cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MOSES: Manufacturing Organization Simulation and Evaluation System

The key to the successful "factory of the future" will be the effective coordination of managerial functions and production operations. The simulation model described in this paper addresses this "coordination" issue, especially in terms of managing the impact of interrelated alternatives and activities in an information-rich environment. An evolutionary simulation modeling program, MOSES (Manufacturing Organization Simulation & Evaluation System), has been developed for the purpose of describing, analyzing, and understanding manufacturing organizations.MOSES is both a program and a concept. As a program, it is a menu-driven, interactive, discrete-simulation modeling tool. MOSES users are able to simulate any discrete-product manufacturing environment. As a concept, MOSES is a blend of simulation modeling and information-based management. It is structured around the idea that all manufacturing organization functions can be categorized into one of four areas—marketing, production, inventory, and accounting...
Concurrent and Predictive Validity of the Addiction Severity Index in Pathological Gamblers

This study evaluated psychometric properties of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) in 231 pathological gamblers. Internal consistency was similar to that reported in substance abusers, temporal stability was good, and convergent and discriminant validity was established with other indices of patient, collateral, and interviewer-rated reports. Predictive validity of most subscales was excellent when baseline composite scores were used to predict the utilization of relevant services or unemployment, probation/parole status, and bankruptcy one year later. Thus, the ASI may be a useful tool for assessing gambling and psychosocial problems in the growing population of treatment-seeking gamblers.
An in vitro lung epithelial cell system for evaluating the potential toxicity of inhalable materials.

Abstract Assays have been developed using a lung epithelial cell strain, LEC, for evaluating the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of gases, vapours, particles and fibres. LEC was derived from an adult male Fischer 344 rat and was cultured continuously in vitro for over 60 passages. The cells had an epithelial morphology, a near-diploid modal chromosome number of 43–44, and properties of untransformed cells. Lamellar inclusion bodies were found in the cytoplasm, suggesting that LEC originated from the type II alveolar cells. The ability to LEC to metabolize xenobiotics was demonstrated by the formation of polar metabolites from benzo[ a ]pyrene, the induction of gene mutation by promutagens in a metabolically incompetent cell line (Chinese hamster ovary cells) after co-cultivation with LEC, and the induction of sister chromatid exchange in LEC by promutagens. LEC will grow on collagen gel in the absence of an overlying medium, thereby constituting an in vitro exposure system closely resembling lung epithelium in vivo . The cytotoxic potential of inhalable agents, including nitrogen dioxide, phenol vapours, formaldehyde, automobile exhaust, titanium dioxide and chrysotile and crocidolite forms of asbestos was studied. The in vitro cytotoxicity appeared to correlate well with the known in vivo pulmonary toxicity of the substances studied. Using chromosomal-aberration induction as an endpoint, chrysotile asbestos was found to be genotoxic to LEC. Our results suggest that LEC may be a useful in vitro system for the evaluation of the toxic potential of inhalable materials.
Volume Current Effects on MEG and Modeling

Initial work on MEG assumed that the head is a sphere, either homogeneous or a set of successive concentric layers, and emphasized that if the magnetic field from the spherical head is recorded radially only the impressed current, the cellular current associated with some neural event like an epileptiform spike or an evoked response, needs to be taken into account (Williamson and Kaufman, 1982). The volume currents, those generated far from the excited cells, over the whole volume of the electrically conducting brain, CSF, skull, and scalp, and due to the electrical potentials generated by the impressed current, give no contribution if the sensors are oriented radially. The magnetic field can then be calculated from the current in a small region of space with Biot Savart’s Law (Williamson and Kaufman, 1982). For this approximation, scanning around the head should give a symmetric map with two extrema of opposite signs. Recording from the occipital area, for example, offers support of this picture.
Anaerobic bioventing of unsaturated zone contaminated with DDT and DNT.

Initial degradation of highly chlorinated compounds and nitroaromatic compounds found in munition waste streams is accelerated under anaerobic conditions followed by aerobic treatment of the degradation products. The establishment of anaerobic environment in a vadose zone can be accomplished by feeding appropriate anaerobic gas mixture, i.e., “anaerobic bioventing”. The gas mixture contains an electron donor for the reduction of these compounds. Lab scale study was conducted to evaluate potential of anaerobic bioventing for the treatment of an unsaturated zone contaminated with 1,1,1-trichloro -2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT). Hydrogen was used as the electron donor. Using the soil columns innoculate with anaerobic microorganisms, it was observed that by feeding a gas mixture of 1% hydrogen, 1% carbon dioxide and nitrogen, methanogenic conditions were established and DDT was reductively dechlorinated. 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD) accumulated as the intermediate product. The half life of DDT was calculated to be 8.5 months. DNT completely disappeared after six months of operation and no intermediates could be detected.
Abstract 1699: Breast cancer protein markers in African Americans

