cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantized motion of atoms in a quadrupole magnetostatic trap

We consider quantized motion of neutral atoms cooled below the recoil limit in a quadrupole magnetostatic trap. Because of Majorana transitions to untrapped levels near the point of zero field at the trap center, all quantum levels have a nonzero decay rate. The Schrodinger equation associated with the potential gμB · S (S is the total atomic spin) takes the form of coupled equations in r when the spinor components are expanded in spherical harmonics. We integrate the multichannel problem numerically to obtain asymptotic phase shifts, resonance energies, and widths. For S = 1/2, the lowest levels have widths somewhat less than their spacing. Thus the trap quantum-level structure might possibly be observable if the atoms are sufficiently cold, namely, in the 0.1-μK regime for most atoms and attainable trap field gradients. The width decreases rapidly with increasing MJ, the angular momentum about the symmetry axis. Spectroscopic linewidths of a few hertz are possible if there is enough population in the lowest levels with a few MJ quanta. The decay rate of the lowest levels, however, is probably too rapid for studying Bose–Einstein condensation in such a trap.
Incident light velocimetry.

Analysis of overarm throw kinetics frequently involves comparison of skilled and unskilled performers. W h e n forward ball velocity is used as a measure, it is desirable to have a sampling method with sufficient latitude to record the velocity of a relatively inaccurate throw. An additional requirement in a general testing situation is that the uninitiated S experiences a minimum of physical or psychological restriction during performance. This is particularly true when a child is performing. Photodetection of the elapsed time of ball travel between two fixed planes has been the most straightforward method of velocimetry. Successful velocimeters which respond to the interruption of light cast on a row of photocells have been constriicced by several researchers ( M a l ~ n a , 1963; Nelson, et al., 1966). Alternatively i c is possible to detect an illum~nated object against a dark background. This approach, involving very low levels of phorodetector illumination, permits the researcher to take advantage of the unusual speed and luminous sensitivity of the secondary emission photomultiplier. Photomultipliers typically have a cathode luminous sensitivity on a par with the best phocotubes and better than the absolute sensitivity of solid state cells. In addition photomultipliers contain a series of cascading dynodes which amplify by secondary emission the initial electron current emitted by the cathode in response to incident light. Current gains of 10.' to 10" are not uncommon, and amplification is virtually noiseless. Preliminary measurements indicated that a new softball under incident illumination of approximately 10 fc-c. reflected sufficient light to cause a change in luminous flux of approximately l op5 lumen measured at a distance of 6 ft. a t right angles to the source. Measurements conducted at the same time indicated that a relatively large ( 3 0 ft.') velocimeter gate providing a background luminous flux of only lo-' lumen could be constructed without difficulty. A number of photomultipliers meet these sensitivity requirements. For the velocimeter described hereg the R.C.A. 931-A photomultiplier was selected as a detector because of its low cost (under $13), rugged construction, and because
The criminal process in the People's Republic of China

(1985). The criminal process in the People's Republic of China. Justice Quarterly: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 117-125.
“Buffalo hump” in men with HIV-1 infection

Summary Background Enlargement of the dorsocervical fat pad ("buffalo hump") has been reported in numerous HIV-1-infected patients. Some investigators have speculated that this finding is associated with protease-inhibitor treatment. Methods Between June, 1995, and October, 1997, we studied eight HIV-1-infected men who had developed a buffalo hump while otherwise stable on antiretroviral therapy. Measurement of 24 h urinary free cortisol excretion and an overnight low-dose dexamethasone suppression test were done to screen for Cushing's syndrome. In one patient, plasma cortisol concentrations were measured every 4 h for 24 h to assess the circadian rhythm of cortisol. Results of total and regional body-composition analysis by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and cortisol concentrations were compared with those obtained in a control population of 15 HIV-1-positive men whose age, body-mass index (BMI), and CD4-lymphocyte count were within the range of values in the eight study patients. Findings The eight patients with a buffalo hump were clinically stable on various antiretroviral regimens, four of which included a protease inhibitor. No other signs of Cushing's syndrome were observed, and plasma cortisol values did not differ significantly from those of controls. 24 h urinary free cortisol excretion was normal in seven patients and slightly raised in one (248 nmoles). In this patient, a repeat 24 h urinary free cortisol was 175 nmoles and plasma cortisol concentrations over 24 h showed a normal circadian pattern (nadir 83 nmol/L at 2400 h). All eight patients had normal suppression of cortisol values after dexamethasone 1 mg (plasma cortisol less than 83 nmol/L). When compared with HIV-1-positive controls, men with a buffalo hump had a significantly greater proportion of fat in the trunk region, suggesting central fat accumulation. Triglyceride but not cholesterol values were higher in the patients than in controls but this difference was not significant. Fasting glucose values did not differ significantly. Interpretation The development of a buffalo hump cannot be attributed to hypercortisolism in these eight men. Furthermore, its occurrence is not unique to patients on protease inhibitors. Although the mechanism for dorsocervical fat accumulation is unclear, we speculate that regional abnormalities in lipogenesis and lipolysis occur, possibly influenced by the hormonal and metabolic changes seen with HIV-1 infection and its treatment.
Automatic generation of efficient array redistribution routines for distributed memory multicomputers

