cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oral Cavity Cancer

In the course of managing a patient with carcinoma of the oral cavity, depending on the clinical situation, the clinician will have to make crucial decisions in the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of the cancer. Based on the case of a patient with a squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior-lateral floor of the mouth, staged T2N0, this chapter presents a concise, comprehensive discussion of the best evidence available to enable the reader to decide what is the best method to assess mandibular invasion, whether or not the patient should undergo panendoscopy, have and ultrasound (US) of the neck, and a CT or MRI scan of the neck, and whether or not a PET scan or a PET/CT should be obtained. Then, based on the case of a patient with a squamous cell carcinoma of the lateral border of the tongue, clinically staged T2N0, the authors discuss pertinent decisions regarding the treatment of the primary tumor, such as whether to recommend surgery or radiation, how wide a margin of normal tissue should be resected around the tumor, emphasizing the implications of having initially positive margins. Regarding management of the cervical lymph nodes, the reader will find a thorough discussion of the available evidence supporting observation of the neck, sentinel node biopsy and elective neck dissection, as well as the evidence-based indications for postoperative adjuvant therapy.
Review and Classification of Occult Spinal Dysraphism and Tethered Cord Syndrome in Children

Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) or occult spinal dysraphism sequence is a collection of neurological conditions that potentially result from the abnormal fixation of the spinal cord secondary to a developmentally acquired or postoperative pathology. We present a schema for TCS consisting of etiology, embryology, pathophysiology, presentation, and classification in order to facilitate the comprehension and discussion of this complex topic. Our review focuses on closed rather than open spinal dysraphisms because those cases are generally more inconspicuous in presentation and, for that reason, likely to create diagnostic delays that can adversely affect patients.
Barron County, Wisc., Pipestone Quarry

(1954). Barron County, Wisc., Pipestone Quarry. Rocks & Minerals: Vol. 29, No. 7-8, pp. 396-397.
Sleep, Circadian Rhythms, and Fertility

Adequate sleep is crucial for general health and wellbeing. Although the neuronal control of the reproductive axis and sleep-generating neurons share an anatomical location, little is known regarding the impact of sleep and circadian disruption on fertility in women. Animal models have established clear circadian control of the pre-ovulatory luteinizing hormone surge. Additionally, disruption of the circadian timing system by exposure to abnormal light-dark cycles or mutations of core clock genes results in diminished reproductive capacity in animals. Abnormalities in menstruation, fertility, and early pregnancy maintenance in female shift workers provide evidence for a role of circadian rhythms in the reproductive health of women. Reproductive hormones may modify sleep, and the relationship is bidirectional such that sleep disruption may alter the profile of reproductive hormone secretion. Therefore, sleep, apart from its circadian timing, may also have relevance in attaining pregnancy. Additionally, infertility is associated with psychological distress which may result in poor quality sleep. The interaction between psychological distress and disturbed sleep in reproduction has garnered minimal attention and may be a crucial factor to consider during the evaluation and treatment of infertility. This work reviews animal models and evidence in women that suggest a role for sleep and circadian rhythms in reproductive health and reveals areas that require future investigation.
Electrical Detection of Spin Backflow from an Antiferromagnetic Insulator/ Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 Interface

Spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) has been observed in Pt/NiO/Y_{3}Fe_{5}O_{12} (YIG) heterostructures with characteristics very different from those in Pt/YIG. This phenomenon indicates that a spin current generated by the spin Hall effect in Pt transmits through the insulating NiO and is reflected from the NiO/YIG interface. The SMR in Pt/NiO/YIG shows a strong temperature dependence dominated by effective spin conductance, due to antiferromagnetic magnons and spin fluctuation. Inverted SMR has been observed below a temperature which increases with the NiO thickness, suggesting a spin-flip reflection from the antiferromagnetic NiO exchange coupled with the YIG.
De quin món véns? Aprenent de les arrels transmèdia de netprov

Aquest article explora una serie de projectes de netprov, una forma d'art hibrida que utilitza tecnologies disponibles en les combinacions transmedia com a suport per a jocs de rol improvisats i per a crear narratives ficticies en temps real. A partir de la implementacio d'una Experiencia Air-B-N-Em , presentem els resultats del nostre objectiu d'usar trucs provats en el temps partint de la tradicio literaria, teatral i ludica i d'altres tradicions creatives. L'objectiu de la nostra recerca es, per tant, rebutjar la divisio de la tradicio creativa en compartiments que es produeix fins i tot a nivell individual.
Raising the Bar for Teacher Professional Learning and Development? Or Just Cruel Optimism?.

