cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of the cell cycle in regression of the corpus luteum

The corpus luteum contains differentiated steroidogenic cells that have exited the cell cycle of proliferation. In some tissues, deletion of quiescent, differentiated cells by apoptosis in response to injury or pathology is preceded by reentry into the cell cycle. We tested whether luteal cells reenter the cell cycle during the physiological process of luteolysis. Ovaries were obtained after injection of cows with a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin F(2)(α) (PGF). In luteal sections, cells co-staining for markers of cell proliferation (MKI67) and apoptosis (cPARP1) increased 24 h after PGF, indicating that cells that reenter the cell cycle undergo apoptosis. The percent of steroidogenic cells (CYP11A1-positive) co-staining for MKI67 increased after PGF, while co-staining of non-steroidogenic cells did not change. Dispersed luteal cells were stained with Nile Red to distinguish lipid-rich steroidogenic cells from nonsteroidogenic cells and co-stained for DNA. Flow cytometry showed that the percent of steroidogenic cells progressing through the cell cycle and undergoing apoptosis increased after PGF. Culturing luteal cells induced reentry of steroidogenic cells into the cell cycle, providing a model to test the influence of the cell cycle on susceptibility to apoptosis. Blocking cells early in the cell cycle using inhibitors reduced cell death in response to treatment with the apoptosis-inducing protein, Fas ligand (FASL). Progesterone treatment reduced progression through the cell cycle and decreased FASL-induced apoptosis. In summary, steroidogenic cells reenter the cell cycle upon induction of luteal regression. While quiescent cells are resistant to apoptosis, entry into the cell cycle promotes susceptibility to apoptosis.
Transonic Flow Calculations Using the Euler Equations

An implicit finite difference method with implicit boundary conditions is employed to solve the steady Euler equations for flows past arbitrary geometries/The resulting code is used to investigate in a systematic way various aspects of flow past airfoils at transonic speeds such as method of solution, boundary conditions, grid stretching and generation, shock and sonic point operators, the Kiitta condition, and smoothing. Results ob- tained are in good agreement with results of other codes. Moreover, it appears that the method of solution employed is such that Kutta's condition need not be invoked. This statement appears to be valid for other existing schemes employed in the solution of Euler equations. HE primitive variable form of the system of partial- differential equations governing the steady motion of an inviscid fluid (Euler equations) are first order and of mixed elliptic and hyperbolic type. Because of this, two approaches are used in obtaining steady-state solutions for subcritical and supercritical flows past bodies. The first seeks temporally asymptotic solutions of the time-dependent equations1'7 while the second exploits relaxation methods developed for the solution of second-order equations by embedding Euler equations in a second-order system8 or by using a stream function formulation.9 The purpose of this investigation is to develop an efficient algorithm for the steady Euler equations in primitive variable form and use it to carry out numerical experiments designed to investigate in a systematic way the various aspects of flows past airfoils at transonic speeds. These include method of solution, i.e., Peaceman-Rachford10 (PR) vs Douglas-Gunn1 1 (DG); boundary conditions; grid generation and stretching; shock and sonic point operators; smoothing; and the Kutta condition. The resulting algorithm solves the strong con- servation form of the Euler equations, with the energy equation replaced by the statement that the total enthalpy is constant, using an ADI finite difference scheme and implicit boundary conditions. To study arbitrary geometries, the algorithm is combined with the automatic grid solver (GRAPE) of Steger and Sorenson.12 With this capability, the code provides a general and efficient method for the solution of flowfields past arbitrary geometries for all speed ranges. The achieved efficiency of this code can be traced to two main reasons: the resulting block tridiagonal matrix for two- dimensional flows is 3 x 3 and not 4 x 4; moreover, the code incorporates a procedure that selects an optimum relaxation factor for each iteration. Formulation of the Problem
Comment on “automatic planning of manipulator transfer movements”

It is pointed out that because errors in a manipulator environment come from a variety of sources, a worst-case correction as described by Lozano-Perez (ibid., vol.SMC-11, no.10, p.681-9, 1981) is unduly restrictive, and could lead to the fallacious conclusion that certain movements are not possible, or to the overspecification of tolerances on system components. It is shown how a simple probabilistic model and some straightforward mathematics can be used to produce an expansion limit that is much less restrictive in path planning.
Network: Theorizing Knowledge Work in Telecommunications

Clay Spinuzzi. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 2008. 230 pp. With this book Spinuzzi has done the field a great service: He has “absorbed more literature from activity theory, actor-netw...
Metal isotopes used as radioactive indicators of ocular melanoma

