cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A possible role in the regulation of primary amination for a complex of glutamine: α-Ketoglutarate amidotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli

Abstract Both glutamine: α-ketoglutarate amidotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities are obtained from Escherichia coli grown in minimal medium containing glucose and ammonia. These activities are not additive, suggesting an interaction between them. Normally both of these activities are equally inhibited by homoserine. In mutants resistant to homoserine inhibition both activities are affected in parallel. Furthermore, the ratio of the wild-type activities remains constant over a 30-fold range in purification. This evidence suggests that these activities are associated with a single complex. A possible role for this complex in the regulation of primary amination is discussed.
Diversity and Density of Foliage-Inhabiting Arthropods in Irrigated and Dryland Soybean in Mississippi

The effect of irrigation on diversity and density of foliage-inhabiting arthropods was determined for late maturity, wide row soybean during a three-year study in the alluvial plain (Delta) in Mississippi. The ratio of amount of rainfall in dryland soybean to amount of irrigation and rainfall in irrigated soybean (“stress index”) ranged from 0.11 to 0.54, with canopy development reduced at the sites where rainfall was most limiting. Herbivore species richness was greater and predator evenness lower in irrigated than in dryland soybean at the most severely stressed site. The ratios of density of total arthropods, herbivores, and predators in dryland to irrigated soybean were positively correlated with the stress index over the three years of the study. Of the most common species, all showed similar response (as did order totals and trophic levels), except Heliothis spp. and bigeyed bugs, Geocoris spp., which were equally or more abundant in the dryland than in the irrigated soybean. Establishment of damsel bugs ( Nabis spp.) occurred after the canopy from adjacent rows overlapped. In the final year, early initiation of pivot irrigation resulted in earlier canopy development and was associated with synchronization of density of damsel bug nymphs and lepidopterous larvae in pivot-irrigated, but not in furrow-irrigated or dryland soybean.
Topochemistry of Bowtie- and Star-Shaped Metal Dichalcogenide Nanoisland Formation

A large number of experimental studies over the past few years observed the formation of unusual highly symmetric polycrystalline twinned nanoislands of transition metal dichalcogenides, resembling bowties or stars. Here, we analyze their morphology in terms of equilibrium and growth shapes. We propose a mechanism for these complex shapes’ formation via collision of concurrently growing islands and validate the theory with phase-field simulations that demonstrate how highly symmetric structures can actually emerge from arbitrary starting conditions. Finally, we use first-principles calculations to propose an explanation of the predominance of high-symmetry polycrystals with 60° lattice misorientation angles.
Localization of prostaglandin-forming cyclooxygenase in middle ear and external canal tissue

Prostaglandins were found in the middle ear effusion and may play an important role in inflammation and bone resorption occurring in otitis media. With the use of an immunohistochemical technique, prostaglandin cyclooxygenase was localized in epithelial cells of human skin, endothelial cells of arterioles, mononuclear leukocytes and fibroblasts of human middle ear mucosa and granulation tissue, epithelial cells of chinchilla middle ear mucosa, and the external auditory canal skin.
The Significance of Cancer after Renal Transplantation

Cancer developing after renal transplantation is a well documented event that has clinical importance and immunologic implications. The incidence and severity of these malignancies are not of the magnitude to discourage the use of transplantation as major treatment for chronic renal failure. Suppression of the immune surveillance system has been believed to be the cause of cancer after transplantation but recent data suggest that cancer after transplantation does not constitute acceptable evidence for the immune surveillance theory.
Serial Spot Hydroxyproline/Creatinine Ratios in Metastatic Prostatic Cancer

AbstractAnalysis of urinary hydroxyproline levels offers a marker to monitor osseous involvement in patients with metastatic malignancies. Such a marker is needed in patients with prostatic cancer when bone metastases predominate. Thirty-two men with stage D2 prostatic cancer were monitored by bone scan, acid and alkaline phosphatase values, and urinary hydroxyproline, beginning from 4 to 36 months after initiation of hormonal manipulation and/or systemic chemotherapy. In patients with disease progression determined by bone scan serial urinary hydroxyproline values progressively increased and were significantly elevated compared to urinary values obtained from patients with a stable or improving scan (p <0.001). Simultaneous alkaline phosphatase determinations showed less significant differences between patient groups. Acid phosphatase did not reliably indicate osseous response to therapy. These data suggest that urinary hydroxyproline values are predictive as an early objective sign of osseous response i...
3D Single Point Imaging Technology for Tracking Multiple Fish

