that NT uses PKC-dependent pathways to modulate GSK-3, which may play a role in the NT regulation of intestinal cell growth.
A functional approach for studying technological progress: Application to information technology ☆

Abstract This paper develops and assesses a broad functional category approach to arriving at metrics for assessing technological progress. The approach is applied to three functional categories of information technology — storage, transportation and transformation by first building a 100 plus year database for each of the three functional categories. The results indicate generally continuous progress for each functional category independent of the specific underlying technological artifacts dominating at different times. Thus, the empirical results reported in this study indicate that the functional category approach offers a more stable and reliable methodology for assessing longer time technological progress trends. Therefore, this approach offers the promise of being more useful in technological forecasting for large-scale change even as its ability to forecast specific dominant technological trajectories has been compromised.
Eutrophication: impacts of excess nutrient inputs on freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems

In the mid-1800s, the agricultural chemist Justus von Liebig demonstrated strong positive relationships between soil nutrient supplies and the growth yields of terrestrial plants, and it has since been found that freshwater and marine plants are equally responsive to nutrient inputs. Anthropogenic inputs of nutrients to the Earth's surface and atmosphere have increased greatly during the past two centuries. This nutrient enrichment, or eutrophication, can lead to highly undesirable changes in ecosystem structure and function, however. In this paper we briefly review the process, the impacts, and the potential management of cultural eutrophication in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. We present two brief case studies (one freshwater and one marine) demonstrating that nutrient loading restriction is the essential cornerstone of aquatic eutrophication control. In addition, we present results of a preliminary statistical analysis that is consistent with the hypothesis that anthropogenic emissions of oxidized nitrogen could be influencing atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide via nitrogen stimulation of global primary production.
Are Genetic Counselors and GLBT Patients “on the Same Page”? an Investigation of Attitudes, Practices, and Genetic Counseling Experiences

Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) individuals comprise a growing patient population in genetic counseling, yet literature on working with this population is scarce. This study sought to investigate GLBT patient experiences in genetic counseling and genetic counselor attitudes and practices when counseling GLBT patients. Twenty-nine GLB individuals who had previously participated in genetic counseling, and 213 genetic counselors completed online surveys. No individuals identifying as transgender participated. The patient survey assessed disclosure of orientation, discrimination in genetic counseling, and quality of services received. The counselor survey assessed comfort with and attitudes about counseling GLBT patients, disclosure of counselor orientation, and whether they counsel differently with this population. Every patient denied experiencing discrimination during their session, but 17% reported their genetic counselor assumed they were heterosexual, and 45% indicated intake forms were not GLBT-inclusive. A majority of counselors (91%) reported having counseled GLBT patients and indicated they were comfortable doing so (86%), and 72% indicated no differences in their counseling approaches with GLBT patients. Few counselors (17%) received training in GLBT issues, and most (61%) desired such education. Additional findings and practice and research recommendations are presented.
Development of open‐field behavior in mice: Effects of age and experience

Offspring from each of two inbred strains of mice (BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J) and their reciprocal crosses were tested in an open-field apparatus at 10 ages, from 15 to 120 days. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were performed to assess separately the effects of age and prior test experience on open-field activity and defecation. Increased activity was associated with increased age in both strains and their F1 reciprocal hybrids; however, the magnitude of this effect was a function of the genotype. Defecation also increased initially in all groups as a function of age; but, at later ages, different groups exhibited rather dissimilar defecation patterns. Prior experience was found to decrease activity in the open field in inbred strains and their reciprocal hybrids. The effect of prior experience on defecation was more complex: Within the two inbred strains, prior experience had relatively little effect on the pattern of defecation; for the F1 hybrids, however, prior experience led to a significant increase in defecation at most ages. It was suggested that the differential effect of test experience on open-field activity and defecation represents a separation of two components of open-field behavior, “exploration” and “emotionality.”
Comparative effects of hypophysectomy, ergocornine and ergocornine-reserpine treatments on rat mammary carcinoma.

Sprague-Dawley rats bearing DMBA-induced mammary tumors were hypo-physectomized or injected with ergocornine or with ergocornine plus reserpine. Each treatment caused a prompt and prolonged regression of the tumors. Hypophysectomy was shown to be more effective in promoting tumor regression than treatment with ergocornine alone. However, reserpine administered in combination with ergocornine produced mammary tumor regression not significantly different from that obtained after hypophysectomy. These results are believed to provide a basis for further studies with drugs or drug combinations that can influence hypothalamic and/or pituitary activity to promote mammary tumor regression, and thus serve as a possible alternative to endocrine ablative procedures.
Ultraviolet imaging of the anode attachment in transferred-arc plasma cutting

The anode phenomena occurring at the location of current transfer from the plasma jet to the plate affects cut quality in plasma cutting of mild steel plate. To understand these phenomena, an ultraviolet imaging technique was used to visualize the anode attachment spot under various cutting conditions. This technique has provided a unique view and fostered a better understanding of the plasma-arc cutting process.
Axial and radial profiles in conductivities, water storage and native embolism in trunks of young and old-growth ponderosa pine trees

Ponderosa pine has very wide sapwood, and yet the spatial and temporal use of that sapwood for water transport is poorly understood. Moreover, there have been few comparisons of function in tips of old-growth trees in comparison with young trees. In the present study, axial and radial specific conductivity ( k s ), leaf specific conductivity (LSC), leaf specific conductance ( k l ), native embolism and the compartmentalization of sapwood water storage were characterized in trunks of young and old-growth trees. Trunks of young trees had lower k s , lower LSC and lower native embolism [corresponding to 5% loss of conductivity (PLC)] than trunks of old-growth trees. However, k l in young trees was 3.5 times higher than in old-growth trees, supporting the hypothesis that tall trees have a reduced ability to transport water to their leaves. Water storage (capacitance) of young trees was not significantly different than at the base of old-growth trees. Although the top of the old-growth trees had similar k s , LSC and k l to the young trees for a given cambial age, they had higher native embolism and lower capacitance. There was no trade-off between k s and native embolism at any height. In the tree crown, outer sapwood had 35‐50% higher k s than the inner sapwood and 17‐25 PLC lower native embolism. At the base of the old trees, there was no significant difference in native embolism between the outer, middle and inner sapwood, showing that refilling of embolisms was complete despite the 130-year difference in wood age among these radial positions. Although during the dry season the inner sapwood tended to be more saturated than the outer sapwood, the outer part of the sapwood contributed up to 60% of the overall stored water. Safer xylem, higher capacitance and higher k l would appear adaptive in the young trees for regulating their water resource, which is likely to be less reliable than the water availability of older trees with their more developed root system.