cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Political Education for a Polity of Dissensus Karl Mannheim and the Legacy of Max Weber

The aim of this article is to state a case for Karl Mannheim as an interlocutor no less important than Michael Oakeshott for an inquiry into the manner and purpose of teaching politics. Beginning with Max Weber, I develop an account of Karl Mannheim as a prime contender for Weber's legacy in political education, along with two contemporaries, Albert Salomon and Hans Freyer, whose contrasting appropriations of the legacy will highlight important elements that distinguish Mannheim's approach from the stereotype into which Oakeshott would be inclined to cast it. This treatment will offer an understanding of the issues in political education that will give ample reason to give preference to Mannheim's reading of the contrast between himself and Oakeshott and substantial support for the conclusions he derives for the design and point of political education. Mannheim's surprisingly modest conclusions are closer to the `scepticism' with which Oakeshott credited himself in his inaugural lecture, as he ironically ...
Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPmu associates with cadherins and catenins in vivo.

The extracellular segment of the receptor-type type protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPmu, possesses an MAM domain, an immunoglobulin domain, and four fibronectin type-III repeats. It binds homophilically, i.e., PTPmu on the surface of one cell binds to PTPmu on an apposing cell, and the binding site lies within the immunoglobulin domain. The intracellular segment of PTPmu has two PTP domains and a juxtamembrane segment that is homologous to the conserved intracellular domain of the cadherins. In cadherins, this segment interacts with proteins termed catenins to mediate association with the actin cytoskeleton. In this article, we demonstrate that PTPmu associates with a complex containing cadherins, alpha- and beta-catenin in mink lung (MvLu) cells, and in rat heart, lung, and brain tissues. Greater than 80% of the cadherin in the cell is cleared from Triton X-100 lysates of MvLu cells after immunoprecipitation with antibodies to PTPmu; however, the complex is dissociated when lysates are prepared in more stringent, SDS-containing RIPA buffer. In vitro binding studies demonstrated that the intracellular segment of PTPmu binds directly to the intracellular domain of E-cadherin, but not to alpha- or beta-catenin. Consistent with their ability to interact in vivo, PTPmu, cadherins, and catenins all localized to points of cell-cell contact in MvLu cells, as assessed by immunocytochemical staining. After pervanadate treatment of MvLu cells, which inhibits cellular tyrosine phosphatase activity including PTPmu, the cadherins associated with PTPmu are now found in a tyrosine-phosphorylated form, indicating that the cadherins may be an endogenous substrate for PTPmu. These data suggest that PTPmu may be one of the enzymes that regulates the dynamic tyrosine phosphorylation, and thus function, of the cadherin/catenin complex in vivo.
Capital Gains Taxes and Stockholders' Response to Dutch Auction Tender Offers

Capital gains taxes are conjectured to explain upward sloping supply curves in tender offers. This paper analyzes expiration day returns in Dutch auction tender offers to examine this conjecture. A proxy measure for the capital gains of the marginal tendering stockholder is constructed, based on tender offer size and daily price-volume history for one year. Cross-sectional regressions suggest that the tender price increases with the capital gains of the marginal tenderer, but only for firms with low institutional holdings. This is consistent with capital gains tax effects being relevant only when tax-exempt holdings are low.
Game theory and discourse anaphora

We develop an analysis of discourse anaphora--the relationship between a pronoun and an antecedent earlier in the discourse--using games of partial information. The analysis is extended to include information from a variety of different sources, including lexical semantics, contrastive stress, grammatical relations, and decision theoretic aspects of the context.
Evaluation of the Timing and Strength of MM5 and Eta Surface Trough Passages over the Eastern Pacific

Abstract The timing and strength of surface troughs forecast by the Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research fifth-generation Mesoscale Model (MM5) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's (NCEP's) Eta Model are evaluated over the eastern Pacific during the 1997–2000 cool seasons (Sep–Mar). The troughs are verified by comparing observations from eight offshore buoys with 3–48-h model forecasts. An automated approach is used to identify trough events by setting thresholds for 3-hourly cyclonic wind shifts and pressure rises. The mean timing errors (biases) for surface troughs in the 36-km resolution MM5 domain are 1–2 h early (negative) to the north of 42°N and near the coast, and 0.5–1.0 h late (positive) over the offshore waters to the south of 42°N. The mean absolute timing errors range from 2–3 h for the southern offshore sites to 4–5 h over northern offshore waters as well as near steep coastal terrain. For stronger trough events, the MM5 trough mean errors...
Mammalian X chromosome inactivation.

