cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Group Representatives in Educational Institutions: An Empirical Study of Superintendents and Teacher Union Presidents

As critical group representatives in public school districts (K-12), superintendents and teacher union presidents have a direct impact on the success of education reform programs. Aspects of the superintendent-union president interface were explored by focusing on one ingredient of effective work relations, namely, interpersonal trust. Regression analyses of survey data from 305 superintendents and 293 presidents investigated potential differences across the two samples concerning variables influencing respondents ` willingness to trust the other group representative. For both samples, willingness to trust was influenced primarily by expectations about the other group representative's future trustworthy behavior Social judgment factors were important predictors of expectations for both superintendents and presidents. For presidents, personality failed to influence expectations. Perceptions of normative referent groups suggested that superintendents and presidents operate under conflicting intergroup press...
CAGExploreR: an R package for the analysis and visualization of promoter dynamics across multiple experiments

Alternate promoter usage is an important molecular mechanism for generating RNA and protein diversity. Cap Analysis Gene Expression (CAGE) is a powerful approach for revealing the multiplicity of transcription start site (TSS) events across experiments and conditions. An understanding of the dynamics of TSS choice across these conditions requires both sensitive quantification and comparative visualization. We have developed CAGExploreR, an R package to detect and visualize changes in the use of specific TSS in wider promoter regions in the context of changes in overall gene expression when comparing different CAGE samples. These changes provide insight into the modification of transcript isoform generation and regulatory network alterations associated with cell types and conditions. CAGExploreR is based on the FANTOM5 and MPromDb promoter set definitions but can also work with user-supplied regions. The package compares multiple CAGE libraries simultaneously. Supplementary Materials describe methods in detail, and a vignette demonstrates a workflow with a real data example.
Conceptions of natural selection: a snapshot of the sense-making process

Several studies have examined the alternative conceptions that students possess about the process of natural selection. The goal of this study was to explore the nature of the changes in students' explanations of evolutionary scenarios. Fifty names were randomly selected from a pool of over 200 high school students who took a pretest prior to and a posttest following instruction about evolution. Teleological and Lamarckian explanations accounted for over half of the students' explanation on the pretest, but dropped to less than 20% on the posttest. Most of the students that, on the pretest, attributed evolutionary change to individual need for a trait or extended use or disuse of some part of the body shifted, on the posttest, to explanations that described the role of a population's variation to the evolutionary process. Explanations that included the idea of spontaneous genetic mutations increased, but this totalled less than 10% of all posttest responses.
Is Conflict Stimulating? Sensation Seekers' Responses to Interpersonal Conflict

This study examined the effects of sensation seeking on responses to interpersonal conflict. A total of 153 male and female subjects completed the Sensation-Seeking Scale and three versions of the Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory. Sensation seeking was related to conflict responses for females only; high sensation-seeking females reported dominating more and obliging less than did low sensation-seeking females. Subsequent analyses revealed that this effect was mainly due to two sensation-seeking factors: thrill and adventure seeking and disinhibition. A sex-role expectations explanation is proposed, and considerations for future research are examined.
Dietary effects on body weight, feed intake and diurnal feeding behavior of genetically obese rats.

Diurnal feeding behavior was studied in young lean and obese Zucker rats fed diets containing equal digestible energy per g in which 60% of the energy was supplied by protein, carbohydrate or fat ad libitum. Food intake of both rat types fed the protein (PRO) diet was less than intake of rats fed carbohydrate (CHO) or fat (FAT) diets. Obese rats consumed more food during both the 12-hour light period and the 12-hour dark period than lean rats. Compared to intake of CHO or FAT diets, intake of obese rats fed the PRO diet was depressed to a greater extent than for lean rats. Further, intake of obese rats fed the PRO diet showed no temporal adaptation while intake of PRO diet by lean rats in creased slightly. Eating duration was greatest and estimated eating rate slowest for rats fed the PRO diet. Obese rats displayed a tendency to equalize food consumption over a 24-hour period. A higher proportion of daily intake was consumed during the light period (40.8%) by obese rats compared to lean rats (32.4%). Estimated eating rates of obese rats fed CHO or FAT diets were slower than for lean rats. Obese rats also had similar estimated eating rates during the dark period and light period whereas lean rats exhibited a faster dark period estimated eating rate than during the light period. In summary, the studies have indicated that diurnal patterns of feeding behavior were quite different in lean and obese Zucker rats fed diets varying in source of energy. J. Nutr. 108: 256- 264, 1978. INDEXING KEY WORDS obese rats â€¢diurnal feeding â€¢hyper- phagia The objectives of the present report were Comparisons of Zucker obese rats with to characterize diurnal feeding behavior ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) obese and to determine the effect of high protein, rats showed that the Zucker obese rats re- carbohydrate, or fat diets on food intake sponded more like normal rats than like and body weight of lean and obese Zucker VMH obese rats when subjected to diet rats.
Endoscopic Ultrasound for Evaluation of High-Grade Dysplasia in Barrett’s Esophagus