The purpose of this study is to characterize protein markers in African American breast tumors that correspond to different tumor subtypes, recurrence, and survival. Tissue microarrays (TMA) have been used because they have the advantage of analyzing numerous samples on a single slide and can be used in clinical pathology laboratories. Protein markers that have been used are estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2), cyclin A2, cytokeratin 5, vimentin, Bcl2, and Ki67. TMA have been prepared and stained for proteins that will distinguish 5 tumor subtypes: luminal A (ER+ and/or PR+ Her2-); luminal B (ER+ and/or PR+ Her2- Cyclin A2+ and/or Ki67+); luminal B Her2+ (ER+ and/or PR+ Her2+); Her2+ (ER- PR- Her2+), and triple negative (ER- PR- Her2-). These subtypes are known to be associated with different relapse-free survival and overall survival. Luminal B tumors have the same ER+PR+HER2- profile as luminal A tumors; however, luminal B tumors have a poor prognosis, whereas luminal A tumors have the best prognosis of all 5 subtypes. Luminal B tumors can be distinguished from luminal A tumors by staining for cell cycle proteins Cyclin A2 or Ki67, which promote cell proliferation. Cyclin A2 was more frequently expressed than Ki67 in tumors with poor prognosis such as luminal B (ER+PR+HER-) and ER-PR-HER2- (triple negative) tumors. Therefore, Cyclin A2+ may better serve to identify luminal B and triple negative tumors with a poor prognosis and thus aid physicians in treatment decisions. The RASSF1A protein has been reported to inhibit the transcription of Cyclin A2. Methylation of the RASSF1A promoter is expected to decrease RASSF1A transcription and thereby increase Cyclin A2 transcription and protein levels. Significantly increased levels of RASSF1A methylation have been observed in this laboratory with AA ER-PR-HER- breast cancer patients compared to mammoplasty samples. Thus, increased Cyclin A2 protein staining correlated with increased RASSF1A methylation. This is one molecular explanation for elevated cyclin A2 protein levels in triple negative tumors. Discovery of molecular markers and subtypes that are most prevalent in African Americans could lead to a better treatment, targets for therapy, and understanding of the factors contributing to higher mortality in this group compared to other groups. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1699. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1699
Temporal Profile of Early Pulmonary Hypertension in Preterm Infants

Objective The objective of this study was to study the temporal profile of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in preterm infants. Study Design Infants n = 10) and gestationally matched controls ( n = 18) underwent serial echocardiography every 7 to 10 days until 36 weeks postmenstrual age. Results Groups with and without early PH were comparable except for higher F io 2 by day 10 among infants with early PH. Early PH was moderate in extent and resolved in all infants with recurrence in one infant. Among infants without early PH, five infants developed late PH. In both groups, development of late PH occurred in association with important neonatal morbidities, such as patent ductus arteriosus, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and infection. Conclusion Early moderate PH among preterm infants resolves over a variable time period but recurrence is possible. Late PH can appear during the course of hospitalization in association with other clinical morbidities.
Three-dimensional, flexible graphene bioelectronics

We report 3-dimensional (3D) graphene-based biosensors fabricated via 3D transfer of monolithic graphene-graphite structures. This mechanically flexible all-carbon structure is a prospective candidate for intimate 3D interfacing with biological systems. Monolithic graphene-graphite structures were synthesized using low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) process relying on the heterostructured metal catalyst layers. Nonplanar substrates and wet-transfer method were used with a thin Au film as a transfer layer to achieve the 3D graphene structure. Instead of the typical wet-etching method, vapor-phase etching was performed to minimize the delamination of the graphene while removing the transfer layer. We believe that the monolithic graphene-graphite synthesis combined with the conformal 3D transfer will pave the way for the 3D conformal sensing capability as well as the intracellular recording of living cells in the future.
Characteristic and Policy Suggestion on Production Based on Review of China Grain Since 1978

This research reviews the status of China’s grain production,induces new characters of it from the total amount,variety and region. The paper puts forward the general thinking and concrete proposals to promote grain production. China’s grain production circularly grows in the fluctuations since the reform and opening,the rate of increment gradually is also reducing. Growth of four dominating grains is inconsistent,which can smooth fluctuation. The production of various areas is greatly different,the main production area is centralizing. The paper suggests to establish and perfect farming protection system,strengthen agricultural mechanization,attention balance the structure of varieties grain,raise the comprehensive grain production ability of production areas.
The expression and accumulation of soybean vegetative-cell thiol protease is temporally and developmentally regulated

