cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Santa Barbara Wellness Project: Development and Implementation

This article discusses the creation, implementation and maintenance of the Santa Barbara Wellness Project. This initiative was developed in response to an increase in Latino teen suicides in Santa Barbara County in recent years. Community members including mental health professionals, university faculty and students, concerned citizens, youth and parents came together to help form a prevention program in the wake of this adversity. A basic program including components of relaxation, stress management, problem-solving, and decision-making was developed through consultation among these groups and modifications continue as needed. The program is rooted in the empowerment philosophy of Freire (1973, 2004). Thus far, over 500 individuals have been trained and we are in the process of conducting program evaluation. Challenges, “lessons learned,” and successes are discussed.
Integrating Theory and Empirical Science in School Psychology: Progress and Remaining Challenges

Abstract. This article reviews progress made since Hughes (2000a) criticized intervention research in school psychology for insufficient consideration of theory. A review of contemporary interventi...
Using Wavelet Stochastic Estimation to correlate near-field pressure to velocity POD modes in a supersonic jet

Streamwise PIV and near-field pressure measurements were made simultaneously to explore the physics of an over-expanded, supersonic, axisymmetric jet. The near-field pressure consisted of two linear arrays diametrically opposed and with 16 microphones on each array. Wavelet Stochastic Estimation was employed to extract frequency information from the pressure field and then correlate the selected frequencies to the velocity measurements. It was found that the shock associated component contained symmetric flow features in the mixing layer and a strong oscillation along the jet centerline. At the same time the pressure field was also highly correlated with low frequency instability waves, which was supported by the high correlation to the first few axial and radial POD modes. The ability to simultaneously measure velocity and near-field pressure and then correlate the two measurements has proven valuable to understanding the flow physics responsible for the near-field pressure signature.
Frequency locking and vortex dynamics of an acoustically excited bluff body stabilized flame

This paper presents measurements of the forced response of a bluff body stabilized flame. The nonreacting, unforced flow exhibits intrinsic oscillations associated with an unstable, global wake mode. This same global mode persists in the reacting flow at low density ratios, but disappears at high flame density ratios where the flow is dominated by the convectively unstable shear layers. The flow responds quite differently to forcing in these two situations, exhibiting a roughly linear input-output character in the convectively unstable regime, but exhibiting nonlinear behavior, such as frequency locking, during global mode oscillations. In this work, a reacting bluff body wake is subjected to harmonic, longitudinal, acoustic forcing, providing a symmetric disturbance. This experiment is conducted at several density ratios as well as different spacing between the forcing frequency and global mode frequency. As the spacing between these frequencies is narrowed, the wake response is drawn away from the global mode frequency and approaches (and eventually locks-into) the forcing frequency. This observation seems to be linked to the spatial distribution of vorticity fluctuations, as well as the symmetry of the vortex shedding. For example, for large spacing between the forcing and global mode frequencies, there is significant response at the forcing frequency in the shear layers, but little response is observed along the flow centerline (which itself exhibits strong oscillations at the global mode frequency). This seems to be due to the symmetry of vortical structures that are shed at the forcing frequency. For small spacing between these frequencies, however, the vortices shed symmetrically at the forcing frequency, but quickly stagger into an asymmetric configuration as they convect downstream. For such cases, we observe a strong response of the wake at the forcing frequency. The axial distance required for such staggering to occur is a function of the spacing between the forcing frequency and natural frequency, the flame density ratio, and the intensity of the forcing.
Hegel, Peirce, and Royce on the Concept of Essence

ABSTRACT: This article focuses on the role that Hegel’s concept of essence (Wesen) played in the thinking of Charles Sanders Peirce and Josiah Royce, two of the primary figures in the canon of classical American philosophy. It elaborates on Robert Stern’s discussion of Hegel and Peirce by claiming that the second book of Hegel’s Logic, entitled “The Doctrine of Essence,” can be understood as Hegel’s attempt to account for the experimental and turbulent character of human experience, a character that Peirce would term “Secondness.” While Pierce remained dissatisfied with Hegel’s relative neglect of Secondness, Peirce recognized the importance of this attempt in the yearly years of the twentieth century, with the help of the Josiah Royce’s detailed understanding of Hegel.
Multiple dermatofibromas in a female with systemic lupus erythramatosus on immunosuppressive medications. Case report and a brief literature review

