cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A CMOS RF front-end for a multistandard WLAN receiver

This letter describes the design and performance of a dual band tri-mode receiver front-end compliant with the IEEE 802.11a, b, and g standards. The receiver front-end was built in a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process and achieves a noise figure of 4.7 dB/5.1 dB for the 2.4-GHz/5-GHz bands, respectively. The receiver front-end provides a dual gain mode of 5 dB/30 dB with an IIP3 of -1dBm for the low gain mode. The front-end draws 25 mA/27 mA from a 1.8-V supply for the 2.4-GHz/5-GHz bands, respectively.
Liver transplantation for giant hepatic angiomyolipoma.

A 57-year-old gentleman with a past medical history significant for Hodgkin’s lymphoma in 1977 (which required splenectomy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy) was incidentally found to have a large left lobe liver mass in July 2008 while he was undergoing computed tomography imaging for presumed nephrolithiasis. The mass was approximately 20 cm in its maximum dimension and proved to be a complex, heterogeneous mass replacing the entire left lobe of the liver and encroaching upon the right lobe (Fig. 1A). Biopsy was performed, and the sample was consistent with an angiomyolipoma (AML) of the liver. The patient was evaluated for resection, and the tumor was subsequently deemed to be unresectable because of the complete involvement of the left and middle hepatic veins and the partial involvement of the right hepatic vein. The patient was referred for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, which was unsuccessful in shrinking the mass. One year later, the patient presented with weight loss and dyspepsia attributable to his enlarged hepatic mass causing significant gastric compression,
Synthesis and evaluation of N8-acetylspermidine analogues as inhibitors of bacterial acetylpolyamine amidohydrolase

Abstract Polyamines are small essential polycations involved in many biological processes. Enzymes of polyamine metabolism have been extensively studied and are attractive drug targets. Nevertheless, the reversible acetylation of polyamines remains poorly understood. Although eukaryotic N8-acetylspermidine deacetylase activity has already been detected and studied, the specific enzyme responsible for this activity has not yet been identified. However, a zinc deacetylase from Mycoplana ramosa, acetylpolyamine amidohydrolase (APAH), has been reported to use various acetylpolyamines as substrates. The recently solved crystal structure of this polyamine deacetylase revealed the formation of an ‘L’-shaped active site tunnel at the dimer interface, with ideal dimensions and electrostatic properties for accommodating narrow, flexible, cationic polyamine substrates. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of N8-acetylspermidine analogues bearing different zinc binding groups as potential inhibitors of APAH. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibit modest potency, with IC50 values in the mid-micromolar range, but compounds bearing hydroxamate or trifluoromethylketone zinc binding groups exhibit enhanced inhibitory potency in the mid-nanomolar range. These inhibitors will enable future explorations of acetylpolyamine function in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Deep ocean seismology

Recent measurements of seismic noise on the ocean bottom have revealed surprisingly low levels at frequencies greater than 3 Hz (Figure 1). In some instances values for frequencies of 3 to 15 Hz are comparable to, or lower than, values from the best continental seismic stations. This would be of little significance if, as is generally observed with most continental instruments, the only phases to have such frequencies were the result of local earthquakes. Actual observations, however, indicate that two classes of teleseismic (distant) phases have substantial signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios at high frequencies when observed in the low noise environment of the deep oceans.
Algebraic attacks on a class of stream ciphers with unknown output function

Attacks on linear feedback shift register (LFSR) based cryptosystems typically assume that all the system details except the initial state of the LFSR are known. We address the problem assuming that the nonlinear output function is also unknown and frame the problem as one of a multivariate interpolation. The solution to this problem yields a system that produces an output identical to that of the original system with some other initial state. The attack needs to observe M bits of data and has complexity O(M ?) where $${M = \sum_{i=0}^{d} C(n, i)}$$ is the number of monomials of degree at most d in n variables, n being the state size and d the degree of the output function. When the output function has annihilators of degree e < d then with O(D) bits of data one can reconstruct parts of the keystream where $${D = \sum_{i=0}^{e} C(n, i)}$$ .
Distinguishing between first-admission schizophreniform disorder and schizophrenia.

Background: The validity of schizophreniform disorder remains controversial. Past research suggests that cases of schizophreniform disorder may be: (1) atypical cases of affective disorders, (2) cases of schizophrenia in early course, or (3) a heterogeneous group of disorders including a subgroup with benign course and outcome which maintains this diagnosis in the long term. Method: We tested the validity of the schizophreniform disorder diagnosis by comparing the socio-demographic and baseline clinical characteristics, 24-month course and outcome, and 6- and 24-month research diagnoses of 34 cases initially diagnosed with schizophreniform disorder, and 128 cases with schizophrenia, drawn from a cohort of 628 first-admission patients in the Suffolk County Mental Health Project. Results: Compared to patients with schizophrenia, those with schizophreniform disorder were more likely to remit fully by 6 months and retain this status by 24 months. Only about half of the patients with schizophreniform disorder were re-diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder at 24-month follow-up, 13% were re-diagnosed with affective disorders and 19% retained the diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder. In contrast, 92% of cases with a baseline diagnosis of schizophrenia retained this diagnosis at 24-month follow-up. The findings were similar in comparisons with schizophrenia patients having onset of symptoms within 6 months of hospitalization. Conclusions: Schizophreniform disorder is a heterogeneous category, which includes a small group with benign psychotic disorders who maintain this diagnosis over at least 24 months. Better delineation of this subgroup has important treatment implications.
Design-for-test techniques utilized in an avionics computer MCM

