cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
System performance characteristics of an air conditioner over a range of charging conditions

Abstract A popular type of residential air conditioner in the USA is the split system. These systems have an outdoor unit which houses the condenser, condenser fan, compressor and controls. A separate indoor unit houses the evaporator, expansion device and evaporator blower. As the refrigerant charge of these systems is adjusted during field installation, the potential exists for not setting the charge exactly to the manufacturer's specifications. The objective of the work reported here was to quantify the influence of the refrigerant charge on the steady-state and cyclic operation of a residential split-system air conditioner. A 3 ton unit with capillary tube expansion was tested. The charge was systematically varied to determine its effect on system variables such as capacity, flow-rate, evaporator superheat, power consumption and seasonal energy efficiency ration (SEER). The results indicated a large degradation in capacity for undercharging than for overchar at a given temperature. However, the trends in capacity as a function of temperature for undercharging were different from those for overcharging. The difference in trends was found by close examination of the refrigerant flow control provided by the capillary tube. Other results indicated that small amounts (5%) of undercharging caused as much as a 6% drop in the SEER.
Mergers and economic performance: The experience abroad

The authors test the hypothesis that weakening the nation's antimerger law, and encouraging corporate concentration, will enhance American competitiveness, by examining these claims in the light of the postwar experience of Western Europe and Japan. The evidence strongly suggests that policies encouraging merger-induced corporate size and high industrial concentration have generally failed to improve economic performance in Western Europe, and that they have not been prime determinants of the postwar Japanese economic "miracle."
Mapping of protein phosphatase-6 association with its SAPS domain regulatory subunit using a model of helical repeats

Helical repeat motifs are common among regulatory subunits for type-1 and type-2A protein Ser/Thr phosphatases. Yeast Sit4 is a distinctive type-2A phosphatase that has dedicated regulatory subunits named Sit4-Associated Proteins (SAPS). These subunits are conserved, and three human SAPS-related proteins are known to associate with PP6 phosphatase, the Sit4 human homologue. Here we show that endogenous SAPS subunit PP6R3 co-precipitates half of PP6 in cell extracts, and the SAPS region of PP6R3 is sufficient for binding PP6. The SAPS domain of recombinant GST-PP6R3 is relatively resistant to trypsin despite having many K and R residues, and the purified SAPS domain (residues 1-513) has a circular dichroic spectrum indicative of mostly alpha helical structure. We used sequence alignments and 3D-jury methods to develop alternative models for the SAPS domain, based on available structures of other helical repeat proteins. The models were used to select sites for charge-reversal substitutions in the SAPS domain of PP6R3 that were tested by co-precipitation of endogenous PP6c with FLAG-tagged PP6R3 from mammalian cells. Mutations that reduced binding with PP6 suggest that SAPS adopts a helical repeat similar to the structure of p115 golgin, but distinct from the PP2A-A subunit. These mutations did not cause perturbations in overall PP6R3 conformation, evidenced by no change in kinetics or preferential cleavage by chymotrypsin. The conserved SAPS domain in PP6R3 forms helical repeats similar to those in golgin p115 and negatively charged residues in interhelical loops are used to associate specifically with PP6. The results advance understanding of how distinctive helical repeat subunits uniquely distribute and differentially regulate closely related Ser/Thr phosphatases.
Fast Filtered Sampling

Traffic sampled from the network backbone using uniform packet sampling is commonly utilized to detect heavy hitters, estimate flow level statistics, as well as identify anomalies like DDoS attacks and worm scans. Previous work has shown however that this technique introduces flow bias and truncation which yields inaccurate flow statistics and ''drowns out'' information from small flows, leading to large false positives in anomaly detection. In this paper, we present a new sampling design: Fast Filtered Sampling (FFS), which is comprised of an independent low-complexity filter, concatenated with any sampling scheme at choice. FFS ensures the integrity of small flows for anomaly detection, while still providing acceptable identification of heavy hitters. This is achieved through a filter design which suppresses packets from flows as a function of their size, ''boosting'' small flows relative to medium and large flows. FFS design requires only one update operation per packet, has two simple control parameters and can work in conjunction with existing sampling mechanisms without any additional changes. Therefore, it accomplishes a lightweight online implementation of the ''flow-size dependent'' sampling method. Through extensive evaluation on traffic traces, we show the efficacy of FFS for applications such as portscan detection and traffic estimation.
Gluino decays and experimental signatures

Abstract Supersymmetry could be revealed by the discovery of gluinos, the supersymmetric partners of the gluons. Previously, it has been assumed that gluinos decay entirely into q q γ (or gG if a goldstino G exists) where the photino γ is assumed to be the lightest supersymmetric particle. We point out that the C- violating decay g → g γ could be competitive if there is sufficient mass splitting between the scalar partners of the left- ans right-handed quarks. We also consider four-body gluino decay modes which under certain conditions could dominate, and we relax the usual assumption of massless photinos. We discuss the phenomenological implications of these new modes and indicate the effects on possible experimental signatures of supersymmetry; when the g γ mode is large it greatly improves the possibilities for detecting gluinos in both collider and beam dump experiments, perhaps even allowing detection of individual events at colliders.
Differential Expression of PTP1D, a Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase with Two SH2 Domains, in Slow and Fast Skeletal Muscle Fibers

