cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiple Helmholtz resonator based acoustic liner (Conference Presentation)

While most of the conventional acoustic liner which comprised of a micro-perforated panel (MPP) backed by a honeycomb structure shows good acoustic performance at high or medium frequency range, there is still very challenging for them at low-frequency range. Difference from MPP where resonance frequency of a MPP based liner is much depended on the backing space and shifting the absorption peak of the liner to low-frequency range generally makes the structure bulky and down-grades the absorbing quality, Helmholtz resonators shows easy frequency-tuning ability and outstanding absorption at low-frequency. In this research, by carefully design, the proposed designs of acoustic liner based on multiple Helmholtz resonators (MHR) show very good absorption in a broadband at low-frequency. First, a super unit-cell which is an annulus disk comprised of three segments or Helmholtz resonators is numerically studied to tune the working frequency band into the desired region, to form a broadband working region and to have the supercells absorbing potential. Afterward, the proposed liner constructed by patterning the supercells along the central axis of the liner is studied on absorption by using both commercial code (COMSOL) and theoretical analysis. The results show high absorption (>80%) at low-frequency broadband (400Hz to 650Hz) and good agreement between numerical and theoretical analysis. The proposed design and analysis can be served as effective model and tool for design and constructing advanced acoustic liners.
Endophthalmitis after dropless (Tri-Moxi injection) cataract surgery.

Introduction:A case of endophthalmitis after dropless cataract surgery with intravitreal Tri-Moxi associated with severe vision loss.Case summary:An 82-year-old male developed severe vision loss in...
Transparent mobility in mobile IPv6: an experience report

The publication of Mobile IPv6 RFC 3775 by the IETF is a breakthrough in the data communications industry to achieve the technology convergence required by ubiquitous mobile devices. MIPv6 not only brings the possibility of innovative distributed applications and services for mobile devices but also allows a transparent use of existing distributed applications even when they have been designed and developed for non-mobile platforms. This work document describes the experience acquired by testing a chat application for IPv6 [3], designed and developed for a desktop computer, on a mobile device running Mobile IPv6. The description is focused on the fundamentals of the transparent mobility property: during the tests, the device was moving from one network to a different one without affecting the applications' TCP connections.
Implementing the REACH after-school programme for youth in urban communities: Challenges and lessons learned:

This research sought to uncover challenges that arose in the implementation of the Reflective Educational Approach to Character and Health (REACH) after-school programme in a low-income public scho...
Litigation involving pediatric surgical conditions.

Abstract Purpose Malpractice litigation among pediatric surgeons is a subject of concern and interest, but minimal factual data are known. Our goal was to investigate national litigation trends regarding pediatric surgical conditions. Methods We queried WestlawNext database for malpractice cases involving pediatric (age ≤ 18) surgical conditions. Cases were included if they named a care provider or health center. We gathered data on diagnoses, procedures, care providers, allegations, location, and outcomes. Results Our search revealed 4754 cases, and 170 met inclusion criteria. These ranged from 1965 to 2017 and represented 40 states. 110 cases involved a surgeon (41% pediatric surgeons). Appendicitis was the most common diagnosis identified. Cases frequently involved delayed/missed diagnoses or interventions (45.9%), technical concerns (35.9%), mortalities (26.5%), negligent perioperative care (23.6%), and informed consent concerns (4.7%). Technical complication was the most common allegation against surgeons (49.1%), and nonsurgeon cases typically involved a delayed/missed diagnosis (78.3%). 39% of cases resulted in favor of the defendant, 35% plaintiff, and 14% had a split verdict. Conclusion Litigation involving pediatric surgical conditions is diverse, but appendicitis and circumcision comprise almost a third of cases. A greater understanding of these trends can help steer efforts in quality and safety as well as guide improved communication with families. Level of evidence N/A
Oxygen saturation histogram monitoring to reduce death or retinopathy of prematurity: a quality improvement initiative

Maintaining preterm infants within a goal oxygen saturation range challenges care providers. Through periodic assessment of saturation trends on infants’ bedside histogram reports, our initiative aimed to (1) increase time spent at goal saturations and (2) reduce death or severe retinopathy of prematurity. The initiative integrated histogram monitoring into provider, respiratory, and nursing care. Achieved oxygen saturations, chart audits, and bedside histogram monitoring flowsheets provided process measures with the outcome measure of death or severe retinopathy of prematurity. In infants <29 weeks’ gestation (n = 518), the rate of death or severe retinopathy of prematurity prior to hospital discharge decreased from 32.1% to 18.0%. Time at goal saturations (90-95%) increased from 48.7% to 57.6%. In infants born at <29 weeks’ gestation, periodic, multidisciplinary oxygen saturation histogram monitoring improved time at goal saturations and was associated with a reduction in death or severe retinopathy of prematurity.
Toward a precision behavioral medicine approach to addressing high-risk sun exposure: a qualitative analysis.