Image based tracking like video tracking has shown potential in aquaculture behavioural studies in past decade. Image based tracking is allowing to have higher spatial and temporal resolution in compared to most conventional methods such as hand scoring, tagging and telemetry. They also permit to have more information about the environment rather than other methods. Most studies about trajectory are based on tracking in two dimensional (2D) environments; however, organisms are mostly included in three dimensional (3D) environments which influence ecological interactions extensively. Furthermore, in 2D image analysis, occlusion of fish is a frequent problem for analysis of fish tracking and ultimately their behaviour. Recently, new hardware based on single point 3D imaging technology have been developed which can provide 3D single points in real-time by combining a colour video camera, infrared video camera with an infrared projector. The main objective of this study was to develop a multiple fish tracking system in 3D space based on the current available 3D imaging technology. Developed system could accurately (98%) track multiple Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) which was freely swimming in an aquarium. This study contributes to feasibility of new sensors to monitor fish behaviours in 3D space.
CARDINALITY WITH OR WITHOUT COMPARABILITY

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the cardinality with or without comparability. In using individual welfares functions for collective choice, there are at least three separate, but interdependent, problems, (1) measurability of individual welfare, (2) interpersonal comparability of individual welfare, and (3) the form of a function that will specify a social preference relation given individual welfare functions and the comparability assumptions. There is a certain social state x which will be the outcome if the two persons fail to strike a bargain. If x is regarded by both as being at least as good as every alternative that can be achieved through bargaining, then the problem will be trivial, as the absence of a bargaining contract cannot possibly hurt anyone. If there are cooperative outcomes that both prefer to x, then the problem may be interesting. It will, however, once again be rendered trivial if both parties have exactly the same choice set for the cooperative outcomes, for they can then choose an outcome which is best for both.
Conceptual Framework for the National Flood Interoperability Experiment

The National Flood Interoperability Experiment is a research collaboration among academia, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service, and government and commercial partners to advance the application of the National Water Model for flood forecasting. In preparation for a Summer Institute at the National Water Center in June-July 2015, a demonstration version of a near real-time, high spatial resolution flood forecasting model was developed for the continental United States. The river and stream network was divided into 2.7 million reaches using the National Hydrography Dataset Plus geospatial dataset and it was demonstrated that the runoff into these stream reaches and the discharge within them could be computed in 10 min at the Texas Advanced Computing Center. This study presents a conceptual framework to connect information from high-resolution flood forecasting with real-time observations and flood inundation mapping and planning for local flood emergency response.
Protein Proximity Interactions

Publisher Summary This chapter introduces the mechanisms that contribute to the compartmentalization of signaling enzymes and the assembly of multiprotein signaling networks in three areas: advances in the analysis of protein–protein interactions, subcellular structures, and multiprotein complexes that contribute to cell signaling, and kinase and phosphatase targeting. The cell interior is an architectural triumph in which specific protein–protein interactions provide the mortar. Such “protein proximity” interactions increase rates of signal transduction, insulate different signaling pathways, and enable sophisticated dynamic cellular processes to proceed. This chapter presents with a review of the advances made in the analysis of protein–protein interactions. Finally, it considers protein proximity interactions in the context of multiprotein complexes and subcellular structures.
Anticoagulation Therapy and NOACs in Heart Failure

Current evidence indicates that heart failure (HF) confers a hyper-coagulable state that is associated with adverse events including stroke, systemic embolism, and mortality. This may be due to the elevated levels of pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory cytokines that are seen in patients with acute and chronic HF. Left ventricular wall motion abnormalities in patients with systolic dysfunction predispose to local thrombosis due to blood stasis as does atrial fibrillation (AF) which leads to blood stasis in regions of the atria. The high risk of thromboemboli in HF patients with AF has resulted in the use anticoagulation therapy to prevent the occurrence of catastrophic events. There is evidence, however, that the pro-inflammatory, pro-thrombotic state that exists in HF puts patients who are in sinus rhythm at risk. The novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been shown in RCT to have at least equivalent efficacy in reducing stroke as warfarin while exposing patients to a lower risk of bleeding. The fact that the NOACs don’t require routine monitoring to assure that patients remain within the therapeutic range and have relatively simple dosing requirements and a safer risk profile makes them attractive substitutes to warfarin in HF patients with atrial fibrillation and other conditions (e.g. deep venous thrombosis). Post hoc analyses from a subset of HF patients from the RCTs in AF patients have demonstrated similar findings as were reported in the entire populations that were included in the trials. As a result, NOACS are commonly used now in HF patients with AF. For HF patients with reduced ejection fraction in sinus rhythm, the use of warfarin in randomized clinical trials (RCT) to reduce stroke has been disappointing and associated with increase bleeding risk when compared to aspirin. The advantages of the NOACs over warfarin, however, raise the question of whether they might improve outcomes in HF patients who are in sinus rhythm. The currently ongoing COMMANDER-HF trial has been designed to address this issue. In this chapter we review evidence of existence of a prothombotic state in HF, the pharmacodynamics and clinical trials of the NOACs and the outcomes from NOAC substudies in the HF subgroup. We also discuss the rationale for using anticoagulation in HF independent of arrhythmia burden.
Introduction to Mothering Rhetorics

