cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aging, Body Image, and Body Shape

Participants were 25 older men (M age = 72 years, SD = 10 years) and 27 older women (M age = 71 years, SD = 8 years) who examined multiple line-drawing figures of babies, children, young adults, middle-aged adults, and older adults. Participants picked a number on a Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (very thin) to 9 (very obese) in response to questions including "Which is the most attractive?" and "Which figure would you most like to look like?" They also completed questionnaires about their body image and body shape. In response to the age-specific line drawings (e.g., those depicting older men and older women), older women endorsed thinner figures (e.g., picked smaller numbers) than did men. Likewise, older women reported thinking more about their body shape and appearance than did men and perceived their body image as "a little too big" in comparison with the older men who perceived their body image as "just the right size." However, a breakdown of normal and overweight women in this sample revealed that for some overweight elderly women, obesity could become a satisfactory way of life. Much as with college-aged women, the endorsement of a thinner body image by many of the older adult female participants appeared to persist into late adulthood and suggests that research into body image issues with older adults is relevant and necessary.
Alterations in amphetamine stereotypy following acute lesions of Substantia nigra

Abstract Stereotypy induced by high doses of amphetamine has been related to the ability of this drug to increase the release of dopamine in the caudate nucleus and to block its reuptake. Since amphetamine-stimulated dopamine release in the caudate is blocked by acute lesions of the nigrostriatial pathway, the mechanism by which amphetamine acts to produce sterotypy may be dependent upon intact nigrostriatal impulse flow. The present study examined the involvement of nigro-striatal impulse flow in amphetamine stereotypy by determining the effect of acute, bilateral lesions of substantia nigra pars compacta on measures of stimulant-induced stereotypy and motility. Acute nigral lesions did not significantly alter the stereotypy or motility induced by 3.0 or 6.0 mg/kg amphetamine. These results suggest that the observed behavioral effects of amphetamine do not require an intact nigrostriatal pathway, and thus may involve changes in spontaneous release or reuptake of dopamine rather than in changes in impulse-coupled dopamine release.
A post‐retail consumer application of RFID in medical supply chains

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to investigate the feasibility of using radio frequency identification (RFID) total asset visibility technologies for post‐consumer monitoring and ordering of medical supplies.Design/methodology/approach – A laboratory experiment in a consumer context was designed. This involved the application of RFID tag technology for glucose monitoring and supply management.Findings – It was found that embedded RFID monitoring of blood glucose levels can be used to effectively monitor and help manage patient care. An integrated system of monitoring and management with an effective medical supply chain information system is presented.Research limitations/implications – The laboratory study provides initial validation of the merits of the approach. Extensive human field‐testing would still be required prior to any strong inference about the viability of the technology in this application.Practical implications – The findings provide a directly relevant system design template for hom...
Element-specific spin and orbital moments in Fe1-xVx alloys

Abstract We present transmission-mode X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements of element-specific magnetic moments for Fe and V at the L 2 , 3 edges in polycrystalline Fe 1 - x V x ultrathin films. We find that the orbital-to-spin moment ratio of Fe does not change within experimental error. The V XMCD is not very informative, and a nearly pure-spin type V impurity moment ( ∼ 1.0 μ B / atom , antiparallel to the Fe host moment) is assumed to match known magnetization data. Data are further reduced to a two-sublattice model and found to be compatible with known spectroscopic splitting g -factor data in the alloy. The results confirm that the very low Gilbert damping, attained through the introduction of V into epitaxial Fe 1 - x V x films and found by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), does not result from the reduction of orbital moment content in the alloy.
Achieving excellent electro-optic activity and thermal stability in poled polymers through an expeditious crosslinking process

A series of highly efficient and thermally stable electro-optic (EO) polymers have been developed by poling and crosslinking in situ the blend of high glass-transition temperature (Tg) anthracene-containing polymers and acrylate-functionalized dendritic nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores. By molecular engineering of the shape, nonlinearity, Tg, and crosslinking moieties of the chromophores and polymers, the resultant materials showed significantly enhanced EO activities (r33 values as high as 126 pm V−1 at 1310 nm) and alignment stability (up to 200 °C). Poling efficiency of these EO polymers could be improved by 35–50% by using simplified lattice hardening and poling protocols. The combined good processability, large EO activities, and high temperature stability endow these materials as promising candidates for device exploration in the CMOS-based photonics.
Laissez-faire file sharing: access control designed for individuals at the endpoints

When organizations deploy file systems with access control mechanisms that prevent users from reliably sharing files with others, these users will inevitably find alternative means to share. Alas, these alternatives rarely provide the same level of confidentiality, integrity, or auditability provided by the prescribed file systems. Thus, the imposition of restrictive mechanisms and policies by system designers and administrators may actually reduce the system's security.We observe that the failure modes of file systems that enforce centrally-imposed access control policies are similar to the failure modes of centrally planned economies: individuals either learn to circumvent these restrictions as matters of necessity or desert the system entirely, subverting the goals behind the central policy.We formalize requirements for laissez-faire sharing, which parallel the requirements of free market economies, to better address the file sharing needs of information workers. Because individuals are less likely to feel compelled to circumvent systems that meet these laissez-faire requirements, such systems have the potential to increase both productivity and security.
Triangle diagrams: ternary graphs to display similarity and diversity of earthquake focal mechanisms