The initial step in mammalian sexual differentiation is based on the XX: XY chromosomal system. In order to function properly, this chromosomal mechanism must be regulated to eliminate the aneuploidy effects in somatic tissues and still insure normal sexual differentiation and development. In mammalian forms, an X-chromosome regulatory mechanism has evolved to carry out these developmental functions. The two X chromosomes in the female germ line remain active through most of their ontogeny to bring about normal ovarian function; a single X chromosome is active in the female soma so as to eliminate gross aneuploidy effects between males and females; and in the male germ line the single X chromosome is inactivated or eliminated at an apparently critical stage in spermiogenesis. This is the broad outline of mammalian X-chromosome regulation. The specifics vary in different forms: random X-chromosome inactivation in most eutherian mammals, a possible nonrandom mechanism in marsupials, and a chromosomal elimination system in the creeping vole, Micron’s oregoni.
Diabetes mellitus in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in an aging population in Shanghai, China: Prevalence, clinical characteristics and outcomes

Abstract Aims To determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among pulmonary tuberculosis patients and the difference of clinical characteristics and outcomes between pulmonary tuberculosis patients with and without diabetes mellitus in an aging population in Shanghai, China. Methods This is a retrospective population-based study. 201 newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Changning District, Shanghai during 2007–2008 were included. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were collected. Determination of diabetes mellitus was based on the medical records before pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed. Results The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among pulmonary tuberculosis patients was 19.9% (40/201). Pulmonary tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus were more likely to be old (≥ 50, OR = 5.23, 95% CI = 2.07–13.25), to have pulmonary cavities (OR = 3.02, 95% CI = 1.31–6.98), to be sputum smear positive (OR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.12–7.51), and to have extension of anti-tuberculosis treatment duration (OR = 2.68, 95% CI 1.17–6.14). Besides, they had a higher 2nd month sputum smear positive proportion (OR = 2.97, 95% CI 1.22–7.22) and a higher 5-year recurrence rate (OR = 5.87, 95% CI 1.26–27.40). Conclusions High prevalence, severe clinical characteristics and poor outcomes of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus highlight the necessity of early bi-directional screening and co-management of these two diseases in Shanghai, China.
Review of Human Rights in Crisis: The International System for Protecting Rights During States Of Emergency

Contemporary observers of the human rights movement are fully cognizant of the fact that despite all the advances in international rights protection, we are not even remotely close to achieving a tolerable standard of conduct by states during internal strife. The book, published as part of the Procedural Aspects of International Law Series, begins by defining and categorizing the various kinds of emergencies. The book, which evolved from a decade of research and a thesis at Oxford University on the problem of protecting human rights during states of emergency, then explores the detrimental effects of emergencies on human rights. Typical occurrences during such internal strife are inter alia disappearances, summary executions, blatant violations of due process, torture, extracted confessions, etc. The author examines and thoroughly analyses these effects under three subheadings: changes in the allocation of powers within the government; what she terms invasion of absolute rights; and restrictions of other fundamental rights. Breaking down the analysis enhances a reader's understanding of the effects. Without diminishing the excellence of the book, it could also have benefited from the inclusion of a more detailed discussion of the role domestic courts can play in protecting rights. A notable feature of the book is its extensive and meticulous referencing of sources.
Encouraging “Outside- the- box” Thinking in Crowd Innovation Through Identifying Domains of Expertise

People are more creative at solving difficult design problems when they use relevant examples from outside of the problem's domain as inspirations. However, finding such “outside-the-box” inspirations is difficult, particularly in large idea repositories such as the web, because without guidance people select domains to search based on surface similarity to the problem's domain. In this paper, we demonstrate an approach in which non-experts identify domains that have the potential to yield useful and non-obvious inspirations for solutions. We report an empirical study demonstrating how crowds can generate domains of expertise and that showing people an abstract representation rather than the original problem helps them identify more distant domains. Crowd workers drawing inspirations from the distant domains produced more creative solutions to the original problem than did those who sought inspiration on their own, or drew inspiration from domains closer to or not sharing structural correspondence with the original problem.
Imaging- and physiology-guided percutaneous coronary intervention without contrast administration in advanced renal failure: a feasibility, safety, and outcome study.

Aims The feasibility, safety, and clinical utility of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) without radio-contrast medium in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) are unknown. In this series, we investigated a specific strategy for ‘zero contrast’ PCI with the aims of preserving renal function and preventing the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) in patients with advanced CKD. Methods and results A total of 31 patients with advanced CKD [creatinine = 4.2 mg/dL, inter-quartile range (IQR) 3.1–4.8, estimated glomerular filtration rate = 16 ± 8 mL/min/1.73 m2] who had clinical indication for PCI based on a prior minimal contrast coronary angiogram were included. Zero contrast PCI was performed at least 1 week after diagnostic angiography using real-time intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance, with pre- and post-PCI measurements of fractional flow reserve and coronary flow reserve to confirm physiological improvement. This approach resulted in successful PCI, no major adverse cardiovascular events and preservation of renal function without the need for RRT within a follow-up time of 79 days (IQR 33–207) in all patients. Conclusion In patients with advanced CKD who require revascularization, PCI may safely be performed without contrast using IVUS and physiological guidance with high procedural success and without complications.
Tomatoes, Lycopene, and Prostate Cancer