This paper highlights the development of a multichip module (MCM) design-for-testability methodology for an application intended for use in a fully electronic active matrix LCD flight instrument. MCM test issues discussed include design-for-testability, substrate test, known-good die (KGD), and module level test. The design incorporates IEEE 1149.1 and built-in-self-test features. Bare die pretest is accomplished with a ball grid array (BGA) chip carrier approach. The hardware consists of a mature digital design comprised of application specific and industry standard integrated circuits. Challenges and lessons learned are addressed along with next generation test approaches. >
Adapting an evidence-based intervention to REACH Forgiveness for different religions and spiritualities

The REACH Forgiveness intervention has been used in psychoeducational groups, couple and individual counseling and psychotherapy, and workbooks. It has been investigated in over 20 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) worldwide. It has been accommodated to treat Christians and shown to be effective in RCTs. But most research has established it to be effective when not accommodating it to religious or spiritual clientele. In this article, we will claim that it can be accommodated to a variety of religious clients. We describe guidelines about what is essential to the treatment and what might be effectively modified to be acceptable to religious and spiritual clients embracing a variety of beliefs and practices.
On Recurrence of Graph Connectivity in Vicsek's Model of Motion Coordination for Mobile Autonomous Agents

In this paper we complete the analysis of Vicsek's model of distributed coordination among kinematic planar agents. The model is a simple discrete time heading update rule for a set of kinematic agents (or self-propelled particles as referred to by Vicsek) moving in a finite plane with periodic boundary conditions. Contrary to existing results in the literature, we do not make any assumptions on connectivity but instead prove that under the update scheme, the network of agents stays jointly connected infinitely often for almost all initial conditions, resulting in global heading alignment. Our main result is derived using a famous theorem of Hermann Weyl on equidistribution of fractional parts of sequences. We also show that the Vicsek update scheme is closely related to the Kuramoto model of coupled nonlinear oscillators.
Injection sclerotherapy for spider telangiectasias: a 20-year experience with sodium tetradecyl sulfate.

Abstract. A 20-year experience using sodium tetradecyl sulfate (Sotradecol, Elkins-Sinn, Inc., Cherry Hill, NJ) for the injection treatment of spider telangiectasias is reviewed. Of 1426 legs injected, 882 were treated with a 1%-solution injected directly into the spider veins, and 264 were injected directly with a 1/3%-solution. With the 1/3%-solution, the remaining 280 legs had the blue veins feeding the spider telangiectasias injected rather than the spider itself. When injected directly into the spider veins, the lesser concentration gave fewer ulcerations and less pigmentation, but equal treatment results. Injecting the subcutaneous feeder veins appears to provide more permanent clearing of the lesions with fewer recurrences and no side effects. No allergic or other major complications occurred with the injection treatments.
Distortion of trichome morphology by the hairless mutation of tomato affects leaf surface chemistry

Trichomes are specialized epidermal structures that function as physical and chemical deterrents against arthropod herbivores. Aerial tissues of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) are populated by several morphologically distinct trichome types, the most abundant of which is the type VI glandular trichome that produces various specialized metabolites. Here, the effect of the hairless (hl) mutation on trichome density and morphology, chemical composition, and resistance to a natural insect herbivore of tomato was investigated. The results show that the major effect of hl on pubescence results from structural distortion (bending and swelling) of all trichome types in aerial tissues. Leaf surface extracts and isolated type VI glands from hl plants contained wild-type levels of monoterpenes, glycoalkaloids, and acyl sugars, but were deficient in sesquiterpene and polyphenolic compounds implicated in anti-insect defence. No-choice bioassays showed that hl plants are compromised in resistance to the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta. These results establish a link between the morphology and chemical composition of glandular trichomes in cultivated tomato, and show that hl-mediated changes in these leaf surface traits correlate with decreased resistance to insect herbivory.
Jacobi Maaß forms