Abstract Background: Multiple dermatofibromas (“DFs”) are defined by the presence of 15 lesions in the same patient or the development of five to eight DFs over the period of 4 months. Fifty-six percent of multiple DFs are associated with other diseases. The most common associated disease is systemic lupus erythematosus (“SLE”) followed by immunodeficiency virus (“HIV”) infection. Main observation: We report a case of a 25-year-old Saudi Arab female with SLE on immunosuppressive drugs with multiple DFs. Conclusion: The most common association with multiple DFs is SLE followed by HIV. Most of the patients with SLE were on immune suppressive medications. Dermatologists, rheumatologists, surgeons and internists should note that patients with SLE who are on immune suppressive medications are at risk of developing multiple DFs.
Visual Context Processing Dysfunctions in Youth at High Risk for Psychosis: Resistance to the Ebbinghaus Illusion and Its Symptom and Social and Role Functioning Correlates

Impaired visual context processing is closely linked with expression of symptoms in people with psychosis. However, to date, there have been no investigations of this phenomenon in the critical ultra high-risk (UHR) period immediately preceding the onset of psychosis. In total, 73 participants (33 UHR, 40 control) were evaluated with clinical and global functioning interviews and with a computerized task that required comparing the size of 2 target circles. Targets could appear by themselves (no-context condition), or within a context that made size judgment easier (helpful condition) or more difficult (misleading condition). Susceptibility to illusion was measured as the accuracy differences between the no-context and the helpful (i.e., helpful-index) and the misleading (i.e., misleading-index) conditions. Both groups exhibited approximately the same percentage of accurate responses to the no-context condition. However, the UHR subjects exhibited significantly less susceptibility to the illusion, performing superior to controls on the misleading index. The UHR group also showed less susceptibility on the helpful index, but this was not significant. Lower susceptibility on the misleading index was associated with increased negative symptoms and role functioning at a trend level. Lower susceptibility on the helpful index was significantly associated with increased negative symptoms and both poor role and social functioning. These results indicate that visual context processing is impaired during the UHR period, and is related to core illness features, suggesting that this task may be a useful biomarker in studies of UHR participants.
Reactive Power Measurement Based on Quasi-synchrony Algorithm and IIR Hilbert Transformer

Reactive power measurement of non-sinusoidal circuit is the hot-spot research in Electric Power System.For accurate measurement of reactive power in non-sinusoidal circuit,this article introduces a method integrating quasi-synchronous sampling theory with digital-phase-shift network..The method not only solves the problem of traditional idea,but also achieves high accuracy while wide frequency fluctuation with quasi-synchronous algorithm.The simulation shows that we can approximate the accuracy of ideal synchronous sampling condition with this new method.The design method for reactive power measurement using quasi-synchronous algorithm and IIR-Hilbert Transformer can be applied on Multi-Function Power Meter with lowhardware cost,high accuracy and easy implementation.
Hospital Detection of Sickle Cell Disease

Since sickle cell disease mimics many other disorders, it may be misdiagnosed unless screening is performed routinely; in addition, its presence tends to complicate other diseases and require alterations in the way these are managed. Emphasis is placed on the avoidance of unnecessary surgery, the proper choice of anesthesia when it is necessary, and a variety of other measures that can help ward off crises.
Performance goals for internal quality control of multichannel haematology analysers

Performance goals for analytic bias and analytic imprecision are presented for multichannel haematology analysers. These goals represent a compromise between limits that would cause minimal degradation in the information content for clinical decisions and limits that are achievable by current instruments. For midrange measurements the maximal limits for total analytic bias are +/- 14.6% for WBC, +/- 5.3% for RBC, +/- 4.5% for Hb concentration, +/- 4.2% for MCV, and +/- 22% for platelet counts. The limits include error inherent in calibrator value assignment, instrument calibration, instrument drift, and instrument non-linearity as well as the quality control systems necessary to monitor each of these processes. If analytic biases are held within the proposed limits, the clinical specificities of the assays will be decreased by less than 7% for all assays except that platelet counts will have a decrease in specificity of about 15%. Analytic imprecision has minimal direct effect on clinical decisions because the influence of within-person and across-person biological variation dominates. However, analytic imprecision is a major factor in the control of analytic bias and thereby remains an important quality control factor.
Microbial Pathogens in Fresh Produce -- the Regulatory Perspective

The potential for microbial contamination of fruits and vegetables is high because of the wide variety of conditions to which the produce is exposed during growth, harvest, and distribution. Heat treatment may also destroy the protective barriers (peels, husks, rinds) of fruits and vegetables, permitting the entry of microbial pathogens into the produce and providing them access to nutrients essential for their growth and proliferation. Proper refrigeration, storage, and shipping conditions as well as removal of soil from fresh produce by washing with chlorinated water are recommended to prevent contamination.
Evaluating the Legal Challenges and Effects of Counterterrorism Policy