SummaryThe epidemiologic data tend to support an association between intake of tomato-based foods and a lower risk of prostate cancer. The observed inverse association may be due to lycopene though this is unproven at this point. Even two servings a week of a rich source of bioavailable lycopene, such as tomato sauce, was related to a substantially lower risk of prostate cancer. Whereas chance alone is highly unlikely to account for the consistent inverse association with tomato-based products, confounding by other variables, particularly dietary, cannot be definitively excluded as alternative explanations. Of greatest concern is that a lycopene-rich diet is acting as an indicator of a diet rich in vegetables and fruits that may lower risk of prostate cancer through other phytochemicals. An important historical lesson is provided by β-carotene, for which an abundance of evidence based on questionnaires and blood levels suggested a benefit on various cancers (93), particularly lung cancer, but recent inter...
14C-cyclophosphamide alkylation of mouse embryo macromolecules.

SummaryA teratogenic dose of 14C-cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent, was administered to pregnant mice to measure the alkylation of embryonic macromolecules as a function of time after treatment. Acid-soluble and acid-insoluble radioactivity was present in the maternal liver, placenta, and embryo during a 10-hr observation period after 14C-cyclophosphamide. The alkylation of macromolecules was demonstrated by the presence of radioactivity in the acid precipitate and nucleic acid and protein fractions of the tissues. The decline in specific activity of the nucleic-acid fraction after 14C-cyclophosphamide suggested that embryos had a poor ability, relative to the adult, to remove alkylated metabolite of 14C-cyclophosphamide from this fraction. These studies indicated that a teratogenic dose of 14C-cyclophosphamide produced alkylation of embryonic macromolecules and suggested that embryos differed from adults in their ability to repair macromolecules damaged by alkylating agents.
Plasma Thromboplastin Antecedent Levels in Patients Receiving Coumarin Anticoagulants and in Patients with Laennec's Cirrhosis.∗

Summary1. Plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA) levels are normal in patients receiving Dicumarol, Coumadin, or phenylindanedione. 2. PTA levels are depressed in patients with Laennec's cirrhosis. Degree of depression parallels prothrombin time value.
Comparison of formol and Wassermann reactions in diagnosis of syphillis

In a recent paper Gate and Papacostas 1 report that the addition of a small quantity of formalin to pooled syphilitic serum led to coagulation ("Gelification"), while no such reaction took place if the serums were from nonsyphilitic patients. The work was extended with individual serums, and at the same time controlled by parallel Wassermann tests. They found in a series of 400 comparative tests an agreement of 85 Jo between the two reactions. To obtain the best possible results these authors then advocated the following method : "To one c c of a clear serum two drops of commercial formalin is added. The mixture is then gently shaken and the tube plugged with cotton. The mixture is allowed to stand for 24 to 30 hours at room
Exploring the lunes of Hippocrates in a dynamic geometry environment

These classroom notes offer methods of solving the quadrature of lunes, that is, the area of croissant-shaped plane figures bounded by two intersecting non-congruent circular arcs, using Hippocrates of Chios’ area conservation and similarity arguments. I also offer a method of using history in the classroom with students via dynamic geometry snapshots presented in a manner that complements the analytic and the visual approaches.
Social sustainability of hybrid electricity generation systems in Mexico

OF THE THESIS SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF HYBRID ELECTRICITY GENERATION SYSTEMS IN MEXICO by Pablo Federico Gottfried Blackmore Florida International University, 2006 Miami, Florida Professor Mahadev Bhat, Major Professor This thesis tried to determine the socioeconomic contributions o f a renewablehybrid energy system in San Juanico, Mexico. It also tried to analyze if the hybrid system was designed based on sustainable development principles. A survey of 91 electrified homes was conducted in San Juanico to gather information on consumer satisfaction and data analyzed using simple means and group mean comparisons, with suitable tests as needed. A binomial probit model for two dependent variables was applied to survey data. An energy price-comparison exercise was conducted as well. Findings showed the hybrid system had suffered from weak institutional frameworks, low community participation and a lack o f long-term system and financial planning. Although the system made improvements in quality o f life, it had not been reliable and lacked organizational ability to supply rural electricity in a sustainable fashion. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE
Industrial Structure and Distribution Structure in the Relationship between Empirical Research of China

Considering the impact of industrial structure,a Cobb-Douglas production function model was constructed,then using 1990-2009 cross-sector time series data and ridge regression method we calculated the influence coefficient of each industries proportion on output elasticity,and on the basis of2009 data,the impact of changes in industrial structure on initial distribution structure was analyzed.The results show that industrialization is the cause of declining share of labor compensation,strengthen the foundation position of agriculture and promoting the third industry-led economic restructuring steadily can improve initial distribution structure.
Introduction to Health Services Planning