We studied radioactive metal compounds to determine their localization in malignant Greene melanoma in the eye of the Syrian golden hamsters. Scintigraphy of an ocular melanoma was achieved with several radioactive metals: radioactive (/sup 111/In)-bleomycin, radioactive gallium (/sup 67/Ga)-citrate, and radioactive lead (/sup 203/Pb)-tris. The /sup 111/In-bleomycin had the highest tumor uptake (5.45% dose/g), but not the highest tumor-to-background ratios. The /sup 67/Ga-citrate had a maximum tumor uptake of 4.87% dose/g at 48 hours. The /sup 111/In-chloride had a melanoma uptake of 2.26% dose/g, while with /sup 203/Pb-tris the uptake was 1.61% dose/g. These uptake ratios compare favorably with that of radioactive phosphorus (/sup 32/P) - 2.21% dose/g. Noninvasive localization of malignant melanoma in the eye was accomplished with metal isotopes. Detailed analysis of in vitro uptake data by tumor and background tissues revealed the optimum time for scanning and precluded unnecessary trials.
Pseudopotential Method for Inelastic Processes in Atoms and Molecules. I. General Method and Photodetachment of O

With the ultimate goal of elucidating inelastic processes in molecules, we have developed a pseudopotential method by which one can compute the wave functions for electron scattering states around atoms, molecules, and their respective ions. The method depends upon knowledge of the phase shift, obtained from scattering experiments or from Quantum Defect calculations. A one-parameter model is chosen to fit the boundary conditions and an approximate pseudowave function derived from it. First-order perturbation theory is then carried out in the Green's function formalism, both to yield an improved wave function and to fit the parameter which optimizes our model. As a test of our model, we apply the theory to the calculation of the $s$-wave continuum wave function and cross section for the photodetachment of electrons from ${\mathrm{O}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$.
Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis and Properties of Silicone Aromatic Polyesters and Silicone Aromatic Polyamides

Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) immobilized on a macroporous acrylic resin (Novozym 435) was used to enzymatically synthesize silicone aromatic polyesters (SAPEs) and silicone aromatic polyamides (SAPAs) in toluene under mild reaction conditions. The SAPEs were synthesized using α,ω-(dihydroxyalkyl)-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (HAT-PDMS, molar mass Mn = 2500 g mol−1), and the SAPAs were synthesized using α,ω-(diaminopropyl)-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (APT-PDMS, having two different molar masses, Mn, 1000 and 4700 g mol−1, respectively). Each of the polymers was made by a transesterification reaction with dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) in toluene (1:2 w/v ratio of monomers to solvent) at a temperature in the range of 80−90 °C under vacuum. Toluene was employed as the solvent in order to solubilize the DMT in the reaction mixture. The methanol byproduct was recovered from the reaction mixture along with the toluene by applying vacuum, and thus the transesterification reaction was driven forwar...
Zaccai neutron resilience and site-specific hydration dynamics in a globular protein

A discussion is presented of contributions of the Zaccai group to the understanding of flexibility in biological macromolecules using dynamic neutron scattering. The concept of resilience as introduced by Zaccai is discussed and investigated using molecular dynamics simulation on camphor-bound cytochrome P450. The resilience of hydrophilic residues is found to be more strongly affected by hydration than that of hydrophobic counterparts. The hydration-induced softening of protein propagates from the surface into the dry core. Moreover, buried hydrophilic residues behave more like those exposed on the protein surface, and are different from their hydrophobic counterparts.
Creating small diameter bioresorbable vascular grafts through electrospinning

Seamless, non-woven, bioresorbable vascular prosthetics composed of sub-micron fibers have been successfully created through electrospinning. These prosthetics have proven to be both bioactive and mechanically viable during in vitro testing, and hold great potential to be conducive to in situ tissue engineering/regeneration in the future.
External Chemical Reactivity of Fullerenes and Nanotubes

Abstract : The external chemical reactivity of graphene sheet, fullerenes and carbon nanotubes has been investigated. The total reaction energy is analyzed with several contributing terms and formulated as a function of the pyramidal angles of C atoms. We have determined the parameters for the formulae from ab initio simulation of graphene. We have applied them to predict hydrogenation energy of several nanotubes and C(60), and demonstrated that the predicted total reaction energies are very close to the results of total energy pseudo-potential density functional theory calculations. This analysis can be used to predict the reaction energy and local bonding configuration of a reactant with diverse fullerenes and nanotubes within 0.1 eV accuracy.
An audit of the use of an opiate sparing, multimodal analgesic regime in children with Sleep Disordered Breathing/Obstructive Sleep Apnoea undergoing adenotonsillectomy

