cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Narcotic Consumption Between Hospital and Ambulatory-Based Surgery Centers Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.

ABSTRACT Background: Several studies have compared outcomes between hospital-based (HBCs) and ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). However, the association between narcotic consumption and pain in the early postoperative period has not been well characterized. As such, the purpose of this study is to compare pain, narcotic consumption, and length of stay (LOS) between HBC and ASC patients undergoing same-day-discharge following ACDF. Methods: A surgical registry of patients who underwent a primary, 1- or 2-level ACDF during 2013-2015 was reviewed. Patients were stratified by operative location. Differences in demographics were assessed using independent-sample t tests and chi-square analysis. The presence of an association between operative location and outcomes was analyzed using Poisson regression with robust error variance or linear regression adjusted for preoperative characteristics. Results: A total of 76 patients were identified, of which 42 and 34 underwent surgery at an HBC or ASC, respectively. The HBC cohort had greater total (P Conclusions: This study demonstrates that patients undergoing same-day surgery for primary 1- or 2-level ACDF received more narcotics at HBCs compared to at ASCs. The increased narcotic consumption at HBCs may have resulted in longer LOS; however, this did not impact long-term pain, complications, or clinical outcomes. Clinical Relevance: Patients scheduled to be discharged on postoperative day 0 following ACDF at HBCs may be able to receive fewer narcotics and be discharged sooner without compromising pain control or increasing their risk for complications.
Chemotherapy accelerates age-related development of tauopathy and results in loss of synaptic integrity and cognitive impairment.

Abstract Cancer and its treatment are associated with neurotoxic side effects, including cognitive dysfunction, altered functional connectivity in the brain and structural abnormalities in white matter. There is evidence that cancer and its treatment can accelerate aging. Tau is a microtubule associated protein that contributes to microtubule stability thereby playing a key role in neuronal function. Clustering of tau is commonly observed in the aged brain and is related to cognitive decline. We hypothesized that chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment is associated with accelerated development of tau clustering in the brain as a sign of accelerated aging. We show for the first time that treatment of adult (7–8 month-old) male C57BL/6 mice with cisplatin results in reduced cognitive function and a marked increase in the number of large endogenous tau clusters in the hippocampus when assessed 4 months later. In contrast, we detected only few small tau clusters in the hippocampus of age-matched 11–12 month-old control mice. Astrocyte GFAP expression was increased in close vicinity to the tau clusters in cisplatin-treated mice. We did not detect changes in the microglial marker Iba-1 in the brain of mice treated with cisplatin. The accelerated formation of Tau-1 clusters in cisplatin-treated mice was associated with a decrease in the levels of the post-synaptic marker PSD95 and of the presynaptic marker synaptophysin in the hippocampus. We demonstrate here for the first time that chemotherapy markedly accelerates development of signs of tauopathy and loss of synaptic integrity in the hippocampus. These findings provide a mechanistic link between chemotherapy cognitive decline and accelerated aging in cancer survivors.
Longitudinal Case Study of Transgender Voice Changes Under Testosterone Hormone Therapy.

The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate voice and speech changes in one healthy 30-year-old transgender male undergoing testosterone therapy for transition. Testing occurred at three timepoints before cross-sex hormone therapy and every 2 weeks thereafter for 1 year. Data collected included measures of acoustics, aerodynamics, and laryngeal structure and function via flexible laryngoscopy. Analysis included acoustic correlates of pitch, loudness, voice quality, and vocal tract length, as well as perceptual measures of voice quality and gender. Speaking fundamental frequency (fo) lowered from 183 Hz to 134 Hz. Phonatory frequency range (ie, minimum and maximum singing range) shifted from a range of D#3-E6 to a range of A2-A5. Perceptual measures of voice quality indicated no negative changes. Naive listeners reliably rated the participant's speech samples as male after 37 weeks on testosterone. Few studies document in detail the variety of voice changes that occur during cross-sex hormone therapy, focusing instead on fo alone. This study adds to the literature a comprehensive case study of speech and voice changes experienced by one transmasculine participant undergoing testosterone therapy.
Generalized Least Squares Estimation

When the errors in a regression model are independent and identically distributed, the Gauss-Markov theorem establishes that the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator is “BLUE” (Best Linear Unbiased Estimator) (see Chap. 2). So far, all of the examples we have encountered in this text have met these assumptions, but in this chapter you will learn how to detect violations of the Gauss-Markov assumptions and address some of the problems that they can create.
Antimicrobial Activity of an Amnion-Chorion Membrane to Oral Microbes