Appropriate data distribution has been found to be critical for obtaining good performance on Distributed Memory Multicomputers like the CM-5, Intel Paragon and IBM SP-1. It has also been found that some programs need to change their distributions during execution for better performance (redistribution). This work focuses on automatically generating efficient routines for redistribution. We present a new mathematical representation for regular distributions called PITFALLS and then discuss algorithms for redistribution based on this representation. A significant contribution of this work is the ability to handle arbitrary source and target processor sets while performing redistribution; another is the ability to handle arbitrary dimensionality for the array being redistributed in a sealable manner. The results presented show low overheads for our redistribution algorithm as compared to naive runtime methods. >
Ready, Set, Stop Mismatch Between Self-Care Beliefs, Transition Readiness Skills, and Transition Planning Among Adolescents, Young Adults, and Parents

Health care transition (HCT) from pediatric to adult-focused systems is a key milestone for youth. Developing self-care skills and HCT planning are key elements. In a survey at 4 pediatric specialty clinics to 79 youth aged 16 to 25 years and 52 parents, skill-based HCT readiness was assessed using the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ). Multivariable logistic regression evaluated the association between TRAQ scores and self-care beliefs. In all, 70% of youth and 67% of parents believed that they/their child could manage their care. Only 38% of youth and 53% of parents reported thinking about HCT; only 18% of youth and 27% of parents reported having a HCT plan. Youth with higher TRAQ scores were more likely to believe they could manage their care, controlling for age and gender (adjusted odds ratio = 4.0, 95% confidence interval = 1.7-9.5). Transition readiness skills are associated with self-care beliefs. However, a mismatch exists between high reported self-care beliefs and low levels of transition planning.
How the Risk of Displacement for Older Workers Has Changed

Using Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition and relying on the consistent design of the Displaced Worker Survey since 1996, this study analyses various factors contributing to the rising dislocation of older workers, such as changes in tenure, industry mix, educational attainment, and labor force participation. Although in the past older workers were less prone to displacement compared with prime-age workers, this paper finds that older workers are now more likely to be displaced, conditional on education, manufacturing industry, and tenure. Declining tenure, a higher incidence of displacement in manufacturing, and a higher labor force participation among older workers largely explain the convergence of displacement rates among older and prime-age workers.
Otolith δ18O record of mid-holocene sea surface temperatures in peru

Peruvian sea catfish (Galeichthys peruvianus) sagittal otoliths preserve a record of modern and mid-Holocene sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Oxygen isotope profiles in otoliths excavated from Ostra [6010 +/- 90 years before the present (yr B.P.); 8 degrees 55'S] indicate that summer SSTs were approximately 3 degrees C warmer than those of the present. Siches otoliths (6450 +/- 110 yr B.P.; 4 degrees 40'S) recorded mean annual temperatures approximately 3 degrees to 4 degrees C warmer than were measured under modern conditions. Trophic level and population diversity and equitability data from these faunal assemblages and other Peruvian archaeological sites support the isotope interpretations and suggest that upwelling of the Peru-Chile current intensified after approximately 5000 yr B.P.
Pulse Combustion: The Importance of Characteristic Times

Abstract The response of a valved pulse combustor to changes in the relative timing between the resonant pressure wave and the instantaneous energy release rate has been examined. Experiments were designed to examine the pulse combustor's response to independent changes in the experimental conditions that resulted in nearly independent changes in the fluid dynamic species mixing time, the fluid dynamic mixing time of cold reactants with hot products, the characteristic chemical kinetics time, and the characteristic resonance time. The time scales considered in this study were adjusted independently to modify the coupling between the instantaneous energy release rate and the resonant pressure wave, thereby modifying the magnitude of the pressure oscillations and altering the frequency of operation. All of these experimental observations of the pulse combustor response to variations in characteristic time scales are interpreted in terms of Rayleigh's criterion.
Labor after Neoliberalism: The Birth of the Insecure Class in South Korea

AbstractThis article examines the rise and fall of organized labor in post-democratization, neoliberal Korea and traces the process through which a new labor underclass has been created since the late 1990s. Under the sweeping implementation of neoliberal policies, Korean labor has become increasingly fragmented, stratified, and marginalized both in the market and political arena. In this polarizing process, an ‘insecure class’ was born, consisting of irregular workers and the low-income self-employed. These working people are characterized by precarious labor conditions, bare social protection coverage, and frail organizational–political representation. This study explicates such a drastic restructuration of the Korean working people from the interaction of chaebol-centered economic structure, labor unions' organizational narrowness, and unrepresentative political parties devoid of programmatic competition. The examination of the insecure class in Korea casts light on the significance of class issues in ...
A fast topology maintenance algorithm for high-bandwidth networks

