cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social distancing and testing as optimal strategies against the spread of COVID-19 in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas

At the beginning of August 2020, the Rio Grande Valley (RGV) of Texas experienced a rapid increase of coronavirus disease 2019 (abbreviated as COVID-19) cases and deaths. This study aims to determine the optimal levels of effective social distancing and testing to slow the virus spread at the outset of the pandemic. We use an age-stratified eight compartment epidemiological model to depict COVID-19 transmission in the community and within households. With a simulated 120-day outbreak period data we obtain a post 180-days period optimal control strategy solution. Our results show that easing social distancing between adults by the end of the 180-day period requires very strict testing a month later and then daily testing rates of 5% followed by isolation of positive cases. Relaxing social distancing rates in adults from 50% to 25% requires both children and seniors to maintain social distancing rates of 50% for nearly the entire period while maintaining maximum testing rates of children and seniors for 150 of the 180 days considered in this model. Children have higher contact rates which leads to transmission based on our model, emphasizing the need for caution when considering school reopenings.
Emergency Intravascular Aortic and Iliac Artery Lithotripsy to Facilitate Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair of a Ruptured Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: A Case Report

Author(s): Callese, Tyler; Padgett, Max; Kwon, Murray; Moriarty, John M | Abstract: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is the preferred treatment for ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysms. Poor access vessels are a relative contraindication to TEVAR. Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) has recently been shown to be effective in treating calcified and stenotic vessels. Prior to the introduction of IVL, plaque modification techniques to increase vessel compliance and luminal diameter were limited to technically complex and risky surgical and interventional radiologic procedures. We present a case demonstrating the use of IVL in the emergency setting to treat severe atherosclerotic stenoses in the abdominal aorta and the iliac artery to facilitate TEVAR of a ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm.
A double precision floating point multiply

A 2.2GHz 53/spl times/54 bit pipelined multiplier is fabricated in 130nm CMOS technology with an area of 0.15mm/sup 2/. The circuit implementation results in a 50% size reduction over the previously reported values. The circuit operates at 2.2GHz and uses 522mW at 80% switching factor, 1.2V supply and 25/spl deg/C.
Acute symptomatic cerebellar tonsillar herniation following intraoperative lumbar drainage: Case report

Complications of tonsillar herniation associated with lumbar drainage have been reported in the literature. However, acutely symptomatic tonsillar herniation after intraoperative lumbar drainage is rare. The following case illustrates the risk associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage in the setting of tonsillar herniation. The use of lumbar drainage during cranial surgery is a common practice for reducing intracranial pressure and enhancing exposure, but is not without complications. In addition to the complications of the insertion procedure itself, the change in pressure gradient between the intracranial and the suboccipital compartments is of key importance. The authors present the case of a patient who underwent a subtemporal craniotomy for resection of mesial temporal cavernous malformation with intraoperative lumbar drainage. The patient had a preexisting, asymptomatic 4-mm Chiari malformation and progressive neurological deficits resulting from further cerebellar tonsillar herniation in the early postoperative period developed, which required a lumbar blood patch, decompressive suboccipital craniectomy, and C-1 laminectomy with duroplasty. After placement of the lumbar drain and subsequent CSF drainage, the change in CSF pressure gradient above and below the foramen magnum probably led to the herniation. Unfortunately, the patient has lasting neuropathic pain and cervical cord signal changes on MR images.
Critical review of resident assessment protocols

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the quality of all 18 federally mandated Resident Assessment Protocols (RAPs) by measuring their adherence to established criteria for clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). DESIGN: Analytical evaluation. SETTING: United States nursing homes. PARTICIPANTS: Eighteen federally mandated RAPs. MEASUREMENTS: Each RAP was evaluated using review criteria based on the 1992 Institute of Medicine criteria for measuring the quality of clinical practice guidelines. Criteria included measurements of RAP validity, reliability/reproducibility, clinical applicability, clinical flexibility, clarity/format, scheduled review, expertise needed to complete, multidisciplinary process, and resources needed to complete. Two reviewers, each a geriatrician with expertise in nursing home medicine, evaluated each RAP on the degree of compliance with each criterion using a 2-point scale for each criterion. RESULTS: Overall, no individual RAP met all of the review criteria. The Urinary Incontinence RAP best approximated all the review criteria. The Pressure Ulcer RAP received the lowest score. Notable deficiencies in most of the RAPs included poor validity, documentation, reliability, clinical flexibility, and clinical applicability. CONCLUSION: The RAPs synthesize large amounts of information into key points and recommendations. Nevertheless, RAPs perform poorly when held to formal standards expected for CPGs. Based on these findings, the authors and a technical expert panel convened by the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality generated recommendations that might improve the use and quality of future RAPs.
Chapter 10 Quantitative analysis of the sleep electroencephalogram