Objectives Precision behavioral medicine techniques integrating wearable ultraviolet radiation (UVR) sensors may help individuals avoid sun exposure that places them at-risk for skin cancer. As a preliminary step in our patient-centered process of developing a just-in-time adaptive intervention, this study evaluated reactions and preferences to UVR sensors among melanoma survivors. Materials and Methods Early stage adult melanoma survivors were recruited for a focus group (n = 11) or 10-day observational study, which included daily wearing a UVR sensor and sun exposure surveys (n = 39). Both the focus group moderator guide and observational study exit interviews included questions on UVR sensing as a potential intervention strategy. These responses were transcribed and coded using an inductive strategy. Results Most observational study participants (84.6%) said they would find information provided by UVR sensors to be useful to help them learn about how specific conditions (eg, clouds, location) impact sun exposure and provide in-the-moment alerts. Focus group participants expressed enthusiasm for UVR information and identified preferred qualities of a UVR sensor, such as small size and integration with other devices. Participants in both studies indicated concern that UVR feedback may be difficult to interpret and some expressed that a UVR sensor may not be convenient or desirable to wear in daily life. Discussion Melanoma survivors believe that personalized UVR exposure information could improve their sun protection and want this information delivered in a method that is meaningful and actionable. Conclusion UVR sensing is a promising component of a precision behavioral medicine strategy to reduce skin cancer risk.
Japan’s Imperial Underworlds: intimate encounters at the borders of empire: by David R. Ambaras, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2018, x + 298 pp., £75.00/$99.99 (hardback), ISBN: 978-1-10847-011-7

David Ambaras’s captivating new study shows how the fluid maritime boundaries between China and imperial Japan were constructed and contested from the 1860s to the 1940s. Stories of kidnapped child...
A CASE OF DIAPHRAGMATIC EVENTRATION MIMICKING CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS

Septal bounce (SB) and exaggerated interventricular dependence (EIVD) are considered pathognomonic for constrictive pericarditis (CP) and tamponade, where cardiac distensibility is limited due to pericardial pathology. We describe an unusual nonpericardial cause of septal bounce. A 58 year old male
Surviving the grind: how young black women negotiate physical and emotional labor in urban space

This study draws on nearly 2 years of field research in Central East Oakland, CA, to provide an ethnographic account of the daily experiences of poor, young, black women in urban space. Few scholar...
Assessing an Aviation Out-of-School Time Program: A Collective Case Study

Recent hiring trends fueled by a growing shortage of qualified pilots and aircraft mechanics serve to increase the pressure on the aviation community to attract young people to the profession. Given the historical reality that the industry is predominantly white and male, this dynamic supports efforts to increase access to underrepresented populations, including women and people of color. This collective instrumental case study sought to contribute insights and outcomes from providing an aviation module during an Out-of-School Time (OST) program in an underserved, primarily African American neighborhood. Thirty-one youth campers and 12 adult camp counselors participated. Thematic analysis and descriptive statistics were conducted to explore data collected via surveys, worksheets, reflections, and observations. The perspectives and attitudes of the youth and counselors who participated in the program were decidedly positive. The results suggested that the campers were connected, engaged, and motivated, even as they seemed at times to be distracted in the program. Games, worksheets, age-appropriate challenges, and one-on-one supervision were effective in supporting lecture and simulator activities. The outcomes recommend the development of aviation programs with activities closely tailored to age-appropriate academic objectives. Additionally, studies to further understand their value may provide insight into the long-term benefits of youth engaged in such programs.
Effect of Number of Digits on Human Precision Manipulation Workspaces

Precision manipulation, or moving small objects held in the fingertips, is likely the most heavily utilized class of dexterous within-hand manipulation and adds greatly to the capabilities of the human hand. This article focuses on studying the effects of varying the number of digits used on the resulting manipulation abilities, in terms of translational workspaces and rotational ranges, by manipulating two circular objects, 50 mm and 80 mm in diameter. In general, as the number of digits in contact with the object increases, the results show a significant reduction in precision manipulation workspace range for four of the six translation and rotation directions and no significant change in the other two, suggesting that for these particular metrics, more fingers result in a reduction in performance. Furthermore, while two digits results in the largest workspaces for five of the six translation and rotation axes, the lack of ability to control rotation in the distal-proximal direction suggests that three digits may be more desirable for overall precision manipulation dexterity.
Custos: Security Middleware for Science Gateways

Science gateways represent potential targets for cybersecurity threats to users, scientific research, and scientific resources. In this paper, we introduce Custos, a software framework that provides common security operations for science gateways, including user identity and access management, gateway tenant profile management, resource secrets management, and groups and sharing management. The goals of the Custos project are to provide these services to a wide range of science gateway frameworks, providing the community with an open source, transparent, and reviewed code base for common security operations; and to operate trustworthy security services for the science gateway community using this software base. To accomplish these goals, we implement Custos using a scalable microservice architecture that can provide highly available, fault tolerant operations. Custos exposes these services through a language-independent Application Programming Interface that encapsulates science gateway usage scenarios.
Thread- and Capillary Tube-Based Electrodes for the Detection of Glucose and Acetylthiocholine.

