cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prognosis of Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate Treated by Radical Prostatectomy : A Study of 47 Cases

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate is one of the least common variants of prostate cancer. The prognosis of this variant of prostate cancer remains controversial. We present 47 cases (1991 to 2006) of mucinous carcinomas treated by radical prostatectomy. Mean patient age at diagnosis was 56 years (range: 44 to 69 y). The mean preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 9.0 ng/mL (range: 1.9 to 34.3 ng/mL). Clinical stages were T1c (34 cases), T2a (7 cases), and T2b (6 cases). The mean percentage of tumor composed of the mucinous component was 52% (range: 25% to 90%). The mean Gleason score was 7 with scores of 6 in 6 cases (12.8%), 7 in 37 cases (78.7%), and 8 in 4 cases (8.5%). Margins were positive in 4 cases of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Only 2 cases had isolated margin positivity in the nonmucinous acinar component of cancer. In 12 cases (25.5%), mucinous adenocarcinoma had established extraprostatic extension (EEPE). Eight cases (17.0%) had isolated EEPE of nonmucinous cancer. The 1 lymph node metastasis contained nonmucinous cancer. All together, taking into account both the mucinous and nonmucinous tumor, 20/47 cases (42.5%) had EEPE and 6/47 (12.7%) had positive margins. The 1 lymph node metastasis contained nonmucinous cancer. The mean follow-up for those without progression was 5.6 years (median 6 y, range: 1 to 15 y). One patient (2.1%) progressed 3 years after his radical prostatectomy (5 y actuarial progression-free risk 97.2%). Using the Kattan nomogram, the predicted mean 5-year PSA progression-free risk for nonmucinous prostate cancer with the same PSA and postoperative findings as in the current study was 85.4%. This study confirms that mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated by radical prostatectomy is not more aggressive, and possibly even less aggressive than nonmucinous prostatic adenocarcinoma.
Modeling the Ecological Validity of Neurocognitive Assessment in Adults with Acquired Brain Injury

Neuropsychologists are increasingly asked to make judgments regarding treatment options and rehabilitation strategies in addition to evaluating the degree and scope of neuropsychological impairment following acquired brain injuries. The capacity to make informed clinical decisions relies upon research investigating the relationships between neuropsychological and psychosocial status (i.e., ecological validity). Unfortunately, much of this research employs exploratory analyses, an approach that can lead to theoretical ambiguity and ad-hoc interpretations. The current availability and accessibility of analytical tools, like structural equation modeling (SEM), however, permits the testing of specific hypotheses regarding ecological validity and promotes a-priori theory development. In the current study, a theory-driven model of the ecological validity of a neurocognitive assessment was tested against data obtained from individuals with acquired brain injury using SEM. The results provide confirmatory evidence for the ecological validity of neurocognitive constructs and empirical support for a theory-driven analytical approach to ecological validity research.
Cytostatic and cytolytic activities of macrophages regulation by prostaglandins

Abstract Murine peritoneal macrophages (Mφ), activated in vivo or in vitro , remarkably inhibited the uptake of thymidine by a lens epithelial cell line, while resident Mφ, or Mφ induced by thioglycollate, exhibited much lower or no cytostatic capacity. The target cells were partially protected from the cytostatic activity by the anti-inflammatory agents indomethacin, aspirin, and dexamethasone, but not by lipoxygenase inhibitors. The protective activity of indomethacin and aspirin, but not of dexamethasone, was completely counteracted by prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ). Yet, PGE 2 alone has no effect on the uptake of [ 3 H]thymidine by lens epithelial cells. PGE 1 resembled PGE 2 in its effect on this sytem, whereas PGA 2 , PGB 2 , or PGF 2α had no detectable activity. The counteracting effect of PGE 2 was mimicked by dibutyryl cAMP or by cholera toxin, an agent which increases cAMP levels. These findings suggest that PGEs are not direct cytostatic agents, but rather, are essential mediators for the development of the cytostasis. Activated Mφ did not lyse cells of the original lens epithelial cell line, but caused substantial cytolysis of cells of a subline derived from it. In contrast to its aforementioned effect on the cytostasis, PGE 2 inhibited the cytolytic activity of Mφ. Thus, this study provides a first demonstration in a single system of the opposite effects of PGEs on Mφ activity on target cells, i.e., mediating the cytostasis and inhibiting the cytolysis.
Diatomite Modification and its Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions

Diatomite plays a very important role in sewage adsorption and especially has vast prospect in adsorbing heavy metal ions. The paper, on the basis of domestic and overseas literatures concerning diatomite, summarizes the modification methods of diatomite and adsorption research of heavy metal ions. Besides, it also forecasts the prospect of using diatomite to specifically adsorb heavy metal ion.
From a Distance: Robust Reference Service via Instant Messaging