A fast time-driven algorithm for topology maintenance in high-speed networks is presented. The algorithm uses only four time units for each broadcast by each computer. The best previous algorithm required O(log m) time units for each broadcast by each computer, where m is the number of currently operational computers in the network. In addition to its speed, the presented algorithm makes several significant contributions. I. Cidon et al. (1988) have shown that Omega (log m) time units are necessary for time-driven topology maintenance algorithms of high-speed networks that do not allow a packet to traverse the same edge in both directions. The proposed algorithm shows that this lower bound does not hold for networks that do allow a packet to traverse the same edge in both directions. The O(log m) algorithm assumed that it takes each computer at most one time unit to simultaneously broadcast messages to all neighbors of the computer. In contrast, a node in the proposed algorithm can send at most, one message per time unit. As in the O(log m) algorithm, the algorithm requires O(D) broadcasts per node before all nodes know the correct topology of the network, where D is the diameter of the currently operational portion of the network. >
Development and implementation of measures of effectiveness for the universal joint task list in the joint theater level simulation

This paper presents a methodology for evaluating tasks performed by a joint staff, as set forth in the Universal Joint Task List (UJTL). Measures of effectiveness are defined for selected sustainment and intelligence tasks. Results of experimental runs of the Joint Theater Level Simulation are presented to demonstrate the analysis process. Emphasis is placed on providing the staff planner with an ability to associate causal reasons for significant events in the exercise.
Capacity Assessment of V-Shaped RC Bridge Bents

AbstractAssessment of the flexural and shear capacity of two V-shaped RC bridge bents has been validated against experimental results from tests on 1:3-scale specimens. A numerical procedure based on iterative analyses taking into account the variation of vertical loads in the bents’ columns provides a satisfactory prediction of the bents’ overall performance. Based on its general agreement with the experimental data, the numerical model was also used to investigate the uneven distribution of axial load and shear force between the two columns of each bent. Three models were compared for the assessment of the shear capacity of the specimens. All the models identified the compression column as the most critical in terms of shear capacity, as confirmed by the experimental results. The University of California at San Diego (UCSD) model, which introduces an additional contribution due to the compression strut along the column length, appears to be less sensitive to axial load variations and to provide a reliab...
The 5′ untranslated region‐mediated enhancement of intracellular listeriolysin O production is required for Listeria monocytogenes pathogenicity

Listeriolysin O (LLO) and ActA are essential virulence determinants for Listeria monocytogenes pathogenesis. Transcription of actA and hly, encoding LLO, is regulated by PrfA and increases dramatically during intracellular infection. The 5' untranslated regions (5' UTRs) of actA and prfA have been shown to upregulate expression of their respective gene products. Here, we demonstrate that the hly 5' UTR plays a critical role in regulating expression of LLO during intracellular infection. Deletion of the hly 5' UTR, while retaining the hly ribosome binding site, had a moderate effect on LLO production during growth in broth culture, yet resulted in a marked decrease in LLO levels during intracellular infection. The diminished level of LLO resulted in a significant defect in bacterial cell-to-cell spread during intracellular infection and a 10-fold reduction in virulence during in vivo infection of mice. Insertion of the hly 5' UTR sequence between a heterologous promoter and reporter gene sequences indicated that the hly 5' UTR functions independent of PrfA-mediated transcription and can enhance expression of cis-associated genes through a mechanism that appears to act at both a post-transcriptional and translational level. The ability of the hly 5' UTR to increase gene expression can be exploited to achieve PrfA-independent complementation of virulence genes and high-level expression of single copy heterologous genes in L. monocytogenes.
Ginkgo biloba for prevention of dementia: a randomized controlled trial.

Context Ginkgo biloba is widely used for its potential effects on memory and cognition. To date, adequately powered clinical trials testing the effect of G biloba on dementia incidence are lacking. Objective To determine effectiveness of G biloba vs placebo in reducing the incidence of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD) in elderly individuals with normal cognition and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Design, Setting, and Participants Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted in 5 academic medical centers in the United States between 2000 and 2008 with a median follow-up of 6.1 years. Three thousand sixty-nine community volunteers aged 75 years or older with normal cognition (n = 2587) or MCI (n = 482) at study entry were assessed every 6 months for incident dementia. Intervention Twice-daily dose of 120-mg extract of G biloba (n = 1545) or placebo (n = 1524). Main Outcome Measures Incident dementia and AD determined by expert panel consensus. Results Five hundred twenty-three individuals developed dementia (246 receiving placebo and 277 receiving G biloba) with 92% of the dementia cases classified as possible or probable AD, or AD with evidence of vascular disease of the brain. Rates of dropout and loss to follow-up were low (6.3%), and the adverse effect profiles were similar for both groups. The overall dementia rate was 3.3 per 100 person-years in participants assigned to G biloba and 2.9 per 100 person-years in the placebo group. The hazard ratio (HR) for G biloba compared with placebo for all-cause dementia was 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94-1.33; P = .21) and for AD, 1.16 (95% CI, 0.97-1.39; P = .11). G biloba also had no effect on the rate of progression to dementia in participants with MCI (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.85-1.50; P = .39). Conclusions In this study, G biloba at 120 mg twice a day was not effective in reducing either the overall incidence rate of dementia or AD incidence in elderly individuals with normal cognition or those with MCI. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00010803
The Outcome of Intra-Articular Distal Radius Fractures Treated With Fragment-Specific Fixation