Plants possess a salvage pathway in which proteins accumulated during prior developmental stages are catabolized and recycled as building blocks for new rounds of synthesis. Soybean leaves and pods accumulate vegetative storage proteins prior to and during reproductive stage that function as transient nitrogen resources. These proteins are mobilized to provide carbon and nitrogen for the synthesis of seed storage proteins during seed maturation. We have isolated two thiol protease cDNAs that correspond to the two isoforms that are expressed in soybean leaves and pods. Immunoblot analysis with an antipeptide antibody elicited against the 15 C-terminal amino acids of the leaf protease cross-react with an identical Mr polypeptide in leaves, pods, roots, flowers and cotyledons after 9 days of seedling growth. The distribution of the protease in various soybean organs indicates the thiol protease is a vegetative cell protease. The expression of the vegetative protease mRNA in soybean leaves occurs during leaf expansion but only after the leaves are sufficiently mature to undergo the sink to source transition. In contrast thiol protease gene expression in pods occurs throughout seed maturation. The leaves of podded and depodded soybean plants both express the thiol protease mRNAs, however depodding soybean plants partially represses thiol protease gene expression. The expression of the leaf protease is subject to temporal control with higher levels of expression occuring in the late afternoon in plants exposed to the ambient day/night cycle. The accumulation of the proteins encoded by the vegetative thiol protease mRNAs are likely to be responsible for amino acid salvage from vegetative storage protein.
An Ideal C3-Symmetric Sulfate Complex: Molecular Recognition of Oxoanions by m-Nitrophenyl- and Pentafluorophenyl-Functionalized Hexaurea Receptors

The anion-binding properties of two tripodal-based hexaureas appended with the m-nitrophenyl (1) and pentafluorophenyl (2) groups have been studied both experimentally and theoretically, showing strong affinities for sulfate over other inorganic oxoanions such as hydrogen sulfate, dihydrogen phosphate, bicarbonate, nitrate, and perchlorate. The structural analysis of the sulfate complex with 1 reveals that the receptor organizes all urea-binding sites toward the cavity at precise orientations around a tetrahedral sulfate anion to form an ideal C3-symmetric sulfate complex that is stabilized by 12 hydrogen-bonding interactions. The receptor and the encapsulated sulfate are located on the threefold axis passing through the bridgehead nitrogen of 1 and the sulfur atom of the anionic guest. The high-level density functional theory calculations support the crystallographic results, demonstrating that the C3-symmetric conformation of the sulfate complex is achieved due to the complementary NH···O between the re...
THE CONCEPT OF THE ARKANSAS STORY HOUSE

ABSTRACT The presentation of the Arkansas Story house as the concept, which it is, with the specific construction features being part of a system which exemplifies the concepts. In particular it includes the interaction of the components of the structure not only with each other, but with the inhabitant's comfort. These concepts can be applied to any size structure housing humans.
Impact of domain walls on the chiral magnetic effect in hot QCD matter

The chiral magnetic effect (CME)---the separation of positive and negative electric charges along the direction of the external magnetic field in quark-gluon plasma and other topologically nontrivial media---is a consequence of the coupling of electrodynamics to the topological gluon field fluctuations that form metastable $CP$-odd domains. In phenomenological models it is usually assumed that the domains are uniform and the influence of the domain walls on the electric current flow is not essential. This article challenges the latter assumption. A simple model consisting of a uniform spherical domain in a uniform time-dependent magnetic field is introduced and analytically solved. It is shown that (i) no electric current flows into or out of the domain; (ii) the charge separation current, viz. the total electric current flowing inside the domain in the external field direction, is a dissipative Ohm current; (iii) the CME effect can be produced either by the anomalous current or by the boundary conditions on the domain wall; and (iv) the charge separation current oscillates in plasma long after the external field decays. These properties are qualitatively different from the CME in an infinite medium.
An optimized microfluidic paper-based NiOOH/Zn alkaline battery.

In this paper, an alkaline nickel oxide hydroxide/zinc (NiOOH/Zn) battery featuring a cellulose matrix separator between electrodes is presented. The metallic electrodes and the paper separator are inserted in a layer-by-layer assembly that provides mechanical stability to the system resulting in a lightweight and easy-to-use device. The battery was optimized for the amount of NiOOH-ink used at the cathode (11.1 mg/cm2 ) and thickness of the paper membrane separating the electrodes (360 μm). The battery was able to function using a small volume (75 μL) of 1.5 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) producing a maximum voltage, current density, and power density of 1.35 ± 0.05 V, 10.62 ± 0.57 mA/cm², and 0.56 ± 0.01 mW/cm², respectively. The system displayed a maximum current of 23.9 mA and a maximum power of 1.26 mW. Moreover, four batteries connected in series were able to power a small flameless candle for approximately 22 min. This work has potential in fulfilling the demands for short-term and lightweight power supplies.
Microwave Photonics at DARPA: Past, Present and Future

