cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reputation, Certification, Warranties, and Information as Remedies for Seller-Buyer Information Asymmetries: Lessons from the On-line Comic Book Market

Signaling strategies, which sellers of high quality securities, goods, or services employ to differentiate their products from those of lower quality, include: (1) developing a reputation for high quality, (2) certification by a respected third party, (3) warranties, and (4) information disclosure. These signaling strategies are compared using data from the online auction market for classic comic books. This market has several advantages: (1) the information asymmetry is substantial, (2) good measures of reputation are available, and (3) all four signals are common. Third party certification of a comic's quality sends the strongest signal. On average, certified copies sell for roughly fifty percent more than uncertified comics of the same claimed quality, and the percentage differential is higher at the higher grades. It appears that part of the price differential between certified and uncertified comics is due to risk reduction. Books from sellers with positive reputations sell for more than books from sellers with negative reputations, and books from sellers with established reputations sell for more than those from seller's with fledgling reputations. However, reputation has less impact on the price than certification. There is no evidence that books with warranties sell for more than those without. Apparently, buyers either view these warranties as too costly to enforce or they reason that sellers of truly high quality comics should seek certification. We also explore which signals are substitutes or complements, and how choice among the other three strategies depends on the reputation of the seller and other information available to the buyer.
High energy battery safety: anecdotes, issues and approaches

The safety aspects of a battery's electrochemistry, design and manufacture can determine how, where or even if that battery may be used. Batteries that contain lithium require special consideration; the properties that make lithium useful for energy storage also increase the risks associated with its use. In this paper, safety issues for lithium and non-lithium primary and rechargeable battery systems are described. Historical anecdotes of battery safety incidents, both military and non-military, are presented. The US Navy's approach to lithium battery safety testing is also described.
Effects of plant population on the performance of seven varieties in the Klamath Basin of Oregon

The effects of seed spacing on the performance of seven potato cultivars grown at the Klamath Experiment Station in Southern Oregon were evaluated from 1987 through 1991. Seed spacings in 81 cm rows included 17, 22, and 30 cm, representing the range of local commercial practice. Most varieties evaluated experienced highly significant increases in tuber size as plant populations were decreased. Atlantic was the only variety that demonstrated reduced total yield or total yield of U.S. No.1’s at low populations. Plant population had limited effects on the incidence of hollow heart and no effect on specific gravity in most varieties. Optimum seed spacing for fresh market or processing crops ranged from 17 cm for Century Russet and Atlantic to 30 cm for Russet Norkotah. Century Russet, Gemchip, and Atlantic produced the highest marketable yields. Russet Norkotah experienced the largest yield variability between years. Atlantic and Gemchip were the most consistent in yield of U.S. No.1’s over years
It's Not What We Say, Exactly … or Is It?

An analogy rests on the reader or hearer grasping that a similarity exists between two things, one familiar and one rather less so, which we come to understand by way of inference to the familiar. ...
Cardiopulmonary Outcome at Age 10-13yrs Following Neonatal Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation(ECMO)

Cardiopulmonary Outcome at Age 10-13yrs Following Neonatal Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation(ECMO)
Coefficients of Clebsch-Gordan for the holomorphic discrete series

We prove a theorem for the tensor product of representations of the holomorphic discrete series analogous to the classical theorem of Clebsch-Gordan and give an asymptotic formula for corresponding ‘coefficients of Clebsch-Gordan.’ For small groups we compute the coefficients explicitly.
The Feasibility of Offering Videoconferencing Courses: Quality Issues and Lessons Learned

Abstract Two courses were transmitted between the main and branch campuses of Brigham Young University using the newest videoconferencing technology. One course originated at the main campus and the other at the branch campus, and each were broadcast to the other location. These two courses were evaluated using the five pillars of quality online education created by the Sloan Consortium, i.e., cost, accessibility, faculty satisfaction, student satisfaction, and learning effectiveness. Overall, the technology worked well and instructors and students alike were satisfied with the learning experience. Important pedagogical and technical elements were considered and suggestions for improvement were made.
Upper bounds of degree 3 for the probability of the union of events via linear programming

We consider the problem of generating upper bounds for the probability of the union of events when the individual probabilities of the events as well as the probabilities of pairs and triples of these events are known. By formulating the problem as a Linear Program, we can obtain bounds as objective function values corresponding to dual basic solutions. The upper bounds are based on underlying graph structures.
Increase in functional bladder capacity and improvements in enuresis

A follow-up study of 83 children with enuresis demonstrates a relationship between increased bladder capacity and improvement in enuresis. The effect of age on functional bladder capacity and the wide variability among children even of the same age are stressed.
Increased Cell-Substrate Adhesion Accompanies Conditional Reversion to the Normal Phenotype in Ras-Oncogene-Transformed NIH-3T3 Cells