Purpose To assess the clinical, radiographic, and functional outcome of treating intra-articular distal radius fractures with fragment-specific fixation. Methods A retrospective review of 81 patients with 85 intra-articular distal radius fractures who were treated with fragment-specific fixation was performed. Minimum time to follow-up evaluation was 1 year, with a mean time of 32 months. The immediate postoperative films were compared with those taken at the final follow-up evaluation. Radiographs of the uninjured wrist were also obtained at the final follow-up evaluation for comparison. Patients were examined for wrist and finger range of motion, deformity, and grip strength, and they completed a standard Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand outcome survey. Results According to Gartland and Werley scoring there were 61 excellent and 24 good results. Flexion and extension of the surgically treated wrist at the final follow-up evaluation averaged 85% and 91%, respectively, of the uninjured wrist; grip strength averaged 92% compared with the uninjured side. The average Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand outcome score for the injured wrist was 9. Sixty-two percent of patients achieved a 100° arc of flexion and extension and normal forearm rotation by postoperative week 6. Radiographic alignment was maintained between immediate postoperative and final follow-up films, and there were no cases of symptomatic arthritis at the final follow-up evaluation. Conclusions Fragment-specific fixation is a reasonable alternative for treating intra-articular fractures of the distal radius. At final follow-up evaluations, patients had good to excellent results with respect to range of motion, grip strength, radiographic alignment, and satisfaction scores. Stable fixation allowed starting active and passive motion of the wrist without compromising postoperative alignment. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
c-Abl is required for development and optimal cell proliferation in the context of p53 deficiency

The c-Abl tyrosine kinase and the p53 tumor suppressor protein interact functionally and biochemically in cellular genotoxic stress response pathways and are implicated as downstream mediators of ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated). This fact led us to study genetic interactions in vivo between c-Abl and p53 by examining the phenotype of mice and cells deficient in both proteins. c-Abl-null mice show high neonatal mortality and decreased B lymphocytes, whereas p53-null mice are prone to tumor development. Surprisingly, mice doubly deficient in both c-Abl and p53 are not viable, suggesting that c-Abl and p53 together contribute to an essential function required for normal development. Fibroblasts lacking both c-Abl and p53 were similar to fibroblasts deficient in p53 alone, showing loss of the G1/S cell-cycle checkpoint and similar clonogenic survival after ionizing radiation. Fibroblasts deficient in both c-Abl and p53 show reduced growth in culture, as manifested by reduction in the rate of proliferation, saturation density, and colony formation, compared with fibroblasts lacking p53 alone. This defect could be restored by reconstitution of c-Abl expression. Taken together, these results indicate that the ATM phenotype cannot be explained solely by loss of c-Abl and p53 and that c-Abl contributes to enhanced proliferation of p53-deficient cells. Inhibition of c-Abl function may be a therapeutic strategy to target p53-deficient cells selectively.
Diagnosis and treatment of a communicating uterus didelphys with an atretic hemivagina: utility of 3-dimensional and intraoperative sonography.

The specific association of a uterus didelphys, an obstructed hemivagina, and an absent ipsilateral kidney was first described by Wilson 1 in 1925. Since that time, the constellation of a uterus didelphys, an obstructed hemivagina, and sometimes an absent ipsilateral kidney has been reported as presenting with a concurrent cyclical vaginal mass, 1-7 hematocolpos, 1-8 a foul vaginal discharge, 2,3,9,10 intermenstrual bleeding, 2,4,9 acute abdominal pain, 2,5,7,8 and urinary symptoms. 4 Methods for resection of the transverse vaginal septum have been proposed, and successful term pregnancy after resection has been reported.
Clinical Frontiers and the Three Phases of Sexuality: Proception, Acception and Conception

Enlargement of today’s knowledge of the differentiation and development of human sexuality most certainly should bring with it a new academic tradition, namely, the establishment of an independent department of sexology in most, if not all, medical schools. Today there is a new trend to match gynecology with andrology, at least in divisions, if not full departments. That is not enough, for sexuality is a mutual, not a solo, phenomenon. The sexual system of the body is dimorphic, male and female, and the other systems are not. Disorders of the sexual system are disorders of a partnership, involving and affecting each partner. That is why sexology needs to be its own discipline, specializing in the partnership.
Evaluation of carbon-11-labeled 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-[4'-((Z)-2-iodoethenyl)phenyl]nortropane as a potential radioligand for imaging the serotonin transporter by PET