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the quantitative analysis of the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG). The standard clinical EEG represents a visual description of brain electrical activity obtained through arrays of electrodes placed across the scalp. Providing excellent temporal resolution for assessing such activity on the order of time frames of neuronal events (e.g., milliseconds), the EEG can rapidly detect acute changes in brain function (such as those which occur at sleep onset and during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep) as well as examine the temporal sequencing of brain processes during brain activation. Recorded electrical activity results from the extracellular flow of current associated with summated excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Although much of the amplitude of brain electrical activity derives from cortical neurons underlying the scalp electrodes, subcortical sites modulate the synchrony of the recorded activity. Specifically, pacemakers in the thalamocortical neuronal circuitry produce rhythmic synchronous activity, which is reduced by arousal and increased with reduced vigilance.
Seismic rating of existing buildings

As part of the US‐Japan co‐operative research programme, this report presented at the 1985 UJNR Panel Conference reviews two workshops, the first held at Tsukuba in 1983 and the second at Berkeley, California in 1984. The highlights of those workshops are discussed here, and some conclusions drawn.
Phenothiazines: metabolism and analytical detection.

In the early 1950's chlorpromazine (Thorazine), the first phenothiazine drug for clinical use in man, was synthesized in France, was introduced in Europe and Canada without delay, and has been used on a large scale in this country since 1954. Since its introduction chlorpromazine (CP) has been administered to about 100 million people all over the world, and, therefore, metabolic and toxicologic studies have been conducted in many laboratories. There are more than 10,000 papers on record dealing with clinical, pharmacological and biochemical aspects of its use.
A Typeful and Tagless Representation for XML Documents

When constructing programs to process XML documents, we immediately face the question as to how XML documents should be represented internally in the programming language we use. Currently, most representations for XML documents are typeless in the sense that the type information of an XML document cannot be reflected in the type of the representation of the document (if the representation is assumed to be typed). Though convenient to construct, a typeless representation for XML documents often makes use of a large number of representation tags, which not only require some significant amount of space to store but may also incur numerous run-time tag checks when the represented documents are processed. Moreover, with a typeless representation for XML documents, it becomes difficult or even impossible to statically capture program invariants that are related to the type information of XML documents. Building upon our recent work on guarded recursive datatypes, we present an approach to representing XML documents in this paper that not only allows the type information of an XML document to be reflected in the type of the representation of the document but also significantly reduces the need for representation tags that are required in typeless representations. With this approach, we become able to process XML documents in a typeful manner, thus reaping various well-known software engineering benefits from the presence of types.
Modeling uncertainties affecting power system dynamics

The authors address the development of specific stochastic models that reflect inherent fluctuations of power system parameters and characteristics. These models vary from slow continuous models represented by narrowband colored noise to fast discrete models represented by Markov jump noises. The models cover certain fluctuations, such as those due to the effect of random customer switching and ambient weather conditions. An example of a discrete stochastic model is presented to reflect other switching events, such as those due to transformer tap changers. >
Pathologic Grief: Maladaptation to Loss

Drawing from both research and clinical experience, this book is designed for clinicians treating patients whose grief reactions fall outside what is considered the normal range. It examines the occasions in which losses lead to psychiatric complications calling for professional intervention.
La diaphyse fémorale AL 333-61 : preuve d'une bipédie comme unique mode locomoteur il y a 3,2 Ma en Ethiopie ?

Les precedentes descriptions de la diaphyse AL 333-61, mise au jour a Hadar (Ethiopie), attribuee a l’espece Australopithecus afarensis et datee de 3,2 Ma, ont ete particulierement discretes et peu instructives en termes biomecaniques notamment par l’absence d’etude des proprietes mecaniques internes de l’os. Les nouvelles analyses, exhaustives, mettent en avant une morphologie similaire aux Homo. AL 333-61 presente en particulier une vraie linea aspera et un indice pilastrique eleve en reference aux formes anciennes du genre Homo. De plus, les proprietes de section soulignent l’hypertrophie diaphysaire femorale de AL 333-61, meme si les donnees n’ont pu etre mise a l’echelle qu’en fonction de la longueur sans prendre en compte la masse comme il est fait habituellement. AL 333-61 est singulier par sa ressemblance avec les Hommes du debut du Pleistocene et du Pleistocene moyen pour certains caracteres alors que, par d’autres, ils s’assimilent davantage aux Neandertaliens et aux Hommes modernes du Paleolithique moyen. Biomecaniquement, il montre le meme niveau de charge habituel que celui observe au sein du genre Homo. Bien que la meconnaissance des proportions corporelles limite les inferences fonctionnelles, l’une des hypotheses retenue envisage l’existence d’une bipedie permanente chez AL 333-61 etant donne ses caracteristiques interne et externe et les liens qui les unissent au deplacement locomoteur. Toutefois, deux autres hypotheses sont envisageables. Des proportions corporelles particulieres chez cet individu et/ou une activite inhabituelle pour ce type de population, pour des raisons environnementales, pourraient etre la cause d’une morphologie de type Homo chez un individu initialement adapte a la bipedie et a l’arboricolisme. Cependant, en raison de l’absence d’autres etudes biomecaniques exhaustives sur les rares diaphyses du Pliocene, il n’est pas possible de privilegier l’une de ces trois hypotheses.
Quark-vacuum scattering