We recently reported (1991, Mol. Cell Biol. 11, 3699-3710) that depletion of c-myc protein by myc antisense sequences in ras-transformed NIH-3T3 cells reverses several of the malignant characteristics of these cells. These include transformed morphology, growth in soft agar, and ability to form tumors in athymic mice. In the present study we examined the same cells for in vitro adhesive behavior. Cells depleted of c-myc protein by antisense transfection showed no change in attachment to fibronectin-coated dishes as compared to ras-transformed NIH-3T3 cells but had greatly increased resistance to trypsin/EDTA-mediated release from the substratum after attachment. In concomitant studies, the cells were examined for fibronectin biosynthesis and cell surface fibronectin. There was no overall change in fibronectin biosynthesis in the c-myc antisense transfected cells as compared to the ras-transformed NIH-3T3. However, immunofluorescence staining revealed increased amount of surface fibronectin associated with the antisense c-myc-expressing transfectants. Taken together, these data indicate that the conditional reacquisition of the nonmalignant phenotype in ras-transformed NIH-3T3 cells by selected depletion of c-myc protein is associated with an increase in cell-substrate adhesion. This, in turn, is associated with an increase in surface fibronectin.
The mysteries of a platelet adhesion receptor

Comment on Othman et al, page [4330][1] Again-of-function mutation of the platelet adhesion receptor GP Ibα caused by deletion of a region far removed from the ligand-binding site forces a reassessment of the mechanisms by which platelets attach to von Willebrand factor at sites of blood vessel
APCLUST: A versatile Apple II program to perform agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis

A variety of algorithms for performing agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis have been embodied in programs on mainframe computers (Blashfield, Aldenderfer, & Morey, 1982), but few clustering programs are available as yet for microcomputers (Whaley, 1982; recently Gilpin, 1985, described a program which performs hierarchical clustering analysis using a divisive procedure). Program APCLUST performs hierarchical clustering analyses on the Apple IT family of computers. Requirements. The program is written in APPLESOFf BASIC, a dialect of Microsoft BASIC, and should run without changes on other members of the Apple IT family (IT, ITe, and ITc), provided at least 48K bytes of RAM are available (the program requires 28K bytes of free memory). It is written to direct output to a printer if one is available, but may be used on systems lacking a printer as well. Conversion to other systems running Microsoft BASICs should be straightforward; a section of the APPLESOFf BASIC manual is devoted to relevant peculiarities of the Apple IT version. A disk drive running DOS 3.3 is necessary if the me input option, discussed below, is to be used. Input/Output Options. The program APCLUST requires as input the upper half (including diagonal) of a triangular matrix of values representing dissimilarities between pairs of up to 60 objects (variables). Data may be entered in three ways: (1) via DATA statements added to the program; (2) via entry from the keyboard during program execution; and (3) via a previously created data file on diskette (a utility program, APCLUSTFILEBUILDER, is provided to create the file). Output may be directed to the screen or to a printer in any slot (port) number. If desired, the program will pause periodically during output, awaiting a response from the user, to prevent results from scrolling off the screen. APCLUST assumes that the data matrix represents a single two/way
The effect of nanoparticles on thin film elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication

Carefully conducted friction tests of a nano-lubricant in the thin film elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication regime showed that the presence of nanoparticles reduces friction. By using surface analyses techniques and molecular dynamics simulations, we explored the effectiveness of different interactions in the system, namely the interactions between nanoparticles with the lubricant or surfaces. Based on the results, the friction reduction mechanism was found to be that the nanoparticles induce an obstructed flow (plug flow) in the thin film between lubricated surfaces. This reduces friction by forcing only a few layers of lubricant molecules to slide on each other.
Understanding Person Perceptions: Comparing Four Common Statistical Approaches to Third-Person Research

This article addresses whether current methods of measurement are sufficient to reflect all nuances of the third-person effect. We do so by content analyzing all major third-person effect (3PE) articles, assessing measurement and analysis approaches employed by 3PE researchers. We revisit data from two published studies, comparing analytical models that emerged as commonly used by 3PE researchers (i.e., the standard subtractive measure, Whitt's Diamond model, first- and third-person estimates entered separately, and the subtractive measure with self-estimates as a control). Ultimately our analysis helps us understand past research and makes suggestions for research approaches in the future. First, researchers need to more carefully explore the role of first- and third-person perceptions in the behavioral hypothesis. Second, using only one analytical model does not tell the complete story. To that end, we propose a multimodel approach to analyses in third-person research be applied to extant and future wor...
Charged Bose Gas

By using the Bohm-Pines and Bogoliubov formalisms as well as the random-phase approximation, the investigation of the charged Bose gas is extended into the intermediate densities for which ${r}_{s}\ensuremath{\lesssim}O(1)$. The ground state energy is essentially correlation energy, and is therefore negative as expected. The expression for the plasmon spectrum does possess an energy gap; the single-particle excitation spectrum does not. The specific-heat function is examined to first order in the temperature and is shown to approach zero from above as the temperature does the same. Finally, the expression for the pressure is shown to persist in remaining negative for all ${r}_{s}\ensuremath{\lesssim}O(1)$ at zero temperature.
Cisplatin resistance conferred by the RAD51D (E233G) genetic variant is dependent upon p53 status in human breast carcinoma cell lines.