In the past decade, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has become an important imaging modality in the management of several gastrointestinal disorders. Given its ability to provide detailed images of the layered structure of the esophageal wall and of the surrounding structures, EUS has been proposed as a potentially sensitive method to evaluate patients with Barrett’s esophagus, in particular those with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and early adenocarcinoma. This article reviews the role of EUS for imaging Barrett’s esophagus, with particular emphasis on the available studies dealing with the clinical relevance of EUS in the management of patients with Barrett’s esophagus and HGD and early adenocarcinoma.
Enhancing Creative Thinking In A Case-Based MBA Course

Improving the critical thinking ability of students is a learning outcome of many undergraduate and graduate courses. While case-based courses encourage higher order critical thinking, students still often become rote in the application of concepts and theories to problem-solving situations. This paper presents an example of a graduate marketing MBA course that was revised by integrating the creative problem solving process with the traditional case analysis process in order to enhance student critical thinking and problem solving skills.
A PHYLOGENETIC ASSESSMENT OF PRISMATIC DINOSAUR EGGS FROM THE CRETACEOUS TWO MEDICINE FORMATION OF MONTANA

ABSTRACT Two egg types from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana are described and incorporated into a phylogenetic analysis of egg characters. Small (7.5 × 3.5 cm), ellipsoidal eggs with a surface ornamentation consisting of isolated round tubercles represent a new, unnamed ootaxon. The microstructure includes narrow, prismatic shell units with three structural layers. The second egg type, oospecies Prismatoolithus levis, belongs to the theropod Troodon formosus. Although previously described, the presence of a third, external layer had been overlooked. Both eggs display several features typical of avian eggs: narrowly spaced nucleation sites, barrel-shaped mammillae with blocky crystal habit, a squamatic-like texture in the prismatic layer, and a third, structural layer. In addition, the new egg type exhibits a cuticle layer and the eggs of Troodon are asymmetric. Cladistic analysis of 14 fossil and extant taxa using 15 egg and shell characters favors a phylogeny consistent with more t...
Geomagnetic Sensitivity in Cetaceans: An Update With Live Stranding Records in the United States

Cetacean stranding sites have been linked to the presence of local magnetic anomalies in several widely-separated geographic areas, including the eastern coast of North America and the British Islands. Previous studies of this sort have been hampered largely by inadequate survey data for the magnetic field, as well as by incomplete records of cetacean stranding events. A major improvement in the geomagnetic anomaly data available for these studies has been the 1988 publication of the geomagnetic anomaly map of North America compiled by the Geological Society of America, and its subsequent public release in digital form. Compared with the records of cetacean live stranding events compiled by the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., these new magnetic anomaly data more than double the number of live stranding events in the United States which fall within the boundaries of geomagnetic surveys. These new data add further support to the hypothesis that cetaceans possess a geomagnetic sensory system comparable to that in other migratory and homing animals, and are consistent with previous suggestions that features of the geomagnetic field, in particular the marine magnetic lineations, play an important role in the long-distance navigation of marine mammals.
An argumentation-based dialogue system for human-robot collaboration

Human-robot collaboration may fail due to conflicts in beliefs or plans between cooperating partners, or due to robot errors. Dialogue is an intuitive way to resolve such conflicts due to miscommunication. The research demonstrated here explores the notion of using argumentation-based dialogue for human-robot interaction. The demonstration presents a proof-of-concept prototype of a logic-based dialogue framework grounded in argumentation theory that addresses the "what to say" problem in human-robot communication during a collaborative task. A simulated human-robot treasure hunt game is shown, where a robot searches for objects of interest in a region that is not accessible to a human and interacts with the human in order to interpret its sensor data and complete the task effectively.
The Morbidity of Insomnia

Insomnia is a disorder characterized by chronic sleep disturbance associated with daytime disability or distress, such as memory impairment and fatigue, that occurs despite adequate opportunity for sleep. Insomnia may present as difficulty falling/staying asleep or as sleep that is nonrestorative. Studies show a strong correlation between insomnia and impaired quality of life. Pain conditions and depression are commonly associated with insomnia, either as secondary or comorbid conditions. In addition, a greater incidence of anxiety, alcohol and drug dependence, and cardiovascular disease is found in people with insomnia. Data indicate insomnia results from over-engaged arousal systems. Insomnia patients experience increased metabolic rate, body temperature, and heart rate, and elevated levels of norepinephrine and catecholamines. Pharmacologic options for the treatment of insomnia include benzodiazepine hypnotics, a selective melatonin receptor agonist, and sedating antidepressants. However, insomnia may be best treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy and instruction in good sleep hygiene, either alone or in concert with pharmacologic agents. Studies on the effects of insomnia treatment use variable methodologies or do not publish negative results, and there are currently no studies of treatment focusing on morbidity. Further research is necessary to better understand the effects of insomnia therapies on medical and psychiatric disorders. In this Clinical Information Supplement, Thomas Roth, PhD, describes the nature of insomnia and its pathophysiology. Next, Andrew D. Krystal, MD, MS, reviews morbidities associated with insomnia. Finally, Joseph A. Lieberman III, MD, MPH, provides an overview of therapeutics utilized in patients with insomnia, including behavioral therapies and pharmacologic options.
Covalent interactions of acetaldehyde with the actin/microfilament system.