Abstract This paper presents a new method for displaying focal mechanisms — plotting them on a ternary graph or ‘triangle diagram’ where the vertices represent normal, thrust, and strike-slip focal mechanisms. This method also provides a natural way for determining the relative proportions of thrust, normal, and strike-slip motion for any particular earthquake focal mechanism.
“Simple febrile seizures plus (SFS +)”: More than one febrile seizure within 24 hours is usually okay

This study aimed to investigate whether children with recurrent febrile seizures within a 24-hour period need to be worked up differently from children with simple febrile seizures. Inclusion criteria included the following: (i) children with first seizure cluster between 4 months and 3 years of age, (ii) children who had more than one febrile seizure within 24 hours, and (iii) children who returned to baseline between and after each event. Thirty-two patients met the inclusion criteria over a 3-year period. All patients underwent brain CT and/or MRI and EEG. All head CTs were normal. Two children had abnormal MRI findings - both benign: one is thought to represent postictal changes, and the other one is an incidental arachnoid cyst. Of the 4 abnormal EEGs, one showed epileptiform discharges, while the others showed generalized ictal or postictal features. We propose the term "simple febrile seizures plus (SFS+)" to describe children who have more than one seizure within 24 hours but who are otherwise not different in presentation from children with SFS.
Middle School Mathematics Teachers' Beliefs About Inclusion of Students with Learning Disabilities

The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate middle school general education mathematics teachers' beliefs and self-perceived knowledge regarding teaching students with learning disabilities (LD) in inclusive classrooms. Teacher beliefs regarding administrative support and higher education teacher preparation were also examined. The Survey on Teaching Mathematics to Students With Learning Disabilities in Middle School was completed by 228 sixth-, seventh-, and eighth-grade general education mathematics inclusion teachers from 19 states. In addition, telephone interviews were conducted with a subset of 26 survey respondents. Frequency analyses were performed on the survey data, with χ2 tests comparing teachers on demographic variables. Follow-up interview responses were summarized to elaborate on the major research questions. The findings revealed three central issues: (1) teachers had a limited understanding of the mathematics learning needs of students with LD, (2) teacher collaboration was judged to be the most beneficial and available resource by general educators teaching students with LD in inclusive mathematics classrooms, and (3) teachers did not feel that teacher education programs at the preservice level and professional development at the inservice level were adequate in preparing them for teaching students with LD in inclusive mathematics classrooms. Implications and recommendations for teacher preparation and program implementation are provided.
Modeling of cryogenic capacitance-voltage (C-V) profiling for the determination of minority doping concentration in blocked impurity band (BIB) detector structures

Abstract A finite difference model is used to simulate the low temperature capacitance–voltage (C–V) profiling technique used for the measurement of minority dopant concentrations in the active layer to blocked impurity band detectors. The numerical modeling provides a complete description of the space charge distribution throughout the entire multilayer device and its response to voltage modulation during C–V profiling. C–V profiles are calculated for a range of doping gradients between the heavily doped active layer and the high purity blocking layer. We observe a range of non-linear behavior in the C–V profile with increasing gradient. This can result in an over-estimation of the minority doping in the active layer when applying standard analytical expressions that do not include distributed space charge effects in the data analysis.
Correlates of Placing a High Value on Love

In the Survey of Values (Rokeach, 1973), subjects rank 18 values from most important to least important. One of these values is mature love (sexual and spiritual intimacy). In this series of studies on college students aged 18 to 22 yr., correlates of rhe ranking of mature love were sought. (1) Thirty-eight men and 20 women in social science courses (MI,. = 20.0 yr.; SD = 1.3) were given the Survey of Values and a measure of a rational attitude to love (Knox & Sporakowski, 1968): The ranking of the value of mature love was not related to sex (point biserial r = 0.17), age ( r = 0.01), whether the person was presently in love ( r = -0.07), or the rationality of their attitudes toward love ( r = 0.04). Men who had been in love in the past ranked mature love higher than those who had not been in love in the past (point biserial r = -0.32, one-tailed p < 0.05). (All the women had been in love in the past.)' ( 2 ) Twenry-five men and 25 women in psychology courses (M.,. = 20.4 yr., SD = 1.1) were given the Survey of Values, a measure of self-esteem (Rosenbaum, 1966), and a measure of healthy love (Dietch, 1978).' The ranking of the value of mature love was not related to sex (point biserial r = -0.12). age ( r = -0.07), whether the person was presently in love ( r = -0.09), whether the person had ever been in love ( r = -0.23) self-esteem ( r = 0.07), or having a healthy attitude toward love ( r = 0.14).' No correlates of the ranking of mature love on the Survey of Values were identified.
Longitudinal Evaluation of Fatty Acid Metabolism in Normal and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Hearts with Dynamic MicroSPECT Imaging

