cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
5-Hydroxytryptaminergic control of red pigment-dispersing hormone release in the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator: effects of a 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitor and a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor blocker on 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced and iproniazid-induced red pigment dispersion.

Abstract The effects of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) uptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, and the 5-HT receptor blocker, LY53857, on red pigment migration induced by 5-HT and iproniazid in the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator , were determined. Fluoxetine potentiated and LY53857 antagonized (a) 5-HT- and iproniazid-induced red pigment dispersion in crabs kept on a white background, (b) the accelerated rate of red pigment dispersion that occurs in iproniazid-injected intact crabs transferred from a white to a black background, and (c) the decreased rate of red pigment concentration that occurs in ipronizaid-injected intact crabs transferred from a black to a white background. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that 5-HT triggers the release of red pigment-dispersing hormone in Uca pugilator .
Leadership and power in Nelson Mandela’s Long Walk to Freedom

Nelson Mandela’s Long Walk to Freedom analyzes the racial power conflict in South Africa, and Mandela’s own role as a leader in that struggle. Mandela saw the conflict in variable‐sum, not zero‐sum terms: it was in all sides’ interest to avoid civil war, but without risk‐taking leadership civil war was the likely outcome. Mandela employed several of the strategies for resolving variable‐sum (‘mixed‐motive’) conflict described in Thomas Schelling’s The Strategy of Conflict, including rendering oneself powerless to make further concessions and not pushing an opponent too far. But Mandela’s accomplishments also highlight the limitations of Schelling’s analysis, which minimizes the role of creative leadership in resolving conflict. The episode invites wider reflection on the nature of both leadership and power.
Application of neurophysiological techniques to toxicological problems: An overview

Abstract Neurophysiological techniques have proven important in neurotoxicology at all levels of organization of the nervous system—from the single ion channel in the nerve membrane to clinical evaluation of toxic exposure, from determining mechanisms of action to safety evaluation. In this overview, selected examples are provided to illustrate the general advantages and contributions of neurophysiological techniques in evaluating toxic effects and mechanisms of action both at the level of the single neuron and at the level of the whole organism. Other papers in this series emphasize (1) the use of neurophysiological techniques in evaluating a class of toxicants, i.e., the pyrethroids; (2) the use of a new physiological procedure, i.e., kindling, to evaluate toxic action; and (3) the use of evoked potentials to screen for toxicities and to determine which neural systems are affected by toxicants and in what way.
Integrating advanced visualization technology into the planetary Geoscience workflow

Recent advances in computer visualization have allowed us to develop new tools for analyzing the data gathered during planetary missions, which is important, since these data sets have grown exponentially in recent years to tens of terabytes in size. As part of the Advanced Visualization in Solar System Exploration and Research (ADVISER) project, we utilize several advanced visualization techniques created specifically with planetary image data in mind. The Geoviewer application allows real-time active stereo display of images, which in aggregate have billions of pixels. The ADVISER desktop application platform allows fast three-dimensional visualization of planetary images overlain on digital terrain models. Both applications include tools for easy data ingest and real-time analysis in a programmatic manner. Incorporation of these tools into our everyday scientific workflow has proved important for scientific analysis, discussion, and publication, and enabled effective and exciting educational activities for students from high school through graduate school.
Distributed Data Parallel Techniques for Content-Matching Intrusion Detection Systems

Content matching is a necessary component of any signature-based network Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These packet inspections typically require considerable delay often consuming more than 70% of the IDS processing time. Unfortunately, this delay becomes more significant as security policies and network speeds continue to increase. This paper introduces a new parallel IDS content matching technique that provides initial packet inspections with less delay. The technique distributes portions of a packet payload across an array of n processors, each responsible for scanning a smaller amount of original payload. Given this design, each processor has less data to inspect thus reducing the overall delay. Unlike similar parallel approaches, our technique ensures that security is maintained (no false negatives). Furthermore, the proposed parallel technique is shown to result in an initial match speed-up of approximately 1.25n using Snort (an open source IDS), actual IDS policies, and traffic traces - a significant improvement over current parallel techniques.
Azeotropic Distillation in a Middle Vessel Batch Column. 3. Model Validation

A dimensional time model of the middle vessel batch distillation column (MVC) is developed in the ABACUSS process modeling environment, and simulations are conducted to validate the theoretical insights developed for the operation of the MVC based on a warped time model of the MVC. The qualitative dynamics of the MVC operated in the presence of linear separation boundaries are validated via simulations conducted on the ternary azeotropic mixture of acetone, chloroform, and methanol. It is also shown via simulation that the separation results obtained from a column with significant but reasonable amounts of holdup on the trays are not significantly different from a column in which holdup in the trays is assumed to be negligible. Theoretical operating policies for separating the azeotrope of acetone and chloroform using benzene as a batch entrainer are also validated using the ABACUSS model. Finally, we explore the advantages and disadvantages of different feasible operating policies for separating a mixtur...
A generalization of a lemma of Abhyankar and Moh