We show that PTP1D, a protein tyrosine phosphatase that contains two SH2 domains, is preferentially expressed in slow skeletal muscle fibers. Immunohistochemical staining using polyclonal antibodies against PTP1D demonstrated that PTP1D was expressed in a subpopulation of rodent muscle fibers. These fibers were identified as slow Type I fibers based on histochemical ATPase assays and slow myosin heavy chain expression. Northern and Western analyses showed that PTP1D levels were higher in predominantly slow muscles than in predominantly fast muscles. This differential expression of PTP1D in slow muscle fibers appeared by birth. In cultures of mouse myogenic cells, PTP1D was expressed after MyoD and myogenin and appeared in myotubes derived from embryonic, fetal, and postnatal myoblasts. Remarkably, PTP1D was organized into sarcomeres in a pattern coincident with myosin heavy chain, suggesting that PTP1D associates with a component of the thick filament. These results show that PTP1D is preferentially expressed in slow muscle fibers. We speculate that PTP1D may play a role in slow muscle fiber function and differentiation.
Surface and intracellular nicotinic receptors expressed in intact adrenal chromaffin cells: direct measurements using [3H]epibatidine

The presence and importance of assembled, intracellular neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) has not been established in native systems. In these studies [3H]epibatidine binding techniques were used to characterize surface and intracellular sites expressed in intact bovine adrenal chromaffin cells in culture. Permeant (300 microM nicotine) and impermeant (5 mM carbachol) cholinergic agents were used to define specific [3H]epibatidine binding to total (surface and intracellular) sites and surface sites, respectively. Intracellular [3H]epibatidine binding sites were characterized after eliminating surface binding sites via alkylation. Equilibrium binding to all sites was reached within 30 min at room temperature. Homologous (epibatidine) competition experiments on total (surface and intracellular) binding sites demonstrated a significant fraction of the high affinity sites were localized to intracellular compartments. Saturation binding assays to surface and intracellular sites revealed K(d) values of 1.9+/-1.1 and 3.6+/-1.9 nM, respectively. These binding studies document the existence of a significant population of high affinity, intracellular binding sites in native neuronal cells and support their characterization as assembled, alpha3beta4* nAChRs. Although the intracellular nAChRs represent approximately 70% of the total, high-affinity nAChRs expressed in cultured chromaffin cells, they do not appear to be involved in functional recovery after nAChR down-regulation.
Plasmodium falciparum: Analysis of chromosomes separated by contour-clamped homogenous electric fields

Abstract We have established improved conditions for separating the chromosomes of Plasmodium flaciparum by pulsed field gradient gel electrophoresis (PFG) using a contour-clamped homogenous electric field (CHEF) apparatus. Thirteen clearly separable chormosomal bands were reproducibly isolated from the strain FCR3 and their sizes have been determined. Evidence that indicates one band may contain two chromosomes is presented. The relationship between the PFG separable DNA and the number of unique chromosomes in P. falciparum is considered. We have established a relationship between the maximum resolvable sizes of the chromosomes and the pulse times. The chromosomal location of twenty-seven P. falciparum DNA probes is also reported.
Kant on the Diabolical Will: a Neglected Alternative?

To his harshest critics, Kant's philosophy can seem an unending series of neglected alternatives. Time and again, Kant argues for his position by elimination, ruling out each possible alternative, until his own is the only one left standing. Of course, this strategy amounts to a demonstration of the Kantian position if and only if the field of possible alternatives really is – as Kant always assumes – exhaustive. But readers often suspect that Kant has stacked the deck, that his dogmatic adherence to a particular set of presuppositions, or perhaps simply his lack of philosophical imagination, has unjustifiably restricted the possibilities under consideration, thereby rendering the alleged argument by elimination nothing but an elaborate exercise in question begging.
Entrepreneurial actions, innovation, and appropriability

Entrepreneurs take strategic action to create value. They can do so individually or collaboratively, and currently researchers are interested in learning the extent to which collaboration can increase the total entrepreneurial value created. Taking entrepreneurial strategic action naturally involves the pursuit of self-interest, but entrepreneurial self-interest can only be served if it simultaneously serves collective interests, such as those of customers, investors, partners, and other relevant constituencies. Currently, researchers are also interested in identifying the most effective ways in which individual and collective interests can be jointly pursued. Copyright © 2008 Strategic Management Society.
Prolonged anuria complicating primary sclerosing cholangitis: Successful outcome following orthotopic liver transplantation