In this paper, we give a new definition for the space of non-holomorphic Jacobi Maas forms (denoted by Jk,mnh) of weight k∈ℤ and index m∈ℕ as eigenfunctions of a degree three differential operator \(\mathcal{C}^{k,m}\) . We show that the three main examples of Jacobi forms known in the literature: holomorphic, skew-holomorphic and real-analytic Eisenstein series, are contained in Jk,mnh. We construct new examples of cuspidal Jacobi Maas forms Ff of weight k∈2ℤ and index 1 from weight k−1/2 Maas forms f with respect to Γ0(4) and show that the map f↦Ff is Hecke equivariant. We also show that the above map is compatible with the well-known representation theory of the Jacobi group. In addition, we show that all of Jk,mnh can be “essentially” obtained from scalar or vector valued half integer weight Maas forms.
LIMESTONE QUALITY AND EFFECTIVENESS FOR NEUTRALIZING SOIL ACIDITY

Slow reactivity of coarse-grade ag-lime surface applied on soils established to perennial grasses led us to study the effectiveness of finer-ground limestone. Legume production and soil pH were used to evaluate treatments in a glasshouse experiment that included soil-incorporated and surface-applied limestone at increasing rates and effective calcium carbonate equivalence (ECCE) percentages that can be converted to kilograms of effective liming material (ELM) Mg−1. Excessive rates of limestone and the highest ECCE percentage materials decreased clover yield when applied and left on the soil surface. Comparison of ECCE 62% limestone with ECCE 100% limestone verified the initially greater efficiency of the finer lime for forage production. Four to seven years after application, annual ryegrass yields were similar for the ECCE 62% and 100% limestone materials. Seven years after the final limestone treatment, ECCE 100% limestone maintained soil pH 0.3 unit higher than pH due to the same rate of ECCE 62%. At t...
Pathogenesis of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) and triple-reassortant swine influenza A (H1) viruses in mice

The pandemic H1N1 virus of 2009 (2009 H1N1) continues to cause illness worldwide, primarily in younger age groups. To better understand the pathogenesis of these viruses in mammals, we used a mouse model to evaluate the relative virulence of selected 2009 H1N1 viruses and compared them to a representative human triple-reassortant swine influenza virus that has circulated in pigs in the United States for over a decade preceding the current pandemic. Additional comparisons were made with the reconstructed 1918 virus, a 1976 H1N1 swine influenza virus, and a highly pathogenic H5N1 virus. Mice were inoculated intranasally with each virus and monitored for morbidity, mortality, viral replication, hemostatic parameters, cytokine production, and lung histology. All 2009 H1N1 viruses replicated efficiently in the lungs of mice and possessed a high degree of infectivity but did not cause lethal disease or exhibit extrapulmonary virus spread. Transient weight loss, lymphopenia, and proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production were present following 2009 H1N1 virus infection, but these levels were generally muted compared with a triple-reassortant swine virus and the 1918 virus. 2009 H1N1 viruses isolated from fatal cases did not demonstrate enhanced virulence in this model compared with isolates from mild human cases. Histologically, infection with the 2009 viruses resulted in lesions in the lung varying from mild to moderate bronchiolitis with occasional necrosis of bronchiolar epithelium and mild to moderate peribronchiolar alveolitis. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the 2009 H1N1 viruses exhibited mild to moderate virulence in mice compared with highly pathogenic viruses.
Impact of CMOS Scaling on RF/MMIC Designs

Recent performance advancement in super-scaled CMOS technologies has opened new avenues for implementing RF/MMICs on cost-effective mainstream silicon substrate. This talk addresses critical issues involved in designing those high-frequency circuits under technology constraints of decreasing supply voltage and device gain, increasing device mismatch and metal & substrate losses. The talk will also discuss possible circuit level solutions in both topology and signaling, which may mitigate those constraints and deliver demanded performance and functions for future high frequency communication systems.
Polygamain, a new microtubule depolymerizing agent that occupies a unique pharmacophore in the colchicine site.

Bioassay-guided fractionation was used to isolate the lignan polygamain as the microtubule-active constituent in the crude extract of the Mountain torchwood, Amyris madrensis. Similar to the effects of the crude plant extract, polygamain caused dose-dependent loss of cellular microtubules and the formation of aberrant mitotic spindles that led to G2/M arrest. Polygamain has potent antiproliferative activities against a wide range of cancer cell lines, with an average IC50 of 52.7 nM. Clonogenic studies indicate that polygamain effectively inhibits PC-3 colony formation and has excellent cellular persistence after washout. In addition, polygamain is able to circumvent two clinically relevant mechanisms of drug resistance, the expression of P-glycoprotein and the βIII isotype of tubulin. Studies with purified tubulin show that polygamain inhibits the rate and extent of purified tubulin assembly and displaces colchicine, indicating a direct interaction of polygamain within the colchicine binding site on tubulin. Polygamain has structural similarities to podophyllotoxin, and molecular modeling simulations were conducted to identify the potential orientations of these compounds within the colchicine binding site. These studies suggest that the benzodioxole group of polygamain occupies space similar to the trimethoxyphenyl group of podophyllotoxin but with distinct interactions within the hydrophobic pocket. Our results identify polygamain as a new microtubule destabilizer that seems to occupy a unique pharmacophore within the colchicine site of tubulin. This new pharmacophore will be used to design new colchicine site compounds that might provide advantages over the current agents.
The Alexandroff-Sorgenfrey Line

