cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers of Brain Damage: Hyperacute Plasma F2-Isoprostane Predicts Infarct Growth in Stroke.

Background and Purpose— Oxidative stress is an early response to cerebral ischemia and is likely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemic injury. We sought to evaluate whether hyperacute plasma concentrations of biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissue damage predict infarct growth (IG). Methods— We prospectively measured plasma F2-isoprostane (F2-isoP), urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguoanosine, plasma oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay, high sensitivity C reactive protein, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 in consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke presenting within 9 hours of symptom onset. Patients with baseline diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and follow-up diffusion-weighted imaging or computed tomographic scan were included to evaluate the final infarct volume. Baseline diffusion-weighted imaging volume and final infarct volume were analyzed using semiautomated volumetric method. IG volume was defined as the difference between final infarct volume and baseline diffusion-weighted imaging volume. Results— A total of 220 acute ischemic stroke subjects were included in the final analysis. One hundred seventy of these had IG. Baseline F2-isoP significantly correlated with IG volume (Spearman ρ=0.20; P =0.005) and final infarct volume (Spearman ρ=0.19; P =0.009). In a multivariate binary logistic regression model, baseline F2-isoP emerged as an independent predictor of the occurrence of IG (odds ratio, 2.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.37–4.83; P =0.007). In a multivariate linear regression model, baseline F2-isoP was independently associated with IG volume (B, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.04–0.72; P =0.03). Conclusions— Elevated hyperacute plasma F2-isoP concentrations independently predict the occurrence of IG and IG volume in patients with acute ischemic stroke. If validated in future studies, measuring plasma F2-isoP might be helpful in the acute setting to stratify patients with acute ischemic stroke for relative severity of ischemic injury and expected progression.
Swimming—Activity for the Handicapped

(1953). Swimming—Activity for the Handicapped. Journal of the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation: Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 14-51.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF POLYPEPTIDE HORMONES IN INTACT AND CELL-FREE SYSTEMS

Publisher Summary Since the discovery of proinsulin, post-translational modification of proteins by limited intracellular proteolysis has been recognized increasingly as a normal biosynthetic mechanism in the production of a wide variety of secretory, along with some viral, proteins. Little is known about the processing mechanisms involved, aside, in a few instances, from their tentative intracellular localization to the Golgi area, and some elements of their cleavage specificity. This chapter presents several interesting recent examples of pro-proteins and discusses the general significance of these formsMost small polypeptide hormones are derived via cleavage of larger precursor molecules. A number of examples are summarized; however, additional suggestive evidence of the existence of larger forms of somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, calcitonin, and vasopressin, as well as others is accumulating. These larger forms may fulfill a number of important functions in biosynthesis and secretion; however, a requirement for a minimum chain length of 65–70 residues for successful vectorial discharge and sequestration in the rough endoplasmic reticulum may provide an explanation for the existence of many of them.
Defining a Technology Research Agenda for Elementary and Secondary Students with Learning and Other High-Incidence Disabilities in Inclusive Science Classrooms

Increased numbers of elementary and secondary students with learning and other disabilities are participating in inclusive science classrooms. Unfortunately, many of these students struggle to achieve at a level commensurate with their peers. As a result, few students with disabilities pursue advanced scientific coursework or enter science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers. Technology offers promise as a means to promote these students' academic achievement and attitudes toward science. However, there is limited research that utilizes the quality standards identified by Gersten and Edyburn (2007) that examine how this can be accomplished. This article presents a review of literature (N = 71) from 1997–2009 across the often disparate fields of special education, science, and technology using the Universal Design for Learning (Rose, Meyer, & Hitchcock, 2005) and Cognitive Load (Sweller, 1999) theoretical frameworks. It concludes with the identification of key research issues that shou...
APPLICATION OF COMBINED X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON! AUGER SPECTROSCOPY TO STUDIES OF INORGANIC MATERIALS

Many materials that are of interest to materials scientists are inorganic in nature. Some of the more common ones are nitrides (Ni3N3), arsenides (GaAs), intermetallic compounds (Ni3Al), metallic carbides (CaC2), and multimetal mixed oxides (relatively recent superconductors such as YBa2Cu3O7 and their related compounds). As is the case with all materials, a researcher is very interested in studying many facets of the characterization of the solids, including lattice structure, bonding, and electronic structure. In order to obtain types of information such as these, a variety of experimental approaches must be used. No single type of instrumentation can give a total picture of a material, but several techniques can complement one another to contribute pieces of the description.
Retention of Bovie scratch pad radio-opaque marker during VATS Pleurodesis: case report