Microwave photonics research at DARPA is briefly reviewed. The need to focus on multi-use applications of the technology is stressed. Photonics for radio-frequency interference mitigation is identified as such an opportunity.
Hydrogen annealing effects on local structures and oxidation states of atomic layer deposited SnOx

Divalent tin is of great interest, but comes with a drawback—its metastable nature. In pursuing divalent tin, the authors systematically examine the change in oxidation states of Sn using a set of ALD SnOx films annealed in different atmospheres at temperatures ranging from 350 to 650 °C. Although the majority of Sn in the film was tetravalent after deposition, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption near-edge structure verified the presence of divalent Sn after annealing in H2, and the divalent Sn content increased as the annealing temperature was raised. The local structures of Sn processed under these conditions were probed using extended x-ray absorption fine structure. Data from samples annealed in H2 at 350, 450, and 550 °C were fitted well using a rutile SnO2 model; the sample annealed in H2 at 650 °C could only be fitted using a hybrid of SnO2 and SnO models. Annealing in N2 and O2 resulted in tetravalent Sn. X-ray reflectivity showed that the density of the as-deposited film was as low as 50% of that for bulk SnO2; annealing in H2 first increased the critical angle, but the lowest density was found in films annealed in H2 at 650 °C. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the as-deposited films were amorphous whereas the annealed films underwent a dewetting process after annealing for 30 min in H2 at 550 °C; the resulting structure was separated into tin-rich spheres with oxygen-rich outer shells and SnO clusters, possibly due to the lattice mismatch between Sn and SnO after disproportionation.Divalent tin is of great interest, but comes with a drawback—its metastable nature. In pursuing divalent tin, the authors systematically examine the change in oxidation states of Sn using a set of ALD SnOx films annealed in different atmospheres at temperatures ranging from 350 to 650 °C. Although the majority of Sn in the film was tetravalent after deposition, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption near-edge structure verified the presence of divalent Sn after annealing in H2, and the divalent Sn content increased as the annealing temperature was raised. The local structures of Sn processed under these conditions were probed using extended x-ray absorption fine structure. Data from samples annealed in H2 at 350, 450, and 550 °C were fitted well using a rutile SnO2 model; the sample annealed in H2 at 650 °C could only be fitted using a hybrid of SnO2 and SnO models. Annealing in N2 and O2 resulted in tetravalent Sn. X-ray reflectivity showed that the density of the as-deposited film was as ...
Minimally Invasive Lateral Access Surgery and Reoperation Rates: A Multi-Institution Retrospective Review of 2060 Patients.

Background Risk factors for surgical revision remain important because of additional readmission, anesthesia, and morbidity for the patient and significant cost for health care systems. Although the rate of reoperation (RRO) is well described for traditional open posterior (OP) approaches, the RRO in minimally invasive lateral (MIL) surgery remains poorly characterized. This study compares the RRO in patients undergoing decompressive lumbar spine surgery via MIL versus OP approaches. Methods Patient demographics and comorbidities were retrospectively collected for 2060 patients undergoing single-stage elective lumbar spinal surgery at multiple institutions. A subset of 1484 patients had long-term data (long-term cohort [LT cohort]). The RRO was compared between approaches through univariate and multivariate analysis. Results There were 1292 patients (62.7%) who underwent lateral access surgery, whereas 768 patients (37.3%) underwent OP surgery. The MIL cohort was significantly older, had a higher proportion of men, and had more comorbidities than the OP cohort. In the LT cohort, lateral patients were significantly older and had more comorbidities, with a lower body mass index and a lower proportion of men and smokers. Surgical complications between the groups trended to be similar. The MIL cohort had a significantly lower RRO at both 30 days (approximately 57% lower, MIL cohort: 1.01% vs. OP cohort: 2.36%, P = 0.02) and 2 years (approximately 61% lower, MIL cohort: 2.09% vs. OP cohort: 5.37%, P Conclusions This study shows that MIL surgical approaches, compared with OP approaches, have a significantly lower RRO after lumbar spine surgery.
Biomedical Polymers in Theory and Practice

The field of biomedical polymers continues to show steady growth in both the basic research and applications areas. The only limit to the suggested uses of polymers in medicine seems to be a limit in our imagination. Some recent popular articles suggest that nearly all parts of the human body could be replaced by some type of a plastic and/or metal device (1,2). Many major problems remain to be solved before this vision could become fact, however. A large number of recent surveys and books attest to the great interest in this important field of science (3–31). These books but scratch the surface and hundreds of articles are published each year in a variety of journals including such specialized ones as the Journal of Biomedical Materials Research and the Transactions of the American Society of Artificial Internal Organs. Courses in the field of biomedical polymers and biomaterials are now offered at many different universities (32).
GreedyTalents: An Energy-Aware Auto-Tuning Method for Many-Core Processor