Reference service via instant messaging (IM) has significant potential to benefit distance learners. There has been wide experimentation with IM to expand reference services in libraries across the US, with mixed results. Concern has been expressed that IM cannot provide the same reference experience as face-to-face interactions. One academic library, California State University, San Marcos (CSUSM) has provided local reference service via IM since 2007 and the authors will present evidence that IM can provide distance learners, as well as other library users, with greater access to librarians, while fostering high user satisfaction.
Iodination of arachidonic acid by the iron/H2O2/iodide system

The newly described iron/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)/iodide antimicrobial system iodinates arachidonic acid to form the same products which are generated by peroxidase/H2O2/iodide systems. Arachidonic acid is multiply iodinated with the formation ofbis-iodohydrins and monoiodinated products which were identified as iodolactones by their high performance liquid chromatography elution patterns and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis. Iodination of arachidonic acid by the iron/H2O2/iodide system appears to proceed via the formation of hydroxyl radicals as an intermediate species. Iodination of unsaturated lipids may contribute to the cytotoxicity of the iron/H2O2/iodide system.
A practical method to study functional impairment of proteins by glycation and effects of inhibitors using current coagulation/fibrinolysis reagent kits

Objectives. We undertook the present work to device a simple method to study the effects of inhibitors on functional impairment of proteins by the action of glycating agents. Design and methods. For that purpose, we first tested the feasibility and optimized the conditions to employ glycation of human plasma coupled with AT III and plasminogen activity measurement, using coagulation test kits available in most clinical laboratories. Results. Using D-BUT-CHT-lys-pNA as a plasmin-specific substrate, we show that incubation of plasma with fructose, glyceraldehyde or MG but not glucose decreases plasminogen activity reaching more than 40% in 16 h. A parallel dose-dependent decrease in heparin activation of AT III by up to a 50% was demonstrated using SAR-PRO-ARG-pNA as a specific thrombin substrate. We studied the effects of aminoguanidine, carnosine, quercetin aglycone, alpha tocopherol and ascorbic acid. Conclusion. The methods afforded good discrimination between the known different reactivities of glycating sugars as well as the action of known antiglycation agents. They provide a practical system for monitoring the action of putative antiglycation agents. © 2003 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. All rights reserved.
Revisiting the Price of Residential Land in Jakarta

This paper corroborates the main stylised facts of previous studies regarding the relationship between urban residential land price and distance from the centre of the city: the effect of distance on land values is significant and negative and the influence of distance on the price of land has become less important over time. The analysis, using data from Jakarta, reveals that the use of market prices instead of appraised prices does not have much effect on the estimated land value gradient, although it does have major consequences for the estimated influence of environmental conditions on land price. Apparently, the market values environmental conditions to a significant degree whereas such conditions have no impact on government assessments of land price. The examination demonstrates that the elasticity of land price with respect to parcel size is significantly different from one, contrary to the assumption of the basic model, but that changing the naive model to reflect that fact does not have notable ...
Hydroboration of (1 R )-(+)-α-pinene and (1 S )-(−)-β-pinene with B 10 H 12 (SMe 2 ) 2 : a straightforward approach to the preparation of optically active 6-(alkyl)- nido -B 10 H 13 derivatives

Abstract In separate three-step, one-pot procedures, the known polyhedral boron hydride arachno -6,9-(Me 2 S) 2 B 10 H 12 is combined with α- or β-pinene to produce the optically active boranes (−)-6-(α-pinanyl)–B 10 H 13 ( 1 ) and (−)-6-(β-pinanyl)–B 10 H 13 ( 2 ), respectively, as crystalline solids in good yields.
Differential Effects of Desaspidin on Photosynthetic Phosphorylation

Sensitivity to low concentrations of desaspidin (5 × 10 −7 m) sharply distinguishes the photophosphorylations associated with the photooxidation of water from all other types of photophosphorylation by isolated chloroplasts. Contrary to recent reports in the literature, the effects of desapidin were not altered by changes in the redox conditions as influenced by the concentration of ascorbate and by the presence or absence of oxygen. Desaspidin consistently inhibited all types of cyclic photophosphorylation and the photophosphorylation coupled with the reduction of NADP by ascorbate-dichlorophenol indophenol. The same concentration of desaspidin gave little or no inhibition of photophosphorylation that are coupled with the photooxidation of water.
Addressing spatiotemporal and computational heterogeneity in structured adaptive mesh refinement

Structured adaptive mesh refinement (SAMR) techniques can provide accurate and cost- effective solutions to realistic scientific and engineering simulations modeling complex physical phenomena. However, the adaptive nature and inherent space–time heterogeneity of SAMR applications result in significant runtime management challenges. Moreover, certain SAMR applications involving reactive flows exhibit pointwise varying workloads and cannot be addressed by traditional parallelization approaches, which assume homogeneous loads. This paper presents hierarchical partitioning, bin-packing based load balancing, and Dispatch structured partitioning strategies to manage the spatiotemporal and computational heterogeneity in SAMR applications. Experimental evaluation of these schemes using 3-D Richtmyer–Meshkov compressible turbulence and 2-D reactive-diffusion kernels demonstrates the improvement in overall performance.
Dynamic Area Coverage using Faulty Multi-Agent Swarms