Surgical intervention for spontaneous pneumothorax typically includes mechanical pleurodesis that frequently utilizes a Bovie scratch pad given its universal presence, low cost and ease of use. The pad is folded on itself after dividing it in half, allowing easier passage through the smaller incisions. However, unintentional foreign body retention may occur during the course of an operation leading to reoperations or even worse complications. This case is reported to raise awareness that dividing the scratch pad may allow the embedded radio-opaque marker to fall out and become retained as a foreign body. The patient is a 41 year-old female who presented with shortness of breath secondary to spontaneous pneumothorax. Chest CT scan showed apical blebs. The patient underwent video assisted thorascopic surgery (VATS) with bleb resection and mechanical pleurodesis using a divided and folded bovie scratch pad. Postoperative chest x-ray showed a retained foreign body. Reoperation confirmed this to be the radio-opaque marker of the scratch pad and was removed. The patient did well and was discharged the following day. Dividing the bovie scratch pad may damage and “weaken” the product allowing the radio- opaque marker to fall out during its use for pleurodesis and should be discouraged. Recommendation is made of using the scratch pad as a whole and not dividing it. Retained radio-opaque marker of bovie scratch pad during VATS mechanical pleurodesis.
The Quick Response Model and its Applicability in the UK

Quick Response developed in the US textile and clothing industry as a result of research, instigated in 1984, by the ’Crafted with pride in USA council’. The research was intended to investigate ways in which the industry could improve its long term competitiveness and focussed on supply chain analysis. It revealed that although individual components of the supply chain were efficient, the overall efficiency of the system was very low. In seeking to minimize costs independently of each other the fibre, textile, clothing and retail companies were inadvertently pursuing practices that added significant costs to the overall supply chain.
Updating in models of spatial memory

This chapter discusses a new model of spatial memory and updating. The model includes an egocentric subsystem that computes and represents transient self-to-object spatial relations and an environmental subsystem that forms enduring representations of environments using intrinsic reference systems. Updating occurs in both subsystems, but only the egocentric subsystem readily provides object locations relative to any adopted orientation. In the absence of visual support, updating in the egocentric subsystem is limited, and object locations may have to be retrieved from the orientation dependent environmental subsystem. The model is evaluated in light of the results of numerous studies from the areas of spatial memory and spatial updating and contrasted with two alternative models. Furthermore, results are presented that suggest that interobject spatial relations are preferentially represented when they are aligned with intrinsic reference directions in the environmental subsystem.
Temporal Pattern Generation Using Hidden Markov Model Based Unsupervised Classification

This paper describes a clustering methodology for temporal data using hidden Markov model(HMM) representation. The proposed method improves upon existing HMM based clustering methods in two ways: (i) it enables HMMs to dynamically change its model structure to obtain a better fit model for data during clustering process, and (ii) it provides objective criterion function to automatically select the clustering partition. The algorithm is presented in terms of four nested levels of searches: (i) the search for the number of clusters in a partition, (ii) the search for the structure for a fixed sized partition, (iii) the search for the HMM structure for each cluster, and (iv) the search for the parameter values for each HMM. Preliminary experiments with artificially generated data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Determination of proline in human serum by a robust LC-MS/MS method: Application to identification of human metabolites as candidate biomarkers for esophageal cancer early detection and risk stratification

Altered serum proline levels are related to cancer metabolism. This study developed and validated a LC-MS/MS method to analyze proline in human serum. Surrogate blank serum, coupled with stable isotope L-proline-13C5,15N as internal standard, were used for generating standard curves ranging from 2.5 – 100 μg/mL. Proline was extracted from serum samples using methanol. A Phenomenex Lux 5u Cellulose-1 column (250 × 4.6 mm) was used for chromatographic separation with 40% methanol in 0.05% formic acid aqueous solution as a mobile phase. Mass detection was performed under positive ionization electrospray. Intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were less than 10%. The extraction recovery and matrix factor were 99.17% and 1.47%, respectively. Our study showed that the chiral column had high specificity and selectivity for separating proline from serum components. The assay was successfully applied for the quantification of human serum proline levels from 30 esophageal cancer patients and 30 healthy volunteers. Statistical analyses showed significantly lower levels of serum proline in the patients as compared to the healthy volunteers (P value = 0.011). We report here, a simple, specific, and reproducible LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of proline in human serum was as a potential screening biomarker for esophageal cancer.
Probability and Chance: Philosophical Aspects

The central philosophical issue involving probability concerns the interpretation of ordinary probability claims, such as ‘there is a 30% probability that it will rain today.’ Epistemic interpretations of probability understand this to be a claim about belief under uncertainty: it describes the extent to which a certain type of rational agent would (or ought to) believe that it will rain, given the available evidence. Objective interpretations of probability read the claim as describing some quantifiable feature of the objective world, sometimes called ‘chance.’ The concept of chance is thought by some to be intimately connected with indeterminism. A variety of epistemic and objective interpretations of probability will be discussed below.
Impacts of the Broadband Telecommunication Opportunities Program in Michigan Urban Communities