The example popularly known as “The Sorgenfrey Line” had its place in topological literature long before Sorgenfrey used it as an example to show that paracompactness is not productive. It existed as a subspace of an example P.S. Alexandroff called “The Double Arrow Space” and on one occasion he expressed the fact that he was a little peeved that Sorgenfrey has received all the credit. We will discuss the origins of both spaces and examine the controversy which existed mainly in the mind of P.S. Alexandroff. All translations in this paper are the author’s.
A Journeying Journal: Pittinger's Inaugural Issue of Anesthesiology

Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, 2124 Cornell Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA Honorary Curator, American Society of Anesthesiologists', Wood Library-Museum of Anesthesiology, 1061 American Lane, Schaumburg, IL 60173-4973, USA
Emerging Regulatory Experiments in Permit Process Coordination for Endangered Species and Aquatic Resources in California

The interconnected relationship between California’s wetlands and endangered species has spurred recent efforts to coordinate endangered species permitting under federal and state endangered species laws with freshwater aquatic resource permits under the federal Clean Water Act and analogous state laws. The University of California, Irvine School of Law Center for Land, Environment, and Natural Resources surveyed these emerging permit coordination efforts among several proposed and existing California Habitat Conservation Plans/Natural Community Conservation Plans. This Article explores these nascent initiatives, including the coordinating tools they have tested, the anticipated benefits, and the already observed challenges. Preliminary evidence suggests that clearer guidance from federal agency headquarters, building on recent Presidential interagency initiatives in infrastructure permitting, would likely provide the best opportunity to promote beneficial permit coordination while minimizing potential drawbacks.
Why Amharic in not a VSO language

This paper will review the article "Is Amharic an SOV language?" (Bach, 1970) and show how, in spite of Bach's insistence that positing underlying SOV order for Amharic leads to loss of generality and even violation of the widely accepted prohibition against logical quantification in transformational rules, a grammar with SOV deep order is superior to the grammar with VSO deep order. In the process Amharic comes to be seen as evidence against the theory of gapping proposed by John Ross (1970), and as evidence in favor of the theory of non-linear base (as proposed by Gerald Sanders (1970) and Wallace Chafe (1970).
Legal Briefs: Oxytocin Use and an Adverse Outcome

A 3,920-g, 40?/7 weeks’ gestation, female infant is delivered by cesarean delivery to a 35-year-old, gravida 3, para 0, aborta 2 woman. Rupture of membranes preceded contractions by 9 hours. On admission, the mother's cervix was 3 cm dilated and 90% effaced, the head was at −1 station, and the fetal heart rate (HR) was 120 beats per minute with good variability. Six hours later, when the nurse informed the obstetrician that the cervix was dilated to 8 cm with 100% effacement and the head was at 0 station, the obstetrician ordered oxytocin at 1 mU/min. The plaintiff obstetrician was critical of this because he said the labor was progressing satisfactorily at that point. When the treating obstetrician was questioned on his deposition about the use of oxytocin, he said he thought labor was progressing slower than it should and oxytocin was needed to speed it up . The contractions became 1 to 3 minutes apart after oxytocin was administered. The oxytocin dose was increased to 3 mU/min after 22 minutes despite the frequency of the contractions. The plaintiff obstetrician was very critical of the increase of oxytocin. He pointed out that it takes 30 minutes for equilibration of oxytocin to occur. More importantly, he stressed, the uterus needs at least 2 minutes to rest between the peak of contractions to allow the fetus to recover. He was also critical of an intrauterine pressure catheter (IUPC) not being used because huge portions of the tracings were uninterpretable, and multiple late decelerations and decreasing variability were occurring. The defense obstetrician said it was not standard to use IUPC with oxytocin augmentation. The plaintiff obstetrician agreed that IUPC need not always be used when oxytocin is administered, but it was necessary in this situation because of the poor quality …
Behavior of Translocated White-Footed Mice

White-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus , were held in hardware cloth cages to determine the effects of confinement on dispersal tendencies following translocation. Groups of 10 adult subjects each were released on a 30-acre peninsula. Location and movements of released subjects were determined by trapping for a 7-day period. Dispersal of groups confined at the site of release did not differ greatly from those confined indoors. Differences between a 1-week and a 3-week confinement period were not significant. Thirty per cent of the individuals remained in the release area for 7 days regardless of time or location of confinement. Ninety per cent of a group held at the release site for 3 weeks and given access to a 20-foot runway remained in the area. Such treatment could prove useful when translocation is desirable, and serve as a method for analyzing the process of home range development.
Pharmacologic Approaches to the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