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate wound biomodification by assessing antimicrobial properties present within a human-derived composite amnion-chorion membrane (ACM). Methods. Membranes analyzed were the human-derived ACM BioXclude™ and the porcine-derived collagen membrane Bio-Gide®. Paper discs with and without tetracycline served as positive and negative controls, respectively. The same number of colony-forming units per milliliter for each bacterial species (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus oralis) was inoculated on each of the discs. Discs from each group were removed at 12 and 24 hours and sonicated to remove the bacteria off the membranes. A serial dilution was performed to quantify bacterial growth. Results. The ACM inhibited growth at all time points, with all bacterial strains, identical to the negative control tetracycline discs. The collagen membrane and positive controls did not inhibit growth of any of the bacterial species throughout the 24-hour study period. for microbial growth on ACM or negative control vs. either collagen membrane or positive control. Conclusion. ACM was proven to be as bactericidal as paper discs inoculated with tetracycline at its minimum bactericidal concentration. The ACM bactericidal property may be beneficial in the early wound healing process.
What is Knowledge Management

Welcome to the fourth issue of the International Journal of Knowledge Management. In this issue we present an invited paper from Clyde Holsapple and Meenu Singh that begins a discussion on the value of KM to an organization. Three research articles are also presented which explore frameworks for KM to improve productivity, knowledge acquisition and transfer in Egypt, and using KM to foster innovation. In this issue, I want to tackle an important question: What is Knowledge Management (KM)? I did not address this sooner as I naively thought we knew what KM was. After all, we have a community of researchers and conferences where we meet and it seemed to me that we all knew what we were talking about. However, the last few weeks have made me doubt this assumption. Recently, I was asked several times to define KM. This would not surprise me except that I expected most of those asking to know what KM was as they were academics and professionals who were at least mildly familiar with our literature. This was followed by the publication of an expert opinion in the Business Intelligence Journal that convinced me of the need to discuss this question. EDITORIAL PREFACE
Dynamic R&D Contracting

We study a contracting problem in continuous-time where the principal hires an agent to conduct an R&D project for which progress towards success is binary. Under general concave payoffs, we explicitly derive the optimal dynamic incentive con- tract. In the first best scenario where incentives between the agent and principal are aligned, the optimal contract is constant. In contrast, when incentive compatability is a binding constraint, the optimal contract is explicitly characterized by the unique solution of an ordinary differential equation. The duration of employment is also uniquely specified by an endogenous threshold. The principal is patient near that threshold and his continuation value may in fact be negative in a neighborhood of the threshold. Importantly, due to the lumpy nature of the project completion, the optimal incentive-pay is two-dimensional: a flow payments during the R&D phase, and a lump-sum reward upon successful completion of the project. Finally, in numerical simulations, we find that the optimal contract features a miniscule level of flow payments, where most of the agent’s benefit come from the lump-sum reward when the project is successful. This theoretical feature of our model agrees with empirical evidence that CEO compensation is tied to the success of research agendas taking place over a long time horizon.
Improved Eco-Friendliness of a Common Flame Retardant through Inclusion Complexation with Cyclodextrins

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is used as a plasticizer and a flame retardant worldwide. However, in recent years, TPP has been detected in indoor/outdoor air and biota at high concentrations, and expos...
Identifying Work Capacity and Promoting Work: A Strategy for Modernizing the SSDI Program.

The Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program, which provides income support to individuals who become unable to work because of a disability, has not been substantially reformed since th...
The First Detection of Metamasius hemipterus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Coastal Mississippi, USA

Specimens of Metamasius hemipterus (L.) were collected from a nursery in coastal Mississippi during invasive insect pest monitoring by the Mississippi State University Invasive Insect Trapping Team. Specimens were collected during a USDA CAPS palm commodity survey occurring at nurseries and natural areas across the southern half of the state. Within the United States, Metamasius hemipterus is recognized as a pest of sugarcanes, bananas, and palms in Florida. It is also a pest in a variety of economically important fruits in its native range in the Antilles, Central, and South America. It has been implicated as a minor vector of red ring disease in palm, caused by the nematode Bursaphelenchus cocophilus (Cobb). This exotic insect poses a threat to the horticulture industry in Mississippi by vectoring pathogens injurious to palms and damaging other horticultural products.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Devices: Past, Present, and Future Focus on the History and Evolution of Technological Innovation:

The concept of implantable glucose sensors has been promulgated for more than 40 years. It is now accepted that continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) increases quality of life by allowing informed di...
Understanding Body-Worn Camera Diffusion in U.S. Policing:

By 2016, approximately one half of American police agencies had adopted body-worn cameras (BWCs). Although a growing body of research has examined the impact of BWCs on outcomes such as use of forc...
Driving and Restraining Forces: Toward the Marketization of Broadcast News in the United Kingdom in the 1990s

Television news broadcasting evolved rapidly in the United Kingdom in the 1990s. All aspects of the newscast changed and broadcasting became properly marketized. There were clear societal driving a...
What predicts the demand and sale of vacant public properties? Urban greening and gentrification in Chicago