Let k be a commutative ring with identity, let a'k[Xl,...,Xp]~ k[Zl,..., Zq] be a k-algebra homomorphism between two polynomial rings over k, and let h i be the image of Xi under afar i = 1, ... ,p. Assume that a is surjective (so that p >_ q) and the kernel of a can be generated by p - q elements, say, Then
Calcium and protein kinase C inhibit biosynthesis of Aplysia egg-laying hormone

Abstract Previous studies on the biosynthesis of the peptide egg-laying hormone (ELH) of Aplysia have suggested that the increase in cAMP levels associated with the initiation of a bag cell discharge stimulates ELH synthesis, whereas the calcium influx associated with the discharge inhibits it. This report provides additional documentation of the inhibitory role of calcium. Inhibition by the calcium ionophore A23187 was shown to be dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium. A23187 inhibited ELH synthesis and exposure to 0 Ca2+/2 mM EGTA medium stimulated it in bag cell somata surgically deprived of their sites of synaptic input. The tumor-promoting phorbol ester, TPA, inhibited ELH biosynthesis in a calcium-dependent fashion, whereas the non-tumor-promoting 4α-phorbol did not. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that calcium entry during bag cell discharge may inhibit ELH synthesis via activation of protein kinase C, thus counteracting the stimulation by cAMP early in the discharge. Such a mechanism could precisely regulate the production of ELH molecules to replace those lost by secretion.
Experiencing Psychological Processes and Understanding Their Implications

EBBTfW This article presents three classroom demonstrations designed to help instructors who would like to include some political psychology in their classes. All three demonstrations involve student participation and give the students direct experience with psychological processes relevant to political science. Specifically, I describe how I present the Stroop task, a priming task, and Tversky and Kahneman's Asian disease experiment in my own teaching. For each of the demonstrations, I give practical advice for classroom use, a short description of the psychological processes the demonstration illustrates, and a brief discussion of how those processes have been applied in political science.
Current-induced magnetic resonance phase imaging.

Electric current-induced phase alternations have been imaged by fast magnetic resonance image (MRI) technology. We measured the magnetic resonance phase images induced by pulsed current stimulation from a phantom and detected its sensitivity. The pulsed current-induced phase image demonstrated the feasibility to detect phase changes of the proton magnetic resonance signal that could mimic neuronal firing. At the present experimental setting, a magnetic field strength change of 1.7 +/- 0.3 nT can be detected. We also calculated the averaged value of the magnetic flux density BT parallel to B0 produced by electric current I inside the voxel as a function of the wire position. The results of the calculation were consistent with our observation that for the same experimental setting the current-induced phase change could vary with location of the wire inside the voxel. We discuss our findings in terms of possible direct MRI detection of neuronal activity.
Microheterogeneity of the carbohydrate group of Aspergillus oryzae α-amylase

Abstract α-Amylase from Aspergillus oryzae was purified by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. It appeared to be homogeneous by ultracentrifugation, electrophoresis, and ion-exchange chromatography, and contained glucosamine, mannose, galactose, arabinose, and xylose. Exhaustive proteolysis of the amylase yielded Ser · Asp(NH · Oligosaccharide) and Asp(NH · Oligosaccharide). By chromatography on Dowex 50-X2, the latter glycopeptide could be fractionated into several peaks, each having a different sugar composition. This implies a heterogeneity of the carbohydrate group of the α-amylase.
Using mean-squared error to assess visual image quality

Conclusions about the usefulness of mean-squared error for predicting visual image quality are presented in this paper. A standard imaging model was employed that consisted of: an object, point spread function, and noise. Deconvolved reconstructions were recovered from blurred and noisy measurements formed using this model. Additionally, image reconstructions were regularized by classical Fourier-domain filters. These post-processing steps generated the basic components of mean-squared error: bias and pixel-by-pixel noise variances. Several Fourier domain regularization filters were employed so that a broad range of bias/variance tradeoffs could be analyzed. Results given in this paper show that mean-squared error is a reliable indicator of visual image quality only when the images being compared have approximately equal bias/variance ratios.
Solvated NH5+ formed within ionized clusters of ammonia and ammonia-benzene

Abstract “Intramolecular” ion-molecule reactions follow electron impact ionization of neat cluster beams of ammonia and heteroclusters of ammonia-benzene. The resulting fragmentation patterns suggest extensive intramolecular rearrangements occurring within the excited, solvated cation. In addition to the “normal” protonation reaction yielding NH 4 + (NH 3 ) m ions, a new reaction occurs (only for m ≳ 4 clusters) forming a series of ions with m/z corresponding to solvated NH 5 + cations (similarly for the ND 3 system). The relative yield of the NH 5 + (NH 3 ) m ion product is much enhanced for a heterocluster beam of ammonia with benzene. This is rationalized on the basis of more efficient stabilization of the NH 3 -solvated NH 5 + by the benzene solvent molecules.
Urological cancer: Enzalutamide in metastatic CRPC-old dog, new tricks.