We consider the problem of distributed coverage of an unknown two-dimensional environment using a swarm of mobile mini-robots. In contrast to previous approaches for robotic area coverage, we assume that each robot (agent) in our system is limited in its communication range and memory capacity. Agents are also susceptible to sensor noise while communicating with other agents, and, can be subject to transient or permanent failures. The objective of the agents is to cover the entire environment while reducing the coverage time and the redundancy in the area covered by different agents. First, we describe our distributed coverage algorithm where each agent uses a local heuristic based on Manhattan distances and the information gained from other agents at each step to decide on its next action (movement). We then describe and analyze the fault model of our agents and show that the local heuristic used by the agents deteriorate linearly as the communication noise increases. Finally, we verify the performance of our system empirically within a simulated environment and show that the system is able to scale efficiently in the number of robots and size of the environment, and, determine the effect of communication faults and robot failures on the system performance.
Determining transportation mode on mobile phones

As mobile phones advance in functionality and capability, they are increasingly being used as instruments for personal monitoring. Applications are being developed that take advantage of the sensing capabilities of mobile phones - many have accelerometers, location capabilities, imagers, and microphones - to infer contextual information. We focus on one type of context, the transportation mode of an individual, with the goal of creating a convenient (no requirement to place sensors externally or have specific position/orientation settings) classification system that uses a mobile phone with a GPS receiver and an accelerometer sensor to determine if an individual is stationary, walking, running, biking, or in motorized transport. The target application for this transportation mode inference involves assessing the hazard exposure and environmental impact of an individual's travel patterns. Our prototype classification system consisting of a decision tree followed by a first-order hidden Markov model achieves the application requirement of having accuracy level greater than 90% when testing with our dataset consisting of twenty hours of data collected across six individuals.
AML in older patients: Are we making progress?

Older patients are generally, and arbitrarily, defined as those aged 60 and above. It is important to recognise that the effect of age is modulated by numerous other prognostic factors such as performance status, presence of various co-morbidities, and most importantly, cytogenetics. It is generally acknowledged that survival has not improved in a medically significant fashion for older patients. Nonetheless, there has been some progress. Specific improvements include the availability of new therapies, including reduced intensity allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant; the subdivision of the resistant response category into subcategories, such as complete response with incomplete platelet recovery (CRp); the introduction of selection designs prior to initiating large phase 3 trials; the departure from the view that all older patients are the same and are, for example, necessarily candidates for trials of new drugs; increased awareness of the effect of selection bias; and increased questioning of certain practices, such as the imposition of a neutropenic diet, and recommendations to wear masks or avoid crowds.
Crestal bone-level changes around implants placed in post-extraction sockets augmented with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft: a retrospective radiographic study.

Background: There is limited information regarding marginal crestal bone–level changes around implants placed in post-extraction sockets augmented with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA). The aim of this study was to retrospectively compare bone-level changes around implants placed in post-extraction sockets augmented with DFDBA to implants placed in native bone.Methods: Records of 30 consecutive patients treated with dental implants placed in post-extraction sockets augmented with DFDBA and 30 consecutive patients with implants placed in native bone were reviewed. For each implant, the radiographs from the surgical appointment were compared to those from the last follow-up visit and evaluated regarding changes of marginal bone level over time.Results: The overall survival rate from baseline to the last follow-up visit was 100% for both groups. The mean marginal bone loss was 0.15 mm for both groups for a mean follow-up time of 12 months. There were no significant differences regarding the ...
Secondary xylem-specific expression of caffeoyl-coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferase plays an important role in the methylation pathway associated with lignin biosynthesis in loblolly pine.

Two types of structurally distinct O-methyltransferases mediate the methylation of hydroxylated monomeric lignin precursors in angiosperms. Caffeate 3-O-methyltransferase (COMT; EC 2.1.1.68) methylates the free acids and caffeoyl CoA 3-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT; EC 2.1.1.104) methylates coenzyme A esters. Recently, we reported a novel hydroxycinnamic acid/hydroxycinnamoyl CoA ester O-methyltransferase (AEOMT) from loblolly pine differentiating xylem that was capable of methylating both acid and ester precursors with similar efficiency. In order to determine the possible existence and role of CCoAOMT in lignin biosynthesis in gymnosperms, a 1.3 kb CCoAOMT cDNA was isolated from loblolly pine that showed 79–82% amino acid sequence identity with many angiosperm CCoAOMTs. The recombinant CCoAOMT expressed in Escherichia coli exhibited a significant methylating activity with hydroxycinnamoyl CoA esters whereas activity with hydroxycinnamic acids was insignificant. Moreover, 3.2 times higher catalytic efficiency for methylating caffeoyl CoA over 5-hydroxyferuloyl CoA was observed which could serve as a driving force towards synthesis of guaiacyl lignin. The secondary xylem-specific expression of CCoAOMT was demonstrated using RNA blot analysis, western blot analysis, and O-methyltransferase enzyme assays. In addition, Southern blot analysis indicated that CCoAOMT may exist as a single-copy gene in loblolly pine genome. The transgenic tobacco plants carrying loblolly pine CCoAOMT promoter-GUS fusion localized the site of GUS activity at the secondary xylem tissues. These data suggest that CCoAOMT, in addition to AEOMT, plays an important role in the methylation pathway associated with lignin biosynthesis in loblolly pine.
Stewardship Versus Citizenship

