cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Privacy-preserving obfuscation for distributed power systems

Abstract This paper considers the problem of releasing privacy-preserving load data of a decentralized operated power system. The paper focuses on data used to solve Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problems and proposes a distributed algorithm that complies with the notion of Differential Privacy, a strong privacy framework used to bound the risk of re-identification. The problem is challenging since the application of traditional differential privacy mechanisms to the load data fundamentally changes the nature of the underlying optimization problem and often leads to severe feasibility issues. The proposed differentially private distributed algorithm is based on the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) and guarantees that the released privacy-preserving data retains high fidelity and satisfies the AC power flow constraints. Experimental results on a variety of OPF benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Symplectic particle-in-cell model for space-charge beam dynamics simulation

Space-charge effects play an important role in high intensity particle accelerators and were studied using a variety of macroparticle tracking models. In this paper, we propose a symplectic particle-in-cell (PIC) model and compare this model with a recently published symplectic gridless particle model and a conventional nonsymplectic PIC model for long-term space-charge simulation of a coasting beam. Using the same step size and the same number of modes for the space-charge Poisson solver, all three models show qualitatively similar emittance growth evolutions and final phase space shapes in the benchmark examples. Quantitatively, the symplectic PIC and the symplectic gridless particle models agree with each other very well, while the nonsymplectic PIC model yields different emittance growth value. Using finer step size, the emittance growth from the nonsymplectic PIC converges towards that from the symplectic PIC model.
Predictors of Placement Outcomes in Treatment Foster Care: Implications for Foster Parent Selection and Service Delivery

Treatment foster care (TFC) is a normalizing environment in which to treat those children whose particular needs are not addressed in traditional foster care and for whom an institutional setting is a restrictive and unnecessary alternative. However, when the foster care placements of these emotionally and behaviorally disturbed children fail, as they often do, the children are shifted from one home to another without the opportunity to experience permanence or emotional attachment, resulting in poor adjustment to foster care. Placement stability, which depends in part upon effective matching of foster children with potential foster families, is critical for achieving positive outcomes in TFC. Yet, there is a dearth of information to guide placement agencies in making decisions about matching foster children with families. Moreover, once a successful match has been made, it is equally vital that service delivery be of high quality so that permanence is maintained. We review research on the predictors of positive outcomes in foster care, focusing on studies involving emotionally or behaviorally disturbed children, and provide recommendations for selecting foster parents and for ensuring high quality foster care services and placement stability.
A Model of Operational Slack: The Short-Run, Medium-Run, and Long-Run Consequences of Limited Attention

This paper studies institutions, such as firms, in which multiple projects can require attention at unpredictable times. Firms respond optimally by limiting the number of projects they simultaneously undertake (medium-term) and by acquiring attention capacity (long-term). The most interesting implications relate to a variable that would otherwise be interpreted as the sign of an agency conflict: idleness (operational slack). In our full-information model, it is optimal for the institution to be idle some of the time. In the medium-term and long-term, when firms respond optimally, they tend to idle *more* when projects require "more" attention and when they have "less" attention capacity. Moreover, natural model extensions suggest that managers who want to signal higher quality or who are overly optimistic take on too many projects. This can explain overinvestment and the diversification discount even when managers are not agency-conflicted.
CD8+ T cell self-tolerance permits responsiveness but limits tissue damage.

Self-specific CD8+ T cells can escape clonal deletion, but the properties and capabilities of such cells in a physiological setting are unclear. We characterized polyclonal CD8+ T cells specific for the melanocyte antigen tyrosinase-related protein 2 (Trp2) in mice expressing or lacking this enzyme (due to deficiency in Dct, which encodes Trp2). Phenotypic and gene expression profiles of pre-immune Trp2/Kb-specific cells were similar; the size of this population was only slightly reduced in wild-type (WT) compared to Dct-deficient (Dct-/-) mice. Despite comparable initial responses to Trp2 immunization, WT Trp2/Kb-specific cells showed blunted expansion and less readily differentiated into a CD25+ proliferative population. Functional self-tolerance clearly emerged when assessing immunopathology: adoptively transferred WT Trp2/Kb-specific cells mediated vitiligo much less efficiently. Hence, CD8+ T cell self-specificity is poorly predicted by precursor frequency, phenotype or even initial responsiveness, while deficient activation-induced CD25 expression and other gene expression characteristics may help to identify functionally tolerant cells.
Density-dependent plant growth drives grazer stimulation of aboveground net primary production in Yellowstone grasslands