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) was used to increase broadband adoption and utilization across the United States as part of the economic recovery after the 2008 recession. Part of this act implemented a program called the Broadband Telecommunication Opportunities Program (BTOP), which focused on expanding effective broadband utilization in underserved communities through the development of library-based public computing centers and other educational outreach. This paper reports the results of two waves of surveys of 400 participants each, spanning 18 months, which were conducted in urban communities in Michigan served by libraries participating in a $6M BTOP grant project to upgrade their public Internet resources. The surveys tracked perceptions of broadband services and their utilization in public libraries, residences, and other community locations. One of the major questions going into this project was whether or not urban poor residents were adopting and utilizing broadband through either a private connection or a public connection. If the former, then results would indicate a similar trend among urban poor as seen in the rest of the world. That is, home adoption of fixed landline broadband connections will be lower in our sample than in more wealthy areas, but mobile adoption of broadband devices and services would be increasing. The second question, with libraries across the U.S. losing funding and reducing hours, would be whether the implementation of programs and new computing centers from the ARRA BTOP increase broadband adoption and utilization leading to economic recovery in these urban poor communities?Over three-fifths of those surveyed as the project drew to a close were aware of the public computing center initiative at their local library, although only about one tenth were active participants. Among those using library computers at the time of the final survey, about a fourth indicated that they had noticed an improvement in library computing facilities. The above findings suggest that, while library access, public computing centers, and broadband awareness increases adoption of broadband at the home and mobile level. Thus, in order to increase broadband use among urban poor, other considerations may need to be adopted in addition to increased outreach and awareness projects about library broadband use.
Substituent effect of chelated cobalt.: VI. pKa's of the conjugate acids of m- and p-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl(ligand)cobaloximes☆

Abstract The meta and para isomers of N,N -dimethylaminophenyl(aquo)cobaloximes have been prepared and the p K a 's of their conjugate acids have been determined for the complexes with six different axial ligands (L  OH 2 , SCN − , NCS − , S -methyl-2-mercaptoethanol, CN − , and N 3 − ). These p K a values have been correlated with those of 13 other N,N -dimethylanilinium ions with non-cobalt substituents via a dual substituent parameter equation which allows separation of inductive and resonance substituent effects. The results show that resonance interactions (of the anilium type) between the cobaloxime chelated cobalt centers and covalently bond N,N -dimethylaminophenyl groups are negligible for all complexes studied. In comparison with earlier work on 19 F NMR chemical shifts of fluorophenylcobaloximes in which substantial resonance effects were found, the current results imply that although the cobalt d -orbitals are most likely involved in resonance interactions between cobaloxime chelated cobalt centers and covalently bound aryl groups, negative charge cannot be stabilized on the cobalt atom by acceptance of an electron pair into an unoccupied cobalt d -orbital.
Book review: Machine Learning: A Theoretical Approach by Balas K. Natarajan (Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1991)

Valiant's PAC learning model surely must rank as one of the most fruitful ideas introduced into computer science in the last decade. "PAC" stands for "probably approximately correct," which, despite sounding like a grammatical joke, is a compelling model. It permits a learning algorithm two parameters of slack: precision e ("approximately correct") and confidence δ ("probably"). The beauty of the model is that it lends itself to analysis, amply demonstrated in this book.
Ternary Graphite Intercalation Compound KCs C 16 : An Ideal Layered Heterostructure

An ideal ternary heterostructure graphite intercalation compound, KCs${\mathrm{C}}_{16}$, which exhibits a stage-1 $c$-axis stacking sequence,...CKCCsCKCCs..., has been prepared. The stage, stacking sequence, and $(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)R0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ in-plane structure have been confirmed by high-resolution x-ray diffraction studies which reveal a $c$-axis correlation range of \ensuremath{\sim}350 \AA{}. The structure factor and widths of the ($00l$) reflections calculated on the basis of the proposed stacking sequence are in excellent agreement with experimental observations.
A comparative study of feedback controller sensitivity to all orders of PMD for a fixed DGD compensator

A comparative study of the performance of different feedback controllers for a fixed DGD compensator shows that a spectral line control signal is more effective in the presence of higher-order PMD than a DOP ellipsoid controller.
Analysis of consonant recognition scores of congenital sensorineural hearing impaired

The five lists of the Fairbanks Rhyme Test were presented to the better ear of twelve teenagers with bilateral, congenital, moderate to profound sensorineural hearing losses, at 20 dB above their speech reception thresholds. Analysis of the recognition scores revealed that the /s/ score of 69% was the highest. The average score for /d/ and /t/ of 48% was almost double the average score for /b/ and /p/ of 26%. The relatively high scores for /s/, /d/, and /t/, and low scores for /b/ and /p/ are different from what one would expect on basis of subjects' audiograms in relation to acoustic energy in these consonants.
A prototype testbed for steady-state and transient studies of computer communication networks

