cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heterodimerization of epidermal growth factor receptor and wild-type or kinase-deficient Neu: a mechanism of interreceptor kinase activation and transphosphorylation.

Abstract We have shown that members of the erbB family undergo homodimer and heterodimer formation. The rat p185c-neu and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) can associate into an active heterodimeric tyrosine kinase. Overexpression of these two receptors also results in a transformed phenotype. We now show that mutant Neu proteins resulting from a point mutation at the ATP-binding site (N757) or cytoplasmic domain deletions (N691stop) are still able to undergo EGF-induced heterodimerization with EGFR. Analysis of heterodimer formation between EGFR and truncated Neu proteins revealed that heterodimerization is preferred over homodimerization of EGFR. N757 can be transphosphorylated by associated EGFR upon EGF stimulation. However, the heterodimer composed of EGFR and N691stop is kinase inactive. These results provided evidence that the Neu ectodomain is sufficient to associate with EGFR physically, and the cytoplasmic domain interaction is required for heterodimeric kinase activation, indicating that Neu/c-erbB2 is not just a simple substrate for EGFR but a transactivator as well.
5-Fluorouracil and high-dose calcium leucovorin for hepatocellular carcinoma : a phase II trial

A phase II trial of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) [250-450 mg/m2/day x 5 days as an intravenous (IV) bolus] combined with calcium leucovorin (500 mg/m2/day x 5 1/2 days by continuous IV infusion) administered on a 28-day schedule was performed in 15 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The median age was 58 years; performance status ranged from 50 to 100%. Of 15 evaluable patients, 1 (7%) had a partial response lasting 2.4 months; 8 (53%) had stable disease with a median duration of 5.7 months; and 6 (40%) had progressive disease with a median time to progression of 2.7 months. Median survival was 3.8 months. Treatment with 5-FU and calcium leucovorin was moderately well tolerated; 9% of the treatment courses were complicated by grade 3 or 4 hematological toxicity, and 10% of the courses were complicated by grade 3 or 4 gastrointestinal toxicity. Despite the efficacy of the combination of 5-FU and leucovorin in advanced colorectal cancer, our results document the general resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma to modulated 5-FU.
Automatic preparation, calibration, and simulation of deformable objects.

Many simulation environments – particularly those intended for medical simulation – require solid objects to deform at interactive rates, with deformation properties that correspond to real materials. Furthermore, new objects may be created frequently (for example, each time a new patient's data is processed), prohibiting manual intervention in the model preparation process. This paper provides a pipeline for rapid preparation of deformable objects with no manual intervention, specifically focusing on mesh generation (preparing solid meshes from surface models), automated calibration of models to finite element reference analyses (including a novel approach to reducing the complexity of calibrating nonhomogeneous objects), and automated skinning of meshes for interactive simulation.
Postoperative Futile Care: Stopping the Train When the Family Says “Keep Going”

All surgeons must take risks when providing medical care. No guarantees of protection from a lawsuit exist in any guise. Concerning postoperative futile care, the stakes are high when withdrawal of support seems to be indicated but the surrogate believes in sanctity-of-life and demands continued aggressive care. Open-ended questions posed to the family may initiate a dialog that help the surgeon understand their values and negotiate a resolution. Other preventive measures can also reduce the chance of conflict and potential liability. "Do what's right" is a proverbial motto in surgical training and clinical practice. To some surgeons, it may be to honor the wishes of the family surrogate. To others, the right thing may be to withdraw care in the best interest of the patient. If so, "do what's right" is not just to "stop the train." It also consists of a range of clinical activities, including effective communication, emotional care, and pursuing a fair and open negotiation process established by the institution. Properly conducted, "stopping the train" should incur no greater risk for professional liability than any other challenging procedure that surgeons perform. Withdrawal of futile care should be considered as a procedure, and as such, the skills to deliver it should be mastered like any other.
Comment on Pommerehne et al.,?concordia discors: Or: What do economists think??

Why do Pommerehne and associates apparently overlook the point that both their hypothesis and data contain elements which are not compatible? Their findings in fact might be interpreted as contradictory to a human capital explanation for the behavior of their sample of economists. Kuhn (1970) would propose that mainstream economics has provided a set of assumptions to place over these findings that allows a neo-classical interpretation. However, the human capital theory does not address the contradictions in the data they gathered. As Berger and Luchman (1966, pp. 62–63) would conclude, “institutionalization may take place in any area of relevant conduct” to provide a “corresponding canopy of legitimations, stretching over a protective cover of both cognitive and normative interpretation”. Once again, the institutionalization of mainstream science has been successful in suppressing alternative assumptions that could explain the data more adequately and with greater consistency. We conclude that the paper by Pommerehne and associates contains shortcomings of theorizing and method. Likewise we conclude that a theoretical formulation which takes into account the normative and therefore the cultural factors of science will provide an explanation of the opinion and behavior of economists more in keeping with their empirical findings than one based on self-interest alone.
The liberal paradox and the pareto set