Two novel agents targeting the androgen receptor signalling axis, even after chemotherapy treatment, have been demonstrated to be effective in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Enzalutamide is the newest approved treatment that improves survival in this lethal and morbid disease.
Research and Application of Management System for Substation Asset Based on RFID

The smart grid promises a more efficient way of supplying and consuming energy. As an important part of smart grid, the electrical substation consists of many smart devices supported by the intelligent MIS integrated with the technology of internet of things (IoT). In this paper, we design an Intelligent Substation asset Management System (ISMS) based on RFID technology. ISMS includes two subsystems: Asset inventory query Management System (AIMS), asset Tracking Management System (ATMS). Moreover, we also propose a novel collision algorithm which can effectively address the intensive equipment recognition issue and a series of model for the asset inspection. The operation shows our solution can effectively sense the environmental object and monitor the substation assets.
Sperm Kinetics and Morphology Before and After Fractionation on Discontinuous Percoll Gradient for Sex Preselection: Computerized Analyses

The multiple-layer discontinuous Percoll density gradient centrifugation procedure is being used for gender selection and several reports suggested separation efficiencies of over 77%. The mechanism involved in the separation of X- and Y-bearing sperm using this method seems to be the difference in sperm head dimensions or motility but supporting data are inconsistent. The specific aims of the study were to evaluate the head dimensions of sperm at the upper and lower fractions after the 8-layer Percoll gradient procedure for sex preselection and to ascertain the kinematic parameters and tail lengths of sperm derived from the 2 separate Percoll fractions. Sperm cells were obtained from thawed donor specimens (N = 20) and were layered on top of the 8-layer discontinuous Percoll gradient, which ranged from 34 to 85% in increments of 7%. After centrifugation, the resuspended sperm cells derived from the upper and lower fractions of the Percoll gradient were analyzed on the Hamilton Thorn HTM-C analyzer for differences in sperm motility patterns and sperm head dimensions. Aliquots of sperm from the 2 fractions were fixed and stained using the Spermac stain, and the lengths of each sperm tail (N = 600) were measured on the HTM-C analyzer. Sperm derived from the bottom Percoll (X) fraction had a threefold higher (p .05). The results suggest that bottom (X) fraction sperm derived from the 8-layer discontinuous Percoll gradient for sex preselection have higher motility, progression, and hyperactivation when compared with top (Y) fraction sperm. The bottom (X) fraction sperm have greater longevity in motility and have shorter tails, supporting earlier hypotheses of sex differences in sperm parameters. However, the present data do not support observations of differences in sperm head dimensions in sperm processed for sex preselection, and an inference of a larger sperm due to more chromosome material originating from the X chromosome cannot be made.
A numerical model for the point contact of dissimilar materials considering tangential tractions

Abstract This paper presents a three-dimensional numerical model for the simulation of the contacts of elastically dissimilar materials. This model is based on the Boussinesq–Cerruti integral equations relating normal and tangential surface tractions to surface displacements and employs the static friction law to identify the onset of local micro-slip. An iterative conjugate gradient method (CGM) is utilized to determine the unknown contact and stick area efficiently and accurately with the assistance of the discrete convolution and fast Fourier transform (DC-FFT) algorithm. The model leads to the solutions of surface real contact and stick areas, pressure, tangential tractions, and the subsurface stress field. It is verified through the comparison of the numerical results with analytical solutions. Simulations are performed for a ball and half-space contact with the normal loading alone first, and then the results for the contact with increasing tangential loading are also presented. The effects of shear tractions on the contact area, the stick zone, pressure and the intensity of von-Mises stress are discussed.
Continuous monitoring of reactions that produce NADH and NADPH using immobilized luciferase and oxidoreductases from Beneckea harveyi.

Abstract Highly purified NADH and NADPH:FMN oxidoreductase and luciferase isolated from Beneckea harveyi have been immobilized to arylamine glass beads which were cemented to glass rods. The immobilized enzyme rods are stable, reuseable, and specific for either NADH or NADPH. These rods have been used to monitor reactions producing NADH or NADPH. Picomole levels of malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and hexokinase have been assayed using these rods. Glucose determination has been carried out using soluble hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the immobilized luciferase-oxidoreductase enzymes. Determination of ethanol concentrations as low as 0.0004% has been achieved with an immobilized alcohol dehydrogenase-NADH:FMN oxidoreductase-luciferase rod.
Communication among honey bees with field experience.