The mechanisms by which grazing animals influence aboveground net primary production (ANPP) in grasslands have long been an area of active research. The prevailing wisdom is that grazing can increase ANPP by increasing the availability of growth-limiting resources such as nitrogen and water, but recent theory suggests that the density-dependent growth of grassland vegetation can lead to grazer-stimulation of ANPP simply by removing shoot biomass and increasing relative growth rate (RGR). We compared the relative roles of resource availability and density-dependent growth in driving positive responses of ANPP to grazing in Yellowstone National Park. We measured the effects of clipping (50% simulated grazing intensity) and natural grazing on soil nitrogen availability, soil moisture, and shoot growth over 2 months in two grassland plant communities (mesic and dry) grazed primarily by bison. Clipping increased RGR by over 100% in both grassland types but had no effect on N availability or soil moisture during the same growth periods. Clipping stimulated ANPP only at mesic grassland, and the magnitude of this effect was strongly related to the initial plant biomass at the time of clipping relative to estimated peak biomass, supporting the density-dependent framework. Bison grazing had qualitatively similar effects on ANPP and RGR to clipping with no accompanying effects on N availability or soil moisture. Our results show how grazing can stimulate ANPP independent of a direct influence on resource availability simply by exploiting the dynamics of density-dependent plant growth.
Complications of Intra-Arterial tPA for Iatrogenic Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Case Report through Multimodal Imaging and Literature Review

Background and Objectives: To document, through multimodal imaging, the post-procedural clinical course and visual outcome of a patient who received intra-arterial tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for acute iatrogenic branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO), and to review the literature and guidelines regarding the use of tPA for retinal arterial occlusions. Methods: A 28-year-old female patient who sustained an iatrogenic BRAO and subsequently received intra-arterial tPA was followed through her post-interventional course of 3 months with serial exams and multimodal imaging, including color fundus photography, visual field testing, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and OCT angiography (OCT-A). Results: A patient with history of left internal cerebral artery (ICA) aneurysm and baseline visual acuity (VA) of 20/20 developed an acutely symptomatic BRAO after undergoing a neuroendovascular procedure and was acutely treated with tPA through the left ophthalmic artery. At two weeks follow-up, a central posterior pole hemorrhage was noted although VA was preserved. A superior altitudinal defect was shown on automated perimetry. VA dropped to 20/50 at 7 weeks follow-up and hyperreflective material deep to the attachment between the posterior hyaloid and the internal limiting membrane (ILM) consistent with hemorrhage was noted on SD-OCT. At 11 weeks follow-up, VA returned to 20/20, SD-OCT revealed a membrane bridging the foveal depression, OCT-A showed decreased vascularity in the inferior macula, and the visual field defect was stable by automated perimetry. Conclusions: Intraocular hemorrhage is a possible complication of intra-arterial tPA administration for BRAO, and a careful analysis of risks, benefits, and goals of this procedure must be considered by both provider and patient before such intervention.
ANISOTROPIC UNDRAINED STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR OF CLAYS

A general analytical model that describes the anisotropic, elasto-plastic path-dependent stress-strength properties of inviscid saturated clays under undrained loading conditions is presented. The model combines properteis of isotropic and kinematic plasticity by introducing the concept of a field of shear moduli. This field is defined in stress space by the relative configuration of yield surfaces. For any loading history, the instantaneous configuration is determined by calculating the translation and contraction (or expansion) of each yeld surface. The material behavior can thus be determined for complex loading paths. The model parameters can be derived entirely from the results of conventional triaxial tests. The model predictions agree very well with experimental test results from triaxial, plane strain, and simple shear laboratory tests and account for stress induced anisotropy in a simple manner. /Author/
SU-E-J-144: Low Activity Studies of Carbon 11 Activation Via GATE Monte Carlo

Purpose: To investigate the behavior of a Monte Carlo simulation code with low levels of activity (∼1,000Bq). Such activity levels are expected from phantoms and patients activated via a proton therapy beam. Methods: Three different ranges for a therapeutic proton radiation beam were examined in a Monte Carlo simulation code: 13.5, 17.0 and 21.0cm. For each range, the decay of an equivalent length{sup 11}C source and additional sources of length plus or minus one cm was studied in a benchmark PET simulation for activities of 1000, 2000 and 3000Bq. The ranges were chosen to coincide with a previous activation study, and the activities were chosen to coincide with the approximate level of isotope creation expected in a phantom or patient irradiated by a therapeutic proton beam. The GATE 7.0 simulation was completed on a cluster node, running Scientific Linux Carbon 6 (Red Hat©). The resulting Monte Carlo data were investigated with the ROOT (CERN) analysis tool. The half-life of{sup 11}C was extracted via a histogram fit to the number of simulated PET events vs. time. Results: The average slope of the deviation of the extracted carbon half life from the expected/nominal value vs. activity showed a generally positive value. Thismore » was unexpected, as the deviation should, in principal, decrease with increased activity and lower statistical uncertainty. Conclusion: For activity levels on the order of 1,000Bq, the behavior of a benchmark PET test was somewhat unexpected. It is important to be aware of the limitations of low activity PET images, and low activity Monte Carlo simulations. This work was funded in part by the Philips corporation.« less
Freedom of Thought, Religion, and Liberal Neutrality