The covalent binding of [14C]acetaldehyde to purified rabbit skeletal muscle actin was characterized. As we have found for other cytoskeletal proteins, actin formed stable covalent adducts under reductive and non-reductive conditions. Under non-reductive conditions, individual and competition binding studies versus albumin both showed that the G-form of actin is more reactive toward acetaldehyde than the F-form. When proteins were compared on an ‘equi-lysine’ basis under non-reducing conditions, G-actin was found to preferentially complete with albumin for binding to acetaldehyde. Time-course dialysis studies indicated that acetaldehyde-actin adducts become more stable with prolonged incubation at 37°C. These data raise the possibility that actin could be a preferential target for adduct formationin cellular systems and will serve as the basis for ongoing studies aimed at defining the role of acetaldehyde-protein adducts in ethanol-induced cell injury.
Assuring the future of mineralogy

![Figure][1] As the American Mineralogist and the Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) approach their centennials, troubling indicators cast a shadow on the future of the mineralogical sciences. These indicators include decreases in grant funding for research in mineralogical disciplines, a lack of attention to mineral resources, trends in Ph.D.’s awarded in the Earth sciences, and the lack of emphasis on the Earth sciences in state educational policies. Some of these problems can be traced to a lack of scientific literacy among the public and policy makers. Others can be attributed to actions or inactions by those whose research or teaching involves minerals. MSA and its members must do more to educate students, colleagues, and the public about the mineralogical sciences and their importance to the well being of society. If we are proactive and imaginative in promoting our science, the “future of mineralogy” can be assured. [1]: pending:yes
Effect of frequency of hypothalamic stimulation upon bladder response.

SummaryThe bladder response to hypothalamic stimulation is strongly influenced by the frequency of the stimulus used. High frequency stimuli (60/sec. or more) usually cause bladder relaxation, low frequency stimuli (3.5/sec.) usually bladder contraction. A reversal of the bladder response is frequently obtained by changing the frequency of the stimulus.Points yielding excitation and inhibition of the bladder are found scattered throughout the whole preoptic and hypothalamic area but points giving bladder contraction seem to be concentrated in the rostral parts of the diencephalon.
Species and Diversity of Arthropods in the Alfalfa Community

The kinds and numbers of arthropods associated with an alfalfa community in New York State were studied. For the whole alfalfa community (591 species), 72 percent of species represented a single species per genus. Single-species-per-genus percentages were not consistently higher for primary members of the alfalfa community comparcd with incidental members. Interspecific competition should have been more intense between primary than incidental members. The calculated species equatability index H' was observed to vary 3- to 4-fold during a season. A new equatability index (Ec) which has many advantages, was employed. The variability of the indices indicates that evenness is not buffered and that it varies in time and probably in space. The conclusion, however, was that neither the species-per-genus nor the species-equatability indices were adequate to describe the species and abundance relationships within the alfalfa community.
Amifostine for protection from antineoplastic drug toxicity

The mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage and administration of amifostine are reviewed. Amifostine is a prodrug converted by alkaline phosphatase to the active sulfhydryl compound WR-1065. WR-1065 protects normal cells by scavenging free radicals, donating hydrogen ions to free radicals, depleting oxygen, and binding to active derivatives of antineoplastic agents. The immediate conversion of amifostine to WR-1065, its small volume of distribution, and the limited amount of drug and metabolite recovered in the urine suggest that amifostine is rapidly dephosphorylated and enters cells as its active metabolite. The selectivity of amifostine for normal tissue is hypothesized to be a results of the decreased vascularity of tumors, decreased activity of alkaline phosphatase in tumor cells, and pH dependence of WR-1065 uptake. In clinical studies, amifostine decreased the frequency of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, and myelosuppression. Amifostine has demonstrated an ability to decrease the hematologic toxicity of cyclophosphamide, carboplatin, mitomycin, and antineoplastic drug combinations. Amifostine has FDA-approved labeling for use in reducing cumulative renal toxicity in patients receiving repeat doses of cisplatin for advanced ovarian cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer. The recommended dose in adults is 910 mg/m2 administered as a 15-minute infusion 30 minutes before the start of chemotherapy. The major adverse effects of amifostine include hypotension and emesis. The benefits of amifostine must be weighted against its potential adverse effects, and the drug's impact on the efficacy of antineoplastics should be further investigated. Amifostine has shown promise in protecting non-malignant cells from the toxic effects of antineoplastics, apparently without compromising toxicity against cancer cells.
Director configuration transitions of polyelectrolyte coated liquid-crystal droplets.