It has been suggested that there are two phases of the quantum-chromodynamic vacuum: the perturbative vacuum and the complex true vacuum. In this framework, I demonstrate a new mechanism for particle production in deep-inelastic reactions: excitation of pions by the phase change of the vacuum induced by separating quark color charges. This process, quark-vacuum scattering, is discussed in general, and a simple model is examined in detail.
Relationship between backtest and coping styles in pigs

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine relationships between behaviors in three different standard tests of temperament in pigs, Sus scrofa. For the backtest, pigs (n = 575) were placed in the supine position for 60 s. Each pig was tested twice. Amount of time struggling and number of struggle attempts during each test was recorded and combined to give total time struggling and total struggle attempts. Increased total time struggling was weakly associated with low preweaning average daily gain (r = −0.24; P 0.1). Pigs grouped based on total time struggling did not differ consistently during resident intruder test or novel object test trials. In conclusion, results of the present study do not support the theory that backtest performance is indicative of behavior in a test of aggression (resident intruder test) or a test of fear/curiosity in response to novelty (novel object test).
Time course of efferent fiber and spiral ganglion cell degeneration following complete hair cell loss in the chinchilla

Abstract Ethacrynic acid (EA) is known to interact with aminoglycoside antibiotics such as gentamicin (GM). In the chinchilla, co-administration of GM and EA can produce hair cell lesions ranging from a small loss of outer hair cells (OHCs) in the base of the cochlea to complete destruction of all hair cells, depending on dosing parameters. Although hair cell loss has been characterized, little is known about the fate of efferent fibers or spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in this model. To study the time course of efferent fiber and SGN loss, chinchillas were injected with GM (125 mg/kg IM) followed immediately by EA (40 mg/kg IV). Estimates of efferent fiber loss and density changes were made after 3 days or 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks of survival. Estimates of SGN loss and density changes were made after 15 days or 1, 2, 4, or 6 months of survival. Cochlear function was rapidly abolished and all cochlear hair cells were missing within 24 h after treatment. Inner hair cells (IHCs) in the middle turn of the cochlea died earlier than cells in the apex or base, and OHCs in Rows 1 and 2 died earlier than OHCs in Row 3. Degeneration of efferent nerve fibers began 3–7 days post-injection, versus 15–30 days for SGNs, and the loss of efferent fibers was essentially complete within 1 month, versus 2–4 months for SGNs. The rapid time course of efferent fiber and SGN loss in the chinchilla may make it a practical model for studying mechanisms of neural loss and survival in the mammalian inner ear.
Programmed cell death in Leishmania: biochemical evidence and role in parasite infectivity.

Demonstration of features of a programmed cell death (PCD) pathway in protozoan parasites initiated a great deal of interest and debate in the field of molecular parasitology. Several of the markers typical of mammalian apoptosis have been shown in Leishmania which suggested the existence of an apoptosis like death in these organisms. However studies to elucidate the down stream events associated with phosphotidyl serine exposure, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release and caspase-like activities in cells undergoing such cell death remain an ongoing challenge. Recent advances in genome sequencing, chemical biology should help solve some of these challenges. Leishmania genetic mutants that lack putative regulators/effectors of PCD pathway should not only help demonstrate the mechanisms of PCD but also provide tools to better understand the putative role for this pathway in population control and in the establishment of a successful infection of the host.
Property modeling across transition temperatures in polymers: application to thermoplastic systems

The growing demand for virtual design of composite materials necessitates the development of comprehensive models relating the microstructure of the constituents to the macroscopic mechanical behavior. In this spirit, a new model was recently introduced that enables the computation of polymer stiffness over the entire range of use temperature (C. A. Mahieux and K. L. Reifsnider, Polymer42(7) (2001) 3281). A preliminary study stated the feasibility of the approach and the apparent possibility of applying this model to all polymers. The present study investigated the possibility of applying the model to some commercial thermoplastics: PMMA, PEEK, PPS and AS4/PPS composite. Cryogenic DMA were performed and the properties (crystallinity and molecular weight) of the composites were systematically varied. The model was applied to the different materials. The influence of the chemical nature, the molecular weight and the crystallinity content on the model input was carefully studied. The molecular nature and molecular weight were found to have little influence on the statistical parameters; the statistical parameter associated with the glass transition was found to vary linearly with crystalline content for the semi-crystalline samples. The model was found to successfully represent the behavior of all of the polymer based systems considered in the present study.
Adolescent computer use and alcohol use: what are the role of quantity and content of computer use?