Abstract We say that the liberal paradox occurs where the set of alternatives is a disjoint union of sets X i , one for each voter, if and only if the Pareto set contains no element u of any X i such that voter i prefers u to any other element of X i . For random profiles, we estimate the size of the Pareto set, and show that (1) if the number of voters is held fixed but the number of alternatives tends to infinity, the probability of the liberal paradox tends to 1; (2) if the number of alternatives is a fixed ratio to the number of voters and the number of voters tends to infinity, the probability of the liberal paradox tends to zero; (3) the rights can always be redistributed to the voters so that the liberal paradox does not occur; and (4) for single-peaked preferences if the sets of rights form intervals, the liberal paradox does not occur.
Serving Temperature Effects on Milk Flavor, Milk Aftertaste, and Volatile Compound Quantification in Nonfat and Whole Milk

Many people seem to prefer to drink cold milk. Research describing the flavor and aftertaste of milk and their correlation with chemical composition has not been reported previously. The study objectives were to describe milk flavor and aftertaste with a descriptive sensory panel and to quantify the headspace compounds of nonfat and whole milks as a function of serving temperature, and then to determine if correlations exist between the data sets. Headspace compounds of milk samples served at 4 °C and 15 °C were quantified by using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) gas chromatography, flame ion detection (GC-FID). Descriptive panel results indicated that serving temperature did not affect milk flavor. Nonfat milk was rated as having more sour aromatics, bitter, cooked, and fat character and as being slightly more chalky and flat, but less sweet than whole milk. Characterization of milk aftertaste at 15 s after swallowing indicated that nonfat milk had very slight sour and cooked attributes. Characterization of milk aftertaste at 90 s after swallowing indicated that nonfat milk had very slight cooked attributes and was less sweet than whole milk. Nonfat milk had a greater concentration of hexanal and lesser concentrations of benzaldehyde, ethyl caproate, heptanal, 2-heptanone, and nonanal than whole milk did. Significant correlations were found between fat derived compounds and fat influenced descriptors. These data provide evidence that fat content/composition contributes to the “flavor” and aftertaste attributes of milk more than serving temperature does.
A Neighborhood-Based Approach to Population Health in the Pediatric Medical Home

Health care reform is increasingly focused on population health outcomes. Local strategies low-income neighborhoods could connect every newborn to a medical home and create a platform to link them with other health-promoting community resources. (1) To improve connections to the medical home for infants from one low-income neighborhood (2) To increase the number of families enrolled in a local home visiting program, and (3) To improve communication between medical staff and home visitors. The study was conducted in a neighborhood with 550 births per year and median household income of $27,000. Quality improvement methods were used to test: (1) newborn registry in the medical home, (2) proactive outreach by nursing staff, (3) standardized protocol for enrolling families in home visiting, and (4) coordination of care between medical home and home visitors. Outcomes were timeliness of well child care and enrollment in home visiting. Time series analyses compared patients from the intervention neighborhood with a demographically similar neighborhood. Mean age at newborn visit decreased from 14.4 to 10.1 days of age. Attendance at 2- and 4-month well child visits increased from 68 to 79% and 35 to 59 %, respectively. Rates did not improve for infants from the comparison neighborhood. Confirmed enrollment in home visiting increased. After spread to 2 more clinics, 43 % of infants in the neighborhood were reached. Neighborhood-based newborn registries, proactive nursing outreach, and collaboration with a home visiting agency aligned multiple clinics in a low-income neighborhood to improve access to health-promoting services.
Colon preparation for the barium enema: a guide for the radiologist.

One of the most important aspects of an accurate colon examination is patient preparation. This requires a thorough knowledge of the types and actions of cathartics as well as their potential hazards. In addition, other adjunctive measures can be applied to ensure good hospital staff and patient cooperation. A guide for the radiologist is presented.
Integrated Semiconductor Bio-Sensors for In Vivo Cellular and Neural Imaging

Semiconductor integrated optical bio-sensors optimization for fluorescence, reflection, and index of refraction sensing is reviewed. Applications include bio-diagnostics, In vivo fluorescence-based cancer continuous monitoring and minimally invasive neural activity imaging.
Stereoselective synthesis of (Z,E)-2-bromo-1,3-dienes via the palladium (O) catalyzed cross coupling reactions of 1,1-dibromoolefins and vinylboronic acids

Abstract (Z,E)-2-Bromo-1,3-dienes are synthesized via stereoselective Pd° catalyzed cross coupling reactions of 1,1-dibromoolefins and vinylboronic acids.
Sperm methylation profiles reveal features of epigenetic inheritance and evolution in primates