With the era of many-core processing upon us, it is important to be able to effectively utilize the abundant number of cores available in the processor. Given multiple programs to be run simultaneously, one must decide not only how many cores to allocate to each program, but also at what frequency and voltage to run them. Furthermore, the goal of producing the best performance and the lowest energy consumption or the lowest energy delay product (EDP), without any knowledge about the programs, this can be a challenging task. For programs that can take advantage of multiple cores, what we observed is that the largest benefit in reducing the execution time and EDP is by allowing the program to use additional cores. This execution time advantage can follow an exponentially decaying function, thus providing an effective mechanism in determining the number of cores to use for each program. In this paper we introduce a heuristic method - GreedyTalents - to accomplish this task based on the empirical observation of the execution time of the running programs. We also show that GreedyTalents provides equal or better results than other comparable methods, and converges faster in determining the settings to use, showing it as a promising method of energy-aware auto-tuning for many-core processors.
Tuning Electronic Transport in WSe 2 -Graphene

In many atomically thin photovoltaic devices, field effect transistors, and tunneling diodes, 2D TMDC have been used as a semiconducting layer in tandem with graphene and many other substrates. It is necessary to achieve efficient charge transport across WSe2-graphene, which creates a semiconductor to semimetal junction. In such cases, the band alignment engineering is required to ensure a low-resistance, ohmic contact. In previous chapter, we cover preparation and fundamental properties of WSe2-graphene. In this chapter, we investigate the impact of graphene properties on the transport at the interface of WSe2-graphene. Electrical transport measurements reveal a change in resistance between WSe2 and fully hydrogenated epitaxial graphene (EGFH) compared to WSe2 grown on partially hydrogenated epitaxial graphene (EGPH). Using low-energy electron microscopy and reflectivity (LEEM/LEER) on these samples, we extract the work function difference between the WSe2 and graphene and employ a charge transfer model to determine the WSe2 carrier density in both cases. The results here indicate that WSe2-EGFH displays nearly ohmic behavior at small biases due to a large hole density in the WSe2, whereas WSe2-EGPH forms a Schottky barrier junction.
On Generalized Fourier Transforms for Standard L-Functions

Any generalization of the method of Godement–Jacquet on principal L-functions for GL(n) to other groups as perceived by Braverman–Kazhdan/Ngo requires a Fourier transform on a space of Schwartz functions. In the case of standard L-functions for classical groups, a theory of this nature was developed by Piatetski-Shapiro and Rallis, called the doubling method. It was later that Braverman and Kazhdan, using an algebro-geometric approach, different from doubling method, introduced a space of Schwartz functions and a Fourier transform, which projected onto those from doubling method. In both methods a normalized intertwining operator played the role of the Fourier transform. The purpose of this paper is to show that the Fourier transform of Braverman–Kazhdan projects onto that of doubling method. In particular, we show that they preserve their corresponding basic functions. The normalizations involved are not the standard ones suggested by Langlands, but rather a singular version of local coefficients of Langlands–Shahidi method. The basic function will require a shift by 1/2 as dictated by doubling construction, reflecting the global theory, and begs explanation when compared with the work of Bouthier–Ngo–Sakellaridis. This matter is further discussed in an appendix by Wen-Wei Li.
Rebekah: Model matriarch:

Rebekah is a singular figure within the Bible. Her energy and agency revitalize the covenant family. Inhabiting a matrix of feminine family roles, as daughter, sister, bride, wife, mother, and moth...
Psychiatric Disorders in Children after Epilepsy Surgery: Acute, Subacute, and Chronic

Psychiatric illness is highly prevalent among children with epilepsy and most commonly manifests as attentional deficits, mood dysregulation, and social isolation. While epilepsy surgery is increasingly utilized for seizure control in children with medically refractory epilepsy, its consequences with regard to psychiatric outcomes are still somewhat obscure. Epilepsy surgery may influence psychiatric outcomes in myriad ways, including through improved seizure control, decreased reliance on antiepileptic drugs, and by altering the course of a child's neurodevelopmental trajectory. This review surveys the current literature to elucidate the complex interactions between epilepsy surgery and psychiatric outcomes and attempts to delineate the progression of psychiatric manifestations in surgical patients over time. When compared with medical treatment, epilepsy surgery yields better social and behavioral outcomes in the early postoperative period; however, it is not clear that surgery is superior when assessing long-term social and behavioral metrics. Additionally, epilepsy surgery has shown promise in improving long-term cognitive outcomes, but these effects may not become apparent until several years after surgery. Moreover, longer preoperative seizure duration tends to be associated with worse psychiatric outcomes. Finally, surgical patients may be particularly vulnerable to the deleterious psychiatric effects of ongoing seizures.
More COPS, less crime