Abstract Objectives Children with Sleep Disordered Breathing/Obstructive Sleep Apnoea have an increased incidence of respiratory complications following adenotonsillectomy. This may be partly related to an increase in sensitivity to opiates. An audit of such cases undergoing adenotonsillectomy was performed with the following aims: 1. To measure and compare the incidence of postoperative respiratory complications following an already locally established opiate sparing, multimodal analgesic regime, with published reports. 2. To measure local compliance with these guidelines. 3. To consider which risk factor(s) best predicted the chances of a respiratory complication occurring, perhaps enabling a more efficient use of post operative resources in the future. 4. To measure the incidence of postoperative haemorrhage and post operative nausea and vomiting. Methods All patients had Sleep Disordered Breathing/Obstructive Sleep Apnoea confirmed preoperatively by Overnight Oximtery Studies. Oximetry data was expressed as the lowest recorded saturation (SpO 2 Low %) and number of significant desaturations (see text) per hour (ODI4%). Case notes and oximetry studies were scrutinized for relevant perioperative anaesthetic and analgesic data, risk factors and complications. Results The overall incidence of major and minor respiratory complications was low (1.6% and 27% respectively). Children who suffered any complication were more likely to be younger ( p = 0.0078), have a lower SpO 2 Low ( p = 0.004) and higher ODI4% ( p = p = 0.0032). An ODI4% of >8 may be the best cut off point in predicting complications (AUC = 0.78, sensitivity = 0.90) but it showed a poor specificity (0.57). Primary/secondary haemorrhage occurred in 0.4%/1.2% respectively and postoperative nausea and vomiting in 4.4%. Conclusions A low dose opiate-based, multi modal analgesic regime appears to be effective and safe in children with Sleep Disordered Breathing/Obstructive Sleep Apnoea undergoing adenotonsillectomy.
Time decay and relaxation schemes

A general method for concocting relaxation schemes for solving steady state boundary value problems is suggested by the method of multipliers. Its application to a problem in mixed equations is discussed.
Could poor seed dispersal contribute to predation by introduced rodents in a Hawaiian dry forest

Dry forests are among the most diverse, yet threatened, communities in Hawai’i. Dry forests throughout the archipelago suffer from a lack of natural regeneration of trees. Two factors that may limit tree recruitment include poor seed dispersal and seed predation by rodents. Poor or limited dispersal of fleshy-fruited species results in seeds and fruits falling directly under parents. Dispersed and non-dispersed seeds may differ in their vulnerability to predation. We tested effects of seed location (under/away from parent trees) and pulp (presence/absence) on predation of four native species that suffer from limited dispersal and one readily-dispersed alien species in Kanaio Natural Area Reserve, Maui. Three natives (Diospyros sandwicensis, Pleomele auwahiensis, Santalum ellipticum), had significantly more seeds removed under parent trees than in exposed sites away from trees. For the one alien (Bocconia frutescens) and two native trees (D. sandwicensis, P. auwahiensis) that were evaluated, significantly more intact fruits were removed than were cleaned seeds. Presence of teeth marks and gnawed seed husk fragments indicate introduced rodents are destroying many of the seeds they remove. These results suggest that seed predation is disproportionately concentrated among poorly-dispersed seeds and may contribute to recruitment failure.
Loading variable effects on mode—I fatigue of wood–FRP composite bonded interface

Abstract In this paper, the effect of fatigue loading variables for waveform, load ratio and frequency is evaluated for red maple wood–phenolic fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite bonded interface. Experiments are performed with a contoured double cantilever beam (CDCB) specimen under load control, and the crack propagation rate is obtained by the compliance method. Three groups of tests are performed to study the effects of waveform, load ratio and frequency on crack propagation rate. In addition, the modified load shedding technique is used to explore the fatigue threshold and the load ratio effect on fatigue threshold. The tests are carried out under constant amplitude cyclic loading at room temperature and laboratory conditions. The results indicate that while waveform has negligible effect, both load ratio and frequency have significant effects on crack propagation rate of the bonded interfaces. A modified Paris Law model is proposed to include both load ratio and frequency effects. The dependence of the threshold strain energy release rate range, Δ G th , on load ratio is explained effectively by the crack closure concept.
Arrayed time-of-flight mass spectrometry for time-critical detection of hazardous agents.

The design and operation of an arrayed time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer for simultaneous data acquisition from multiple samples is described. Versions of the instrument employ sets of two or four linear or reflectron mass analyzers. They are housed in the same vacuum chamber and utilize the same laser for ion desorption. Instrument performance is illustrated in the example of a two-linear-mass-analyzer array using MALDI-MS for mixtures of commercially available proteins as well as intact microorganisms. We also describe the properties of a novel short delay time (<170 ns) pulsed extraction method for linear TOF analyzers. This configuration allows uniform resolution improvements to be achieved in a wide m/z range. In addition, we present multiplexed sample preparation methods, using different reagents prior to mass analysis in the arrayed system, to increase the overall sensitivity of the MS method and to allow wider and more efficient detection across the entire range of potentially hazardous agent...
Assessing Participation in the Milk Income Loss Contract Program and its Impact on Milk Production

Abstract The Milk Income Loss Contract (MILC) program, a counter-cyclical income support program, was designed to provide price support to dairy farmers. Since the inception of the MILC program, large dairy producers have expressed concerns that the MILC payments have negatively affected their farming income. They argue that the program is not only inefficient but rewards inefficiency by keeping small, high-cost dairy farms in business. Using farm-level ARMS data from 2005, this study investigated the factors that affect farmers’ decisions to participate in the MILC program and if participation in MILC has an impact on milk production. The results show that participation in the MILC program is positively correlated with farmers’ educational attainment, organic certification subsidy, milk price, off-farm work by spouses, and financial record keeping. Further, medium-sized dairy farms are more likely to participate in MILC program. Finally, results indicate that participation in MILC program has a positive impact on milk production.
Inhibition of Hypertension by Peripheral Administration of Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides

We administered liposome-encapsulated antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeted to angiotensinogen mRNA peripherally to spontaneously hypertensive rats to test whether peripheral angiotensinogen reduction would lower their hypertensive blood pressures and to determine the role of peripheral angiotensinogen in the modulation of hypertension. Using in vitro translation techniques, we tested the sequence specificity of the antisense sequence. The selected antisense sequence decreased angiotensinogen production in vitro, enabling us to distinguish between specific and nonspecific effects. To increase the efficiency of peripheral and hepatic antisense delivery, oligonucleotides were liposome encapsulated for intra-arterial administration. Confocal microscopy was used for determination of the hepatic distribution of fluorescently labeled antisense. Encapsulated antisense molecules were seen to be distributed within liver tissue 1 hour after injection; however, little or no uptake was observed with the unencapsulated oligonucleotides. We also determined the physiological effects of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeted to liver angiotensinogen mRNA. Administration of liposome-encapsulated antisense significantly decreased hypertensive blood pressures to normotensive levels compared with scrambled control oligonucleotides, unencapsulated antisense, and empty liposomes ( P =.013). These data were supported by biochemical changes elicited by the antisense treatment. Rats receiving liposome-encapsulated antisense had significantly lowered peripheral angiotensinogen and angiotensin II levels compared with control groups ( P
Space station electric power system requirements and design

An overview of the conceptual definition and design of the space station Electric Power System (EPS) is given. Responsibilities for the design and development of the EPS are defined. The EPS requirements are listed and discussed, including average and peak power requirements, contingency requirements, and fault tolerance. The most significant Phase B trade study results are summarized, and the design selections and rationale are given. Finally, the power management and distribution system architecture is presented.
Optimal two-finger squeezing of deformable objects

This paper gives an in-depth analysis of two-finger squeeze grasping of deformable objects introduced in our previous work [6] with a focus on two special classes: stable squeezes, which minimize the potential energy of the system among squeezes of the same magnitude, and pure squeezes, which eliminate all possible Euclidean motions from the resulting deformations. Next, the paper characterizes the best resistance by a grasp to an adversary finger under known translation, as the one that minimizes the work done by the grasping fingers. An optimization scheme is offered to deal with the general case of frictional segment contact. Simulation and experimental results are presented.
BMP7 and SHH regulate Pax2 in mouse retinal astrocytes by relieving TLX repression

Pax2 is essential for development of the neural tube, urogenital system, optic vesicle, optic cup and optic tract. In the eye, Pax2 deficiency is associated with coloboma, a loss of astrocytes in the optic nerve and retina, and abnormal axonal pathfinding of the ganglion cell axons at the optic chiasm. Thus, appropriate expression of Pax2 is essential for astrocyte determination and differentiation. Although BMP7 and SHH have been shown to regulate Pax2 expression, the molecular mechanism by which this regulation occurs is not well understood. In this study, we determined that BMP7 and SHH activate Pax2 expression in mouse retinal astrocyte precursors in vitro. SHH appeared to play a dual role in Pax2 regulation; 1) SHH may regulate BMP7 expression, and 2) the SHH pathway cooperates with the BMP pathway to regulate Pax2 expression. BMP and SHH pathway members can interact separately or together with TLX, a repressor protein in the tailless transcription factor family. Here we show that the interaction of both pathways with TLX relieves the repression of Pax2 expression in mouse retinal astrocytes. Together these data reveal a new mechanism for the cooperative actions of signaling pathways in astrocyte determination and differentiation and suggest interactions of regulatory pathways that are applicable to other developmental programs.
Spectral Types for Four OGLE-III Transit Candidates: Could These Be Planets?

We present spectral types for OGLE (Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment) transiting planet candidates OGLE-TR-134 through 137 based on low-resolution spectra taken at Kitt Peak. Our main objective is to aid those planning radial velocity monitoring of transit candidates. We obtain spectral types with an accuracy of 2 spectral subtypes, along with tentative luminosity classifications. Combining the spectral types with light-curve fits to the OGLE transit photometry, and with Two Micron All Sky Survey counterparts in two cases, we conclude that OGLE-TR-135 and 137 are not planetary transits, while OGLE-TR-134 and 136 are good candidates and should be observed with precision radial velocity monitoring to determine whether the companions are of planetary mass. OGLE-TR-135 is ruled out chiefly because a discrepancy between the stellar parameters obtained from the transit fit and those inferred from the spectra indicates that the system is a blend. OGLE-TR-137 is ruled out because the depth of the transit combined with the spectral type of the star indicates that the transiting object is stellar. OGLE-TR-134 and 136, if unblended main-sequence stars, are each orbited by a transiting object with radius below 1.4 RJ. The caveats are that our luminosity classification suggests that OGLE-TR-134 could be a giant (and therefore a blend), while OGLE-TR-136 shows a (much smaller) discrepancy of the same form as OGLE-TR-135, which may indicate that the system is a blend. However, since our luminosity classifications are uncertain at best, and the OGLE-TR-136 discrepancy can be explained if the primary is a slightly anomalous main-sequence star, the stars remain good candidates.
Learning and using science ideas when doing investigate‐and‐redesign tasks: A study of naive, novice, and expert designers doing constrained and scaffolded design work