Freedom of thought deserves recognition as one of the greatest human freedoms, and yet it has not received its due in the philosophical and legal study of basic rights and liberties. This essay provides a minor corrective. I begin by outlining the significance of thinking, and I describe the current place of freedom of thought in liberal political theory and human rights discourse. I then offer a working definition of “thought,” following which I address the question of whether freedom of thought is a distinct basic right. I subsequently consider ways in which freedom of thought can be abrogated, distinguishing three basic categories of freedom-of-thought violations and supplying analytical treatment of examples in each category. I then apply the analysis to a series of important freedom-of-thought issues that touch upon religion, in order to make headway on special and pressing challenges for freedom of thought and religious liberty alike. The analysis that I provide clarifies moral and legal parameters for permissible investigations of people’s thoughts, and it identifies limitations on efforts to modify individuals’ thinking that are applicable to both government and private parties. My case furnishes elements of a workable conception of liberal neutrality, as well; I offer those rudiments prior to concluding.
Care coordination between convenient care clinics and healthcare homes.

AbstractPurpose:Patient care coordination is foundational to high-quality health care and is a national priority. Since its inception, convenient health care has been criticized for its potential to decrease patient care coordination. The purpose of this study is to investigate care coordination bet
School Finance Litigation as Facial Challenges

In school finance litigation, the plaintiffs claim that the state legislature has violated the State Constitution by failing to provide enough money for the public schools. Specifically, the challengers contend that school funding must be equal or nearly equal among districts, or that each school district must have sufficient funds to achieve a particular level of education. Although the constitutional theories seem straightforward, the judicial opinions raise complex jurisdictional, merits, and remedial questions. Moreover, despite scores of cases and a significant amount of academic commentary, “there are few certainties in the school funding litigation process.” Yet, this complexity and incoherency is the result of a misunderstanding about the nature of school finance litigation. Specifically, everyone has failed to understand a basic point - all school finance litigation is a facial challenge. More precisely, it is a facial challenge asserting the legislature has exceeded its authority. The typical State Constitution not only precludes the legislature from punishing speech, banning guns, or incurring debt, but also precludes the state legislature from refusing to establish a school system or structuring the school finance system in a manner that results in inadequacy or inequality. If school finance litigation is nothing more than a facial challenge to legislative authority, then the complex issues of jurisdiction, merits, and remediation become surprisingly simple. Building upon Rosenkranz’ new theory of judicial review and Bauries’ path-breaking school finance scholarship, this article demonstrates that all school finance litigation is a facial challenge to legislative authority and explores the implications of that view.
An Empirical Examination of the Lay Listener Test in Music Composition Copyright Infringement

Music recordings consist of two distinct copyright protections: (1) a copyright in the underlying composition (the “Composition Copyright”) and (2) a copyright in the sound recording (the “Recording Copyright”). The most popular test for Composition Copyright infringement, the Lay Listener Test, conflates the two by having jurors listen to sound recordings. Playing the sound recording in a Composition Copyright case invites the jurors to make the wrong comparison, comparing the sound recordings, rather than the compositional elements underlying each recording. To test this potential for prejudice, an experiment was conducted replicating the Lay Listener Test in a controlled setting. Experiment participants were presented two pairs of music from actually litigated composition infringement cases. The participants were asked to assess the similarity of the allegedly infringing compositions as would jurors performing the Lay Listener Test. One set of participants heard the songs performed similarly, i.e. same timbre, orchestration, tempo, key, and style. The other participants heard the identical compositions but performed differently, i.e. different timbre, orchestration, tempo, key, and style. Participants consistently rated compositions performed similarly as being more compositionally similar than identical compositions played dissimilarly, suggesting that the Lay Listener Test introduces prejudicial elements into the jury’s determination of substantial similarity.
Development of an aspartic acid-based cross-linking monomer for improved bioseparations

Improved specificity and binding affinity by molecularly imprinted polymers is possible by development of novel functional materials. Furthermore, increasing the cross-link density of imprinted polymers by using cross-linking functional groups was anticipated to improve polymer molecular recognition. A novel cross-linking monomer derived from an L-aspartic acid precursor was synthesized and employed in molecularly imprinted polymers to mimic more closely the scaffolding of proteins, and thus provide more protein-like selectivity. Chromatographic results revealed a more than 7-fold improvement in polymers imprinted using the new monomer versus a traditionally formulated polymer imprinted with methacrylic acid as the functional monomer.
Open Access: Help or Hindrance to Resource Sharing?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine interlibrary loan (ILL) requests for open access materials submitted during fiscal years 2012 and 2013 and to consider the implications of open access for resource sharing. Design/methodology/approach – Borrowing requests for open access materials were quantitatively analyzed and compared to total borrowing requests and open access borrowing requests from the previous two fiscal years. Findings – During the period studied, borrowing requests for open access materials increased, while overall requests held steady. The difficulty users have in navigating the online information environment makes it unlikely that ILL requests will decrease significantly due to the growing amount of open access material available. Originality/value – The literature discussing the relationship between open access and ILL has expanded in recent years, but largely focuses on the negative impact of open access on resource sharing. This paper presents an update on previous research ...
Multiset-Defined Irregular Colorings