Since September 11, 2001, a significant portion of the public policy in the United States has focused upon the threat of terrorism. Following the attacks, the need for increased attention to counterterrorism resulted in substantial allocations of public funding toward these initiatives. Yet, researchers conducting systematic reviews of the literature surrounding counterterrorism strategies have suggested that very few rigorous evaluations of such strategies actually exist, despite these substantial expenditures (Journal of Experimental Criminology 2:489–516, 2006). Even more surprisingly, this shortage of evaluation research persists despite the considerable amount of scholarly attention focused on the topic of terrorism. An example of this can be seen with respect to the numerous legal issues surrounding terror prevention. Post-9/11 legal issues have often taken center stage within policy debates regarding terrorism; some examples include the legality and propriety of interrogation methods, indefinite detentions, wiretapping, and numerous other issues of legal policy. However, while legal scholars have energetically published doctrinal analyses of these issues, few empirical studies related to legal issues have been conducted and even fewer of these can be called evaluations. Thus, this chapter explores the empirical literature related to law and terrorism. Following this, suggestions for areas of research that would benefit from a more detailed investigation are discussed.
The Associated Friends in Volume 4:1

Recent Acquisitions in English by J. Milton French; Art Reference Books; Associated Friends Gift; Gifts; New Members
The Use of Telehealth to Teach Reproductive Health to Female Rural High School Students

Abstract Study Objective To evaluate the use of telehealth to teach reproductive health to rural areas with high rates of teen pregnancy. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Two high schools in rural West Virginia. Participants High school female students who attended telehealth sessions. Interventions Teleconferencing equipment connected rural high schools to a distal academic institution. Telehealth sessions included reproductive health and life skills topics. Demographic information, session pre- and post-tests, and 6- month assessment was obtained. Main Outcome Measures Reproductive health knowledge, behavior, and self-efficacy were assessed at intervention and at 6 months, along with Likert scale evaluation of telehealth as an educational tool. Results Fifty-five students participated in the program with an average age of 16.14 (SD 1.24) years. Only 20% (10/50) of subjects' mothers and 12% (6/50) of subjects' fathers had achieved education beyond high school, and 20% (10/50) of subject's mothers had experienced teen pregnancies (age 18 or younger). Sexual activity was reported among 52% (26/50) of subjects, 4/50 (8%) reported desire to become pregnant within the next year, and 4/50 (8%) reported already pregnant. Thirty-seven students completed the 6-month follow-up survey. Reported condom use increased from 20% (10/50) at baseline to 40% (15/37) at 6 months (P = .04) and hormonal contraception use increased from 22% (11/50) to 38% (14/37) (P = .12). Report of human papillomavirus vaccination increased from 38% (10/26) to 70% (26/37) (P = .001) among all subjects. At 6 months, 91.8% (34/37) reported the use of telehealth was “very effective” as a means to teach the material. Conclusions Telehealth is an effective tool to teach reproductive health to rural areas.
Contribution of biomechanics to clinical practice in orthopaedics

Summary form only given. In the past 30 years, the author and his colleagues have focused their research on the biomechanics of musculoskeletal soft tissues, ligaments and tendons, in particular. Therefore, in this lecture, the function of knee ligaments, the associated homeostatic responses secondary to immobilization and exercise, and healing of the ligaments will be reviewed. Examples of scientific findings that help to guide the surgical management of injury to ligaments will be given. New ideas on functional tissue engineering to improve the healing of knee ligaments and tendons will be presented. These studies showed that tendons and ligaments are indeed complex biological tissues. To fully understand their behavior, healing and remodelling processes, the author advocates major efforts be made to bring molecular biologists, morphologists, biochemists, bioengineers, physical therapists and clinicians to work together in a seamless manner to solve these complicated problems. As biomechanics is a field to study force and motion of the living, which includes molecules to cells to tissues to organs to the whole body, it has and will continue to be an integral part seeking solutions that will help injured patients to return to their sports activities more quickly and completely.
Comparison of Selective Media for Primary Isolation of Campylobacters

Many different types of selective media have been developed3–5, 7, 9, 11, 12. The foremost characteristic of an effective (“high performance”) plating media is the support of the growth of a wide range of C. jejuni strains with inhibition of the growth of other unwanted bacteria (background microbial flora). Background flora associated with Campylobacter is dependent upon the sample matrix2. Campylobacter-selective, high performance media were based on the ability of the media to recover the most campylobacters (“high, target signal”) with least colonization by background contaminants (“low, competitive signal. Plate counts are the scores of distinct values for colonization by Campylobacter (“target signal” C for Campylobacter percent recovery) versus colonization by flora (“competitive signal” F for flora percent recovery). The calculated test measure differential recovery% is differential recovery %=C − F(Eqn. 1). The ratiometric recovery is ratiometric recovery = C/(C+F) (Eqn. 2). The differential recovery% value approaching 100 represents overwhelming growth of Campylobacter in the presence of little or no flora. However this test measure may not resolve situations in which there is equivalent suppression of Campylobacter growth or enhancement flora colonization. The ratiometric measure used in tandem with the differential measure resolves this redundancy. Most of the trends in variation in the data were visualized using differential recovery% side-by-side range boxplots6,10.
Combining Virtual Surgical Planning, Intraoperative Navigation, and 3-Dimensional Printing in Prosthetic-Based Bilateral Microtia Reconstruction

