cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Music Therapy and Wellness

Defining wellness can be challenging, because varying definitions exist and related terms such as “wellbeing” and “health” are used synonymously with “wellness.” Dr. Bill Hettler, cofounder of the National Wellness Institute (NWI), proposed six dimensions of wellness: emotional, occupational, physical, social, intellectual, and spiritual. In Hettler’s wellness model, each wellness category affects the others. The NWI defines wellness as “…an active process through which people become aware of, and make choices toward, a more successful existence.” Music therapists may address all six of the components of wellness. The American Music Therapy Association describes the use of wellness to meet the needs of individuals looking to “enhance quality of life, maximize well-being and potential, and increase self-awareness”. Although music itself is used extensively to encourage preventive practices that help one maintain wellness, music therapy, which involves evidence-based practices designed and implemented by a music therapist, can provide interventions to help one regain wellness. Unlike curative treatment philosophies found in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, or behavioral health centers, wellness-based music interventions function as a preventive therapy to avoid, delay, or manage symptoms that have shown to accompany a diagnosis, whether acquired or congenital, that may potentially affect an individual’s state of wellbeing. Populations benefitting from wellness based interventions include: caregivers, older adults, children, and working adults, for example. This chapter will describe the ways in which music therapists use evidence-based practices to enhance wellness for individuals of all ages in a variety of populations.
Werner Boote: Plastic Planet

This is a review of the DVD, Plastic Planet, directed and written by Werner Boote. It details existing and possible ramifications of the world's dependence on plastic products, including how it may be affecting human health. Werner Boote meets with various scientists and experts to discuss their research on the effects of plastics on the environment, our food chain, and our bodies in this entertaining, sensational, and investigative documentary.
Violence and Gangs: Gender Differences in Perceptions and Behavior

Most research on violence has focused on males, but recent studies indicatethat females are also involved in violent crimes. Few studies, to date,have examined whether different or similar models explain male and femaleinvolvement in violent behavior. In the current research, we examine therelative contribution of social bond, self-control and social learningconcepts to the explanation of male and female violent offending. We alsoexplore the unique contribution of gang membership, school environment andprior victimization to these explanatory models. Using a multisite sampleof eighth-grade students, we find that results of a Chow test indicate theneed for separate theoretical models. Despite some similarities, differentfactors account for male and female rates of violent behavior.
New Avenues of Cancer Treatment: Modulation of Host Antitumor Directed Immune Responses by IL-4 and IL-12 in Renal Cell Cancer

Immune cell infiltration in various tumors has been described in numerous reports over the past several years. Local as well as systemic anti-tumor directed immunity has been studied in the context of tumor progression and clinical prognosis (1,2). The host immune response elicited by human cancer includes various effector cells: natural killer cells (NK) cells, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), as well as basophils and eosinophils. The most convincing evidence supporting a beneficial and effective role of the host immune system in cancer has been the demonstration of MHC (major histocompatibility complex) restricted and tumor specific T-cells. This has been found only on occasion in patients with RCC (3–6). Spontaneous tumor regression, response to immunotherapy with interleukin-2, and/or passive immunotherapy by transferring in vitro expanded tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) may also lead to regression of renal cell cancer (7,8).
Augmentation of Petri Nets

The research into augmentation methods of Petri nets is motivated by the desire to improve control coding for error handling in automated systems [Zhou 89a]. In implemented automated manufacturing workstations or cells, an inordinate amount, up to 90% [Gini 83; Lee 83; Srinivas 78; Fielding 88] , of the control coding effort is dedicated to exception handling or automatic error recovery. At present, most of this coding effort occurs at the design stage. Engineers attempt to anticipate common errors and write the control code to handle them and to allow the system to automatically recover if feasible. Two undesirable outcomes are possible. First, in an effort to be thorough, routines are coded to handle errors which in fact do not occur during the lifetime of the program. Second, errors that have not been anticipated will inevitably occur when running the system and the code may have to be “patched” in order to handle future occurrences of the same errors. Changing the code after the design phase presents many potential software maintenance problems not the least of which is the possibility of the introduction of coding errors. The results in this chapter allows for augmenting, i.e., patching, the control code while minimizing the possibility of introducing new errors. This will provide for a coding strategy where only the most common errors are accounted for at system design stage and the remainder are treated as they occur while the system is running. Many errors will occur during the initial system burn-in and can be treated at that time. This may alleviate the first undesirable property.
Integration of the Human Patient Simulator into the Medical Student Curriculum

To date, the main educational thrust of anesthesia (human patient) simulators has been on learning and practice in the operating room environment. The utility of anesthesia simulators in medical practice outside the operating room is just recently being realized. The human patient simulator has a number of attributes that make it useful in teaching, and possibly evaluating, the skills necessary to care for the acutely ill patient. As critical care itself developed as an extension of the operating room environment, the use of simulation in critical care education is an expected evolution of this technology.
Flaw Classification Potential in Tubing with Guided Waves