“Health services planning” is a term that is being used with increasing frequency today, reflecting the growing interest in the topic. A review of the planning literature reveals a variety of definitions in use, and there is little consensus among experts as to the definition of health planning. As a result, the concept is continuously being redefined as planning tries to “find itself” in the new millennium. Health services planning has not been employed as extensively in the United States as it has in other developed countries, so it is appropriate to start from the beginning and present the basics of health planning. This chapter defines the key concepts within the field, beginning with “planning” and “health planning, in the process of clarifying what a “plan” is and is not. Given the unique nature of the US healthcare system, the author explains what makes health services planning different from other types of planning. The interface between planning and politics and the role it plays in the distorted notion of planning in the US society are explored. The growing importance of health planning is addressed, and the persistent resistance to planning in the United States is discussed. The urgent need for planning in the current environment is highlighted.
Confined unsteady dust flame propagation

A dust deflagration is most commonly associated with the confined unsteady propagation of a dust flame within an enclosure. Confining a propagating dust flame introduces new complexities to the analysis, chief among them being the progressive combustion of the fuel and the accompanying pressure rise in the enclosure. The confined deflagration scenario serves two important analytical roles. First, it is the basis for the laboratory measurement of combustible dust properties in either the 20-L sphere or the ISO cubic meter vessel. Second, it represents the simplest conceptual model for a dust explosion. This chapter is largely restricted to integral balance models for flame propagation in a closed vessel.
Biosynthetic Origin of the Ether Ring in Platensimycin.

Platensimycin (PTM) and platencin (PTN) are highly functionalized bacterial diterpenoid natural products that target bacterial and mammalian fatty acid synthases. PTM and PTN feature varying diterpene-derived ketolides that are linked to the same 3-amino-2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid moiety. As a result, PTM is a selective inhibitor for FabF/FabB, while PTN is a dual inhibitor of FabF/FabB and FabH. We previously determined that the PTM cassette, consisting of five genes found in the ptm, but not ptn, gene cluster, partitions the biosynthesis of the PTM and PTN diterpene-derived ketolides. We now report investigation of the PTM cassette through the construction of diterpene production systems in E. coli and genetic manipulation in the PTM–PTN dual overproducer Streptomyces platensis SB12029, revealing two genes, ptmT3 and ptmO5, that are responsible for the biosynthetic divergence between the PTM and PTN diterpene-derived ketolides. PtmT3, a type I diterpene synthase, was determined to be a (16R)-ent-kauran-1...
The Kinase MIRK/DYRK1B Mediates a Reversible Quiescent State in a Subset of Ovarian, Pancreatic and Colon Cancers

The serine/threonine kinase Mirk is an active kinase in pancreatic, ovarian and colon cancers, but is not activated by mutation. Mirk was upregulated or amplified in the majority of resected pancreatic or ovarian adenocarcinomas, and may be selected for by enabling cancer cells to enter a reversible quiescent state and thus survive suboptimal conditions. Mirk/dyrk1B levels and activity are highest when cells are quiescent. Some cancer cells can enter a reversible quiescent phase dependent on p130/Rb2 and Mirk/dyrk1B when deprived of growth factors, while others undergo autophagy or apoptosis. Mirk blocks cell cycle progression in G0 by complexing with GSK3s and destabilizing cyclin D isoforms and by activating by phosphorylation Lin52, which is part of the DREAM complex including p130/Rb2 which sequesters E2F4 and other transcription factors necessary for cells to enter cycle. Mirk transcriptional co-activator activity allows Mirk to decrease ROS levels by increasing expression of a group of antioxidant genes. Since Mirk is activated by oncogenic K-ras/H-ras, its upregulation of antioxidant genes may compensate for the increase in ROS induced by ras oncoproteins. Mirk competes with the SAPK p38 for binding to their common activator MKK3. Thus Mirk is upregulated or amplified in certain pancreatic and ovarian cancers, is an active kinase in these cancers, and under suboptimal growth conditions, maintains these cancer cells in a viable, quiescent state.
Boy With Toy or Black Male With Gun: An Analysis of Online News Articles Covering the Shooting of Tamir Rice:

The current study explores how online media framed the police shooting of 12-year-old Tamir Rice in Cleveland, OH. We conducted a qualitative content analysis of a large sample of online news artic...
STUDYING STUDENT BEHAVIOR AND CHEMISTRY SKILL USING BROWSER-BASED TOOLS AND EYE-TRACKING HARDWARE