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between computer use and alcohol use among adolescents. In particular, the goal of the research was to determine the role of lifetime drinking and past month drinking on quantity as measured by amount of time on the computer (for school work and excluding school work) and on content as measured by the frequency of a variety of activities on the internet (e.g., e-mail, searching for information, social networking, listen to/download music). Participants (aged 13–17 years and residing in the United States) were recruited via the internet to complete an anonymous survey online using a popular survey tool ( N = 270). Their average age was 16 and the sample was predominantly female (63% girls). A series of analyses was conducted with the computer use measures as dependent variables (hours on the computer per week for school work and excluding school work; various internet activities including e-mail, searching for information, social networking, listen to/download music) controlling for gender, age, academic performance and age of first computer use. Based on the results, past month drinkers used the computer more hours per week excluding school work than those who did not. As expected, there were no differences in hours based on alcohol use for computer use for school work. Drinking also had relationships with more frequent social networking and listening to/downloading music. These findings suggest that both quantity and content of computer use were related to adolescent drinking.
Superconducting Yb2Ba4Cu7Ox produced by oxidizing metallic precursors

Abstract A new superconducting phase, Yb 2 Ba 4 Cu 7 O x ( a=3.81 A , b=3.86 A , c=50.45 A ; space group Ammm; Z =2), has been identified and analyzed, mainly by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, in oxidized ribbons of silver-bearing metallic precursors. This structure is analogous to Yb 2 Ba 4 Cu 8 O x (2-4-8) described previously, but an excess CuO layer insertion occurs in every two unit cells of the normal 1-2-3 structure. A specimen in which this phase occupies 30% of the oxide volume shows T c =86 K ( ΔT c =4 K). In a transmission electron microscope, this “2-4-7” phase changes easily to the normal 1-2-3 structure by electron beam heating. Other defects in this structure are described.
Applications of Statistics in Post office Automation

The National Bureau of Standards is involved in designing and developing equipments and systems for the improved sorting of mail. As part of this project numerous statistical studies-mostly of a sampling typehave been conducted. These studies were designed to obtain research and development information which is not collected by the Post Office as part of its routine data collecting activities. The data from these studies have proved useful as a basis for making administrative decisions, (7) for developing efficient mechanized schemes of sorting mail (4) and for costing these schemes. (1) In this paper we present a thumbnail sketch of the letter sorting mechanization problem, a description of the statistical problems encountered with some results of corresponding studies, and some of the uses to which the data have been put.
A comparison of vaccinia virus multiplication and hemagglutinin loss in hyperdiploid and hypotetraploid Ehrlich ascites tumors.

Abstract Hyperdiploid (2X) and hypotetraploid (4X) lines of the Ehrlich ascites tumor both developed an inhibitor of vaccinia virus hemagglutinin. During tumor growth, the inhibitor emerged at higher levels in the 4X tumor than in the 2X tumor. Serial passage of vaccinia virus in these tumors is associated with an eventual loss of hemagglutinin, but this requires twice the number of passages in the 4X tumor as in the 2X. This would not have been anticipated in view of the higher inhibitor content of the 4X tumor. To investigate the observed result, virus multiplication studies were carried out in the two tumors, and it was established that vaccinia virus multiplies to a lesser degree in the 4X tumor than in the 2X. This would appear to be at least part of the explanation for the slower selection of a hemagglutinin-negative virus in the 4X tumor.
Central markers of body fat distribution are important predictors of plasma lipids in elderly men and women

We determined the contribution of body fat distribution, peak VO2, fat mass, and dietary intake to variation in plasma lipids in elderly individuals. Volunteers were a healthy cohort of older Caucasian women (n = 75, mean age ± SD, 72 ± 5 years) and older men (n = 101, 72 ± 5 years). We determined fat mass from underwater weighing, fat patterning from waist circumference, as well as peripheral and truncal skinfolds, exercise capacity from peak VO2, and dietary intake from three-day food diaries. Plasma lipid levels were measured in the fasting state and included total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and fasting triglycerides. Older women weighed less than older men, but had higher fat mass, truncal, and peripheral skinfolds. Waist circumference and peak VO2 were lower in older women than older men. Older women had higher total cholesterol (217 ± 31 vs. 197 ± 30; p < 0.01), HDL-C (54 ± 12 vs. 49 ± 14; p < 0.05), and LDL-C (133 ± 26 vs. 121 ± 27; p < 0.01) when compared with older men. No gender differences were noted in fasting triglycerides. Truncal skinfolds were the best predictor of plasma lipids in older men, accounting for between 9% and 30% (r(2) of the variation in plasma lipids. Similarly, in older women, central markers of fatness (i.e., waist circumference and truncal skinfolds) were the best predictors of plasma lipids (r2 = 3% to 24%). Total fat mass, peak VO2 and dietary intake were not independent predictors of plasma lipids in older men and women. Indices of central body fatness, rather than total fat mass, peak VO2 or dietary intake are stronger predictors of plasma lipids in healthy older men and women.
The six hour observation rule for grade I crotalid envenomation: is it sufficient? Case report of delayed envenomation

A 16-year-old male was evaluated in the Emergency Department for a rattlesnake bite on the left calf. He was released following 6 h of observation, as recommended in standard references, without complaints or objective criteria present to indicate envenomation. The patient returned 36 h later complaining of severe pain at the bite site and showing objective evidence for systemic envenomation. He was successfully treated for crotalid envenomation with antivenin. This case demonstrates that initial systemic signs and symptoms may begin more than 6 h after crotalid envenomation. Therefore, we recommend that snake bite care must be coupled with close outpatient follow-up for 24 h.
A HISTOLOGIC STUDY OF THE AUTO-ALLERGIC TESTIS LESION IN THE GUINEA PIG