During germ cell and preimplantation development, mammalian cells undergo nearly complete reprogramming of DNA methylation patterns. We profiled the methylomes of human and chimp sperm as a basis for comparison to methylation patterns of ESCs. Although the majority of promoters escape methylation in both ESCs and sperm, the corresponding hypomethylated regions show substantial structural differences. Repeat elements are heavily methylated in both germ and somatic cells; however, retrotransposons from several subfamilies evade methylation more effectively during male germ cell development, whereas other subfamilies show the opposite trend. Comparing methylomes of human and chimp sperm revealed a subset of differentially methylated promoters and strikingly divergent methylation in retrotransposon subfamilies, with an evolutionary impact that is apparent in the underlying genomic sequence. Thus, the features that determine DNA methylation patterns differ between male germ cells and somatic cells, and elements of these features have diverged between humans and chimpanzees.
Electrospun bioscaffolds that mimic the topology of extracellular matrix

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a natural scaffold for cell, tissue, and organ growth. Its topology plays an important role in cell differentiation. There is a design challenge to fabricate biomaterials that mimic ECM's three-dimensional (3D) structures with defined shapes and complex porous architecture. The urinary bladder matrix (UBM) is used in this work as the model system of the ECM architecture. Cellulose acetate (CA) is the biomaterial of choice for building the UBM-mimicking scaffolds. Electrospinning is the fabrication method used to form complex, porous, 3D structures with specific design, in a single-step process.
Efficient performance evaluation of memory hierarchy for highly multithreaded graphics processors

With the emergence of highly multithreaded architectures, performance monitoring techniques face new challenges in efficiently locating sources of performance discrepancies in the program source code. For example, the state-of-the-art performance counters in highly multithreaded graphics processing units (GPUs) report only the overall occurrences of microarchitecture events at the end of program execution. Furthermore, even if supported, any fine-grained sampling of performance counters will distort the actual program behavior and will make the sampled values inaccurate. On the other hand, it is difficult to achieve high resolution performance information at low sampling rates in the presence of thousands of concurrently running threads. In this paper, we present a novel software-based approach for monitoring the memory hierarchy performance in highly multithreaded general-purpose graphics processors. The proposed analysis is based on memory traces collected for snapshots of an application execution. A trace-based memory hierarchy model with a Monte Carlo experimental methodology generates statistical bounds of performance measures without being concerned about the exact inter-thread ordering of individual events but rather studying the behavior of the overall system. The statistical approach overcomes the classical problem of disturbed execution timing due to fine-grained instrumentation. The approach scales well as we deploy an efficient parallel trace collection technique to reduce the trace generation overhead and a simple memory hierarchy model to reduce the simulation time. The proposed scheme also keeps track of individual memory operations in the source code and can quantify their efficiency with respect to the memory system. A cross-validation of our results shows close agreement with the values read from the hardware performance counters on an NVIDIA Tesla C2050 GPU. Based on the high resolution profile data produced by our model we optimized memory accesses in the sparse matrix vector multiply kernel and achieved speedups ranging from 2.4 to 14.8 depending on the characteristics of the input matrices.
Abdominal CT With Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction (MBIR): Initial Results of a Prospective Trial Comparing Ultralow-Dose With Standard-Dose Imaging

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to report preliminary results of an ongoing prospective trial of ultralow-dose abdominal MDCT. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Imaging with standard-dose contrast-enhanced (n = 21) and unenhanced (n = 24) clinical abdominal MDCT protocols was immediately followed by ultralow-dose imaging of a matched series of 45 consecutively registered adults (mean age, 57.9 years; mean body mass index, 28.5). The ultralow-dose images were reconstructed with filtered back projection (FBP), adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR), and model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR). Standard-dose series were reconstructed with FBP (reference standard). Image noise was measured at multiple predefined sites. Two blinded abdominal radiologists interpreted randomly presented ultralow-dose images for multilevel subjective image quality (5-point scale) and depiction of organ-based focal lesions. RESULTS. Mean dose reduction relative to the standard series was 74% (median, 78%; range, 57–...
Orientation and Conformation of Amino Acids in Monolayers Adsorbed at an Oil/Water Interface As Determined by Vibrational Sum-Frequency Spectroscopy

Vibrational sum-frequency spectroscopy has been employed to acquire vibrational spectra in the C−H stretching region of a variety of monolayers of amino acids adsorbed at the CCl4/aqueous interface. Analysis of the spectra combined with surface tension measurements has been utilized to determine orientational and conformational characteristics of the l-forms of phenylalanine, lysine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, tryptophan, threonine, and tyrosine and the aromatic acid l-mandelic acid in monolayers at this interface. Spectra have been acquired under different polarization schemes to allow extraction of orientational and conformational information from spectral fits. The results demonstrate the ability to monitor the orientation of particular side chains in more complex molecules.
Release of Adenosine from Ischemic Brain