Browser-based tools were created to collect quantitative data about university student problem-solving skills. Three of these tools have been described: a word question tool that creates ideal gas law and stoichiometry questions using a set of complexity factors; a Lewis structure drawing tool that enables the user to draw a solution to an ion or molecule assigned to them; and a "spheres" tool that uses spheres to represent atoms and molecules to denote the particulate nature of matter. Results from these studies show that relatively simple questions can be made very complex by the addition of many complexity factors that challenge the cognitive skills. The drawing tools can be used for instruction or to collect data about student understanding; the outcomes suggest that students with more instruction in chemistry are more successful but even the performance of students after four semesters is somewhat disappointing. Eye-tracking hardware enabled the study of the student use of the visual interface of the other tools and to study molecular representation or interpret spectral data.
Diagnosis and Variation in Appearance of Brown Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Injury on Apple'

Adult brown stink bugs, Euschistus se,-vus (Say), were caged individually on limbs with apple fruit of 6 cultivars in research orchards in West Virginia. Studies were performed to describe specific characteristics of damage that could be used for field and/or laboratory diagno- sis of stink bug injury to apple fruit at harvest. These characteristics were separated into surface and subsurface features. On the apple surface, 3 prevailing types of stink bug injury were ob- served in the field: (1) a discolored dot, i.e., stink bug feeding puncture; (2) a discolored dot with a depression in the fruit; and (3) a discolored dot with a discolored depression in the fruit. Sub- surface characters were related to the extent of damage observed on the fruit skin. Common subsurface damage ranged from a stylet sheath to corky tissue of variable color, shape, and size that sometimes was not contiguous with the skin. Laboratory evaluations under a dissecting microscope revealed that the size of the stink bug feeding puncture was ...0.17 mm diam. This character was the only consistent, definitive symptom of stink bug injury present among all ob- served damage. Due to variability in other surface and subsurface characters, and potential problems with visual apparency of injury in the field, evaluations of suspected stink bug damage should be performed with 40X magnification in the laboratory to confirm the presence of stink bug feeding punctures.
An efficient energy-density-dependent undersampling approach for compressive sensing in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Conference Presentation)

Many prior studies performed in the area of compressive optical coherence tomography (OCT) have mostly dealt with the problem of compressive sensing and sparse recovery of processed OCT images. Unlike these studies, in this paper, we study the application of compressive sensing in terms of efficient data storage and generating OCT images from undersampled raw unprocessed spectral domain OCT data. High resolution spectral domain OCT requires acquisition of enormous amount of data at very high sampling rate but such a large amount of the raw data impedes fast and efficient data storage and communication. To solve the problem of storing a large amount of data, we propose a specific undersampling method guided by the energy density of the spectral domain data in order to facilitate sparse representation of the raw data in terms of its salient frequency domain samples. This method takes into account not just the higher amplitude spectral data, as suggested in some previous studies but samples data based on nearly uniform distribution of energy over all the sampling intervals in the entire spectrum. Finally, we apply some state of the art sparse recovery methods involving L1 minimization to recover our desired high resolution images from the undersampled spectral domain data. We demonstrate the performance of our proposed scheme by comparing it with the recovery accuracy of some recent energy-guided undersampling methods and the conventional compressive sensing with random undersampling. We also compare the performance of our method with the other methods in terms of data compression ratio with respect to the reconstruction error.
Dynamic Equilibrium of Cardiac Troponin C’s Hydrophobic Cleft and Its Modulation by Ca2+ Sensitizers and a Ca2+ Sensitivity Blunting Phosphomimic, cTnT(T204E)

Several studies have suggested that conformational dynamics are important in the regulation of thin filament activation in cardiac troponin C (cTnC); however, little direct evidence has been offered to support these claims. In this study, a dye homodimerization approach is developed and implemented that allows the determination of the dynamic equilibrium between open and closed conformations in cTnC’s hydrophobic cleft. Modulation of this equilibrium by Ca2+, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), cardiac troponin T (cTnT), Ca2+-sensitizers, and a Ca2+-desensitizing phosphomimic of cTnT (cTnT(T204E) is characterized. Isolated cTnC contained a small open conformation population in the absence of Ca2+ that increased significantly upon the addition of saturating levels of Ca2+. This suggests that the Ca2+-induced activation of thin filament arises from an increase in the probability of hydrophobic cleft opening. The inclusion of cTnI increased the population of open cTnC, and the inclusion of cTnT had the opposite effec...
Healthcare at the Crossroads: The Need to Shape an Organizational Culture of Humanistic Teaching and Practice