Abstract Many post-industrial U.S. cities have developed programs to promote the greening of publicly-owned vacant lots, including initiatives in which homeowners can purchase nearby lots and turn them into yards or community gardens. These initiatives can result in greener landscapes in marginalized communities, but we know little about the spatial patterns of vacant land disposition and whether demand for and sale of publicly-owned lots are stronger in gentrifying neighborhoods. We examined the Chicago Large Lot Program and used neighborhood sociodemographic, environmental, and safety factors to predict the demand and sale of vacant lots. We found that the demand for Large Lots was significantly higher in tracts showing early signs of gentrification between 2000 and 2015 (those with higher increases of college graduates and White residents) and for tracts located closer to downtown. Also, the percentage of Large Lots sold was significantly larger in areas closer to downtown and farther from Lake Michigan but not associated with gentrification, which might be due to neighborhood political forces seeking to retain public control of vacant lots in gentrifying neighborhoods. Although other studies show that urban greening precedes gentrification, our findings suggest that the demand for urban greening might also follow early gentrification.
Excavating the Layers of Trauma in Homelands and Hostlands: Supporting Political Refugees in U.S. Schools:

This article details how a newly arrived Turkish refugee student navigates schooling in the United States. It highlights the trauma a purged Turkish families experience in their home country and th...
Process-structure–property relationships following thermo-oxidative exposure of powder bed fusion printed poly(phenylene sulfide)

Powder bed fusion (PBF) manufacturing with high-value polymers, like poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS), are of current interest to many industries. Inconsistent part properties when reusing powder is one barrier preventing adoption of PBF. This manuscript compares changes in polymer structure and mechanical properties resulting from simulated application via thermo-oxidative exposure for new and re-used PBF printed PPS. Similar printed part density from both powder ages was achieved by compensating for differences between new and reused powders through adjusted print settings. Thermomechanical properties were observed to change less for parts made with re-used PPS powder compared with as-received powder following thermo-oxidative exposure.
Vulnerability theory and higher education

Vulnerability theory stresses the role of an active state that is responsive to our common human needs: health, safety, sustenance, shelter, education, and fulfilling work. This article studies ins...
Job Market Signaling Through Occupational Licensing

In the presence of occupational licensing, we find evidence that firms rely less on observable characteristics such as race and gender in determining employee wages. As a result, licensed minorities and women experience smaller racial and gender wage gaps than their unlicensed peers. Black men benefit from licenses that are accessible to individuals without criminal records, whereas white women benefit from licenses with a human capital requirement. Certification, a less distortionary alternative to licensing, generates an equivalent wage premium for white men, but lower wage premiums than licensing for women and black men.
Comparison of uptake of CardioPET, a potential PET tracer for myocardial fatty acid utilization and BFPET, a possible PET blood flow marker in fed vs fasted mice

1098 Objectives CardioPET (trans-9-[18F]fluoro-3,4-methyleneheptadecanoic acid), a modified fatty acid closely resembling naturally-occurring free fatty acids, undergoes metabolic trapping at the first step of beta-oxidation in heart tissue. Previously we observed that fasting decreased cardiac uptake of CardioPET in mice. In the present study we compared cardiac uptake of CardioPET and BFPET (4-[18F]fluorophenyltriphenylphosphonium, a PET blood flow marker, in fed and fasted mice. Methods All studies were performed with male CD-1 mice weighing 25-30 grams (Charles River, Boston MA). Groups of eight animals were studied in the fed and fasted state. The fed mice were maintained on Prolab 5P76 Isopro RMS 3000 lab chow ad libitum until tracer injection. The fasted animals had no access to food for 24 hr prior to tracer injection. Each animal was injected with ~ 50 μCi of CardioPET or BFPET. The animals treated with CardioPET were sacrificed at 60 min. after tracer administration whereas the BFPET animals were sacrificed at 90 min. Radioactivity in myocardial tissue was measured with a well-type gamma counter and results were expressed as percent injected dose per gram (%ID/g, mean ± sem. Results In fed mice, CardioPET accumulation (%ID/g) was 14.4±1.23% in the myocardium whereas in fasted mice CardioPET uptake in the heart was markedly reduced to 4.5±0.37% (p Conclusions The reduction in cardiac uptake of CardioPET produced by fasting in mice is not related to reduced myocardial uptake of BFPET, but is probably related to increased hepatic uptake in the fasting condition. Research Support Shriners Hospitals For Childre
Abstract 79: Impact of the 2010 Resuscitation Guidelines on CPR Quality During In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Background: The 2010 resuscitation guidelines emphasize quality compressions, including a target depth of “at least 2 inches” (50 mm), and a target rate of “at least 100 compressions/min”. Studies have demonstrated that the guidelines update has positively impacted CPR performance in the pre-hospital setting, but no such data exist for in-hospital CPR quality. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that following the guidelines release, CPR data collected during in-hospital cardiac arrest events would demonstrate increased compression depth and rate, but that a lag period would exist prior to these observed changes. Methods: Chest compression data from consecutive cardiac arrest events at a single medical center were collected prior to the guidelines change between 1/2010-9/2010 and compared to data collected after the guidelines release from 11/2010-2/2013, using a CPR-sensing defibrillator (MRx QCPR, Phillips Healthcare). Data were compared both in aggregate and in sequential 4 month time periods to evaluate for change over time. Welch’s t-test was used to compare compression rate and depth means across time periods. Results: A total of 1,078 segments of CPR (30 sec each) performance were available for the pre-guidelines change period, and 1,652 30s segments for the post-guidelines release period. Mean compression rate and depth for the aggregate period following the guidelines release was increased (rate: 111.5 comp/min vs. 107.3 comp/min, p Conclusions: Following the 2010 release of updated CPR guidelines, compression rate and depth increased in a cohort of in-hospital resuscitation events. However, a lag time of 16 months for a sustained compression depth increase demonstrates the possibility of delayed uptake of new guidelines.
A Review of Business Analytics: A Business Enabler or Another Passing Fad☆