An electrochemical sensor for the detection of glucose and acetylthiocholine (ATC) using thread- and capillary tube-based electrodes is described. Three nylon thread-based electrodes were fabricated by painting pieces of trifurcated nylon thread with conductive inks and threading the electrodes into capillary tubes. Two platforms, one paper-based and the other utilizing bubble wrap, were examined. For the glucose detection, a solution containing glucose oxidase (GOx), potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]), and increasing concentrations of glucose (0–20 mM) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was spotted onto the two platforms. Similarly, increasing concentrations of ATC (0–9.84 mg/mL) in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (0.08 U/mL) and PBS solution were detected. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV), a scanning voltage was applied to yield a graph of voltage applied (V) vs. current output (A). For both platforms, both glucose and ATC concentrations were observed to be linearly proportional to the current output as demonstrated by the increased height of the oxidation peaks. The three-electrode system was simple to fabricate, inexpensive, and could be used for multiple readings.
Nonapproximated third-order exchange induction energy in symmetry-adapted perturbation theory.

The exchange terms in symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) are normally calculated within the so-called S2 or single exchange approximation, which approximates the all-electron antisymmetrizer by interchanges of at most one electron pair between the interacting molecules. This approximation is typically very accurate at the van der Waals minimum separation and at larger intermolecular distances but begins to deteriorate at short range. Nonapproximated expressions for the second-order SAPT exchange corrections have been derived some time ago by Schaffer and Jansen [Mol. Phys. 111, 2570 (2013)]. In this work, we extend Schaffer and Jansen’s formalism to derive and implement a nonapproximated expression for the third-order exchange-induction correction. Numerical tests on several representative noncovalent databases show that the S2 approximation underestimates the exchange-induction contributions in both second and third orders. This underestimation is very similar in relative terms, but the larger absolute values of the third-order exchange-induction effects, and their near complete cancellation with the corresponding induction energies, make the third-order errors more severe. In the worst-case scenario of interactions involving ions, the breakdown of the S2 approximation can result in a qualitatively wrong, attractive character of SAPT total energies at short range {as first observed by Lao and Herbert [J. Phys. Chem. A 116, 3042 (2012)]}. As expected, the inclusion of the full third-order exchange-induction energy in place of its S2-approximated counterpart restores the correct, repulsive short-range behavior of the SAPT potential energy curves computed through the third order.
Warfare in Independent Africa

This book surveys the history of armed conflict in Africa in the period since decolonization and independence. The number of post-independence conflicts in Africa has been considerable, and this book introduces to readers a comprehensive analysis of their causes and character. Tracing the evolution of warfare from anti-colonial and anti-apartheid campaigns to complex conflicts in which factionalized armies, militias and rebel groups fight with each other and prey upon non-combatants, it allows the readers a new perspective to understand violence on the continent. The book is written to appeal not only to students of history and African politics, but also to experts in the policy community, the military and humanitarian agencies.
Learning by tagging: group knowledge formation in a self-organizing learning community

This research explores the use of Social Tagging as a means by which group knowledge is formed within a learning community. A study of an undergraduate Business School class that utilizes Social Tagging is undertaken to analyze the patterns and evolution of use of tags in order to make a case for Social Tagging as a viable means to visualize and facilitate group knowledge formation.
MESENTERIC VASCULAR OCCLUSION IN LATE PREGNANCY.

Mrs. C. D. was first seen in the Prenatal Clinic on April 26, 1961. She was a 19-year-old, white, married gravida i, para 0, with typical signs of early pregnancy. It should be noted that the patient had no history of previous abdominal surgery. Physical examination revealed a somewhat obese girl with completely normal findings other than the presence of a 6 weeks intrauterine pregnancy. The prenatal course was completely uneventful until 32 weeks’ gestation when she exhibited a trace of glucose in a routine urine sample. At 34 weeks of gestation a routine urinalysis revealed the presence of a three plus glucose and a glucose tolerance test was planned for the postpartum period. The weight gain had been 10 Kg. At 35 weeks’ gestation, suddenly at midnight the patient began having intermittent abdominal pain with associated nausea and backache. Physical examination was essentially normal. The uterus was well relaxed and the fetal heart tones were normal and regular. Tenderness was present over the symphysis and the groins. A catheterized specimen of urine contained many white blood cells. The patient vomited for the first time during the examination. She was admitted to the hospital for the investigation of the pyuria and unexplained abdominal pain. Intravenous fluid was administered and she was given nothing by mouth. Four hours later the pain was localized to the left side of the uterus; the temperature was normal, the blood pressure was slightly elevated; and the pulse which had been 72 was now 120 per minute. Four hours later the uterus became tense and intermittent contractions occurred. White blood cell count was 20,000. The pain in the abdomen became more marked and the fetal heart tones became elevated to 20@ per minute. A vaginal examination with sterile precaution revealed the cervix to be 3 cm. dilated but thick. A tentative diagnosis of partial abruptio placentae was made and it was decided that immediate cesarean section was indicated. Under general anesthesia a laparotrachelotomy was done. Upon entering the peritoneal cavity, a moderate amount of serosanguineous fluid was observed. However, the significance of this finding was not realized at the time. A living 2,550 gram female infant was delivered which required 4 minutes of endotracheal resuscitation before adequate respiration and crying were established. Upon inspection of the placenta prior to removal it was found no abruptio had occurred. Following closure of the uterus, inspection of the adnexa and appendix revealed no acute pathologic lesion. It was at this time that an area of gangrenous small bowel was visualized, measuring approximately 9 inches in length and occurring 15 inches proximal to the ileocecal valve. The section of bowel was deep purple in color, edematous, and exuding the serosanguineous fluid previously mentioned. There were no adhesions, volvulus, or intussusception. Excision of the gangrenous bowel and endto-end anastomosis was then performed. Following this the patient had a rapid recovery
Cosmopolitans and Locals: Status Rivalries, Deference, and Knowledge in International Teams

