cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
African Socialism and the Rise and Rise of Conservative Nationalism

African Socialism and the Rise of Conservative Nationalism. This chapter provides a detailed analysis of African Socialism and why Kenyatta chose to endorse it and make it the “guiding light” of his government. Kenyatta’s government’s argument that in fact capitalism (endorsed by African Socialism) was an African ideology, indigenous, and therefore legitimate. On the other hand, Communism (socialism) was alien, strange, anti-African and hence dangerous. Those who endorsed it were not only dangerous but stooges of foreign powers and ideologies. Western responses to African Socialism; estimations by these intelligence services on the impact of African Socialism on their imperial interests in Kenya (and Africa) are considered. This chapter also deals with the final ideological struggles in Kenya; local critiques of African Socialism (including one by Barak Obama, the father of President Obama); the break-up of the ruling party and the formation of the KPU (a radical political party) by Oginga Odinga and then the all-out campaign for its demise launched by Kenyatta and actively supported by the British intelligence services and the CIA. The rise of political rivalries within the Conservative camp, political assassinations and the eventual eradication of all political opposition; consolidation of conservative nationalism endorsed by the West; the reality of “imperial presidency” also feature in the discussion.
Preface: Digital Business Outcomes

The Global world is transforming at an unprecedented speed offering unique opportunities to new market players yet representing sometimes unique challenges to established companies. Whilst many aspects of a typical company operations have been digitized over the past decades, we are currently experiencing true Digital disruption in every industry.
Early response is predictive of outcome in intensive behavioral treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder

Abstract Recent evidence indicates that CBT delivered in the context of intensive residential treatment (IRT) is an effective approach for severe OCD cases. However, no study has evaluated the extent to which process variables, such as early improvements, may be related to outcome. This paper describes a study that evaluates a sample of 98 patients with severe OCD who underwent IRT. Patients completed the Y-BOCS, a self-report measure, both at admission and discharge. Reliable clinical change in the first two weeks of residential treatment in relation to the improvement shown for the remainder of the patient's stay denoted an ‘early improver.’ We found 36 early improvers, and these patients experienced greater overall symptom reduction compared to patients who did not experience early improvement. With an area under the curve of .817, ROC analysis revealed that early response score was a reasonable metric in predicting significant reduction in OC symptoms during IRT. Coordinate of the curve analysis revealed that an early response cut-off point of 4.5 was sensitive and specific to treatment responders at 75% accuracy, meaning that a two-week post-admission decrease of 4.5 on the Y-BOCS was particularly predictive of response status at discharge. These findings and the future implications are discussed.
Abstract P189: Factors Associated With Stenosis on Invasive Coronary Angiography for Persons Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLWH): The HIV Electronic Comprehensive Cohort of CVD Complications (HIVE-4CVD)

Background: Persons living with HIV (PLWH) have greater risks for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) than uninfected persons. However, data are sparse regarding HIV-specific factors ass...
Descriptive sensory analysis of marinated and non-marinated wooden breast fillet portions.

ABSTRACT The wooden breast (WB) myopathy influences muscle composition and texture characteristics in broiler breast meat. It is unknown if marination reduces the negative influence of WB on meat sensory quality or if WB effects are uniform throughout the Pectoralis major. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of marination on the sensory attributes and instrumental shear force measurements of the ventral (skin-side) and dorsal (bone-side) portions of normal and severe WB meat. Sixty butterfly fillets (30 normal and 30 severe WB) were selected from the deboning line of a commercial processing plant. Individual fillets were portioned into ventral and dorsal halves. Portions from one side of each butterfly were used as non-marinated controls, and portions from the other side were vacuum-tumble marinated (16 rpm, −0.6 atm, 4°C, 20 min) with 20% (wt/wt) marinade to meat ratio. Marinade was formulated to target a concentration of 0.75% (w/v) salt and 0.45% (w/v) sodium tripolyphosphate in the final product. Descriptive sensory analysis (9 trained panelists) was conducted to evaluate visual, texture, and flavor attributes (0–15 point scale) of breast portions along with Warner-Bratzler shear force. Significant interaction effects between WB and marination were not observed for the sensory attributes. Greater springiness, cohesiveness, hardness, fibrousness, and chewiness scores were observed in WB samples (P
Electroneuroprostheses: Usefulness in Rehabilitation

Although the biomedical engineer is considered a new breed of scientist, physicians and engineers have worked together for many years. Certain malfunctions of the human body lend them-selves well to engineering analysis. Physiological functions, such as the pumping action of the heart circulating the blood, have obvious counterparts in engineering. It is at this interface that the cardiovascular surgeon and the engineer have made many recent advances.
A partially observed inventory problem