Much work is being carried out today on inspection and flaw classification analysis in heat exchanger and steam generator tubing. Principal techniques include eddy current analysis and localized bulk longitudinal or shear wave analysis. This approach presented here considers the automated data evaluation of the guided wave technique in a way that an automated decision can be made about the condition of the tube.
A win–win for wildlife and ranching

Livestock production can pose challenges for populations of large wild mammals. Conservation failure isn’t a foregone conclusion, however, if integrated management for ranching and for wildlife benefits both.
Investigation of Enhanced Laser-Induced Breakdown (LIB) for Application in Highenergy Laser (HEL) Damage Mitigation

Internal components of optical imaging systems can be easily damaged by applying high-energy laser (HEL) pulses of sufficient intensity (>1 MW/cm2). These nanosecond-duration pulses occur faster than any mechanical shutter could block the incident laser light. Comparatively, plasma discharges of high electron density can be initiated in under one nanosecond, with lensing effects occurring at electron densities above 1016 cm−3 and absorption occurring at electron densities above 1019 cm−3. The phenomena of laser-induced breakdown (LIB) via multiphoton ionization can give rise to similar electron densities, and can be used to provide seed electrons to initiate avalanching within a region of applied electric field, leading to a glow discharge. Such a device would be inherently intensity-dependent; light above a certain intensity is required to initiate avalanching. A device is being developed that will employ the aforementioned effect to quickly (ns) trigger a glow discharge that can deflect or absorb these hazardous HEL pulses before damage can occur. Initial results to be presented include evidence of plasma-induced changes in refractive index of atmospheric air using both pulsed glow discharges and spark discharges, specifically magnitude and rise time. A ray-tracing model was used to corroborate these refractive index changes. In pursuit of prototype synthesis, an experimental setup has been constructed to investigate the effect of applied electric field strength on the maximum plasma lensing/absorption effect reached during and immediately after an Nd:YAG nanosecond laser pulse. Results and application feasibility are discussed, along with a supporting finite-difference model.
Identifying Peptide Structures with THz Spectroscopy

Short peptides composed of only a few amino acid residues are of great interest due to their biological activity and have also been shown to exhibit catalytic activity. Identifying their dynamic $3\mathbf{D}$ structure is quintessential for studying structure - activity relations. We present temperature-dependent THz spectroscopy of tetrameric peptide catalysts. These THz spectra, supported by DFT calculations, allow us to distinguish structural features of different peptides.
Blueberry cell wall fractionation, characterization and glycome profiling

Abstract Blueberry powder was sequentially fractionated to water (WSF), chelator (CSF) and sodium carbonate (NSF) soluble fractions. Uronic acid content was above 22 μg/mg AIS. The 4% potassium hydroxide (4KSF) and 24% potassium hydroxide (24KSF) soluble fractions were hemicellulose rich fractions. Cell wall glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) based glycome profiling analyses revealed that WSF, CSF and NSF fractions had epitopes of homogalacturonan (HG), arabinogalactan (AG), and xyloglucan (XG), but no xylan. 4KSF and 24KSF fractions had higher abundance of xyloglucan and xylan epitopes in addition to pectic epitopes. Arabinose and galactose were the two major neutral sugars in the WSF, CSF, and NSF. Xylose represented about 70 mol% neutral sugar in 4KSF and 24KSF fractions. Increased flexibility and presence of protein likely influence the propensity of pectin to bind anthocyanins.
Predicting translational progress in biomedical research.

Fundamental scientific advances can take decades to translate into improvements in human health. Shortening this interval would increase the rate at which scientific discoveries lead to successful treatment of human disease. One way to accomplish this would be to identify which advances in knowledge are most likely to translate into clinical research. Toward that end, we built a machine learning system that detects whether a paper is likely to be cited by a future clinical trial or guideline. Despite the noisiness of citation dynamics, as little as 2 years of postpublication data yield accurate predictions about a paper’s eventual citation by a clinical article (accuracy = 84%, F1 score = 0.56; compared to 19% accuracy by chance). We found that distinct knowledge flow trajectories are linked to papers that either succeed or fail to influence clinical research. Translational progress in biomedicine can therefore be assessed and predicted in real time based on information conveyed by the scientific community’s early reaction to a paper.
Clinical Approach to Acoustic Assessment

With appropriate knowledge, skills, and flexibility, an acoustic assessment can be successfully completed in children of all ages. A key element to this success is creating a comfortable environment and a rapport with the child, thereby encouraging elicitation of the child’s natural speaking voice. Deviations from standard assessment protocols used in adults may be necessary for children, and the clinician must carefully consider the potential impact of these variations. It is essential for the clinician to understand the fundamentals of the assessment tasks and analysis methods, as with this basis she can accurately interpret acoustic assessment results from a variety of elicitation methods.
Jump Start: Lessons Learned from a Mathematics Bridge Program for STEM Undergraduates.