The concept of pharmacologic therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treatment has always been considered but no agent has had a large enough effect size to drive substantial adoption. A new construct of the pathophysiology of OSA is that there are 4 primary physiologic traits that dictate who develops OSA. These traits vary substantially between patients, meaning OSA may develop for quite different reasons. This encourages new thinking regarding pharmacologic therapy and continued attempts to find the ideal or acceptable drug.
Electronic Platelet Counts with the Coulter Counter: Reassessment of a Correction Factor

Platelet counts are determined on the Coulter electronic counter by counting the diluted platelet-rich plasma obtained by sedimentation or centrifugation of whole blood. In calculating the whole-blood platelet count, an empirical correction factor for platelet-free plasma trapped by sedimented erythrocytes has been recommended, and a widely-distributed circular slide rule calculator incorporates the correction factor. In this study, visual and electronic platelet counts were compared in 100 specimens with counts ranging from 10 to 1,100 X 10(3) per mul and hematocrits ranging from 17.5 to 48.5%. Platelet-rich plasma samples prepared by a centrifugation method (Plateletfuge) gave machine counts in close agreement with those of samples prepared by sedimentation. Whole-blood platelet counts determined with the circular calculator were consistently lower than visual counts, with an average difference of -17%. The electronic counts were recalculated after elimination of the correction factor, and agreement then improved to an average difference of only +1.6%. The correction factor for trapped platelet-free plasma leads to erroneously low values and should not be used.
Cultivation of Yeast in Earle's “L” Strain Mouse Cells in vitro.∗:

SummaryIt is shown that the yeast cell of Histoplasma capsulatum will develop intra-cellularly in Earle's strain “L” mouse cells cultivated on glass and that infected cells may be subcultured.
The Isolation of Clostridium Sporogenes from the Viscera of Day-Old Chicks

Abstract Sometime ago, the author was asked to assist in the control of a serious problem of hock lameness occurring in adolescent chicken breeders originating from a single source and associated in individual cases with rupture of the gastrocnemius tendon. The lesions were those of gangrene from which was isolated Staphylococci and Clostridium novyi, Type A (Peterson, 1964). Because the problem was acute, the author recommended on an empirical basis the life-long medication of all breeder birds in this operation with penicillin-bacitracin in the feed at a concentration of 10–4 grams per ton. Whether coincidence or not, the lameness disappeared and has not recurred during the succeeding three years. In a continuation of studies, more than 100 spore-forming anaerobic cultures were collected from bird viscera and articulations. Isolation procedure was as follows: Samples to be cultured, visceral or synovial, were inserted into tubes of cooked meat medium and incubated at …
Advanced Metering Infrastructure Supporting Effective Demand Response

Advanced metering infrastructure(AMI) is the totality of systems and networks for measuring,collecting,storing,analyzing,using and transferring electricity consumption data of consumers,power price information and system operation conditions,and can effectively support demand response.Typical structure and composition of AMI are briefly introduced,and the benefits brought by AMI in the fields of consumers,public utility and social environment as well as its support to smart grid are analyzed.The design principle of AMI is proposed and the relation between AMI and smart grid is researched;the main problems existing in the investment of AMI and coping strategies are investigated and some key problems in the construction of AMI are pointed out,besides,some suggestions on the construction of AMI,which would be available for reference in further study on AMI and its implementation,are given.
Epidemiological Studies of Malaria in Hunan Province

Objective To perform an epidemiological study of malaria in Hunan and provide evidences for formulating a malaria control strategy. Methods A retrospectively survey on the epidemiology of malaria was conducted by analyzing data collected from 122 counties in Hunan province. Results from blood smear examination of febrile patients and the IFAT examination data were also analyzed. Results The incidence of malaria was reduced from 89.27/100 000 in 1980 to 0.19/100 000 in 2004. The parasite positive rates in febrile patients dropped from 2.73% in 1980 to 0.06% in 2004. No plasmodium carrier was found in local residents. Since 1990, the indigenous cases were reduced, and imported cases became dominant. The indigenous cases and imported cases accounted for 6.51% and 93.49% of the total malaria cases,respectively.Anopheles sinensis was the only vector founded. Conclusion At present,most of the malaria cases in Hunan province are the imported case. The incidence of malaria was under 1/10 000 for 9 years, and the figure remains stable in Hunan province.
Regulatory perspective of pesticide analytical enforcement methodology in the United States.

A critical overview is presented of the current regulatory problems encountered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in evaluating the adequacy of pesticide analytical enforcement methodologies submitted in support of proposed pesticide tolerances. One of these problems is the development and validation of appropriate, adequate enforcement analytical methods which account for all free or bound/conjugated residue components of the "total toxic residue" in the commodities of concern. Also included is a detailed discussion of suggested improvements in the development and validation of these enforcement methods, for example, integrating radiolabeled metabolism studies with the subsequent development and validation of proposed analytical enforcement methodologies. New procedures are proposed to facilitate the availability of analytical methods to enforcement agencies and other organizations during the method validation process. Future initiatives to use the collaborative study process in the development and validation of Pesticide Analytical Manual, Volume 2, enforcement methods for contemporary pesticides are also discussed.
Effect of diacetyl on controlling Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium in the presence of starter culture in a laboratory medium and during meat fermentation.