I. INTRODUCTI ON There has been a great deal of research on impulse control of processes with complete observations of their past, for instance as in [i][2][3315][6][9][i0]. Impulse control of processes based on partial information about their past has been much less widely considered. The objective of this paper is to approach this area through consideration of a particular example which can be treated by relatively elementary means. The example is a particular partially observed inventory problem. The problem has special structure in that the measured process has a finite nu~er of states, and that by restricting the class of controls a renewal structure can be exploited. However, it is felt that a number of problems will have similar structure and could be treated in an analogous manner. The method used is to proceed analogously to discrete time dynamic proKran~ning by conditioning with respect to the past measurements up to the renewal times. Through this conditioning a deterministic problem which characterizes the stochastic problem is obtained.
Novel Therapeutic Modalities for Hepatic Diseases

Exciting novel therapeutic modalities to treat inherited and acquired hepatic diseases have been introduced and investigated during the last decade. The fundamental concepts as well as research data from animal studies and early clinical trials in hepatic gene therapy, hepatic drug targeting, hepatocellular transplantation, and the use of extracorporeal liver assist devices are reviewed. The delivery of transgenes to hepatocytes is achieved with different vector systems and gene transfer strategies. In vitro and in vivo results for monogenetic metabolic disorders, hepatocellular carcinoma, and viral hepatitis are promising. However, daunting problems remain before routine clinical application can be established. Chimeraplasty, a new gene repair strategy, is an interesting alternative to gene augmentation. Hepatic drug targeting is based on vehicles, especially liposomes, with a high affinity to liver cells, and liposome formulation and structure can be modulated to improve targeting ability. The potential of hepatocellular transplantation is to support or replace liver function in acute and chronic hepatic failure, and to assist hepatic function in patients with congenital enzyme deficiencies. Experience with porcine hepatocytes and human cell lines in extracorporeal liver support devices is encouraging, and already some patients have successfully been bridged to whole-organ transplantation. Further effort is needed to improve the novel treatment strategies. In particular, biosafety and efficacy must be stressed before large clinical trials are considered.
Investigating the relationship between noise transfer inside the x-ray framing cameras and their imaging ability

We apply a cascaded linear model analysis to a micro-channel plate x-ray framing camera. We establish a theoretical expression of the Noise Power Spectrum (NPS) at the detector's output and assess its accuracy by comparing it to the NPS of Monte Carlo simulations of the detector's response to a uniform illumination. We also demonstrate that fitting the NPS of experimental data against a parametric model based on this expression can yield valuable information on the imaging ability of framing cameras, offering an alternative approach to the usual method employed to measure their modulation transfer functions.
Cell Volume Controls Protein Stability and Compactness of the Unfolded State

Macromolecular crowding is widely accepted as one of the factors that can alter protein stability, structure, and function inside cells. Less often considered is that crowding can be dynamic: as cell volume changes, either as a result of external duress or in the course of the cell cycle, water moves in or out through membrane channels, and crowding changes in tune. Both theory and in vitro experiments predict that protein stability will be altered as a result of crowding changes. However, it is unclear how much the structural ensemble is altered as crowding changes in the cell. To test this, we look at the response of a FRET-labeled kinase to osmotically induced volume changes in live cells. We examine both the folded and unfolded states of the kinase by changing the temperature of the media surrounding the cell. Our data reveals that crowding compacts the structure of its unfolded ensemble but stabilizes the folded protein. We propose that the structure of proteins lacking a rigid, well-defined tertiary...
Application of Heat Pipes to Fissionable Nuclear Reactor

Heat pipes are often proposed as cooling system components for small fission reactors. Heat transport in heat pipe reactors is complex and highly system dependent. Nevertheless, in general terms it relies on heat flowing from the fuel pins through the heat pipe, to the heat exchanger, and then ultimately into the power conversion system and heat sink. Heat pipes have been used in reactors to cool components within radiation tests; however, no reactor has been built or tested that uses heat pipes solely as the primary cooling system. Heat pipe cooled reactors will likely require the development of a test reactor to determine the main differences in operational behavior from forced cooled reactors.
Solution of Axisymmetric Inhomogeneous Problems with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo

With increasing complexity of EM problems, 1D and 2D axisymmetric approximations in p, z plane are sometimes necessary to quickly solve difficult symmetric problems using limited data storage and within shortest possible time. Inhomogeneous EM problems frequently occur in cases where two or more dielectric media, separated by an interface, exist and could pose challenges in complex EM problems. Simple, fast and efficient numerical techniques are constantly desired. This paper presents the application of simple and efficient Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) to EM inhomogeneous axisymmetric Laplace’s equations. Two cases are considered based on constant and mixed boundary potentials and MCMC solutions are found to be in close agreement with the finite difference solutions.
When all else fails: the ethics of resistance to state injustice

Jason Brennan’s new book follows in the footsteps of his 2016 book Against Democracy in that it is refreshingly (if sometimes exaggeratedly) iconoclastic and is both relentlessly and thoughtfully a...
TCT-527 Site-Level Variation and Predictors of Post-TAVR Permanent Pacemaker Implantation in the Evolut Low Risk Trial