Once only a topic among women in the private sphere, motherhood and mothering have become important intellectual topics across academic disciplines, including communication studies. Indeed, books (...
Review: More research is needed to evaluate clinical efficacy of MRI

Source Citation Kent DL, Haynor DR, Longstreth WT Jr, Larson EB. The clinical efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging in neuroimaging. Ann Intern Med. 1994 May 15;120:856-71.
Effects of Water-Table Configuration on the Planetary Boundary Layer over the San Joaquin River Watershed, California

AbstractThe boundary layer, land surface, and subsurface are important coevolving components of hydrologic systems. While previous studies have examined the connections between soil moisture, groundwater, and the atmosphere, the atmospheric response to regional water-table drawdown has received less attention. To address this question, a coupled hydrologic–atmospheric model [Parallel Flow hydrologic model (ParFlow) and WRF] was used to simulate the San Joaquin River watershed of central California. This study focuses specifically on the planetary boundary layer (PBL) in simulations with two imposed water-table configurations: a high water table mimicking natural conditions and a lowered water table reflecting historic groundwater extraction in California’s Central Valley, although effect of irrigation was not simulated. An ensemble of simulations including three boundary layer schemes and six initial conditions was performed for both water-table conditions to assess conceptual and initial condition uncert...
Implementation of Evidence-Based Care

Prior to the evolution of evidence-based medicine, medical practice was largely based on personal experience and widely accepted, but unproven theories. This often resulted in negative patient outcomes, which led to an increasing awareness that a standardized method to guide clinical practice was needed. This led to the advent of the evidence-based model, which focuses on answering a clinical question. With the practice of evidence-based medicine also came the need to improve current processes in order to continually provide quality, patient-centered care, i.e., the model for improvement. While both evidence-based model and the model for improvement are often considered separately, they are arguably linked together. Once evidence-based knowledge is organized into a guideline, policy, or procedure, it must be implemented into practice. This is a very complex task and must take into account many factors that will guide success or failure. Some of these factors are the desire and capacity to change, a gap where implementing knowledge will lead to an improved outcome, as well as internal and external cultural influences. Using a quality improvement method, such as the model for improvement, will allow for small tests of change and adjustments that will lead to stabilization when new evidence is implemented. Sustaining change is the final step and will require transparent feedback and data as well as ongoing evaluation of new evidence to achieve the best possible outcome.
Providing a Continuum of Professional Training: The Nebraska Psychology of Schooling Project and the Nebraska Internship Consortium in Professional Psychology.

Two projects undertaken by the School Psychology Program at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln are described. Both projects evolved from the desire to improve the quality and quantity of training o...
Effects of offline ad content on online brand search: insights from super bowl advertising

Individuals watch TV shows while simultaneously and/or immediately searching online. Thus, the content of offline TV ads can affect online brand search, a key predictor of sales. Yet there are few insights on the effect of offline ad content on online brand search. We develop hypotheses relating the informational and emotional content of TV ads on online brand search, independently, and in conjunction with two attentional content elements of the ad campaign, prior media publicity and brand website prominence in the TV ad. We test the hypotheses using a quasi-experimental study, the telecast of TV ads on the annual Super Bowl event between 2004 and 2012 (n = 293 observations). We measure online brand search by online brand search lift, i.e., the growth in online brand search following the telecast of the brand’s ad on Super Bowl. The findings indicate that the informational content of the TV ad increases online brand search, while both attentional content elements decrease this effect. We find no support for the effect of emotional content of the TV ad on online brand search. Our findings extend marketing theory on online search and generate managerial implications for designing TV ads to increase online brand search.
Theoretical Insights into Methane C–H Bond Activation on Alkaline Metal Oxides

In this work, we investigate the role of alkaline metal oxides (AMO) (MgO, CaO, and SrO) in activating the C–H bond in methane. We use Density Functional Theory (DFT) and microkinetic modeling to study the catalytic elementary steps in breaking the C–H bond in methane and creating the methyl radical, a precursor prior to creating C2 products. We study the effects of surface geometry on the catalytic activity of AMO by examining terrace and step sites. We observe that the process of activating methane depends strongly on the structure of the AMO. When the AMO surface is doped with an alkali metal, the transition state (TS) structure has a methyl radical-like behavior, where the methyl radical interacts weakly with the AMO surface. In this case, the TS energy scales with the hydrogen binding energy. On pure AMO, the TS interacts with AMO surface oxygen as well as the metal atom on the surface, and consequently the TS energy scales with the binding energy of hydrogen and methyl. We study the activity of AMO ...
Treatment of Rigid Hammer-Toe Deformity: Permanent Versus Removable Implant Selection.