Abstract A 49-year-old man with progressive obstructive jaundice secondary to primary sclerosing cholangitis developed acute, anuric renal failure requiring prolonged hemodialysis. Renal biopsy showed evidence of tubular epithelial toxicity, pigmented casts, interstitial fibrosis, and ischemic glomerular changes. After orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), there was an immediate return of urine output. The introduction of tacrolimus (FK506) was delayed for 3 weeks after transplantation, during which time a gradual improvement in renal function occurred. Renal function remained stable 1 year later at a level of moderate impairment with good hepatic function. (Am J Kidney Dis 1998 Feb;31(2):360-3)
A blowup result for the periodic NLS without gauge invariance

Abstract In this Note, we prove a finite-time blowup result for the periodic nonlinear Schrodinger equation on T d with nonlinearity | u | p for p > 1 . In particular, our blowup result holds above the Strauss exponent. This is in contrast with the non-periodic setting, where global existence for small data is known above the Strauss exponent.
Analytical study of similar normal modes and their bifurcations in a class of strongly non-linear systems

Abstract The concept of similar normal mode is used to study the free oscillations of a class of strongly non-linear, two degree of freedom undamped systems. By using the so-called balancing diagrams, the bifurcations of normal modes can be conveniently studied for different forms of stiffness non-linearities. Consequently, the stability of the resulting free motions is analytically examined and the theoretical results are checked by numerical integration of the equations of motion.
UNCINATE FASCICULUS FRACTIONAL ANISOTROPY CORRELATES WITH TYPICAL USE OF REAPPRAISAL IN WOMEN BUT NOT MEN

Emotion regulation refers to strategies through which individuals influence their experience and expression of emotions. Two typical strategies are reappraisal, a cognitive strategy for reframing the context of an emotional experience, and suppression, a behavioral strategy for inhibiting emotional responses. Functional neuroimaging studies have revealed that regions of the prefrontal cortex modulate amygdala reactivity during both strategies, but relatively greater downregulation of the amygdala occurs during reappraisal. Moreover, these studies demonstrated that engagement of this modulatory circuitry varies as a function of gender. The uncinate fasciculus is a major structural pathway connecting regions of the anterior temporal lobe, including the amygdala to inferior frontal regions, especially the orbitofrontal cortex. The objective of the current study was to map variability in the structural integrity of the uncinate fasciculus onto individual differences in self-reported typical use of reappraisal and suppression. Diffusion tensor imaging was used in 194 young adults to derive regional fractional anisotropy values for the right and left uncinate fasciculus. All participants also completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. In women but not men, self-reported typical reappraisal use was positively correlated with fractional anisotropy values in a region of the left uncinate fasciculus within the orbitofrontal cortex. In contrast, typical use of suppression was not significantly correlated with fractional anisotropy in any region of the uncinate fasciculus in either men or women. Our data suggest that in women typical reappraisal use is specifically related to the integrity of white matter pathways linking the amygdala and prefrontal cortex.
An Update: Is Globalization Continuing to Benefit American Wine Drinkers?*

As in the 17 years leading up to 2005, as shown in Gokcekus and Fargnoli (2007), there was no change in quality between 2006 and 2012. There was more variety and, perhaps most importantly, the average real price of wines on Wine Spectator’s Top 100 List declined even faster. However, rather than wines from the New-New World and Non-incumbent countries, it was wines from Italy, Spain, and Portugal—New-Old World—that were primarily responsible for these beneficial changes (greater variety and more affordable wines in the Top 100 List) for American wine drinkers.
Kinetics and mechanism of ilmenite reduction with carbon monoxide

The kinetics and mechanism of the reduction of synthetic ilmenite were studied in the temperature range of 900 to 1100°C (which is below the melting point of synthetic ilmenite), with CO concentration of 13 to 23% in a microgravimetric reactor system.
Coded N-ary PPM UWB impulse radio with chaotic time hopping and polarity randomisation

A coded N-ary pulse position modulated (PPM) ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) impulse radio which exploits the chaotic time hopping and the polarity randomisation is considered. It is shown that the proposed system has a noise-like spectrum and its multi-user system is discussed. The bit error rate performance is confirmed by simulation based on the UWB indoor channel model.
Effect of dipyridamole on zidovudine pharmacokinetics and short-term tolerance in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects

Zidovudine delays the progression of infection and prolongs the survival of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, but these benefits are limited by dose-related toxicity and the cost of the drug. Dipyridamole, in micromolar concentrations, acts synergistically with zidovudine, reducing the anti-HIV 95% inhibitory concentration of zidovudine 5- to 10-fold in vitro. We sought to establish a well-tolerated dose of dipyridamole for use in combination with zidovudine and to detect clinically significant pharmacokinetic interactions. Both objectives are essential for planning studies of the efficacy of the zidovudine-dipyridamole combination. Eleven asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects (median CD4+ cell count, 311 cells per mm3), 10 of whom had been on zidovudine at 500 mg/day for at least 6 months, were admitted to the study. Zidovudine pharmacokinetics were measured on day 1. Dipyridamole was then begun at 600 mg/day (subjects 1 to 3) or 450 mg/day (subjects 4 to 11), and zidovudine and dipyridamole pharmacokinetics were measured on day 5. All subjects given 600 mg of dipyridamole per day developed headache or nausea, or both. Six of eight subjects given dipyridamole at 450 mg/day developed headache or mild nausea that resolved after a median of 2 days. The area under the zidovudine concentration-time curve was not significantly different on day 1 in comparison with that on day 5 (P = 0.11). Symptoms were significantly correlated with the maximum zidovudine concentrations, which were achieved when dipyridamole was dosed concomitantly (p = 0.03). Total (free and protein-bound) dipyridamole trough concentrations were near those demonstrating synergy with zidovudine against HIV in vitro. Dipyridamole was highly protein bound, with a median free/total dipyridamole ratio of 0.7%; the percent free/total dipyridamole ratio was inversely correlated with alpha 1 acid glycoprotein concentrations (r2 =0.66). Results of the study indicate that adjustment of the zidovudine dose was not required to achieve equivalent zidovudine concentrations when zidovudine was administered in combination with dipyridamole at the doses studied. In the short study described here, the zidovudine-dipyridamole combinations was well tolerated in asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects after the occurrence of mild transient symptoms.
Purification and characterization of an aminopeptidase from bovine cornea.

An aminopeptidase from bovine cornea has been extensively purified by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The purified enzyme with a molecular weight of 96000 showed broad substrate specificity. All of the various aminoacyl bonds were hydrolyzed optimally at pH 6·5. The purified enzyme showed hydrolytic activity towards bioactive peptides such as enkephalins, bradykinin, and angiotensin-II. The enzyme was inhibited by bestatin, amastatin, puromycin, bacitracin, sulfhydryl reagents and metal chelators. Only Co2+ stimulated the enzyme whereas other heavy metal ions were toxic. The gross properties of the corneal enzyme resemble those of an aminopeptidase III isolated from bovine lens.
Conformational Isomerism in Solid State of AMG 853—Structure Studies Using Solid‐State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and X‐ray Diffraction

Investigation of an additional resonance peak in the (19) F solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of AMG 853, a dual antagonist of DP and CRTH2 previously in clinical development for asthma, has led to the identification of two conformational isomers coexisting in the crystal lattice in a continuous composition range between 89.7%:10.3% and 96.5%:3.5%. These two isomers differ in the chloro-flurorophenyl moiety orientation-the aromatic ring is flipped by 180° in these two isomers. The level of the minor isomer is directly measured through integration of the two peaks in the (19) F solid-state NMR spectrum. The values obtained from the NMR data are in excellent agreement with the degree of disorder of the fluorine atom in the crystal structure, refined using both single-crystal and high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction data.
The rate limiting step in the sulfation of natural limestones during fluidized bed coal combustion

Abstract A study was performed of the sulfation of naturally occurring limestones under conditions simulating the bubbling fluidized bed combustion of coal. Limestones with impurity contents ranging from 2–18% (by weight) were evaluated with respect to reactivity towards SO 2 at temperatures ranging from 750 to 935°C. It was found that the calcination rates of the sorbents were sufficiently slow so as to influence the ultimate sulfation capacities. For the conditions investigated, the calcination rate dominated the overall reaction rate initially, followed by the sulfation rate once a significant amount of CaO had been generated. Sorbent utilization was improved by increasing the operating temperature and/or lowering the CO 2 concentration in the reaction atmosphere. Higher sorbent utilization was observed for (relatively) impure limestones. The presence of impurities enhanced the rate of calcination and lowered the decomposition temperature of the sorbent, in addition to affecting (both catalytically and non-catalytically) the sulfation reaction. The results of this investigation suggest that the calcination rates of sorbents, as derived from laboratory experiments, can be used to determine suitability for use in fluidized bed combustion applications. The higher the calcination rate, the better is the performance of the limestone.
Nonuniform Anisotropy is Responsible for Age-Related Slowing of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia

Age-Related Slowing of AVNRT. Introduction: AV nodal reentrant tachycardia cycle length has been shown to he longer in the elderly population. Microfibrosis associated with aging producing nonuniform anisotropic conduction or changes in membrane ionic properties could explain this finding. Methods and Results: Forty-five patients (33 women and 12 men) with typical AV nodal reentrant tachycardia were studied to analyze the effects of age on electrophysiologic characteristics of the tachycardia using high-density catheter mapping of the triangle of Koch. We classified patients into group A (age ≤ 45 years, mean [± SD] 32.7 ± 8.8, n = 27) and group B (age > 45 years, mean [± SD] 61.1 ± 10.2, n =18). Retrograde atrial activation was recorded during tachycardia by means of a 2-mm decapolar catheter at the His bundle, a quadripolar catheter at the high right atrium, a multipolar catheter (6 to 10 poles) in the coronary sinus, and a deflectable quadripolar catheter at the posterior triangle of Koch. The AH interval at the AV junction as well as HA intervals at several atrial sites were measured during tachycardia. HA intervals at all atrial recording sites except in the posterior triangle of Koch were significantly longer in group B, as well as the tachycardia cycle length (362 vs 329 msec, P = 0.01). The mean AH interval was prolonged by 24 msec in group B, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. A sequential pattern of retrograde atrial activation during tachycardia was more frequently recorded in group B. Conclusions: Since the delayed activation to the atrium was heterogeneous, transverse nonuniform anisotropic conduction is a likely explanation of these age-related modifications of AV nodal reentrant tachycardia characteristics.
Annihilator ideals, associated primes and kasch-mccoy commutative rings