Liquid-crystal droplets are of great interest because of their large surface areas, rich phases, and tunable optical properties. The director configuration of liquid-crystal droplets provides a unique optical sign to detect the events occurring at the droplet surface. In this article, we report the alternating bipolar/radial configuration transitions of 4-n-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) droplets triggered by the layer-by-layer coating of negatively charged poly(styrenesulfonate sodium (PSS) and positively charged poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) on the droplet surface. The alternating configuration transitions are due to the interactions of the 5CB with polar versus nonpolar PDADMAC/PSS multilayer coatings. Furthermore, we find that the coating of PDADMAC/PSS multilayers makes the director configuration of the 5CB in the droplets sensitive to environmental salt concentrations.
Branded Worlds and Contracting Galaxies The Case of Star Wars Galaxies

This study examines, specifically, the production and destruction of the massively multiplayer online Star Wars Galaxies and, generally, the translation of old media brands into new media formats t...
Two Cheers for Brown v. Board of Education

My gratuitous opinion of Brown v. Board ofEducation (1954) is somewhat ambivalent and certainly arrives too late to alter the racial policies of the past fifty years. But for those of us who practice history, hindsight offers a far more reliable kind of wisdom than does foresight. We see clearly now that while the Brown decision informed the attitudes that have shaped contemporary American race relations, it did not resolve persistent disputes about the nation's civil rights policies. The Supreme Court's unanimous opinion in Brown broke decisively with the racist interpretations of traditional American values set forth in Scott v. Sandford (1857) and Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), offering instead the optimistic "American Creed" that Gunnar Myrdal saw as the solution to "the Negro problem."' Like the two earlier landmark decisions, Brown overestimated the extent of ideological consensus among Americans and soon exacerbated racial and regional conflicts instead of resolving them. The Court's ruling against school segregation encouraged African Americans to believe that the entire structure of white supremacy was illegitimate and legally vulnerable. But the civil rights struggles Brown inspired sought broader goals than the decision could deliver, and that gap fostered frustration and resentment among many black Americans. In short, the decision's virtues and limitations reflect both the achievements and the fail-
The Trustworthiness of Research: The Paradigm of CommunityBased Research

The authors - a scientist, a community activist, and a philosopher and former university administrator - describe issues of trust surrounding traditional versus community-based research. We draw on our experiences in a research collaboration that engendered trust, created sound scientific data, and made real social change. We describe GRASS (Grass Roots Activism, Sciences and Scholarship) Routes, an initiative we have undertaken to promote trustworthiness as a core virtue of research, researchers, and research institutions.
And Justice for All? Racial and Ethnic Sentencing Disparities in California’s Federal Drug Sentencing

This study uses data obtained from the United States Sentencing Commission for fiscal years 2003, 2007, and 2012 to examine racial and ethnic disparities in drug crime sentencing. The authors use linear regression to assess disparities in sentence length between African-American and white offenders and Latino and non-Latino offenders and a binary logistic regression model to assess black/white and Latino/non-Latino disparities in the odds of receiving a sentence below the range stipulated by the Federal Sentencing Guidelines.At the national level, the study found significant racial disparities that disadvantage African-American offenders in sentence length and odds of a below-range sentence. The study observed no disparities between African-American and white offenders in California for sentence length in 2003 or 2012, or for below-range odds in any of the three years. Nationally, ethnic disparities that disadvantaged Latino offenders were found in both sentence length and odds of a below-range sentence.In California, Latino offenders tended to receive longer sentences than others in 2003 and 2007 and had lower odds of a sentence below the guideline range in 2012. The years included in this study bracket the Supreme Court case, United States v. Booker, but we found no clear impact of the case with regard to racial or ethnic disparities in sentencing outcomes.
Phenoxybenzamine in Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction After Spinal Cord Injury. II. Autonomic Dysreflexia

AbstractPhenoxybenzamine blockade of the α receptor site can abolish the vascular and internal sphincter responses in patients with chronic recurrent autonomic dysreflexia associated with bladder filling or contraction. The life-threatening hypertensive response is suppressed by this medication. Therefore, the drug is a beneficial adjunct in the pharmacologic management of autonomic dysreflexia. When the drug is used patients can be maintained free of a catheter. The drug had no serious side effects at the dose regimen used. One particularly significant advantage is its long duration of action—patients occasionally can skip doses of medication and not suffer acute symptoms.
The Privacy Policy Paradox

There have been multiple studies exploring the content and efficacy of privacy policies. However, to date no one has examined them from the angle we are proposing for this study: to determine whether the presence of a privacy policy link on a website has any significant influence on one's willingness to disclose personal information. Our study intends to examine whether the link itself acts as a trust heuristic without testing a respondent's comprehension or opinion about the privacy policy itself. In this paper, we discuss a study currently in progress to examine this question.
Empirical power laws for the radii of gyration of protein oligomers.