In Chap. 4, we discussed vertex-distinguishing edge colorings of graphs in which each induced vertex color is the set of colors of its incident edges. We saw that this often requires a large number of colors in comparison with sum-defined vertex colorings described earlier. There is also a related irregular edge coloring for which the induced vertex colors are multisets rather than sets, which is necessarily more restrictive.
Effects of calcitriol on nuclear transcription during human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell differentiation.

An HL-60 in vitro transcription assay was developed and used to monitor HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell transcription during calcitriol-induced monocytic differentiation. Treatment of cells with calcitriol (50 nm) for 96 h produced a 48% reduction in total DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity with a corresponding reduction in α-amanitin-sensitive (RNA polymerase II) activity. Nuclei isolated from cells treated with the less efficacious vitamin D analogues, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 1α-hydroxyvitamin D3, did not exhibit nuclear transcription that was significantly different from control nuclei. Transcription in nuclei isolated from calcitriol-treated cells was decreased by 40 to 50%, concomitant with monocytic differentiation, as assayed by acquisition of nitroblue tetrazolium reducing activity. Maximal decrease in transcription was achieved by 45 h postinduction, whereas expression of nitroblue tetrazolium reducing activity peaked at approximately 70 h, and decreased DNA synthesis was evident by 48 h. These observations suggest that calcitriol induction of HL-60 differentiation results in monocytes with reduced requirements for gene transcription and that transcription changes accompany expression of nitroblue tetrazolium reducing activity.
Alterations in nutritional status regulate acetyl-CoA carboxylase expression in avian liver by a transcriptional mechanism

Feeding previously starved chicks with a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet stimulates a 9-fold increase in both the rate of synthesis of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and the abundance of its mRNA in liver. To define the steps involved in mediating diet-induced changes in the abundance of ACC mRNA, transcriptional activity was measured with the nuclear run-on assay and multiple DNA probes specific to the ACC gene. ACC transcription was low in livers of starved chicks; feeding them with a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet induced ACC transcription, increasing it 11-fold. An increase in transcription was detectable at 1 h, was maximal at 5 h and remained high for 26 h. Feeding previously starved chicks with a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet stimulated a smaller increase (4-fold) in the abundance of ACC mRNA and the transcription of ACC than feeding with a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet. The half-life of ACC mRNA in liver, as estimated from the kinetics of accumulation and decay of ACC mRNA during high-carbohydrate feeding and starvation, was not changed significantly by dietary manipulation. ACC mRNA was expressed at low levels in heart, pectoral muscle, kidney and brain. The abundance of ACC mRNA in these tissues was not affected by nutritional manipulation. These results demonstrate that nutritional control of the abundance of ACC mRNA in the chicken is liver-specific and is mediated primarily by changes in the rate of transcription of the ACC gene.
Characterization of Na(+)-phosphate cotransporters in renal cortical endosomes.

To determine the role of membrane recycling in proximal tubular P(i) transport, we studied the transport functions of simultaneously prepared rat renal cortical endosomal vesicles (EV) and brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV). Initial P(i) uptake was Na+ gradient-dependent in both vesicles. Kinetic studies showed a lower apparent maximal rate (Vmax) for P(i) uptake in EV compared with BBMV (446 +/- 69 vs. 1493 +/- 117 pmol.mg protein-1 x 15 s-1, respectively; n = 4, P < 0.05), with no difference in the apparent Michaelis constant (Km). Endosomal Na(+)-P(i) cotransport was inhibited by phosphate analogues, phosphonoformic acid and arsenate, but not by the anion-exchange inhibitor, 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS). Na(+)-P(i) cotransport was electroneutral in both vesicles, with a stoichiometry of 2 for BBMV and 1 for EV. The nonpermeant sulfhydryl reagent, 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), produced a marked inhibition of Na(+)-P(i) cotransport in EV but not in BBMV, suggesting accessible sulfhydryl groups, an "inside-out" orientation in EV, and "right-side-out" orientation in BBMV. The EV and the BBMV differed significantly in their phospholipid composition and lipid fluidity. The Na(+)-P(i) cotransporter protein (NaPi-2) abundance, determined by Western blots, was five times lower in EV than in BBMV (0.25 +/- 0.05 vs. 1.36 +/- 0.20 arbitrary units). Renal cortical endosomes contain Na(+)-P(i) cotransporters, albeit at a lower density, suggesting involvement of membrane recycling in the regulation of proximal tubular P(i) transport.
Methanol oxidation and assimilation in Hansenula polymorpha : an analysis by 13C n.m.r. in vivo