Diacetyl is a flavor compound that possesses antimicrobial activity and is found in several dairy products. The effect of diacetyl on controlling the growth of two foodborne pathogens, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium, when grown with Pediococcus acidilactici as a meat starter culture was evaluated in a laboratory medium and during salami fermentation. Diacetyl (50 ppm) added to each mixed culture system strongly inhibited the growth of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium in the laboratory medium (brain heart infusion, 2.3% of NaCl, 0.75% of dextrose) (P 0.05). After 24 h meat fermentation, about a 1.0-log CFU/g difference occurred in numbers of each foodborne pathogen mixed with P. ac...
Plasticity of airway cell proliferation and gene expression after acute naphthalene injury

The goal of this study was to determine the temporal and spatial sequence of events that accompany lung injury and repair after parenteral administration of the Clara cell-specific cytotoxicant, naphthalene. Changes in airway epithelial cells were evaluated by measuring alterations in the expression of markers for differentiated Clara cells (CYPIIF and Clara cell 10-kDa secretory protein, CC10), distal airway/alveolar type II cells (surfactant protein B; SP-B) and for cycling/proliferating cells (cyclin dependent kinase 1;CDK1). Naphthalene-induced Clara cell cytotoxicity resulted in the exfoliation of epithelial cells containing CC10 protein. This was accompanied by a dramatic reduction in the abundance of mRNA for CC10 and CYPIIF. Large numbers of CDK1 mRNA-positive cells were identified in and around bronchioles and terminal bronchioles 48 h after treatment. This cellular proliferation resulted in the population of airways by immature epithelial cells lacking normal levels of CC10 mRNA but overexpressing SP-B mRNA. Seventy-two hours after naphthalene treatment a reduction in CDK1 mRNA-positive cells was noted within bronchioles and terminal bronchioles at all locations, with the exception of airway bifurcations. At airway bifurcations CDK1 mRNA appeared to be more abundant at the 72-h time point than at 48 h. Comparison of these sections with serial sections probed for CC10 mRNA demonstrated a correlation between the expression of CDK1 and CC10 mRNA at bifurcations. Temporal increases in the abundance of CC10 mRNA observed at later time points were largely accounted for by the processive maturation of newly repopulated cells neighboring bifurcations in bronchioles. These studies identify spatially distinct populations of cells that act in concert to repopulate naphthalene-injured airways and support the notion that branch point cells play an important role in the maturation of newly regenerated airway epithelial cells after acute injury.
MicroRNAs in Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are a group of vascular precursor cells that derive from bone marrow and circulate in blood. They have the ability to differentiate into endothelial cells, and their functionality manifests in their ability to participate in vascular formation (angiogenesis) after homing in to the endothelial injury site in a variety of settings. The breadth and importance of such miRNA-directed gene regulation were recently recognized, but only a limited number of miRNAs have been found that regulate vascular signaling and functions related to angiogenesis. Furthermore, only a limited number of miRNAs have been found to be related to EPC-mediated angiogenesis to date. This chapter introduces the role of miRNAs in the regulation of EPC function in developmental biology, cardiovascular pathology, tumors, and regenerative medicine.
Here comes a chopper...

Tattersall reviews The Tale of the Axe: How the Neolithic revolution transformed Britain by David Miles.
EXTRACELLULAR PROTEINS AS DETERMINANTS OF PATHOGENICITY IN PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE

Pseudomonas syringae secretes a “harpin” protein that can elicit the hypersensitive response (HR) in higher plants. The hrpZ harpin gene is located in an Operon containing hrp genes encoding components of a type III protein secretion pathway required for bacterial elicitation of the HR and pathogenicity. We have explored the role of the HrpZ harpin in host range determination, HR elicitation, pathogenicity, and delivery of avr gene signals by manipulating the hrpZ genes from P. syringae pathovars syringae, glycinea, and tomato and by constructing functionally nonpolar hrpZ deletion mutations in P.s. syringae strain 61, strain B728a, and in a cloned cluster of strain 61 hrp genes thai confers the HR phenotype to Pseudomonas fluorescens. Our results suggest that multiple proteins traveling the Hrp secretion pathway affect pathogenic interactions, that HrpZ does not directly control host range and is noi required for P. syringae to elicit the HR, that a cloned cluster of hrp genes is sufficient to deliver avr signals and trigger a resistance gene-dependent HR, and that HrpZ is required for this activity.
Language Barriers and Health of Syrian Refugees in Germany.