There have been continued reports of double-digit permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) rates after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with Medtronic self-expanding supra-annular bioprostheses. Numerous factors have been linked to the need for PPI post-TAVR, including clinical, anatomic
Adversarial domain adaptation for multi-device retinal OCT segmentation

Deep networks provide excellent image segmentation results given copious amounts of supervised training data (source data). However, when a trained network is applied to data acquired at a different clinical center or on a different imaging device (target data), a significant drop in performance can occur due to the domain shift between the test data and the network training data. To solve this problem, unsupervised domain adaptation methods retrain the model with labeled source data and unlabeled target data. In real practice, retraining the model is time consuming and the labeled source data may not be available for people deploying the model. In this paper, we propose a straightforward unsupervised domain adaptation method for multi-device retinal OCT image segmentation which does not require labeled source data and does not require retraining of the segmentation model. The segmentation network is trained with labeled Spectralis images and tested on Cirrus images. The core idea is to use a domain adaptor to convert target domain images (Cirrus) to a domain that can be segmented well by the already trained segmentation network. Unlabeled Spectralis and Cirrus images are used to train this domain adaptor. The domain adaptation block is used before the trained network and a discriminator is used to differentiate the segmentation results from Spectralis and Cirrus. The domain adaptation portion of our network is fully unsupervised and does not change the previously trained segmentation network.
“What do we wanna be?” Black radical imagination and the ends of the world

Building off the work of Frantz Fanon, this essay calls for a Fanonian approach to communication studies. What a Fanonian approach provides is a twofold critique of the potentiality of mutual recog...
Environmental Costs of the Jones Act

An often overlooked aspect of the Jones Act is its environmental effects. By raising the cost of waterborne transportation, the law encourages the use of alternative forms of transport such as trucks and rail. These alternative means of moving goods generate more greenhouse gases and emit pollutants that are in many ways more harmful than those emitted by waterborne transport. Moreover, the Jones Act encourages the use of older, less‐​efficient vessels. Thus, the Jones Act contributes to an environment that is more despoiled than would otherwise be the case in the law’s absence. This paper presents a detailed examination of the potential environmental gains that could be realized from reform or repeal of the law. It estimates that the environmental benefits accruing from the law’s repeal, through expanded use of waterborne transport as well as newer, more efficient vessels, would exceed $8 billion per year. Such gains are rarely estimated, if they are even considered. To mitigate the adverse effects that transportation has on the environment, policymakers should acknowledge that the Jones Act encourages businesses to use less environmentally friendly forms of transport. Repeal of the Jones Act—or even a more limited set of reforms—would both promote economic growth and a cleaner environment.
Courting Democracy in Mexico: Mexico's Local Electoral Justice Failures: Gubernatorial (S)Election Beyond the Shadows of the Law

Contracts … have a major drawback: the transaction costs of arranging and enforcing them. Because of these costs, members of a group may find it more welfare maximizing to honor the default rules that third parties have set. Legal theorist Robert C. Ellickson Among the most important discretionary powers of the president has been the naming and removal of governors, the president's premier agents in their respective states. The relationship between the president and the governors has been a peculiar one, defying the system of electoral justice successfully imposed at the federal level and routinely violating the federal pact. This chapter details the president's “hiring” and “firing” of the governors, and the governors' “hiring” and “firing” of the mayors, throughout the twentieth century, demonstrating the strong and arbitrary tradition of presidential imposition (whether “papered over” by elections or not), which was only recently cast aside by President Vicente Fox for a new standard of more gentle executive-branch intervention. I argue through discussion of the aggregate cases of presidential appointment and dismissal, as well as through three case studies from the early 1990s, that if the federal electoral courts discussed in the last chapter offered electoral justice success stories, gubernatorial races epitomized institutional failure during the crucial decades of Mexico's protracted transition. Given this broad pre-2000 range in outcomes of the institutions of electoral justice (ranging from institutional accountability at the federal level to widespread failure at the gubernatorial level), I argue that mayoral races occupy the middle of this spectrum between successful and failed electoral justice outcomes.
Ultrasound-guided sternoclavicular joint injection: technique and case series

Sternoclavicular joint pathology can be an uncommon cause of pain and discomfort around the neck and shoulder region. Typically, patients localize their pain deep to the joint and experience referred pain to the ipsilateral neck and shoulder; however, it often presents as a diffuse nonspecific pain. Given the paucity of this pathology and atypical presentation, the use of injections can be helpful to confirm the diagnosis of sternoclavicular arthropathy. Currently, most injections are done via computed tomography. Although this method is accurate, it exposes patients to radiation and burdens the patient with the requirement of multiple appointments. This case series outlines the use of ultrasound-guided sternoclavicular joint injections conducted in the clinic. The patients in this series underwent an ultrasound-guided injection in the affected sternoclavicular joint, which confirmed the diagnosis, and they were subsequently treated with resection arthroplasty. The use of ultrasound-guided injections of the sternoclavicular joint is a safe and accurate alternative diagnostic method, which saves the patient from harmful radiation and additional appointments. Limitations and efficacy may vary depending on skill and comfort level of the operator.
Advancing Estimation of Hepatobiliary Clearances in Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models of Rosuvastatin Using Human Hepatic Concentrations.