The nortropane cocaine analogue, 2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-[4'-((Z)-2-iodoethenyl)phenyl]nortropane (ZIENT), is a high affinity, selective serotonin transporter (SERT) ligand that has shown promise as a SERT imaging agent for single photon computed tomography (SPECT) when labeled with I-123. Synthesis of the labeling precursor, radiosynthesis of [(11)C]ZIENT, and in vivo evaluation in anesthetized and awake monkeys have been performed to determine the suitability of [(11)C]ZIENT as a PET agent for SERT imaging.
A 47 Gb/s LDPC decoder with improved low error rate performance

A parallel low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoder is designed for the (2048,1723) Reed-Solomon-based LDPC (RS-LDPC) code suitable for 10GBASE-T Ethernet. A two-step decoding scheme lowers the error floor to a 10−14 BER. The decoder architecture is optimized for area, power, and high throughput. The resulting 5.35 mm2, 65nm CMOS chip achieves a decoding throughput of 47.7 Gb/s. With scaled frequency and voltage, the chip delivers a 6.67 Gb/s throughput while dissipating 144 mW of power.
Multiple RNA regulatory elements mediate distinct steps in localization of oskar mRNA

Pattern formation in the early development of many organisms relies on localized cytoplasmic proteins, which can be prelocalized as mRNAs. The Drosophila oskar gene, required both for posterior body patterning and germ cell determination, encodes one such mRNA. Localization of oskar mRNA is an elaborate process involving movement of the transcript first into the oocyte from adjacent interconnected nurse cells and then across the length of the oocyte to its posterior pole. We have mapped RNA regulatory elements that direct this localization. Using a hybrid lacZ/oskar mRNA, we identify several elements within the oskar 3' untranslated region that affect different steps in the process: the early movement into the oocyte, accumulation at the anterior margin of the oocyte and finally localization to the posterior pole. This use of multiple cis-acting elements suggests that localization may be orchestrated in a combinatorial fashion, thereby allowing localized mRNAs with ultimately different destinations to employ common mechanisms for shared intermediate steps.
Central nervous system regulation of eating: Insights from human brain imaging

Appetite and body weight regulation are controlled by the central nervous system (CNS) in a rather complicated manner. The human brain plays a central role in integrating internal and external inputs to modulate energy homeostasis. Although homeostatic control by the hypothalamus is currently considered to be primarily responsible for controlling appetite, most of the available evidence derives from experiments in rodents, and the role of this system in regulating appetite in states of hunger/starvation and in the pathogenesis of overeating/obesity remains to be fully elucidated in humans. Further, cognitive and affective processes have been implicated in the dysregulation of eating behavior in humans, but their exact relative contributions as well as the respective underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We briefly review each of these systems here and present the current state of research in an attempt to update clinicians and clinical researchers alike on the status and future directions of obesity research.
Preliminary investigation of the lateral postural stability of spinal cord-injured individuals subjected to dynamic perturbations.

Preliminary investigation of the lateral postural stability of spinal cord-injured individuals subjected to dynamic perturbations
Adhesive Peptide Sequences Regulate Valve Interstitial Cell Adhesion, Phenotype and Extracellular Matrix Deposition

Knowledge of how extracellular matrix (ECM) binding impacts valve interstitial cells (VICs) is critical not only to better understanding the etiology of valvular diseases but also to constructing living valve substitutes that can grow and remodel. Use of ECM-mimicking adhesive peptides with specific affinity to different receptors provides insights into adhesion-mediated cell signaling and downstream outcomes. Expression of adhesion receptors by VICs was assessed by flow cytometry and used to guide the choice of peptides studied. The peptide RGDS with affinity to multiple integrin receptors, and specific receptor-targeting peptides DGEA (integrin α2β1), YIGSR (67kDa laminin/elastin receptor; 67LR), and VAPG (67LR) were incorporated into hydrogels to investigate their effects on VICs. DGEA, YIGSR, and VAPG alone were insufficient to induce stable VIC adhesion. As a result, these peptides were studied in combination with 1 mM RGDS. For VICs cultured on two-dimensional hydrogel surfaces, YIGSR and VAPG down-regulated the expression of smooth muscle α-actin (myofibroblast activation marker); DGEA promoted VIC adhesion and VIC-mediated ECM deposition and inhibited the activity of alkaline phosphatase (osteogenic differentiation marker). Further, YIGSR and DGEA in combination promoted ECM deposition while inhibiting both myofibroblastic and osteogenic differentiation. However, VICs behaved differently to adhesive ligands when cultured within three-dimensional hydrogels, with most VICs assuming a healthy, quiescent phenotype under all peptide conditions tested. DGEA promoted ECM deposition by VICs within hydrogels. Overall, we demonstrate that the presentation of defined peptides targeting specific adhesion receptors can be used to regulate VIC adhesion, phenotype and ECM synthesis.
The Bone Microenvironment: a Fertile Soil for Tumor Growth