The auto-allergic lesion in guinea pigs inoculated with homologous testis plus the Freund adjuvant was investigated histologically. The lesion was found to consist of disseminated foci of perivenous inflammation, lymphocytes and histiocytes predominating in the cellular infiltrate, with invasion of epididymal, rete, and seminiferous tubules and destruction of tubular contents. Guinea pigs up to 800 gm. showed a rapidly progressing diffuse hypo- or aspermatogenesis, which appeared to be secondary to the inflammatory disease. In these animals, the process resolved leaving an atrophic testis with few or no indications of the preceding inflammation and fibrotic scarring only in the rare instances in which actual necrosis of connective tissue elements had occurred. In 1200 gm. animals there was no general hypospermatogenesis and the late findings were limited to foci of aspermatogenesis. This disease then is an experimental auto-allergic orchitis followed by testicular atrophy without scarring. Its morphologic similarity to mumps orchitis and to sterility with "germinal cell aplasia" in man is commented on.
MARECHAL'S CONDITION GOVERNED TOLERABLE PRIMARY ABERRATIONS IN FRAUNHOFER HOLOGRAPHY

The role of holography in characterization of small objects in a dynamic volume is well established.1–3 There is significant current interest in applications and refinement of the technique.4–18 The size accuracy or resolution is one of the most important parameters and aberration3,19–31 is one of the critical governing aspect. To establish the aberrationrelated resolution, Rayleigh quarter wavelength rule and Mare´chal’s condition are two important32 approaches.
Co‐opetition: Competitive and cooperative business strategies for the digital economy

The words we use influence how we think. For example, when we think about business, most of us would probably say “Business is War.” A company has to capture J the market, beat the competition, make a killing, bury the competition. Using this metaphor, we have a whole vocabulary of winners and losers. Yet, in reality, thats often misleading. We may think there will be victors and vanquished in a price war, but in the end, no one wins.
Synthesis, structure, and reactivity of O-donor Ir(III) complexes: C-H activation studies with benzene.

Various new thermally air- and water-stable alkyl and aryl analogues of (acac-O,O)_2Ir(R)(L), R−Ir−L (acac-O,O = κ^2-O,O-acetylacetonate, −Ir− is the trans-(acac-O,O)_2Ir(III) motif, R = CH_3, C_2H_5, Ph, PhCH_2CH_2, L = Py) have been synthesized using the dinuclear complex [Ir(μ-acac-O,O,C^3)−(acac-O,O)(acac-C^3)]_2, [acac-C−Ir]_2, or acac-C−Ir−H_2O. The dinuclear Ir (III) complexes, [Ir(μ-acac-O,O,C^3)−(acac-O,O)(R)]_2 (R = alkyl), show fluxional behavior with a five-coordinate, 16 electron complex by a dissociative pathway. The pyridine adducts, R−Ir−Py, undergo degenerate Py exchange via a dissociative mechanism with activation parameters for Ph−Ir−Py (ΔH^‡ = 22.8 ± 0.5 kcal/mol; ΔS^‡ = 8.4 ± 1.6 eu; ΔG^‡_(298K) = 20.3 ± 1.0 kcal/mol) and CH_3−Ir−Py (ΔH^‡ = 19.9 ± 1.4 kcal/mol; ΔS^‡ = 4.4 ± 5.5 eu; ΔG^‡_(298K) = 18.6 ± 0.5 kcal/mol). The trans complex, Ph−Ir−Py, undergoes quantitatively trans-cis isomerization to generate cis-Ph−Ir−Py on heating. All the R−Ir−Py complexes undergo quantitative, intermolecular CH activation reactions with benzene to generate Ph−Ir−Py and RH. The activation parameters (ΔS^‡ =11.5 ± 3.0 eu; ΔH^‡ = 41.1 ± 1.1 kcal/mol; ΔG^‡_(298k) = 37.7 ± 1.0 kcal/mol) for CH activation were obtained using CH_3−Ir−Py as starting material at a constant ratio of [Py]/[C_6D_6] = 0.045. Overall the CH activation reaction with R−Ir−Py has been shown to proceed via four key steps: (A) pre-equilibrium loss of pyridine that generates a trans-five-coordinate, square pyramidal intermediate; (B) unimolecular, isomerization of the trans-five-coordinate to generate a cis-five-coordinate intermediate, cis-R−Ir-□; (C) rate-determining coordination of this species to benzene to generate a discrete benzene complex, cis-R−Ir−PhH; and (D) rapid C−H cleavage. Kinetic isotope effects on the CH activation with mixtures of C_6H_6/C_6D_6 (KIE = 1) and with 1,3,5-C_6H_3D_3 (KIE ∼3.2 at 110 °C) are consistent with this reaction mechanism.
Seductive father-daughter relationships and sex roles in women