This study reports on what naive, novice, and expert designers do and learn when investigating simple mechanical devices and then planning their redesign. Participating in the study were 32 high school and adult subjects who did two investigate-and-redesign (I&R) tasks. Same gender pairs of subjects with similar design experiences explored, analyzed, and evaluated different brands of a device, designed experiments to compare them, and then proposed their redesign. Each two-hour session was videotaped, and portions were analyzed using methods adapted from protocol analysis techniques. Results suggest that when naive designers do I&R tasks, their learning is highly contextualized and device-specific. Naive designers made few connections from their work to key science ideas, and instead used mechanical advantage preconceptions that they did not spontaneously redress during the I&R sequence. Experts made connections to concepts and cases, inferred key design decisions, and sought “critical design problems” for the devices studied. All groups used strategies involving analysis more than those involving synthesis or evaluation. Notably, during conceptual design, opportunities for using science, present especially when subjects analyze design ideas, went underutilized by nonexpert designers. Scaffolded questions are needed to focus the learning of science embedded in design-oriented activities. All findings reported are tentative, given the limited number of cases included in this study. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 791–820, 2001
Anthropogenic fires and local livelihoods at Chyulu Hills, Kenya

Anthropogenic fires are rife in rural Africa as people use fire to modify landscapes for their livelihoods. Although burning occurs as a significant traditional resource management practice and shows ecological advantages, human set fires are viewed by conservation authorities as destructive and a cause for environmental degradation. This study gains local perspective from three Kamba and three Maasai villages around Chyulu Hills on why fires are used and their influence on land resources and local livelihoods. Between June and July 2012, 12 focus group discussions and 6 transect walks were conducted with men and women Kamba and Maasai participants. They reported 22 reasons why they use fires, concurring on its important role in the management of grazing lands and, especially for the Kamba, in relation to resource extraction activities. Their narratives clarify differences between the ethnic groups, by gender, across seasons, and through time. Employing an applied research design that supports adaptive collaborative management (ACM), the study validates local knowledge on fire management and promotes opportunities for shared learning between park managers and local populations that are viewed critical toward better environmental conservation and livelihood security around Chyulu Hills National Park.
Microcephaly and Mental Subnormality in Chronic Progressive Spinal Muscular Atrophy of Childhood

SUMMARY A wide variety of clinical manifestations are encountered in the various forms of progressive spinal muscular atrophy of childhood. The family reported here illustrates the relatively slowly progressive form of this disease. The presence of mental subnormality and microcephaly in this family is an unusual finding. Electromyographic and or muscle biopsy evidence of a neuropathic lesion is necessary to substantiate the diagnosis and to differentiate this disorder from several other diseases with similar clinical manifestations. RESUME Microcephalie et subnormalite mentale dans l'atrophie musculaire rachidienne progressive chronique de l'enfance Une grande variete de manifestations cliniques se rencontrent dans les diverses formes de l'atrophie musculaire rachidienne progressive de l'enfance. La famille decrite sert a illustrer la progression relativement lente d'une forme de la maladie. La presence de subnormalite mentale et de microcephalie n'est pas commune dans cette famille. L'evidence d'une lesion neuropathique par electromyographic et ou par biopsie musculaire est indispensable pour etablir le diagnostic et pour differencier ce desordre de plusieurs autres maladies avec des manifestations cliniques similaires. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Mikrozephalie und geistige Minderbemitteltheit bei chronischer, fortschreitender spinaler Muskel-A trophie in der Kindheit Einer grossen Varietat klinischer Manifestationen begegnet man in den verschiedenen Formen von progressiver, spinaler Muskel-Atrophie in der Kindheit. Anhand einer davon betroffenen Familie wird der verhaltnismassig langsame Fortschritt dieser Krankheit erlautert. Das Auftreten geistiger Minderbemittltheit und Mikrozephalie ist in dieser Familie ungewohnlich. Elektromyographie und oder durch Muskel-Biopsie erhaltener Beweis einer neuro-pathischen Lasion ist nortwendig um die Diagnose zu begrunden und diese Krankheit-sstorung von anderen Kiankheiten mit ahnlichen klinischen Manifestationen zu unterscheiden. RESUMEN Microcefalia y subnormalidad mental en la atrofia muscular espinal cronica y progresiva en ninos Se encuentran muchas manifestaciones clinicas distintas en los varios tipos de atrofia muscular espinal cronica y progresiva en ninos. Una familia implicada sirve para ilustrar la forma de esta enfermedad que progresa relativamente despacio. La presencia de subnormalidad mental y de microcefalia en esta familia es un hallazgo poco comun. Es necesario buscar evidencia electromiografica o hacer una biopsia muscular para verificar el diagnostico y para diferenciar esta enfermedad de varias otras que tienen manifestaciones clinicas parecidas.
Spirituality: Creating meaning and purpose for students the corporate way