The St. Maryâ€™s University Jump Start program for precalculus was implemented for the first time in August 2014 with the aim of helping incoming freshmen STEM majors start their degree programs on track. The audience for this program was students who did not place into calculus I. This two-week summer bridge program took place immediately before the beginning of the fall semester. The program consisted of a complete precalculus course taught to a primarily residential audience who arrived on campus early. Academically the first iteration of this program met with success by fine-tuning studentsâ€™ precalculus skills and allowing them to start their degree program on track with calculus I. The program completed its third iteration in August 2016, and although students performed well in Jump Start precalculus, results were mixed for the studentsâ€™ performance in the subsequent fall calculus I course. An unexpected and positive result of the Jump Start program each of the three years has been that the students have been able to acclimate more easily into college life. This paper offers a number of valuable lessons that have been learned about the summer bridge program as a whole, including reasons for the recent lack of success in the subsequent calculus I course, as well as suggestions to remedy this problem going forward.
Surgical Intervention of Periocular Infantile Hemangiomas in the Era of β-Blockers.

Purpose To examine the role of adjuvant surgical resection of infantile hemangiomas after systemic β-blocker therapy. Methods This is a multicentered retrospective study. Standard protocol for oral propranolol was employed by the referring physicians. Ocular indications for surgery included ptosis obstructing the visual axis, high degrees of astigmatism causing amblyopia, or disfigurement from residual tumor. Patients underwent complete excision or debulking. Results Eleven girls and 4 boys were surgically treated with mean operative age of 34.4 months. Patients were followed for a mean of 19.6 months after surgery. Four patients required surgical treatment due to an inability to tolerate medical therapy secondary to drug-related side effects (including bradycardia). The other 11 patients proceeded to surgery due to residual eyelid and orbital lesions despite medical treatment. All 15 patients underwent orbitotomy for residual hemangioma excision. Four patients also underwent simultaneous levator advancement at the time of excision. In all cases, there was resolution of ptosis with clearing of the visual axis. No complications were incurred during the surgical treatment and there were no hemangioma recurrences. Conclusions This is the first study to report surgical management of periocular infantile hemangiomas recalcitrant to standard therapy in the β-blocker era. In patients with infantile hemangioma who have failed medical therapy, adjuvant surgical treatment still plays an important role. For patients with persistent tumor causing ocular sequelae, surgical intervention aimed at soft tissue debulking and ptosis repair can be successful in achieving excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes with minimal side effects.For patients with periocular infantile hemangiomas with residual soft tissue deformity following propranolol therapy, surgical treatment plays an important role in improving functional and cosmetic outcomes with minimal side effects.
Magnetic Fields of Current Monopoles

Neuronal current sources are usually modelled as dipole or higher-order current terms. The assumption of dipolar behaviour is valid when the observation distance is many times greater than the source size and the sensing device (eg. SQUID coil) tends to low-pass filter the magnetic field characteristics. As smaller sensors become available, assumptions implicit in dipole sources may not be satisified and more accurate source models would be required (Wikswo and Roth, 1988). In addition, the common practice of neglecting fields arising from volume currents may not be desirable if the volume current fields can provide additional information to aid in source localization (Ilmoniemi et al., 1985).
Why I Stay - The Other Side of Underrepresentation in Academia.

Why I Stay Many underrepresented-minority physicians have left academic medicine because they felt invisible and voiceless, lacked mentorship and support, and faced microaggressions. But some have ...
Securing SNAREs for assembly

SNARE proteins are essential for exocytosis, mediating the fusion of vesicles with their target membrane. Tethering factors play a key role in chaperoning SNARE assembly; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well-understood. Here, Travis et al. report two crystal structures of a yeast tethering factor, the Dsl1 complex, bound with two SNARE proteins, revealing new insights into how tethering factors bridge vesicles to target membranes, recruit multiple SNARE proteins, trigger their conformational changes, and facilitate SNARE assembly.
Uniform and Stable Aerosol Jet Printing of Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Transistors by Ink Temperature Control