The present study evaluated the relationship of three variables reportedly characteristic of families in which father-daughter incest occurs to women's sex-role functioning and attitudes toward heterosexual interactions. The results showed that a sexualized father-daughter relationship was correlated with negative male traits (e.g., arrogance), low levels of positive female traits (emotionality), and negative attitudes toward male sexuality and female competitiveness. Discord in the parental marriage was associated with positive female traits and negatively with attributions of danger to male sexuality. Low levels of paternal encouragement of autonomy correlated with negative female traits (spinelessness, subordination to others) and low positive masculine traits (competitiveness). The implications of the findings to our understanding of incest are discussed.
Real-time task scheduling for energy-aware embedded systems

Abstract We present a new approach for scheduling workloads containing periodic tasks in real-time systems. The proposed approach minimizes the total energy consumed by the task set and guarantees that the deadline for every periodic task is met. Energy is a scarce resource for embedded systems, and energy consumption must be carefully balanced against real-time responsiveness. As embedded software becomes a larger component of system-on-a-chip design, energy management using the operating system becomes increasingly important. We present a mixed-integer linear programming model for the NP-complete scheduling problem and solve it for moderate-sized problem instances using a public-domain solver. For larger task sets, we present a novel low-energy earliest-deadline-first (LEDF) scheduling algorithm and apply it to two real-life task sets. We also present extended-LEDF (E-LEDF), a modified version of LEDF that considers more practical scenarios. Our results show that energy can be conserved in embedded real-time systems using energy-aware task scheduling.
Fiberoptic esophagoscopy in geriatric patients.

: Sixty-four patients aged 65 or older were examined with the Olympus fiber esophagoscope. Fifteen had inflammatory changes, 10 had carcinoma or lymphoma, 5 had stomal ulcers after partial gastrectomy and 3 had esophageal varices. The procedure was tolerated well by all patients. Fiberoptic esophagoscopy offers a thorough and reasonably safe method of examination for the geriatric patient.
A physically based model for mobilization of kaolinite particles under hydraulic gradients

A physically based model was developed for analyzing the movement of colloidal clay particles in laboratory soil columns. The physical mechanisms of detachment of particles from the soil matrix, their subsequent transportation in the pore water, and possible entrapment or clogging were included in the model. The performance of the model was evaluated by comparisons with laboratory experimental results. A sensitivity analysis was performed to reveal the relative importance of the parameters in prediction of colloidal particle concentrations and fluxes. Soils with greater initial porosity led to smaller effluent concentrations, but contributed to greater overall particle removal. An increase in soil detachability, a parameter which expresses the ease with which colloids are removed from parent soil matrix, caused greater removal to a point. Beyond a threshold value, the suspended load of colloids in pore suspension exceeds the carrying capacity of the flow causing deposition and concentration reduction.
SU‐FF‐J‐29: Quantification of 4DCT Determined Lung Tumor Motion Based On Image Registration

Purpose: To examine the feasibility of rigid-body image registration for tracking lung tumors and to determine motion characteristics of these tumors. Method and Materials: Respiratory correlated 4DCT scans for 55 GTVs in 50 patients were obtained using a commercial 4DCT (Discovery ST, GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) which generates 10 CT datasets sorted by respiratory phase. Tumor displacements were measured with an image registration software package which uses a cross-correlation algorithm to track tumors across the 4DCT datasets, assuming rigid motion. The reference template of each tumor was determined from the physician-contoured GTV on the patient's expiratory scan. The automatic registration was validated by visually comparing the shifted GTV contours to the image of the tumor across the 4DCT datasets. The diaphragm motion was also extracted from the 4DCT images. Results: In 96% (53) of the cases, automatic registration of the tumors agreed with the observed tumor motion. We found that 53% (29) of tumors moved more than 0.5 cm, among which 13% (7) moved more than 1 cm with the largest observed motion being 1.7 cm. For tumor displacement along each principal axis, we found 47% (26) of tumors moved more than 0.5 cm in the SI direction. In contrast less than 2% of the tumors moved more than 0.5 cm in the lateral and AP directions. We were able to correlate tumor motion with diaphragm motion only for tumors less than 150 cc in the lateral 45% of the lung (correlation coefficient=0.83, p=0.004). Conclusion: Image based rigid registration is appropriate for tracking tumors moving with respiration. Motion quantification is critical in lung cancer as, per this study, half of all tumors move significantly ( 25%) of tumors.
Emotional intelligence, information search and decision-making under stress

Emotional intelligence (EI) is said to confer resilience under stress. The present study tested this hypothesis using a negative feedback manipulation to induce stress during a decision-making task. A multimedia situational judgment task (SJT) was used to measure EI as an ability. Participants (N = 172) used a map display to sample information and chose between routes for finding a lost party of explorers, followed by feedback on their choice. The quality of the decision and the level of information search activity were assessed. Negative feedback elevated distress and impaired decision-making, relative to neutral feedback. However, negative feedback effects were not moderated by EI. EI was positively correlated with information search activity in both feedback conditions. Thus, the study found no evidence that high EI supports effective coping with stress during decision-making. EI may be generally associated with effort directed towards information search. Benefits of EI may, in part, have a motivational basis, e.g., in scanning for social cues.
Titan's surface from reconciled Cassini microwave reflectivity and emissivity observations