A software-driven approach towards a prototype testbed for computer networks is considered. To generate statistically significant results, the testbed has the ability to make thousands of runs with a single operator set-up. An attempt is made to provide an intelligent user interface to distributed resources through user-friendly, interactive screens. The network configuration and connectivity is totally user-configurable. The input data for the runs have been kept parametric to prevent frequent recompiles. The provision of local memory at every node for storage of event data reduces overhead. The monitor software including the user interface, metapacket formation for downloading to the network under test, and a completed loop through a VAX which simulates the network under test demonstrates the system. The system has been designed for an expandable, flexible testbed, and the monitor interface and design is applicable to real hardware nodes, software-simulated nodes, or a hybrid combination of both. >
Simultaneous 3R regeneration and wavelength conversion using a fiber-parametric limiting amplifier

We present a 3R regenerator with simultaneous functionality of wavelength conversion. It consists of a fiber-parametric limiting amplifier and a phase-locked loop in a novel configuration. The 10 Gbit/s regenerator effectively reduces input signal noise and jitter.
An integral-spectral approach for convective-diffusive mass transfer with chemical reaction in Couette flow Mathematical formulation and numerical illustrations

Abstract The convective-diffusive mass transfer problem with chemical reaction in a Couette planar flow has been analyzed in terms of the integralspectral methods originally introduced by Arce et al. (Comput. Chem. Eng. 2(11) (1988) 1103). The problem is solved by inverting the differential model into an integral equation of a Volterra type, in the axial variable, and of the Fredholm type, in the radial coordinate. The kernel of such an integral equation is given by the Green function which does not contain any of the kinetic parameters of the (homogeneous and/or heterogeneous) reaction term. This Green function is computed in terms of the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the Sturm-Liouville problem associated with the radial variable. The Sturm-Liouville problem is solved (analytically) by using Airy functions and the final integral equation must be solved by an iteration procedure. Several of the mathematical formulation details are discussed and many numerical examples are presented to illustrate the technique: for example, concentration profiles for systems with heterogeneous (wall) catalytic reactions, homogenous (global) reactions and simultaneous (global and wall catalytic) reactions with kinetics of a general form, i.e. power-law and Langmuir-Hinshelwood types of functions are investigated. The solutions to the class of problems considered here are obtained as particular cases of the general integral equation solution of the differential model discussed in the article. The effects of relevant parameters in the system on the computational algorithm with respect to convergence and (numerical) stability characteristics are discussed.
African American Women’s Definitions of Spirituality and Religiosity:

These two qualitative studies explore the meanings of spirituality for African American women and the distinctions that women make between spirituality and religiosity. In Study 1, content analyses of women’s (N = 128) written narratives reveal 13 categories of meaning that are assigned to spirituality. In Study 2, indepth interviews with a subsample of women (N = 21) reveal three key differences between religiosity and spirituality. First, whereas religiosity is associated with organized worship, spirituality is defined as the internalization of positive values. Second, religion is conceptualized as a path and spirituality as an outcome. Finally, whereas religion is tied to worship, spirituality is associated with relationships.
Clinical application of markers of cardiac injury: basic concepts and new considerations

Cardiac markers have progressed from measurement of enzymes such as serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and creatine kinase isoenzymes to structural proteins such as cardiac troponin. The utility of biomarkers have evolved from diagnosis of cardiac injury to assessment of the prognosis of patients with unstable angina. While cardiac angiography can serve as the gold standard for coronary anatomy, it is inadequate for detecting active myocardial damage. The finding of a typical rising and falling pattern of a highly specific biochemical marker in blood such as cardiac troponin will likely be the best indicator for detection of myocardial cell necrosis.
The philosophy of an engineering educator

We, as a nation, have emerged. The education to maintain and expand our society is available to all. The new challenge to the unique, the intelligent, the eager, and the ambitious is to explore the frontiers of knowledge, discover the magnificence of the order of nature, and then to apply this accrued wisdom to the creation of a new and better life for our whole society. The engineering school must stimulate and challenge its select students to explore and solve our great sociotechnological problems. It must not merely train its young men to maintain the present; it must do what others cannot in using the strength of its unique students and our pioneering heritage to provide this nation with that elite body of men who have always sought the way to a better life. It must supply society with sociotechnological explorer-leaders.
The relationship of sex to asthma prevalence, health care utilization, and medications in a large managed care organization

Background Age-related sex differences in asthma hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits have been reported, but relationships of these differences to disease prevalence and outpatient management have not been defined. Objectives To define the relationships of sex to asthma-related health care utilization and medications, accounting for age-related differences in asthma prevalence. Methods Computerized data from Southern California Kaiser-Permanente were used to identify asthmatic patients, aged 2 to 64 years, enrolled continuously during 1999 and 2000. Age-specific asthma prevalence in 1999 was calculated to identify ages of male or female predominance. Males and females were compared with regard to asthma-related health care utilization outcomes (outpatient clinic visits, ED visits, and hospitalizations) and medication use (β-agonists, inhaled steroids, and oral steroids). Hospitalizations, ED visits, and oral steroid use were considered markers of disease severity. Results Of the 60,694 subjects, the female-male prevalence ratio was approximately 35:65 at each age between 2 and 13 years, it was inverse (65:35) between the ages of 23 and 64 years, and prevalences were relatively similar at the ages of 14 to 22 years. In patients aged 2 to 13 years, most utilization and medication variables were significantly greater in males ( P Conclusions Asthma utilization and severity appear greater in males aged 2 to 13 years, somewhat greater in females aged 14 to 22 years, and definitely greater in females aged 23 to 64 years. The mechanisms for these striking sex differences merit further investigation.
Detection and Resolution of Incoherent Objects by a Background-Limited Optical System*