Abstract I exploit a natural experiment to estimate the causal effect of police on crime. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act increased funding for the Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) hiring grant program from less than $20 million over 2005–2008 to $1 billion in 2009. Hiring grants distributed in 2009 were allocated according to an application score cutoff rule, and I leverage quasi-random variation in grant receipt by comparing the change over time in police and crimes for cities above and below the threshold in a difference-in-differences framework. Relative to low-scoring cities, those above the cutoff experience increases in police of about 3.2% and declines in victimization cost-weighted crime of about 3.5% following the distribution of hiring grants. The effects are driven by large and statistically significant effects of police on robbery, larceny, and auto theft, with suggestive evidence that police reduce murders as well. Crime reductions associated with additional police were more pronounced in areas most affected by the Great Recession. The results highlight that fiscal support to local governments for crime prevention may offer large returns, especially during bad macroeconomic times.
Machine learning for modeling, diagnostics, and control of non-equilibrium plasmas

Author(s): Mesbah, A; Graves, DB | Abstract: Machine learning (ML) is a set of computational tools that can analyze and utilize large amounts of data for many different purposes. Recent breakthroughs in ML and artificial intelligence largely enabled by advances in computing power and parallel computing present cross-disciplinary research opportunities to exploit some of these techniques in the field of non-equilibrium plasma (NEP) studies. This paper presents our perspectives on how ML can potentially transform modeling and simulation, real-time monitoring, and control of NEP.
REVELATION MECHANISMS AND ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY

We show that revelation mechanisms affect owners' valuations of the assets they own and that different mechanisms provide owners with the incentive to reveal—truthfully—different valuations. Self‐assessment of property with compulsory sale at the self‐assessed price is the only known mechanism that promotes allocative efficiency by providing efficient incentives for transferring property to those who value it most. We introduce two modifications of the standard self‐assessment mechanism that maintain full incentives to invest and raise as much public revenue as can be raised efficiently.
Measuring TREX1 and TREX2 exonuclease activities.

Three-prime Repair Exonuclease (TREX1) degrades ssDNA and dsDNA. TREX1 localizes to the perinuclear space in cells and degrades cytosolic DNA to prevent aberrant nucleic acid sensing and immune activation in humans and mice. Mutations in the TREX1 gene cause a spectrum of human autoimmune diseases including Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome, familial chilblain lupus, retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy, and are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. More than 60 disease-causing TREX1 variants have been identified including dominant and recessive, missense, and frameshift mutations that map to the catalytic core region and to the C-terminal cell localization region. The TREX1-disease causing mutations affect exonuclease activity at varied levels. In this chapter, we describe methods to purify variant recombinant TREX1 enzymes and measure the exonuclease activity using ssDNA and dsDNA substrates. The relationships between TREX1 activities, types of TREX1 mutations, and TREX1-associated autoimmune diseases are considered.
Look-Ahead Model-Predictive Generation Dispatch Methods

In this chapter, the value of advanced dispatch methods is tested using the Azores island data. These methods are (1) physically implementable static dispatch; (2) centralized look-ahead dispatch; and (3) distributed look-ahead dispatch. We show through simulations that look-ahead dispatch could reduce the economic dispatch cost by taking into account wind variation in a moving horizon manner as compared to static dispatch. We show through examples that the amount of cost savings depends on (a) the relative generation cost difference of the power plants in the system and (2) the ramp rate capability of different unit.
Scleral lens for severe dry eye status post lacrimal gland resection for adenoid cystic carcinoma

Abstract Purpose Scleral contact lenses (SCLs) are devices that allow a fluid reservoir between the contact lens and the cornea, providing both improved lubrication and refraction. Consequently, SCLs have been used for significant refractive error in addition to a wide range of ocular surface diseases. We present the first case of a woman who complained of severe dryness and pain following resection of an adenoid cystic carcinoma of her lacrimal gland with complete resolution of her symptoms with a SCL. Observations A woman who complained of severe dryness and pain following resection of an adenoid cystic carcinoma of her lacrimal gland presented to the ophthalmology clinic. She had no subsequent lacrimal function without relief from conventional dry eye treatments. However, early treatment with a SCL successfully preserved her ocular surface, improved her corneal staining pattern, and improved her vision. Conclusions and Importance: While other options exist, including permanent tarsorrhaphy, lid taping, or moisture goggles, the SCL allowed the combination of cosmesis, visual function, and ocular surface rehabilitation.
A review of structure-preserving numerical methods for engineering applications