Although “stewardship” may be an environmentally useful term in some contexts, it is also limiting in many ways because it is tied narrowly to three religious traditions, Judaism, Islam, and Christianity. Thus, while it may be extremely helpful in reaching people who are members of one of these three traditions, people who are not followers of these religions may have difficulty with environmental material that is presented to them under the banner of stewardship. They may feel that the message they are receiving is colonizing, imperialistic, and/or totalizing. An alternative term that is religiously neutral is “environmental citizenship,” a term first used extensively by Environment Canada, but also used to some degree elsewhere, including the United Nations. It is possible that in some countries both stewardship and citizenship could be pursued in parallel. However, because of the Culture War, which began in the first decade of the nineteenth century, when Catholics first began coming to the United States in large numbers and were displeased with the Protestant religion and ethics they found in the public schools, ethics was largely removed from them by 1860. Since then watch groups in most major religions have formed to watch the public schools to prevent its reintroduction. Given that stewardship is a recognizable religious term, a program of Earth or environmental stewardship is more likely to be opposed than a program on Earth or environmental citizenship. Thus, it might be best to focus on citizenship in the public schools and stewardship among Judeo-Christian-Islamic religious audiences.
Mu control of aircraft in windshear

Using H-Infinity/ mu control analysis and synthesis methods, a first-order controller is derived for aircraft flight through moderate to severe windshear. It satisfies robust performance as well as robust stability requirements for a constructed linearized uncertain system containing two repeated scalar uncertainties due to changes in dynamic pressure and angle of attack. Results of applying the derived mu controllers are given for the severe windshear models in W.J. Grantham (1990) and Y. Zhao and A.E. Bryson, Jr. (1990). The input to the controller is the tracking error between a commanded windshear-free nominal airspeed value and the actual windshear-free airspeed during flight through windshear. Controlling this error leads to robust performance against moderate to severe windshear. The results illustrate the significance of keeping the windshear-free airspeed near its nominal windshear-free value. Decreasing it before controlling the aircraft against windshear leads to unnecessary loss in altitude as flight progresses through windshear. >
Does Capital Punishment Deter Homicide?: A Case Study Of Epistemological Objectivity

This paper uses the debate about whether capital punishment deters homicide as a case study for examining the claim, made by many feminists and others, that the traditional ideal of objectivity in seeking knowledge is misguided. According to this ideal, knowledge seekers should strive to gather and assess evidence independently of any influences exerted by either their individual and societal circumstances or their moral values. This paper argues that, although the traditional ideal rests on some valid precepts, it is neverthelesss untenable. the author goes on to propose an alternative epistemological ideal – one that retains these valid precepts but also recognizes an important and legitimate role for people's circumstances and moral values in their efforts to find knowledge.
"I think it, therefore it's true": Effects of self-perceived objectivity on hiring discrimination.

A sense of personal objectivity may prompt an ‘‘I think it, therefore it’s true’’ mindset, in which people assume that their own beliefs and introspections are, by definition, valid and therefore worthy of being acted on. In the present studies, priming a sense of personal objectivity increased gender discrimination, particularly among decision-makers who endorsed stereotypic beliefs or who had stereotypic thoughts made cognitively accessible through implicit priming. Implications for discrimination in organizational contexts, and for theories of attitude–behavior consistency, are discussed.
New Undecidability Results for Properties of Term Rewrite Systems

This paper is on several basic properties of term rewrite systems: reachability, joinability, uniqueness of normal forms, unique normalization, confluence, and existence of normal forms, for subclasses of rewrite systems defined by syntactic restrictions on variables. All these properties are known to be undecidable for the general class and decidable for ground (variable-free) systems. Recently, there has been impressive progress on efficient algorithms or decidability results for many of these properties. The aim of this paper is to present new results and organize existing ones to clarify further the boundary between decidability and undecidability for these properties. Another goal is to spur research towards a complete classification of these properties for subclasses defined by syntactic restrictions on variables. The proofs of the presented results may be intrinsically interesting as well due to their economy, which is partly based on improved reductions between some of the properties.
A Physically-Based Preconditioner for Quasi-Planar Scattering Problems