Abstract 1. (1) Bees readily learn the locations of consistently yielding food sources and their associated odour(s). 2. (2) Experienced bees require only the scent (s) of a familiar source for efficient recruitment to that location. 3. (3) Experienced bees which attend dancers are recruited to the source at which they had earlier success and not necessarily to locations indicated by the dance information. 4. (4) The conditioned responses of experienced bees can account for much of a colony's routine exploitation of crop sources.
Judgmental Biases Produced by Instructions to Disregard: The (Paradoxical) Case of Emotional Information

Two studies examined the consequences of instructing people to ignore emotionally charged information. Hypotheses were examined in the context of simulated juror decision making Results indicate that emotional information is more difficult to ignore than nonemotional information and that efforts to ignore such information can magnify its influence on related judgments. Thus, for participants exposed to emotionally charged incriminating evidence, the impact of this evidence was enhanced by instructions to disregard it. This paradoxical effect of disregard instructions was not observed for participants presented with otherwise equivalent, nonemotional evidence. Findings extend research on thought suppression and social judgment by suggesting that rebound effects may be more pronounced when information is emotional in nature. They also bridge a gap between the two literatures by suggesting that suppression-induced hyper accessibility of thoughts can lead to systematic biases not only in the quantity of cogni...
Using video cases to meet content and learning challenges in online courses

This paper presents an instructional technique, customised video case studies, which is particularly relevant for delivering complex, interdisciplinary content as part of an online management course. The conceptualisation, preparation and online delivery of video cases is discussed, along with potential pedagogical benefits and limitations.
Effects of acute and chronic protein intake on metabolism, appetite, and ghrelin during weight loss.

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of acute and chronic consumption of higher dietary protein on energy expenditure, macronutrient use, appetite, and appetite-regulating hormones during weight loss in women. Research Methods and Procedures: Thirty-eight women chronically consuming a 750 kcal/d energy-deficit diet with a protein content of 30% (higher protein-chronic diet, HP-CD, n = 21) or 18% (normal protein-chronic diet, NP-CD, n = 17) for 9 weeks were tested. On separate days, metabolic, appetite, and hormonal responses were measured over 4 hours when the women consumed a higher protein-acute meal (HP-AM) (30% of energy as protein) or a normal protein-acute meal (NP-AM) (18% of energy as protein). Results: With chronic diet groups combined, HP-AM led to lower respiratory exchange ratio (0.829 ± 0.005 vs. 0.843 ± 0.008; p < 0.05), lower carbohydrate oxidation (p < 0.05), and higher fat oxidation (p < 0.05) compared with NP-AM. HP-AM also led to reduced self-reported postprandial hunger (p < 0.001) and desire to eat (p < 0.001) and lower postprandial ghrelin (252 ± 16 vs. 274 ± 18 ng/mL · 240 minutes, p < 0.05) compared with NP-AM. No differences in postprandial energy expenditure (PPEE) occurred between meals. When combining acute meals, respiratory exchange ratio was lower (p < 0.05) and protein oxidation (p < 0.001) was higher in the HP-CD vs. NP-CD. An acute meal-by-chronic diet interaction was observed with PPEE such that HP-AM led to greater PPEE in the HP-CD vs. NP-CD (28.7 ± 2.7 vs. 19.9 ± 2.7 kcal/min for 195 minutes; p < 0.05). Conclusions: During weight loss, thermogenesis and protein use appear to be influenced by chronic protein intake, while appetite and ghrelin are more responsive to acute protein intake.
Manure collection and distribution on Wisconsin dairy farms.

Manure management plans require knowing the amount of manure produced, collected, and available for land-spreading. Whereas much information is available to calculate manure production, little is known about the types and amounts of manure actually collected on typical dairy farms. This study of 54 representative Wisconsin dairy farms showed significant regional, housing, and herd size differences in collection of manure from lactating cows (Bos taurus), dry cows, and heifers. Significantly (P < 0.05) less manure is collected in the hilly southwest (56% of total annual herd production) than in the undulating south central (72%) or the flat northeast (68%) regions. Collection of lactating cow manure is significantly (P < 0.05) lower from stanchion (66% of total annual production) than free-stall (89%) housing, and significant (P < 0.05) positive relationships were found between the number of lactating cows a farm keeps and the percentage manure collected. Average annual manure N (range of 116-846 kg N ha -1 ) and P (range of 24-158 kg P ha -1 ) loading rates in areas where manure goes uncollected was highest in unvegetated barnyards followed by vegetated and partially vegetated outside areas. Once uncollected manure was accounted for, average annual loading rates on cereal cropland ranged from 128 to 337 kg ha -1 of manure N, and from 45 to 139 kg ha -1 of manure P. Compared with adjacent cropland, the accumulation of uncollected manure has vastly increased soil test P, K, and organic matter levels in outside areas. Manure management on Wisconsin dairy farms with small to medium herds might require assistance in managing manure in outside confinement areas to reduce the risk of impairing surface and ground water quality.
Chemosensory responses of female Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) to cyclohexanone