PURPOSE To estimate hepatobiliary clearances of rosuvastatin via simultaneously fitting to reported human positron emission tomography (PET) data in the liver and gallbladder. METHODS A hepatobiliary model incorporating five intrinsic hepatobiliary clearances (active uptake clearance at the sinusoidal membrane, efflux clearance by passive diffusion through the sinusoidal membrane, influx clearance by passive diffusion through sinusoidal membrane, clearance of biliary excretion at the canalicular membrane, and intercompartment clearance from the intrahepatic bile duct to the gallbladder) and three compartments (liver, intrahepatic bile duct, and gallbladder) was developed to simultaneously fit rosuvastatin liver and gallbladder data from a representative subject reported by Billington et al. (1). Two liver blood supply input functions, arterial input function and dual input function (using peripheral venous as an alternative to portal vein), were assessed. Additionally, the predictive performance between the established model and four reported models trained with only systemic exposure data, was evaluated by comparing simulated liver and gallbladder profiles with observations. RESULTS The established hepatobiliary model well captured the kinetic profiles of rosuvastatin in the liver and gallbladder during the PET scans. Application of dual input function led to a marked underestimation of liver concentrations at the initial stage after i.v. dosing which cannot be offset by altering model parameter values. The simulated hepatobiliary profiles from three of the reported models demonstrated substantial deviation from the observed data. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights the necessity of using hepatobiliary data to verify and improve the predictive performance of hepatic disposition of rosuvastatin.
An improved electrical impedance myography (EIM) tongue array for use in clinical trials

Abstract Objectives Electrical impedance myography (EIM) measurements of the tongue could provide valuable information about bulbar dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A prototype tongue depressor EIM array produced gag reflexes. The objectives of this study were to determine the reliability, mean phase values, and tolerability of tongue EIM measurements using a smaller electrode array. Methods Tongue EIM measurements were performed in a total of 31 healthy individuals and four neuromuscular patients with lingual abnormalities. Reliability was assessed by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and percent difference in addition to performing Bland–Altman analyses. Standard descriptive statistics, including results of a Mann–Whitney test, were also determined. Results At the 50kHz frequency, the ICCs for intra- and inter-rater reliability were 0.76 with 5.17% difference and 0.78 with 5.34% difference respectively. The mean EIM phase values of healthy participants (11.61°±1.00°) and patients (9.87°±1.28°) were significantly different ( p =0.0051). None of the participants experienced gag reflexes or discomfort. Conclusions The small tongue array provided good inter- and intra-rater reliability, could preliminarily distinguish between healthy and diseased muscle, and was well-tolerated. Significance Biomarker information about tongue health could be more comfortably obtained with a smaller EIM array.
From Reactive to Endogenously Active Dynamical Conceptions of the Brain

We contrast reactive and endogenously active perspectives on brain activity. Both have been pursued continuously in neurophysiology laboratories since the early 20th-century, but the endogenous perspective has received relatively little attention until recently. One of the many successes of the reactive perspective was the identification, in the second half of the 20th century, of the distinctive contributions of different brain regions involved in visual processing. The recent prominence of the endogenous perspective is due to new findings of ongoing oscillatory activity in the brain at a wide range of time scales, exploiting such techniques as single-cell recording, EEG, and fMRI. We recount some of the evidence pointing to ways in which this endogenous activity is relevant to cognition and behavior. Our major objective is to consider certain implications of the contrast between the reactive and endogenous perspectives. In particular, we relate these perspectives to two different characterizations of explanation in the new mechanistic philosophy of science. In a basic mechanistic explanation, the operations of a mechanism are characterized qualitatively and as functioning sequentially until a terminating condition is realized. In contrast, a dynamic mechanistic explanation allows for non-sequential organization and emphasizes quantitative modeling of the mechanisms’s behavior. For example, with appropriate parameter values a set of differential equations can be used to demonstrate ongoing oscillations in a system organized with feedback loops. We conclude that the basic conception of mechanistic explanation is adequate for reactive accounts of brain activity, but dynamical accounts are required to explain sustained, endogenous activity.
Genetic and Developmental Factors as Related to Stress in Schizophrenia