RAD51D, a paralog of the mammalian RAD51 gene, contributes towards maintaining genomic integrity by homologous recombination DNA repair and telomere maintenance. A RAD51D variant, E233G, was initially identified as a potential susceptibility allele in high-risk, site-specific, familial breast cancer. We describe in this report that the Rad51d (E233G) genetic variant confers increased cisplatin resistance and cell growth phenotypes in human breast carcinoma cell lines with a mutant p53 gene (BT20 and T47D) but not with a wild-type p53 gene (MCF-7). Treatment with a p53 specific inhibitor, pifithrin α, restored this resistant phenotype in the MCF-7 cell line. Additionally, Rad51d (E233G) conferred increased cisplatin resistance of an MCF7 cell line in which p53 expression was stably knocked down by shRNAp53, indicating that the effect of this variant is dependent upon p53 status. Further study of Rad51d (E233G) will provide mechanistic insight towards the role of RAD51D in cellular response to anticancer agents and as a potential target for cancer therapy. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Studies of model dependence in an ab initio approach to uncatalyzed oxygen reduction and the calculation of transfer coefficients

Abstract In a recent study [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121 (1999) 11855], an ab initio approach to calculate potential dependent activation energies was applied in studying the outer-sphere O 2 reduction and H 2 O oxidation. The purpose of this paper is to examine influences of changes in the calculational methodology and the reactant structural models. The first step in the overall four-electron reduction of O 2 to water, O 2 (g) + H + ( aq )+ e − (U)⇌ HOO(aq) is the focus of this work. U is the electrode potential and H + (aq) is modeled by the [HOH 2 (OH 2 ) 2 ] + cluster. For an electrode potential of 0.727 V on the hydrogen scale, the findings of this study are: 1. Determining the transition state structures constrained to using the product OOH angle is a satisfactory approximation. 2. The calculated activation energies are reduced for the forward reaction and increased for the reverse reaction when the hydronium ion structure is relaxed along the reaction coordinate. 3. Calculated reduction activation energies using the 6-31G** basis set are highest for the HF calculations, intermediate for MP2 calculations and lowest for B3LYP density functional calculations. Adding diffuse functions lowers all of the values. 4. Increasing the model size by coordinating another water molecule to the transferring proton increases the activation energy for the forward reaction. In addition to the above, the transfer coefficients in the Butler–Volmer equation relating current density to overpotential are calculated and discussed.
Generation of arrhythmias in myocardial ischemia and infarction.

Abstract In recent years an enhanced interest among researchers combined with the availability of new technologies has increased our knowledge of the mechanisms that generate arrhythmias in patients with ischemic heart disease. Convincing evidence has been obtained to support the occurrence of reentry in ischemic myocardium. This has been especially apparent in canine studies in the surviving layers overlying infarctions several days after coronary occlusion. In this planar model, the reentry circuit forms a figure-8 configuration around an arc of functional block due to refractoriness; the center of the arc is the site of unidirectional block and reentry. The reentry circuit is sustained by wavefronts of activation encircling segments in which the tissue on either side is alternately receptive and refractory, a variant of the leading circle model of reentry. The relatively prolonged refractoriness in ischemic tissue is due to time-dependent refractoriness, i.e., postrepolarization refractoriness, which is most prominent in more severely depolarized cells. Slow conduction is related in part to primary depression of the fast channels. There is a great variation in refractory periods in ischemic tissue because of variation in action potential duration and in the duration of time-dependent refractoriness. The depolarized resting potentials of cells in acute ischemia are due in part to extracellular accumulation of potassium and intracellular accumulation of calcium. In the latter stages of ischemia it is likely that abnormalities of ion distribution across the sarcolemma play a role. It has also been demonstrated that ischemic Purkinje fibers show abnormal automaticity, i.e., enhanced phase 4 depolarization at depolarized diastolic potentials, and afterdepolarizations with triggered firing. The relative importance of these 2 phenomena in arrhythmias in vivo is controversial. There is evidence that reflection may be a mechanism for the generation of ectopic beats in the first few minutes of acute ischemia.
Hydrolysis of butteroil by immobilized lipase using a hollow‐fiber reactor: Part II. Uniresponse kinetic studies