Cyclohexanone, a naturally occurring component of male Asian elephant temporal gland secretion, was tested as a candidate elicitor of bioresponses from female Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Four female Asian elephants were presented with synthetic cyclohexanone samples during a standardized bioassay. Four types of bioresponses, some or all of which may be important in intersexual communication, were monitored: flehmen, palatal pit area contact, scrub, and check responses. Cyclohexanone evoked persistent responses of all bioresponse types by two females, moderate response by a third female, and very few responses by a relatively unresponsive female. The results suggest that cyclohexanone may provide chemical information about to females male elephants, particularly regarding their state of musth.
The United Nations system of command and control of peacekeeping operations

(1996). The United Nations system of command and control of peacekeeping operations. The International Spectator: Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 13-24.
Upper-mantle structure under the Arabian peninsula☆

Abstract The phase velocity of Rayleigh waves across the Arabian Peninsula has been measured for profiles SHI-HLW, JER-SHI in the northern part and SHI-AAE in the southern part of the peninsula. The phase velocities for the Arabian stable shelf are lower than those for the Canadian shield and higher than those for the Gulf coastal plain of the United States. Shear-velocity models obtained from the inversion of these experimental data show a pronounced low-velocity channel for S-waves which is found throughout the region with a velocity of S in the channel of 4.25–4.45 km/sec. The top of the channel is at 100–140 km depth. This structure differs from those under the Canadian shield and the Gulf Coast. Crustal thickness is 35 ± 8 km.
Factors associated with diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in older adults.

Summary Osteoporosis is often undiagnosed and untreated. We surveyed 1,830 adults and identified factors associated with osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment. Individuals with several risk factors, including older age, were not more likely to be diagnosed or treated. Measures should be taken to improve osteoporosis identification and treatment in high-risk patients.
Relation of Spatially Induced Brightness Changes to Test and Inducing Wavelengths

Spatial induction of brightness change was studied using chromatic-appearing test disks and inducing annuli of nearly equal luminance. Wavelengths of the disks and annuli were independently varied. Induction of brightness change depends mainly upon the luminance relationships; variation of stimulus wavelengths, as such, has little if any effect.
William Lazer: reflections on my career

Purpose – This paper seeks to record the author's personal reflections on his career as a marketing scholar.Design/methodology/approach – Personal reflections are provided in an autobiographical approach.Findings – The author's career as a student, teacher, and scholar are described in some detail.Originality/value – This paper records events and memories that might otherwise be forgotten. No other such account has been published of William Lazer's career.
Photodensitometry in the thin-layer chromatographic analysis of neutral lipids

Abstract A procedure for photodensitometric quantitation of thin-layer chromatograms is described which can give a complete analysis of a mixture of neutral lipids in a single chromatogram without the necessity for reference mixtures.
The major histocompatibility complex of the cynomolgus monkey. II. Polymorphism at three serologically defined loci and correlation of haplotypes with stimulation in MLC and skin graft survival

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the cynomolgus monkey has been further characterized by testing in population and family studies 50 new alloantisera along with previously characterized sera. This resulted in the redefinition of three of the original 21 CyLA specificities and the identification of 14 additional specificities. Genetic evidence for the existence of a third class I locus, designated CyLa-C, is presented together with evidence for the linkage of a locus-controlling allostimulation of mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) to this complex. The number of alleles assigned to the CyLA-A locus was increased from seven to 14, the B locus from six to ten, and the newly defined C locus was assigned six alleles. Haplotype and gene frequencies were counted from the family data and compared with estimates from the population. Several examples of linkage disequilibrium were noted, though this does not appear to be a pronounced feature of the system. One informative family was identified in which a recombination resulted in the segregation of the MLC response with CyLA-A thus, implying that this may be the homologue of the B locus of other primate systems. In addition to the linkage of an MLC locus to CyLA, further evidence that this is the cynomolgus MHC came from the effect of haplotype matching on the survival of skin grafts exchanged within families. An increase in the mean graft survival time was dependent upon the number of haplotypes matched. The organization and degree of polymorphism of the cynomolgus MHC was shown to be homologous to other primate systems, which should allow this species to serve as a substitute for the rhesus macaque as a genetically defined model in transplantation and immunology research.
Comparison of Zernike and Tchebichef Moments for Image Tampering Detection Sensitivity and Watermark Recovery

The main contribution of this paper is to present an empirical comparative study of Tchebichef and Zernike moments in image watermarking applications. In particular, we consider the case of moment-based watermarking schemes involving watermarks or their moments being hidden in the original image moments. Here, comparisons are in terms of higher image tampering sensitivity and better watermark extraction accuracy. We show that watermarks hidden in the low order Tchebichef moments of a given original image can be extracted and reconstructed with higher accuracy than in the case where they are rather hidden in the low order Zernike moments of the given image. We also show that the Tchebichef moments of a given image are more sensitive to intended or malicious image manipulations than its Zernike moments, and hence are more capable of detecting tampering performed on watermarked images during their transmission.
Problems And Paradigms: Metaphors and the role of genes in development