“Although American higher education can justifiably take pride in its capacity to develop the student's ability to manipulate the material world through its programs in science, medicine, technology, and commerce, it has paid relatively little attention to the student's “inner” development—the sphere of values and beliefs, emotional maturity, moral development, spirituality, and self-understanding.” —from the Foreword to Encouraging Authenticity and Spirituality in Higher Education by Alexander W. Astin and Helen S. Astin
The physics of the high-resolution scanning microscope

The high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscope has significantly different characteristics from the conventional electron microscope. The process of producing images is in itself quite different but most significantly it is a quantitative instrument which is capable of providing numerical data on the properties of thin specimens. The author discusses the physics involved in the design and operation of the instrument. He has made little attempt to give details in particular designs because such details already appear in the literature. Instead emphasis is placed on the capabilities and limitations of the instrument and give some ideas of the direction of future developments.
Expression of the pro-apoptotic gene gadd153/chop is elevated in liver with aging and sensitizes cells to oxidant injury.

Aging is generally accompanied by reduced tolerance to oxidative stress and altered responsiveness to proliferative signals. We have shown that hepatocytes derived from aged rats (24–26 months) exhibit greater sensitivity to H2O2 treatment and reduced proliferation following epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment than cells of young adult rats (5–6 months). Here we examined the effects of aging and calorie restriction (CR) on expression of the oxidative stress-inducible and pro-apoptotic gene gadd153(chop) in these hepatocytes, and we investigated its influence on sensitivity to oxidants. We show that aging was associated with elevated expression of gadd153, both basally and in response to H2O2 treatment. CR, which attenuates age-associated declines in stress tolerance, prevented the age-related increase in gadd153 expression. EGF treatment also resulted in gadd153 induction in old cells. This effect was absent in young cells and in old cells of CR rats.gadd153 induction by EGF was reactive oxygen species-dependent and correlated with heightened sensitivity to subsequent H2O2 treatment, suggesting that elevated Gadd153 contributes to the greater sensitivity of EGF-pretreated old cells to oxidative stress. Additional support for this hypothesis was provided by experiments with Rat1 fibroblasts in which conditional expression of Gadd153 conferred increased sensitivity to H2O2. We propose a model whereby the diminished ability of old hepatocytes to overcome an EGF-triggered reactive oxygen species load leads to induction of the proapoptotic gene gadd153, which, in turn, sensitizes the cells to oxidant injury. Our findings point to gadd153 expression levels as an important factor in liver aging.
Remote robotic countermine systems

QinetiQ North America (QNA) has approximately 27 years experience in the mine/countermine mission area. Our expertise covers mine development, detection, and neutralization and has always been intertwined with deployment of remote robotic systems. Our countermine payload systems have been used to detect limpet mines on ship hulls, antiassault mines in shallow water and littoral zones and currently for clearance and render safe of land-based routes. In our talk, we will address the challenges encountered in addressing the ongoing countermine mission over a diverse range of operational scenarios, environmental conditions and strategic priorities.
Effects of temperature and food on incubation behaviour of the northern mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos

Avian incubation behaviour is thought to be influenced mainly by ambient temperature and food availability. Field studies, however, have generated contradictory results; there is little agreement about the relative importance of food and temperature and how different components of incubation behaviour are affected by them. To date, no studies have manipulated both food availability and nest temperature in a controlled experiment, making it impossible to assess any potential interaction between food and temperature. We experimentally increased both food availability and ambient temperature during incubation in the northern mockingbird. Our results show that both food availability and temperature influence incubation behaviour. Increasing food availability enabled females to spend more time on the nest and in self-maintenance activities when off the nest. Increasing nest temperature caused females to spend less time incubating and to make more trips to and from the nest. When both food and temperature were increased, their effects on incubation time offset each other. These changes in incubation patterns had little effect on fitness, although embryo mass was lowest in the treatment in which only heat was increased, suggesting that heat may stress embryos, but not when extra food is also provided. Perhaps the reason previous studies have yielded contradictory results is that food and temperature offset each other in complex ways that could obscure their individual effects. Indeed, our experiment shows that food and temperature both affect avian incubation behaviour, but that different trade-offs apply to each environmental factor.
Stage A2 prostatic carcinoma Should staging system be reclassified