The detection of incoherent objects, light from which is received in the presence of a spatially and temporally white background, is treated by signal detection theory. For a given total energy received from the object, the detectability decreases with a decrease of the degree of coherence, at the aperture of the optical system, of the light from the object. Resolution of two identical objects depends on deciding whether two are present in the field of view or only one, and their resolvability is measured by the probability of making this decision correctly. Its dependence on the area of the aperture and the size and separation of the objects is worked out. A conceptual scheme for realizing optimum detection is presented. Cramer–Rao bounds are given for the variances of unbiased estimates of object parameters such as radiance and position.
DNA fingerprinting on trial: the dramatic early history of a new forensic technique

The early history of "DNA fingerprinting" in the UK might have been different were it not for the accounts of two dramatic courtroom trials, made by the participants and the media, in the mid-1980s. But these reports, which misrepresented the importance DNA evidence had in the trials, left a strong impression on the British public and on judges on both sides of the Atlantic. These trials, widely considered to be the first "victories" for DNA fingerprinting, have been frequently cited as proof of the utility and reliability of the technique, in both the UK and beyond. But in reality, it was the threat of DNA evidence being used rather than the integrity or validity of it that resolved these cases. At that time, DNA fingerprinting was still in its infancy, an untried and untested technology.
Opsonization of tumor-reactive T cells in SJL/J mice bearing syngeneic tumors.

The role of antigen-reactive cell opsonization (ARCO) in a syngeneic tumor system and its effect on tumor progression was investigated. Thus, anti-tumor reactive T cells were prepared in vivo by immunization of normal SJL/J mice with mitomycin C-inactivated tumor cells of the syngeneic transplantable reticulum cell sarcoma (RCS) line LA-6. Dividing cells were subsequently labeled by injecting iodo-2-deoxyuridine (125IUdR) into the same animals 3 days later. Antigen-reactive cells (*ARC) present in the radiolabeled, nylon wool-fractionated spleen cell population taken from these mice on day 4 and injected IV into syngeneic SJL/J mice bearing LA-6 tumors were diverted to the liver and away from the spleen. The effect was maximal by 8 days following inoculation of tumor cells, and was specific inasmuch as 125IUdR-labeled cells prepared by immunization with allogeneic spleen or tumor cells which were not opsonized in day-8 LA-6 tumor-bearing mice. Opsonization of *ARC in day-8 LA-6 tumor-bearing mice was completely abrogated by either prior injection of heat-aggregated immunoglobulin into the mice or preincubation of the *ARC in solubilized tumor antigen before injection into tumor-bearing mice, demonstrating the involvement of Fc receptors in the host and antigen-specific receptors on the *ARC, respectively, in the opsonizing process. When anti-LA-6 reactive T cells were incubated in serum from LA-6 tumor-bearing mice and then injected IV into normal syngeneic SJL/J mice, a similar liver diversion was observed. Serum from cyclophosphamide-pretreated mice injected with LA-6 or serum from mice given mitomycin C-inactivated LA-6 cells did not cause opsonization of tumor-reactive T cells, while a mixture of these two sera did have some *ARC opsonizing activity. Further experiments with SJL/J mice bearing spontaneous RCS tumor indicate that tumor-reactive T cells are also opsonized in these mice. The above studies and others suggested that ARCO may play an important role in vivo in the survival of tumors.
Detection of HIV-1-specific CTL responses in Clade B infection with Clade C Peptides and not Clade B consensus peptides

The variability of HIV-1 sequences within and between persons in vivo complicates immunologic screening with a fixed sequence, and using peptides based on consensus sequences therefore has become a common practice for pathogenesis and vaccine studies. Here, we screen a cohort of HIV-1-infected persons in the United States for CD8+ T lymphocyte (CTL) responses using Gag peptides based on the Clade C primary isolate DU422 and the consensus sequence for Clade B. Surprisingly, the DU422 and Clade B consensus peptides are similar in sensitivity, but many responses are detected only by one set or the other. About equal numbers of discordantly detected responses are specific to consensus Clade B peptides as DU422 peptides. A minority of discordant detection is due to the varying frames of the peptide sets and therefore a technical artifact; the majority is due to sequence differences. This lack of superiority of the Clade B consensus peptides to detect CD8+ T lymphocyte responses is an unexpected finding that suggests that detection of HIV-1-specific cellular immunity with these peptides may be significantly insensitive and raises questions as to whether screening with a single sequence adequately reflects responses to the viral swarm in vivo.
Detecting a Higgs Pseudoscalar with a Z Boson at the LHC