The article discusses various aspects of the health of the Syrian refugees in Germany, and it mentions the author's claim that language barriers often prevent refugees from obtaining quality health care. The author's personal experiences with Syrian refugees in Bayreuth, Germany during a 2016 internship are addressed, along with language translation problems. Refugee population health strategies are examined, along with prevention-oriented programs to lessen physical and mental health problems.
Natural Resource Federalism: Preferences Versus Connectivity for Patchy Resources

We examine the efficiency of centralized versus decentralized management of spatially-connected renewable resources when users have heterogeneous preferences for conservation versus extraction. Resource mobility induces a spatial externality, while spatial preference heterogeneity drives a wedge between users’ privately optimal extraction rates. We first address these market failures analytically and show that the first is most efficiently handled with centralized planning while the second is best tackled with decentralized management. Except in special cases, neither approach will be first best, but which arises as second best depends on the relative strength of preference heterogeneity versus spatial mobility of the resource. We illustrate the theory, and test its robustness, with a numerical example.
Perceptions of impolite behavior in study abroad contexts and the teaching of impoliteness in L2 Spanish

The present study investigates the way in which second-language Spanish learners conceptualize impolite behavior in intercultural interactions while abroad. The data were collected through a prompt...
“Beef. It's What's for Dinner”

While many scholars have explored the celebratory role of food traditions—how food is used to create communitas—few consider how food may also be used to punish, cajole, or reinforce hegemonic or patriarchal structures. Drawing on qualitative interviews with vegetarians, I explore the transformation to vegetarianism and the ensuing conflicts between the “homeostasis” of family meat-eating traditions and the “deviance” of refusing meat that are enacted via the family meal. By examining how the inversely related food ideologies of vegetarianism and meat-eating are expressed in this context, a theory arises as to how food behavior and ideology may function to negotiate power, belonging, and exclusion in familial relationships.
E Pluribus Unum ("Out of Many, One"): CRISPR Modeling of Myeloid Expansion.

In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Tothova et al. (2017) demonstrate a promising way to model the complex genetics of clonal hematopoiesis and myeloid disorders using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Their approach opens the door to genotype-specific pharmacologic testing.
Kinetic characterization of Vibrio cholerae ApbE: Substrate specificity and regulatory mechanisms

ApbE is a member of a novel family of flavin transferases that incorporates flavin mononucleotide (FMN) to subunits of diverse respiratory complexes, which fulfill important homeostatic functions. In this work a detailed characterization of Vibrio cholerae ApbE physiologic activity, substrate specificity and pH dependency was carried out. The data obtained show novel characteristics of the regulation and function of this family. For instance, our experiments indicate that divalent cations are essential for ApbE function, and that the selectivity depends largely on size and the coordination sphere of the cation. Our data also show that ApbE regulation by pH, ADP and potassium is an important mechanism that enhances the adaptation, survival and colonization of V. cholerae in the small intestine. Moreover, studies of the pH-dependency of the activity show that the reaction is favored under alkaline conditions, with a pKa of 8.4. These studies, together with sequence and structure analysis allowed us to identify His257, which is absolutely conserved in the family, as a candidate for the residue whose deprotonation controls the activity. Remarkably, the mutant H257G abolished the flavin transfer activity, strongly indicating that this residue plays an important role in the catalytic mechanism of ApbE.
Principles of Sports Nutrition

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To measure if nutrition course work enhances athletes' knowledge of sports nutrition principles. The objectives of this study were to determine if nutrition course work enhances athletes' knowledge of sports nutrition principles and to identify athletes' resources for nutrition information. Questionnaires were distributed to 40 athletes at a state university. Seventeen completed surveys were returned and included members from the female cross country and field hockey teams. A one-way analysis of variance indicated that scores were not significantly higher when athletes completed nutrition course work. Mean nutrition knowledge scores out of a possible 40 were 16.5 for the group that had taken a nutrition course and 12.9 for the group that did not receive nutrition education. Athletes were most knowledgeable about fluid replacement, energy foods and muscle mass. They were least knowledgeable about vitamin supplementation and carbohydrate loading. Athletes in both groups indicated a low degree of certainty for the correctness of their responses. Textbooks, coaches and trainers were identified as primary resources for nutrition information. Registered dietitians were used by 2 of the athletes for recommendations. This author suggests the need for effective tools and interventions, such as sport-specific nutrition workshops and instructional materials, to educate athletes, coaches and trainers and to encourage them to consult qualified professionals to provide team members with accurate guidelines on sports nutrition fundamentals.
Justice Perceptions and Demographics of Privilege Among Brazilian Adolescents.