The metabolism of methanol was monitored in whole cells of the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha by using [13C]methanol and n.m.r. in vivo. The main products observed under normal conditions were trehalose and glycerol, whereas cells that were starved before exposure to [13C]methanol also accumulated glutamate, glutamine and alanine; formate was also more prominent in spectra from starved cells. Cells exposed to high methanol concentration together with high oxygenation oxidized methanol extensively, leading to formaldehyde accumulation; label was not found in any subsequent metabolic products, indicating possible cell inactivation. [13C]Formate was incorporated into metabolic products in glucose-grown cells exposed to 150 mM-methanol for 3 h, but not in cells starved for 3 h, in which it was oxidized. At 21 degrees C such 3 h-starved cells showed a slower metabolism of [13C]methanol compared with those at 37 degrees C, and also converted methanol into formate rather than into assimilation products. The labelling pattern in trehalose from starved cells at 37 degrees C was consistent with methanol assimilation via the pentose phosphate pathway. Lack of appearance of labelled formaldehyde and formate during metabolism under normal conditions suggests that the linear oxidation pathway is not a major contributor to methanol oxidation; their appearance in extreme conditions suggests instead a more likely role in detoxification.
Developmental phases in visual recognition of the human face pattern, exemplified by the 'smiling response'.

Unter den visuellen Reizkonfigurationen, die das Kinderlacheln austosen, wurde eine neue Klasse von Fruhformen (NGr und NGl) experimentell identifiziert. Analoge Gesichtskonfigurationen sind in Fruhdarstellungen des Gesichts in «neolithischer» Kunst sowie auch in der spezifischen Weise des visuellen Erlebens des Gesichts in Prosopagnosie zu finden.
NLA Symposium screening and treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia: How can we do better? Opening and introductions

Abstract Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by half the normal number of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors and markedly elevated LDL cholesterol levels. FH is a very common disorder, affecting about one in 500 in the general population and occurring more frequently in certain ethnic groups. Untreated, roughly 50% of men and 25% of women who have FH will have had their first myocardial infarction or other cardiovascular event by the age of 50. Since roughly half of an affected individual's first degree relatives will also have FH, Cascade Screening represents an important tool for patient identification. Although treating FH represents a clinical challenge, most affected patients can be managed with currently available treatment modalities including statins, resins, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, and niacin. LDL apheresis is an option for individuals who fail currently available oral prescription therapies. And mipomersen is an antisense therapy designed to inhibit apolipoprotein B (apo B) synthesis. This agent is currently being studied in FH patients who fail to achieve target LDL cholesterol levels with the aforementioned prescription therapies.
The influence of temperature on the properties of gold electrodeposits

High temperature property data have been obtained for deposits from two different gold plating solutions, a citrate bath and a sulphite bath, while the influence of annealing at temperatures up to 500°C on the room temperature properties of the deposits has also been determined.
A Classroom Activity Exploring the Complexity of Sexual Orientation.

Sexual orientation subsumes sexual attractions, sexual behavior, psychological and emotional attachments, self-identification, and affiliations with a particular community. These elements are often overlooked in the use of terms such as lesbian or heterosexual. In this activity, students categorized the sexual orientation of 10 fictional people, some of whom presented inconsistencies between different aspects of their sexuality. By illustrating the difficulty in defining rigid and consistent categories of sexual orientation, the activity stimulates animated discussion and receives positive feedback from students. I use this activity in teaching the Psychology of Women, Sexual Behavior, and the Psychology of Sexual Orientation, although instructors could use it in other courses as well.
A characterization of simplicial localization functors and a discussion of DK equivalences

Abstract In a previous paper, we lifted Charles Rezk’s complete Segal model structure on the category of simplicial spaces to a Quillen equivalent one on the category of “relative categories”. Here, we characterize simplicial localization functors among relative functors from relative categories to simplicial categories as any choice of homotopy inverse to the delocalization functor of Dwyer and the second author. We employ this characterization to obtain a more explicit description of the weak equivalences in the model category of relative categories mentioned above by showing that these weak equivalences are exactly the DK-equivalences , i.e. those maps between relative categories which induce a weak equivalence between their simplicial localizations.
Are the Gödel incompleteness theorems limitative results for the neurosciences