Hammer-toe deformities that fail nonoperative treatment can be successfully addressed with proximal interphalangeal joint resection arthroplasty or fusion. The goal of surgery is to eliminate the deformity and rigidly fix the toe in a well-aligned position. Hammer-toe correction procedures can be performed with temporary Kirschner wire (K-wire) fixation for 3 to 6 weeks with high success rates. Pain relief with successful hammer-toe correction approaches 90%; patient satisfaction rates approximate 84%. Although complication rates are rare in most series, there remains a concern regarding exposed temporary K-wire fixation, which has led to the development of multiple permanent internal fixation options.
Understanding Costs of Care in the Operating Room.

Importance Increasing value requires improving quality or decreasing costs. In surgery, estimates for the cost of 1 minute of operating room (OR) time vary widely. No benchmark exists for the cost of OR time, nor has there been a comprehensive assessment of what contributes to OR cost. Objectives To calculate the cost of 1 minute of OR time, assess cost by setting and facility characteristics, and ascertain the proportion of costs that are direct and indirect. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis examined annual financial disclosure documents from all comparable short-term general and specialty care hospitals in California from fiscal year (FY) 2005 to FY2014 (N = 3044; FY2014, n = 302). The analysis focused on 2 revenue centers: (1) surgery and recovery and (2) ambulatory surgery. Main Outcomes and Measures Mean cost of 1 minute of OR time, stratified by setting (inpatient vs ambulatory), teaching status, and hospital ownership. The proportion of cost attributable to indirect and direct expenses was identified; direct expenses were further divided into salary, benefits, supplies, and other direct expenses. Results In FY2014, a total of 175 of 302 facilities (57.9%) were not for profit, 78 (25.8%) were for profit, and 49 (16.2%) were government owned. Thirty facilities (9.9%) were teaching hospitals. The mean (SD) cost for 1 minute of OR time across California hospitals was $37.45 ($16.04) in the inpatient setting and $36.14 ($19.53) in the ambulatory setting (P = .65). There were no differences in mean expenditures when stratifying by ownership or teaching status except that teaching hospitals had lower mean (SD) expenditures than nonteaching hospitals in the inpatient setting ($29.88 [$9.06] vs $38.29 [$16.43];P = .006). Direct expenses accounted for 54.6% of total expenses ($20.40 of $37.37) in the inpatient setting and 59.1% of total expenses ($20.90 of $35.39) in the ambulatory setting. Wages and benefits accounted for approximately two-thirds of direct expenses (inpatient, $14.00 of $20.40; ambulatory, $14.35 of $20.90), with nonbillable supplies accounting for less than 10% of total expenses (inpatient, $2.55 of $37.37; ambulatory, $3.33 of $35.39). From FY2005 to FY2014, expenses in the OR have increased faster than the consumer price index and medical consumer price index. Teaching hospitals had slower growth in costs than nonteaching hospitals. Over time, the proportion of expenses dedicated to indirect costs has increased, while the proportion attributable to salary and supplies has decreased. Conclusions and Relevance The mean cost of OR time is $36 to $37 per minute, using financial data from California’s short-term general and specialty hospitals in FY2014. These statewide data provide a generalizable benchmark for the value of OR time. Furthermore, understanding the composition of costs will allow those interested in value improvement to identify high-yield targets.
Homeostatic efficiency of tubuloglomerular feedback in hydropenia, euvolemia, and acute volume expansion

We assessed the homeostatic efficiency of the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) system in Inactin-anesthetized Munich-Wistar rats by use of perturbation analysis in closed-loop micropuncture studies....
Using Qualitative Data-Mining to Identify Skillful Practice in Child Welfare Case Records

Using qualitative data-mining methods, this study analyzed 39 child welfare case records in order to identify examples of skillful practice. Conducted in partnership with a public child welfare age...
Discriminating Uranium Isotopes Using the Time-Emission Profiles of Long-Lived Delayed Neutrons

Determining the level of uranium enrichment is often essential in nuclear nonproliferation and safeguarding. Conventional nondestructive techniques for determining enrichment depend on measuring the ratio of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-rays emitted by uranium isotopes, but this requires prior knowledge---or assumptions---about sample and shielding. This study presents an alternative method that exploits the differences in the characteristic profile of emission over time for delayed neutrons from fission. The method uses a custom scintillation detector and requires no calibration standards. A fully engineered system based upon these principles could improve our capability for isotopic measurements.
Relationship Between Substance Use, Bullying, and Other Delinquent Behaviors Among High School Students: a Secondary Analysis of the Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey

Substance use and bullying during adolescence are two prevalent problem behaviors associated with a broad array of adverse developmental outcomes. This study conducted a secondary analysis of high school data from Hillsborough County’s 2014 Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey to examine the relationship between substance use, criminal activity, bullying, and other deviant behaviors. Results indicated that past-month alcohol and marijuana use were associated with driving under the influence of marijuana or alcohol, riding with a driver under the influence of marijuana or alcohol, carrying a hand gun, gambling, selling illegal drugs, and the perpetration of bullying. Implications for prevention and intervention efforts are discussed.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE LIFE-CYCLE OF TWO CYCLOCOELIDS (CYCLOCOELIDAE-TREMATODA)

Publisher Summary This chapter presents comparative studies on the life cycle of two cyclocoelids. Experimental infections were carried out using lab-reared snails, Helisoma campanulatum, Lymnaea (Radix) auricularia, and Physa gyrina. One hundred of each snail species were individually exposed to single miracidia of each species of flukes under investigation. In each experiment, only the physid snails became infected, with an infection rate of 60–70%. Eggs contained eyed miracidia enclosing well-developed rediae. Infection experiments attempting to infect young domestic ducks and chickens were unsuccessful even with abundant infective metacercariae. It was observed that rediae were similar, differing in relative size and the position and extent of the protrusible processes. On the basis of coordination of life history studies with adult morphology, it appears that Dubois's scheme of classification is too restrictive and that his subgenera should be raised to generic rank.
A comparison of patient satisfaction when office-based procedures are performed by general surgery residents versus an attending surgeon.

Abstract Background Patient satisfaction is an increasingly important quality metric nationwide. The impact that surgical trainees have on patient-reported satisfaction when they perform operations independently, however, has not been studied. Methods We conducted a prospective study at a single academic institution from October 2016 to June 2017. An office-based, postprocedure survey was developed by adapting questions from the validated Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Surgical Care Survey. Top-box scoring was used to determine satisfaction for categorical questions and a comparison of the means was used for overall quality ratings (scale 0–10). Patients indicated whether their operation was completed by an attending surgeon or a postgraduate year 3 general surgery resident. The primary outcome measured was patient satisfaction with overall quality of care. Individual questions were grouped by phase of care and composite scores were measured as a secondary outcome. Results The survey response rate was 87.4% (n = 195). There were no differences in patient demographics or the types of procedures performed by residents or an attending surgeon. Excision of a soft tissue mass (ie, lipoma) accounted for 89.2% of all procedures performed (n = 174). There were no differences between preprocedure (resident = 92.5% vs attending = 94.2%) or postprocedure (resident = 95.3% vs attending = 97.7%) composite scores. There was, however, a significant difference in periprocedure satisfaction (resident = 78.7% vs attending = 90.7%, P = .02). There was no difference in overall ratings of quality of care given by patients who had their procedure performed by residents (9.8 ± 0.5) versus an attending surgeon (9.9 ± 0.3, P = .15). Finally, on adjusted analysis, resident care did not independently impact the likelihood of a “best possible care” rating for overall quality of care (odds ratio 0.84 ± 0.27, confidence interval 0.45–1.57, P = .58). Conclusion Patient satisfaction was very high when residents independently performed minor surgery operations in an office-based setting. Of note, there was no difference in satisfaction with overall quality of care compared with an attending surgeon. This study demonstrates that high resident operative autonomy and patient satisfaction are not mutually exclusive goals when postgraduate year 3 residents perform office-based outpatient procedures.
Chromic acid regeneration process with fuel cell electrode assistance. Part II: Electrochemical characterization, material compatibility and energy consumption

Electrochemical characteristics, energy consumption and material compatibility aspects of a novel process for regeneration of spent hard chromium plating baths using a Nafion-117 separator and a fuel cell cathode are discussed. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and stationary polarization curves were used to characterize the performance of a fuel cell cathode in the regeneration cell. The configuration of the MEA, current collector, and flow distributing backing plate may, during long-term operation, lead to excessive ohmic resistance, which necessitates a special design of the cathode assembly. X-ray diffraction indicated that Cu, Fe, Ni, and Cr were deposited on the electrode matrix, leading to deactivation of the Pt-catalyst. The deactivation causes a rising cell voltage during electrolysis. Nevertheless, the energy consumption of the regeneration cell is at least 1 V less than that of a comparable cell with hydrogen evolving cathode.
A Student and Postqualitative Inquiry Walk Into a Bar: Syncretistic Methodology and Practices of Becoming-Researcher:

In this essay, I playfully engage the reflections of scholars pursuing postqualitative inquiry by presenting how I employed methodological syncretism as a practice of figuration. I show how I enact...
Enhanced Poleward Flux of Atmospheric Moisture to the Weddell Sea Region (ODP Site 690) During the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

Author(s): Kozdon, Reinhard; Penman, Donald E; Kelly, DC; Zachos, JC; Fournelle, John H; Valley, JW
Impact of intermittent dietary restriction on the health-related outcomes of faith-based fasting

For much of the history of studying the effects of intermittent fasting on the health of people who engage in fasting for religious reasons, there has been no conclusive evidence-based consensus on the health outcomes of this form of intervallic fasting. The purpose of the present study is to examine the health-related outcomes of intermittent faith-based fasting. Whereas there are several forms of faith-based and non-faith based fasting, the present study will be primarily dedicated to examining the health effects associated with one of the most ubiquitous forms of religious fasting practiced globally by the preponderance of the eligible adults among 1.8 billion Muslims, which is fasting during the annual Islamic month of Ramadan. Therefore, Ramadan fasting provides a significant research paradigm to investigate the health effects of intervallic fasting in humans. A systematic review and meta-analysis methodology was employed to search major databases, printed books, and official web-based electronic publications to identify and select a multitude of relevant peer-reviewed studies on the health effects of faith-based intermittent fasting. The data garnered from the selected studies were systematically reviewed, analyzed, and combined. The findings were compared and examined to evaluate whether there were patterns of significant or no significant results of specific health-related effects associated with intermittent faith-based fasting. The systematic review and data analysis suggest that Ramadan intermittent fasting is associated with both health risks and health benefits. The most vulnerable group of people who are most at risk for exposure to adverse health effects of fasting are those individuals who fast Ramadan with underlying pre-existing health conditions such as diabetes, asthma, kidney, and cardiovascular diseases, which can be exacerbated by the daily fasting for long hours. The health outcomes of intermittent fasting and voluntary caloric restriction are prefatory and inconclusive The findings of the present study suggest that there is scientific evidence to support the hypothesis that intermittent fasting and forms of meal timing schedules may be associated with both favorable and unfavorable health outcomes. Fasting individuals with adverse pre-exciting health conditions would benefit significantly from seeking a pre-Ramadan medical evaluation, personalized dietary counseling, and Ramadan fasting-tailored health and wellness education as imperative interventions to avert potential medical crises and reduce any further health complications.
The minimum wage and DI claims

Abstract This article examines the impact of the minimum wage on DI claims, based on a state-year panel for 2002–2017 constructed from the Social Security Administration’s State Agencies Monthly Workload (MOWL) Dataset. Across a wide variety of specifications, the minimum wage has had no discernable short-run effect on DI claims.
Connections on Manifolds

Given a manifold M, in general, for any two points p, q ∈ M, there is no “natural” isomorphism between the tangent spaces TpM and TqM. Given a curve c: [0, 1] → M on M, as c(t) moves on M, how does the tangent space Tc(t)M change as c(t) moves?
East Asian American Parents of Children with Autism: a Scoping Review

The number of Asian American children with autism is steadily increasing. Previous research reports that parents of children with autism experience higher stress compared with parents of typically developing children. Immigrant families of children with autism are particularly vulnerable to poor access to healthcare, social services, information, and other supports. This scoping review examined the current literature focused on East Asian American families raising children with autism, with an emphasis on study characteristics and overall findings. We identified nine articles that reported on the caregiving experiences of this population. Our review revealed that extant studies focused on East Asian families used limited research methods and small samples. The studies we reviewed found variations in the ways in which East Asian parents understand autism, navigate services, access available community and family supports, and experience stress.
Parity breaking and phase transition induced by a magnetic field in high $T_c$ superconductors

We suggest that the 2+1 dimensional Gross-Neveu model can give an effective field theory description of low-energy quasiparticles in high temperature superconductors. The magnetic catalysis of dynamical symmetry breaking is examined. The model shows that a magnetic field can induce a phase transition associated with parity breaking. In particular, it is intended to give an explanation of a second phase transition observed in a recent experiment by Krishana et al.
Deep Learning Framework for Predicting Bus Delays on Multiple Routes Using Heterogenous Datasets