Abstract We have adopted two Higgs doublet models to study the production of a Higgs pseudoscalar ( A 0 ) in association with a Z gauge boson from gluon fusion ( gg → ZA 0 ) at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The prospects for the discovery of ZA 0 →l l b b are investigated with physics backgrounds and realistic cuts. Promising results are found for m A ≲260 GeV in two Higgs doublet models when the heavier Higgs scalar ( H 0 ) can decay into a Z boson and a Higgs pseudoscalar ( A 0 ). Although the cross section of gg → ZA 0 is usually small in the minimal supersymmetric standard model, it can be significantly enhanced in general two Higgs doublet models. This discovery channel might provide an opportunity to search for a Higgs scalar and a Higgs pseudoscalar simultaneously at the LHC and could lead to new physics beyond the Standard Model and the minimal supersymmetric model.
Mixed convection from a rotating horizontal heated cylinder placed in a low-speed wind tunnel

Abstract Combined forced and natural convection from a rotating horizontal heated cylinder placed in a low-speed wind tunnel is investigated through numerous experiments set in the counterflow arrangement, i.e., with the free-stream velocity directed parallel to the gravity vector and opposite to the natural convection flow. The main goal of this work is to determine the dependence of the overall heat flux from the rotating cylinder, represented by the Nusselt number, on the free-stream Reynolds number, the rotational Reynolds number, and the Rayleigh number. Several correlations documenting this dependence were obtained and are presented in this paper. Good agreement with former investigations for several limiting cases is found and discussed. Scaling analysis, accurate in an order of magnitude sense, is also applied to define approximately the regions of dominance of the three heat transfer mechanisms involved in the problem: natural convection, free-stream forced convection, and rotational forced convection.
A capillary electrophoresis method for genotyping the 9-bp exon 1 insertion/deletion in BDKRB2

Aim: To develop and apply a novel genotyping method for the 9-bp exon 1 insertion/deletion polymorphism in BDKRB2. Materials & methods: DNA from 718 patients with heart failure was extracted using standard methods and a region containing exon 1 of BDKRB2 was amplified with PCR. The PCR product was separated using the Qiagen QIAxcel® capillary electrophoresis system. The bp size of the PCR product was calculated and the genotypes determined using Qiagen BioCalculator® software. Results: Capillary electrophoresis accurately genotyped samples with >99% call rate and 700 s run time per row of a 96-well plate (i.e., less than 1 min per sample). The frequency of the deletion was 49% in the Caucasian patients (n = 441) and 45% in the African–American (n = 277). Conclusion: Capillary electrophoresis is a rapid, accurate and sensitive method for genotyping the 9-bp exon 1 insertion/deletion polymorphism in BDKRB2. Original submitted 21 September 2011; Revision submitted 21 November 2011
Mechanisms of Autoinhibition and Dimerization of the EGF Receptor Family

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB) family of receptor tyrosine kinases initiates cell signaling in response to growth factors, thereby regulating cell growth, migration and division. Four members comprise this family (EGFR/HER1/ErbB1, ErbB2, ErbB3 and ErbB4), and activating mutations in each protein are associated with severe cancers of the lung, colon, head and neck.ErbB proteins consist of an extracellular ligand binding domain, a single transmembrane alpha-helix, and an intracellular kinase domain. Structural and functional studies of isolated domains of the EGFR family have revealed details of the complex mechanism of receptor regulation. Somewhat lacking, however, is our knowledge of the full-length receptor in its native membrane environment. Ligand binding is known to promote receptor dimerization and activation, but it is unclear how receptor behavior is altered by the two-dimensional environment of the plasma membrane. In particular, the mechanism by which receptor domains cooperate to transmit signals across the membrane is not well understood.Toward this end, we employed quantitative FRET microscopy to study dimerization of EGFR family proteins in plasma membrane-derived vesicles. This method measures FRET efficiency as a function of two-dimensional receptor concentration in the membrane. We investigated four receptor pairs: homodimers of ErbB1, ErbB2, and ErbB3, as well as heterodimers containing ErbB2 and ErbB3. We first observe that the isolated transmembrane (TM) domains have an intrinsic propensity to associate. Next, we demonstrate that the extracellular domains function to prevent TM domain interactions. Finally, we show that the intracellular domains alone are sufficient to drive receptor dimerization in the absence of ligand. Dimerization occurs in a concentration-dependent manner, and ligand shifts this threshold to low receptor concentration. Importantly, both of these dimerization events occur over a physiologically relevant concentration range.
Overallotment option restrictions and contract choice in initial public offerings