In describing the flawless regularity of developmental processes and the correlation between changes at certain genetic loci and changes in morphology, biologists frequently employ two metaphors: that genes 'control' development, and that genomes embody 'programs' for development. Although these metaphors have an admirable sharpness and punch, they lead, when taken literally, to highly distorted pictures of developmental processes. A more balanced, and useful, view of the role of genes in development is that they act as suppliers of the material needs of development and, in some instances, as context-dependent catalysts of cellular changes, rather than as 'controllers' of developmental progress and direction. The consequences of adopting this alternative view of development are discussed.
Computational High Pressure Science

High-pressure is a very powerful means for probing and modifying the structure and electronic properties of materials. The change in the atomic environment due to increasing electron density often results in structural instability (phase transition) and in unusual electronic properties such as supercoductivity. The task of theoretical calculation is to explain and predict the occurrence of these novel phenomena.
Normal reproductive function in InhBP/p120-deficient mice.

The inhibins are gonadal transforming growth factor β superfamily protein hormones that suppress pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesis. Recently, betaglycan and inhibin binding protein (InhBP/p120, also known as the product of immunoglobulin superfamily gene 1 [IGSF1]) were identified as candidate inhibin coreceptors, shedding light on the molecular basis of how inhibins may affect target cells. Activins, which are structurally related to the inhibins, act within the pituitary to stimulate FSH production. Betaglycan increases the affinity of inhibins for the activin type IIA (ACVR2) receptor, thereby blocking activin binding and signaling through this receptor. InhBP/p120 may not directly bind inhibins but may interact with the activin type IB receptor, ALK4, and participate in inhibin B's antagonism of activin signaling. To better understand the in vivo functions of InhBP/p120, we characterized the InhBP/p120 mRNAs and gene in mice and generated InhBP/p120 mutant mice by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. InhBP/p120 mutant male and female mice were viable and fertile. Moreover, they showed no alterations in FSH synthesis or secretion or in ovarian or testicular function. These data contribute to a growing body of evidence indicating that InhBP/p120 does not play an essential role in inhibin biology.
Towards the Stepwise Assembly of Molecular Borromean Rings. A Donor-Acceptor Ring-in-Ring Complex

The assembly of molecular Borromean Rings from con- stitutionally independent rings in a stepwise manner depends on the preparation of robust "ring-in-ring" complexes. The π-electron rich macrocycle bis-1,5-dinaphtho(50)crown-14 (1) is shown to form a donor-acceptor ring-in-ring complex with the π-electron poor cyclo- phane cyclobis(paraquat-4,4'-biphenylene) (2 4+ ) in solution. In the crystal superstructure of (1⊂2)·4PF6, CH···O interactions between the polyether loops of 1 and the bipyridinium units of 2 4+ could disfavor
Is antisocial personality disorder continuous or categorical? A taxometric analysis.

Background. Although the DSM-IV-TR is organized into discrete disorders, the question of whether a given disorder possesses a dimensional or a categorical latent structure is an empirical one that can be examined using taxometric methods. The objective of this study was to ascertain the latent structure of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Method. Participants were 1146 male offenders incarcerated in state prisons (n=569), or courtordered to residential drug treatment (n=577). Participants were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II) to assess ASPD symptoms ; they also completed the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4) ASPD scale. Taxometric analyses were performed to examine whether ASPD is underpinned by a discrete category or a dimensional construct. Results. Multiple taxometric procedures using two different sets of indicators provided no evidence that ASPD has a taxonic latent structure. Instead, the results were far more consistent with the proposition that ASPD exists on a continuum, regardless of whether it is assessed using a structured interview or a self-report measure. Conclusions. Evidence that ASPD is dimensional suggests that it is best studied using continuous measures and that dichotomizing individuals into ASPD versus non-ASPD groups will typically result in decreased statistical power. The findings are also consistent with a multifactorial etiology for ASPD and with recent attempts to conceptualize ASPD within the framework of extant dimensional models of personality.
Belief propagation over frequency selective fading channels

In this paper, we propose an iterative belief propagation (BP) based equalizer for frequency selective fading channels as an alternative to the typically used maximum a-posteriori (MAP), Viterbi, or soft output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) based equalizers. The proposed equalizer has a parallel structure unlike the trellis based equalizers and it is less complicated than the MAP equalizer. Via simulations we show that, over frequency selective fading channels, a BP based equalizer achieves the optimal maximum a-posteriori performance, even in the presence of the length 4 cycles. We also discuss the joint decoding of an outer error correcting code and the equalization of the frequency selective fading channel using a joint factor graph and a BP based equalizer.
Towards a Damage Tolerance Philosophy for Composite Materials and Structures