Changes in the organization of medical practice have impeded humanistic practice and resulted in widespread physician burnout and dissatisfaction. To identify organizational factors that promote or inhibit humanistic practice of medicine by faculty physicians. From January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2016, faculty from eight US medical schools were asked to write reflectively on two open-ended questions regarding institutional-level motivators and impediments to humanistic practice and teaching within their organizations. Sixty eight of the 92 (74%) study participants who received the survey provided written responses. All subjects who were sent the survey had participated in a year-long small-group faculty development program to enhance humanistic practice and teaching. As humanistic leaders, subjects should have insights into motivating and inhibiting factors. Participants’ responses were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Motivators included an organizational culture that enhances humanism, which we judged to be the overarching theme. Related themes included leadership supportive of humanistic practice, responsibility to role model humanism, organized activities that promote humanism, and practice structures that facilitate humanism. Impediments included top down organizational culture that inhibits humanism, along with related themes of non-supportive leadership, time and bureaucratic pressures, and non-facilitative practice structures. While healthcare has evolved rapidly, efforts to counteract the negative effects of changes in organizational and practice environments have largely focused on cultivating humanistic attributes in individuals. Our findings suggest that change at the organizational level is at least equally important. Physicians in our study described the characteristics of an organizational culture that supports and embraces humanism. We offer suggestions for organizational change that keep humanistic and compassionate patient care as its central focus.
Roses for Darwin

The publication of two high-quality rose reference genomes opens new possibilities for a better understanding of the rise of the phenotypic diversity behind domestication.
On the Problem of Anomalous Dispersion in Chaoto-Chaotic Phase Transitions of Neural Masses, and Its Significance for the Management of Perceptual Information in Brains

There is recent recognition that gamma oscillations in the visual cortical EEG may reveal a phase locking mechanism for the assembly of visual pattern information in the cortex. This is plausible in homology to a similar mechanism known to operate in the paleocortex of the olfactory system. Among the major problems to be solved in exploiting this breakthrough involve determinations of the basic form of the oscillations as the emergent properties of cooperative neural masses in visual cortex; the kinds of neuronal feedback that give rise to the gamma oscillations; the mechanisms for registration of geniculate input into the oscillations; the neural mechanisms required for readout; and the essential role played by periodic or chaotic oscillations in neocortical information management. Answers to these problems in the olfactory system are put forward for possible relevance to the still unsolved problems in visual cortical physiology.
Microtia Reconstruction: Autologous Rib and Alloplast Techniques

Microtia represents a spectrum of maldevelopment of the external ear. Reconstructive techniques may utilize an autogenous rib cartilage framework and require 2-4 stages; alternatively, an alloplastic framework can be used and typically requires 1-2 stages. Successful reconstruction of microtia with either technique can provide a significant quality of life improvement, and both techniques are described in this article.
Comparison of AOAC, Microwave and Vacuum Oven Methods for Determining Total Solids in Milk

A collaborative study was conducted on fluid milk for total solids measurement by a microwave oven and the AOAC method. The microwave oven method performed better than the AOAC method in repeatability and reproducibility of total solids measurement. In addition, comparative tests of the AOAC, microwave and vacuum oven methods showed high correlation coefficients between the methods. It was also observed that the microwave and vacuum oven methods consistently measured about 0.2% higher in total solids than did the AOAC method. This tendency may be attributed to the browning which occurred with the AOAC method.
Pathogenesis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis : Modeling the Innate Immune Response

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. The pathophysiology is likely secondary to innate immune responses to intestinal microbiota by the premature infant's intestinal tract, leading to inflammation and injury. This review provides an updated summary of the components of the innate immune system involved in NEC pathogenesis. In addition, we evaluate the animal models that have been used to study NEC with regard to the involvement of innate immune factors and histopathological changes as compared to those seen in infants with NEC. Finally, we discuss new approaches to studying NEC, including mathematical models of intestinal injury and the use of humanized mice.
Constructions in Model Theory

In these lectures we survey several fundamental methods of constructing models. We examine which logics admit which constructions, and illustrate their use with examples. The lectures begin with methods available only in classical first order logic and proceed to methods available in the infinitary logics \(\mathcal{L}_{\omega _i \omega } \) and L ∝ ω. We shall focus on three recent developments which have become more prominent in model theory since the publication of the book Chang and Keisler 7 . They are recursively saturated models (Lectures 2 and 3), model theoretic forcing (Lectures 5 and 6), and soft model theory (Lectures 4 and 8).
The need for improvement in the management of fatigue, depression and pain in pancreatic cancer.

429Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) and its treatment(s) results in symptom and side effect burden and can impact patient’s overall quality of life (QOL). Methods: Patient reported information on...
Exploring the perception of survivors on the bidirectional impact between cancer and their social contexts: A mixed-methods approach

Objective The purpose of the current study was to use a mixed-methods approach to assess the perspective of cancer survivors on the bidirectional impact between cancer and their social contexts. Method A fixed concurrent triangulation mixed-methods survey design was used with open- and closed-ended questions that were predetermined and administered to participants. Quantitative items included demographic questions and the Life Impact Checklist. Qualitative questions were designed to explore the bidirectional impact between the patient and specific contexts including spirituality/faith, the spousal/partner relationship, and the family. A cross-sectional descriptive approach was used to evaluate the quantitative items and the constant comparative method guided the analysis of open-ended questions. Result Among 116 participants (mean age 58.4 years), the majority were female (66.7%) with breast cancer (27.9%). Nearly one-half the respondents endorsed a positive impact of cancer on their spirituality/faith, but qualitative results suggested less of a bidirectional impact. The importance of the spouse/partner during the cancer experience was emphasized, including the subthemes of instrumental and emotional support; however, there was often a negative impact of cancer on the spouse/partner relationship, including sexual functioning. Survivors indicated family members provided instrumental and emotional support, but not as regularly or directly as a spouse/partner. Significance of results Social contexts are important among cancer survivors, with many cancer survivors relying more on their spouse/partner than other family members for support. The cancer experience is stressful not only for survivors, but also for individuals in their social contexts and relationships.
Bistable electroactive polymers for refreshable tactile displays

Bistable electroactive polymers (BSEP) combine shape memory with large-strain actuation at the rubbery state to achieve rigid-to-rigid actuation. The stiffness of the BSEP is tunable via glass transition or phase changing. The reversible melting-crystallization of the polymer chains in the phase changing BSEP contributes to the stiffness change within a narrow temperature range. A modulus change of more than 1000 folds can be achieved within 3 °C. Additionally, large actuation strains rivaling those of VHB acrylic elastomers can be obtained at the rubbery state. Explorations regarding potential applications of this material have been focused on tactile displays. In one design, Joule heating of a serpentine-shaped compliant electrode coated on a BSEP film, coupled with a pneumatic pressure source has been employed to raise diaphragm dots with 1.5 mm base diameter to heights up to 0.7 mm. The resulting Braille electronic readers could thus be actuated with low voltages.
Severe anion gap metabolic acidosis associated with initiation of a very low-carbohydrate diet.

Low carbohydrate diets have been popularized as an effective solution for weight loss. Although rare, life-threatening anion gap metabolic acidosis has been reported in patients on these diets. We ...
Chemogenetic Activation of Prefrontal Cortex in Shank3-Deficient Mice Ameliorates Social Deficits, NMDAR Hypofunction, and Sgk2 Downregulation

Haploinsufficiency of the SHANK3 gene is causally linked to autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in human genetic studies. Here we found that chemogenetic activation of pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of Shank3-deficient mice with the hM3D (Gq) DREADD restored social preference behaviors and elevated glutamatergic synaptic function in PFC. Moreover, the expression of Sgk2 (serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 2), a member of the Sgk family, which plays a key role in regulating the membrane trafficking of glutamate receptors, was diminished by Shank3 deficiency and rescued by Gq DREADD activation of PFC. Blocking Sgk function in Shank3-deficient mice prevented Gq DREADD from rescuing social and synaptic deficits, whereas blocking Sgk function in wild-type mice led to the attenuation of PFC glutamatergic signaling and the induction of autism-like social deficits. These results have provided a potential circuit intervention and molecular target for autism treatment.
Determinants of HIV-risk sexual behaviors among Zambian adolescents: The role of gendered power

Abstract Sub-Saharan African adolescents account for a disproportionate share of the global HIV infection rates with adolescent females carrying the heavy burden. Vulnerability to negative sexual health outcomes have been attributed to varying life contexts and power differentials influencing adolescent sexual behaviors. Using social dominance theory and the four bases of gendered power, this study examines the relationship between gender based power and adolescent HIV-risk sexual behavior. Data was derived from the 2013‐14 Zambia Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS). We utilize gender stratified multivariate logistic regression to determine whether the four bases of gendered power are predictive of condom use and multiple sexual partnering among sexually active adolescents (N = 1908), ages 15–19. Findings highlight the significant effects of sexual abuse, resource constraints (low levels of education, condom access, poverty) and gender-unequal beliefs and values on the odds of adolescent HIV-risk sexual behavior. We found gender variant effects of these factors on sexual behavior. For males, beliefs in gender-unequal norms acted as a barrier to condom use. Among females, having no education facilitated multiple sexual partnering. Implications for policy and practice are provided.
Image and Spectrum Based Deep Feature Analysis for Particle Matter Estimation with Weather Informatio

Air pollution is a major global risk to human health and environment. Particle matter (PM) with diameters less than 2.5 micrometers (PM 2.5 ) is more harmful to human health than other air pollutants because it can penetrate deeply into lungs and damage human respiratory system. A new imagebased deep feature analysis method is presented in this paper for PM 2.5 concentration estimation. Firstly, low level and high level features are extracted from images and their spectrums by a deep learning neural network, and then regression models are created using the extracted deep features to estimate the PM 2.5 concentrations, which are future refined by the collected weather information. The proposed method was evaluated using a PM 2.5 dataset with 1460 photos and the experimental results demonstrated that our method outperformed other state-of-the-art methods.
Seismic behaviors of high-strength bolted end-plate connected composite steel beam and square concrete filled steel tube column frames