Abstract The surface of Titan, Saturn's largest moon, appears to consist of solid hydrocarbons or CO2 with considerable small-scale structure, according to a new electromagnetic scattering model that uses both Cassini radar reflectivity and emissivity measurements. Our model resolves a well-known ambiguity in active and passive observations of surfaces, namely that the dielectric constant retrieved from radiometric data is usually less than that obtained from radar backscatter analysis. We present here parameters of Titan derived from radar and radiometric responses using a single set of surface physical descriptors. The observed dielectric constant ranges from 1.75–2.5, consistent with the solids above, but also with unconsolidated water or water/ammonia ice. Inferred rms slopes of the surface range from 10°–16° at Cassini's 2.2 cm-λ, with radar albedos of about 30%. Emissivities of the surface are quite high, on the order of 90%. We find that the majority of the backscattered radar energy results from volume, rather than surface, scattering processes. Thus large-scale variations in radar brightness are mainly diagnostic of composition and structure within Titan's near subsurface. The high level of volume scatter (about 15% of incident energy) and consequent high radar albedo suggest significant wavelength-scale structure and multiple scatter within the medium. This is most consistent with a surface composed either of ubiquitous mm-size bubbles within the “ice,” analogous to a vesicular cryolava, or structures similar to ice pipes and lenses found in terrestrial ice sheets. The cryovolcanic hypothesis suggests planet-wide resurfacing by active volcanism to explain the large-scale uniformity of observed backscatter. If the lens/pipe mechanism pertains, it can imply percolation of precipitating liquid or surface melt through the Titan “firn.”
The stability of risk-seeking from adolescence to emerging adulthood

Abstract Purpose The current study examines the stability of the risk-seeking component of self-control using a second-order latent class growth model. Methods Longitudinal data from 962 respondents from the NLSY79-Child and Young Adult sample are used to examine the stability of the risk-seeking component of self-control from ages 14 to 23. Results Data reveal three trajectories of risk-seeking (low, moderate, and high) that maintain strong relative stability from adolescence through early adulthood. Further, two trajectories of risk-seeking (moderate and high) maintain absolute stability, whereas the low risk-seeking group exhibits statistically significant decreases in risk-seeking over time. Conclusions The SOLCGA may provide a stricter test of the stability hypothesis since it accounts for measurement error in the construct prior to estimating the developmental trajectories. The results from the SOLCGA support Gottfredson and Hirschi's hypotheses that self-control will remain stable from adolescence into emerging adulthood.
A Functional Biological Marker is Needed for Diagnosing Magnesium Deficiency

Functional biological markers or biomarkers are now available for many nutrients which are used as nutritional status markers. Most sources of these biomarkers are products or precursors of enzymatic processes that can be measured in serum and plasma. At this time measurements of total or ionized magnesium (Mg) in serum, plasma, cellular components, urine or Mg retention from a load test are performed, but they may not always reflect Mg nutritional status. Biomarkers for Mg are needed which would reflect changes in biochemical processes where Mg is involved. Biomarkers for Mg need to be identified and evaluated in both animals and humans, with a determination of possible factors that may affect the reaction and biomarker concentrations. Some possible biomarkers for Mg include the following: Na/K ATPase, thromboxane B2, C-reactive protein, and endothelin-1. Other possible biomarkers for Mg need to be identified.
p-Benzoquinone activation of metal oxide electrodes for attachment of enzymes

Abstract The mechanisms by which p -benzoquinone brings about the activation of a metal oxide surface and subsequent coupling of an enzyme has been investigated. Indium-tin oxide (ITO)coated glass plates were derivatized with an aminosilane and then activated with p -benzoquinone. Differential pulse voltammetry was used to distinguish between mono- and disubstitution of the benzoquinone, both for a model system in homogeneous solution and for the aminosilane derivatized plates. Glucose oxidase was attached covalently to the benzoquinone-aminosilane activated ITO plates to give an enzymatically active electrode.
Field emission from carbon films deposited on stainless steel substrate

Abstract Stainless steel, SUS304, was used as a low-cost substrate for the deposition of carbon film, and the soot-like films showed good field emission properties. Depositions were carried out by heating the substrates to 1000 °C in a hot-filament reactor under H2-10%CH4 at 30 torr with varying deposition time from 5 to 60 min. Threshold fields for the samples at 5, 10 and 30 min were approximately 2 V/μm, and at 60 min, was approximately 4 V/μm. Emission currents and emission site densities increased with deposition time up to 10 min, then decreased with deposition time up to 60 min. Maximum emission current density, 26 mA/cm2, at 6 V/μm, was obtained for the sample at 10 min. Film morphology also changed with deposition time. Small particles under 2 μm diameter were observed in the samples at 5, 10 and 30 min. However at 60 min, the small particles disappeared, and only ball-like structures over 5 μm diameter were seen. The small particles increased up to 10 min, then some grew to the ball-like structures up to 30 min, when the small particles and the ball-like structures were mixed. The small particles are believed to improve the electron emission properties of the carbon films.
SU-E-J-194: The Impact of Different Imaging Measures on Treatment Response Assessment of Bone Metastases