The radius of gyration is a fundamental structural parameter that is particularly useful for describing polymers. It has been known since Flory's seminal work in the mid-20th century that polymers show a power-law dependence, where the radius of gyration is proportional to the number of residues raised to a power. The power-law exponent has been measured experimentally for denatured proteins and derived empirically for folded monomeric proteins using crystal structures. Here, the biological assemblies in the Protein Data Bank are surveyed to derive the power-law parameters for protein oligomers having degrees of oligomerization of 2–6 and 8. The power-law exponents for oligomers span a narrow range of 0.38–0.41, which is close to the value of 0.40 obtained for monomers. This result shows that protein oligomers exhibit essentially the same power-law behavior as monomers. A simple power-law formula is provided for estimating the oligomeric state from an experimental measurement of the radius of gyration. Several proteins in the Protein Data Bank are found to deviate substantially from power-law behavior by having an atypically large radius of gyration. Some of the outliers have highly elongated structures, such as coiled coils. For coiled coils, the radius of gyration does not follow a power law and instead scales linearly with the number of residues in the oligomer. Other outliers are proteins whose oligomeric state or quaternary structure is incorrectly annotated in the Protein Data Bank. The power laws could be used to identify such errors and help prevent them in future depositions.
Asymmetric Design Approach and Collision Avoidance Techniques For Room-scale Multiplayer Virtual Reality

Recent advances in consumer virtual reality (VR) technology have made it easy to accurately capture users' motions over room-sized areas allowing natural locomotion for navigation in VR. While this helps create a stronger match between proprioceptive information from human body movements for enhancing immersion and reducing motion sickness, it introduces a few challenges. Walking is only possible within virtual environments (VEs) that fit inside the boundaries of the tracked physical space which for most users is quite small. Within this space the potential for colliding with physical objects around the play area is high. Additionally, only limited haptic feedback is available. In this paper, I focus on the problem of variations in the size and shape of each user's tracked physical space for multiplayer interactions. As part of the constrained physical space problem, I also present an automated system for steering the user away from play area boundaries using Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS). In my thesis, I will build techniques to enable the system to intelligently apply redirection and GVS-based steering as users explore virtual environments of arbitrary sizes.
A Tool for the Quantitative Anthropology of Music: Use of the nPVI Equation to Analyze Rhythmic Variability within Long-term Historical Patterns in Music

The development of musical style across time and geography is of particular interest to historians and musicologists, yet quantitative evidence to support these trends has been lacking. This paper illustrates a novel application of the nPVI ('normalized pairwise variability index') equation to probe and quantify the rhythmic components of music over time. The nPVI equation quantifies the average difference between adjacent events in a sequence (e.g. musical notes in a melody, successive vowels in a spoken sentence). Building upon an earlier finding that German/Austrian composer nPVI values increased steadily from 1600 to 1950 (while Italian composers showed no such increase), the nPVI 'distribution' of themes from individual composers was quantitatively explored. Interestingly, the proportion of 'low nPVI' or 'Italianate' themes decreases rapidly with time while 'high nPVI' (more Germanic) themes concomitantly increase in frequency. 'Middle range nPVIs' exhibit a constant incidence, arguing for a replacement of 'low nPVIs' (Italianate) with 'high nPVIs' over a short time instead of a more modest, long-term progressive shift. Thus, the precise rhythmic components of complex stylistic shifts in music can be quantitatively extracted from music and support the historical record and theory.
Advances in Organic Aerosol Characterization: From Complex to Simple

ABSTRACT Air pollution is the “world largest single environmental health risk” (WHO, 2016). According to the World Health Organization, every year ambient air pollution leads to more than 3 million premature deaths, and 84% of the global population is exposed to atmospheric aerosol levels higher than the limits set to protect human health (WHO, 2016). One of the most abundant, and still less characterized components of atmospheric aerosol is organic aerosol (OA). In particular, OA sources, formation mechanisms, atmospheric ageing, and effects on climate and human health are still subject of research. OA is a mixture of thousands of chemical species, characterized by different physical, chemical, and toxicological properties. Such properties define the effects of OA, and particulate matter, on climate, air quality, and human health (Goldstein and Galbally, 2007). Traditional analytical techniques, based on the identification of single molecular species, describe only a limited fraction of OA mass, generally lower than 30% (Hallquist et al., 2009). During the last decade the use of bulk OA spectrometric analysis introduced simplified descriptions of OA. Such approaches depict OA as formed by a few components with different degrees of oxidation (Aerosol mass spectrometry - AMS) (Zhang et al., 2005), or as the sum of different organic functional groups, (Fourier transform infrared spectrometry - FTIR (Maria et al., 2003), or proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry - H-NMR (Decesari et al., 2007)).
Contributions of Applied Behavior Analysis to School-Based Mental Health Services in Rural Communities