A physically-based preconditioner for iterative method of moments solutions of quasi-planar penetrable surface scattering is presented. The required preconditioner inverse operation is computed in order operations by first representing the right-hand side vector to be multiplied by the preconditioner inverse in terms of its planewave spectrum. Individual planewave amplitudes are then combined with appropriate Fresnel reflection coefficients to generate the solution for induced currents, and transformed back to the spatial domain. The proposed technique is applied in simulations of scattering from rough surfaces, and the number of iterations required to obtain a convergent solution is compared to that achieved by a banded-matrix preconditioning method. The results show that the physically-based preconditioner produces rapid convergence for surfaces with moderate heights and slopes.
Three-dimensional shape reconstruction for modeling experimental spatial dynamic response

shape reconstruction for modeling experimental spatial dynamic response David H. Coe Robert L. West Graduate Research Assistant Assistant Professor Mechanical Engineering Department Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0238 USA ABSTRACT The conventional practice
Differential modulation of diet-induced obesity and adipocyte functionality by human apolipoprotein E3 and E4 in mice.

Apolipoprotein E (apoE), a key protein in lipid metabolism, is highly expressed in adipose tissues. Studies have shown that human APOE*4 is associated with a lower body mass index but with a greater risk of coronary heart disease compared with other APOE alleles. To define the isoform-specific role of apoE in regulating the expandability and functionality of adipose tissues, we investigated the effects of diet-induced obesity in mice whose endogenous Apoe gene has been replaced by either the human APOE*3 or APOE*4 allele. After 8 weeks on a Western-type high-fat diet, male APOE4 mice displayed impaired tolerance to glucose and fat overload compared with APOE3 mice. Subcutaneous fat tissues in APOE4 and APOE3 mice after high fat feeding were not different. In contrast, although epididymal fat tissues in APOE4 mice gained 30% less weight during the high fat feeding than in APOE3 mice, they showed impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake ex vivo. Epididymal APOE4 adipocytes were larger in size than APOE3 adipocytes, and expressed reduced levels of mRNA for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 and adiponectin, important markers of adipocyte functionality. Adenoviral expression of apoE3 in apoE-null culture adipocytes induced adiponectin mRNA in a dose-dependent manner, but the induction was significantly blunted in cells overexpressing apoE4. However, in contrast to the apoE3-expressing cells, Glut1, but not Glut4, expression levels were positively correlated with increased apoE4 mRNA, suggesting that apoE4 expression in adipocyte interferes in insulin-sensing pathways. Dysfunctional epididymal adipose tissues contribute to the accelerated impairment of glucose tolerance in APOE4 mice fed a Western-type diet. Our results underscore the importance of functionality of individual fat depots rather than total fat mass as a determinant for metabolic disturbance during diet-induced obesity.
Content-based multiple access: combining source and multiple access coding for sensor networks

In this work, we explore the concept of group testing to efficiently acquire data from a distributed sensor field and to reconstruct the sensor field at a central station. We show that group testing techniques are not only an efficient tool to schedule multiple access transmissions, they are also transmission techniques that allow the central node to rapidly discriminate the information from the sensor field when a large number of sources generates data with low aggregate entropy. Our method enables the sensors to reconstruct a map of the entire sensor field with bandwidth requirements that depend on the precision of the reconstructed field and, thus, do not grow linearly with the increased number of nodes when the network density increases.
Nodal-price dependent, dual-mode transmission line protection strategy

It is argued that the Independent System Operator (ISO) should be able to adjust the security and dependability of the power protection system in response to system and market conditions. However the existing protection philosophy's multiple, overlapping schemes tend to favor individual elements over the security of the wide-area. We revisit the rare-probability, hidden failures embedded within the individual relays but this time include the failure to trip when a fault needs to be cleared along with the unnecessary tripping of a transmission line. We devise a relaying concept to reduce the probability of cascading outages by decreasing incorrect relay operations through a dual-mode or the security-dependability mode (S-D Mode) scheme. It is our contention that during periods of high nodal prices which may even predict a cascading event, we can reduce the probability of a blackout by changing to a secure mode over the dependable region of operation.
Secondhand Smoke (SHS) Deserves More Than Secondhand Attention: Modifying the 5As Model to Include Counseling to Eliminate Exposure

Most Americans smoke or are exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) on a daily basis. Current tobacco treatment guidelines recommend the use of the 5As model to screen and treat primary tobacco users. Evidence supports that SHS is harmful, that the diseases caused by SHS are preventable, and that public health policies and individual counseling are effective in reducing exposure. Further, smoke-free environments are associated with increased cessation in primary smokers. When patients screen positive for SHS, they should be counseled to avoid it by negotiating smoke-free homes and cars, particularly if they have cardiovascular disease or if they have children. Thus, all patients should be screened for primary tobacco use and for exposure to SHS via a suggested modification of the 5As.
The Applicability of a Mixed–Layer Model of the Planetary Boundary Layer to Real-Data Forecasting