One of the strongest factors predicting the occurrence of schizophrenia and its course is genetic inheritance. Yet, clinically, this factor accounts for only 14–16% (22, 53) of the schizophrenic cases. On the other hand, environmentalists, supported by family research, claim that deviant family interaction can explain and predict the gamut of schizophrenic reactions. This chapter reviews each hypothesis in terms of the merits it holds for prediction of schizophrenia.
Managing heterogeneous distributed computing systems: using information repositories

An integral part of managing heterogeneous distributed computing systems is an information repository. The ultimate goal of our research is to specify a methodology for the design, analysis, and comparison of information repositories for such systems. We first outline the general characteristics of data repositories, including requirements and data model features. Then we build an experimental prototype system to test two candidate repositories: X.500 and AFS (Andrew File System). Performance and scalability measurements are collected, analyzed, and compared for the two platforms; and some preliminary conclusions are reached.
A simple assay for ecto-5′-nucleotidase using intact pulmonary artery endothelial cells: Effect of endotoxin-induced cell injury

Abstract Adenosine may be protective in acute vascular injury by inhibiting platelet aggregation and neutrophil oxidant release. In contrast, adenine nucleotides, which may be released with acute vascular injury, stimulate platelet aggregation and neutrophil oxidant release. Ectonucleotidases, membrane enzymes that catabolize extracellular nucleotides, are the primary mechanism for degrading circulating nucleotides to adenosine. Ecto-5′-nucleotidase converts extracellular AMP to adenosine. We hypothesized that endothelial cell injury alters ecto-5′-nucleotidase activity. Using a novel assay first reported by Jamal et al. ( Biochem J 250 : 369–373, 1988) with rat adipocytes, we studied the properties of ecto-5′-nucleotidase in intact monolayers of cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAEC) and examined the effect of endotoxin on enzyme activity. The assay uses a fluorescent analog of AMP, 1, N 6 -etheno-AMP (E-AMP), as the substrate for ecto-5′-nucleotidase, and measures ethenoadenosine (E-Ado) formation. Etheno-AMP in Hepes buffer, pH7.4, at 22°, was added to confluent monolayers of BPAEC; samples of supernatant were collected after various intervals, and E-AMP and E-Ado were quantitated by HPLC. Using these methods we found a K m of 15 ± 6 μ M, a pH optimum of 7.48, minimal effect of MgCl 2 or CaCl 2 at physiologic pH, and inhibition by α,β-methylene ADP, a known 5′-nucleotidase inhibitor. We established that the monolayer assay was indeed measuring cell surface associated 5′-nucleotidase. To determine the effect of endotoxin, we incubated confluent monolayers with endotoxin in Minimal Essential Medium plus 10% fetal bovine serum for 24 hr, washed them, and assessed the conversion of E-AMP to E-Ado by the endotoxin-injured cells. Endotoxin stimulated endothelial ecto-5′-nucleotidase activity. This increase in 5′-nucleotidase activity in response to endotoxin injury may represent an important clearance mechanism for circulating adenine nucleotides and may be protective in acute vascular injury by increasing adenosine production.
Does Radical Partisan Politics Affect National Income Distributions? Congressional Polarization and Income Inequality in the United States, 1913–2008*

Objective Recent research indicates that political polarization in Congress and income inequality share a closely linked positive association. But virtually no studies examine the direction of influence between these variables as it is assumed that income inequality causes political polarization. The major purpose of this investigation is to examine the temporal causal ordering of these variables. Methods. This study constructs a time series national-level data set with information for the years 1913 to 2008. Vector autoregression and granger causality tests are utilized to explore the temporal causal ordering of congressional polarization and the income share of the top 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 percent of earners in the United States. Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity regressions are also employed to assess the strength of the association between congressional polarization and top incomes net of relevant control variables. Results. The findings indicate that the past values of congressional polarization are better predictors of top income shares than vice versa. The results also demonstrate that polarization in the House of Representatives produces a more consistent and robust connection with top incomes than polarization in the Senate. Lastly, congressional polarization only produces robust associations with the income share of the top 0.1 and 1.0 percent of earners but not for the top 5.0 and 10.0 percent. Conclusion. While the Senate possesses more powerful negative agenda control procedures to stifle the legislative processes vis-a-vis the House, it is polarization in the latter that returns the more robust associations with income inequality.
Dynamics of field-aligned current sources at earth and Jupiter

This paper examines several mechanisms for generation of field-aligned currents in the magnetospheres of earth and Jupiter. Implications for planetary radio emission in relation to field-aligned current systems are discussed.
THERMAL NEUTRON SPECTRA IN GRAPHITE

A pulsed, high-current, electron linear accelerator is used to excite thermal-neutron spectra in a graphite assembly. The steady-state energy spectra of neutrons are measured at several temperature...
Use of the Holifield facility 25-MV tandem accelerator in the Oak Ridge radioactive ion beam project

The absence of time structure and the excellent beam and beam transport properties of tandem electrostatic accelerators make them an attractive choice for the acceleration of a large class of radioactive ion species produced with the ISOL technique. In this paper, considerations on the use of the Holifield facility 25-MV tandem accelerator in the ORNL Radioactive Ion Beam Facility now under construction will be presented. Preliminary beam parameter measurements which suggest that the 25-MV tandem accelerator can be used as an effective separator of isobaric contaminant beams will also be presented and discussed. >
Physaliphorous cells in chordoma.