Drawing on sociological role theory, this chapter introduces and explains the distinction between cosmopolitan and local role orientations as status categories in international teams. Qualitative data from a multimethod field study conducted at a leading international development agency illustrates that the high status of cosmopolitans and locals in this setting was based on expectations that these team members would enable their teams to more effectively interpret knowledge obtained from outside sources. The possible dynamics of status rivalry and deference in teams with cosmopolitan and local membership are explored, and their implications for team performance are addressed. Thus, status in groups is viewed as both contested and contingent on the situation.
Reading with Selection in Mind

The Literary Animal . Evolution and the Nature of Narrative. Jonathan Gottschall and David Sloan Wilson, Eds. . Northwestern University Press, Evanston, IL, 2005. 332 pp. $79.95. ISBN 0-8101-2286-3. Paper, $29.95. ISBN 0-8101-2287-1. The contributors, who include both literary analysts and evolutionary biologists, offer a Darwinian perspective on the creation, reception, and interpretation of literature.
A method for separating and concentrating platelets from normal human blood.

T HE EFFECTS of transfusions of platelet-rich blood from polycythemic donors given to patients with thrombocytopenic purpura have been studied by Hirsch, Favre-Gilly and Dameshek,’ Hirsch and Gardner,2 Stefanini and Chatterjea,3 and Stefanini et al.4 Such transfusions have been followed by changes in prothrombin consumption, clot retraction, bleeding time and capillary fragility toward normal, and in many instances to normal, for varying periods of time; and, in the presence of active bleeding, by a more or less pronounced beneficial effect on the hemorrhagic diathesis, lasting well beyond the time during which the platelet count had been temporarily normalized. Duke5 had previously described the effect of direct transfusions of whole blood given to 3 thrombocytopenic patients; he noted a rise in the platelet count-, lasting about two days, and complete relief from spontaneous hemorrhages for three days. These studies have suggested the desirability of a method for obtaining large numbers of functionally intact platelets from normal blood. Two procedures have recently been described for this purpose: that of Freeman,6 in which columns of ion-exchange resin are used, and that of Dillard, Brecher and Cronkite,7 which depends on the use of Sequesterene Na2 as an anticoagulant, and differential centrifugation. The present report describes a met-hod which has been used for the preparation of platelet concentrates from ACD blood, and which thus involves no significant change in the procedure for blood collection now widely used. Preliminary clinical studies have indicated that transfusions of these platelet concentrates have effects similar to those described following the transfusion of platelet-rich polycythemic blood.8
Sex difference in the association between obesity and asthma in U.S. adults: Findings from a national study

Abstract Background Obesity and asthma are both prevalent in the U.S. The a few studies that have examined the differences in association between obesity and asthma by sex provided mixed results. Reason for the sex differences is not well understood. Objective Using U.S. nationally representative data we aimed to examine the association between obesity and asthma and potential sex differences. Methods Data were obtained from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey (n = 33,153 adults, 4197 had asthma). Asthma was determined by a positive response to the question “Has a doctor or health care professional ever told you had asthma?” Obesity was determined as a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 30. Obese status was categorized as BMI = 30–34.9 (Class I obesity), BMI = 35–39.9 (Class II obesity), and BMI ≥ 40 (Class III obesity). Results The prevalence of asthma was 12.6% (11.0% in men, 14.2% in women), and was higher in the obese than non-obese individuals (16.6% vs. 11.1%, p Conclusion The prevalence of asthma was higher in women than men. Obesity (and BMI) was positively associated with asthma, overall or stratified by allergic status. The association between Class III obesity and asthma was stronger in women. Obesity and sex may be taken into consideration for the management of asthmatic patients.
Stochastic Modelling of a Dilute Fluid-Particle Suspension