A lipase from Aspergillus niger immobilized by adsorption on microporous, polypropylene hollow fibers was used to effect the hydrolysis of the glycerides of melted butterfat at 40°C and pH 7.0. Mcllvane buffer was pumped through the lumen and melted butterfat was pumped courrently through the shell side of a shell-and-tube reactor. Nonlinear regression methods were employed to determine the kinetic parameters of three nested rate expressions derived from a Ping Pong Bi Bi enzymatic mechanism coupled with three nested rate expressions for the thermal deactivation of the enzyme. For the reaction conditions used in this research, a four-parameter rate expression (which includes a two-parameter deactivation rate expression and a two-parameter hydrolysis rate expression) is sufficient to model the overall release of free fatty acids from the triglycerides of butterfat as a function of space time and time elapsed after immobilization. At a space time of 3.7 h immediately after immobilization of lipase, 50% of the fatty acid residues esterified in the sn-1,3 positions of the triglycerides can be released in the hollow-fiber reactor.
A Note on the Probability of k Pure Nash Equilibria in Matrix Games

Abstract A formula is derived for the probability that a "randomly selected" n-person matrix game has exactly k pure strategy equilibria. It is shown that for all n ≥ 2, this probability converges to e−1/k! as the sizes of the strategy sets of at least two players increase without bound. Thus the number of pure strategy equilibria in large random n-person matrix games is approximately Poisson distributed with mean one. The latter is a known result obtained by a new proof in this note. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Number: C72.
Reversible Gelation in Isotropic Solutions of the Helical Polypeptide Poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate): Kinetics and Formation Mechanism of the Fibrillar Network†

Poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate) (PBLG) is a synthetic polypeptide with a rigid helical conformation in several solvents. Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering measurements were used to study the reversible gelation process in semidilute isotropic solutions of PBLG in benzyl alcohol. Time-resolved measurements of the scattering signal due to aggregation of PBLG helices into a network of microfibrils show characteristics of a nucleation and growth process with an incubation period which is extremely sensitive to the gelation temperature. Analysis by the Avrami equation yields an exponent of about 2. A mechanism of homogeneous nucleation and one-dimensional growth of fibrils, which incidentally merge or branch to form the network, is proposed. The thermodynamic transition temperature controlling fibril nucleation seems to be below the gel melting temperature. This transition may be an incongruent melting point of an ordered crystalline phase, which lies within the wide biphasic region of the phase diagram.
Actors: a unifying model for parallel and distributed computing

Abstract Parallel computing and distributed computing have traditionally evolved as two separate research disciplines. Parallel computing has addressed problems of communication-intensive computation on tightly-coupled processors while distributed computing has been concerned with coordination, availability, timeliness, etc., of more loosely coupled computations. Current trends, such as parallel computing on networks of conventional processors and Internet computing, suggest the advantages of unifying these two disciplines. Actors provide a flexible model of computation which supports both parallel and distributed computing. One may evaluate the utility of a programming paradigm in terms of four criteria: expressiveness, portability, efficiency, and performance predictability. We discuss how the Actor model and programming methods based on it support these goals. In particular, we provide an overview of the state of the art in Actor languages and their implementation. Finally, we place this work in the context of recent developments in middleware, the Java language, and agents.
Why the Operation I Prefer is Silastic Ring Vertical Gastric Bypass.

Silastic ring vertical gastric bypass is a composite operation which maximizes the advantages of the vertical banded gastroplasty and the gastric bypass operations. It is our operation of choice because it appears to date to be the only operation that addresses the medical and psychosocioeconomic problem of severe obesity. Acute complications include wound infection, wound seroma and anastomotic leaks. Late complications include marginal ulcers (6%), staple-line breakdown (4%), Iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency and anemia. The operation is relatively simple, safe, effective and acceptable to the patients and doctors.
A Pilot 11C-Choline PET-CT Imaging Study in Patients With Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer.

Purpose/Objectives: As concomitant chemoradiation followed by esophagectomy has become standard treatment for locally advanced esophageal cancer, there has been increasing emphasis on identifying a reliable imaging modality to assess treatment response. Given the high false negative and false positive findings with 18F-FDG-PET in the post-treatment setting, many have sought to pursue other radiopharmaceuticals that could potentially better delineate sites of malignancy. Choline, a component of the key cell membrane building block phosphatidylcholine, has emerged as a potential useful radiotracer target for PET/CT imaging in evaluating treatment-response after neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Materials/Methods: Eight eligible patients were selected to undergo baseline and post-treatment 11-C Choline PET/CT imaging. Treatmentrelated changes seen on 11-C Choline PET were then compared to pathologic, radiographic and/or clinical follow-up data. Results: On review of our small series, the observed pCR rate was 25%. Six of the eight patients had 11C Choline PET imaging that correlated with their overall clinical outcomes, as defined by pathology and/or follow-up imaging. Two of eight patients had resolution of their primary lesion following treatment, as visualized on 11-C Choline PET. Neither patient went on to surgery, but both had confirmed negative post-treatment EGD pathology and corresponding negative conventional imaging. Two patients exhibited partial responses to therapy, as seen on 11-C Choline PET, which was confirmed on surgical pathology. A single patient was found to have unchanged disease burden on post-treatment 11-C imaging with subsequent conventional follow up concordant with stable disease. On review of the eight patients, there was a greater difference in preand post-treatment primary lesion SUV observed in patients who reached a CR on 11-C imaging (SUV 7.8) as compared to those who reached PR/SD on 11-C imaging (SUV 2.5). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the only prospective pilot study investigating the use of 11-Choline PET/CT for response assessment in locally advanced esophageal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Although no correlation between SUVmax and pathologic response could be established with such a small cohort, the overall findings support development of a larger trial to investigate the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 11C Choline PET/CT for neoadjuvant treatment assessment in esophageal cancer.
Annealing effects in the Ag/AI-(100) InP system: AI redistribution and film recrystallization