A damage-threshold/fail-safe approach is proposed to ensure that composite structures are both sufficiently durable for economy of operation, as well as adequately fail-safe or damage tolerant for flight safety. Matrix cracks are assumed to exist throughout the off-axis plies. Delamination onset is predicted using a strain energy release rate characterization. Delamination growth is accounted for in one of three ways: either analytically, using delamination growth laws in conjunction with strain energy release rate analyses incorporating delamination resistance curves; experimentally, using measured stiffness loss; or conservatively, assuming delamination onset corresponds to catastrophic delamination growth. Fail-safety is assessed by accounting for the accumulation of delaminations through the thickness. A tension fatigue life prediction for composite laminates is presented as a case study to illustrate how this approach may be implemented. Suggestions are made for applying the damage-threshold/fail-safe approach to compression fatigue, tension/compression fatigue, and compression strength following low velocity impact.
Blood group factors in women with choriocarcinoma as compared with those of their husbands

Abstract Comparison of the blood group factors in 28 patients with choriocarcinoma or related trophoblastic tumors with those of their husbands revealed no evidence of maternal immunization by the fetal tumor tissue.
Ebola hemorrhagic fever: a paradigm of multiorgan dysfunction

Ebola virus (EBOV) is a filamentous negative-strand RNA virus with a glycoprotein envelope and comprises four species, Zaire, Sudan, Ivory Coast and Reston. It is a highly lethal pathogen for humans as well as non-human primates, and has been responsible for numerous African epidemics of viral hemorrhagic fever over the past 29 years. There is also concern that EBOV might be used as an aerosol-transmitted bioterrorism agent. The syndrome of Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) is a paradigm of multiorgan dysfunction characterized by a macular rash, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), severe lymphocyte apoptosis, profound hypotension and a failed adaptive immune response to EBOV. Pathogenetic studies in non-human primates have shown that EHF stems from early EBOV infection of dendritic cells and that the DIC is associated with up-regulated tissue factor expression in EBOV-infected monocytes/macrophages and on microparticles released from these cells. Although there is no efficacious antiviral treatment...
Form factors of Ising spin and disorder fields on the Poincaré disc

Using recent results concerning form factors of certain scaling fields in the massive Dirac theory on the Poincare disc, we find expressions for the form factors of Ising spin and disorder fields in the massive Majorana theory on the Poincare disc. In particular, we verify that these recent results agree with the factorization properties of the fields in the Dirac theory representing tensor products of spin and of disorder fields in the Majorana theory.
Informatics in Radiology: Automated Web-based Graphical Dashboard for Radiology Operational Business Intelligence

Radiology departments today are faced with many challenges to improve operational efficiency, performance, and quality. Many organizations rely on antiquated, paper-based methods to review their historical performance and understand their operations. With increased workloads, geographically dispersed image acquisition and reading sites, and rapidly changing technologies, this approach is increasingly untenable. A Web-based dashboard was constructed to automate the extraction, processing, and display of indicators and thereby provide useful and current data for twice-monthly departmental operational meetings. The feasibility of extracting specific metrics from clinical information systems was evaluated as part of a longer-term effort to build a radiology business intelligence architecture. Operational data were extracted from clinical information systems and stored in a centralized data warehouse. Higher-level analytics were performed on the centralized data, a process that generated indicators in a dynamic Web-based graphical environment that proved valuable in discussion and root cause analysis. Results aggregated over a 24-month period since implementation suggest that this operational business intelligence reporting system has provided significant data for driving more effective management decisions to improve productivity, performance, and quality of service in the department.
The Risk of James–Stein and Lasso Shrinkage

This article compares the mean-squared error (or l2 risk) of ordinary least squares (OLS), James–Stein, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) shrinkage estimators in simple linear regression where the number of regressors is smaller than the sample size. We compare and contrast the known risk bounds for these estimators, which shows that neither James–Stein nor Lasso uniformly dominates the other. We investigate the finite sample risk using a simple simulation experiment. We find that the risk of Lasso estimation is particularly sensitive to coefficient parameterization, and for a significant portion of the parameter space Lasso has higher mean-squared error than OLS. This investigation suggests that there are potential pitfalls arising with Lasso estimation, and simulation studies need to be more attentive to careful exploration of the parameter space.
Cystic Mediastinal Thymic Lymphangioma Mimicking Echinococcal Cyst.