Abstract Relaxation of the national association of securities dealers (NASD) limit on overallotment option use in 1983 provides a natural experiment to test the substitutability or complementarity of underwriting contract terms in initial public offerings. For firms that would find the initial limit constraining, use of terms that are substitutes (complements) should decrease (increase) after the limit is raised. The evidence indicates that warrant compensation and overallotment options are substitutes. Underwriter reputation and overallotment options are substitutes if warrants are used as compensation and complements otherwise. The significant change in contract terms after 1983 suggests the initial NASD policy was costly.
Lower Devonian Polyplacophora from New South Wales, Australia

Silicified polyplacophorans are common in the Lower Devonian Garra Formation in New South Wales. Four taxa occur within the lower 237 m of the formation at 14 horizons associated with an abundant and diverse fauna. Chelodes calceoloides Etheridge ranges through the section. New taxa are Chelodes cordatus sp. nov., Acutichiton depressolatus sp. nov., and Jugochiton patulus gen. and sp. nov. A single plate of an indeterminate genus occurs in the lower portion of the Camelford Limestone.
Disseminated oral Kaposi sarcoma lesion with extensive visceral involvement

Summary Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) has been considered the most common malignancy associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection because of its propensity to develop in such individuals.This article, reports an unusual presentation of a disseminated oral KS lesion with extensive visceral involvement in an otherwise healthy young African-American male leading to a positive diagnosis of HIV.
Approximate analysis of central server models

Service time distributions at computer processing units are often nonexponential. Empirical studies show that different programs may have markedly different processing time requirements. When queuing disciplines are first come, first served, preemptive priority or nonpreemptive priority, models reflecting these characteristics are difficult to analyze exactly. Available approximate techniques are often too expensive for parametric analysis. Inexpensive approximate techniques for solution of central server models with the above characteristics are presented. Ther esults of these techniques are validated with simulation results.
The geometric properties of paired human tibiae

Abstract Quantitative data on the geometric properties of the long bones of the extremities and their expected variability are important for use in experimental and clinical investigations. Nine pairs of cadaveric human tibiae were analyzed using computer techniques to assess the distribution of geometric properties along the length of the bone from 20 to 80% of their total length. The properties reported include the gross cortical bone area, area moments of inertia, principal moments of inertia and directions, polar moment of inertia, and an “effective” polar moment of inertia derived using the “membrane analogy”. Right-left variability, sex related differences and expected differences between individuals were analyzed statistically. Significant geometric differences between individuals were observed and in some samples property differences were noted between right and left tibiae from a given individual. Sex related property differences are discussed.
Stabilization of acrylic fibers by sulfur atoms mechanism of stabilization

Abstract The conventional process for making carbon fibers from PAN fibers includes a preliminary step of oxidizing the fibers in order to stabilize the polymer prior to pyrolysis where oxygen atoms are incorporated into the polymer. We have found that the introduction of sulfur atoms can also stabilize the PAN fibers. It was concluded that the essential step of the stabilization of acrylic fibers is the formation of active sites by the incorporation of hetero atoms into the polymer to initiate polymerization of nitrile groups to form the condensed heterocylic ring structure. The kinetics of stabilization reaction were studied and it was found that stabilization is a first order reaction with activation energy of 30 kcal · mol −1 . The chemistry and the mechanism of the stabilization is proposed.
Lincoln—The speaker: (Part II)

(1931). Lincoln—The speaker: (Part II) Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 177-190.
The Preparation of School Psychologists within the context of Professional Psychology in the United States of America

The writer places psychology in the United States of America in a social, historical, legislative and professional context to show the position that school psychology holds as part of that science. The historical milestones in the development of an increasingly categorized profession are described, as reflected by the growing number of divisions of the American Psychological Association and 'specialties' in the National Association of School Psychologists. Licensing and certification issues, and the practice of school psychology in both public and private settings are considered. University preparation in school psychology is described, with details given about the prerequisites, course content, internship experiences and eventual service patterns.
A real-time all-atom structural search engine for proteins.

Protein designers use a wide variety of software tools for de novo design, yet their repertoire still lacks a fast and interactive all-atom search engine. To solve this, we have built the Suns program: a real-time, atomic search engine integrated into the PyMOL molecular visualization system. Users build atomic-level structural search queries within PyMOL and receive a stream of search results aligned to their query within a few seconds. This instant feedback cycle enables a new “designability”-inspired approach to protein design where the designer searches for and interactively incorporates native-like fragments from proven protein structures. We demonstrate the use of Suns to interactively build protein motifs, tertiary interactions, and to identify scaffolds compatible with hot-spot residues. The official web site and installer are located at http://www.degradolab.org/suns/ and the source code is hosted at https://github.com/godotgildor/Suns (PyMOL plugin, BSD license), https://github.com/Gabriel439/suns-cmd (command line client, BSD license), and https://github.com/Gabriel439/suns-search (search engine server, GPLv2 license).
Selective inhibition by chloramphenicol of ACTH-induced reorganization of inner mitochondrial membranes in fetal adrenal cortical cells in tissue cultures.