The bulk properties (such as average sedimentation speed and diffusion coefficient) in a sedimenting suspension of solid particles are sensitive to the statistical distribution of the particles. In this paper a method for determining the two particle distribution is described. In this method the particles are treated as point forces and only three particle interactions are included. Under several approximations it is shown that the two particle distribution separates into a product of functions of distance between the pair and of angle between the pair and the vertical.
ASSEMBLAGES OF SPIDERS ON MODELS OF SEMI-ARID SHRUBS

Abstract Many environmental factors influence the composition of animal assemblages. For spider assemblages, plant architecture is an important variable. Here we examine the effects of various plant architectural attributes by using models of shrubs in which we control branch orientation (horizontal or vertical) and height above the ground (0, 10, or 40 cm). Guild membership, based on hunting strategy (jumpers, pursuers, ambushers, or trappers), was used to characterize spider assemblages. Five replicates of the six treatments (two orientations by three heights) were randomly placed in a 60 m by 50 m grid among big sagebrush in a shrub-steppe habitat and sampled at 3 week intervals from July–October in 1997 and 1998. ANOVA was used to demonstrate that not only do single architectural variables influence the distribution of spiders but also the interaction of architectural variables influence spider distribution. Differences in the assemblages of spiders on the models were the result of architecture differ...
Conceptual Revolutions in Twentieth-Century Art: Artists and the Market: From Leonardo and Titian to Warhol and Hirst

Introduction There's a real sense that when you start quantifying artistic output in dollars and cents, those things are tangents to what we really should be talking about. Michael Rooks, curator, Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago In an era in which many previously forbidden subjects, including race, sex, religion, and drugs, have become favored themes for public discussion, the nexus between money and art remains perhaps the last taboo topic for many art scholars and critics. The extent of this prudish distaste may account for the relative neglect of a striking recent innovation by a number of important conceptual artists, who have decisively broken with a tradition that has ruled the art world since the Renaissance. A brief history of the relationship between artists and the market can serve to place this innovation in perspective. The Renaissance Ideal A mind intent on gain will rarely obtain the reward of fame with posterity. Leon Battista Alberti, 1435 During the Middle Ages, artists were considered craftsmen. Painters' guilds were first founded in Italy late in the thirteenth century, and from there this practice spread throughout Europe. Sculptors and architects were also organized in guilds, along with masons and bricklayers. As the social and economic status of artists improved, objections to guild supervision appeared. In 1434, for example, Filippo Brunelleschi refused to pay his dues to the guild of building workers, and the guild's officials had him thrown in prison.
Frozen fragment reduced variational space analysis of hydrogen bonding interactions. Application to the water dimer

Abstract A reduced variational space method is presented for analyzing hydrogen bonding interactions in terms of Coulomb and exchange, polarizability, and charge-transfer components. The method relies on the use of SCF optimized monomer orbitais in dimer calculations in which the wavefunction of one monomer is held frozen while the other is optimized with a basis set including selected subsets of the unoccupied monomer orbitals. Freezing the monomer wavefunctions allows the polarizability and charge-transfer interactions to be ascribed to specific monomers. Applications are presented for the interaction energy and dipole moment of the water dimer.
SU-E-T-562: Scanned Percent Depth Dose Curve Discrepancy for Photon Beams with Physical Wedge in Place (Varian IX) Using Different Sensitive Volume Ion Chambers

Purpose: To investigate and report the discrepancy of scanned percent depth dose (PDD) for photon beams with physical wedge in place when using ion chambers with different sensitive volumes. Methods/Materials: PDD curves of open fields and physical wedged fields (15, 30, 45, and 60 degree wedge) were scanned for photon beams (6MV and 10MV, Varian iX) with field size of 5x5 and 10x10 cm using three common scanning chambers with different sensitive volumes - PTW30013 (0.6cm3), PTW23323 (0.1cm3) and Exradin A16 (0.007cm3). The scanning system software used was OmniPro version 6.2, and the scanning water tank was the Scanditronix Wellhoffer RFA 300.The PDD curves from the three chambers were compared. Results: Scanned PDD curves of the same energy beams for open fields were almost identical between three chambers, but the wedged fields showed non-trivial differences. The largest differences were observed between chamber PTW30013 and Exradin A16. The differences increased as physical wedge angle increased. The differences also increased with depth, and were more pronounced for 6MV beam. Similar patterns were shown for both 5x5 and 10x10 cm field sizes. For open fields, all PDD values agreed with each other within 1% at 10cm depth and within 1.62% at 20 cm depth. For wedged fields, the difference of PDD values between PTW30013 and A16 reached 4.09% at 10cm depth, and 5.97% at 20 cm depth for 6MV with 60 degree physical wedge. Conclusion: We observed a significant difference in scanned PDD curves of photon beams with physical wedge in place obtained when using different sensitive volume ion chambers. The PDD curves scanned with the smallest sensitive volume ion chamber showed significant difference from larger chamber results, beyond 10cm depth. We believe this to be caused by varying response to beam hardening by the wedges.
“ ‘Epiphanius’ and Patristic Debates on the Marital Status of Peter and Paul”