Seventy patients with clinically localized prostatic carcinoma were studied for histologic differentiation of primary tumor and the incidence of lymph node metastasis. Also the urologic literature was reviewed regarding the survival of such patients under similar treatment. The results indicate that clinically staged A2 tumors are more aggressive biologically than tumors staged as B1, reaffirming the need for a change in the current staging system. The authors propose reclassification of clinically unsuspected, diffuse carcinoma from the A to the B2 stage.
ANALYSIS OF STELLAR POPULATIONS AT LARGE LOOKBACKS

The capabilities of optimizing spectral synthesis for interpretation of stellar populations are reviewed with emphasis on the growing evidence that the light of nearby E/SO galaxies and Sb bulges is dominated by a population significantly younger than expected from the study of globular cluster color-magnitude diagrams. The implications of these results for the study of high redshift galaxies are considered. The observational requirements and analytical tools necessary for proper interpretation of populations in galaxies viewed at large lookbacks are discussed in the context of the capabilities of the Hubble Space Telescope and the 10-m telescope.
Learning to Transform and Select Elementary Trees for Improved Syntax-based Machine Translations

We propose a novel technique of learning how to transform the source parse trees to improve the translation qualities of syntax-based translation models using synchronous context-free grammars. We transform the source tree phrasal structure into a set of simpler structures, expose such decisions to the decoding process, and find the least expensive transformation operation to better model word reordering. In particular, we integrate synchronous binarizations, verb regrouping, removal of redundant parse nodes, and incorporate a few important features such as translation boundaries. We learn the structural preferences from the data in a generative framework. The syntax-based translation system integrating the proposed techniques outperforms the best Arabic-English unconstrained system in NIST-08 evaluations by 1.3 absolute BLEU, which is statistically significant.
Vector fields with transverse foliations, II

When does a non-singular flow on a 3-manifold have a 2-dimensional foliation everywhere transverse to it? A complete answer is given for a large class of flows, those with 1-dimensional hyperbolic chain recurrent set. We find a simple necessary and sufficient condition on the linking of periodic orbits of the flow.
Systemic Antioxidants and Lung Function in Asthmatics during High Ozone Season: A Closer Look at Albumin, Glutathione, and Associations with Lung Function

Background Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease with episodic symptoms of wheezing, chest tightness, cough, and shortness of breath. High ambient ozone levels have been associated with increased airway inflammation and asthma morbidity in prior studies. Mechanisms underlying individual susceptibility to asthma exacerbations from poor air quality are not fully understood. Objective As part of a panel observational study, we hypothesized that systemic antioxidant ability and antioxidant status may be associated with more stable asthma during high ozone season. Methods: A cross sectional study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant profile in systemic circulation and its associations with clinical parameters in asthmatics and healthy controls during three summers in Atlanta, Georgia. Results In this panel of individuals with and without asthma, we found that although systemic glutathione levels were not different between the groups, serum albumin was significantly lower in the asthmatic group. Albumin also significantly correlated with lung function (%FEV1) and asthma quality of life scores. In a subgroup tested, plasma reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were associated with worse airways obstruction. Conclusion Antioxidants GSH and albumin may have a role in maintaining lung function and asthma stability during times of poor ambient air quality. Clin Trans Sci 2014; Volume #: 1–5
A revision of the nearctic Optioservus (Coleoptera: Elmidae), with descriptions of new species

Abstract Previous works on the nearctic Optioservus have relied on extremely variable external characters making specific identifications quite difficult. This revision is based on male genitalia, elytral patterns and shape, and geographic distribution. Keys and descriptions are presented for thirteen species: O.browni sp.n., O.canus, O.castanipennis, O.divergens [=pecosensissyn.n.], O.fastiditus, O.heteroclitussp.n., O.immunis [=cryophilussyn.n.], O.ovalis [=ampliatussyn.n.], O.phaeussp.n., O.quadrimaculatus, O.sandersoni [=ozarkensissyn.n.], O. seriatus, O.trivittatus.
FLUIDIZED‐BED SYSTEM FOR WHEY PROTEIN FILM COATING OF PEANUTS

Complete peanut-surface coverage and strong adhesion are necessary for whey protein-based oxygen barrier coatings to be totally effective in reducing the oxidative rancidity of peanuts. Peanuts coated with a fluidizedbed coating system attained practically complete coverage, and coating efficiency results were consistent and reproducible. Addition of surfactant to the coating solution improved whey protein coating efficiency on blanched/ roasted peanuts coated with a bench-scale fluidized-bed coating system. A lower level of surfactant addition to the coating solution was required to attain complete coverage, compared with previous studies on dip coating and pan coating of peanuts. Addition of surfactant to the coating solution and peanut preroughening both imparted good coating adhesion for fluidized-bed-coated peanuts. Compared with pan coating, fluidized-bed coating required application of a greater amount of coating solution because of the loss of coating solution to the fluidized-bed column wall during spraying. Overall, fluidizedbed coating required a shorter processing time and provided the peanuts with better coating efficiency and adhesion. These results suggest that a fluidizedbed coating system is a viable alternative coating process for whey protein coating of peanuts.
The Kinetics of Cometabolism