Rural communities suffer from a lack of mental health services. Much of this need is covered by school-based mental health services. However, there are limits to the expertise and resources that are available in rural schools. The principles and procedures of applied behavior analysis can be used to help ameliorate many of the problems rural schools face through contributions to classroom interventions, school-wide programs, changing school personnel’s behavior, and changing parent behavior.
Challenges of peer instruction in an undergraduate student-led learning community: bi-directional diffusion as a crucial instructional process

Learning communities (LCs) can provide authentic, social learning experiences but require an extensive amount of time and effort to orchestrate, often more than instructors can provide in typical university courses. Extracurricular, undergraduate, student-led learning communities (SLLCs) overcome this cost through volunteer peer-instructors. Unfortunately, LCs theory is based exclusively on teacher-led LCs. Here we ask what instructional processes emerge in SLLCs? We conducted a qualitative case study of SLLC student leaders’ attempts to teach a project management practice (StandUp) to student innovation teams. We found that instruction in SLLCs takes the form of a bi-directional diffusion process, in which peer-instructors influence students’ decisions about what practices to participate in, and students influence peer-instructors’ decisions about advocating for practices. Three major findings support the bi-directional diffusion model. First, students’ participation in StandUp hinged on whether they saw the practice as valuable with respect to their social, learning, and/or performance goals. Second, peer-instructors struggled to persuade and scaffold students to participate in StandUp. Third, students influenced peer-instructors to stop advocating for StandUp. The bi-directional diffusion model highlights the practical importance of persuading students to participate in the community’s practices. The model suggests that we might support peer-instruction by promoting peer-instructors’ content knowledge about practices, their persuasion skills, and their motivation to advocate for practices.
Racial segregation and the limits of international undergraduate student diversity

AbstractThis study challenges the assertion that the influx of Asian international undergraduate students in universities across the United States creates richer educational and social environments. Drawing on qualitative research at a public university with a large number of Asian international students, this article examines how Asian American student leaders and their organization took on the difficult institutional task of actualizing the diversity of these new students in a racially segregated campus. We found that instead of viewing racial segregation practices as possibly tied to racial discrimination and privileges of normative whiteness, students expressed both support and resistance to Asian international students in race-neutral language of comfort and organizational differences that reflects the dominant ideology of colorblindness. We argue that any claims to the benefits of international student diversity must take serious account of colorblind racism and the experiences of racial marginaliza...
A quantitative comparison between SOX10 and MART-1 immunostaining to detect melanocytic hyperplasia in chronically sun-damaged skin.

Histologic differentiation of melanoma in situ (MIS) from solar keratosis on chronically sun-damaged skin is challenging. The first-line immunostain is usually MART-1/Melan-A, which can exaggerate the epidermal melanocytes, causing a diagnostic pitfall for MIS. By comparing MART-1 and SOX10 immunostaining, we scored the percentage of epidermal melanocytes per 2-mm diameter fields in pigmented actinic keratosis (n = 16), lichenoid keratosis (n = 7), junctional melanocytic nevus (n = 6), keratosis with atypical melanocytic proliferation (n = 17) and MIS (n = 10). These cases represented an older population (68 years median age) and the head and neck (50%) was the most common anatomic site. MART-1 score was significantly higher than SOX10 (P value <.05) in solar keratoses, but showed no difference in detecting melanocytic proliferations, demonstrating their equal detection rate of melanocytes. The sensitivity of both MART-1 and SOX10 was 100%, while their specificities were 17% and 96%, respectively. These results show that SOX10 is more specific than MART-1 in distinguishing epidermal melanocytes on sun-damaged skin by avoiding overdiagnosis of melanoma.
Polycentricity of urban watershed governance: Towards a methodological approach:

This paper makes an initial contribution towards building a polycentricity index to account for the governing of social–ecological systems. It develops three indices and an overall index, using an ...
RPA and RAD51: fork reversal, fork protection, and genome stability

Replication protein A (RPA) and RAD51 are DNA-binding proteins that help maintain genome stability during DNA replication. These proteins regulate nucleases, helicases, DNA translocases, and signaling proteins to control replication, repair, recombination, and the DNA damage response. Their different DNA-binding mechanisms, enzymatic activities, and binding partners provide unique functionalities that cooperate to ensure that the appropriate activities are deployed at the right time to overcome replication challenges. Here we review and discuss the latest discoveries of the mechanisms by which these proteins work to preserve genome stability, with a focus on their actions in fork reversal and fork protection.
Heterogeneity Between States in the Health and Economic Impact of Measles Immunization in the United States.