A threefold increase in tissue adenosine levels was produced by ischemia in the dog and the rat brain within 1 minute; adenosine levels increased further with longer periods of ischemia. Inosine and hypoxanthine were also increased by ischemia but to different degrees. The nucleosides and hypoxanthine appeared in cerebrospinal fluid during ischemia in the dog brain, and incubation of adenosine in normal cerebrospinal fluid failed to show the presence of degradative enzymes. Intra-arterially administered adenosine in the dog and the cat produced little or no increase in cerebral blood flow or the diameter of pial arterioles, respectively, when it was given in amounts that reduced arterial blood pressure. However, when it was applied topically to exposed pial arterioles of the cat, adenosine induced dilation that was roughly proportional to the dose used. When U-14C-adenosine was infused into the internal carotid arteries of the dog, no radioactivity was detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid and practically...
Fast and accurate instruction fetch and branch prediction

Accurate branch prediction is critical to performance; mispredicted branches mean that ten's of cycles may be wasted in superscalar architectures. Architectures combining very effective branch prediction mechanisms coupled with modified branch target buffers (BTB's) have been proposed for wide-issue processors. These mechanisms require considerable processor resources. Concurrently, the larger address space of 64-bit architectures introduce new obstacles and opportunities. A larger address space means branch target buffers become more expensive. In this paper, we show how a combination of less expensive mechanisms can achieve better performance than BTB's. This combination relies on a number of design choices described in the paper. We used trace-driven simulation to show that our proposed design, which uses fewer resources, offers better performance than previously proposed alternatives for most programs, and indicate how to further improve this design.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Lipid A Derivative That Contains an Aminogluconate Moiety

A highly convergent strategy for the synthesis of several derivatives of the lipid A of Rhizobium sin-1 has been developed. The synthetic derivatives are 2-aminogluconate 3 and 2-aminogluconolactone 4, both of which lack C-3 acylation. These derivatives were obtained by the preparation of disaccharides in which the two amino groups and the C-3' hydroxy group could be modified individually with acyl or beta-hydroxy fatty acyl groups. Detailed NMR spectroscopy and MS analysis of 3 and 4 revealed that, even under neutral conditions, the two compounds equilibrate. The synthetic compounds lack the proinflammatory effects of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as indicated by an absence of tumor necrosis factor production. Although 3 and 4 were able to antagonize E. coli LPS, they were significantly less potent than the synthetic compound 2, which is acylated at C-3, and R. sin-1 LPS; these results indicate that the beta-hydroxy fatty acyl group at C-3 contributes to the antagonistic properties of R. sin-1 LPS. Based on a comparison of the biological responses of the synthetic lipid A derivatives with those of the R. sin-1 LPS and lipid A, the 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic moieties appear to be important for the optimal antagonization of enteric LPS-induced cytokine production.
A geometric setting for moment tensors

SUMMARY We describe a parametrization of moment tensors that is suitable for use in algorithms for moment tensor inversion. The parameters are conceptually natural and can be easily visualized. The ingredients of the parametrization are present in the literature; we have consolidated them into a concise statement in a geometric setting. We treat several familiar moment tensor topics in the same geometric setting as well. These topics include moment tensor decompositions, crack-plus-double-couple moment tensors, and the parameter e that measures the difference between a deviatoric moment tensor and a double couple. The geometric approach clarifies concepts that are sometimes obscured by calculations.
Requirements for solid-state lighting

Summary form only given. White light-emitting diodes (LED) became a commercial reality almost three decades after the demonstration of the first monochromatic LED. The LED's potential for energy savings and the promise of reduced maintenance costs are the two main features that caught the attention of the community interested in general illumination. So far, LEDs have proved their usefulness and have started to displace traditional light sources, such as the incandescent lamp, in certain niche applications where monochromatic light is required. However, LEDs have yet to demonstrate their capabilities in general lighting applications. At present, researchers and manufacturers around the world are aggressively working toward developing a light source that could replace traditional light sources, such as incandescent and fluorescent lamps, in general lighting applications. For LEDs to directly compete with any of these technologies for a given application, they have to meet the characteristics of the target light sources in all areas. As an example, although amber LEDs have demonstrated luminous efficacies greater than 100 Im/W, they cannot compete with fluorescent lamps in office lighting applications because luminous efficacy is not the only parameter that makes a fluorescent lamp suitable for this application. A lighting specifier considers several parameters prior to selecting a light source for a given application. The parameters usually considered include light output, color (color appearance and color rendering properties), lamp life, and cost (initial and life cycle cost). The importance of any of these parameters varies widely depending on the application. For example, in a residential lighting application, cost, color, and light output are the most important parameters. That is why the incandescent lamp has been so popular in this application. Alternatively, in commercial office lighting applications, the linear fluorescent lamp became the most popular light source because light output, color, and lamp life are the most important parameters in this application. Presently, the community interested in developing solid-state light sources is targeting high luminous efficacy, greater than 200 Im/W, and high color rendering index (CRI), greater than 90, for high-brightness white LEDs. As described above, these parameters alone may not make LED light sources readily acceptable for general illumination applications. Therefore, the goal of this tutorial paper is to introduce the relevant lighting parameters to those interested in developing solid-state light sources and help them understand the needs of the lighting community.
An isoperimetric formulation to predict deformation behavior of pneumatic fiber reinforced elastomeric actuators