Abstract Business Analytics has emerged as a potential business enabler in both public and private sectors and is one of the fastest growing fields. By implementing Business Analytics initiatives in their organizations, decision makers can integrate disparate data sources, predict trends, improve performance, see key performance indicators, identify business opportunities, and make better and informed decisions. The purpose of this study is twofold: first, it provides a working definition, background, and a review of Business Analytics (BA) / Business Intelligence (BI) / Big Data (BD) theory and practice. Secondly, it discusses if BA/BI/BD is another passing fad or a business enabler.
Status of RNAs, localized in Xenopus laevis oocytes, in the frogs Rana pipiens and Eleutherodactylus coqui

Early development in the frog model, Xenopus laevis, is governed by RNAs, localized to the vegetal cortex of the oocyte. These RNAs include Xdazl RNA, which is involved in primordial germ cell formation, and VegT RNA, which specifies the mesoderm and endoderm. In order to determine whether orthologues of these RNAs are localized and have similar functions in other frogs, we cloned RpDazl and RpVegT from Rana pipiens, a frog that is phylogenetically distant from X. laevis. RNAs from both genes are localized to the vegetal cortex of the R. pipiens oocyte, indicating that the vegetal localization is likely the basal state. The animal location of EcVegT RNA in Eleutherodactylus coqui that we found previously (Beckham et al., 2003) is then a derived state, probably due to the great increase in egg size required for direct development of this species. To answer the question of function, we injected RpVegT or EcVegT RNAs into X. laevis embryos, and assayed animal caps for gene expression. Both of these RNAs induced the expression of endodermal, mesodermal, and organizer genes, showing that the function of RpVegT and EcVegT as meso-endodermal determinants is conserved in frogs. The RNA localizations and the function of VegT orthologues in germ layer specification may be synapomorphies for anuran amphibians.
Key informants on the history of anthropology

The history of anthropology is a growing field of study within the discipline itself. Our series ‘Key Informants on the History of Anthropology’ is offered as a contribution to the discussion of how anthropology, as it is understood and practised today, evolved and took shape. In this invited contribution, T. O. Beidelman reflects on the formative, enlightening and sometimes dramatic encounters and experiences that have shaped his engagement with anthropology, and have influenced his many and lasting contributions to the discipline.
Edentata and Pholidota (Armadillos, Anteaters and Tree Sloths)

The mammalian order Edentata includes the armadillos, sloths and anteaters, and the extinct glyptodonts; the mammalian order Pholidota comprises the pangolins or scaly anteaters. Keywords: armadillo; sloth; anteater; pangolin; glyptodont
Polygon Characterization With the Multiplicatively Weighted Voronoi Diagram

Many landscape features are represented as polygons in GIS. This paper characterizes polygon shapes with the multiplicatively weighted Voronoi (MW-Voronoi) diagram and improves its understanding. The MW-Voronoi diagram's composition is implemented with topological overlay, growth simulation, and vertex calculation methods. The decomposition is done by reversing a polygon to MW-Voronoi point pairs by segment. It is a new approach to record, characterize, and compare polygons with form and process. The implementation also serves as a geographic education and visualization tool. Applications of the methods are presented with precipitation, fire polygon, and population change data.
FCell: Towards the Tradeoffs in Designing Data Center Network Architectures

We propose a novel Data Center Network (DCN) architecture, named FCell, which is a tradeoff design in three aspects. First, FCell reflects a tradeoff between DCN power consumption and network performances, which mainly include end-to-end delays and bisection bandwidth. We propose a unified path length definition to characterize end-to-end delays in general DCNs. Comparisons with existing DCN architectures reveal that FCell consumes a moderate amount of power, and achieves generally low end-to-end delays and a satisfiable bisection bandwidth. Second, FCell reflects a tradeoff between switch-centric and server-centric designs. Two basic routing schemes are proposed to show that FCell can place routing intelligence on both servers and switches; thus, FCell can be regarded as a dual-centric architecture, which enjoys both the fast switching capability of switches and the high programmability of servers. Third, FCell reflects a tradeoff between scalability and flexibility. Scalability of FCell comes from its regularity; FCell also supports flexible growth of network size with minimal modifications on its original architecture. Through simulations, we evaluate the performances of the two routing schemes in different traffic conditions in FCell, and verify that our unified path length definition is a useful metric to characterize end-to-end delays in general DCNs.
Mass Outflow in Active Galactic Nuclei

Active galactic nuclei are powered by accretion onto supermassive black holes. In his Perspective, Crenshaw discusses recent insights into the mass outflow from these nuclei, which provide information about the dynamical forces near an active supermassive black hole.
Protected proteins in ruminant nutrition. In vitro evaluation of casein derivatives.