The goal of this project is to develop radionuclide molecular imaging technologies using a clinical pinhole SPECT/CT scanner to quantify changes in cardiac metabolism using the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) as a model of hypertensive-related pathophysiology. This paper quantitatively compares fatty acid metabolism in hearts of SHR and Wistar-Kyoto normal rats as a function of age and thereby tracks physiological changes associated with the onset and progression of heart failure in the SHR model. The fatty acid analog, 123I-labeled BMIPP, was used in longitudinal metabolic pinhole SPECT imaging studies performed every seven months for 21 months. The uniqueness of this project is the development of techniques for estimating the blood input function from projection data acquired by a slowly rotating camera that is imaging fast circulation and the quantification of the kinetics of 123I-BMIPP by fitting compartmental models to the blood and tissue time-activity curves.
1213 LOSS OF APPETITE IN UREA CYCLE DISORDERS (UCD): THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES

Hyperammonemic animals have decreased food intake and increased serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxy indoleacetic acid (HIAA) in brain (Life Sci. 33: 2417, 1983). We have treated 2 anorectic children with UCD with precursor restriction and antiserotonergic drugs. A 7 yo. with argininosuccinic aciduria refused all oral feedings and had elevated levels of HIAA in CSF (78ng/ml). She responded to restriction of dietary tryptophan, Trp (7 vs. 34 mg/kg/d) with the onset of spontaneous food intake. She was then treated with the 5-HT receptor blocker cyproheptadine (Cyp), 0.3 mg/kg/d, while receiving 14 mg/kg/d Trp. Food intake during a 5 min. free feeding condition was increased under both of the low Trp conditions as compared to the high Trp condition. However, % of total daily calories consumed during free feeding, a measure of appetite, was higher in the low Trp + Cyp condition, 12.6 + 2.8%, than in the low Trp condition alone, 8.2 + 1.1%, p <.01 (df=ll) suggesting a synergistic effect of Trp restriction and Cyp. Pizotifen, another 5-HT receptor blocker reduced feeding time in a 7 mo. citrullinemic child from 180 to 130 min/d, p=.02 at a dose of 0.11 mg/kg/d and to 105 min/d at 0.17 mg/kg/d. Decreasing oral Trp from 29 to 15 mg/kg/d resulted in further improvement. In addition to good metabolic control, restriction of 5-HT precursors combined with antiserotonergic drugs may be useful in the treatment of appetite problems in UCD.
Evaluating the implementation of peer counseling in a church-based dietary intervention for African Americans.

Abstract Objective Body & Soul, an evidence-based nutrition program for African Americans churches, is currently being disseminated nationally and free of charge by the National Cancer Institute. For dissemination feasibility, the peer counseling training is done via DVD rather than by live trainers. We describe implementation and process evaluation of the peer counseling component under real world conditions. Methods The study sample included 11 churches (6 early intervention, 5 delayed intervention) in 6 states. Data sources included training observations, post-training debriefing sessions, coordinator interviews, and church participant surveys. Survey data analysis examined associations between exposure to peer counseling and change in dietary intake. Qualitative data were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Results Eight of 11 churches initiated the peer counseling program. Recall of talking with a peer counselor was associated with significantly ( p Conclusion Inconsistent implementation of the peer counseling intervention is likely to dilute program effectiveness in changing nutrition behaviors. Practice implications Disseminating evidence-based programs may require added resources, training, quality control, and technical assistance for improving program uptake. Similar to earlier research phases, systematic efforts at the dissemination phase are needed for program success.
SU-E-J-205: Monte Carlo Modeling of Ultrasound Probes for Real-Time Ultrasound Image-Guided Radiotherapy

Purpose: To quantify the effect of ultrasound (US) probe beam attenuation for radiation therapy delivered under real-time US image guidance by means of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Methods: MC models of two Philips US probes, an X6-1 matrix-array transducer and a C5-2 curved-array transducer, were built based on their CT images in the EGSnrc BEAMnrc and DOSXYZnrc codes. Due to the metal parts, the probes were scanned in a Tomotherapy machine with a 3.5 MV beam. Mass densities in the probes were assigned based on an electron density calibration phantom consisting of cylinders with mass densities between 0.2–8.0 g/cm{sup 3}. Beam attenuation due to the probes was measured in a solid water phantom for a 6 MV and 15 MV 15x15 cm{sup 2} beam delivered on a Varian Trilogy linear accelerator. The dose was measured with the PTW-729 ionization chamber array at two depths and compared to MC simulations. The extreme case beam attenuation expected in robotic US image guided radiotherapy for probes in upright position was quantified by means of MC simulations. Results: The 3.5 MV CT number to mass density calibration curve was found to be linear with R{sup 2} > 0.99. The maximum mass densities were 4.6more » and 4.2 g/cm{sup 3} in the C5-2 and X6-1 probe, respectively. Gamma analysis of the simulated and measured doses revealed that over 98% of measurement points passed the 3%/3mm criteria for both probes and measurement depths. The extreme attenuation for probes in upright position was found to be 25% and 31% for the C5-2 and X6-1 probe, respectively, for both 6 and 15 MV beams at 10 cm depth. Conclusion: MC models of two US probes used for real-time image guidance during radiotherapy have been built. As a Result, radiotherapy treatment planning with the imaging probes in place can now be performed. J Schlosser is an employee of SoniTrack Systems, Inc. D Hristov has financial interest in SoniTrack Systems, Inc.« less
Phenytoin kinetics in children