Fiber reinforced elastomeric actuators are popular actuators for soft robots because of their inherent safety, energy density and a large repertoire of spatial motion patterns. However, a small subset of these actuators alone known as McKibben pneumatic muscles with antisymmetric fiber orientations have been extensively analyzed in literature. This paper analyzes the large deformation kinematics of generalized McKibben actuators with asymmetric and arbitrarily varying fiber orientations by formulating a simple and accurate isoperimetric problem that involves constrained volume maximization problem. This model maximally decouples kinematics and kinetostatics thereby significantly reducing the numerical complexity involved in analysis. The accuracy of the model is verified by benchmarking with existing models for the McKibben actuator case, and with experiments for novel designs with no associated prior literature. This model is deemed to be useful in the design synthesis of fiber reinforced elastomeric actuators for a desired kinematic and kinetostatic requirement.
Effect of Comb Size on Population Growth of Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Colonies

Population growth was compared in 21 colonies of honey bees, Apis mellifera L., during the period of maximal population growth in Louisiana. Each colony began with 1.25 kg of bees, no brood, and 40 liters of hive space (measured empty). Colonies differed in comb size (13 by 19, 13 by 43, 20 by 43, or 26 by 43 cm), but each hive had the same comb surface area (1.1 m2). Bees were put into hives on 12 March, queens were released 15 March, and hives were expanded to 1.4 m2 of comb surface area and 48 liters on 10 April. Colonies with the largest combs produced more brood and had more adult workers on 13 May than colonies with the two smallest combs. At the end of the experiment, mean adult populations were 19,300, 22,900, 23,600, and 28,400 in colonies with the smallest to largest combs, respectively. A second experiment compared comb effects versus queen effects by measuring the amount of brood produced in 10 d by colonies with instrumentally inseminated or naturally mated queens on either the largest or smallest comb sizes. Comb effects were significant, queen effects were not. Small combs reduced brood production and diminished differences among queens; therefore, one must use large combs when evaluating queen fecundity.
IV. Adjusting the Departmental System

Structural reorganization of the administrative departments and independent agencies of the national government has been on the agendas of the President and Congress almost continuously since World War I. A brief review of the principal developments during the period between the two wars will give us perspective as we undertake to present the problem in its current setting.
Cerium Migration during PEM Fuel Cell Accelerated Stress Testing

Cerium is a radical scavenger which improves polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell durability. During operation, however, cerium rapidly migrates in the PEM and into the catalyst layers (CLs). In this work, membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) were subjected to accelerated stress tests (ASTs) under different humidity conditions. Cerium migration was characterized in the MEAs after ASTs using X-ray fluorescence. During fully humidified operation, water flux from cell inlet to outlet generated in-plane cerium gradients. Conversely, cerium profiles were flat during low humidity operation, where in-plane water flux was negligible, however, migration from the PEM into the CLs was enhanced. Humidity cycling resulted in both in-plane cerium gradients due to water flux during the hydration component of the cycle, and significant migration into the CLs. Fluoride and cerium emissions into effluent cell waters were measured during ASTs and correlated, which signifies that ionomer degradation products serve as possible counter-ions for cerium emissions. Fluoride emission rates were also correlated to final PEM cerium contents, which indicates that PEM degradation and cerium migration are coupled. Lastly, it is proposed that cerium migrates from the PEM due to humidification conditions and degradation, and is subsequently stabilized in the CLs by carbon catalyst supports.
Necessity and methods of providing in-depth information service in academic libraries of Chinese PLA

Studied in this paper are the necessity and methods of providing in-depth information service in academic libraries of Chinese PLA.
Posterolateral markings on dinosaur tracks, Cameron Dinosaur Tracksite, Lower Jurassic Moenave Formation, northeastern Arizona

Posterolateral markings, appearing as short, rectilinear grooves projecting from the posterior margins of digit IV, occur on tracks in five of 34 trackways at the Cameron Dinosaur Tracksite in the Dinosaur Canyon Member of the Lower Jurassic Moenave Formation, northeastern Arizona. A new ichnospecies, Grallator (Anchisauripus) madseni, is described from these five trackways made by bipedal, tridactyl dinosaurs. The size and morphology of the tracks suggest that they may represent trackmakers similar to Coelophysis and Syntarsus, two dinosaurs described from Triassic and Jurassic deposits in northeastern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico. Among the working hypotheses cited as possible causes of the posterolateral markings are: 1) they were made by the dragging of digit III or of the metatarsus; 2) they are marks produced by a feature similar to a horny excrescence or cornified ridge on digitometatarsal pad IV; and 3) they are related to a peculiarity that may have resulted from sexual dimorphism.
Dark Pools, High-Frequency Trading, and the Financial Transaction Tax: A Solution or Complication?