Accurate prediction of bus delays improves transit service delivery and can potentially increase passenger use and satisfaction. To date, models developed for predicting bus delays have been restricted to single routes because of their poor performance on a wide network, due to reliance on simplistic model architectures and limited sources of data. This paper proposes a deep learning-based framework for predicting bus delays at the network level. The framework is fueled by large, heterogenous bus transit data (GTFS) and vehicle probe data. We utilize entity embeddings to enable the framework to simultaneously fit functions and learn patterns from both categorical and continuous data streams. The framework results in a single model that is able to characterize the factors influencing delays on multiple routes, for multiple stations at a time, at different times of the day, and during different seasons. A case study was conducted in Saint Louis, Missouri, with data collected over a 1-month period. The results indicate that the developed modeling framework is high performing, predicting delays for multiple stops at a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of about 6%. For different routes and trips, the observed prediction errors were stable across days of week, bus stops, holidays, and time of day. Although peak hour factors and the distance to bus stop influenced the model’s prediction errors for some routes, the observed differences were not significant. Compared to previous research, the ability to simultaneously model continuous and categorical data with deep learning and the use of heterogenous data contributed to such high performance on multiple routes.
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a newer eating disorder diagnosis in the DSM-5 that captures a range of disordered eating behaviors that can present across the lifespan. Whereas other eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are notably more prevalent among girls and women than boys and men, ARFID appears to have a more equal gender distribution, and early research suggests that some presentations may be even more common in boys and/or men. ARFID is associated with serious medical and psychological consequences that warrant prompt recognition and treatment. This chapter will cover the current literature on ARFID prevalence, correlates, and long-term outcomes. Recommendations for diagnosis and assessment are reviewed. Finally, current treatment options and their evidence base are described.
Motor cortical oscillations are abnormally suppressed during repetitive movement in patients with Parkinson’s disease

Abstract Objective Impaired repetitive movement in persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with reduced amplitude, paradoxical hastening and hesitations or arrest at higher movement rates. This study examined the effects of movement rate and medication on movement-related cortical oscillations in persons with PD. Methods Nine participants with PD were studied off and on medication and compared to nine control participants. Participants performed index finger movements cued by tones from 1 to 3 Hz. Movement-related oscillations were derived from electroencephalographic recordings over the region of the contralateral sensorimotor cortex (S1/M1) during rest, listening, or synchronized movement. Results At rest, spectral power recorded over the region of the contralateral S1/M1 was increased in the alpha band and decreased in the beta band in participants with PD relative to controls. During movement, the level of alpha and beta band power relative to baseline was significantly reduced in the PD group, off and on medication, compared to controls. Reduced movement amplitude and hastening at movement rates near 2 Hz was associated with abnormally suppressed and persistent desynchronization of oscillations in alpha and beta bands. Conclusion Motor cortical oscillations in the alpha and beta bands are abnormally suppressed in PD, particularly during higher rate movements. Significance These findings contribute to the understanding of mechanisms underlying impaired repetitive movement in PD.
Physicochemical investigation of chemical paint removers. II: Role and mechanism of phenol in the removal of polyurethane coatings

Abstract Thermal and spectroscopic techniques have been used to study the interactions of phenol with model polyurethane coatings. Previous work has pointed to phenol as the principal source of polymer degradation in methylene chloride/phenol paint stripping mixtures. Thermal analysis demonstrates that the addition of phenol leads to severe depression in Tg and outright coating failure. Exposure appears to cause chain scission, leading to significant weight loss during thermal analysis. XPS confirms the deposition of methylcellulose stabilizer at the surface, but also indicates breaches in the conformal coating which we attribute to polyurethane degradation. Raman and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy confirm chemical modification of the polyurethane by phenol, leading to the proposed model of degradation by nucleophilic attack.
Optimization of conservation practice implementation strategies in the context of stream health

Abstract Sustainability and the health of freshwater ecosystems are vital to insure their safe and continued use. This study introduces a new approach to improve stream health to a desirable condition at the lowest cost by optimizing the best management practice (BMP) implementation plan. Several hydrological models including the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Hydrologic Index Tool were integrated and the results were used to develop a stream health model. SWAT model was calibrated and validated against daily streamflow data from nine US geological gauging stations for a 10-year-period while the stream health model was calibrated and validated against 193 biological monitoring sites operated by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. The stream health model was guided by a genetic algorithm to design the watershed-scale management strategies that included five BMPs. Out of 182 BMP implementation scenarios, eight unique scenarios resulted in an overall excellent stream health for the Honeyoey Creek-Pine Creek Watershed in Michigan. In addition, no tillage was the most selected BMP in three of the eight implementation scenarios. The BMP implementation costs for these eight scenarios ranged from 4.28 to 6.41 million dollars. Therefore, the integration of genetic algorithm techniques in stream health modeling resulted in a savings of over 2 million dollars. In addition, the implementation of the lowest costing scenario resulted in a 52% improvement and 36% reduction in stream health scores, with respect to stream length, compared to current conditions. The technique introduced here can be successfully adapted in different regions to identify the optimal solution from both environmental and economic points of view.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

First page of article Keywords: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS); HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
Law as Cinematic Apparatus: Image, Textuality, and Representational Anxiety in Spielberg's 'Minority Report'