If R is a ring, and A right annulet(= annihilator right ideal) then A[X] is a right annulet of the polynomial ring R[X]. (In factX can be any set of variables.). An annulet I of R[X] of this form is said to be be extended. Not all annulets of R[X] are extended, since e.g., the ascending chain on right annulets (= acc ┴) is not inherited by R[X], as, Kerr [Ke] observed. Nevertheless, maximal (minimal) annulets of a polynomial ring R[X] are extended, as a theorem of McCopy on annihilators in R[X] readily shows (see Introduction).
Evolution of cosmological baryon asymmetries. I. The role of gauge bosons

The time evolution of the baryon asymmetry ($\frac{k{n}_{B}}{s}$) due to the interactions of a superheavy gauge boson (mass ${M}_{X}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{15}$ GeV, coupling strength $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\sim}\frac{1}{45}$) is obtained by numerically integrating the Boltzmann equations. Particle interactions in the very early universe ($t\ensuremath{\lesssim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}35}$ sec) are assumed to be described by the SU(5) grand unification theory. To a good approximation the results depend upon one parameter, $K\ensuremath{\equiv}2.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{17} \ensuremath{\alpha} \frac{\mathrm{GeV}}{{M}_{X}}$. If $C$ and $\mathrm{CP}$ are not violated in the decays of the superheavy boson no asymmetry develops, and any initial baryon asymmetry is reduced by a factor of $\ensuremath{\cong}\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}5.5K)$. If both $C$ and $\mathrm{CP}$ are violated then an initially symmetrical universe evolves a baryon asymmetry which today corresponds to $\frac{k{n}_{B}}{s}\ensuremath{\cong}7.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}\frac{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}{[1+{(16K)}^{1.3}]}$, where $\frac{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}{2}$ is the baryon excess produced when an $X\ensuremath{-}\overline{X}$ pair decays. Decays and inverse decays of superheavy bosons are primarily responsible for these results (as Weinberg and Wilczek suggested); however for $K\ensuremath{\gg}1$ baryon production falls off much less rapidly than they had expected. A gauge boson of mass 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{14}$ GeV could have generated the observed asymmetry $\frac{k{n}_{B}}{s}\ensuremath{\cong}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.6}$ if $\ensuremath{\epsilon}\ensuremath{\cong}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.6}$. In a companion paper the role of Higgs bosons is considered.
Risk of urinary bladder cancer: a case-control analysis of industry and occupation

Uncertainty remains about urinary bladder cancer (UBC) risk for many occupations. Here, we investigate the association between occupation, industry and UBC. Lifetime occupational history was collected by in-person interview for 604 newly diagnosed UBC patients and 604 cancer-free controls. Each job title was assigned a two-digit industry code and a three-digit occupation code. Odds ratios (ORs) for UBC associated with ever being employed in an industry or occupation were calculated by unconditional logistic regression adjusting for age, gender and smoking status. We also examined UBC risk by duration of employment (>0 to <10, ≥10 years) in industry or occupation. Significantly increased risk of UBC was observed among waiters and bartenders (OR 2.87; 95% CI 1.05 to 7.72) and occupations related to medicine and health (OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.21 to 3.92), agricultural production, livestock and animal specialties (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.03 to 3.49), electrical assembly, installation and repair (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.65), communications (OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.00 to 3.01), and health services (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.02 to 2.44). For these occupations we also observed a significant excess risk of UBC for long-term work (i.e. ≥10 years), with the exception of waiters and bartenders. Employment for 10 years or more was associated with increased risk of UBC in general farmers (OR 9.58; 95% CI 2.18 to 42.05), agricultural production of crops (OR 3.36; 95% CI 1.10 to 10.27), occupations related to bench working (OR 4.76; 95% CI 1.74 to 13.01), agricultural, fishery, forestry & related (OR 4.58; 95% CI 1.97 to 10.65), transportation equipment (OR 2.68; 95% CI 1.03 to 6.97), and structural work (OR 1.85; 95% CI 1.16 to 2.95). This study provides evidence of increased risk of UBC for occupations that were previously reported as at-risk. Workers in several occupation and industry groups have a significantly higher risk of UBC, particularly when duration of employment is 10 years or more.
“His Wisdom Will Reach All Peoples”: 4Q534–536, Q 17:26–27, 30, and 1 En. 65:1–67:3, 90 1