69-year-old woman with progressive lower back pain was found to have a presacral mass. Lumbar computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 12 3 10 3 9-cm, expansile, well-demarcated, multilobulated mass with hemorrhagic and osteolytic changes. The mass involved the sacrum, infiltrated the sacral foramina, obscured sacral nerve roots, extended into the pelvis, and displaced the uterus and rectum. Computed tomography‐guided fine-needle aspiration of the lesion was performed. On smears prepared with either DiffQuik or Papanicolaou stains, clusters of large intracytoplasmic, bubbled cells in a background of myxoid stroma were evident; these cells were appreciated better with Diff-Quik stain, as shown in Figures 1 (Diff-Quik, original magnification 320) and 2 (Diff-Quik, original magnification 3100). Immunostains on cell block sections were positive for S100, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, and epithelial membrane antigen. A diagnosis of chordoma was made, which was later confirmed through histologic analysis of the resected tumor tissue. Chordoma is a rare malignant tumor derived from embryonic notochordal remnants, in any part of the axial
Thirty-Five Day Impella 5.0 Support via Right Axillary Side Graft Cannulation for Acute Cardiogenic Shock:

We describe the use of an Impella 5.0 for mechanical support in acute cardiogenic shock after an acute myocardial infarction. A 61-year-old man with a history of severe coronary artery disease who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with ischemic cardiomyopathy presented with cardiogenic shock after an ST-elevation myocardial infarction. An Impella Recover LP 5.0 (Abiomed, Danvers, MA USA) was inserted via a right axillary side graft, using transesophageal echocardiographic and fluoroscopic guidance. The patient remained in the intensive care unit, where he required a tracheostomy to be weaned off the ventilator. He required renal replacement therapy with subsequent complete recovery. His Impella support was weaned, and on postoperative day 35, the device was removed. The patient developed axillary thrombosis the morning after removal, requiring thrombectomy. Discharge echocardiogram showed mild left ventricular enlargement with global hypokinesis and left ventricular ejection fraction of 25%. The Impella 5.0 device can safely and effectively be used in the long-term support of cardiogenic shock.
The origin of Mo2C precipitate morphology in molybdenum

A detailed electron metallographic analysis is conducted on the morphology and interface structure of Mo2C precipitates in a quenched and aged MoC alloy. The precipitates are found to be plate-shaped and to lie on{301} matrix planes. The approximate Burgers orientation relationship,(0001) ‖ (110), [1210] ‖ [111], is confirmed. Characteristic striations along 〈113〉 matrix directions in the interface are analyzed as slip traces of shear loops on the basal plane. The overall features of the precipitate morphology are explained in terms of a model based on the invariant line concept. The invariant plane strain condition of a planar interface is met by the periodic nucleation of shear loops to relieve the developing stresses. An observed small misorientation between the close-packed planes is a consequence of the restraints imposed on the precipitate by the surrounding matrix. Good agreement is also found between the model and independent observations on other refractory metal interstitial alloy systems. Eine elektronenmikroskopische Analyse der Morphologie und der Grenzflachenstruktur von Mo2C-Ausscheidungen in einer abgeschreckten und gealterten MoC-Legierung wird ausgefuhrt. Die Ausscheidungen sind plattenformig und liegen auf {301}-Ebenen der Matrix. Die naherungsweise Burgersbeziehung, (0001) ‖ (110), [1210] ‖ [111], wird bestatigt. Charakteristische Streifen in 〈113〉-Matrixrichtungen in der Grenzflache werden als Gleitstufen von Scher-Versetzungsringen auf der Basisebene analysiert. Die gesamte Ausscheidungsmorphologie wird anhand eines Modells erklart, das auf dem Konzept der invarianten Linie beruht. Die Bedingung einer invarianten ebenen Verzerrung fur eine ebene Grenzflache wird durch periodische Bildung von Scher-Versetzungsringen erfullt, um die sich entwickelnden Spannungen abzubauen. Eine beobachtete kleine Misorientierung zwischen den dicht gepackten Ebenen resultiert aus der Begrenzung durch die umgebende Matrix. Gute Ubereinstimmung besteht auch zwischen dem Modell und unabhangigen Beobachtungen an anderen interstitiellen Legierungen hochschmelzender Metalle.
In Vivo Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Optical Probes in Small Animals

Time domain optical molecular imaging has enabled in vivo fluorescence lifetime measurements for the discrimination of near infrared probes in small animals. Results from a commercially available system and a full-field prototype will be presented.
LINKING RESEARCH AND TEACHING: TWO DESIGN COURSES ORCHESTRATED AROUND A ROTARY DIESEL ENGINE PATENT