Law is an intensely textual practice. This textual character is manifest not only in the written sources of law (cases, statutes, regulations) or in the procedural bias of law towards document assessment and exchange, but in the interpretive techniques of law. Much has been made of those techniques being literary, but one aspect of law's power comes from a denial of its representational core. This alternate dependence on, and anxiety about, textual representation is shared by mainstream cinema, though it is rarely made explicit. Film is uniquely situated to support an image of law that suppresses its textual foundation. In the film "Minority Report," (2002), master manipulator of the zeitgeist, Steven Spielberg, concocts a system of law where textual authority is replaced by image. The result is a kind of romance of transparency in which the "real" infuses law without the mediation of representation. While the surface of the film ultimately condemns the futuristic legal system it represents as corruptible, its obsession with visual representation and seeing valorizes image over text. Yet ultimately, the film returns the viewer to an uncritical reception of present-day law, which is figured as a safely 'pre-technological' world of text-based authority.
Determining the Physical Properties of Very‐Low‐Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs in the Near‐Infrared

Accurate measurements of the fundamental physical properties of very‐low‐mass stars and brown dwarfs are crucial for calibrating evolutionary models. Photometry and low‐resolution spectroscopy effectively average over absorption features that sample different layers in complex cool atmospheres. By studying a large sample of objects bright enough for high‐resolution spectroscopy, we can develop methods for determining physical properties as accurately and efficiently as possible. As part of the Brown Dwarf Spectroscopic Survey (BDSS; [1, 2]), we are conducting a detailed comparison of observed and synthetic spectra for a sample of young M and L dwarfs and field M, L, and T dwarfs ( ∼50 objects in total). High‐resolution near‐infrared spectra from NIRSPEC on Keck II provide an unequaled combination of resolving power and wavelength coverage. Synthetic spectra were created from PHOENIX atmosphere models calculated exclusively for this project with updated line lists and solar abundances. Combined with spectral types from photometric studies and low‐resolution spectra and surface gravity estimates from age determination, the high‐resolution spectra enable precise measurements of effective temperature and surface gravity, as well as accurate determination of radial velocity and projected rotational velocity. Our preliminary observation‐model comparisons distinguish between wavelength regimes for which the models reproduce observed high‐resolution spectra and regimes in which model data (line lists, oscillator strengths, etc.) are lacking.
Streptococcus gallolyticus (bovis): a rare presentation of meningitis in the ED

Bacterial meningitis is a fairly common and often deadly manifestation of altered mental status in the elderly, carrying a mortality rate of greater than 20% despite antibiotic therapy. Most commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. We present a case of meningitis caused by Streptococcus gallolyticus in an elderly, otherwise healthy woman. There have been no reports in the emergency medicine literature and only a few reports in the literature of S gallolyticus as a cause of altered mental status and meningitis, specifically of immunocompetent patients.
Mobilization and entry of DNAPL pools into finer sand media by cosolvents: two-dimensional chamber studies

Two-dimensional chamber studies were conducted to determine qualitative and quantitative performance of cosolvents targeted at pooled dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) (perchlorethylene, PCE) residing above a fine-grain capillary barrier. Downward mobilization of DNAPL, up gradient along an overriding cosolvent front, was observed. This produced significant pooling above a fine-grain layer that in some cases lead to entry into the capillary barrier beneath. Entry pressure calculations using physical and hydrogeologic parameters provided an excellent prediction of breakthrough of DNAPL into the capillary barrier. Calculations predict approximately 0.5 m of DNAPL would be necessary to enter a Beit Netofa clay, under extreme cosolvent flooding conditions (100% ethanol). Gradient injection of cosolvent did not appear to provide any benefit suggesting a rapid decrease in interfacial tension (IFT) compared to the rate of DNAPL solubilization. Use of a partitioning alcohol (tertiary butyl alcohol, TBA) resulted in DNAPL swelling and reduced entry into the capillary barrier. However, the trapping of flushing solution, containing PCE, could potentially lead to longer remediation times.
Physical and chemical characteristics of cenospheres from the combustion of heavy fuel oil

Photomicrography of particle cross sections, measurements of density, porosity, and surface area, and determinations of chemical compositions, have been used in conjunction with SEM of surface structure to characterize cenospheres generated by combustion of residual oil in a steam power plant. Large and small cenospheres, which respectively fall into the 100-200 and small 20-40 micron range, are spheroidal and hollow, with at least one blowhole; outer/inner diameter ratios for the shells are of the order of 1.3-1.4. Typically, a cenosphere contains only about 18 vol pct solid material. The presence of S, Fe, Na, and V in substantial concentrations presage high temperature heat exchanger surface corrosion problems due to cenosphere deposition.