Purpose: Several treatment response metrics, such as RECIST and PERCIST, have been established for assessing individual solid tumors. However, metastatic prostate cancer poses a unique challenge to these metrics because bone lesions are often numerous and non‐measureable. This study investigated the impact of using different imaging measures for treatment response assessment in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.Methods: Six patients with metastatic prostate cancer were treated with molecular targeted therapy and received whole body [18F]NaF PET/CT scans pre‐, mid‐, and post‐treatment. Lesions were segmented using a threshold of 20% the maximum SUV in bone and then manually adjusted with physician guidance. For each patient, SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVpeak, SUVtotal, number of lesions, and total volume of bone lesions were determined. For each measure, treatment response was calculated as the percent change relative to pre‐treatment. The range of the different responses was calculated for each patient at each response time point. The population average of the patient ranges was calculated. Results: The patient responses varied greatly for different imaging measures. The population‐averaged range for all response measures was 50%. In general, SUVmax, SUVmean, and SUVpeak responses were negative, indicating good response to treatment, but the number of lesions, volume, and SUVtotal responses were positive, indicating disease progression. When the measures were separated into these two groups, the population‐averaged range was only 25% among the number of lesions, volume, and SUVtotal responses and 10% among the SUVmax, SUVmean, and SUVpeak responses. Conclusions: Several treatment response metrics, such as RECIST and PERCIST, have been established for assessing individual solid tumors. However, metastatic prostate cancer poses a unique challenge to these metrics because bone lesions are often numerous and non‐measureable. This study investigated the impact of using different imaging measures for treatment response assessment in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.
Neutron reflectometry and high-resolution imaging

This paper describes the thermal neutron reflectometer recently installed at the Rhode Island Nuclear Science Center (RINSC) and presents first results. The reflectometer utilizes a narrow 'pencil beam' with an adjustable angle of incidence on the horizontal sample surface. It permits reflection studies with the neutron beam slanting upward or downward in the range up to 0.03 radians allowing measurements to be made from above or from below (e.g., through the sample substrate). We report the results of measurements of specular reflectivity for liquid D2O, for Fomblin oil, and for a polarizing super-mirror. These results are in good agreement with expectation. We also discuss a proposed high resolution imaging device for ultracold neutrons ((Delta) Qz equals 10-9 angstroms-1). This resolution would constitute an improvement of two orders of magnitude beyond the currently available techniques. The imaging system utilizes a pair of hyperbolic mirrors and a flat horizontal mirror surface represented by a lake of Fomblin liquid.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Saddam Hussein, the United States, and the invasion of Iran: was there a green light?

Since the Iraqi invasion of Iran in 1980, numerous observers and scholars have alleged that the United States ‘green-lighted’ Saddam Hussein's decision to go to war. This article scrutinises the green light thesis by examining US and Iraqi documents that have recently become available to scholars. These records reveal that the green light thesis has more basis in myth than in reality. Preoccupied with issues such as the Iran hostage crisis and the implications of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Carter administration officials neither expected nor welcomed Saddam's attack on Iran. The Iraqi dictator, for his part, believed that Washington would oppose rather than support his war.
Calcium supplements increase risk of myocardial infarction

Commentary on: MJ Bolland, A Avenell, JA Baron, et al.. Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis. BMJ2010;341:c3691.
A NEW WAY TO ESTIMATE ORDERS IN TIME SERIES

. In this paper we propose the order determination quantity (ODQ) as a new way to solve order estimation problems in time series analysis. We estimate orders according to ODQ > 0 or ODQ < 0 instead of by minimizing. Theoretical analysis and simulation have shown that the ODQ has higher identifiability for unknown true orders, provides clear separation points and requires less computational effort than the existing order estimation criteria such as Akaike's information criterion (AIC), Bayes information criterion (BIC), φ and predictive least squares (PLS).
Kinetics of bleach plant effluent decolorization by Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Abstract Decolorization of the first alkaline extraction stage (E1) effluent from a pulp mill bleach effluent using the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was conducted in a rotating biological contactor (RBC) under improved conditions. The kinetic model developed for both 1 d and 2 d retention times showed a characteristic pattern. The overall decolorization process can be divided into three distinct stages, viz., a rapid color reduction in the first hour of contact between the effluent and fungus, followed by a zero order reaction, and then a first order reaction. The color removal rate on the second day of the 2 d batch treatment was less than that on the first day. The decolorization in a continuous flow reactor achieved approximately the same daily color removal rate, but had a longer working lifetime as compared to the batch reactor, thereby removing more color over the fungal lifetime.
Down the slippery slope: Ethics and the technical writer as marketer

This article discusses some of the ethical dilemmas faced by writers who prepare marketing materials in engineering organizations; such writers include traditional technical writers whose documents are influenced by the marketing interests of the company and “boundary spanners” who write both technical and promotional materials. The article describes social, political, economic, and legal changes in the professions during the last 30 years and the growing influence of market‐driven decisions on ethical decision‐making. It briefly surveys the marketing literature that engineering marketers are reading. Finally, it suggests a question that marketing writers should ask themselves in examining rhetorical choices.