Annealing effects on contact metallurgy were examined in the Ag/Al-(100) InP system. Metal film configuration and annealing conditions were those that resulted in Schottky contacts with superior electrical characteristics. Metallurgical changes were observed with transmission electron microscopy combined with selected area diffraction (SAD) and x-ray diffraction. A1 was redistributed from the metal-semiconductor interface throughout the Ag overlayer upon annealing. Subsequent cooling resulted in the precipitation of Ag2Al. During annealing the metal film underwent surface energy driven recrystallization (SEDR) with the predominant orientation observed in large recrystallized grains being: Ag(111)‖InP(100) and, to within 9° of rotation, Ag(110)‖InP(001). It is proposed that the thin Al interlayer and formation of Ag2A1 early in the annealing cycle modifies the interaction between the metal film and InP substrate which results in contact metallurgy substantially different than that observed for either pure Ag or Al films on (100) InP.
Regulating Genetic Tests: Who Owns the Data?

Direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing is not as dangerous as A. L. McGuire et al. suggest (“Regulating direct-to-consumer personal genome testing,” Policy Forum, 8 October, p. [181][1]). The belief that genetic information will compel consumers to behave unreasonably is unfounded. Unlike the classical genetic tests that look for rare genetic abnormalities (such as Huntington's disease), genetic tests sold directly to consumers cannot diagnose a disease. They merely provide information about DNA sequence variations, or single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Certain SNPs can be found more often among individuals with a particular disease or condition. For example, one particular combination of two SNPs in the APOE gene occurs 3 to 20 times more frequently in individuals with Alzheimer's ([ 1 ][2]). Consequently, a person with this particular combination of SNPs could be at a greater risk to develop Alzheimer's; the mere presence of these SNPs is not diagnostic. There is no reason to require government approval before allowing a person to see his or her own genetic information. After receiving results that indicate a health-related risk, a person will likely see a doctor to determine the next appropriate step. This action would be no different from a person's response to learning that he or she has increased blood pressure, cholesterol, or weight. Should DTC sales of weight scales be regulated too? The real question is what will happen if governments, big pharma, committees, and other faceless bodies gain control of our genetic information. College admissions based on genotype? Advertising geared to those with a particular SNP? This is a question for the ethicists to ponder. 1. [↵][3] 1. L. Bertram 2. et al ., Nat. Genet. 39, 17 (2007). [OpenUrl][4][CrossRef][5][PubMed][6][Web of Science][7] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1194006 [2]: #ref-1 [3]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text" [4]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNature%2Bgenetics%26rft.stitle%253DNat%2BGenet%26rft.aulast%253DBertram%26rft.auinit1%253DL.%26rft.volume%253D39%26rft.issue%253D1%26rft.spage%253D17%26rft.epage%253D23%26rft.atitle%253DSystematic%2Bmeta-analyses%2Bof%2BAlzheimer%2Bdisease%2Bgenetic%2Bassociation%2Bstudies%253A%2Bthe%2BAlzGene%2Bdatabase.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1038%252Fng1934%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F17192785%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [5]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1038/ng1934&link_type=DOI [6]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=17192785&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fsci%2F330%2F6011%2F1626.2.atom [7]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000243136500012&link_type=ISI
The question of DNA repair in hyperthermophilic archaea

Hyperthermophilic archaea grow at temperatures that destabilize the primary structure of DNA and in evolutionary terms they are highly divergent from other well studied microorganisms. These prokaryotes should therefore require DNA damage repair to be unusually effective, and could employ novel mechanisms for this repair. Recent genome sequence analyses and biochemical and genetic assays suggest a distribution of DNA repair strategies that raises intriguing questions for future study.
Reproducible preparation of low-capacity anion-exchange resins

Abstract A procedure is described for the reproducible preparation of very low-capacity strong-base anion-exchange resins. The resins are intended for use in single column ion chromatography and range in capacity from less than 0.005 meq/g to 0.16 meq/g when XAD-1 is used as a substrate. Capacities can typically be reproduced to within a few microequivalents per gram on successive batches. It is believed that the ion-exchange groups are introduced on the surface of the resin.
Location of neutralizing epitopes defined by monoclonal antibodies generated against the outer capsid polypeptide, VP1, of foot-and-mouth disease virus A12