AbstractA Syriac fragment erroneously ascribed to Epiphanius of Salamis allegedly preserves the names of the wives of Peter and Paul and draws our attention to patristic debates over the marital status of the apostles. In these contexts scriptural interpretation and ascetic ideals interacted, producing varied conclusions about the apostolic teaching and examples. Some patristic authors accepted the married apostles as a matter of fact, while others saw such suggestions as offensive and dangerous. This essay examines the exegetical approaches to key New Testament passages and explores how this fragment fits within the history of interpretation and biographical reception of Peter and Paul.
Concurrent Enrollment and More: Elements of a Successful Partnership

Although concurrent enrollment activities provide an opportunity for cooperation between a community collegeand local high schools, they are not the only opportunity. This chapter examines concurrent enrollment in the context of a larger working relationship between one community college and the high school districts it serves.
On Practical Representation of Magnetic Field

Various manners of determination of a magnetic field are reviewed briefly from the standpoint of practicality and uniqueness. Then a practical representation of magnetic fields in terms of a class of force-free magnetic field is described. The proposed scheme is based on the physical consideration that in the chromosphere and lower corona a quasistatic magnetic field must be nearly force-free and that for the class of force-free magnetic field, i.e., ∇×B=αB with α = constant, the magnetic field can be determined uniquely from the observed distribution of the vertical component of a magnetic field. The applicability of the representation is demonstrated by examples and the limitations are discussed.
Cloning and characterization of Rhesus monkey neuropeptide Y receptor subtypes.

Abstract Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid peptide that is abundant in the brain and peripheral nervous system. NPY has a variety of effects when administered into the brain including a pronounced feeding effect, anxiolysis, regulation of neuroendocrine axes and inhibition of neurotransmitter release. These effects are mediated by up to 6 G protein coupled receptors designated Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5 and y6. To better understand the phylogeny and pharmacology of NPY in non-human primates, we have cloned and expressed the NPY Y1, Y2 and Y5 receptor subtypes from the Rhesus monkey. No cDNA sequence encoding a Y4 receptor was found suggesting substantial sequence differences when compared to the human sequence. Comparison of these sequences with those from human indicated strong sequence conservation of Y1, Y2 and Y5 between the two species. The displacement of 125 I-PYY binding to the Rhesus monkey and human receptors by various peptides was compared to evaluate the pharmacology of the two species. Similar pharmacologies were noted across the species at the various receptor subtypes. These results indicate the Rhesus monkey and human NPY receptor subtypes have a close amino acid sequence conservation and that the peptide recognition domains are conserved as well.
The ideal membership problem in non-commutative polynomial rings

Abstract Let X be a non-commutative monoid with term order; let R be a commutative, unital ring; let I be an ideal in the non-commutative polynomial ring R 〈 X 〉 and let ƒ ∈ R 〈 X 〉. In this setting the problem of determining whether ƒ ∈ I is studied. In a manner analogous to the commutative case, see Moller (1989), weak Grobner bases are defined and their basic properties are studied. We will see that in the non-commutative setting, when the coefficient ring is not a field, and when we enlarge the polynomial ring by adding more variables, weak Grobner bases may exhibit unpleasant behavior that has no analog in the commutative case. Quite in general for ƒ ∈ R 〈 X 〉, it is undecidable whether ƒ ∈ I . This follows from the fact that the word problem for free semigroups is undecidable. If I is generated by a recursively enumerable set, then we give a semi-decision procedure that halts if and only if ƒ∈ I . Finally we examine a class of nicely behaved ideals for which weak Grobner bases can be easly computed.
Scent and the City: Perfume, Consumption, and the Urban Economy1

In human geography, and economic geography in particular, research has traditionally focused on economic activity that is productive and has regarded production and consumption as distinguishable spheres. This study puts that focus into perspective, challenges it from a cultural economy perspective, and characterizes the production and consumption of perfumes in an urban economy. Perfumes serve as an example to claim that the spheres of production and consumption blend, and that the production and consumption of perfumes reflexively fuel and are fueled by the register of passion in an urban emotional economy. The study also seeks to add insights concerning the challenge of spatializing and illustrating the cultural economy of cities.
Nonhydrolytic Synthesis and Electronic Structure of Ligand-Capped CeO2−δ and CeOCl Nanocrystals

A novel and versatile nonhydrolytic approach is developed for the synthesis of ligand-passivated CeO2−δ and CeOCl nanocrystals soluble in nonpolar organic solvents based on the condensation of cerium alkoxides with cerium halides. The alkyl group on the metal alkoxides and the specific halide used in the synthesis are observed to considerably influence the composition and size of the obtained nanocrystals. The obtained nanocrystals are <3 nm in diameter and, owing to their surface-capping groups, yield homogeneous and clear solutions in nonpolar organic solvents with no evidence of agglomeration. The electronic structure of the obtained CeO2−δ nanocrystals has been studied using optical absorption spectroscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy at Ce M- and O K-edges. The latter technique provides detailed insight into the metal valence, geometric structure, and atom-projected density of states in these nanocrystals. Finally, this synthesis method has been expanded to explore the d...
Word document density and relevance scoring (poster session)