Chemical treatment of proteins in feeds can, by crosslinking protein chains or other chemical effects, decrease their solubility and microbial degradation in the rumen. A need exists to modify proteins systematically under well-defined conditions with inexpensive reagents and to evaluate the treated products nutritionally for possible beneficial effects on wool growth and quality as well as production of meat and milk. As a first step toward this goal we evaluated many derivatives of casein treated at pH 9–10 with various acylating and alkylating agents. Initial tests indicate that all treatments decreased protein digestion by rumen microorganisms. Potentially crosslinking reagents are usually more effective than similar ones that cannot crosslink. A few treatments gave ruminal protection that approached or exceeded that obtained with formaldehyde. This result shows that systematic evaluation of ruminai in vitro digestibility of protein derivatives may disclose new products deserving tests of postruminal digestibility and practical nutritive value.
Measurement of the three-photon absorption cross section in potassium iodide at 532 nm

The intrinsic recombination luminescence of the self-trapped exciton was utilized in the measurement of the three-photon absorption cross section in KI at 532 nm. By means of a comparative two-and three-photon absorption experiment, the value was found to be ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{(3)}=6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}81}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{6}$${\mathrm{s}}^{2}$. Proper interpretation of the experimental observations required careful analysis of the kinetics describing the excitation and relaxation processes.
Dementia and Overactive Bladder

Overactive bladder (OAB) and urinary incontinence are common in patients with dementia. The etiology is likely multifactorial making it very challenging to treat. Furthermore, the use of anticholinergics, the mainstay of medical management of OAB, in patients with dementia is controversial. The optimal treatment strategy requires setting realistic goals and communicating with family members and care providers.
System identification and model-based control for distributed parameter systems

A linear, low-order input/output model is identified for a nonlinear distributed parameter system using a combination of singular value decomposition and the Karhunen Loeve expansion. The model captures the dominant behavior of the system around a nominal operating point. A quadratic dynamic model-based controller (QDMC) is designed based on this low-order model. Sufficient conditions for closed-loop stability are presented and proven. The system identification method and the resulting QDMC controller are demonstrated on a nonlinear multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) chemical reactor that produces benzene from the hydro-dealkylation of toluene.
A user-friendly approach for tuning parallel file operations

The Lustre file system provides high aggregated I/O bandwidth and is in widespread use throughout the HPC community. Here we report on work (1) developing a model for understanding collective parallel MPI write operations on Lustre, and (2) producing a library that optimizes parallel write performance in a user-friendly way. We note that a system's default stripe count is rarely a good choice for parallel I/O, and that performance depends on a delicate balance between the number of stripes and the actual (not requested) number of collective writers. Unfortunate combinations of these parameters may degrade performance considerably. For the programmer, however, it's all about the stripe count: an informed choice of this single parameter allows MPI to assign writers in a way that achieves near-optimal performance. We offer recommendations for those who wish to tune performance manually and describe the easy-to-use T3PIO library that manages the tuning automatically.
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor prevents airway obstruction, respiratory failure and death due to sulfur mustard analog inhalation

Abstract Sulfur mustard (SM) inhalation causes airway injury, with enhanced vascular permeability, coagulation, and airway obstruction. The objective of this study was to determine whether recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) could inhibit this pathogenic sequence. Methods Rats were exposed to the SM analog 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) via nose-only aerosol inhalation. One hour later, TFPI (1.5 mg/kg) in vehicle, or vehicle alone, was instilled into the trachea. Arterial O 2 saturation was monitored using pulse oximetry. Twelve hours after exposure, animals were euthanized and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma were analyzed for prothrombin, thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT), active plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels, and fluid fibrinolytic capacity. Lung steady-state PAI-1 mRNA was measured by RT-PCR analysis. Airway-capillary leak was estimated by BALF protein and IgM, and by pleural fluid measurement. In additional animals, airway cast formation was assessed by microdissection and immunohistochemical detection of airway fibrin. Results Airway obstruction in the form of fibrin-containing casts was evident in central conducting airways of rats receiving CEES. TFPI decreased cast formation, and limited severe hypoxemia. Findings of reduced prothrombin consumption, and lower TAT complexes in BALF, demonstrated that TFPI acted to limit thrombin activation in airways. TFPI, however, did not appreciably affect CEES-induced airway protein leak, PAI-1 mRNA induction, or inhibition of the fibrinolytic activity present in airway surface liquid. Conclusions Intratracheal administration of TFPI limits airway obstruction, improves gas exchange, and prevents mortality in rats with sulfur mustard-analog-induced acute lung injury.
Simultaneous quantitative cassette analysis of drugs and detection of their metabolites by high performance liquid chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry

A method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry (MS) for simultaneous quantification of multiple drugs and detection of their metabolites is described. The new approach offers a significant increase in analytical throughput and is illustrated with analysis of the in vitro metabolism of 19 alpha-1a receptor antagonists. The compounds were separated into four cassette groups by using a computer program as well as by manual examination. The samples from incubation with dog liver microsomes were pooled into the designed cassette groups and analyzed by HPLC/electrospray (ESI) ion trap MS in full-scan mode. The metabolic stability of the drugs was determined by comparing their signals after incubation for 0 and 60 min, respectively. The quantitative results from the cassette analysis procedure agreed well with those obtained from conventional discrete analysis. In addition, the technique allowed simultaneous detection of metabolites formed during the same incubation without having to reanalyze the samples. The metabolites were first characterized by nominal mass measurement of the corresponding protonated molecules. Subsequent multi-stage tandem mass spectrometry (MS(n)) on the ion trap instrument allowed confirmation of the detected metabolites.
Sources of scattering of guided light in Ti-diffused LiNbO3 optical waveguides

Abstract In-plane scattering in Ti-diffused LiNbO3 waveguides has been studied in order to determine sources of scattering in this material. The observed variation of scattering with direction of propagation suggests that anisotropic refractive-index variations in the waveguide are the dominant source of scattering, rather than surface roughness. Some of the scattering is found to be associated with a granular layer caused by Ti diffusion, possibly indicative of Li-Ti-0 compound formation near the surface. Scattering from this source is reduced by using less Ti diffusant and/or by polishing the finished waveguide. Electrooptic and photorefractive experiments to determine the importance of antiphase microdomains as sources of residual scattering in LiNbO3 waveguides yield conflicting results.
Tissue, cell type, and breast cancer stage‐specific expression of a TGF‐β inducible early transcription factor gene

This laboratory has previously identified a novel TGF-β inducible early gene (TIEG) in human osteoblasts [Subramaniam et al. (1995): Nucleic Acids Res 23:4907–4912]. Using TIEG specific polyclonal antibody and immunoprecipitation methods in normal human fetal osteoblast cells (hFOB cells), we have now demonstrated that TIEG encodes a 72-kDa protein whose levels are transiently increased at as early as 2 h of TGF-β treatment. Polarized confocal microscopic analysis of hFOB cells shows a nuclear localized TIEG protein in untreated cells under the conditions described under Methods. Interestingly, the levels of TIEG protein in the nuclei increase when the cells are treated with TGF-β1 for 2 h. In contrast, similar analyses of untreated human keratinocytes show a cytoplasmic localized TIEG protein that appears to be translocated to the nucleus after H2O2 treatment. Additional immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated that TIEG protein is expressed in epithelial cells of the placenta, breast, and pancreas, as well as in osteoblast cells of bone and selected other cells of the bone marrow and cerebellum with some cells showing a cytoplasmic localization and others a nuclear localization. All cells of the kidney display negative staining for this protein. Interestingly, a stage specific expression of TIEG protein is found in a dozen breast cancer biopsies, using immunohistochemistry. The cells in normal breast epithelium displays a high expression of TIEG protein, those in the in situ carcinoma display less than one-half of the levels, and those in the invasive carcinoma show a complete absence of the TIEG protein. TIEG has been localized to chromosome 8q22.2 locus, the same locus as the genes involved in osteopetrosis and acute myeloid leukemia and close to the c-myc gene locus and a locus of high polymorphism in cancer biopsies. The correlation between the levels of TIEG protein and the stage of breast cancer, its prime location in human chromosome 8q22.2, and past studies with pancreatic carcinoma, suggests that TIEG may play a role in tumor suppressor gene activities, apoptosis, or some other regulatory function of cell cycle regulation. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:226–236, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Three-Dimensional Fluorescent Tomography in the Presence of Heterogeneous Absorption Background.

We study the influence of absorption heterogeneity in three-dimensional fluorescent tomographic reconstruction. We show that data normalization methods can give significant imaging accuracy.
Results of treatment of toxic goiter with radioactive iodine.