Abstract The Qumran Aramaic texts represent a distinctive group within the larger Qumran corpus that is of considerable significance to the study of Jewish messianism and the New Testament. The identities of the figures in 4Q246 and 4Q534, in particular, have been the subject of ongoing debate. The Parables of Enoch, although not found at Qumran, also plays a role in the comparative study of the Enochic corpus and the New Testament. This discussion revolves, in part, around the identification of Jesus as “son of man,” a title used both in Q and the Parables. Using Q 17:26–27, 30 as a control text, this study focuses on the identity of the mysterious Elect of God figure in 4Q534 in order to explore whether 4Q534, like 4Q246, provides evidence of a confluence of apocalyptic traditions in Early Judaism and nascent Christianity.
Development of 36-Megawatt Modulators for the Astron 1000-Megawatt Electron Accelerator

A 1000-megawatt peak-power linear electron accelerator is required for the injection of electrons into a thermonuclear fusion experimental device, called the Astron, which is now under construction at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory in Livermore, California. The Astron will determine the feasibility of an actual power-producing fusion reactor utilizing the principles of confinement and heating of a plasma by establishing a long rotating layer of relativistic electrons. The linear electron accelerator under construction is designed to produce a pulsed electron beam with an energy of 5 Mev ±0.5%, a pulse current of 200 amperes, with a pulse duration of 0.25 ?sec and at 60 pulses per second. The accelerator will be of the induction type utilizing large magnetic cores. Approximately 400 cores will be used and each one will contribute a minimum acceleration of 12,000 volts. The details of the design and development of a line-type modulator used for pulsing cores and capable of an output peak power of 36 megawatts will be discussed in detail. A type 6587 and type 5949A thyratron were life-tested at 32 kv, 2000 amperes, and 60 pps. Useful life in excess of 1000 hours was obtained. In addition, it was necessary to develop corona-resistant connectors for this application. Life data and final design for a small connector suitable for operation at 16-kv, 0.4-?sec (70% amplitude points) pulses with 60-nanosecond rise time, and at 60 pps are presented.
Hydroxypropyl methacrylate, a new water-miscible embedding medium for electron microscopy.

Aldehyde-fixed rat tissues were variously dehydrated and impregnated in water-miscible 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) containing 3 to 20 per cent water and 0.1 per cent α,α-azobisisobutyronitrile as catalyst for subsequent polymerization with ultraviolet light. Heat polymerization was also effective. Blocks of embedded tissue readily gave ultrathin sections, which required staining by uranyl acetate and/or lead stains to give adequate contrast for electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of pancreas, kidney, muscle, and intestine was well preserved by aldehyde fixation alone. Use of postfixation in osmium tetroxide or direct osmium tetroxide fixation was unsatisfactory. The fine structure of aldehyde-fixed liver from fasted rats was well preserved, whereas that from normal rats showed considerable disorganization and collapse, apparently because of extraction of glycogen during the embedding procedure. Enzymatic extraction of proteins by pepsin and of ribonucleic acid by ribonuclease after either formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde fixation was rapidly effected by direct treatment of ultrathin sections with solutions of the enzymes. In contrast, no digestion of chromatin by deoxyribonuclease could be detected. In spite of this present limitation, HPMA appears to have several advantages over earlier water-miscible embedding media for electron microscopy and to be particularly suitable for ultrastructural cytochemistry.
Performance Coupling

Traditional performance optimization techniques have focused on finding the kernel in an application that is the most time consuming and attempting to optimize it. In this paper, we focus on an optimization technique with a more global perspective of the application. In particular, we present a methodology for measuring the interaction, or coupling, between kernels within an application and describe how the measurements can be used to improve the performance of scientific applications. We discuss four case studies to demonstrate the use of this methodology. The first study involves the Conjugate Gradient Benchmark from the NAS Parallel Benchmarks. The coupling measurement aided in the development of a new hybrid data structure and corresponding algorithm that slightly increased the performance of the program. The second study involves the Block Tridiagonal NAS Parallel Benchmark, for which the coupling parameter aided in revising the program to reduce the level-two cache misses by 14%. Next, we introduce improvements to an application in the SpecJVM benchmark suite resulting in 41% reduction in level-one cache misses. Lastly, we present results from the Seis application from the SPEChpc Benchmarks to illustrate the coupling parameters that may result from large-scale scientific applications.
Detection of endometrial cancer and its precursors

Any approach to the control of endometrial cancer must include a consideration of the individual at high risk; this will include the obese, the infertile, those with failure of ovulation and dysfunctional bleeding, and those postmenopausal women who are chronic estrogen users. The detection of adenomatous hyperplasia offers us the opportunity to recognize the developmental phase of the disease before invasion is established. The cytologic method of Papanicolaou, used in the conventional way, is inefficient for the detection of endometrial cancer. Cell studies taken by cannula from the endometrial cavity can be more accurate for the diagnosis of invasive cancer but fail in the hands of most pathologists to detect adenomatous hyperplasia. We have found the highest rate of accuracy in the aspiration curettage histologic method, both for endometrial cancer and adenomatous hyperplasia. It is quick, relatively painless in most, and an outpatient procedure that does not require anesthetic. It offers the pathologist a sample that is readily interpreted. Our public education effort must include the warning that a negative Pap smear does not rule out endometrial carcinoma. Cancer 47:1173–1175, 1981.
Clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium. Clinical, pathologic, and ultrastructural findings.