Utilizing sub-structure methodology,pseudo-dynamic tests,a quasi-static test and a static pushover test were conducted on a two-story and one and a half bay frame,with composite steel beams and concrete filled steel tube(CFT) columns connected by high-strength bolts and end plates.The 4∶7 scale sub-assemblage frame simulated a portion of a 10 stories and 3 spans plane frame.Seismic performance of the CFT composite frame including failure pattern,displacement response,hysteretic behavior and energy dissipation capability were investigated.During pseudo-dynamic test,the stiffness of tested frame had little degradation for frequent occurrence earthquake,and the stiffness dropped by about 13% for design basis earthquake,and the stiffness reduced 20% however the story drift ratio was less than 2.0% for maximum considered earthquake.Initial local buckling at beam and first story column ends was detected after the story drift ratio exceeding 1.6% during pseudo-static test,while no global strength degradation occurred.Even when the story drift ratio exceeding 6.0% during pushover test,the frame could still develop sufficient lateral loading capacity.The high-strength bolted end-plate connections satisfied the requirements of aseismic design and were suggested to be designed as rigid connections within the drift limitation of related code.It is validated that the moment resistant frame with steel beams bolted to CFT columns can provide excellent seismic behaviors and has the potential to be utilized in buildings in earthquake regions.
Patterns of cortical interactivity supporting speech production and lexical retrieval: A graph signal processing approach at the individual level

Abstract Although seemingly easy, speech production is a complex action involving several processes and brain regions and is often studied through the use of picture naming paradigms. Several brain regions have been identified as being involved in speech production and lexical retrieval, including several areas of the left lateral, ventral, and medial temporal cortex, and of the left lateral and medial prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, little is known about how these regions interact to allow us to produce and retrieve words so efficiently as we speak. In this study, we used graph signal processing, and in particular graph learning, to analyze intracranial electroencephalography data recorded directly at the cortical surface (i.e., electrocorticography, ECoG) in the blocked cyclic picture naming task (recently reported in Ries et al., 2017). In this task, pictures are named several times in semantically homogeneous (HOM) versus heterogeneous (HET) blocks. Lexical retrieval, and in particular our ability to select words from competing alternatives, is hampered in HOM vs. HET blocks with increasing repetitions of the pictures, an effect referred to as the semantic interference effect. The method we used can infer the connectivity between different brain regions from the recorded ECoG signals through an optimization process that considers the entire connectivity map instead of pair-wise methods such as more commonly used correlation measures. Our results show that distant left frontal and temporal brain regions as well as PFC regions are functionally connected in picture naming, and that connection strength is variable between pairs of brain regions and between participants. Semantic interference on naming latencies was not present in all participants and varied in terms of when naming latencies became slower in HOM versus HET blocks. Connection weights were generally sensitive to semantic context in the participants showing a semantic interference effect on behavior but in highly variable ways across participants and in different region pairs. In sum, our results are consistent with the hypotheses that left frontal and temporal regions are functionally connected during picture naming and that intra-frontal connections seem particularly important in this paradigm manipulating lexical retrieval difficulty. Further research is needed to explore the cortical interactions supporting lexical retrieval.
Inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism attenuates EMCV replication and protects β-cells from virally mediated lysis.

Viral infection is one environmental factor that may contribute to the initiation of pancreatic β-cell destruction during the development of autoimmune diabetes. Picornaviruses, such as encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), induce a pro-inflammatory response in islets leading to local production of cytokines, such as IL-1, by resident islet leukocytes. Furthermore, IL-1 is known to stimulate β-cell expression of iNOS and production of the free radical nitric oxide. The purpose of this study was to determine whether nitric oxide contributes to the β-cell response to viral infection. We show that nitric oxide protects β-cells against virally mediated lysis by limiting EMCV replication. This protection requires low micromolar, or iNOS-derived, levels of nitric oxide. At these concentrations nitric oxide inhibits the Krebs enzyme aconitase and complex IV of the electron transport chain. Like nitric oxide, pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism attenuates EMCV-mediated β-cell lysis by inhibiting viral replication. These findings provide novel evidence that cytokine signaling in β-cells functions to limit viral replication and subsequent β-cell lysis by attenuating mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in a nitric oxide–dependent manner.
Left Ventricular Diastolic Function

Evaluating left ventricular diastolic function and filling pressures is an important consideration in patients presenting with dyspnea or heart failure. Echocardiography has become a key tool for this assessment. This chapter will briefly review the pathophysiology of diastolic dysfunction, the terminology used to describe the stages of diastolic dysfunction and the echocardiographic tools for assessing diastolic function.