Abstract The mesoscale numerical model of the planetary boundary layer (PBL), which Lavoie applied to lake-effect snowstorm and to airflow over the Hawaiian Islands, is modified and utilized to assess the feasibility of producing short-range real-data forecasts of low-level flow patterns. The dry model atmosphere comprises three layers. A parameterized surface layer of fixed depth (50 m) follows the variable terrain and allows vertical fluxes of heat and momentum to affect the flow in the overlying PBL or “mixed layer.” The horizontal wind velocity and potential temperature, both prognostic variables, are assumed to be independent of height in the mixed layer. The height of the top of the mixed layer is an additional prognostic variable. A parameterized stable layer, characterized by a vertically constant potential temperature lapse rate, overlies the mixed layer. Synoptic-scale patterns of pressure and potential temperature are specified at the top of this uppermost layer as upper boundary conditions. En...
Differential expression and function of cadherin-6 during renal epithelium development

The cadherin gene family encodes calcium-dependent adhesion molecules that promote homophilic interactions among cells. During embryogenesis, differential expression of cadherins can drive morphogenesis by stimulating cell aggregation, defining boundaries between groups of cells and promoting cell migration. In this report, the expression patterns of cadherins were examined by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization in the embryonic kidney, during the time when mesenchymal cells are phenotypically converted to epithelium and the pattern of the developing nephrons is established. At the time of mesenchymal induction, cadherin-11 is expressed in the mesenchyme but not in the ureteric bud epithelium, which expresses E-cadherin. The newly formed epithelium of the renal vesicle expresses E-cadherin near the ureteric bud tips and cadherin-6 more distally, suggesting that this primitive epithelium is already patterned with respect to progenitor cell types. In the s-shaped body, the cadherin expression patterns reflect the developmental fate of each region. The proximal tubule progenitors express cadherin-6, the distal tubule cells express E-cadherin, whereas the glomeruli express P-cadherin. Ultimately, cadherin-6 is down-regulated whereas E-cadherin expression remains in most, if not all, of the tubular epithelium. Antibodies generated against the extracellular domain of cadherin-6 inhibit aggregation of induced mesenchyme and the formation of mesenchyme-derived epithelium but do not disrupt ureteric bud branching in vitro. These data suggest that cadherin-6 function is required for the early aggregation of induced mesenchymal cells and their subsequent conversion to epithelium.
Romerolagus diazi (Volcano rabbit)

These karyotypes are gifts of Dr. Manuel Uribe Alcocer. The specimens were collected in Mexico.
Functional connectivity MR imaging: fact or artifact?

When the topic of functional MR (fMR) imaging comes up, most of us probably picture a subject performing a task (ie, finger tapping) within a magnet, while rapid imaging is being performed. Typically, the task has a baseline built into it, and some statistical test is performed on the data relative
Velvet glove, iron fist, or even hand? protest policing in the united states, 1960-1990

Most scholars of social movements agree that since the 1960s protest policing in the United States has decreased in severity. Yet this characterization runs counter to sociolegal arguments that virtually all forms of state social control have become more forceful. We maintain that both of these arguments obfuscate what is really of essence to policing of protest: the character of the protest event and the level of threat posed to police. We examine U.S. protest policing over the 1960-1990 period and show that while it is generally true that aggressive policing is less likely following the 1960s, threatening protests are always policed aggressively, regardless of the period. The findings suggest that general claims about the increasing or decreasing severity of policing over time are less useful than are arguments about the character of the protest event and the level of threat posed to police officers.
Coherent pd interactions and related dissociations reaction aat 7.0 GeV/c

Abstract In a 3.5 event/ub exposure of the BNL 80″ bubble chamber we have observed the following reactions: p d → p d φ + φ − , p d → p pn φ + φ − , p d → p d φ + φ − φ 0 . The incident p momentum was 7.0 GeV/c. We give cross sections for the reactions, as well as for other reactions involving production of Λ We give detailed descriptions of the coherent final states (1) and (3). It is observed that reactions (1)-(3) are dominated by production of Δ −− (1236) . We apply a Deck model, both in Reggeized and non-Reggeized form, to the reaction p d → Δ −− π + d and obtain satisfactory fits to the distributions of all kinematic variables. In particular, the π+d mass spectrum, which shows a prominent peak (the “d∗”) at a mass M(πd) ≈ 2170 MeV, is well reproduced by the predictions of the model without introducing a resonant interpretation for this effect. Modified versions of this model are applied to the reactions p d → Δ −− π + pn , and p d → Δ −− π O π + d , which occur as sub-samples of the final states (2) and (3) respectively. Here also, prominent peaks are observed in the π+pn mass spectrum (in the former reaction) and in the π+d and πOd mass spectrum (in the latter reaction). Again the predictions of the model agree well with the observed distributions of all the kinematic variables.
Fluorescence modeling for optimized-binary compressive detection Raman spectroscopy