The implementation of a financial transaction tax has been the subject of debate for many years. Countries all across the globe have enacted various types of this tax and have seen different results depending upon factors such as the rate and the types of financial instruments affected by it. With the recent explosion of high-frequency transactions, discussion of enacting a financial transaction tax has begun to grow in both Europe and the United States.This Article will look at the possible effects of enacting a financial transaction tax on the U.S. marketplace. Before this type of tax is put into place, we must first analyze what the results of previous experiences were, what results could be expected from an implementation in the United States, and whether these results align with the basic goals of taxation.The idea of a financial transaction tax has recently been paired with the idea of regulating Wall Street. However, while the tax may assist to an extent in regulating the marketplace, it should not be viewed in this regard, but instead mainly as a tool to raise revenue. There may be adverse effects of such a tax in the short-term, but the true impact on the market should be viewed in respect to the long-term outcomes. Additionally, while transparency and stability are important in the marketplace, an over-regulation of high-frequency trading, and specifically the dark-pool market in which the exchanges occur, could end up distorting the market and eliminating investment volume.Overall, the implementation of a financial transaction tax may prove beneficial to the United States in raising revenue in the long-term but not as a regulatory device in the marketplace.
Congenital subcostal hernia in a patient with Lumbo-Costovertebral Syndrome, case report and review of the literature

Abstract Congenital subcostal hernias are a very rare type of flank hernia. They are typically asymptomatic but are more difficult to fix as the child grows, warranting early repair. They are typically found in the setting of multiple congenital anomalies. We report a congenital subcostal hernia associated with Lumbo-Costovertebral Syndrome, which is already known to be associated with congenital lumbar hernias. We will report the background and outcome of primary repair in such a hernia.
A scalable task parallelism approach for LU decomposition with multicore CPUs

Many scientific applications have linear systems A · x = b which need to be solved for different vectors b. LU decomposition, which is a variant of Gaussian Elimination, is an efficient technique to solve a linear system. The main idea of the LU decomposition is to factorize A into an upper (U) triangular and a lower (L) triangular matrix such that A = LU. This paper presents an OpenMP task parallel approach for the LU factorization of dense matrices. The tasking model is based on the individual computational tasks which occur during the block-wise LU factorization. We describe the right-looking variant of the LU decomposition algorithm in the task parallel approach, and provide an efficient implementation of the algorithm for shared memory machines. We demonstrate that with the task scheduling features provided by OpenMP 4.0, the right-looking LU decomposition can scale well. We then conduct an experimental evaluation of the task parallel implementation in comparison with the parallel-for implementation of the Gaussian elimination with pivoting and LU decomposition using the GNU Scientific Library on a multicore platform. From the experiments we conclude that the proposed task-based implementation is a good solution for solving large systems of linear equations using LU decomposition.
Centrifuge modeling of lateral bearing behavior of offshore wind turbine with suction bucket foundation in sand

Abstract Suction bucket foundation is a promising alternative for offshore wind turbine foundations. The lateral bearing behavior and failure mechanism are significant topics for optimizing its design criteria. In this study, a group of centrifuge tests were performed to investigate the lateral bearing capacity of suction bucket foundation with three aspect ratios. Force-controlled lateral static and cyclic tests were performed at a centrifuge acceleration of 50 g. Four soil conditions were considered in centrifuge tests with a combination of loose/dense and dry/saturated sand. The load-displacement and the stiffness-displacement relationships are presented in the paper, and it is concluded that the lateral bearing capacity can be reached when the normalized lateral displacement (displacement divided by the bucket diameter) reached 3% as the first method. Displacement rates are plotted against the lateral load to give the second method for defining the ultimate lateral capacity. In cyclic tests, the lateral displacement and stiffness are correlated to the cycle numbers in the first 5 cycles, but the change is less apparent in the rest. The results demonstrated the behavior of bucket foundation in service conditions. Finally, a simplified calculation method is used as the third method and checked with tests results.
Prognostic and therapeutic impact of cytogenetic abnormalities in patients with myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms, unclassifiable.