Bone metastatic disease remains a significant and frequent problem for cancer patients that can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, despite decades of research, bone metastases remain incurable. Current studies have demonstrated that many properties and cell types within the bone and bone marrow microenvironment contribute to tumor-induced bone disease. Furthermore, they have pointed to the importance of understanding how tumor cells interact with their microenvironment in order to help improve both the development of new therapeutics and the prediction of response to therapy.
The European species of Foersterella Dalla Torre (Hymenoptera: Tetracampidae), including the description of two new species.

The European species of Foersterella Dalla Torre 1897 (Hymenoptera: Tetracampidae) are treated, including two previously described species, F. erdoesi Boucek and F. reptans (Nees), and two new species, F. angusticornis sp. nov. and F. fuscicornis sp. nov. Morphological concepts of the species are based mainly on characters in the male antenna, which females lack, and with the exception of F. erdoesi females are currently not possible to identify to species. A key for the identification of species is included, as well as illustrations to facilitate the identification.
Plasmon-Enhanced Solar Energy Harvesting

Solar energy can be directly converted to electrical energy via photovoltaics. Alternatively, solar energy can be converted and stored in chemical fuels through photoelectrochemical cells and photocatalysis (see front cover image), allowing continued power production when the sky is cloudy or dark. The conversion of solar energy is regulated by four processes: light absorption, charge separation, charge migration, and charge recombination. An individual material cannot be optimized for all four processes. Incorporation of plasmonic nanostructures with semiconductors offers an alternative route to improve the solar energy conversion efficiency. One enhancement mechanism is a so called photonic enhancement, the other one is plasmonic energy transfer enhancement. Two different mechanisms of plasmonic energy transfer enhancement are discussed: plasmon-induced resonant energy transfer (PIRET) from the metal to the semiconductor and direct electron transfer (DET). Plasmonic nanostructures can be designed with orders of magnitude larger EM field enhancements, creating the possibility of highly efficient photocatalysts and solar cells.
Toward Pediatric Precision Medicine: Examples of Genomics-Based Stratification Strategies

Next generation sequencing and low-cost genotyping technologies are opening up new avenues to translate genomics-based stratification and genetic variant information into improved care and personalized interventions in the clinic. Towards that goal, genome-wide variant information has become an important tool for cohort identification and stratification, phenotype-genotype association studies, discovery of disease markers, prediction of endo-phenotypes, and clinical decision support. This chapter focuses on the use of genetic variant information in the context of pediatric autoimmune diseases and pain management in a pediatric surgery setting. Genome-wide variant detection and discovery, as well as targeted gene sequencing approaches are discussed through the lenses of the resulting informatics challenges, implied tailored research informatics solutions, and integration with clinical informatics systems. These challenges and solutions are illustrated using three specific applications, namely: (i) cohort stratification analysis; (ii) prediction of classical HLA alleles from variant data in the context of pediatric autoimmune diseases; and (iii) predictive decision models for the management of surgical pain and opioid-related adverse outcomes in children.
Transformation optics-inspired dispersion-corrected gradient-index lens design

Transformation optics is applied to interpret the dispersive nature of materials via changes in geometry, providing an alternative methodology for dispersion correction. An example is proposed and analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Postoperative Patient-Controlled Analgesia in the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit

Background High rates of uncontrolled pain in critically ill patients remain common. Patient-controlled analgesia is more effective than traditional intravenous as-needed dosing regimens for managing postoperative pain in older children and adults. Objective To determine whether pain-related clinical outcomes in patients from age 10 years to adult following cardiac surgery are improved by using patient-controlled analgesia as a pain management strategy. Methods Using the plan-do-study-act method of quality improvement, a process was instituted to have both staff and patients' families support the use of patient-controlled analgesia postoperatively as opposed to traditional pain control with as-needed analgesics. Use of as-needed medications and pain scores were retrospectively compared from before to after initiation of patient-controlled analgesia. Results The cumulative mean pain score from the time of extubation through the following 24 hours decreased from 4.14 (on a scale from 0 to 10) when strictly as-needed medications were used to 2.8 with patient-controlled analgesia. Further, the mean amount of opioid consumed decreased from 14.98 mg of morphine and 22.27 mg of oxycodone to 13.58 mg of morphine and 3.33 mg of oxycodone after implementation of patient-controlled analgesia. Conclusions Standardized use of patient-controlled analgesia for postoperative pain management in patients 10 years of age through adulthood is efficient and effective, as evidenced by less medication being consumed by patients and lower mean pain scores.
Iodine Pentoxide Nano-rods for High Density Energetic Materials