1498 Journal of Thoracic Oncology ® • Volume 10, Number 10, October 2015 An otherwise healthy 24-year-old woman presented to our hospital with 12 months of worsening dyspnea, left-sided pleuritic chest pain, nonproductive cough, and hoarseness. She denied weight changes, hemoptysis, and systemic infectious symptoms, such as fever, chills, and sweats. She was born and raised in a small town near Mexico City, Mexico, where she had frequent exposure to cats and dogs, and to farm animals, such as cows, goats, and sheep. Initial examination revealed an afebrile, hemodynamically stable woman with mild tachypnea and hoarseness. Pulmonary examination was notable for decreased breath sounds over the entire left chest. Computed tomography of her thorax demonstrated a large multicystic mass extending throughout the entire left hemithorax (Figs. 1–3). Given her exposure history and the appearance and location of the cystic mass, a presumptive diagnosis of pulmonary echinococcus was made, and she was started empirically on albendazole. An echinoccoccus IgG was sent, which was negative. She eventually underwent clamshell thoracotomy with intact removal of the cystic mass, which measured 15 cm × 12 cm × 8 cm (Fig. 4). Tissue histology revealed thymus attached to a multilocular cyst lined by CD31 and D2-40 staining cells, consistent with a cystic mediastinal thymic lymphangioma. There were no elements favoring a diagnosis of echinococcus. Lymphangiomas are congenital abnormalities of the lymphatic system and most typically arise in the head/neck and axillary regions, only rarely occurring in the mediastinum. Although the majority of cystic lymphangiomas are diagnosed in children under the age of 5 years, they are rarely incidental findings in adulthood. Furthermore, although most individuals with mediastinal lymphangiomas are asymptomatic, they can present with chest pain, cough, dysphagia, or dyspnea as
Cyclic Analysis of Fix-Ended Steel Beam-Columns

The paper describes an analytical model for theoretically predicting the inelastic cyclic behavior of fix-ended steel beam-columns subjected to one cycle of axial loading. The analysis is based on the hinge-by-hinge method used widely in the study of elastic-plastic behavior of steel structures. In this analysis, the solution of an elastic-plastic beam-column under cyclic and reversed loading is obtained as a sequence of elastic column solutions which follow the history of loading. Using this analytical procedure, closed form expressions are derived for axially loaded beam-columns with constant lateral loads. With these expressions, extensive numerical solutions are presented. Some of the results are compared with available tests on actual tubular beam-columns, providing the needed confirmation of the validity of the simple analytical model for practical use.
Reversible Photoinduced Reductive Elimination of H2 from the Nitrogenase Dihydride State, the E4(4H) Janus Intermediate

We recently demonstrated that N2 reduction by nitrogenase involves the obligatory release of one H2 per N2 reduced. These studies focus on the E4(4H) “Janus intermediate”, which has accumulated four reducing equivalents as two [Fe-H-Fe] bridging hydrides. E4(4H) is poised to bind and reduce N2 through reductive elimination (re) of the two hydrides as H2, coupled to the binding/reduction of N2. To obtain atomic-level details of the re activation process, we carried out in situ 450 nm photolysis of E4(4H) in an EPR cavity at temperatures below 20 K. ENDOR and EPR measurements show that photolysis generates a new FeMo-co state, denoted E4(2H)*, through the photoinduced re of the two bridging hydrides of E4(4H) as H2. During cryoannealing at temperatures above 175 K, E4(2H)* reverts to E4(4H) through the oxidative addition (oa) of the H2. The photolysis quantum yield is temperature invariant at liquid helium temperatures and shows a rather large kinetic isotope effect, KIE = 10. These observations imply that ...
Learning from the Crowd: The Feedback Value of Crowdfunding

The recent rise of crowdfunding begs the question of what unique value the crowd brings to entrepreneurs compared with sophisticated intermediaries. This paper proposes an answer to this question by focusing on the informational role of crowdfunding. I argue that a distinct role of crowdfunding is the provision of early feedback to entrepreneurs that facilitates their learning. Using a large dataset from Kickstarter, I first document that entrepreneurs adjust their expectations about their projects based on feedback from the crowd, and that such adjustments are stronger when entrepreneurs face higher uncertainty or when the crowd is more experienced. The crowd’s feedback affects entrepreneurs’ subsequent continuation decisions and project choices, and influences the aggregate entry pattern of future entrepreneurs on the platform. I then establish the learning advantage of crowdfunding leveraging the entry decisions of heterogeneous entrepreneurs. I show that, when crowdfunding becomes more costly relative to alternative financing (bank borrowing), entrepreneurs choosing crowdfunding shift to those that benefit particularly from early feedback, i.e., those facing high uncertainty or high fixed costs. These results suggest that crowdfunding is not merely a financing tool, but also a learning device that improves the information environment faced by entrepreneurs.
Advances in the development of a High Order, Viscous-Inviscid Interaction Solver

We present a high order viscous-inviscid interaction solver for aerodynamic flows. Our approach is based on a split formulation where the viscous and inviscid effects are solved in two different domains that overlap near solid walls or the wake centerline and are coupled using the equivalent mass transpiration proposed by Lighthill. Both the viscous and inviscid solvers are based on a high order Hybridized Discontinuous Galerkin scheme (HDG). In the case of the viscous solver, the mesh is extruded on the fly from the surface mesh using a normal scaling indicator δ, based on integrated boundary layer quantities, that is computed as part of the solution. Results will be presented to validate the coupled viscous-inviscid solver in a variety of cases using the Euler equations as well as the full potential equation as inviscid models.