Twelve cases of clear cell carcinoma (including two previously reported) are added to the eight documented cases in the literature. These tumors occur predominantly in post-menopausal women with similar clinical backgrounds as women with other types of endometrial carcinoma, and carry a relatively unfavorable prognosis. They demonstrate one or more of four basic histologic patterns: tubular, solid, papillary, and secretory. The lattermost pattern resembles benign endometrium in secretory phase, while the first three usually contain foci reminiscent of Arias-Stella phenomenon. Four of the present 12 cases demonstrated coexistence of clear cell and non-clear cell (or “classical”) types of endometrial carcinoma, supporting the concept of a mullerian histogenesis of the clear cell lesion. Also in favor of a mullerian rather than a mesonephric histogenesis are the ultrastructural findings in one case, which are identical with those in clear cell carcinomas of the ovary, vagina, and cervix which have been studied previously, as well as with those in Arias-Stella glands.
Robotic Data Acquisition of Directional Reflectance Factors

Abstract A data collection platform for rapid and repeatable positioning of a down-looking radiometer was constructed using commercially available instru mentation and hardware. The platform also accommodated a second radiometer to measure irradiance at the same instant the other radiometer measured target radiance. Stepper motors position the down-looking radiometer at programmed view zenith and view azimuth angles. A Polycorder and stepper motor interface control the stepper motors while data acquisition is the sole responsibility of the Polycorder. Less than 15 min is required to measure target radiance from a full set of measurements consisting of 182 combinations of view zenith and view azimuth angles. Positioning accuracy of the viewing radiometer is within ± 0.2° for a nominal 15° angular movement. The system has proven to be dependable, easy to use, highly mobile, and adaptable.
The Preparation of Early Childhood Special Educators: A Model Program:

A model personnel preparation program, funded by the U.S. Office of Special Education, that trains master's level early childhood special educators is presented. Rde definition is discussed. and th...
Interface structure and the inception of plasticity in Nb/NbC nanolayered composites

Abstract Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to explore the effect of interface structure on the inception of plastic deformation in Nb/NbC nanolayered composites. Using the atomistically informed Frank–Bilby method and disregistry analysis, we characterized the structure of the Nb/NbC interface, including misfit dislocations, dislocation nodes and three coherent interface structures. According to the crystallographic analysis of the interface, four possible coherent interface structures were identified. However, study of the interface energy showed that only three of these are energetically stable. After the relaxation of the interface, the unstable coherent region, which features Nb atoms in the Nb layer on the top of the Nb atoms in the NbC layer, evolves into a condensed interface dislocation node. Three stable coherent interface regions are retained in association with the formation, glide and reaction of interface misfit dislocation loops. Disregistry analysis of the Nb/NbC interface revealed that (i) all misfit dislocations are edge type, and (ii) misfit dislocations enclosing the coherent extended nodes have Burgers vectors along 〈1 1 0〉 Nb . The role of the interface structure in the plastic deformation of Nb/NbC nanolayered composites was studied under two loading conditions, i.e. uniform compression and nanoindentation. Under uniform compression, lattice dislocations primarily nucleate from the condensed nodal regions where the local strains are the highest. Dislocations propagate in two {1 1 0} slip planes with the same Schmid factors. Under nanoindentation, by proper positioning of the indenter, lattice dislocations nucleate from the segments of the misfit dislocations and propagate in {1 1 2} slip planes. MD simulations also show cross-slip of lattice dislocations from {1 1 2} planes into {1 1 0} planes and the formation of vacancies as a result of climb of dislocation jogs.
Long-term fate of valve cusp patches for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction.

Six patients with tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia, or absent pulmonary valve syndrome were operated with a RVOT patch containing a single aortic allograft cusp from an adult donor. The method was based on animal work with similar patches implanted in growing puppies and proved that the single cusp functioned as an effective RV outflow valve for several weeks after surgery. Postoperative angiograms in the animals confirmed nearly completely competent valves. Sacrifice of animals at 3 months documented that the allograft tissue was flexible without early deterioration or calcification. Clinical application of this method raised several questions regarding the procedure, its efficacy, and subsequent fate of the allograft valve in children requiring RVOT reconstruction. There were six children age 19 months to 10 years who required division of the pulmonary valve annulus to relieve pulmonary outflow obstruction or with absent pulmonary valve syndrome and compromised airways from pulmonary insufficiency. One patient had a positive culture from the valva and required immediate removal of the infected allograft. Patients had clinically competent pulmonary valves immediately after surgery with decreased right ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressures when compared with patients in whom nonvalve patches were inserted. All patients had some degree of pulmonary insufficiency, but no symptoms. Follow-up up of five patients available 4 to 6 years after surgery revealed no patients with stenosis of the valve cusps, although two patients have severe, one moderate, and two mild pulmonary insufficiency. We conclude that a patch containing a single adult allograft valve cusp should be considered for all patients requiring reconstruction of the RVOT, particularly if RV overload is expected to compromise the immediate postoperative result.
Behavioral assessment of norepinephrine and serotonin function and interaction in the hippocampal formation.