It is well known and widely accepted that the integration of research and teaching in a problem-based setting helps to foster deep learning among students. In this paper, we describe how a patent of a rotary diesel engine, that had failed to work in practice, was used to link undergraduate research and teaching activities by orchestrating two design courses around this patent. Learning outcomes, course goals, content as well as assignments and projects were defined based on constructive alignment. Students’ performance was assessed using so-called assessment rubrics based on Bloom’s taxonomy, which were specifically developed for both courses. After introducing the educational framework for this approach to enhancing student learning, we explain how both courses were designed and delivered in order to meet the higher level educational outcomes envisaged. The paper closes with an overview of both our experiences and those of our students.
Fast-sum method for the elastic field of three-dimensional dislocation ensembles

The elastic field of complex shape ensembles of dislocation loops is developed as an essential ingredient in the dislocation dynamics method for computer simulation of mesoscopic plastic deformation. Dislocation ensembles are sorted into individual loops, which are then divided into segments represented as parametrized space curves. Numerical solutions are presented as fast numerical sums for relevant elastic field variables (i.e., displacement, strain, stress, force, self-energy, and interaction energy). Gaussian numerical quadratures are utilized to solve for field equations of linear elasticity in an infinite isotropic elastic medium. The accuracy of the method is verified by comparison of numerical results to analytical solutions for typical prismatic and slip dislocation loops. The method is shown to be highly accurate, computationally efficient, and numerically convergent as the number of segments and quadrature points are increased on each loop. Several examples of method applications to calculations of the elastic field of simple and complex loop geometries are given in infinite crystals. The effect of crystal surfaces on the redistribution of the elastic field is demonstrated by superposition of a finite-element {ital image force} field on the computed results. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
Acceptability envelope for metal hydride-based hydrogen storage systems

The design and evaluation of media based hydrogen storage systems requires the use of detailed numerical models and experimental studies, with significant amount of time and monetary investment. Thus a scoping tool, referred to as the Acceptability Envelope, was developed to screen preliminary candidate media and storage vessel designs, identifying the range of chemical, physical and geometrical parameters for the coupled media and storage vessel system that allow it to meet performance targets. The model which underpins the analysis allows simplifying the storage system, thus resulting in one input-one output scheme, by grouping of selected quantities. Two cases have been analyzed and results are presented here. In the first application the DOE technical targets (Year 2010, Year 2015 and Ultimate) are used to determine the range of parameters required for the metal hydride media and storage vessel. In the second case the most promising metal hydrides available are compared, highlighting the potential of storage systems, utilizing them, to achieve 40% of the 2010 DOE technical target. Results show that systems based on Li-Mg media have the best potential to attain these performance targets.
Factorization at low x.

We study hard processes in hadron-hadron scattering when one momentum fraction x-italic is much smaller than the other. New theoretical features involving noncanceling soft gluons are identified, but factorization is shown to be preserved in the cases considered.
Near-infrared spectra of the leading and trailing hemispheres of Enceladus

Abstract We present individual spectra 0.8–2.5 μm of the leading and trailing hemispheres of Enceladus obtained with the CorMASS spectrograph on the 1.8 m Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope (VATT) at the Mount Graham International Observatory. While the absorption bands of water ice dominate the spectrum of both hemispheres, most of these bands are stronger on the leading hemisphere than the trailing hemisphere. In addition, longward of 1 μm, the continuum slope is greater on the leading hemisphere than the trailing hemisphere. These differences could be produced by the presence of particles on the trailing side that are smaller and/or microstructurally more complex than those on the leading side, consistent with the preferential erosion or structural degradation of regolith particle grains on the trailing side by magnetospheric sweeping. We also explore compositional differences between the two hemispheres by applying Hapke spectrophotometric mixture models to the spectra whose components include water ice and ammonia hydrate (1% NH3⋅H2O). We find that spectral models which include as much as 25% by weight ammonia hydrate intimately mixed with water ice and covering 80% of the illuminated area of the satellite fit the observed spectrum of both the leading and trailing hemispheres. Areal (checkerboard) mixing models of ammonia hydrate and water ice fit the leading hemisphere with 15% of the surface comprised of ammonia hydrate and the trailing hemisphere with 10% ammonia hydrate. Therefore, while these spectral data do not contain an unambiguous detection of ammonia hydrate on Enceladus, our spectral models do not preclude the presence of a modest amount of 1% NH3⋅H2O on both hemispheres. We examine spectral differences and similarities between both hemispheres and the tenuous E ring within which Enceladus orbits. The spectral resolution ( R = λ / Δ λ ) of these CorMASS data ( R ∼ 300 ) is comparable to but nevertheless higher than that of the Visual-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) ( R = 225 ) onboard the Cassini spacecraft.
Dielectronic-recombination rate coefficients of hydrogenlike ions in high-temperature low-density plasmas