Semiconducting carbon nanotube (CNT) networks exhibit electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties attractive for thin-film applications, and printing allows for scalable and economically favorable fabrication of CNT thin-film transistors (TFTs). However, device-to-device variation of printed CNT-TFTs remains a concern, which largely stems from variations in printed CNT thin-film morphology and resulting properties. In this work, we overcome the challenges associated with printing uniformity and demonstrate an aerosol jet printing process that yields devices exhibiting a hole mobility of μh = 12.5 cm2/V·s with a relative standard deviation as small as 4% (from over 38 devices). The enabling factors of such high uniformity include control of the CNT ink bath temperature during printing, ink formulation with nonvolatile and viscosifying additives, and a thermal treatment for polymer removal. It is discovered that a low CNT ink temperature benefits aerosol jet printing uniformity and stability in both short-term (∼1 min) and long-term (∼1 h) printing settings. These findings shed light on the effect of a commonly overlooked dimension of CNT aerosol jet printing and provide a practical strategy for large-scale, high-consistency realization of CNT-TFTs.
Protein-Protein Interactions Shape Genomic Autoimmunity in the Adaptively-Evolving Rhino-Deadlock-Cutoff (RDC) Complex

ABSTRACT The piRNA pathway is a genomic defense system that controls the movement of transposable elements (TEs) through transcriptional and post-transcriptional silencing. While TE defense is critical to ensuring germline genome integrity, it is equally critical that the piRNA pathway avoids autoimmunity in the form of silencing host genes. Ongoing cycles of selection for expanded control of invading TEs, followed by selection for increased specificity to reduce impacts on host genes, are proposed to explain the frequent signatures of adaptive evolution among piRNA pathway proteins. However, empirical tests of this model remain limited, particularly with regards to selection against genomic autoimmunity. I examined three adaptively evolving piRNA proteins, Rhino, Deadlock and Cutoff, for evidence of interspecific divergence in autoimmunity between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans. I tested a key prediction of the autoimmunity hypothesis: that foreign heterospecific piRNA proteins will exhibit enhanced autoimmunity, due to the absence of historical selection against off-target effects. Consistent with this prediction, full-length D. simulans Cutoff, as well as the D. simulans hinge domain of Rhino, exhibit expanded regulation of D. melanogaster genes. I further demonstrate that this autoimmunity is dependent on known incompatibilities between D. simulans proteins or domains and their interacting partners in D. melanogaster. My observations reveal that the same protein-protein interaction domains that are interfaces of adaptive evolution in Rhino and Cutoff also determine their potential for autoimmunity.
A customized graph neural network model for guiding analog IC placement

Analog IC placement is typically a manual process that requires strong experience and trial-and-error iterations as it produces a large impact to circuit performance in a complicated manner. Although automatic analog placement has been studied for decades, existing methods are inadequate for achieving performance comparable with manual designs. In this work, a customized graph neural network model is developed for predicting the impact of placement on circuit performance. Knowledge obtained by such a model can be transferred among different topologies of the same circuit type. Simulation results show that the proposed model is superior to a recent CNN-based work in terms of both accuracy and knowledge transfer. It also outperforms a plug-in use of graph attention network. The proposed model is further applied in analog IC placement and achieves performance similar to manual designs.
Diagnosis and Management of the Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS): What Do We Know Today?

The cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) are usually caused by heterozygous NLRP3 gene variants, resulting in excessive inflammasome activation with subsequent overproduction of interleukin (IL)-1β. The CAPS spectrum includes mild, moderate, and severe phenotypes. The mild phenotype is called familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS), the moderate phenotype is also known as Muckle–Wells syndrome (MWS), and the neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID)/chronic infantile neurologic cutaneous articular syndrome (CINCA) describes the severe phenotype. The CAPS phenotypes display unspecific and unique clinical signs. Dermatologic, musculoskeletal, ocular, otologic, and neurologic disease symptoms combined with chronic systemic inflammation are characteristic. Nevertheless, making the CAPS diagnosis is challenging as several patients show a heterogeneous multi-system clinical presentation and the spectrum of genetic variants is growing. Somatic mosaicisms and low-penetrance variants lead to atypical clinical symptoms and disease courses. To avoid morbidity and to reduce mortality, early diagnosis is crucial, and a targeted anti-IL-1 therapy should be started as soon as possible. Furthermore, continuous and precise monitoring of disease activity, organ damage, and health-related quality of life is important. This review summarizes the current evidence in diagnosis and management of patients with CAPS.
Race, Pharmogenomics, and Marketing: Putting BiDil in Context

This article endeavors to place into context recent developments surrounding the United States Food and Drug Administration recent approval of BiDil (isosorbide dintrate/hydralazine hydrochloride) (NitroMed, Inc., Lexington, MA) as the first ever race-specific drug – in this case to treat heart failure in African Americans. It focuses in particular on both commercial incentives and statistical manipulation of medical data as framing the drive to bring BiDil to market as a race-specific drug. In current discourse about pharmacogenomics, targeting a racial audience is perceived as necessary because at this point the technology and resources do not exist to scan efficiently every individual’s genetic profile. The article argues that medical researchers may say they are using as a surrogate to target biology in drug development, but corporations are using biology as a surrogate to target race in drug marketing. Pharmacogenomics may hold great promise, but on our way to that Promised Land, it is important to review such short cuts with a critical eye.
Chordoma: 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI imaging features.