Reconstructing auricular deformities for bilateral microtia is a demanding challenge especially after failed autologous reconstruction. This case report presents a novel application of virtual surgical planning, computer-assisted design, and intraoperative surgical navigation to preplan and execute placement of custom-tailored silicone auricular prostheses and titanium osseointegrated implants for a bone-anchored hearing aid system in a patient with Treacher Collins syndrome in whom autologous reconstruction had previously failed. Through a collaborative approach between the reconstructive surgeon and anaplastologist, the implementation of advanced digital technologies may offer a superior esthetic and functional outcome to patients with previously failed reconstruction.
Abstract 15807: The Changing Epidemiology of Myocardial Infarction in the Population, 1995-2012

Background: Contemporary data on the epidemiology of myocardial infarction (MI) in the population are limited and derived primarily from cohorts of hospitalized MI patients. We assessed temporal tr...
Heritage of death: landscapes of emotion, memory and practice

Heritage of painful pasts has received increased scholarly attention in recent years, and for good reason. While the practice of recognizing human tragedy or commemorating certain deaths has a long...
The Practical Distinction Between Living Wills and Physician (Pennsylvania) Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST)

IntroductionIf a person has a legal living will, which is supposed to provide evidence of his/her personal wishes regarding end-of-life care, then what is the purpose of generating a Physician's/Pe...
Depression and Perspectives of Nigerian Immigrant Men in the United States: An Applied Ethnographic Study:

Introduction: Depression is among the most serious health problems experienced by immigrants. Research has not sufficiently explored the perspectives of immigrant men from male-dominant cultures on...
Observations on the Variability of Undrained Side Resistance for Deep Foundations

ABSTRACT The measured side resistances of deep foundations tend toward better agreement with predicted values as the depth of the foundation increases. Statistical methods are applied to foundation capacity and indicate a decrease in the coefficient of variation of side resistance with increasing foundation depth. The statistical model compares favorably with drilled shaft and pile load test data. These results imply that deeper foundations can be designed with reduced factors of safety while maintaining a consistent level of reliability.
Georg Cantor: Diagonal Method

This chapter discusses the famous diagonal method of Georg Cantor to prove that the real numbers are uncountable. Two variants on the classic proof are presented, one involving probability.
The Evaluation of Revolutions

1. The naive person, contemplating social reforms, thinks that they are justified if the end-state, E, is better than the initial state I, i.e., if E>I. 2. A more reflective person realizes1 that the inequality must include reference to the cost of the reform, C R , and action will only be justified if E> I + CR A consequence of this is that small reforms of large societies are usually unjustifiable because C R is so large. Another lemma is that small, flexible, societies can reap the benefits of improvements that are ‘inaccessible’ to larger ones.
Mitigating the adverse impact of strategic waiting in dynamic pricing settings: A study of two sales mechanisms

As post-season clearance sales become more prevalent, more customers postpone their purchases and wait for the clearance price. This form of strategic waiting can reduce retailers’ revenue. As a way to mitigate the negative effect of strategic waiting, we analyze two sales mechanisms in this chapter. The first sales mechanism deals with the way inventory information is conveyed to customers. Specifically, we consider two types of inventory display formats under which the retailer can either display all (DA) available units to the customers or display one (DO) unit at a time so that customers have perfect (imperfect) information about the actual inventory level under the DA (DO) display format. The second sales mechanism involves an additional purchasing option that allows each customer to make a “non-withdrawable reservation.” Specifically, if a customer reserves an item during the season and the reserved item remains unsold at the end of the season, then this customer is obligated to purchase the reserved item at the clearance price. In this chapter, we analyze the implications of these two sales mechanisms on the customers’ strategic purchasing behavior, the retailer’s optimal pricing and ordering decisions, and the retailer’s expected profit.
Uptake and safety of Hepatitis B vaccination during pregnancy: A Vaccine Safety Datalink study.