7058Background: The 2016 WHO classification includes myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms, unclassifiable (MDS/MPN-U), as an MDS/MPN overlap syndrome not meeting criteria for well-defined e...
Policy, Research, and Implications for School Counseling in Canada

This chapter addresses the historical context, services provided, delivery methods, credentialing process, and literature review of school-based counseling in Canada from the time of formal educational delivery in the nineteenth century to the present. School-based counseling in Canada is delivered at the local school level and regulated by provincial governments of the ten provinces and three territories. Having no federal education department in Canada, the way school counseling is delivered and by whom varies according to province and local need. Well-populated provinces such as British Columbia, Ontario, Nova Scotia, and Quebec regulate the credentialing process of school counselors through their departments of education, similar to the way that teachers are licensed. Less-populated provinces and territories have teachers provide the services associated with school-based counseling. Canada has a well-developed counseling and psychotherapy organization with a school counseling chapter that addresses the needs of and advocates for school counselors. Suggestions for future research and advocacy include a national model for school counselors, greater engagement of the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association school counseling chapter as a conduit for the regulation and advocacy for school-based counselors, and conducting outcome studies of school counseling services based on local and provincial needs in accord with the national educational delivery system in Canada.
Clay mineral formation under oxidized conditions and implications for paleoenvironments and organic preservation on Mars.

Clay mineral-bearing locations have been targeted for martian exploration as potentially habitable environments and as possible repositories for the preservation of organic matter. Although organic matter has been detected at Gale Crater, Mars, its concentrations are lower than expected from meteoritic and indigenous igneous and hydrothermal reduced carbon. We conducted synthesis experiments motivated by the hypothesis that some clay mineral formation may have occurred under oxidized conditions conducive to the destruction of organics. Previous work has suggested that anoxic and/or reducing conditions are needed to synthesize the Fe-rich clay mineral nontronite at low temperatures. In contrast, our experiments demonstrated the rapid formation of Fe-rich clay minerals of variable crystallinity from aqueous Fe^(3+) with small amounts of aqueous Mg^(2+). Our results suggest that Fe-rich clay minerals such as nontronite can form rapidly under oxidized conditions, which could help explain low concentrations of organics within some smectite-containing rocks or sediments on Mars.
The Meaning of Honorary Whiteness for Asian Americans: Boundary Expansion or Something Else?

Research on interracial intimacy divides between quantitative comparisons of interracial and same-race marriages and qualitative studies of existing interracial unions. This article bridges the divide by examining how interracial dating histories differ from same-race dating histories among Asian Americans, a group that sociologists consistently regard as potentially having attained a racial status as “honorary whites.” Synthesizing the literatures on ethnic boundaries, homogamy, and interracial intimacy, the author examines the role of boundary processes in differentiating same-race and interracial dating histories. What does becoming honorary whites, as indicated by participation in racial exogamy, actually mean for Asian Americans? Using a unique sample of 83 Asian Americans with a wide range of dating histories, the author finds that social networks are a crucial mechanism for differentiating racial endogamy and exogamy. In addition, my results show that becoming honorary whites has critically involved boundary repositioning, rather than boundary transcendence, blurring, or expansion.
Dual Pathways of Free Radical Injury in Vascular Endothelial Cells: Loss of Nuclear DNA Integrity and Membrane Asymmetry During Enhanced Cysteine Protease Activity

Cerebral ischemic vascular flow has been linked to endothelial release of the free radical nitric oxide (NO) and downstream activation of programmed cell death (PCD). The molecular mechanisms that mediate endothelial cell (EC) PCD are diverse in nature and require further definition. We therefore investigated the role of NO-mediated PCD and caspase-3-like activity during EC injury. We demonstrate that free radical-induced EC injury involves two distinct pathways that lead to PCD: one that modulates membrane PS exposure and another that regulates genomic DNA integrity. We also illustrate that externalization of membrane PS residues is a distinct event that occurs independent from the degradation of genomic DNA. In addition, the induction of EC PCD is robust and dependent, at least in part, on the generation of caspase-3-like activity. Further dissection of the role of the molecular mechanisms that mediate cerebral vascular injury is crucial to identify therapy that can govern both EC and neuronal cell survival.
The Incredibly Credible Prevalence of Child Protective Services Contact in New Zealand and the United States

The author discusses the rates of contact with child protection services in cases of child abuse in New Zealand and the U.S. He mentions the difficulties of obtaining valid statistics on the number of children involved, the differences in data collection in the two countries, and suggests methods for handling the data.
The Use of Digital Thermography for Environmental Evaluation of Reptile Enclosures

ABSTRACT A thermal environment that mimics the animal's natural environment is one of the most important factor in keeping reptiles healthy in captivity. Reptiles regulate their body temperatures with external environmental heat sources, behavioral actions, and some internal metabolic heat production. Most reptiles must reach their preferred body temperature (PBT) at some point during the day for optimal enzyme and immune system function, digestion and normal behavior to occur. Using digital thermography, a visual assessment of the thermal environment can be made. This study used thermal imaging to assess five captive reptile thermal environments.
Charge Pump Circuit Theory