There are many kinds of limitative results in the sciences, some of which are philosophical. I am interested in examining one kind of limitative result in the neurosciences that is mathematical—a result secured by the Godel incompleteness theorems. I will view the incompleteness theorems as independence results, develop a connection with independence results in set theory, and then argue that work in the neurosciences (as well as in molecular, systems and synthetic biology) may well avoid these mathematical limitative results. In showing this, I argue that demonstrating that one cannot avoid them is a computational task that is beyond the computational capacities of finitary minds. Along the way, I reformulate three philosophical claims about the nature of consciousness in terms of the Godel incompleteness theorems and argue that these precise reformulations of the claims can be disarmed.
Determining the nuclear equation of state from neutron-star masses and radii

A method is developed for determining the nuclear equation of state directly from a knowledge of the masses and radii of neutron stars. This analysis assumes only that equilibrium neutron-star matter has the stress-energy tensor of an isotropic fluid with a barotropic equation of state, and that general relativity describes a neutron star's internal gravitational field. We present numerical examples which illustrate how well this method will determine the equation of state when the appropriate observational data become available.
Detection of PHLPP1α/β in Human and Mouse Brain by Different Anti-PHLPP1 Antibodies

Pleckstrin homology domain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1) is a member of the serine/threonine family of phosphatases. It has been studied in organs including brain, heart, pancreas, adipose, breast and prostate. Human PHLPP1 encodes two splice variants - PHLPP1α (~140–150 kDa) and PHLPP1β (~180–190 kDa). Commercial antibodies are widely used to characterize PHLPP1 proteins in cells/tissues. Here we validate five different antibodies to detect PHLPP1α/β by Western blot using PHLPP1 WT/KO mice. All antibodies recognize PHLPP1β in brain. Only a single antibody (Cosmo Bio Co) detects PHLPP1α (~145–150 kDa). The other four antibodies detect a non-specific signal at ~150 kDa as evidenced by its abundance in PHLPP1 KO tissues. Results suggest Cosmo antibody is a better reagent to detect PHLPP1α by Western blot. In contrast, we found it unsuitable for immunofluorescence applications in brain. Our findings caution interpretation of the ~150 kDa band detected by some PHLPP1 antibodies in rodent and human tissues. Results also recapitulate the importance of including molecular weight standards in Western blot data to simplify retrospective analysis.
Reexamining the acquisition of sex roles: A social interactionist approach

Recent empirical information has challenged existing theories of early sex-role acquisition and stimulated theoretical interest in this process. A social interactionist theory of early sex-role development is outlined, which incorporates the insights of existing theories while moving beyond their limitations. This theory stresses the influence of sex labels on social interactions, social interactional experience on the acquisition of gender identity, and the active participation of the child in his or her own sex-role development. The differences and similarities between the social interactionist and other theories of sex-role development are noted. The necessity for observational studies of naturally occurring interactions and theoretical responsiveness to the findings of such studies is also noted.
Association of bacteriophage proteins and RNA in E. coli infected with MS2.

Abstract Infection of E. , coli with the RNA bacteriophage MS2 leads to the synthesis of three phage-specific proteins: phage coat protein, “maturation” protein, and RNA synthetase, which can be separated and quantitated by gel electrophoresis ( Nathans, Oeschger, Eggen and Shimura, 1966; , Vinuela, Algranati and Ochoa, 1967; , Eggen, Oeschger and Nathans, 1967) . Each of these proteins might be expected to interact with phage RNA in the course of phage development. In the case of coat protein two kinds of in , vitro complexes have been described with RNA extracted from purified phage particles. One of these results from the binding of a small number of coat protein molecules ( Capecchi and Gussin, 1965; , Sugiyama, Hebert and Hartman, 1967) , and the other resembles intact virions but is non-infectious ( Sugiyama et , al. , 1967) . In the case of MS2 RNA synthetase, the sedimentation rate of this enzyme in lysates of infected cells suggests that it may be bound to RNA or a ribonucleoprotein particle ( Weissman, Simon, Borst and Ochoa, 1963 ). The “maturation” protein ( Lodish and Zinder, 1965; , Heisenberg, 1966; , Argetsinger and Gussin, 1966) has been shown to be present in normal phage particles in small amount (Nathans et , al. , 1966), and it is possible that a complex between this protein and phage RNA is an intermediate in phage assembly. In this paper we report the detection in extracts of E. , coli infected with MS2 of a complex or complexes involving RNA and each of the three phage-specific proteins.
Life history of Trupanea bisetosa (Diptera: Tephritidae) on wild sunflower in southern California.