Abstract Norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) were injected either into the dorsal or ventral hippocampal formation of rats in doses ranging from 0.005 μg/μl to 5.0 μg/μl. Behavioral reactivity was assessed by recording latency to paw lick when placed on a hot plate and magnitude of force displaced in a vertical direction to a footshock. In addition open field activity was measured. NE injections resulted in a dose-dependent increase in behavioral reactivity to the hot plate and footshock; 5-HT injections resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in behavioral reactivity to hot plate and footshock. Both NE and 5-HT injections resulted in a dose-dependent increase in open field activity. NE injections were more effective in increasing reactivity when injected into the dorsal hippocampus while 5-HT injections were more effective in decreasing behavioral reactivity when injected into the ventral hippocampus. Both NE and 5-HT were most effective in increasing open field behavior, however, when injected into the dorsal hippocampus. When NE and 5-HT were injected simultaneously they resulted in no change in bevavioral reactivity as compared to saline injections. Simultaneous injections of NE and 5-HT neither enhanced nor antagonized the increase in open field activity of each amine injected alone. The results are discussed in terms of the functional significance of NE and 5-HT in the hippocampus, their modes of action and significance for understanding dorsal-ventral hippocampal differences.
USABILITY COMPARISON: SIMILARITY AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN E-COMMERCE AND WORLD WIDE WEB

ABSTRACT This paper begins with a brief literature review of current usability studies in WWW and E-commerce. Based on the literature and task analysis results, we compared WWW usability and E-commerce usability in terms of measurable criteria. Eight common usability criteria were identified for both applications: differentiability, learnability, navigation assistance, compatibility, task flexibility, sensory and perceptual capability, feedback, and satisfaction. Besides these eight common criteria, E-commerce usability has another two unique aspects: security and supportability.
Variability in immune response to pathogens: Using measles vaccine to probe immunogenetic determinants of response

“The measles had not prevailed on the Faroes since 1781; they broke out early in April, 1846. … of the 7,782 inhabitants, about 6,000 were taken with measles … 225 persons in all died … of the many old people still living on the Faroes who had had the measles in 1781, not one … was attacked the second time.” [P. L. Panum, Observations Made during the Epidemic of Measles on the Faroe Islands in the Year 1846]
Chemical effects in sub-keV ion-solid interactions

Abstract Computer simulation of low-energy ion-solid processes has greatly broadened in scope in recent years. In particular, realistic descriptions of the ion-solid and solid-solid interactions can now be utilized. The molecular dynamics technique, in which the equations of motion of the interacting atoms are numerically integrated, can now be used to characterize ion-solid interactions in a range of model material systems. Despite practical limitations of this procedure, a number of substantial results have appeared. The available results are examined to investigate the qualitative influence that chemical interactions have on low-energy ion-solid processes.
Impact of a Multidisciplinary Thoracic Oncology Clinic on the Timeliness of Care

Background Multidisciplinary clinics have been recommended for the evaluation of patients with lung cancer. Evidence to support this recommendation, however, is limited. A single-center, retrospective review of lung cancer patients at a Veterans Affairs hospital was performed comparing timeliness of diagnostic and treatment decisions during the operation of a multidisciplinary thoracic oncology clinic (MTOC) with a period after it closed (non-MTOC), during which only a weekly multidisciplinary conference was held. Methods Patients were identified from a tumor registry. Manual chart reviews were performed on all patients. Outcome measures included time from initial presentation to diagnosis (TTD) and time from diagnosis to treatment initiation (TTT). Results Three hundred forty-five patients (244 in MTOC, 101 in non-MTOC) diagnosed with lung cancer between 1999 and 2003 were included in the study. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. Median TTD was 48 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 37–61) and 47 days (95% CI: 39–55) in the MTOC ( n = 164) and non-MTOC cohorts ( n = 89), respectively ( p = 0.09). Median TTT was 22 days (95% CI: 20–27) and 23 days (95% CI: 20–34) in the MTOC ( n = 165) and non-MTOC cohorts ( n = 89), respectively ( p = 0.71). There was no difference in overall survival. Conclusion Retrospective comparison of sequential cohorts failed to reveal benefit in the timeliness of care measures during the time period of MTOC operation. Potential confounders include the absence of a surgeon in the MTOC setting, an ongoing weekly multidisciplinary conference in the non-MTOC cohort, and existing infrastructures based on previous MTOC experiences and past provider experience. Confirmation of these findings in other health care settings is warranted, preferably in a prospective fashion.
Intensity-interferometric test of nuclear collision geometries obtained from the Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck equation.

Two-proton correlation functions measured for the {sup 14}N+{sup 27}Al reaction at {ital E}/{ital A}=75 MeV are compared to correlation functions predicted for collision geometries obtained from numerical solutions of the Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) equation. The calculations are in rather good agreement with the experimental correlation function, indicating that the BUU equation gives a reasonable description of the space-time evolution of the reaction.