This chapter discusses circuit theory of the charge pump circuit. Since it was invented in 1932, various types have been proposed. After several typical types of charge pumps are reviewed, they are compared in terms of the circuit area and the power efficiency. The type that Dickson proposed is found to be the best one as an on-chip generator where the parasitic capacitance is 1–10% of the pump capacitor. Design equations and equivalent circuit models are derived for the charge pump. Using the model, optimizations are discussed to minimize the circuit area under various conditions that the output current, the ramp time, and the power dissipation are given theoretically.
Parallel methods for tridiagonal equations

Three methods of solving tridiagonal linear sets are adapted for execution on an Alternating Sequential-Parallel system. The first two are similar to “marching”, the third is based on “red-black” ordering. Examples and results show the last method to be the best.
The Spawning of Ecosystems: How Cohort Effects Benefit New Ventures

Research has examined the process of “entrepreneurial migration,” whereby employees from successful industry incumbents move to new ventures. This phenomenon has been linked to direct benefits to e...
Altered expression of KCNG3 and KCNG4 in Hirschsprung’s disease

Voltage-gated potassium ion channels have long been implicated in gastrointestinal motility. Recent studies have highlighted the role of voltage-gated channel subfamily G member 3 (KCNG3) and 4 (KCNG4) genes in the electrical functioning of interstitial cells of Cajal and PDGFRα+ cells of the mouse colon. We designed this study to investigate KCNG3 and KCNG4 expression in the normal human colon and in Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR). HSCR tissue specimens (n = 6) were collected at the time of pull-through surgery, while control samples were obtained at the time of colostomy closure in patients with imperforate anus (n = 6). qRT-PCR analysis was undertaken to quantify KCNG3 and KCNG4 gene expression, and immunolabelling of KCNG3 and KCNG4 proteins was visualized using confocal microscopy. qRT-PCR analysis revealed significant downregulation of the KCNG3 and KCNG4 genes in both aganglionic and ganglionic HSCR specimens compared to controls (p < 0.05). Confocal microscopy revealed KCNG3 and KCNG4 expression within neurons, ICC and PDGFRα+ cells of the myenteric plexus and smooth muscle layers, with a reduction in both proteins in aganglionic and ganglionic HSCR colon compared to controls. KCNG3 and KCNG4 gene expression is significantly downregulated in HSCR colon, suggesting a role for these genes in colonic motility. KCNG3 and KCNG4 downregulation within ganglionic specimens highlights the physiologically abnormal nature of this segment in HSCR patients.
Optoelectronic Quantum Capacitors for Configurable Neural Photonic Networks

An optically-controlled quantum capacitor is described as a memristive behaving neuron in a crossbar neural network. Specifically, activation value, weight, and bias for each neuron are dynamically controlled with light intensity, applied gate voltage, and a sampling frequency, respectively; therefore, it provides a programmable capacitive neural network with dynamic configurability.
A data review of airway management in patients with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer: a single-institution experience.

Oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer impose significant threat to airway management. Head and neck radiotherapy (HNRT) may further increase the difficulty of tracheal intubation. We hypothesized that a history of HNRT would be associated with a high rate of difficult tracheal intubation. Adult patients with a history of HNRT were identified. Non-HNRT controls were case-matched by age, sex and body mass index. The tracheal intubation status between the two patient groups (treated vs. untreated with HNRT) was compared. The t test was used to evaluate differences in continuous variables between the 2 groups. Fisher’s exact test or a chi-square test was used to test for associations between radiation status and patient characteristics that may be associated with difficult tracheal intubation. Odds ratio and its confidence interval were used to assess the effect of radiation status on intubation status. The final cohort of 472 matched patients in age, sex and body mass index consisted of 236 patients who had HNRT before surgery and 236 who had upfront surgery without HNRT. The percentage of patients who had restricted neck range of motion in the HNRT group was significantly higher than in the control group (22.3% vs. 11.0%; p = 0.001). The proportion of patients with trismus (p = 0.11) or difficult tracheal intubation (p = 0.73) did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. 12.7% patients in the study had difficult tracheal intubation. Patients who had mallampati scores of 3 or 4 had significantly higher rate of difficult tracheal intubation than did patients with mallampati scores of 1 or 2 (17.8% vs. 8.7%; p = 0.004). Multivariate logistic regression model showed no difference between HNRT and intubation status after adjusting neck range of motion and mallampati score (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.510 to1.612). Previous treatment with HNRT was not associated with additional risk of difficult tracheal intubation. Mallampati score may be a sensitive measurement for difficult tracheal intubation in this patient population.