Background Vaccines have been used successfully for disease elimination programs in many countries. Evidence on the impact of vaccination programs can support decision-making among medical practitioners and policy makers to improve immunization rates. We estimated the health and economic impact of measles vaccination for each of the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia since 1964. Methods For each state, we fitted multiple time-series models to prevaccination data and used the best-fitting model to predict counterfactual cases that would have occurred in the absence of vaccination. We then subtracted observed from counterfactual measles cases, deaths, and related costs to estimate the impact of vaccination. Results We estimated that 149 million children were vaccinated against measles in the United States between 1964 and 2014, at a cost of $12.2 billion, and that vaccination prevented 29.8 million cases, 32 000 deaths, and $25.8 billion in societal costs. The impact exceeded the national average in 70% of Western and Northeastern states, compared with only 24% of Southern and Midwestern states. Conclusions The significant health and economic benefit of measles vaccination in the United States should encourage continued investments to sustain and expand vaccination programs globally.
Aproximación terapéutica a la epidemia de fibrilación auricular

La fibrilacion auricular es una enfermedad de caracter epidemico y representa la arritmia mas comun que un cardiologo puede encontrar en la practica clinica. Es una taquiarritmia supraventricular caracterizada por una activacion auricular incoordinada que conduce a un deterioro de la funcion mecanica auricular. Aunque a menudo esta asociada a la enfermedad cardiaca, la fibrilacion auricular ocurre en una gran proporcion de pacientes sin enfermedad detectable. Se puede afirmar que la mayoria de los individuos experimentara algun episodio de fibrilacion auricular a lo largo de su vida y debido a la morbilidad, la mortalidad y los costes asociados a esta arritmia, el American College of Cardiology (ACC), la American Heart Association (AHA) y la European Society of Cardiology (ESC) han creado un comite de expertos para establecer las directrices sobre el manejo de esta arritmia. Las recomendaciones establecidas por estos organismos se resumen de la siguiente manera:
Challenges to Criminal Labeling: Three Voices in American Popular Music

Criminal labeling is an important process in the typical modern hegemony, serving not only to name and marginalize selected criminals but also to underscore and rationalize the hegemony’s norms. In the contemporary United States, such labeling is especially harsh and reductive. It predictably involves the established criminal justice institutions—police departments, criminal courts, and prisons—and also a wide range of community spokesmen, political figures, and the mass media. Yet despite the hegemony’s apparent determination to criminally label individual men and women and also entire social groups and classes, many popular songs identify and sympathize with the people who have been labeled. Indeed, the criminals themselves are often the most winning voices in those songs’ lyrics. A consideration of three singer/songwriters and three popular songs from different genres reveals how these voices humanize the criminal, thereby problematizing the hegemony’s tendency to label criminals and to reify and then condemn crime. Overall, the selected voices from American popular music illustrate the role the popular arts might play in challenging the hegemony.
MATLAB/FLUENT Model for Studying the Uncertainty Quantification of Spent Nuclear Fuel Heat Transfer

A MATLAB tool that combines computational fluid dynamics with uncertainty quantification (UQ) applied to a two-dimensional FLUENT computational model to predict the heat transfer and the maximum te...
“Lots of Questions about ‘Fake News’”: How Public Libraries Have Addressed Media Literacy, 2016–2018

This exploratory research investigates how American public libraries have addressed the issue of media literacy in their communities from 2016 to 2018, including programs, partnerships, and other i...
Detection of arrhythmias in adult congenital heart disease patients with LINQTM implantable loop recorder.

Background Rhythm disorders are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD). Infrequent or asymptomatic arrhythmias may not be detected by routine monitoring. Implantable loop recorders (ILRs), such as the Reveal LINQTM , have been useful in long-term monitoring for arrhythmias in adults with cryptogenic stroke. Objective We propose the Reveal LINQTM will detect arrhythmias, not documented by other monitoring modalities, resulting in change in management in ACHD patients. Methods This is a single center retrospective review of Reveal LINQTM use in ACHD patients from 2014-2017. Medical records were reviewed to determine cardiac diagnosis, indication for implant, ILR findings, and changes in management. Results Twenty-two patients, median age 25 years, underwent ILR implantation. ILR findings resulted in change in management in nine (41%) patients. One-third (3/9) of the patients with clinically relevant events were asymptomatic. Patients with Fontan palliation had the highest number of pertinent positive events (57%). ACHD physiologic class D patients were more likely to have a positive finding (P = .034) compared to other physiologic classes. Majority (75%) of patients with positive events had arrhythmias documented on ILR which were not demonstrated on prior Holter/event monitors. Pertinent negative event occurred in one patient with Fontan palliation (5%) who had syncope corresponding to sinus rhythm. Conclusion ILRs are a useful adjunct for arrhythmia monitoring in the ACHD population with clinically relevant events in 41% of patients. A special consideration for ILRs could be made for high-risk asymptomatic patients.
Bridging Methodological Divides Between Macro- and Microresearch: Endogeneity and Methods for Panel Data:

Both macro- and micro-oriented researchers frequently use panel data where the outcome of interest is measured repeated times. Panel data support at least five different modeling frameworks (within...
Damage Control Resuscitation for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Life-threatening hemorrhage (LTH) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) remain the leading causes of preventable deaths in trauma. Damage control resuscitation (DCR) has become a highly popular treatment strategy for LTH. Although such a management strategy is well-established for LTH, alternative treatment strategies and management considerations should be applied to patients with concurrent severe TBI. As such, DCR prioritizing hypotensive resuscitation may be contraindicated in this setting. The presence of severe TBI, in addition to LTH, presents a unique clinical scenario in which providers should be well-versed. Severe TBI alone can contribute to widespread impairment of hemostasis, endothelial function, coagulation, and immune function. In the setting of LTH, severe TBI can even contribute to potentiation of the lethal triad—acidosis, coagulopathy, and hypothermia—in trauma. To improve patient outcomes, pre- and in-hospital care of patients with LTH and severe TBI requires avoiding hypoxia and hypotension to minimize secondary brain injury and optimizing intracranial hemodynamics. Although several resuscitative fluids and strategies exist, there is no consensus for the optimal resuscitative fluid for patients with severe TBI and LTH. Each strategy has its own benefits and limitations, which providers should consider. In recent years, several novel treatment agents, including valproic acid (VPA), have demonstrated great promise in improving outcomes in models of concurrent LTH and severe TBI. However, further testing of these strategies and exploration of additional treatment options for patients with LTH and severe TBI are warranted.
Posthurricane Salinity in an Impounded Coastal Wetland (Bayou Sauvage, Louisiana, U.S.A.)

ABSTRACT Keim, R.F.; Lemon, M.G.T., and Oakman, E.C., 2019. Posthurricane salinity in an impounded coastal wetland (Bayou Sauvage, Louisiana, U.S.A.). Journal of Coastal Research, 35(5), 1003–1009....
Olivier Assayas’ Memories of May

AbstractA member of the “post-May” generation, Olivier Assayas sketches an autobiographical bildungsroman narrative across the films L’Eau froide (1994) and Apres mai (2012), and the autobiographic...
Dynamic Right-Slanted Fonts Increase the Effectiveness of Promotional Retail Advertising

Abstract Retailers seek effective ways to communicate promotions to increase store traffic and drive purchases. We propose that right-slanted fonts which imply forward movement in their design may influence how consumers perceive and respond to advertised promotional events. Five controlled experiments demonstrate that promotions advertised with right-slanted fonts can increase consumers’ retailer visit and purchase intentions. A field experiment demonstrates that right-slanted fonts can increase consumers’ click through rate in email promotions. Right-slanted fonts are found to evoke dynamic mental imagery of the promotion moving forward in time and ending soon. Right-slanted fonts are shown to disproportionally influence the behavioral intentions of deal prone consumers who are more likely to experience anticipated inaction regret related to missing an advertised promotional offer. Relatedly, right-slanted fonts only appear to influence consumer behavioral intentions in the context of advertisements containing a promotional offer.
Horner Syndrome induced by toxoplasmosis infection in a patient with AIDS and disseminated herpes simplex virus.

Abstract Purpose This case report describes a case of Horner syndrome resulting from central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis in an immunocompromised patient. Horner Syndrome is a neurological condition characterized by unilateral miosis, ptosis with apparent enophthalmos, and anhidrosis due to inhibition of the sympathetic pathway. The ocular sympathetic pathway runs from the posterolateral hypothalamus to the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V1). Central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis infection is typically only seen in immunocompromised patients. To our knowledge, toxoplasmosis has never been reported as a cause of Horner syndrome. Observations A forty-four-year-old Caucasian male was admitted to the hospital for left upper extremity paresthesias, gait instability, and painful vesicular skin lesions, and Horner syndrome. Upon review, he had an 18-year history of HIV initially controlled on anti-retrovirals but had been lost to follow-up for several years until he developed severe headaches determined to be caused by Toxoplasmosis lesions in his brain. Over several months he was treated for the Toxoplasmosis but had poor adherence to medications. After subsequent admission and workup, we found multi-focal ring enhancing lesions on MRI in the basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, and internal capsule. We postulated that the hypothalamic lesion was the cause of his Horner syndrome. After treatment for both toxoplasmosis and HSV his Horner syndrome and other neurologic symptoms resolved. Conclusions and Importance This is the first reported case of Horner syndrome resulting from CNS toxoplasmosis. This case report and the accompanying questions provide an opportunity to review and explore the neuroanatomy and subtle symptomatic differences between various etiologies of Horner syndrome (primary, secondary, tertiary) in the context of a novel presentation. In conclusion, toxoplasmosis should be considered when investigating Horner syndrome in immunocompromised patients.