Dielectronic-recombination rate coefficients of selected hydrogenlike ions (Z=10, 14, 18, 20, 22, 26, and 28) have been calculated at various plasma temperatures (${\mathrm{kT}}_{e}$=0.6--10 keV) using the Hartree-Fock-Slater atomic model and assuming a Maxwellian velocity distribution for the free electrons. The effects of configuration interaction and spin-orbit coupling are included in all intermediate resonance states \ensuremath{\Vert}2lnl'SLJ〉 for n\ensuremath{\le}4. Configuration average rates have been used to calculate dielectronic-recombination rate coefficients for n=5--8, and 1/${n}^{3}$ scaling law for all higher-lying states. The results from the present calculations are compared with available theoretical and experimental values of dielectronic-recombination rate coefficients.
Vertical mixing in clear air and clouds

The realization that clouds are diluted by the entrainment of dry air from outside the cloud boundaries began more than 40 years ago. Cloud-top entrainment was first clearly recognized by Squires in 1958. Warner and Squires showed that the dilution increased towards cloud top and was uniform across the cloud perpendicular to the shear. Not until the mid 1970s, however, did more evidence begin to show that cumulus clouds have a structure from upshear to downshear where rapid dilution by the mixing of dry air from above cloud top eventually totally evaporates the cloud parcels. This slow development was partially caused by the lack of appropriate thermodynamic diagrams for cloud microphysics analysis. In this paper, an easy approach to thermodynamic analysis is introduced for studying cloud mixing and entrainment structure. The advantages of using the temperature and wet-bulb temperature of air parcels, after compression to 1000 mb, as the coordinates of a general thermodynamic diagram are discussed and illustrated with examples. These variables are easily calculated on a small computer and then directly plotted. No further graphical calculations are needed for parcel mixing or for comparing densities. Total water mixing ratios and condensation pressures are directly readable for each composition.more » An important point is that these displays can be automatically produced without including any significant approximations. Thus, the details of how to process the data, or plot points and draw lines, is no longer a consideration in the use of such analysis, and no analog calculations are needed to produce the graphs. Observational examples are discussed, and the use of the computer program raises new questions about radiative cooling in and above cloud top and about the penetration by turbules carrying heat and moisture of marine stratus clouds and subcloud air. 16 refs., 10 figs.« less
Pregnancy and Cardiac Valvular Prostheses

Many women who have had cardiac valve replacements have reached or will soon be reaching childbearing age. Pregnancy exposes these women to potential problems resulting from the previous valvuloplasty. The three most common problems in this population—thromboembolism, infective endocarditis, and myocardial decompensation are discussed through a review of current literature. Preventive measures and treatment modalities are presented in order to assist nurses caring for these clients during their pregnancy.
Gas target and detached plasma regimes for the ITER divertor

A number of solutions to the problem of the ITER divertor power loading have been proposed. The most promising ones are those characterized by an ionization front which is detached from the divertor plate. The space between such a front and the plate is filled with a cold, T e < 1 eV, and (relatively) low density plasma, N e < 10 14 cm −3 . A regular high recycling regime and a detached (gas target) regime have been simulated with the PLANET code at a high scrape-off power of 220 MW. It is found that, in the detached case, over 90% of this power can be converted into radiation and that the gas target is well confined, but the midplane density is rather high, e ≅ 1 × 10 14 cm −3
Toward a Sustainable Society: Waste Minimization Through Environmentally Conscious Consuming1

The experiment was an educational intervention that promoted and described an ongoing environmental tagging program located in a chain of three local grocery stores. Model Community, a nonprofit community organization, originated the environmental product tagging program that was present throughout the experimental educational intervention and was also responsible for sponsoring educational efforts in the local elementary schools and in the media. Over the period of a year, the experimental intervention was expected to stimulate self-reported environmentally conscious consuming above the level generated by the tagging program alone and above the levels reported by shoppers who did not shop at the experimental stores. Environmentally conscious consuming or precycling implies buying products packaged in recyclable materials, buying least waste packaged (bulk or minimally packaged) products, and buying “safer earth” (nontoxic or alternatives to harsh chemicals) products. Contrary to expectations, there was no significant interaction effect of year (preintervention vs. postintervention) and group (experimental store vs. control group) on self-reported environmentally friendly consuming, implying that the experimental educational intervention did not have an effect. An investigation of the significant main effect of shopping at the environmentally tagged stores showed a significant positive effect on purchasing less toxic products, knowledge about Model Community, and awareness of the environmental tagging program. An examination of more aggressive educational campaigns in future studies is warranted because of more overall positive (although not significant) environmental shopping behaviors reported in 1990, when there was an active education program for Model Community, than in 1991, when the program ceased.