The recently-developed optimized binary compressive detection (OB-CD) strategy has been shown to be capable of using Raman spectral signatures to rapidly classify and quantify liquid samples and to image solid samples. Here we demonstrate that OB-CD can also be used to quantitatively separate Raman and fluorescence features, and thus facilitate Raman-based chemical analyses in the presence of fluorescence background. More specifically, we describe a general strategy for fitting and suppressing fluorescence background using OB-CD filters trained on third-degree Bernstein polynomials. We present results that demonstrate the utility of this strategy by comparing classification and quantitation results obtained from liquids and powdered mixtures, both with and without fluorescence. Our results demonstrate high-speed Raman-based quantitation in the presence of moderate fluorescence. Moreover, we show that this OB-CD based method is effective in suppressing fluorescence of variable shape, as well as fluorescence that changes during the measurement process, as a result of photobleaching.
Developing and Assessing the Effectiveness of an HIV Sexual History and Risk Assessment Workshop for Medical Professionals

We performed a randomized prospective study to develop and test the effectiveness of an experiential HIV and sexual history taking workshop for third year medical students. Students were randomized...
Spina bifida, the increasing challenge.

Grâce a de nouvelles techniques chirurgicales, le taux de mortalite des enfants Spina Bifida est maintenant de 45%. Du a l'amelioration dans l'administration des soins, nous augmentons ainsi la longevite de vie; ceci cree de nouveaux besoins.Il semble alors que l'ergotherapeute s'interessera davantage aux processus secondaires de la maladie:Role de l'Ergotherapeute dans l'administration de l'enfant Spina Bifida.Un defi important est provoque chez l'enfant lorsqu'il arrive tardivement au stage ambulatoire. Cette periode sera donc longue et difficile et l'ergotherapeute pourra intervenir dans les aspects suivants:Si la societe partage les depenses couteuses d'une rehabilitation, elle doit non seulement vouloir lui donner du travail mais aussi pourvoir aux besoins de l'handicape afin qu'il puisse vivre et circuler dans sa propre ville.Le danger de rejet par la mere.Les problemes chirurgicaux et l'hospitalisation trop tot chez l'enfant.Paraplegie congenitale.Apres une evaluation complete de l'enfant par l'equ...
Sensitivity of Continuous-Wave NIRS and Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy to Cerebral Hemodynamics during Hypercapnia

Continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy (CW-NIRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) are two diffuse optics modalities for functional brain imaging. For both technologies, the measurements of cerebral hemodynamic processes are impeded by extracerebral contamination. Here, we quantify the sensitivity of each modality to brain hemodynamics, through Monte Carlo simulations and in vivo recordings in adults during hypercapnia. We show that, due to a different physiological contrast and to a different contrast mechanism, DCS is more sensitive to brain hemodynamics, and presents less contamination by extracerebral vasculature.
Transport and thermodynamic studies of Y1−xTbxBa2Cu3O7 single crystals

The electrical resistivity ρ(T,x) and magnetic susceptibility χ(T,H), and specific heat C(T,x) have been measured on single crystals of Y1−x TbxBa2Cu3O7. The results strongly suggest the appearance of strong 4f electron hybridization. It becomes apparent that the Tb doped system possesses properties that largely deviate from the well-known behavior of the other high Tc and doped high Tc systems.
A CASE REPORT OF PRIMARY ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE ILEUM CAUSING PERFORATIVE PERITONITIS

A case of primary cancer of the ileum causing perforative peritonitis is described. A 72-year-old woman complaining of lasting abdominal pain for a year had occult blood of stool and anemia. The patient was suspected of having a tumor of the uterus because a tumor mass was displayed in the oral and back side of the urinary bladder by the echo tomography on June 22, 1990. On July 1, 1990 emergency lapalotomy was performed because of panperitonitis due to perforation of the tumor. The tumor in the ileum was located at 6 cm oral from the ileocecal valve, protruded into the mesenteric side, and adhered to the urinary bladder, rectum, and right ovary and uterine tube. The ileocecal region was resected with the right ovary and uterine tube. In the gross appearance, the tumor was a circumferential, ulcerating and circumscribed lesion without stenosis. The ulcer bottom of the tumor expanded (aneurysm-formed) and perforated. Pathologically the tumor was well differentiated adenocarcinoma with mucin (s3 (right ovary and uterine tube), n0, P0, H0).
Euoniticellus intermedius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): Description of Adults and Immatures and Biology of Adults

The larva and pupa of Euoniticellus intermedius (Reiche) are described and illustrated. Nesting behavior conforms to Halffter and Edmonds (1982, Publ. 10, Instituto de Ecologia, Mexico, D.F.) Pattern I; an egg is laid in a brood mass constructed at the end of a burrow. The egg chamber is much larger than that described for other species and is located centrally in the mass. Temperature is demonstrated to have a direct impact on longevity and fecundity of adults and upon developmental time of immatures.
MNase titration reveals differences between nucleosome occupancy and chromatin accessibility