The iodine pentoxide is one of the most advanced oxidizers for nanostructured energetic formulations among the thermites due to the highest energy release per volume 25.7 kJ cm−3. The size and shape of iodine pentoxide particles have a strong impact on the pressurization rates during the reaction. Although micro-sized iodine pentoxide particles are commercially available, nano-sized particles, which are desired for various nano-energetic applications, are not available on the market. Conventional wet chemical methods are unable to produce iodine pentoxide nanoparticles due to high solubility in water. In this study, we demonstrate fabrication of iodine pentoxide nano-rods by high energy mechanical treatment of micro-sized I2O5 particles. Tuning the energy dose in high-energy ball milling is allowing to produce I2O5 nano-rods with diameter of 50–100 nm and length of 300–600 nm. The produced nano-rods exhibited 10 % smaller decomposition energy compared to the precursor of micro particles. The experiments showed that the nano-energetic materials prepared with nano-sized I2O5 rods have pressure discharge value of 43.4 MPa g−1 which is two times higher than using commercial iodine pentoxide particles.
Terrestrial hyperspectral image shadow restoration through fusion with terrestrial lidar

Recent advances in remote sensing technology have expanded the acquisition and fusion of active lidar and passive hyperspectral imagery (HSI) from exclusively airborne observations to include terrestrial modalities. In contrast to airborne collection geometry, hyperspectral imagery captured from terrestrial cameras is prone to extensive solar shadowing on vertical surfaces leading to reductions in pixel classification accuracies or outright removal of shadowed areas from subsequent analysis tasks. We demonstrate the use of lidar spatial information for sub-pixel HSI shadow detection and the restoration of shadowed pixel spectra via empirical methods that utilize sunlit and shadowed pixels of similar material composition. We examine the effectiveness of radiometrically calibrated lidar intensity in identifying these similar materials in sun and shade conditions and further evaluate a restoration technique that leverages ratios derived from the overlapping lidar laser and HSI wavelengths. Simulations of multiple lidar wavelengths, i.e., multispectral lidar, indicate the potential for HSI spectral restoration that is independent of the complexity and costs associated with rigorous radiometric transfer models, which have yet to be developed for horizontal-viewing terrestrial HSI sensors. The spectral restoration performance of shadowed HSI pixels is quantified for imagery of a geologic outcrop through improvements in spectral shape, spectral scale, and HSI band correlation.
Mobile sourcing: A case study of journalistic norms and usage of chat apps:

Since 2011, mobile chat apps have gained significant popularity worldwide and the leading chat apps have surpassed social networking sites in user numbers. These apps have become the hosts for ever...
Drumlin Field on the Ross Sea Continental Shelf, Antarctica

Ross Sea is a broad embayment, approximately 1500 km wide and 900 km long, on the Antarctic coast (Fig. 1). Water depths range from less than 300 m to greater than 1200 m and average in excess of 500 m. The regional bathymetry is dominated by a series of roughly northeast-southwest ridges and troughs. The continental shelf is foredeepened; the inner shelf is deeper than the outer shelf due to a combination of glacial scour and isostatic loading. Repeated expansion of the East and West Antarctic ice sheets is interpreted to have modified the continental shelf. The records of the most recent glacial expansions are preserved in the surficial features and sedimentary deposits of the Ross Sea floor.
Cardiothoracic and vascular procedures

Cardiothoracic and vascular diseases are extremely prevalent in the geriatric population. Age is an independent risk factor of morbidity and mortality for cardiothoracic and vascular procedures. These factors, together with an aging population, have led to the development of new minimally invasive treatments as well as refinements of traditional therapies. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement, percutaneous mitral valve repair, and percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion devices have improved outcomes and provided new therapeutic options for high-risk geriatric patients. Advances in care for traditional cardiac surgical procedures have decreased perioperative morbidity and mortality for elderly patients. Endovascular techniques have decreased morbidity and mortality associated with aortic aneurysm repair. Applying protective ventilation strategies from the critical care literature has decreased the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications following lung resection surgery. While the optimal use of many of these new therapeutic options has yet to be determined in the geriatric population, continued research will only improve the care of this ever-growing patient group.
Impact of a multicomponent, school-based nutrition intervention on students’ lunchtime fruit and vegetable availability and intake: A pilot study evaluating the Shaping Healthy Choices Program

This pilot study evaluated the impact of a school-based intervention integrating garden-enhanced nutrition education, family and community partnerships, and improvements to school fruit and vegetable availability. Two elementary schools in Northern California were randomly assigned to control and intervention. Changes in lunchtime fruit and vegetable intake as well as changes in fruit and vegetable availability were compared between schools, with dietary outcomes assessed among fourth-grade students having complete fruit (n = 111) and vegetable (n = 112) intake data. There were greater increases in vegetable consumption, produce expenditures, and vegetable variety at the intervention than control school (p < 0.01) but no differences for fruit outcomes. The complementary nature of program components illustrates how the promotion of vegetables available at school meals can be connected to garden-enhanced nutrition education.
Correction to: Towards a balanced view of the bacterial tree of life.