Abstract The epitopes of six monoclonal antibodies generated against type A12 foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) VP1 or its largest cyanogen bromide fragment (13 kd) were characterized. Five of these monoclonal antibodies neutralized viral infectivity. Solid-phase and competitive antigen binding assays using virion-derived antigens or a biosynthetic VP1 polypeptide identified two distinct neutralizing epitopes. One epitope was located between amino acid residues 145–168 of VP1 and the other between amino acids 169–179. The results indicate that antibodies reacting with two distinct areas of the VP1 polypeptide are capable of neutralizing FMD virus.
Postanneal Mechanical Properties of Prestrained AA5182-O Sheets

The effects of different prestrain levels, paths, and subsequent annealing on the postannealing mechanical properties of AA5182-O were investigated. Aluminum sheet specimens were prestrained in uniaxial, plane strain, and equibiaxial tension to several equivalent strain levels, annealed at 350 °C for short (10 s) and long (20 min) durations and then tested for postannealing mechanical properties, including tensile properties, anisotropy, and forming limits. The tensile properties, R-values at 0, 45, and 90 deg relative to the sheet rolling direction, and forming limit diagrams (FLDs) exhibited dependencies on prestrain and annealing history. The importance of the process variables and their effects were identified via designed experiments and analysis of variance. Three-dimensional digital image correlation, which captured the onset of local necking, was employed in the FLD development. Texture in the as-received and deformed sheets was investigated with electron backscatter diffraction and provided a means for linking prestrain and static recovery or recrystallization with microstructure. This guided the understanding of the mechanical property changes observed after preforming and annealing. Ultimately, the expanded forming limit curve demonstrated the advantage of annealing in extending the formability of strained.
Metabolic fate of T-2 toxin in a lactating cow

Abstract Excretion, transmission and metabolism of T-2 toxin, a trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, was studied in a lactating Jersey cow. After daily oral administration of unlabelled T-2 toxin by capsule for 3 consecutive days, tritium-labelled T-2 toxin was administered orally on day 4. Maximum levels of radioactivity in excreta and plasma were reached at the following times after dosing (with the concentration, expressed as T-2 toxin, in parenthesis): faeces at 44 hr (9·2 ppm), urine at 16 hr (5·5 ppm), milk at 16 hr (37 ppb) and plasma at 8 hr (64 ppb). By 72 hr almost all of the radioactivity had been eliminated in the urine and faeces, in a ratio of 3:7 respectively, and 0·2% of the dose given to the cow had been transmitted into the milk. Insignificant accumulation of the toxin in specific organs was observed. Chromatographic analyses of the tritium residues in cow tissues and excreta revealed that T-2 toxin was rapidly metabolized, yielding principally three major unknown metabolites (designated TC-1, TC-3 and TC-6) in addition to very polar metabolite(s) designated TC-8. Within the first 24 hr, the three major metabolites accounted for 30–40% of the extractable radioactivity in urine, 60–70% in milk and 50–60% in plasma. Minor amounts of unmetabolized T-2 toxin and of the metabolites HT-2 toxin, neosolaniol, and 4-deacetylneosolaniol were also detected in the cow.
Primary/Leakage Flow Interaction in a Pump Stage

The finite-element analysis of the combined primary and leakage flow streams in a centrifugal pump is presented. To date, this computational model provides the most accurate zeroth-order flow field for rotordynamic calculations, short of analyzing the entire flow field on a fully three-dimensional basis. In formulating the problem, the shaft work is modeled via the angular momentum it imparts to the primary flow stream across the impeller blade region. In casting the boundary conditions, special attention is paid to the multi-connectivity of the newly-contoured computational domain in such a way to avoid over-specification of the problem. The analysis is applied to a typical pump stage with a face seal being part of the leakage passage. The numerical results are then compared to the outcome of the existing lower-order analysis where the impeller subdomain was totally extracted
Progress in the US DOE fuel cell subprogram efforts in polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Abstract The United States imports approximately 58% of its petroleum and about 2/3 of that is used for propulsion of cars and light trucks [The White House National Economic Council. Advanced Energy Initiative, 〈 http://www.whitehouse.gov/stateoftheunion/2006/energy/energy_booklet.pdf 〉 ; 2006]. It is important to reduce dependence on foreign oil. Hydrogen-fueled fuel cells for transportation have the potential to solve these problems. The US Department of Energy (DOE) is supporting research, development and demonstration of several types of fuel cells, including polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, primarily for transportation applications. PEM technologies being developed with funding from DOE include electrolyte and membrane materials, catalyst and support materials, water management (including freeze/thaw) in the cell and stack, and bipolar plates. The effort is focused on the key issues of performance, durability, and cost. This paper provides an overview of the progress being made with DOE support.
Minnesota dentists? Attitudes toward the dental therapist workforce model