Examine the 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI imaging characteristics of chordoma. Biopsy-proven chordoma with a pre-therapy 18F-FDG PET/CT from 2001 through 2019 in patients > 18 years old were retrospectively reviewed. Multiple PET/CT and MRI imaging parameters were assessed. A total of 23 chordoma patients were included (16 M, 7 F; average age of 60.1 ± 13.0 years) with comparative MRI available in 22 cases. This included 13 sacrococcygeal, 9 mobile spine, and one clival lesions. On 18F-FDG PET/CT, chordomas demonstrated an average SUVmax of 5.8 ± 3.7, average metabolic tumor volume (MTV) of 160.2 ± 263.8 cm3, and average total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of 542.6 ± 1210 g. All demonstrated heterogeneous FDG activity. On MRI, chordomas were predominantly T2 hyperintense (22/22) and T1 isointense (18/22), contained small foci of T1 hyperintensity (17/22), and demonstrated heterogeneous enhancement (14/20). There were no statistically significant associations found between 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI imaging features. There was no relationship of SUVmax (p = 0.53), MTV (p = 0.47), TLG (p = 0.48), maximal dimension (p = 0.92), or volume (p = 0.45) to the development of recurrent or metastatic disease which occurred in 6/22 patients over a mean follow-up duration of 4.1 ± 2.0 years. On 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging, chordomas demonstrate moderate, heterogeneous FDG uptake. Predominant T2 hyperintensity and small foci of internal increased T1 signal are common on MRI. The inherent FDG avidity of chordomas suggests that 18F-FDG PET/CT may be a useful modality for staging, evaluating treatment response, and assessing for recurrent or metastatic disease.
Arabinogalactan glycoprotein dynamics during the progamic phase in the tomato pistil.

Pistil AGPs display dynamic localization patterns in response to fertilization in tomato. SlyFLA9 (Solyc07g065540.1) is a chimeric Fasciclin-like AGP with enriched expression in the ovary, suggesting a potential function during pollen–pistil interaction. During fertilization, the male gametes are delivered by pollen tubes to receptive ovules, deeply embedded in the sporophytic tissues of the pistil. Arabinogalactan glycoproteins (AGPs) are a diverse family of highly glycosylated, secreted proteins which have been widely implicated in plant reproduction, particularly within the pistil. Though tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important crop requiring successful fertilization for production, the molecular basis of this event remains understudied. Here we explore the spatiotemporal localization of AGPs in the mature tomato pistil before and after fertilization. Using histological techniques to detect AGP sugar moieties, we found that accumulation of AGPs correlated with the maturation of the stigma and we identified an AGP subpopulation restricted to the micropyle that was no longer visible upon fertilization. To identify candidate pistil AGP genes, we used an RNA-sequencing approach to catalog gene expression in functionally distinct subsections of the mature tomato pistil (the stigma, apical and basal style and ovary) as well as pollen and pollen tubes. Of 161 predicted AGP and AGP-like proteins encoded in the tomato genome, we identified four genes with specifically enriched expression in reproductive tissues. We further validated expression of two of these, a Fasciclin-like AGP (SlyFLA9, Solyc07g065540.1) and a novel hybrid AGP (SlyHAE, Solyc09g075580.1). Using in situ hybridization, we also found SlyFLA9 was expressed in the integuments of the ovule and the pericarp. Additionally, differential expression analyses of the pistil transcriptome revealed previously unreported genes with enriched expression in each subsection of the mature pistil, setting the foundation for future functional studies.
Active Gap Filling and Island Constraint in Processing the Mandarin “Gap-Type” Topic Structure