Abstract Introduction Infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) during pregnancy, although uncommon, is associated with gestational complications and pre-term labor. Hepatitis A vaccine (HepA) is recommended for anyone at increased risk for contracting hepatitis A, including women at risk who are also pregnant. Limited data are available on the safety of maternal HepA vaccination. Objectives Assess the frequency of maternal HepA receipt and evaluate the potential association between maternal vaccination and pre-specified maternal and infant safety outcomes. Methods A retrospective cohort of pregnancies in the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) resulting in live births from 2004 through 2015 was included. Pregnancies with HepA exposure were compared to those with other vaccine exposures, and to those with no vaccine exposures. Risk factors for contracting hepatitis A were identified up to one-year prior to or during the pregnancy using ICD-9 codes. Maternal and fetal adverse events were evaluated according to maternal HepA exposure status. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) were used to describe the association. Results Among 666,233 pregnancies in the study period, HepA was administered at a rate of 1.7 per 1000 (n = 1140), most commonly within the first six weeks of pregnancy. Less than 3% of those exposed to HepA during pregnancy had an ICD-confirmed risk factor. There were no significant associations between HepA exposure during pregnancy and gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, cesarean delivery, pre-term delivery, and low birthweight. There was a statistically significant association between HepA exposure during pregnancy and small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants (aOR 1.32, [95% CI 1.09, 1.60], p = 0.004). Conclusions The rate of maternal HepA vaccination was low and rarely due to documented risk factors for vaccination. HepA vaccination during pregnancy was not associated with an increased risk for a range of adverse events examined among pregnancies resulting in live births, but an identified association between maternal HepA and SGA infant outcomes, while likely due to unmeasured confounding, warrants further exploration.
Working toward precision medicine approaches to treat severe obesity in adolescents: report of an NIH workshop

Adolescent severe obesity is a prevalent, chronic, and serious disease with few effective and safe treatment options. To address this issue, a National Institutes of Health-sponsored workshop entitled "Developing Precision Medicine Approaches to the Treatment of Severe Obesity in Adolescents," was convened, bringing together a multidisciplinary group of experts to review the current state of the science and identify (1) what is known regarding the epidemiology and biopsychosocial determinants of severe obesity in adolescents, (2) what is known regarding effectiveness of treatments for severe obesity in adolescents and predictors of response, and (3) gaps and opportunities for future research to develop more effective and targeted treatments for adolescents with severe obesity. Major topical areas discussed at the workshop included: appropriate BMI metrics, valid measures of phenotypes and predictors, mechanisms associated with the development of severe obesity, novel treatments informed by biologically and psychosocially plausible mechanisms, biopsychosocial phenotypes predicting treatment response, standardization of outcome measures and results reporting in research, and improving clinical care. Substantial gaps in knowledge were identified regarding the basic behavioral, psychosocial, and biological mechanisms driving the development of severe obesity and the influence of these factors on treatment response. Additional exploratory and observational studies are needed to better understand the heterogeneous etiology of severe obesity and explain the high degree of variability observed with interventions. Tailored treatment strategies that may be developed by achieving a better understanding of individual differences in genetic endowment, clinical, metabolic, psychological, and behavioral phenotypes, and response to environmental exposures need to be tested. It is anticipated that these recommendations for future research, including strategies to enhance methodological rigor, will advance precision medicine approaches to treat severe obesity in adolescents more effectively.
Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis Following Repair of H-type Tracheoesophageal Fistula Repair and Post-operative Erythromycin Therapy

We present a rare case of a newborn with H-type tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) who developed pyloric stenosis postoperatively, 10 days after he was started on erythromycin to promote gastric emptying. We report this case to describe the relationship between H-type TEF repair, erythromycin therapy, and the development of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
Utilization of Scanning Acoustic Microscope (SAM) to prove the existence of stress relaxation in woven composite

Nonlinear ultrasonic techniques have shown the prominent potential for assessing progressive damage occurred in the composite materials in their fatigue life cycles. Stress relaxation in composite material is being measured in two ways, in-situ analysis (on-line technique) using Lamb waves and Off-line technique using pressure wave (Scanning Acoustic Microscope). In this article, the progressive damage was investigated by a set of fatigue loading experiments on woven composite samples followed by a specific duration of stress relaxation in room temperature condition. A quantitative measure of stress relaxation is determined using Scanning Acoustic Microscope for a fatigue cycle of 225000 with the loading frequency of 10 Hz. To prove this claim, a well-established reduced order nonlinear state of Lamb wave due to stress-relaxation was compared with SAM data analysis. A good agreement between these two techniques is reported herein.
Distributed Code for Semantic Relations Predicts Neural Similarity