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate dentists׳ attitudes and perceptions toward dental therapists, a new licensed dental provider in Minnesota. This study employed mixed modes to administer a survey using a stratified random sample of 1000 dentists in Minnesota. The response rate was 55% (AAPOR RR1: n =551/999). Results showed a majority of dentists were opposed to dental therapists performing irreversible procedures. In addition, results identified perceived barriers to hiring a dental therapist and found dentists do not believe dental therapists will alleviate oral health disparity in the State.
Voltage- and time dependence of apical membrane conductance during current clamp inNecturus gallbladder epithelium

The effects of short (1 sec) and long (1 min) transepithelial current clamps on membrane voltages and resistances ofNecturus gallbladder were investigated. Transepithelial and cell membrane current-voltage relationships determined from 1-sec clamps revealed that: a) depolarization of the apical membrane voltage (Vmc) results in a marked decrease in apical membrane fractional resistance (fRa), whereas hyperpolarization ofVmc results in either no change infRa or a small increase, and b) the voltage-dependent changes infRa are essentially complete within 500 msec. Exposure of the tissue to 5mm TEA+ on the mucosal side caused no significant change in baselineVmc (−69±2 mV) and yet virtually abolished the voltage dependence offRa. A possible interpretation of these results is that two types of K+ channels exist in the apical membrane, with different voltage dependencies and TEA+ sensitivities. Acidification or Ba2+ addition to the mucosal solution also reduced the voltage-dependent changes infRa. The time courses of the changes infRa and in the cable properties of the epithelium were assessed during 1-min transepithelial current clamps (±200 μA/cm2). No secondary change infRa was observed with mucosa-to-serosa currents, but a slow TEA+-sensitive decrease infRa (half-time of seconds) was evident with serosa-to-mucosa currents. Cable analysis experiments demonstrated that the initial (<500 msec) voltage-dependent decrease infRa is due to a fall in apical membrane resistance. The later decrease infRa is due to changes in both cell membrane resistances attributable to the increase in transcellular current flow resulting from a fall in paracellular conductance. The voltage dependence of the apical membrane conductance is a more significant problem in estimatingfRa than the current-induced effects on the lateral intercellular spaces. In principle, TEA+ can be used to prevent the nonlinear behavior ofRa during measurements of the voltage divider or membrane resistance ratio.
Methadone maintenance: a review and critique.

Summary The problem of heroin addiction and rehabilitation has caused considerable alarm in the past few years. The number of heroin addicts alone in the United States has been estimated at 300,000 (“The Heroin Plague: What Can Be Done”, 1971, p. 27). Methadone maintenance is one approach to this problem of treating the addict so that he can become a productive member of society. It is being used in such cities as New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburg, Chicago, Mew Orleans, Portland, San Francisco, and Racine. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of methadone maintenance by examining topics such as the program's background, the rationale behind the program, legal aspects of methadone maintenance, results, advantages, disadvantages, and criticisms of the program.
Some recent developments in deterministic global optimization

During the last four decades there has been a remarkable development in global optimization. Due to its wide variety of applications, many scientists and researchers have paid attention to global optimization. A huge number of new theoretical, algorithmic and computational results have been observed. Global Optimization plays a central role in many sciences including economics, engineering, physics, computer science and so on. However, global optimization problems are quite difficult to solve, as they are usually NP-hard. In this paper, we present a survey of the theory and deterministic methods for global optimization problems.
Partitions into unequal parts satisfying certain congruence conditions

Abstract Let p be an odd prime and let R be a set of least positive residues modulo p such that p is a member of R and such that if d belongs to R, then so does p−d. Using the Hardy-Ramanujan-Rademacher circle dissection method a convergent series representation and asymptotic formulae are obtained for the number of partitions of a positive integer into distinct summands, each of which is congruent modulo p to an element of R.
Design of an underwater glider for education and research

The last decade has established the underwater glider as an important platform for oceanographic research. To further the capabilities of glider research three Florida Institute of Technology students have been actively designing a glider that is considerable cheaper than commercial gliders. This vehicle introduces external wing control surfaces for steering and a mechanical buoyancy engine. The aim of the work in progress is to develop a fully functional underwater glider as a platform for oceanographic research and design of underwater navigation and control algorithms. This goal is to be reached through a complete redesign and unification of the previous control components of both systems and the implementation of device driver libraries. Mechanical components such as the buoyancy engine have been reviewed and field tested off the Atlantic coast of Florida during the summer of 2012. Designed for a maximum depth of 100m the glider's payload bays will enable the usage of various instruments in the coastal shelf region. The low weight (less than 25 kg) and small size (2m in length) allows deployments from small boats. GPS navigation, radio frequency and satellite communication (when surfaced) will make the glider an excellent vehicle for student research. Completion is expected for December 2012.
In Vivo Characterization of the Proteasome Regulator PA28