Previous work addressing the issue of word distribution in documents has shown the importance of Word repetitiveness as an indicator of the word content-bearing characteristics. In this paper we propose a simple method using a measure of the tendency of words to repeat within a document to separate the words with similar document frequencies, but different topic discriminating characteristics. We describe the application of the new measure in query-document relevance scoring. Experiments on the TREC Ad Hoc and Spoken Document Retrieval tasks [7] show useful performance improvements.
Geometric and Electronic Structure of [{Cu(MeAN)}2(μ-η2:η2(O22−))]2+ with an Unusually Long O–O Bond: O–O Bond Weakening vs Activation for Reductive Cleavage

Certain side-on peroxo-dicopper(II) species with particularly low νO–O (710–730 cm–1) have been found in equilibrium with their bis-μ-oxo-dicopper(III) isomer. An issue is whether such side-on peroxo bridges are further activated for O–O cleavage. In a previous study (Liang, H.-C., et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2002, 124, 4170), we showed that oxygenation of the three-coordinate complex [CuI(MeAN)]+ (MeAN = N-methyl-N,N-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]amine) leads to a low-temperature stable [{CuII(MeAN)}2(μ-η2:η2-O22–)]2+ peroxo species with low νO–O (721 cm–1), as characterized by UV–vis absorption and resonance Raman (rR) spectroscopies. Here, this complex has been crystallized as its SbF6– salt, and an X-ray structure indicates the presence of an unusually long O–O bond (1.540(5) A) consistent with the low νO–O. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure and rR spectroscopic and reactivity studies indicate the exclusive formation of [{CuII(MeAN)}2(μ-η2:η2-O22–)]2+ without any bis-μ-oxo-dicopper(III) isomer presen...
Deuterium sites in the defect pyrochlore DTaWO6: Location from neutron powder diffraction data

Abstract Time-of-flight Rietveld refinement and Fourier synthesis of high-resolution powder diffraction data from DTaWO 6 led to the location of deuterium in partially occupied 48f sites of Fd3m (origin at 3 m) at distances of 1.024(9) A at 300°K and 1.021(10) A at 12°K from each oxygen position. The deuterium sites form spirals in the interconnecting open channels parallel to 〈110〉 directions with distances between nearest neighbors of 2.653(2) A at 300°K and 2.652(2) A at 12°K. These results are consistent with both classical hopping and tunneling models of deuteron transport in this system.
Sulfate transport mechanisms in epithelial systems

A novel invertebrate gastrointestinal transport mechanism has been shown to couple chloride–sulfate exchange in an electrogenic fashion. In the lobster, Homarus americanus, the hepatopancreas, or digestive gland, exists as an outpocketing of the digestive tract, representing a single cell layer separating the gut lumen and an open circulatory system composed of hemolymph. Investigations utilizing independently prepared brush border and basolateral membrane vesicles revealed discrete antiport systems which possess the capacity to bring about a transcellular secretion of sulfate. The luminal antiport system functions as a high-affinity, one-to-one chloride–sulfate exchanger that is stimulated by an increase in luminal hydrogen ion concentration. Such a system would take advantage of the high chloride concentration of ingested seawater as well as the high proton concentrations generated during digestion, which further suggests a potential regulation by resident sodium–proton exchangers. Exchange of one chloride for one divalent sulfate ion provides the driving force for electrogenic vectorial translocation. The basolateral antiport system was found to be electroneutral in nature, responsive to gradients of the dicarboxylic anion oxalate while lacking in proton stimulation. No evidence of sodium–sulfate co-transport, commonly reported for the brush border of vertebrate renal and intestinal epithelia, was observed in either membrane preparation. The two antiporters together can account for the low hemolymph to seawater sulfate levels previously described in decapod crustaceans. A secretory pathway for sulfate based upon electrogenic chloride-antiport may appear among invertebrates partly in response to digestion taking place in a seawater environment. J. Exp. Zool. 289:245–253, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Atypical, Severe Toxoplasmic Retinochoroiditis in Elderly Patients

Background: The diagnosis of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis is based primarily on characteristic ocular findings, with supportive serologic evidence. Clinical recognition of atypical presentations is critical for timely antiparasitic drug therapy. Methods: Case histories were reviewed for seven presumed immunocompetent elderly patients with atypically severe (multifocal or diffuse or both) toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Three cases initially were misdiagnosed as acute retinal necrosis syndrome. The correct diagnosis was confirmed in each case by response to antiparasitic drug therapy, polymerase chain reaction studies of intraocular specimens, or histopathologic analysis. Results: The patients ranged in age from 69 to 82 years (median, 74 years). Only three patients had intercurrent medical conditions that may be associated with subtle immune dysfunction (diabetes mellitus and hepatitis C). The extensive necrotizing retinochoroiditis in each patient was nonhemorrhagic and not associated with occlusive retinal arteritis. Despite prompt response to antiparasitic drug therapy, prolonged treatment usually was required, and four patients had retinitis reactivation after discontinuing treatment. Significant visual loss accompanied the infection in most eyes. Conclusion: Toxoplasmosis should be considered as a cause of multifocal or diffuse necrotizing retinitis or both in elderly patients. Older patients may be more susceptible to severe ocular Toxoplasma infections because of age-related decline in cell-mediated immunity and chronic underlying diseases.
The focus of attention across space and across time