Infants and children taking phenytoin by mouth every 12 hr had relatively little fluctuations in serum levels measured every 4 hr after a dose. As the average level rose, the relative fluctuation in level was reduced, consistent with nonlinear elimination kinetics. Levels 8 hr after the dose had the least variability and were 104% of the average level over the 12-hr period.
Nuclear DNA content, allozyme phenotypes and metalaxyl sensitivity of Phytophthora infestans from Japan

Thirty isolates of Phytophthora infestans from all districts of Japan (15 of Al mating type and 15 of A2 mating type) were analyzed for nuclear DNA content (ploidy), allozymes and response to metalaxyl. Twenty-one isolates produced sufficient zoospores for analysis of nuclear DNA content; all Al mating type isolates were putative tetraploids, while A2 isolates were all putative triploids. Each mating type was strongly associated with specific phenotypes at the polymorphic allozyme loci Gpi (glucosephosphate isomerase) and Pep (peptidase). All A2 isolates had the phenotype Gpi 100/100 Pep 100/100, whereas the Al isolates were either Gpi 86/100 Pep 92/100 or Gpi 86/100 Pep 100/100. Metalaxyl resistance was only noted among isolates of A2 mating type. Our data suggest that the 1988 Japanese P. infestans population was likely comprised of two separate non-interbreeding subpopulations of opposite mating type.
Statistical significance tests for binormal ROC curves

Abstract Statistical significance tests are derived and evaluated for measuring apparent differences between an obtained and an expected binormal ROC curve, between two independent binormal ROC curves, and among groups of independent binormal ROC curves. A binormal ROC curve is described by two parameters which represent the spread of the means and the ratio of the standard deviations of the two underlying Gaussian decision variable distributions. To test the significance of apparent differences between or among ROC curves, approximate χ 2 statistics for each of the three tests were constructed from maximum likelihood estimates of the two parameters defining the binormal ROC curve. The performance of each test statistic was evaluated by simulating five-category rating scale data with equal numbers of noise and signal-plus-noise trials (set at 50, 250, and 500) for each of three typical ROC curves. For the significance test involving only one ROC curve, rating scale data were generated from the chance diagonal of the ROC space also. Although test performance was found to be somewhat dependent on the number of trials and on the location of the ROC curve in the ROC space, comparisons of the obtained and expected fractions of (falsely) significant results at various α levels showed the proposed statistical significance tests to be reliable under practical experimental conditions.
PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS IN THE MID-FORTIES PREDICT WOMEN’S SMOKING CESSATION IN THEIR MID-SIXTIES

This study examined whether personality characteristics measured when a woman is in her mid-40s can predict success in sustained smoking cessation 22 years later, when the woman is in her mid-60s. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted on data from a sample of 195 women (M ages 43 and 65, respectively), who were regular smokers and participated in a longitudinal study from 1983 to 2009. The results suggest that women who exhibited low self-control, high resistance to rules, impulsivity, and sensation seeking in their mid-40s were significantly less likely to succeed in quitting smoking for a period of 5 years or more by the time they reached their mid-60s. Addressing some personal characteristics in smoking cessation programs might enhance their effectiveness and success.
Information-theoretic analysis of product rotational-state distributions using a perturbation method.

Presently, quantal applications of atom\char21{}diatomic-molecule rearrangement collision processes to information-theoretic analysis have been limited to ab initio (exact close-coupling) methods. By taking into account symmetry consideration, a convenient expression for the analysis of rotational surprisal is deduced for the rearrangement collision process of H+${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}HD+D. The dependency of rotational surprisal on collision energy and initial (reactant) rotational quantum state is examined. From a simple distorted-wave perturbation approach we find the propensity of near-linear surprisal at low collision energies and of deviation from linearity at higher collision energies.
Development of a model for Parkinson's disease in sheep using unilateral intracarotid injection of MPTP via slow continuous infusion

Abstract The effects of unilateral intracarotid administration of MPTP (1- methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) in sheep were studied with the goal of producing a non-primate, large animal model of Parkinson's Disease. Adult female sheep were given an acute (over 30 min) of chronic (over 1 week) injection of MPTP (0.4–5.0 mg/kg) via the common carotid artery. Both methods produced parkinsonian-like behavior. Turning contralateral to the side of injection was induced by apomorphine (APO) in both groups. However, amphetamine (AMP) induced ipsilateral turning only in the chronic treatment group. Acute and chronic MPTP treatment resulted in a loss of substantia nigra tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (THIR) neurons with a significantly greater loss ipsilateral to the injection in each treatment group (acute p
Determination of the columnar electron content and the layer shape factor of the plasmasphere up to the plasmapause