Abstract A proteasome regulator, termed PA28, has been shown to modulate peptidase activities of the proteasomes in vitro. Two different but homologous PA28 molecules, designated as PA28α and PA28β, have been cloned. Both α and β polypeptides of PA28 are found in PA28 complexes isolated from cells, indicating that both are constituents of functional PA28 complexes. Using antisera specific to PA28α, PA28β, and epitope-tagged PA28 molecules, we show that expression of PA28α and PA28β is coordinately induced by various cytokines in different cell lines and that PA28 subunits and proteasomes have almost identical half-lives. In addition, we show that PA28 complexes are associated with 20 S but not 26 S proteasomes in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrate that PA28 complex is a heterohexamer composed of both α and β subunits with a stoichiometry of α3β3 in an alternating order.
Dielectric properties of polystyrene and some polychlorostyrenes from 4°K to room temperature

Dielectric measurements of carefully purified specimens of polystyrene and poly(2,3,4 or 3,4-chlorostyrene) have been obtained at audio frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 20 kHz and at temperatures between 4 and 300°K. Each of the samples exhibits a dielectric loss maximum in the range 15–50°K. The temperature of the maximum loss decreases with the addition of a substituent which lowers the symmetry of the pendant phenyl group. The results are explained by a model which invokes a coupling mechanism between two distinct modes of side group motions. This same model also explains some results of previously reported measurements of mechanical losses in similar polymers.
The Development of an Austenitic Stainless Steel Bearing with High Corrosion Resistance and High Nonmagnetic Property

Apparatus of the type used in liquid crystal and semiconductor production facilities, medical inspection facilities, and linear motor cars utilize a magnetic field. When operated, either driven or rotated, they may experience a disturbance of the ambient magnetic field. This is more likely to occur if the driven or rotating portion of the apparatus is formed from a magnetic material. In recent years, bearings use in apparatus utilizing a magnetic field were made in precipitation hardening stainless steels such as Mn-Cr-V series or Mn-Cr-Ni-V series. Although these steels have excellent corrosion resistance, compared to martensitic stainless steels like AISI 440C, it is still not sufficient. In addition, the typical hardness of a precipitation hardening stainless steel used for bearings is about 446 HV. The low hardness of the steel means that the durability of the bearing is often unsatisfactory. Therefore, work was undertaken to develop a bearing steel with improved properties. In addition, to having improved corrosion resistance and durability, the steel must also have a very low magnetic permeability. This led to the development of a carburized AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel. The carburizing was carried out at 500°C to produce a surface layer with a hardness around 800∼1000 HV, while retaining the excellent corrosion resistance and low magnetic permeability associated with this type of steel. Tests carried out have shown that despite the thinness of the hardened layer and low core hardness, in certain applications bearings made in carburized AISI 316L exhibited excellent durability together with low friction characteristics.
Non-Archimedean analytic curves in Abelian varieties

One of the main subtleties of non-Archimedean analysis is that the natural topology that one puts on non-Archimedean analytic spaces is totally disconnected, meaning that there is a base for the topology consisting of sets which are both open and closed. This makes it difficult, for instance, to define a good notion of analytic function so that one has analytic continuation properties. Of course one can make a sensible definition for what one means by an analytic function, and one of the more successful approaches has been the notion of a "rigid analytic function". This approach was started by Tate in [Ta], and a systematic introduction to rigid analysis is given in [BGR]. However, rigid analysis is very different from classical analysis in the sense that essentially none of the topological techniques which are commonplace in classical analysis can be used in rigid analysis. Recently, Berkovich, in [Ber], has come up with a new notion of non-Archimedean analytic spaces which have nice topological properties. For instance, Berkovich's spaces are locally arc-connected, locally compact, Hausdorff spaces. Using Berkovich's theory, one is able to add such topological techniques as covering spaces and map liftings to the study of nonArchimedean analysis. In his book, Berkovich proves the following theorem with the aid of the topological techniques his new theory encourages.
Using Mothers versus Trained Observers in Assessing Children's Secure Base Behavior: Theoretical and Methodological Considerations

The Attachment Q-Set (AQS) has emerged as a psychometrically sound method for assessing young children's secure base behavior in the home. However, considerable disagreement exists about whether mothers versus trained observers should be used as AQS sorters. The present study examined associations between mothers' and trained observers' AQS sorts for preschoolers, and assessed mother-observer concordance in relation to observers' confidence about how representative the behavioral samples they witnessed were of the domain of AQS items. Mothers with careful training and supervision on the AQS system completed AQS sorts with regard to their children's current behavior, and the same children were assessed with the AQS during a 2-3 hour visit 1-2 weeks later by trained, "blind" observers. Trained observers provided a confidence rating regarding the degree to which the samples of behavior observed were representative of the universe of AQS items. Mothers' and observers' sorts were significantly intercorrelated; however, observer sorts converged with mother sorts as observers' confidence ratings increased. Results are discussed in relation to circumstances that affect mother-observer reliability with the AQS and to factors that should be weighed when considering whether to use mothers versus trained observers as sorters.