Experimental observations indicate that the rates of cometabolic transformation are linked to the consumption of growth substrate during growth and to the consumption of cell mass and/or energy substrate in the absence of growth substrate. Three previously proposed models (models 1 through 3) describing the kinetics of cometabolism by resting cells are compared, and the interrelationships and underlying assumptions for these models are explored. Models 1 to 3 are shown to converge at high concentrations of the nongrowth substrate. An expression describing nongrowth substrate transformation in the presence of growth substrate is proposed, and this expression is integrated with an expression for cell growth to give a single unstructured model (model 4) that encompasses models 1 to 3 and describes cometabolism by both resting and growing cells. Model 4 couples transformation of nongrowth substrate to consumption of growth substrate and biomass, and predicts that cometabolism will result, and decreased specific growth rates for a cometabolizing population. Competitive inhibition can also be incorporated in the model. Experimental aspects of model calibration and verification are discussed. The need for models that distinguish between the exhaustion of cell activity and cell death is emphasized. © 1993 Wiley & Sons, Inc.
J. S. Mill and Indian Education

J. S. Mill's role in the Indian education controversy is well known, but scarcely well understood. That he drafted, in 1836, a despatch sharply critical of Macaulay's infamous Minute on Indian Education, is general knowledge now. That in drafting the despatch Mill drew upon the ideas of H. H. Wilson, a noted Orientalist and sharp critic of Macaulay and the Anglicists, has been adequately demonstrated. That the despatch was never sent to India, because of the objections of the President of the Board of Trade, John Hobhouse, a Whig with some utilitarian connections, has been common knowledge for several decades.
A steganographic scheme for secure communications based on the chaos and euler Theorem

Steganography has been proposed as a methodology for transmitting messages through innocuous covers to conceal their existence. This work proposes an asymmetric image steganographic method based on a chaotic dynamic system and the Euler theorem. The hidden message can be recovered using orbits different from the embedding orbits, and the original image is not required to extract the hidden message. Experimental results and discussions reveal that the proposed scheme possesses security, imperceptibility and survivability.
Conference on Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Health and Disease

The Conference on Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Cardiovascular Health and Disease, sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), was held in Bethesda, Md, November 6-7, 1995. This important meeting addressed a topic of great timeliness and interest to those of us who are concerned with public health in the United States. Participants at the conference were given the following charge: (1) to review existing knowledge of biological, behavioral, and social factors related to SES variations in cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality and their trends, particularly with respect to minorities; (2) to identify scientific information that is ready for transfer to healthcare professionals and the public to improve the cardiovascular health of the country; and (3) to determine future opportunities and needs for research on SES factors and their relationships with cardiovascular health and disease. A Chartbook of U.S. National Data on Socioeconomic Status and Cardiovascular Health and Disease served as background to the conference. The product of more than 2 years of work by a number of distinguished nonfederal scientists and representatives of the NHLBI, the National Center for Health Statistics, and the Health Care Financing Administration, the Chartbook is unique in its wealth of US national data about race-, sex-, and age-specific associations between SES and CVD. The full text (no graphics) of the conference report is available on the NHLBI Gopher (gopher://gopher.nhlbi.nih.gov:70/1). A printed copy can be obtained from Judy Corbett, NHLBI, Bldg 31, Room 5A06, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Dr, MSC 2482, Bethesda, MD 20892-2482. As the report indicates, current knowledge and understanding of the behavioral, social, psychological, and biological pathways through which SES influences CVD remain limited. To clarify the association between SES and CVD, a number of approaches must be vigorously pursued to acquire new scientific information, validate therapeutic …
HHMMiR: efficient de novo prediction of microRNAs using hierarchical hidden Markov models

MicroRNA s (miRNAs) are small non-coding single-stranded RNAs (20–23 nts) that are known to act as post-transcriptional and translational regulators of gene expression. Although, they were initially overlooked, their role in many important biological processes, such as development, cell differentiation, and cancer has been established in recent times. In spite of their biological significance, the identification of miRNA genes in newly sequenced organisms is still based, to a large degree, on extensive use of evolutionary conservation, which is not always available. We have developed HHMMiR, a novel approach for de novo miRNA hairpin prediction in the absence of evolutionary conservation. Our method implements a Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model (HHMM) that utilizes region-based structural as well as sequence information of miRNA precursors. We first established a template for the structure of a typical miRNA hairpin by summarizing data from publicly available databases. We then used this template to develop the HHMM topology. Our algorithm achieved average sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 88%, on 10-fold cross-validation of human miRNA precursor data. We also show that this model, trained on human sequences, works well on hairpins from other vertebrate as well as invertebrate species. Furthermore, the human trained model was able to correctly classify ~97% of plant miRNA precursors. The success of this approach in such a diverse set of species indicates that sequence conservation is not necessary for miRNA prediction. This may lead to efficient prediction of miRNA genes in virtually any organism.