Plasmaspheric columnar electron content determination up to plasmapause by ATS-3 beacon transmitter and combining differential Doppler frequency and Faraday rotation angle methods
Fully and partially frustrated simple-cubic Ising models: Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson theory

Ising models are studied, with frustration covering either only the $x\ensuremath{-}y$ planes, or all the planes of a simple-cubic lattice. The former reveals a two-component ($\mathrm{XY}$) order parameter subject to eightfold symmetry breaking. The latter has a four-component Hamiltonian with two fourth-order invariants. Renormalization-group analysis using $d=4\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ expansion indicates, respectively, $\mathrm{XY}$ criticality and, to order ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{2}$, a first-order transition. Two connected networks, one ordered and one disordered, can form in the fully frustrated system.
A comment on a theory of electron affinities

Abstract Simons and Smith have calculated electron affinities and ionization potentials through third order in the electronic interaction by invoking the equations of motion method. An alternative analysis of the order is offered here by expanding the denominator in their pseudoeigenvalue equation to generate a Rayleigh-Schrodinger-like perturbation expansion. It is shown that considering the off-diagonal terms in the self-energy denominator leads to terms not considered by Simons and Smith which are third order in the electronic interaction as counted in our expansion. The connection with the diagram methods of Cederbaum is made.
Reflex modulation in humans by monaural and binaural auditory stimulation

Eye blink reflexes were elicited by percutaneous stimulation of the supraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve in six human adults. On some trials the eliciting stimuli were preceded (100 msec before) by 1-kHz tone bursts delivered to one or to both ears at 30 dB or 90 dB SPL. The bilateral component of the reflex was inhibited by the tones, more so by monaural than binaural. The advantage of the monaural tone was more apparent at 90 dB, but it remained reliable at 30 dB. These data have some practical significance for using reflex modification procedures for audiometry. With other reports, they suggest that the degree of stimulus laterality is a perceptual attribute to which reflex control is sensitive.
Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Steroids on Mouse Embryonic Movements During Palatal Development

The frequency of spontaneous embryonic muscular movements was recorded for embryos from mice treated with cortisone or triamcinolone. Movement was significantly reduced in A/J strain mouse embryos exposed to these anti-inflammatory agents. Cleft palates induced by the drugs may originate from failure of the embryonic tongue to be withdrawn from between the palatine shelves.
Maxwell-systems with nonlinear polarization

We establish well-posedness results for a model describing the propagation of high-intensity electromagnetic waves in a nonlinear medium. The nonlinear material properties are represented by a nonlinear polarization in the form of a convolution. We also include some remarks on potential applications.
A randomized trial of teaching clinical skills using virtual and live standardized patients.

BACKGROUND: We developed computer-based virtual patient (VP) cases to complement an interactive continuing medical education (CME) course that emphasizes skills practice using standardized patients (SP). Virtual patient simulations have the significant advantages of requiring fewer personnel and resources, being accessible at any time, and being highly standardized. Little is known about the educational effectiveness of these new resources. We conducted a randomized trial to assess the educational effectiveness of VPs and SPs in teaching clinical skills. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of VP cases when compared with live SP cases in improving clinical skills and knowledge. DESIGN: Randomized trial. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-five health care providers (registered nurses 45%, physicians 15%, other provider types 40%) who attended a CME program. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomized to receive either 4 live cases (n=32) or 2 live and 2 virtual cases (n=23). Other aspects of the course were identical for both groups. RESULTS: Participants in both groups were equivalent with respect to pre-post workshop improvement in comfort level (P=.66) and preparedness to respond (P=.61), to screen (P=.79), and to care (P=.055) for patients using the skills taught. There was no difference in subjective ratings of effectiveness of the VPs and SPs by participants who experienced both (P=.79). Improvement in diagnostic abilities were equivalent in groups who experienced cases either live or virtually. CONCLUSIONS: Improvements in performance and diagnostic ability were equivalent between the groups and participants rated VP and SP cases equally. Including well-designed VPs has a potentially powerful and efficient place in clinical skills training for practicing health care workers.
A new, improved technique for automated sequencing of non-polar peptides.

Abstract A method for the automated sequential degradation of non-polar peptides is reported. Both the polarity and film-forming properties of these peptides are increased by the attachment of 2-amino-1,5 napthalene disulfonic acid to the C-terminal residue via a water-soluble carbodiimide. The sequences of three individual peptides modified by the procedure are reported with high yields while these same peptides could not be successfully sequenced if no modification was made.
Hubert H. Humphrey: The Politics of Joy.