Abstract The ability to generate and process semantic relations is central to many aspects of human cognition. Theorists have long debated whether such relations are coded as atomistic links in a semantic network, or as distributed patterns over some core set of abstract relations. The form and content of the conceptual and neural representations of semantic relations remains to be empirically established. The present study combined computational modeling and neuroimaging to investigate the representation and comparison of abstract semantic relations in the brain. By using sequential presentation of verbal analogies, we decoupled the neural activity associated with encoding the representation of the first-order semantic relation between words in a pair from that associated with the second-order comparison of two relations. We tested alternative computational models of relational similarity in order to distinguish between rival accounts of how semantic relations are coded and compared in the brain. Analyses of neural similarity patterns supported the hypothesis that semantic relations are coded, in the parietal cortex, as distributed representations over a pool of abstract relations specified in a theory-based taxonomy. These representations, in turn, provide the immediate inputs to the process of analogical comparison, which draws on a broad frontoparietal network. This study sheds light not only on the form of relation representations but also on their specific content. Significance Relations provide basic building blocks for language and thought. For the past half century, cognitive scientists exploring human semantic memory have sought to identify the code for relations. In a neuroimaging paradigm, we tested alternative computational models of relation processing that predict patterns of neural similarity during distinct phases of analogical reasoning. The findings allowed us to draw inferences not only about the form of relation representations, but also about their specific content. The core of these distributed representations is based on a relatively small number of abstract relation types specified in a theory-based taxonomy. This study helps to resolve a longstanding debate concerning the nature of the conceptual and neural code for semantic relations in the mind and brain.
Rare case of osteomyelitis caused by Gardnerella vaginalis and Streptococcus parasanguinis in a postmenopausal woman

Vertebral osteomyelitis is an infection of the vertebrae that can lead to spinal degeneration, most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Here, we report an unusual case of pyogenic osteomyelitis caused by Gardnerella vaginalis and Streptococcus parasanguinis in a 61-year-old postmenopausal woman. The patient presented with a 2-week history of worsening lower back pain and fever and a recent episode of cystitis following re-engagement of sexual activity. Imaging revealed a deterioration of vertebrae discs and spinal canal stenosis at the L3-L4 levels with a formation of abscess in the right psoas muscle. Needle aspiration of the abscess identified G. vaginalis and S. parasanguinis and the patient was successfully treated with a 6-week course of ceftriaxone and metronidazole. This case describes an unusual coinfection of two pathogens that normally reside in the urogenital tract and oral cavity, respectively, and highlights the risk posed when these organisms breach the body’s normal barriers.
Liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma

The natural history of untreated HCC varies depending on the stage at presentation and the degree of underlying liver disease. However, even in patients with early stages, the prognosis is poor if the disease is left untreated [1, 2]. As primary medical therapy has failed to significantly improve survival, surgical resection and orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) represent the only treatment options offering a prospect for cure with 5-year survival rates of up to 50% [3–5] and 70% [6, 7], respectively.
Association of Early Treatment With Chronicity and Hazard of Hospitalization After New Adjustment Disorder.

Objective:This study aimed to examine the effect of early treatment with psychotherapy or psychoactive medications on later hospitalizations for patients with a new diagnosis of adjustment disorder...
Hypoperfusion of the deep capillary plexus associated with acute on chronic cocaine use

Abstract Purpose To illustrate a case of decreased perfusion in the deep capillary plexus seen on ocular coherence tomography angiography in a patient with acute on chronic cocaine use. Observations A 69-year-old male who presented with a sudden loss of vision in his right eye following recent use of cocaine. Ocular coherence tomography of the right eye revealed hyperreflectivity within layers of the retina and ocular coherence tomography angiography showed decreased vascular density and flow in the deep capillary plexus. Conclusions and importance Cocaine use has been associated with systemic and cardiac effects, as well as ocular sequelae. It has been hypothesized to have a role in the pathogenesis of acute macular neuroretinopathy. Here we present the first case of ocular coherence tomography angiography findings of hypoperfusion of the deep capillary plexus in a patient with acute on chronic cocaine use.
Covered Iliac Stenting for Acute on Chronic Ischemia Following Thoracotomy

Covered right common and external iliac stents (GORE®VIABAHN® Endoprosthesis) were deployed in patient with acute on chronic ischemia which occurred following thoracotomy and lobectomy for lung carcinoma. Simultaneous right femoral endarterectomy with patch grafting was performed. Patient has been followed for 4 years with satisfactory result.
Phase II trial of a PARP inhibitor in somatic BRCA mutant metastatic breast cancer.

TPS1113Background: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are now approved for patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutated HER2 negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, germline BRCA1/2 ...
Alterations in the Duodenal Fluid Microbiome of Patients With Pancreatic Cancer