Trupanea bisetosa (Coquillett) is reported from capitula of wild and cultivated sunflowers, Helianthus annuus L., and blueweed, H. ciliaris Decandolle. The immature stages of this multivoltine tephritid are described and illustrated. One to several eggs are laid among the developing disk florets of young capitula. The eggs hatched in ca. 4 days. Each larva damaged five to eight disk florets (including the immature achenes) during its three stadia. Pupariation occurred inside the feeding cavity. Adults lived 2 to 3 months in insectary cagings. Eleven females each laid a total of 90 ± 12.7 ($\bar x$ ± SE) eggs. Territorial behavior was shown by ovipositing females. Courtship involved wing displays alternating with walking forward in spurts by males. Mating occurred in the early morning and lasted ca. 6 min. Postmating behavior included grooming by both sexes. Two parasites of H. bisetosa were found. Pteromalus (Habrocytus) sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) was reared from puparia and Bracon nuperus Cresson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitized larvae.
Molecular Analysis of Cyst Fluid Aspiration in the Diagnosis and Risk Assessment of Cystic Lesions of the Pancreas

Pancreatic cyst detection is increasing largely due to increasing use of cross-sectional imaging. The management of pancreatic cysts differs for true cysts, pseudocysts, mucinous cysts, nonmucinous cysts, and malignant lesions. Depending on the setting, diagnostic tests, such as cross-sectional imaging, endoscopic ultrasound, cyst fluid chemistry, and cytology, have moderate accuracy in characterizing the cyst subtype. Molecular analysis of cyst fluid aspirates has shown promise in preliminary studies and may require smaller fluid volumes than is needed for carcinoembryonic antigen level and cytology. This article reviews published studies in which molecular analysis was performed in the evaluation of pancreatic cysts. The molecular studies are compared with the conventional tests. Most studies have had moderate sample sizes (16–124) and have characterized a high proportion of patients with malignant cysts. Evaluation of molecular analysis as a diagnostic tool merits larger prospective trials with long-term follow-up of patients who are not sent to surgery. Larger cysts may meet size criteria for resection, and it is the smaller cysts for which molecular analysis may be of benefit if additional molecular testing results in a change in management. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 102–107
ARCHAEOMETRY AT TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY: CHARACTERIZATION OF SAMOAN BASALTS

The Elemental Analysis Laboratory provides research support for campus users and service analyses for the University, other state and governmental agencies and private industry. The laboratory's primary concern is the application of unique methodology to a wide range of analytical problems that arise in the course of efforts by University researchers. For the past decade or so, compositional analysis by neutron activation analysis of archaeological artefacts for the purpose of studying provenance, trade or cultural patterns of prehistoric populations has become an area of focus. The present communication will discuss the laboratory in general and the scope and significance of the archaeology work done within the organization. A brief example of a current project involving the study of geologic samples from prehistoric stone tool quarries from American Samoa is presented as an illustration.
Thermal via structural design in three-dimensional integrated circuits

3D IC, a novel packaging technology, is heavily studied to realize improved performance with denser packaging and reduced wirelength. Despite numerous advantages, thermal management is the biggest bottleneck to realize device stacking technology. In this paper, we propose a thermal-aware physical design for three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D IC). We aim to mitigate localized hotspots to ensure functionality by adding thermal fin geometry to existing thermal through silicon via (TTSV). We analyze various ways to insert thermal fin for single TTSV as well as TTSV cluster designs with the goal of maximizing heat dissipation while minimizing the interference with routing and area consumption. An analytical model of a three-dimensional system is developed and a thermal resistance circuit is built for accurate and time-efficient 3D thermal analysis.
A proposal for comparison of types in PASCAL and associated semantic models

Abstract A new proposal for type comparison in Pascal is advocated. This proposal is devised to integrate naturally with other aspects of the language. The usual typing conventions are reviewed and the improvements provided by the new proposal are illustrated. Several formal models are developed to support the concepts on which the proposal is based and the equivalence of these models is demonstrated. The presentation includes an algorithmic component sufficient to serve as the basis of an implementation.
Evolution of solitons over a randomly rough seabed

For long waves propagating over a randomly uneven seabed, we derive a modified Korteweg--de Vries (KdV) equation including new terms representing the effects of disorder on amplitude attenuation and wave phase. Analytical and numerical results are described for the evolution of a soliton entering a semi-infinite region of disorder, and the fission of new solitons after passing over a finite region of disorder.
Studies in the basic mineralizing system, CaO-P2O5-H2O.

Equilibrium phase diagrams have been determined for the system CaO-P2O5-H2 using hydrothermal synthesis techniques in the temperature range 300–600° and 2 Kb H2O pressure. Well-crystallized hydroxyapatite has been produced and characterized. Small variations in unit cell parameters dependent on temperature of synthesis and bulk composition of the starting materials have been determined. Precise chemical conditions were required to obtain apatite as the only solid phase in equilibrium with solution. Equilibrium phase diagram results are compared with previous synthetic investigations.
Materials characterization with intense positron beams