Abstract Accurate numerical simulation of dynamical systems is essential in applications ranging from particle physics to geophysical fluid flow to space hazard analysis. However, most traditional numerical methods do not account for the underlying geometric structure of the physical system, leading to simulation results that may suggest nonphysical behavior. The field of geometric numerical integration (GNI) is concerned with numerical methods that respect the fundamental physics of a problem by preserving the geometric properties of the governing differential equations. Research over the past two decades has produced GNI methods that are so accurate that they are now used for benchmarking purposes for long-time simulation of conservative dynamical systems. However, their utility for large-scale engineering problems is still an open question. This paper presents a review of structure-preserving numerical methods with focus on their engineering applications. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of different classes of GNI methods for mechanical systems while providing a survey of practical examples from numerical simulation of realistic engineering problems.
Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on endoscopy training in a tertiary care centre in Germany

Objective The COVID-19 crisis has impacted on all aspects of health care including medical education and training. We describe the disruption of endoscopy training in a tertiary care center in Germany. Design/Method The reorganization of a high-volume endoscopy unit during the German COVID-19 outbreak is described with special focus on endoscopy trainees. Changes in case volume of gastroenterology fellows were evaluated and compared to a year prior to the outbreak. Results Reallocation of resources led to the transfer of gastroenterology fellows to intensive care and infectious disease units. Case volume of fellows declined between January and April 2020 by up to 63%. When compared with data from the year prior to the outbreak, endoscopy performed by fellows reduced by up to 56%. Educational meetings and skill evaluation were cancelled indefinitely. Conclusion The COVID-19 outbreak has had a negative impact on endoscopy training of gastroenterology fellows in a high-volume center in Germany. This must be taken into consideration when planning “return-strategies” after the pandemic.
Aligning community-engaged research competencies with online training resources across the Clinical and Translational Science Award Consortium.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The extent that Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) programs offer resources accessible online for training in community-engaged research (CEnR) core competencies is unknown. This study cataloged CEnR resources accessible online from CTSAs and mapped resources to CEnR core competencies. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Eight domains of CEnR core competencies were identified: knowledge/perceptions of CEnR; personal traits necessary for CEnR; knowledge of/relationships with communities; training for performing CEnR; CEnR methods; program evaluation; resource sharing and communication; and dissemination and advocacy. A systematic review of CEnR resources accessible online from CTSAs was conducted between July 2018 and May 2019. Resource content was independently reviewed by two reviewers and scored for inclusion of each domain of CEnR core competencies. Domain scores across all resources and inter-rater reliability in scoring domains were assessed using descriptive statistics and Cohen’s kappa coefficients. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Overall, 214 resources available from 24 CTSAs were eligible for full review. Scoring discrepancies for at least one domain within a resource initially occurred in 51% of resources. “CEnR methods” (50.5%; 108 of 214) and “Knowledge of/relationships with the community” (40.2%; 86 of 214) were most frequently addressed and “Program evaluation” (12.1%; 26 of 214) and “Dissemination and advocacy” (11.2%; 24 of 214) were least frequently addressed domains. Additionally, challenges were noted in navigating CTSA websites to access CEnR resources, and CEnR competency nomenclature was not standardized. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Our findings guide CEnR stakeholders to identify CEnR resources accessible online and gaps to address in CEnR resource development. Standardized nomenclature for CEnR competencies is needed for effective CEnR resource classification. Uniform organization of CTSA websites may maximize navigability. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: In addition to the funding information listed previously (see above), within the last three years, R.J. Piasecki has been employed as: Project Coordinator, CEnR Online Learning Project, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing (Current) Temporary Employee (Doctoral Student Intern), Michigan State University Institute for Health Policy (Current) Clinical RN, Intrastaff at the Johns Hopkins Health System (Past) Research Data Analysis Assistant, Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services (Past - contracted)
Testing the Reliability of Cluster Mass Indicators with a Systematics Limited Data Set

We present the mass X-ray observable scaling relationships for clusters of galaxies using the XMM-Newton cluster catalog of Snowden et al. Our results are roughly consistent with previous observational and theoretical work, with one major exception. We find 2-3 times the scatter around the best fit mass scaling relationships as expected from cluster simulations or seen in other observational studies. We suggest that this is a consequence of using hydrostatic mass, as opposed to virial mass, and is due to the explicit dependence of the hydrostatic mass on the gradients of the temperature and gas density profiles. We find a larger range of slope in the cluster temperature profiles at radii 500 than previous observational studies. Additionally, we find only a weak dependence of the gas mass fraction on cluster mass, consistent with a constant. Our average gas mass fraction results also argue for a closer study of the systematic errors due to instrumental calibration and modeling method variations between analyses. We suggest that a more careful study of the differences between various observational results and with cluster simulations is needed to understand sources of bias and scatter in cosmological studies of galaxy clusters.
Coordinated Care: Capacity Allocation to Improve Itinerary Completion in Queueing Networks