THIS is a report of our results in the treatment of hyperthyroidism with radioactive iodine, plus a review of the clinical results reported in the literature up to the present (April, 1952). Table 1 contains a complete list of all follow-up studies of a series of patients treated for hyperthyroidism with radioactive iodine. When there have been two or more reports from the same clinic, the latest or most complete is used. It is difficult to arrange different sets of statistics accurately under common headings and the necessary shifting of an investigator's case reports in order to tabulate them in common with those of another investigator creates many errors. These errors are not numerous enough, however, to destroy the validity of the final calculation. No two sets of authors attack the problem of the radiotherapeusis of hyperthyroidism in an identical manner. One group deliberately confines this form of therapy to a small number of patients in whom the risk of surgery is unduly hazardous or to those who...
The Biogeomorphology of Mangroves and Their Role in Natural Hazards Mitigation

Along low-relief coasts in tropical regions, mangroves occupy the biogeographical landscape usually occupied by salt-marsh or cypress ecosystems in more temperate regions. Over 50 species of mangroves are found worldwide. In tropical regions, mangroves are the prevalent coastal wetland ecosystem, overshadowed in the public mind by tropical rainforests and coral reefs. Mangroves exist on the tropical rims of all continents except Antarctica. Numerous species of mangroves exist; collectively they create large ecosystems such as the Sundarbans in Bangladesh and India that provide habitats for endangered species, including the Bengal Tiger. As biogeomorphological agents, mangroves interact with tidal flows to entrap and stabilize sediment, create humus, and alter tropical coastal environments. Mangrove sediments and pollen entrapped therein record substantial sea-level rises and falls during the Holocene, including a mid-Holocene highstand, and a regression associated with the Little Ice Age. Mangroves provide habitats for a variety of coastal creatures, including crabs, juvenile fish, and sponges. Worldwide, the mangrove ecosystem is threatened by anthropogenic activities such as aquaculture, urban development, and forestry. Removal of mangroves not only endangers sensitive ecosystems, but also reduces the protection from natural hazards that mangroves offer. Tsunami and storm surges from tropical cyclones are dissipated by the intertwined root systems of the mangroves, limiting the destructive potential of the surging water, although the extent of protection offered by mangroves is controversial. The natural protection of the mangroves has proven superior to man-made objects to deflect tsunami and storm surge. Mangrove revegetation efforts are underway in numerous countries, most notably Bangladesh, Vietnam, Thailand, and Tanzania. A variety of remote-sensing platforms provide the ability to monitor mangrove recovery or decline around the world. The ultimate results of anthropogenic influences on mangroves remain to be seen.
Immuno-targeting of nonionic surfactant vesicles to inflammation

Niosomes composed of sorbitan monostearate (Span 60), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate (Tween 61), cholesterol, and dicetyl phosphate were conjugated with a purified monoclonal antibody to CD44 (IM7) through a cyanuric chloride (CC) linkage on the polyoxyethylene group of the Tween 61 molecule. Inclusion of small amounts of Tween 61 within the surfactant component of niosomes formed using thin film hydration techniques and sonication did not hamper vesicle stability as compared to Span 60 niosomes. Conjugation was verified by UV absorbance of fluorescently tagged IM7 in non-fluorescing niosomes and fluorescent micrographs. The immuno-niosomes were incubated with synovial lining cells expressing CD44. Attachment of niosomes was evident and showed selectivity and specificity compared to controls. These findings suggest that the resulting immuno-niosomes may provide an effective method for targeted drug delivery.
Thromboprophylaxis in Pregnancy: Who and How?

Venous thrombosis and embolism (VTE) is one of the most common, serious complications associated with pregnancy, and now ranks as a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Information regarding the association of VTE with acquired and heritable thrombophilias has greatly expanded in the last 20 years, adding a new layer of complexity to decisions about thromboprophylaxis. The objective of this review is to detail which patients are at clinically important increased risk for VTE, are candidates for thrombophilia screening, and warrant thromboprophylaxis. Recommended management regimens for use in specific patient subgroups are also provided.
Toward a New Normative (Economic) Theory of Politics

A normative theory neither grounded in nor constrained by a plausible positive science is not compelling. Thus, for example, a normative theory of the state which sees an end to class conflict (e.g. Plato's) is obviously not compelling to those who accept as valid a positive science of politics which claims permanence for class conflict (e.g. Aristotle's). 1 In this instance, the normative theory would appear utopian to one who accepts the explanatory argument. This paper argues that (orthodox) normative economic theories of politics (NETP) are in many respects utopian because they are inadequately constrained by a plausible science of politics. Part I outlines the basic components of NETP; Part II then contrasts the “positive science” implicitly underlying NETP with the main ingredients of a more compelling alternative and uses the latter to criticize NETP; Part III discusses some issues raised by the above and suggests directions for a new (and better) normative theory of politics.
Optimization of a static mixer using dynamical systems techniques

Abstract To improve upon the mixing performance of the Kenics mixer, variations on the standard mixer geometry are investigated using techniques from dynamical systems analysis, including Poincare sections, tracking of fluid tracers, and the development of stretching histories for tracer elements. A more traditional mixing measure, the variation coefficient, is also computed. Three geometric parameters are investigated: the twist direction of adjacent elements, the element length to diameter ratio, and the amount of twist per element. The flow in a mixer with the standard configuration where elements have alternating twist direction is globally chaotic; the flow in a mixer where all elements have the same twist direction displays large segregated regular regions which act as a barrier to uniform mixing and make the latter configuration undesirable for most mixing applications. Extent of mixing per element and energy efficiency are independent of element length to diameter ratio, allowing shorter elements to be used advantageously to obtain equivalent mixing in a smaller space or shorter residence time. A substantial increase in mixer efficiency is achieved using elements with less twist than the standard 180° Kenics configuration.
Bulk liquid oxygen supply failure.