Drawing from just world theory and system justification theory, this study explores how privileged status influences perceptions of justice. Data from 475 Brazilian adolescents across three schools...
Body Condition of Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) and Prey Abundance On Flood-Created Habitat On the Missouri River, USA

ABSTRACT.— Habitat quality can have a profound effect on the condition and fitness of individual birds and on population demography. We investigated the effects of habitat metrics (invertebrate abundance and habitat type) on the condition (egg mass, adult mass, pre-fledged chick growth rates) of Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) nesting on Missouri River sandbars from 2005–2014. The amount of breeding habitat for Piping Plovers was variable throughout our study with more habitat available after flooding occurred in 2011. In addition, increased demographic rates (e.g., reproductive output, hatch year survival, and population growth) were observed in the post-flood period. We hypothesized that the condition of individuals would be related to habitat quality and that increased demographic rates observed on the Missouri River sandbars throughout the post-flood period would, at least in part, be related to increased condition. Egg mass, pre-fledged chick growth rates, and invertebrate prey abundance had simi...
Coupling risk attitude and motion data mining in a preemtive construction safety framework

Construction sites comprise constantly moving heterogeneous resources that operate in close proximity of each other. The sporadic nature of field tasks creates an accident prone physical space surrounding workers. Despite efforts to improve site safety using location-aware proximity sensing techniques, major scientific gaps still remain in reliably forecasting impending hazardous scenarios before they occur. In the research presented in this paper, spatiotemporal data of workers and site hazards is fused with a quantifiable model of an individual's attitude toward risk to generate proximity-based safety alerts in real time. In particular, a worker's risk index is formulated and coupled with robust hidden Markov model (HMM)-based trajectory prediction to approximate his/her future position, and detect imminent contact collisions. The designed methodology is explained and assessed using several experiments emulating interactions between site workers and hazards. Preliminary results demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed methods in robustly predicting potential collision events.
From Sequence to Consequence: Structural Biology and Rational Drug Design in the Age of Genomics

Genomics, the study of the properties of genes and gene products on a whole-organism scale, is revolutionizing all aspects of biology. So powerful has knowledge of the complete nucleotide sequences of the genomes of whole organisms proven to be, that it has spawned a large family of progeny, each shifting the emphasis of their disciplines to discovery- driven (as opposed to hypothesis-driven) research: high-throughput, genome-scale data acquisition. Among the fields that have jumped onto the genomics bandwagon most rapidly is the field of structural biology. The painstaking determination of structures of individual proteins by laboratories that then spent years following-up that work by looking at structures of ligand complexes or mutants is being augmented by assembly-line production of structures for all of the proteins in a pathway or even a whole microbe, as rapidly as possible, with any follow-up work to be left to others. Structural genomics, as this effort is called, has as its stated goals the filling-in of the catalog of known protein folds and the assignment of function to gene products whose functions are not known (these may make up 40% of the gene products in a typical genome), by structural similarity to proteins of known function. How realistic are these expectations? What will be the impact on drug discovery and development? And what other tools are needed to realize the promise inherent in this richness of data?
Improving performance of multi-radio frequency-hopping wireless mesh networks

In this paper, we study a wireless infrastructure mesh network where nodes are equipped multiple frequency-hopping radio interfaces, each with an array of antennas and utilizing the space-time block coding (STBC) technique for transmissions. With STBC technique on the radio, both temporal and spatial diversities can be employed on each transmission and the channel-attenuated performance can then be improved. Then, to reduce the cochannel interferences in the multiradio mesh network , we present an interference-aware channel assignment algorithm to evaluate the amount of cochannel interferences using an SER (symbol eror rate)-based cost function and assign the most appropriate hopping pattern for each radio. Using the STBC physical technique along with the MAC-layer channel management, the mesh network thus acquires the immunity against the channel attenuation and the cochannel interferences.
Molecular Biology and Regulation of Microbial CO2 Fixation

Purple nonsulfur photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodospirillaceae) are probably the most versatile microorganisms known, since they are capable of five distinct modes of metabolism, including photoautotrophic and chemoautotrophic growth with CO2 as the sole source of carbon [1]. The first step of CO2 assimilation is catalyzed by the enzyme ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPC/O). Because of the ability of this protein to catalyze the key reactions of both photosynthesis and photorespiration, considerable interest has been focused on the enzymology and molecular regulation of RuBPC/O. Rhodopseudomonas (Rhodobacter) sphaeroides,a typical member of the Rhodospirillaceae, has been shown to contain two structurally and immunologically distinct forms of RuBPC/O, form I and form II [2–4]. Form I is a hexadecamer composed of eight large and eight small subunits; whereas form II is an aggregate of large subunits and resembles the catalytically active dimer isolated from Rhodospirillum rubrum in that it lacks small subunits [5]. The mode of regulation and significance of two forms of RuBPC/O in R. sphaeroides and R. capsulata [6, 7] is not understood at this time. It is the purpose of this paper to review aspects of the molecular biology and control of the form I and form II RuBPC/O in R. sphaeroides.
Polymer Basics, Structural Characteristics, Characterization

Man has marked the epochs of his history by the materials that he has used to progress—the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, the Iron Age. If we were to name our own time, it could truly be called the Polymer Age. Each passing year sees unbelievable surges in the production and use of plastics, fibers, films, adhesives, elastomers, and other polymer products. The plastic industry itself continues to grow at a rapid pace not only in the United States but also worldwide (see Fig. 1–1). What has brought this about? What is the basis for the importance of polymers in our lives?