Coordinated care is a burgeoning paradigm where patients receive diagnosis and treatment planning involving collaboration between two or more medical specialties to facilitate rapid and effective solutions to complex conditions. A key service metric for coordinated care organizations is how quickly they can move patients through their sequence of appointments at multiple clinical services in the network. Each patient's care path is uncertain when the appointment capacities are being planned, because information about the patient's condition evolves over the course of the patient's care process. Hence, the planning of root (first) appointments is the primary operational lever, as the other appointments evolve stochastically. In this work, we develop a discrete-time queueing network to optimize this root appointment allocation over a cyclic time horizon to maximize the proportion of patients that can complete their care by a class-dependent deadline. The model accounts for several salient features of coordinated care networks, including parallel appointment requests, stochastic paths, and time-varying features. We provide an {exact} characterization of the sojourn time in the network with a doubly-stochastic phase-type distribution and leverage a mean-field model with convergence guarantees to address intractability. We then develop a policy improvement framework that approximates the original stochastic optimization by a sequence of linear programs (LP), where the sojourn time model is parameterized in the policy evaluation step. The LPs are computationally efficient, and our algorithm can solve large-scale stochastic optimization for networks of realistic sizes (e.g., 26 service stations). In a case study of the Mayo Clinic, our solution improves on-time completion to more than 93\%, from 60\% under the current plan. We demonstrate that this is a multifaceted problem, and that ignoring any those facets can lead to poor performance. Simultaneously accounting for all these complexities makes manual template design challenging and highlights the practical significance of our optimization algorithm.
Development of a Synthetic Malonyl-CoA Sensor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Intracellular Metabolite Monitoring and Genetic Screening.

Genetic sensors capable of converting key metabolite levels to fluorescence signals enable the monitoring of intracellular compound concentrations in living cells, and emerge as an efficient tool in high-throughput genetic screening. However, the development of genetic sensors in yeasts lags far behind their development in bacteria. Here we report the design of a malonyl-CoA sensor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using an adapted bacterial transcription factor FapR and its corresponding operator fapO to gauge intracellular malonyl-CoA levels. By combining this sensor with a genome-wide overexpression library, we identified two novel gene targets that improved intracellular malonyl-CoA concentration. We further utilized the resulting recombinant yeast strain to produce a valuable compound, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, from malonyl-CoA and enhanced its titer by 120%. Such a genetic sensor provides a powerful approach for genome-wide screening and could further improve the synthesis of a large range of chemicals der...
Development and Validation of a HPLC Method to Determine Griseofulvin in Rat Plasma: Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies

A simple, specific, sensitive, and rapid high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of griseofulvin in small volumes of rat plasma was developed and validated using warfarin as an internal standard. Biological sample preparation involved simple extraction with acetonitrile, followed by dilution with aqueous mobile phase buffer (20 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate, pH 3.5) to eliminate any chromatographic solvent effects. Griseofulvin and warfarin were baseline separated and quantitated on a C18 reversed phase column (4.6 × 150 mm, 3.5 µ m), using a mobile phase composed of a 20 mM aqueous solution of sodium dihydrogen phosphate-acetonitrile (55:45, v/v, pH 3.5) delivered at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and with fluorescence detection (λexcitation = 300 nm, λemission = 418 nm). The method was proven to be linear over a plasma griseofulvin concentration range of 10 to 2500 ng/mL with a mean correlation coefficient of 0.9996. The intra-day and inter-day accuracy (relative error) were in the range of 0.89% to 9.26% and 0.71% to 7.68%, respectively. The within-day precision (coefficient of variation) was less than 3.0% and the between-day precision was less than 7.5%. The mean recovery of griseofulvin from rat plasma was found to be 99.2%. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of griseofulvin were determined to be 1 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to quantitatively assess the pharmacokinetics of griseofulvin in rats following a single 50 mg/kg oral dose of the drug.
Functional Characterization of Surface Roughness Generated by Plateau Honing Process Using Wavelet Analysis

Plateau honing is being widely used in the production of cylinder bores to produce a surface to achieve the required functional performance. Characterizing plateau-honed surface irregularity into functional components is helpful for process control and functional analysis. The application of wavelet transform to characterize plateau-honed surface is presented. Difficulty exists in quantitatively determining the zooming level for functional characterizing the multi-process produced surfaces. In this paper, we utilize probability plot of bearing ratio curve, to quantify the zooming level of wavelet transform to obtain the functional components which related to different functional aspects from plateau honed surfaces. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated.
Entropy Bounds for Restricted Convex Hulls

An unsolved problem of bounding the entropy of a “restricted” convex hull of a set in a Hilbert space is discussed. The problem is related to bounding the generalization error of convex combinations of base classifiers.