WE report an oxygen supply tank failure at our institution that occurred during the morning of a busy operating room schedule when medical center oxygen use was maximal.
Immunologic Approaches to Composite Tissue Allograft

This article discusses the immunologic principles and the most promising immunologic approaches for composite tissue allograft tolerance. We have previously reviewed some of the pharmacologic approaches for composite tissue allo-transplantation. In this review, we will summarize the range of options that may address the challenge of transplantation in reconstructive surgery.
Tunnel Model for Hard-Sphere Bosons in Their Ground State

Abstract In the tunnel model, a fluid is regarded as being composed of rows of molecules, which move almost in one dimension along lines or tunnels, the walls of which are formed by neighboring rows of molecules. This model provides a simple and reliable theory for a classical system of dense hard spheres. The tunnel model has also been applied to quantum hard spheres. However, until recently, there have been no reliable results for dense quantum hard spheres, so that the accuracy of the quantum tunnel model could not be judged. Comparison with a recent variational determination of the ground-state energy of a system of hard spheres shows that the tunnel model is reliable for this system.
Neurological complications of the trisomy 10p syndrome: A case report

A case of trisomy 10p with CT documentation of delay in intrauterine cerebral maturation is reported. Neurologic abnormalities seen with this chromosomal syndrome including cerebral malformations, hypotonia, arthrogryposis, seizures, hydrocephalus, retardation and cranio-facial deformities are reviewed.
Magnetization of Jurassic red deep-sea sediments in the Atlantic (DSDP site 105)

Abstract Measurement of the remanent magnetization of samples of Jurassic oceanic red sediments recovered in the western Atlantic on Leg 11, site 105 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project yields quite different results, depending on the demagnetization processes used. Both the Jurassic section and the Berriasian-Valanginian part of the Lower Cretaceous were measured, but with less satisfactory results for the Lower Cretaceous. The natural remanent magnetization of the Jurassic section is almost entirely normal, with 44.6° inclinations (standard deviation = 13.9°) and is not changed by 1000 Oe alternating field (AF) demagnetization. Thermal demagnetization to temperatures of 630°C brings the inclination and polarity sequence in line with that expected for Oxfordian through Tithonian time at this site. The average inclination after thermal demagnetization is 22.1°, standard deviation = 12.1°, and the polarity pattern is one of frequently alternating polarity, much more similar to published reversal patterns for this time than the all normal results of AF demagnetization. The polarity pattern is not identical to the published ones as a result of insufficiently detailed sampling. Thermomagnetic and X-ray analyses were ambiguous, but suggest the presence of titanomagnetite, hematite, and possibly titanomaghemite and pyrrhotite. The primary remanence is carried by hematite.
On secondary circulation, helical motion and­Rozovskii‐based analysis of time‐averaged­two‐dimensional velocity fields at confluences

In this response to Lane et al. (1999) ‘Time averaged flow structure in the central region of a stream confluence: a discussion’, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24, 361–367 we show that our method for decomposing the cross-stream velocity field into components associated with primary and secondary velocities, as defined by Rozovskii, is not flawed or misleading. Instead, it yields valuable information that illustrates the contribution of secondary circulation and, by inference, helical motion to the pattern of cross-stream flow at confluences. Lane et al.'s concern about our methodology can be attributed to their failure to distinguish clearly and consistently between secondary circulation and cross-stream discharge, a distinction that is central to our method of analysis, and to their inappropriate comparisons of velocity fields for the different frames of reference associated with secondary circulation and cross-stream discharge. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prognostic value of echocardiographic evaluation of septal function in acute anteroseptal myocardial infarction

To determine the clinical usefulness of echocardiography in patients with anteroseptal myocardial infarction, echocardiograms were performed within 24 hours of admission on 40 patients with acute transmural anteroseptal myocardial infarction. Twenty-one patients had normal septal motion and septal systolic thickening, and 19 patients had abnormalities of one or both of these measurements. Of the 21 patients who had normal septal motion and thickening, only five developed congestive heart failure, none developed bundle branch block, and none died. Of the 19 patients with abnormal septal motion and/or thickening, 17 developed congestive heart failure (p less than .001), seven developed bundle branch block (p less than .001), and six died (p less than .001). Therefore, (1) electrocardiographic evidence of septal infarction does not correlate with abnormalities of the portion of septum seen on echocardiogram, and (2) patients with anteroseptal myocardial infarction and abnormalities of the septum on echocardiogram have more complications and a higher in-hospital mortality rate. These patients may have more extensive myocardial infarction predisposing to pump failure and possibly involving the conduction system.