Calls for greater morality in government and among politicians are a fixture of American political culture. Although there is no lack of opinion on what political morality means and how it might be achieved, few commentators have considered these questions in practical terms. In this major contemporary analysis of the life and work of Hubert H. Humphrey, Charles L. Garrettson examines Humphrey's career to provide an explanatory approach to the application of religious or moral principles to political practice. He does so without reducing this theme to sentiment or cynicism. Humphrey's life and career constituted a striking and often conflicted amalgam of personal idealism and political realism. His ideals came literally from Main Street, America and on them he rode straight to Washington, D.C. to fulfill an exalted and selfless dream of public service. His years there, however, coincided with one of the most significant, tumultuous, and challenging times in American history: the 1960s-a tune not noted for its emphasis on Main Street values. Garrettson perceives a profound irony at the center of Humphrey's life; the very source of strength that brought him his greatest triumph and joy-his role in the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and thus the vice presidency-also brought him his greatest failure and grief--the presidential campaign of 1968 and his vulnerability on the issue of the Vietnam War. Combining biography, history, and theoretical analysis, "Hubert H. Humphrey and the Politics of Joy "is built around essential defining questions: is morality principally a matter of belief or action; or is it instead a consistent, though admittedly tenuous, balancing of both. In testing Humphrey's life and career against these questions, Garrettson provides a necessary exercise in social science and a profound reflection on what it means to be moral in the political world.
High Temperature Refractory Coating Materials For Sapphire Waveguides

Refractory materials are examined for thermodynamic suitability for coating sapphire waveguides. The materials selected are silicon carbide, zirconia, silica and metal niobium. Experimental verification of chemical reaction in very low pressure and at 857C temperature is studied through X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples before and after heating. Electron microprobe analysis will provide valuable information on weight percentage of chemical reactions and SEM will provide some information on visible changes in the sample. Various methods are available for coating the fiber that would make it suitable for high temperature, pressure, vibration, strain and other mechanical sensing in harsh environments.
Small-Field Galvanomagnetic Tensor of Bismuth at 4.2°K

Values of carrier concentrations and mobilities in large monocrystalline samples of bismuth at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K have been derived from measurements of all the galvanomagnetic tensor components through second order in magnetic field. Fields of the order of one gauss and less are required, and a superconducting chopper amplifier detects the minute voltages involved. The electron concentration is found to be 2.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{17}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, and the concentration of "light" holes is very nearly the same. When compared with cyclotron resonance and de Haas-van Alphen experiments, the results are consistent with a three-ellipsoid model for electrons and a single ellipsoid for "light" holes. There is no indication of the presence of "heavy" holes in a concentration comparable to the other carriers. Electron and "light"-hole relaxation times are isotropic to within a factor of 2; for electrons, $\ensuremath{\tau}\ifmmode \dot{e}\else \.{e}\fi{}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ sec, and for holes, $\ensuremath{\tau}\ifmmode \dot{e}\else \.{e}\fi{}5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ sec. Some of the effects of temperature and of larger magnetic fields are discussed.
Changes in foot function throughout pregnancy

Abstract Purpose: To determine changes in foot use and foot pressure patterns during pregnancy. Methods: Thirteen pregnant women were enrolled in the study. At least once during each trimester, foot pressure was measured during barefoot walking using a computerized foot pressure measurement system. Morphologic structure and postural alignment of the feet were recorded. Location and severity of pain in the body and lower extremities also were recorded. For analysis, the feet were partitioned into three regions: hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot. In each region, peak pressure during walking was identified for each foot. Floor contact time (stance time) and impulse (force integral) for each foot were calculated. Data were analyzed using Pearson product moment correlation and analysis of variance. Results: As pregnancy progressed, floor contact times (time with foot contacting the ground) increased ( r = 0.39, P = 0.0007). Impulse (the integral of the floor contact force) also increased ( r = 0.21, P = 0.0171). Subjects had increasing hindfoot peak pressure ( r = 0.085, P = 0.0044) and decreasing forefoot peak pressure ( r = 0.13, P = 0.0121). Conclusions: Consistent progressive changes in foot use and foot pressure patterns were seen during pregnancy. Floor contact times increased, indicating a progressively slower walking speed. Hindfoot peak pressure increased, while forefoot peak pressure decreased. Increasing impulse demonstrates greater overall foot load bearing. Future correlation of these changes with musculoskeletal pain may help us to better understand pregnancy’s effect on function of the lower extremities and development of pain.
Uric acid, hyperuricemia and vascular diseases

Uric acid is the product of purine metabolism. It is known that hyperuricemia, defined as high levels of blood uric acid, is the major etiological factor of gout. A number of epidemiological reports have increasingly linked hyperuricemia with cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Studies highlighting the pathogenic mechanisms of uric acid point to an inflammatory response as the primary mechanism for inducing gout and possibly contributing to uric acid's vascular effects. Monosodium urate (MSU) crystals induce an inflammatory reaction, which are recognized by toll-like receptors (TLRs). These TLRs then activate NALP3 inflammasome. MSU also triggers neutrophil activation and further produces immune mediators, which lead to a proinflammatory response. In addition, soluble uric acid can also mediate the generation of free radicals and function as a pro-oxidant. This review summarizes the epidemiological studies of hyperuricemia and cardiovascular disease, takes a brief look at hyperuricemia and its role in neurological diseases, and highlights the studies of the advanced pathological mechanisms of uric acid and inflammation.
LGMD2I in a North American population

Background There is a marked variation in clinical phenotypes that have been associated with mutations in FKRP, ranging from severe congenital muscular dystrophies to limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2I (LGMD2I).
Integrin regulation of growth factor receptors.