Tissue cultures of fetal rat adrenals were used to study effects of chloramphenicol on the ACTH-induced synthesis of mitochondrial inner membranes in the cortical cells. Chloramphenicol alone added to the culture medium in concentrations of 0.003, 0.03, 0.3, and 0.6 μ mole/ml/6 days induced no changes in the ultrastructure of cortical cells. Chloramphenicol in concentrations of 0.3 and 0.6 μ mole/ml/6 days given together with 100 mu/ml/6 days of ACTH inhibited completely the ACTH induced changes of mitochondrial inner membranes (formation of 600 A vesicles). Chloramphenicol in concentrations of 0.003 μ mole/ml/6 days caused no inhibition of the ACTH effects. In concentration of 0.03 μ mole/ml/6 days chloramphenicol resulted in incomplete inhibition of ACTH-induced formation of mitochondrial vesicular cristae. None of these doses of chloramphenicol affected other ACTH-induced changes in the fine structure of the cells such as increase of smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, hypertrophy of Golgi apparatus, and development of microvillous processes of plasma membranes. Chloramphenicol also caused no inhibition of the ACTH-induced accumulation of lipid in the cytoplasm. In cultivated cortical cells of Charles River strain albino rats small groups of annulated lamellae are commonly observed. The present observations suggest that: (1) the development of mitochondrial inner membranes is dependent, at least in part, on mitochondrial protein synthesis; (2) ACTH stimulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis in cortical cells is independent of ACTH-induced stimulation of nuclear-DNA-dependent protein synthesis; (3) doses of chloramphenicol which inhibit specialization of mitochondrial inner membranes of fetal adrenal cortical cells are comparable to those which inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria.
Real time monitoring of laser ablation for treatment of Barrett’s Esophagus by Optical Coherence Tomography

We present an integrated imaging/laser-ablation technique for treatment of Barrett’s Esophagus using Optical Coherence Tomography. The technique provides real time feedback during ablation on a micron scale and provides more accurate control of treatment volume.
A thermochemical study of La2-xAxCuO4-y (A=Ba, Sr, Ca, Pb)

The compounds La 2−x A x CuO 4−y ( A =Ba, Sr, Ca, Pb) were synthesized in their easily accessible single phase regions. High temperature solution calorimetry was performed to determine the enthalpies of formation at 704°C from oxide components. For small values of x (x x . In contrast, Pb substituted materials show no change in the enthalpy of formation. For higher values of x (x >0.1), the enthalpy of formation of the Ba, Sr, and Ca substituted materials differs significantly. These enthalpy trends are interpreted as a balance of effects due to oxidation, oxygen vacancy formation, and oxygen vacancy ordering. The former depends strongly on the basicity of the divalent cation. For La 2−x Sr x CuO 4−y , the enthalpy of oxidation (formation of formal Cu 3+ ) is −129±20 kJ/(mole O 2 ), the enthalpy of the charge balanced substitution resulting in oxygen vacancy formation is 0±10, and the enthalpy of oxygen vacancy ordering is −40±10 kJ/(mole O 2− vacancy). For La 2−x Ba x CuO 4−y , the enthalpy of oxidation is −220±50 kJ/(mole O 2 ), while the enthalpy of the charge balanced substitution is 0±10 as in the strontium doped system. Apparent phase relationships in the La 2−x A x CuO 4−y ( A =Ba, Sr, Ca, Pb) pseudobinary system are interpreted in terms of these thermodynamic properties.
Pediatric screening urinalysis: a difference-in-differences analysis of how a 2007 change in guidelines impacted use

Practice guidelines can promote higher-quality care, yet they are inconsistently adopted. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of a 2007 American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation to discontinue routine screening urinalysis in children. Using data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, we used a difference-in-differences approach to estimate visit-level screening urinalysis proportions before (2005-2006, n = 1,247) and after (2008-2009, n = 1,772) the 2007 AAP recommendation. We compared visits by children 4-18 years old to visits by young adults aged 19-32. Analyses were adjusted for continuous patient age, patient race/ethnicity, physician specialty, and stratified by patient gender and visit setting. The 2007 recommendation was associated with no significant change in adjusted visit-level screening urinalysis proportions in child visits (20.4% to 22.5%) compared to an increase in young adult visits (20.1% to 27.0%) – a differential impact of -4.8 percentage points (95% Confidence Interval [CI] -9.0, -0.5). In private practices, visit proportions differentially decreased by 7.6 percentage points (95% CI -13.7, -1.5) in female children and by 0.5 percentage points (95% CI -10.6, 9.6) in male children. In community health centers, visit proportions differentially decreased by 17.4 percentage points (95% CI -27.9, -6.8) in female children and by 33.5 percentage points (95% CI -47.4, -19.7) in male children. A 2007 recommendation to discontinue routine screening urinalysis in children was associated with no change in use in child visits relative to an increase in use in adult visits. Overall, nearly one-quarter of child visits still included screening urinalysis.