There is a long-standing debate concerning whether Mandarin topic constructions are movement-derived and form a filler-gap dependency like the English-type topicalization. This ERP study explores this issue by testing whether island constraints, a diagnostic for movement, are actively observed during online processing of the Mandarin “gap-type” topic construction, an understudied area in Mandarin sentence processing research. Following the paradigm of Traxler and Pickering (1996), we manipulated islandhood (relative clause island conditions vs. no island conditions) and plausibility, or whether the topic is a plausible object of the potential subcategorizing verb based on animacy fit (i.e., “greet a teacher’ vs. “greet a file”) in a 2×2 design. We predict that any plausibility effect obtained for the non-island conditions would disappear for the island conditions if the parser observes the island constraint and avoids positing gaps inside an island. we observed a P600-previously found for animacy violations-for the non-island conditions but not for the island conditions. Additionally, we found a positive-going component occurring from 588ms-792ms at the fronto-central site for the island condition at the potential gap site. While this novel ERP’s interpretation is yet to be determined, it is unlikely to indicate any plausibility effect. Our findings suggest that the parser is sensitive to island constraints in online processing of the Mandarin "Gap-type" topic structure, and lend support to the movement analysis for Mandarin topicalization.
High-Risk Mantle Cell Lymphoma in the Era of Novel Agents.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a heterogenous disease with a variety of morphologic and genetic features, some of which are associated with high risk disease. Here we critically analyze the current state of the understanding of MCL’s biology and its implications in therapy, with a focus on chemotherapy-free and targeted therapy regimens. Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, defined by a hallmark chromosomal translocation t(11;14) which leads to constitutive expression of cyclin D1. Recent discoveries in the biology of MCL have identified a number of factors, including TP53 mutations and complex karyotype, that lead to unresponsiveness to traditional chemoimmunotherapy and poor outcomes. Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors, BH3-mimetics and other novel agents thwart survival of the neoplastic B-cells in a manner independent of high-risk mutations and have shown promising activity in relapsed/refractory MCL. These therapies are being investigated in the frontline setting, while optimal responses to chemotherapy-free regimens, particularly in high-risk disease, might require combination approaches. High-risk MCL does not respond well to chemoimmunotherapy. Targeted agents are highly active in the relapsed refractory setting and show promise in high-risk disease. Novel approaches may soon replace the current standard of care in both relapsed and frontline settings.
Lagrangian Reconstruction to Extract Small Scale Salinity Variability From SMAP Observations

This study has been developed in the framework of the (Sub)mesoscale Salinity Variability at Fronts project (NNX17AK04G) funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/12830 (Barcelo‐Llull et al., 2020). During the revision of the manuscript, Barbara Barcelo‐Llull was working at IMEDEA (CSIC‐UIB, Spain) in the framework of the EuroSea project that has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 862626.
MDM2, MDMX, and p73 regulate cell-cycle progression in the absence of wild-type p53.

The p53 tumor suppressor protein, known to be critically important in several processes including cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, is highly regulated by multiple mechanisms, most certifiably the Murine Double Minute 2–Murine Double Minute X (MDM2–MDMX) heterodimer. The role of MDM2–MDMX in cell-cycle regulation through inhibition of p53 has been well established. Here we report that in cells either lacking p53 or expressing certain tumor-derived mutant forms of p53, loss of endogenous MDM2 or MDMX, or inhibition of E3 ligase activity of the heterocomplex, causes cell-cycle arrest. This arrest is correlated with a reduction in E2F1, E2F3, and p73 levels. Remarkably, direct ablation of endogenous p73 produces a similar effect on the cell cycle and the expression of certain E2F family members at both protein and messenger RNA levels. These data suggest that MDM2 and MDMX, working at least in part as a heterocomplex, may play a p53-independent role in maintaining cell-cycle progression by promoting the activity of E2F family members as well as p73, making them a potential target of interest in cancers lacking wild-type p53.
Choosing and Preparing Antigen-Presenting Cells

The first issue in selecting a system for antigen-presentation experiments is to define the appropriate type of antigen-presenting cell (APC) to study. For some experiments, crude preparations such as splenocytes or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may suffice to provide APC function for stimulating T cells. This unit develops approaches for preparation of more defined APC populations, including dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and B lymphocytes, the three types of "professional" APC. Each of these cell types exists in different stages of differentiation, maturation, and activation, or in some cases different lineages. For example, dendritic cells may be divided into subsets, including myeloid DCs (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). Each APC type has an important antigen-presentation function, although they contribute to different aspects of the immune response. Therefore, selection of an APC type for study must include consideration of the stage or aspect of immune response that is to be modeled in the experiment.
Socio-technical factors of practice transmission in an online creative tool community

Digital artists using modular visual production environments can now create highly customized creative tools such as virtual musical instruments, as well as readily sharing and reusing such tools. Aspects of this process both impede and support practice learning. This poster describes an ongoing case study analyzing the socio-technical factors influencing development and transmission of practice and informal learning within one example community, the users of Native Instrument's Reaktor™ software.
A Component-Based Architecture for Adaptive, Collaborative Web-Based Learning

The limitations of current Internet-based learning systems (e.g., their inability to deal with diverse learners and requirements and the high cost of developing a new learning system) have lead to educational middleware that can handle diverse requirements and various learning components distributed over the Internet. Following the paradigm of component-oriented development we have designed a learning middleware suite, called the Collaborative and Sharable Learning (CoSL) system. CoSL is both a platform for building e-learning systems and a tool set for making it easier to develop course materials for e-learning. The CoSL system is context-independent so that its adaptation to a specific topic can be achieved with limited effort and time. To meet the challenging requirements of learning systems, the CoSL system has adopted three advanced techniques: (1) XML-based data exchange and integration, (2) agent-based communication and (3) data mining-based intelligent decision making. CoSL allows us to build and manage global learning systems in a distributed and heterogeneous environment.
Growth of net-shape PMN-PT single crystal components by fused deposition of ceramics (FDC) and templated grain growth (TGG) techniques