Integrins are receptors for extracellular matrix proteins that engage in reciprocal crosstalk with growth factor receptors. Recent work identifies a unique mechanism for the regulation of growth factor receptor phosphorylation by integrins, indicating multiple ways of achieving cooperation between these major signalling systems.
Using the NADEL to solve a problem in biomedical imaging

The correspondence problem is the problem of establishing a one-to-one correspondence between the same physical features in multiple images of a scene. Solving this problem is an important task that arises in the computer automation of many visual processes. In this paper, we discuss how the neural analog diffusion/enhancement layer (or NADEL) can be used to address the correspondence problem. Implementation results are presented in the context of a real problem in biomedical image processing: construction of 3-dimensional models of cytoskeleta organelles in a nerve fiber axon from 2-dimensional cross-sectional images of the axon.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The development of in situ fracture toughness evaluation techniques in hydrogen environment

Fracture behavior and fracture toughness are of great interest regarding reliability of hydrogen pipelines and storage tanks, however, many conventional fracture testing techniques are difficult to be realized under the presence of hydrogen, in addition to the inherited specimen size effect. Thus it is desired to develop novel in situ fracture toughness evaluation techniques to study the fracture behavior of structural materials in hydrogen environments. In this study, a torsional fixture was developed to utilize an emerging fracture testing technique, Spiral Notch Torsion Test (SNTT). The in situ testing results indicated that the exposure to H2 significantly reduces the fracture toughness of 4340 high strength steels by up to 50 percent. Furthermore, SNTT tests conducted in air demonstrated a significant fracture toughness reduction in samples subject to simulated welding heat treatment using Gleeble, which illustrated the effect of welding on the fracture toughness of this material.
Enthalpies of formation of cyclic alkyl peroxides: dioxirane, 1,2-dioxetane, 1,2-dioxolane, and 1,2-dioxane

Abstract Enthalpies of formation of four cyclic alkyl peroxides are calculated using ab initio methods. The values are reported as: ΔH°f298(dioxirane) = −2.91 ± 1.34 kcal/mol, ΔH°f298(1,2-dioxetane) = 1.09 ± 0.51, ΔH°f298(1,2-dioxolane) = −27.43 ± 0.91 kcal/mol, and ΔH°f298(1,2-dioxane) = −31.74 ± 0.96 kcal/mol. Enthalpies of formation for 1,2-dioxetane, 1,2-dioxolane, and 1,2-dioxane are calculated using isodesmic reactions at the MP4SDTQ/6-31G∗ ∗ //MP2/6-31G∗ level of theory. These isodesmic reactions are ‘group balanced’. For dioxirane, reaction energies of two reactions are calculated using the G2 method. The difference of ΔH°f298(dioxirane) values determined using these two reactions is within 0.7 kcal/mol. Ring strain energies (in kcal mol−1) are determined as 30.7, 26.7, 7.3, 4.0 for dioxirane, 1,2-dioxetane, 1,2-dioxolane, and 1,2-dioxane, respectively. Comparisons are also made with a scaled PM3 estimation, and results are in reasonable agreement with the recommended values.
Forearm force transmission after surgical treatment of distal radioulnar joint disorders

To evaluate the effect of silicone replacement of the distal ulnar, hemiresection arthroplasty and the Darrach procedure on ulnar support of the carpus, changes in force transmission to the radius and ulnar were measured using load cells in axially loaded cadaver arms. Testing of the intact specimens in neutral position showed that an average of 17% of the axial load was borne by the ulna whereas the load decreased to 3.6% after silicone arthroplasty, to 2.4% after hemiresection arthroplasty, and to 1.0% after the Darrach procedure. Only by placing the silicone cap on the ulna to lengthen it by 4 mm did the ulna load become within 75% of that in the intact specimen. In the intact specimen, ulna loading increased with wrist extension and ulna deviation and decreased with flexion and radial deviation, while after the surgical procedures there was no significant change in ulna loading with wrist position.
An Investigation of the Effects of Face Trustworthiness on Perceptions of Justice

Evolutionary theory and neuroscientific evidence suggest that humans automatically infer the trustworthiness of others based on facial appearance. Building upon this knowledge base, the current res...
Relationship between Patient Satisfaction and Objective Functional Outcome after Surgical Treatment for Distal Radius Fractures