Abstract Background & Aims The tumor microbiome of patients with pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) includes bacteria normally present in the upper gastrointestinal tract. If the predominant source of intratumoral bacteria in patients with PDAC is retrograde migration from the duodenum, duodenal fluid could be a representative biospecimen for determining microbiome profiles of patients with PDAC or at risk of developing PDAC. Methods We performed a case-control study comparing bacterial and fungal (16S and 18S rRNA) profiles of secretin-stimulated duodenal fluid collections from 308 patients undergoing duodenal endoscopy including 134 normal pancreas control subjects, 98 patients with pancreatic cyst(s) and 74 patients with PDAC. Results Alterations in duodenal fluid microbiomes with diminished alpha diversity were significantly associated with age >70 and proton pump inhibitor use. Patients with PDAC had significantly decreased duodenal microbial alpha diversity compared with age-matched control subjects with normal pancreata and those with pancreatic cyst(s). There was evidence of enrichment of Bifidobacterium genera in the duodenal fluid of patients with PDAC compared with control subjects and those with pancreatic cyst(s). There were also enrichment of duodenal fluid Fusobacteria and Rothia bacteria among patients with PDAC with short-term survival. Duodenal fluid microbiome profiles were not significantly different between control subjects and patients with pancreatic cyst(s). Conclusion Patients with PDAC have alterations in their duodenal fluid microbiome profiles compared with patients with pancreatic cysts and those with normal pancreata. ClinicalTrials.gov , Number: NCT02000089
Preparing Students for Living in a Technological Society: A Problem Solving Approach to Teaching

The ever changing perception of the roll of technology in our society provides educators with a myriad of challenges and problems for the curriculum. Technology is alternately seen as a major source of society's problems, or as the salvation of society. This confused role, compounded with the current trend toward life-long learning, and the need for future citizens who can function effectively in a modern technological society, provides educators with innumerable opportunities for integrating realistic problem solving techniques into the teaching environment. The purpose of this article is to provide practical suggestions on how a technological problem solving environment can be created and used by educators in any area of study to help prepare students for living in our modern society.
Pediatric Angioedema

Angioedema is a self-limited nonpitting edema generally affecting the deeper layers of the skin and mucous membranes. It is the result of increased vascular permeability causing the leakage of fluid into the skin in response to potent vasodilators released by immunologic mediators. Two main pathways are thought to be implicated in angioedema. The mast cell pathway in which preformed mediators, such as histamine, rapidly formed mediators, leukotrienes and prostaglandins, are released from mast cells through IgE or direct activation. This is the most common pathway among children, with food, medications, and infections commonly implicated. The second pathway is the kinin pathway, most notably affected by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and hereditary forms of angioedema, which ultimately results in the formation of bradykinin, a potent vasodilator. Angioedema is being encountered with increasing frequency, particularly among children and is important to recognize and treat for its life-threatening associated manifestations such as anaphylaxis and airway obstruction. Although angioedema is still not fully understood, we have broadened our understanding of the possible causes and clinical course of angioedema. An understanding of these potential causes and mechanisms by which angioedema can occur may guide the clinician in determining the need for diagnostic testing and the extent of treatment.
r/WatchRedditDie and the politics of reddit’s bans and quarantines

The subreddit r/WatchRedditDie was founded in 2015 after reddit started implementing anti-harassment policies, and positions itself as a “fire alarm for reddit” meant to voyeuristically watch reddi...
Single Neuron Modeling

Chapter 1 provides a detailed introduction to the working parts of a neuron, including conductance-based models of action potential generation, synaptic and dendritic processing, and ion channels. Two important mathematical topics are also introduced. First, the dynamics of a periodically forced neural oscillator is used to introduce phase-reduction and averaging methods, phase-resetting curves, and synchronization. These are later applied to the study of waves in oscillatory neural media. Second, a detailed account of stochastic ion channels and membrane voltage fluctuations is given, which also provides background material on stochastic processes. A major theme is how to model and analyze stochastic hybrid systems, in which a continuous variable (e.g., voltage) couples to a discrete jump Markov process (e.g., number of open ion channels). Spontaneous action potential generation is formulated as a first passage time problem, which is solved using perturbation methods such as WKB and matched asymptotics. These methods are later used to analyze related problems such as the generation of calcium sparks and bistability in populations of spiking neurons.
The Nurnberg funnel: designing minimalist instruction for practical computer skill

How do people acquire beginning competence at using new technology? The legendary Funnel of Nurnberg was said to make people wise very quickly when the right knowledge was poured in; it is an approach that designers continue to apply in trying to make instruction more efficient. This book describes a quite different instructional paradigm that uses what learners do spontaneously to find meaning in the activities of learning. It presents the "minimalist" approach to instructional design - its origins in the study of people's learning problems with computer systems, its foundations in the psychology of learning and problem solving, and its application in a variety of case studies.Carroll demonstrates that the minimalist approach outperforms the standard "systems approach" in every relevant way - the learner, not the system determines the model and the methods of instruction. It supports the rapid achievement of realistic projects right from the start of training, instead of relying on drill and practice techniques, and designing for error recognition and recovery as basic instructional events, instead of seeing error as failure. The book's many examples - including a brief discussion of recent commercial applications - will help researchers and practitioners apply and develop this new instructional technology.John M. Carroll has participated for a number of years as a leader in the interdisciplinary field of human-computer interactions. He is Manager of User Interface Theory and Design at IBM's Watson Research Center. The Nurnberg Funnel inaugurates the Technical Communications series, edited by Ed Barrett.
Pulse Duration Dependence of 1064-nm Laser Damage Thresholds of Porous Silica Antireflection Coatings on Fused Silica Substrates