The net-shape capabilities of Fused Deposition of Ceramics (FDC) and the cost efficient growth technique of templated grain growth (TGG) have been combined to fabricate single crystal Pb(Mg/sub 1/3/Nb/sub 2/3/)O/sub 3/-PbTiO/sub 3/ (PMN-PT) components. PMN-PT (65/35) filament containing excess lead oxide (PbO) was used to fabricate a matrix layer-by-layer via FDC. SrTiO/sub 3/ (111) and (110) single crystals were embedded into the matrix. After heat treatment of 1250/spl deg/C for 10 hours, the growth was approximately 2.5 mm from the SrTiO/sub 3/ (111) single crystal to the tip of the grown area. The same process was used to grow (110) PMN-PT single crystals as well. X-ray diffraction and x-ray mapping studies have shown that the grown crystals closely match the PMN-PT (65/35) composition, and are oriented in the SrTiO/sub 3/ single crystal direction. As compared to matrix samples sintered under the same conditions, the d/sub 33/ value improved from 390 to 600 pC/N, dielectric constant from 2650 to /spl sim/4500, and the loss tangent from 0.48% to 0.33% for (111) grown crystals. The (110) grown crystal values were improved to d/sub 33/ = 900 pC/N and K /spl sim/ 4450. These techniques are being used to grow net-shape single crystal components such as 2-2 composites and spiral actuators.
The Influence of Nonautonomous P Elements on Hybrid Dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster

An inbred line of the M' strain Muller-5 Birmingham was studied for its abilities to affect P-M hybrid dysgenesis. This strain possesses 57 P elements, all of which are apparently defective in the production of the P transposase. In combination with transposase-producing elements, these nonautonomous elements can enhance or diminish the incidence of hybrid dysgenesis, depending on the trait that is studied. Dysgenic flies that have one or more paternally-derived chromosomes with these elements partially repress the instability of the P element insertion mutation, snw; however, such flies have elevated frequencies of another dysgenic trait, GD sterility, and also show distorted segregation ratios. An explanation is presented in which all of these phenomena are unified as manifestations of the kinetics of P element activation in the germ line. The progeny of Muller-5 Birmingham females exhibit partial repression of both snw instability and GD sterility. This repression appears to involve a factor that can be transmitted maternally through at least two generations. This mode of repression therefore conforms to the pattern of inheritance of the P cytotype, the condition that brings about nearly total repression of P element activity in some strains. Models in which this repression could arise from the nonautonomous P elements of Muller-5 Birmingham are discussed.
Origin of lead in the United States diet.

We report 208 Pb/ 207 Pb and 206 Pb/ 207 Pb ratios for 1001 duplicate diets collected from mothers and children, 1304 samples of house dust and hand wipes, and 64 samples of aerosols that were taken in Omaha, Nebraska, during the period from 1990 to 1997. A plot of 208 Pb/ 207 Pb versus 206 Pb/ 207 Pb for the dust and hand wipes indicates that they contain lead from ores mined in Idaho, Missouri, and Mexico. The absence of lead from Utah suggests that this mixture is not representative of the whole country. The lead in the aerosols has a narrower range of isotope ratios and resembles aerosols collected elsewhere in the United States. Most dietary collections contain a large component of house dust. Some, especially those from infants, are dominated by uranogenic lead with high 206 Pb/ 207 Pb ratios. Its source is taken to be calcium-supplemented food where the calcium is derived from limestone. Another source of lead is thorogenic and is ascribed to lead in tin coatings. Agricultural lead, whether from soil (estimated from recently published analyses of sedimentary materials), fertilizer, or agricultural lime, could not be unambiguously identified in the diets. Lead derived from aerosols, if present at all, is insignificant.
Plötzlicher Tod bei asiatischer Grippe

Ein eigenartiger seit etwa 25 Jahren in dieser Form nicht mehr beobachteter Belag der unteren Luftrohre und ihrer Aste von bleigrauer Farbe erwies sich bei Grippetodesfallen des Herbstes 1957 als ein geradezu charakteristischer Befund. Es gelang dabei bakteriologisch der Nachweis von Staphylococcus aureus haemolyticus in Reinkultur. Pathogenetisch durfte es sich um eine Art Sekundarinfektion der durch das Virus der asiatischen Grippe primar geschadigten Tracheal- und Bronchialschleimhaut handeln. Warum bei dieser Epidemie bei plotzlichen Todesfallen jugendlicher Menschen ohne jeglichen Korpervorschaden die Bakterienbesiedlung der Trachea in dieser Form auftritt, ist noch unbekannt.
Attenuation of cocaine self-administration in squirrel monkeys following repeated administration of the mGluR5 antagonist MPEP: comparison with dizocilpine.