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors pointed out that the figure shown as figure S1 is actually figure S2 and vice versa. Figure S1 should show the barcharts, and figure S2 should shows the heatmaps. Figures captions are in the correct order. 1) “...SILVA-only OTUs (37,066 97% OTUs and 1266 85% clusters) (Additional file 3: Figure S2 )...” - > ...SILVA-only OTUs (37,066 97% OTUs and 1266 85% clusters) (Additional file 3: Figure S1 )...” 2) “...in groundwater and soil (Fig. 2, Additional file 2: Figure S1 ).” - > “in groundwater and soil (Fig. 2, Additional file 2: Figure S2 ).” 3) “...from genomes as training data (Additional file 3: Figure S2 , ...” - > “...from genomes as training data (Additional file 3: Figure S1 , ...” 4) “...were predicted to be chimeric (Additional file 3: Figure S2 )” - > “...were predicted to be chimeric (Additional file 3: Figure S1 )”.
Effects of sex steroid hormones on pancreatic cancer in the rat

The incidence of spontaneous and induced neoplasms of the exocrine pancreas in rats is higher in males than in females. Castration, ovariectomy, and hormone replacement with estradiol and testosterone have been shown to influence the growth of carcinogen-induced preneoplastic foci in the azaserine-rat model of pancreatic carcinogenesis. Similar hormonal treatments have also influenced the growth of an azaserine-induced poorly differentiated acinar cell carcinoma that can be transplanted syngeneically in Lewis rats. The effect on growth of preneoplastic lesions and carcinomas is similar. The preneoplastic lesions and transplanted tumors grow faster in intact male rats than in castrated rats, and the growth of the lesions and tumors is inhibited by estrogen treatment. It appears that testosterone supports the growth of preneoplastic foci and carcinomas, whereas estrogen inhibits such growth. The mechanism is unknown and may be direct, or an indirect effect may be mediated through a peptide hormone. Tamoxifen treatment did not significantly influence the growth of the transplanted carcinomas in the rat model.
Development of the Food and Drug Administration's method of analysis for multiple residues of organochlorine pesticides in foods and feeds.

A method of analysis adequate for the detection and measurement of the appropriate amount of pesticide residues in food products must be available before tolerances are established for those residues in and on food products by the Food and Drug Administration. In most instances the method available at the time the tolerance is established is an individual procedure for one specific chemical. Such methods are useful when it is necessary to analyze food products for those specific chemicals. It became obvious a number of years ago that it was impossible to monitor the levels of pesticides in the general food supply effectively and meaningfully by these individual methods. Since the spray history of a given commodity is generally unknown, the chemist does not know which methods to apply; it is economically and physically impractical to apply a large number of individual methods for all the significant chemical residues that may be present. In addition many pesticide compounds are acted upon by light and air or enzyme systems within plants and animals to produce alteration products which may be significant residues; seldom do individual methods determine these alteration products. On the other hand, the multiresidue methods described later do determine many significant alteration products. It was decided that the only reasonable approach to monitoring the food supply was to simplify analyses by developing methods which measure more than one chemical at a time. An ideal method of analysis would be one which detected and quantitatively measured all of the parent and significant alteration products simultaneously.
Structure and Expression of the Atrial Natriuretic Factor Gene

hypertension afflicts millions of people in the United States. In 90% or more of these cases, the etiology of the disease is unknown (38) and is referred to as essential hypertension. There is strong evidence suggesting that a predisposition for essential hypertension may be inherited, but the mode of inheritance is unknown (1).
The January Effect - A New Piece for an Old Puzzle

For decades the finance profession has noticed the tendency of equity prices, most noticeably for small stocks, to rise in value in the month of January. The small stock January effect appears to have been significant over the last thirty five years. However, we demonstrate that even after controlling for both the size of the firm and systematic factors, young firms experience significant and abnormally positive January returns. This age effect has several possible sources, including firm level information uncertainty in January or increased investor demand related to young firms.
Integrating Art and Animation in Teaching Computer Programming for High School Students Experimental Study

This paper discusses the results of an experimental study that was conducted to explore the effect of integrating art and animation in teaching computer programming on high school students' interest and knowledge in programming. The study aimed to explore the students' interest in pursuing a degree in Computer Science (CS) after graduation. Three groups of high school students were targeted with educational programming sessions, and the study variables were measured through pre and posttest surveys. A new web-based programming tool was developed and used as the treatment in this study. The developed tool includes the use of art, animation and code sharing to increase students' motivation in learning computer programming. The results of the study showed that the use of art, animation and code sharing increased students' knowledge, enjoyment, and motivation in learning computer programming, and hence, increased their interest in pursuing a degree in CS after graduation.