Chromatin accessibility plays a fundamental role in gene regulation. Nucleosome placement, usually measured by quantifying protection of DNA from enzymatic digestion, can regulate accessibility. We introduce a metric that uses micrococcal nuclease (MNase) digestion in a novel manner to measure chromatin accessibility by combining information from several digests of increasing depths. This metric, MACC (MNase accessibility), quantifies the inherent heterogeneity of nucleosome accessibility in which some nucleosomes are seen preferentially at high MNase and some at low MNase. MACC interrogates each genomic locus, measuring both nucleosome location and accessibility in the same assay. MACC can be performed either with or without a histone immunoprecipitation step, and thereby compares histone and non-histone protection. We find that changes in accessibility at enhancers, promoters and other regulatory regions do not correlate with changes in nucleosome occupancy. Moreover, high nucleosome occupancy does not necessarily preclude high accessibility, which reveals novel principles of chromatin regulation.
A Thermal Neutron Coincidence Counting System

Thermal neutron coincidence counters are used to measure plutonium-bearing materials in-line at the Plutonium Processing Facility at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. Complicated operating proc...
A population based analysis of the implementation of pediatric facemasks in girls youth lacrosse.

Abstract Objective To determine the incidence, relative risk reduction, odds ratio and absolute risk reduction of head and ear injuries associated with the implementation of pediatric facial eye guards in lacrosse events. Study design Cross Sectional Review of a National Database. Study location National Emergency Injury Survelliance System. Methods Our group retrospectively reviewed a nationwide sampling estimate of 809 patients who presented to emergency rooms with head and ear injuries during lacrosse events. The database was queried for lacerations, fractures, hemorrhages, abrasions and punctures associated with the face and ear. Incidence, relative risk, odds ratio and absolute risk reductions were calculated both five years before and five years after the introduction of the facial mask guard in 2006 to determine benefit. Results Of the 809 women's lacrosse injuries, 199 were localized to the facial region and 56 to the ear. After the implementation of the facial mask mandate, there was a significant decrease in the total incidence and relative risk of facial lacerations (P = 0.01, RR = 0.08 vs 0.01) and facial abrasions (P = 0.02, RR = 0.28 vs 0.12) respectively. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in the odds of obtaining a facial laceration (OR: 0.16 95% CI:0.07–0.37), facial fractures (OR: 0.01, 95% CI:0.03–0.35) and abrasion (OR: 0.11, 95% CI:0.08–0.18) with facemask use. Unfortunately, there was no difference in total incidence, relative risk or odds of obtaining ear injury. Conclusion It appears that the implementation of the mandate for female athletes to utilize the facemask starting in 2006 has provided a reduction in specific facial injuries. Further discussion should be continued in order to reduce further risk to the remaining head and neck region including the ears and neck with additional protective equipment.
Timing of Decompressive Hemicraniectomy for Stroke: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Analysis.

Background and Purpose— Previous clinical trials were not designed to discern the optimal timing of decompressive craniectomy for stroke, and the ideal surgical timing in patients with space-occupying infarction who do not exhibit deterioration within 48 hours is debated. Methods— Patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy for stroke were extracted from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2002–2011). Multivariable logistic regression evaluated the association of surgical timing with mortality, discharge to institutional care, and poor outcome (a composite end point including death, tracheostomy and gastrostomy, or discharge to institutional care). Covariates included patient demographics, comorbidities, year of admission, and hospital characteristics. However, standard stroke severity scales and infarct volume were not available. Results— Among 1301 admissions, 55.8% (n=726) underwent surgery within 48 hours. Teaching hospital admission was associated with earlier surgery ( P =0.02). The timing of intervention was not associated with in-hospital mortality. However, when evaluated continuously, later surgery was associated with increased odds of discharge to institutional care (odds ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.31, P =0.005) and of a poor outcome (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.23; P =0.02). When evaluated dichotomously, the odds of discharge to institutional care and of a poor outcome did not differ at 48 hours after hospital admission, but increased when surgery was pursued after 72 hours. Subgroup analyses found no association of surgical timing with outcomes among patients who had not sustained herniation. Conclusions— In this nationwide analysis, early decompressive craniectomy was associated with superior outcomes. However, performing decompression before herniation may be the most important temporal consideration.
Applications II: Topological Invariants

This Chapter reports computer assisted calculations of the topological invariants for strongly disordered models of topological insulators from class A and AIII in the classification Table 1.1. The computations are based on the canonical finite-volume algorithm presented in Chap. 5. The expressions of the topological invariants involve functional calculus with discontinuous step-wise functions, hence their numerical simulations are covered by the analysis in Chap. 8, provided the discontinuities occur inside the Anderson localized spectrum. The performance and the accuracy of the algorithms will be quantified and analyzed in various ways.