Rationale The mGluR5 antagonist MPEP has effects that suggest potential as a pharmacotherapy for cocaine addiction. MPEP can attenuate self-administration of cocaine in animals; however, studies usually involved only acute treatment with MPEP and a single dose of self-administered cocaine. Cocaine addicts use varied amounts of cocaine over long periods of time, and an effective pharmacotherapy would almost certainly require more chronic treatment.
Temperature and humidity control of indoor environmental spaces

Abstract The temperature and humidity control of indoor environmental spaces is studied. A constant volume heating and humidification system consisting of a boiler, a heating coil, ductwork and a fan, and a two-zone building is considered. The temperature and humidity control models are developed and multivariable controllers are designed. The closed loop system responses subject to step disturbances in outdoor temperatures and relative humidity are given. Also, results showing a typical-day operating performance of the closed loop system are given.
Properties and connections of cat fastigiospinal neurons.

1. Neurons in the cat fastigial nucleus that project to the upper cervical spinal segments (fastigiospinal neurons) were fired by antidromic stimulation of the contralateral spinal cord. Dye ejection from the recording electrode was used to show that most neurons were in the rostral half of the fastigial nucleus. 2. Fastigiospinal neurons can be excited and/or inhibited by stimulation of forelimb and hindlimb nerves and by stimulation of the vestibular nerve. These inputs converge on many neurons. 3. Antidromic microstimulation was used to trace fastigiospinal axons to the vicinity of motor nuclei in C2-C3. 4. The rostral fastigial nucleus was stimulated in preparations with the medial longitudinal fasciculus transected by a wide lesion that impinged on the medial reticular formation in the caudal medulla, to eliminate some potential axon reflexes. Short-latency EPSPs were recorded in some trapezius and biventer-cervicis motoneurons. In many cases there was little or no occlusion between these EPSPs and others evoked by stimulation of the vestibular nerve ipsilateral to the motoneurons. 5. Movement of the stimulating electrode and placement of this electrode lateral to the fastigial nucleus show that the zone from which low threshold EPSPs can be evoked is localized. 6. Latency measurements and lack of temporal facilitation with double shocks suggest that the EPSPs are monosynaptic. The evidence suggests that they are caused by fastigiospinal fibers terminating on motoneurons.
A preclinical murine model of hepatic metastases

Numerous murine models have been developed to study human cancers and advance the understanding of cancer treatment and development. Here, a preclinical, murine pancreatic tumor model of hepatic metastases via a hemispleen injection of syngeneic murine pancreatic tumor cells is described. This model mimics many of the clinical conditions in patients with metastatic disease to the liver. Mice consistently develop metastases in the liver allowing for investigation of the metastatic process, experimental therapy testing, and tumor immunology research.
Object discrimination and orientation determination in speckled images

Detection and identification of objects in images formed by coherent imaging systems are complicated by the presence of speckle. Speckle not only complicates these problems for human observers, but also for machine detection and identification algorithms. We investigate optimal statistical tests for object discrimination and orientation determination in speckle and compare their performance to that of human observers for the same problems. We formulate maximum likelihood tests for determining the orientation of an object and for discriminating among a set of known objects in a speckled image. We then analyze the performance of these tests to study the system requirements for reliable object discrimination and orientation determination. Next we generalize these tests and their corresponding pertormance analyses into three broad classes of pattern recognition problems, corresponding to orthogonal, antipodal, and biorthogonal signal problems in statistical communications theory. These generalizations make the design and analysis of a broad range of object discrimination and orientation determination straightforward. Finally we compare the performance of these tests to the results of Korwar and Pierce for human interpretation of objects in speckled images. We note that for fixed image contrast, number of looks, and image size in pixels, object shape has no effect on machine detection performance. This is not true for the human observer.
Structured use of the median in the analytical measurement process

In the pharmaceutical industry, the process of measuring a product's attributes can be very complicated and the potential for an analytical mistake can be quite high. Often, an unexpected result leads to an investigation to assess the possibility that a mistake was made in the laboratory. Traditionally, the data generated in these investigations has been used, along with various outlier tests, to attempt to negate the original data. Sometimes, historical estimates of the S.D. of the analytical method are not available for use in outlier testing and the power of the outlier tests to detect true mistakes without such historical estimates is often very low due to the small amount of data available. This leads to a great deal of inconsistency in the amount of data that is further generated and how the data is ultimately handled in making a decision. Recently, FDA demands for consistent and objective laboratory investigations have raised concerns about these practices. An alternative approach, involving a systematic investigation strategy and data handling via the structured use of the median, is proposed in this paper. The operating characteristics of the traditional and proposed approaches are compared to show their similarity and the advantages of the proposed approach. It is strongly believed by the authors that the structured use of the median will lead to more consistent investigations and data handling, which will benefit industry, the FDA and ultimately, the consumer, by allowing more accurate decisions to be made more efficiently.