Measures of retrieval speed for recently presented events show a sharp dichotomy between representations in focal attention and representations that are recently processed but no longer attended. When information is presented over time, retrieval measures show that focal attention and rapid privileged access is limited to the most recently processed unit or chunk, not the last 3–5 chunks that Cowan estimates from various recall procedures.
Glycerol-Induced Membrane Stiffening: The Role of Viscous Fluid Adlayers

Lipid interfaces, ranging from cell membranes to thin surfactant layers that stabilize lung alveoli, are integral to living systems. Such interfaces are often subjected to mechanical forces, and because of their membrane-like geometry, they can easily deform by bending into localized folds. In this work, we explore the role of small molecules (i.e., glycerol) on the mechanical stability of model lung surfactant monolayers. We demonstrate that the presence of glycerol increases local monolayer bending stiffness by orders of magnitude. Our x-ray and neutron reflectivity measurements indicate that water is preferentially depleted, or glycerol is preferentially enriched, at the lipid headgroup/solvent interface, and that this glycerol-enriched layer extends O(10A) beneath the monolayer with an adsorption free energy of −2.5 to −4.6 kJ/mol. The dramatic change in membrane bending stiffness in the presence of the sugar adlayer is understood in terms of two models: 1), lipid antiplasticization by glycerol; and 2), a continuum mechanical model of the viscous adlayer.
Performance Analysis of a Tightly Coupled GPS/Inertial System for Two Integrity Monitoring Methods1

Use of an integrated GPS/inertial system can be effective in mitigating the effects of GPS signal interference such as intentional jamming. Currently the GPS/Inertial Working Group of RTCA SC-159 is developing requirements and test procedures for a tightly coupled GPS/inertial system. To support this Working Group, this paper investigates two of the key issues being addressed by the Working Group. The first issue is how well a tightly coupled GPS/inertial system can detect slowly growing errors. This paper investigates this issue for two integrity monitoring methods. The other issue relates to how long the system can coast upon complete loss of GPS signals caused by interference. Using analytic formulas, this paper determines maximum coasting times possible under various scenarios. BIOGRAPHY Dr. Young C. Lee is a Lead Engineer in the Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD) at The MITRE Corporation in McLean, Virginia. He has been working in the area of GPS integrity since 1986, in support of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Supporting the FAA’s Satellite Operational Implementation Team (SOIT), he made major contributions towards the development of Technical Standards Order (TSO)-C129 and subsequent use of the GPS for aviation navigation. Over these years, he presented many papers at the Institute of Navigation (ION) conferences, some of which were published in
The application of computer technology to landscape planning in United States national forests

Abstract During the past 2 years, the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, has been in the process of installing over five million dollars worth of computer graphics equipment for the express purpose of improving landscape planning and resource management techniques for this country's National Forest System. Specifically, this technology is being utilized by Forest Service landscape architects, logging systems specialists and civil engineers to analyze and plan the changing visual environment, design timber removal systems, locate and design roads, and assist in the land management planning process. This paper provides an overview of the circumstances that brought about the increased use of this equipment and systems, and explores situations where it has been used, as well as some projected future applications.
Surgical infections in drug addicts.

Infectious complications are responsible for a majority of the medical and surgical hospital admissions and 15% of the deaths of drug addicts. The most common and serious complication is endocarditis, mostly of the right heart, caused by Staphylococci and/or gram-negative rods. If the endocarditis is caused by the latter group of organisms, early operative intervention with excision of the tricuspid and/or replacement of the mitral and aortic valves is frequently necessary because of poor response to antibiotic treatment. Other complications of generalized sepsis are septic pulmonary emboli, which frequently gives rise to pulmonary abscesses, and splenic abscesses. Infections of the vascular system occur as either suppurative thrombophlebitis or mycotic aneurysms. Soft tissue infections in the form of subcutaneous abscesses, cellulitis, myositis, and necrotizing fasciitis are caused by a mixed flora consisting of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes. The majority of patients with tetanus seen in large cities are drug addicts. Infections of the skeletal system are typically caused bySerratia marcescens orPseudomonas, and present as septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular or sacroiliac joints or osteomyelitis of the spine originating from a disc space infection.
Addition of HCl to the double‐pulse copper chloride laser

Addition of small amounts of hydrogen chloride to the buffer gas of a double-pulse CuCl laser causes an increase in the production of copper atoms in the ground state. A maximum laser energy increase of 15% was observed and the span of delay times for which laser action occurred increased.