We used 1064-nm pulses with durations of 1, 5, 9 ns to measure laser-damage thresholds of 10 porous silica antireflection coatings deposited from both methanol and ethanol solutions containing silica particles with diameters of 10-20 nm. The median thresholds measured at the three pulse durations, 10.8 J/cm/sup 2/, 26.5 J/cm/sup 2/, and 38 J/cm/sup 2/, scaled as pulse duration to the 0.56 power. 4 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
Writing Plays for Nigerian Children

Drama is one of the most important artistic and communicative media in African cultures. From very ancient times through these days of the global village and space laboratories, drama has been used as a powerful instrument not only for artistic expression and critical reflection of values, but also for national growth and cultural continuity. It has further served as a potent vehicle of national identity and political aspirations. While the significance of drama in our lives has long been recognized and fully exploited by modem African playwrights, their creative productions seem to be made largely for adult audiences. Thus, whereas African adult plays are generally well-known, amply documented, and analyzed, the children's counterpart are scanty, unknown, and virtually nonexistent. Nor are serious and deliberate steps being taken now in the educational and cultural program of African countries to foster in children a genuine understanding of the nature of theatrical artifacts, their creation, consumption, and health evaluation. There is, therefore the need to develop a dynamic program that would expose African children to the total artistic and communicative resources of drama and theater in a way that fully develops their intellectual, emotional, and sociocultural potential. This article, then, attempts to examine some of the ways in which the high objectives comprehended in the program envisaged above may be
An adoption study of a clinical reminder system in ambulatory care using a developmental trajectory approach.

In this study, we assess 41 medical residents’ acceptance and adoption of a clinical reminder system for chronic disease and preventive care management in the ambulatory care environment using a novel developmental trajectory approach. This group-based, semi-parametric statistical modeling method identifies distinct groups, following distinct usage trajectories, among those who recorded use of the reminder system within an evaluation period of 10 months. We trace system use within these groups over time using computer-generated logs and user satisfaction surveys. Our preliminary analysis of this small sample of users delineates three categories of users. Feedback from these categories of users is being used to re-engineer the application and adapt it better to their workflow and functionality requirements. Despite the small sample size in this particular study, we conclude that this methodology has considerable promise to provide new insights into system usability and adoption issues that may benefit clinical decision support systems as well as information systems more generally.
Trace-Based symbolic analysis for atomicity violations

We propose a symbolic algorithm to accurately predict atomicity violations by analyzing a concrete execution trace of a concurrent program. We use both the execution trace and the program source code to construct a symbolic predictive model, which captures a large set of alternative interleavings of the events of the given trace. We use precise symbolic reasoning with a satisfiability modulo theory (SMT) solver to check the feasible interleavings for atomicity violations. Our algorithm differs from the existing methods in that all reported atomicity violations can appear in the actual program execution; and at the same time the feasible interleavings analyzed by our model are significantly more than other predictive models that guarantee the absence of false alarms.
Deficits in phoneme awareness do not arise from failures in rapid auditory processing

Many studies have found that phonologicaldeficits in poor readers are associated withdeficits in speech perception. Two hypotheseshave been proposed concerning the nature of thelatter: a speech-specific and a generalauditory hypothesis. The main topic of thepaper is the general auditory hypothesis andits special form as proposed by Tallal and hercolleagues (1993). Thepaper reviews the evidence for these hypothesesand finds it to be either purely correlationalor flawed by misinterpretation of resultsand/or lack of necessary experimental controls.Moreover, a recent control study, the first ofits kind, found no support for Tallal's specialform of the general auditory hypothesis. Thepaper concludes that deficits in speechperception often observed in impaired readersare phonetic (speech-specific), not auditory,in origin.
Cellular proliferation in proximal and distal rat colon during 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced carcinogenesis.

Abstract Sequential changes in proliferative parameters in proximal and distal colonic crypts were studied during 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced carcinogenesis using [ 3 H]thymidine autoradiography as a probe. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (20 mg/kg) and vehicle (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) control rats received weekly s.c. injections for 20 wk. All animals received a pulse of [ 3 H]thymidine before death at weeks 2, 6, 10, 16, 22, 26, or 30. In addition, 8 animals unexposed to 1,2-dimethylhydrazine or vehicle served as baseline controls. Dramatic regional differences were noted in the baseline controls. Crypt length, labeling index, and proliferative zone size were all significantly greater distally than proximally (p