Abstract Study Design Prospective cohort. Introduction Patient satisfaction is increasingly used as a metric of health care outcomes. The relationship between patient satisfaction and functional outcomes metrics is understudied. Purpose To determine the minimum recovery needed in grip strength, key pinch strength, and arc of motion needed for patient satisfaction after treatment of distal radius fracture (DRF) with volar locking plating system placement. Methods A prospective cohort of 125 DRF patients was evaluated three months after surgery for grip strength, key pinch strength, wrist arc of motion, and satisfaction with hand strength and wrist arc of motion. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed using patient satisfaction items as the “gold standard” and each functional measure of outcome as a predictor. Results We found that the optimal cutpoints to distinguish satisfaction from dissatisfaction occurred when patients had recovered 65% of their grip strength, 87% of their key grip strength, and 95% of the wrist arc of motion, as measured as percents of their uninjured wrists. Conclusions A much greater wrist range of motion must be recovered for patients to be satisfied than what is needed to perform activities of daily living. Level of Evidence Diagnosis level 2.
Preventing plant disease introduction

A discussion of the prevention of foreign plant-disease introduction constitutes in reality merely a special treatment of the broader subject of disease dissemination-an attempt to view the larger field from one small angle, so as to present and interpret the conditions, relations and limitations of this larger field in terms of the human needs and peculiar interests of a given country or area. Such discussion has value only because human society has a certain confidence in its own collective intelligence and power, whereby it is encouraged to attempt a bold control of the natural world for its own benefit. Human intelligence recognizes that in spite of the universal and imposing dispersal pressure developed in all pathogens as a requisite for survival, their dissemination is everywhere checked, limited or prevented by natural means and in various ways, and recognition of these weaknesses arouses the hope, even the conviction, that with adequate knowledge and carefully directed effort a national group might be able to interfere successfully with undesirable dispersal and control its own activities so as to prevent the establishment of destructive foreign pathogens in its homeland. Stripped to bare essentials this situation represents a primal struggle between species. On the one hand are ranged a host of parasitic forms of life, numerous, successful, often advantageously specialized, always blindly surging toward new territory by virtue of a tremendous dispersal pressure, but unable to overcome certain obstacles and limitations. Matched against these is a human society, endowed with intelligence, capable of effective organization, furnished with vast means of accomplishment, but not yet fully aware of its threatened interests, and only partially awake to the character of its enemies. The struggle between these two unlike antagonists is continuously in progress and its eventual outcome lies far in the long future. Because of this uncertain present situation it seems helpful to review the elements in the problem of plant-disease introduction from the restricted viewpoint of our own country, in the hope of
Device physics: microlever chilled out.

New work shows how light might be used to cool a micrometre-size cantilevered mirror to the low temperatures required in physics experiments and applications.
Congestion, ramp metering and tolls

The cell transmission model of a freeway is used to compare four congestion-reducing schemes: (R) ramp control only; (T) one lane is tolled and ramps are uncontrolled; (B) bottlenecks are tolled and ramps are uncontrolled; and (RB) ramps are controlled and bottlenecks are tolled. In the base case, ramps are uncontrolled and there are no tolls. It is found that (T) is inefficient and may leave all travellers worse off; (R), (B) and (RB) can achieve efficient freeway use; (B) can eliminate queues, but has adverse spatial and equity side effects; (RB) minimizes these side effects. (RB) is likely to be least costly to implement and maintain.
The Philosophical Roots of Anthropology

The Philosophical Roots of Anthropology. William Y. Adams. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications, 1998. vii. 466 pp., bibliography, index.
Cell Wall Reactive Proteins in the Coat and Wall of Maize Pollen POTENTIAL ROLE IN POLLEN TUBE GROWTH ON THE STIGMA AND THROUGH THE STYLE

The surface of a pollen grain consists of an outermost coat and an underlying wall. In maize (Zea mays L.), the pollen coat contains two major proteins derived from the adjacent tapetum cells in the anthers. One of the proteins is a 35-kDa endoxylanase (Wu, S. S. H., Suen, D. F., Chang, H. C., and Huang, A. H. C. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 49055–49064). The other protein of 70 kDa was purified to homogeneity and shown to be a β-glucanase. Its gene sequence and the developmental pattern of its mRNA differ from those of the known β-glucanases that hydrolyze the callose wall of the microspore tetrad. Mature pollen placed in a liquid medium released about nine major proteins. These proteins were partially sequenced and identified via GenBank™ data bases, and some had not been previously reported to be in pollen. They appear to have wall-loosening, structural, and enzymatic functions. A novel pollen wall-bound protein of 17 kDa has a unique pattern of cysteine distribution in its sequence (six tandem repeats of CX 3CX 10–15) that could chelate cations and form signal-receiving finger motifs. These pollen-released proteins were synthesized in the pollen interior, and their mRNA increased during pollen maturation and germination. They were localized mainly in the pollen tube wall. The pollen shell was isolated and found to contain no detectable proteins. We suggest that the pollen-coat β-glucanase and xylanase hydrolyze the stigma wall for pollen tube entry and that the pollen secrete proteins to loosen or become new wall constituents of the tube and to break the wall of the transmitting track for tube advance.