We have developed an apparatus that provides a high flux, low energy, monoenergetic positron beam to investigate various processes which occur when a positron beam impinges on a metal surface, including annihilation at the surface, trapping in vacancies, and the emission of both fast and thermally desorbed positronium. We report here the first angular correlation of annihilation gamma-rays measurements and positronium time of flight experiments at a material surface. We applied a simple free electron model which explains the general trend of the data but differences due to the surface specific properties and the deviation from a free electron metal are evident.
Noise exposures during potato processing and manufacture of animal feed

A noise exposure survey was conducted at an agricultural facility to evaluate noise exposures during potato processing and during the manufacture of alfalfa pellets. Of the 19 employees monitored, five reached or exceeded the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommended exposure limit for occupational noise. Four of these employees were from the potato processing area, and one was from the alfalfa pellet-mill operation. Two of the five (bagger and pellet-mill operator) also exceeded the Occupational Safety and Health Administration action level. The facility has a well-managed hearing conservation program for employees in the potato processing area, but not in the alfalfa manufacturing area.
Rates of progressive retinal nerve fiber layer loss in glaucoma measured by scanning laser polarimetry.

Purpose To evaluate rates of change measured with scanning laser polarimetry with enhanced corneal compensation (GDx ECC) and compare them to those measured using the variable corneal compensation (GDx VCC) method in a cohort of glaucoma patients and individuals suspected of having the disease followed over time. Design Observational cohort study. Methods The study included 213 eyes of 213 patients with an average follow-up time of 4.5 years. Images were obtained annually with the GDx ECC and VCC, along with optic disc stereophotographs and standard automated perimetry (SAP) visual fields. Progression was determined by the Guided Progression Analysis software for SAP and by masked assessment of stereophotographs by expert graders. Joint linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate rates of change in GDx measurements and their relationship with disease progression. Results Thirty-three patients (15%) showed progression over time on visual fields and/or stereophotographs. Mean rates of average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness change measured by the GDx ECC were significantly different in progressors versus nonprogressors (−1.24 μm/year vs −0.34 μm/year; P P Conclusion Rates of RNFL change detected by the GDx ECC were significantly greater in eyes with progressive glaucoma compared to eyes with stable disease. Also, the ECC performed significantly better than the VCC for detection of change, suggesting that it could improve longitudinal evaluation of the RNFL with scanning laser polarimetry.
Determination of the neutron halo from antiproton absorption

Abstract We investigate the size of neutron halo in Pb implied by the recent p-annihilation experiment of Bugg et al. We find that the answer depends sensitively on the strong interaction parameters determined by p X-ray experiments.
Nuclear quadrupole resonance of nitrogen-14 in guanidine complexes, cyanoguanidine, and substituted ureas

Abstract The nuclear quadrupole resonance of nitrogen-14 in guanidine monohydrochloride, guanidine acetate, guanidine oxalate, guanidine monothiocyanate, guanidine sulfate, guanidine carbonate, cyanoguanidine, ethylurea and sym.-diethylurea were observed at various temperatures. The coupling constants and asymmetry parameters are interpreted in terms of the Townes and Dailey theory.
Dietary Influences on Periodontal Health in Dogs and Cats

A pet cannot be healthy without oral health. Periodontal is a significant disease that has local and systemic ramifications. It has been stated earlier that effective plaque control prevents gingivitis. In human beings, 90% of periodontitis occurs as the result of progression gingivitis, and this type of periodontitis can be completely prevented by plaque control. It is reasonable that dogs and cats react similarly and that effective plaque control could prevent a large percentage of periodontitis cases. Proper nutrition and effective oral hygiene are necessary components of oral health and should be jointly promoted in the management of oral disease in dogs and cats.
Fatty-acid metabolism and the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma: review and hypothesis.

Despite increasing understanding of the genetic control of cell growth and the identification of several involved chemical and infectious factors, the pathogenesis of clinical and experimental hepatocellular carcinoma remains unknown. Available evidence is consistent with the possibility that selected changes in the hepatocellular metabolism of long-chain fatty acids may contribute significantly to this, process. Specifically, studies of the peroxisome proliferators, a diverse group of xenobiotics that includes the fibrate class of hypolipidemic drugs, suggest that increased fatty acid oxidation by way of extramitochondrial pathways (i.e., omega-oxidation in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and beta-oxidation in the peroxisomes) results in a corresponding increase in the generation of hydrogen peroxide and, thus, oxidative stress. This in turn leads to alterations in gene expression and in DNA itself. We also review evidence supporting a potentially decisive influence of particular aspects of hepatocellular fatty acid metabolism in determining the activity of the extramitochondrial pathways. Moreover, certain intermediates of extramitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (e.g., the long-chain dicarboxylic fatty acids) impair mitochondrial function and are implicated as modulators of gene expression through their interaction with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. Finally, the occurrence of hepatic tumors in type I glycogen storage disease (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency) may exemplify this general mechanism, which may also contribute to nonneoplastic liver injury and to tumorigenesis in other tissues.