The political schooling emphasis on fixed fiscal input and improved student outcomes constitutes a significant challenge for practitioners who are held accountable for the quality of education provision. Professional learning and development (PLD) is a key policy lever for shifting practice in schools and driving philosophical change. In recent years, there have been moves to increase control of both PLD funding directions (the what) and the nature of the service provision (the who), with providers requiring accreditation. This article provides brief commentary on the history of PLD provision and a consideration of whether moves to regulate providers could be another form of ‘cruel optimism’, a good idea at the time yet in actuality, an obstacle to flourishing.
Cytogenetic Abnormalities in Uveal Melanoma Based on Tumor Features and Size in 1059 Patients: The 2016 W. Richard Green Lecture

Purpose To determine the risks for altered cytogenetic profile based on melanoma features and size. Design Retrospective case series. Participants A total of 1059 patients with uveal melanoma. Methods Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of tumor for DNA amplification and whole genome array–based assay. Main Outcome Measures Risk for cytogenetic abnormalities based on features and size: small (≤3 mm thickness), medium (>3– Results Of 1059 patients with uveal melanoma sampled for status of chromosomes 3, 6, and 8, comparison (normal [disomy] chromosomes 3, 6, and 8 vs. any 3, 6, or 8 abnormality) revealed differences in mean age (55 vs. 58 years, P = 0.018), ocular melanocytosis (1% vs. 5%, P = 0.027), mean visual acuity (VA) (20/30 vs. 20/50, P = 0.011), poor VA (≤20/200) (9% vs. 15%, P = 0.041), ciliary body location (5% vs. 11%, P P P P P P P P = 0.053), 6p gain (3.78, P P = 0.537), 6p loss (2.52, P = 0.410), 6q loss (12.61, P P P P P P P P P = 0.008), ocular melanocytosis (3.95, P = 0.038), and thickness ≥8 mm (5.14, P P = 0.001), thickness >8 mm (4.44, P P = 0.049). Conclusions Increasing melanoma size demonstrates greater cytogenetic alterations. Alterations in chromosome 8 show unique correlation with melanocytosis. This suggests that prompt management of small melanoma might reduce chromosomal instability and could improve overall patient survival.
NDEx: A Community Resource for Sharing and Publishing of Biological Networks

Networks are a powerful and flexible paradigm that facilitate communication and computation about interactions of any type, whether social, economic, or biological. NDEx, the Network Data Exchange, is an online commons to enable new modes of collaboration and publication using biological networks. NDEx creates an access point and interface to a broad range of networks, whether they express molecular interactions, curated relationships from literature, or the outputs of systematic analysis of big data. Research organizations can use NDEx as a distribution channel for networks they generate or curate. Developers of bioinformatic applications can store and query NDEx networks via a common programmatic interface. NDEx can also facilitate the integration of networks as data in electronic publications, thus making a step toward an ecosystem in which networks bearing data, hypotheses, and findings flow seamlessly between scientists.
Error augmentation feedback for lateral weight shifting

This study examines the effect of error augmentation of center of pressure (CoP) visual feedback on the performance of a lateral weight shifting task. Error augmentation emphasizes deviations from a standard CoP trajectory generated from existing data of over 2000 weight shifts collected with young, healthy subjects. Thirty-six subjects completed nine lateral weight shifting sessions, of which four were training sessions between each of the five testing sessions. Half of the subjects received error augmentation feedback during the training sessions, while the other half received the unaltered, control feedback. The change in visual feedback did not affect the final steady state weight shifting performance. Instead, error augmentation feedback was found to drive subjects to their steady-state performance sooner than unaltered visual feedback. The emphasis on deviations from the standard trajectory with error augmentation appears to lead to reduced variation in shifting. This finding may be useful in generating novel therapies that improve the efficiency of balance rehabilitation.
Haloperidol Effects on Morphine Self-Administration: Testing for Pharmacological Modification of the Primary Reinforcement Mechanism

Rats were allowed to acquire morphine self-administration behavior and then were extinguished. Following extinction, pre-treatment with saline and various doses of haloperidol were given before a reacquisition test. Reacquisition data indicated that a low dose of haloperidol increased self-administration, while higher doses reduced responding. Data from a second experiment using conditioned reinforcement demonstrated that haloperidol did not block the reinforcing action of morphine. Results are discussed in terms of a need to differentiate between reinforcement antagonism and motor impairment.
Kinesin-5 Mediated Chromosome Congression in Insect Spindles

Introduction The microtubule motor protein kinesin-5 is well known to establish the bipolar spindle by outward sliding of antiparallel interpolar microtubules. In yeast, kinesin-5 also facilitates chromosome alignment “congression” at the spindle equator by preferentially depolymerizing long kinetochore microtubules (kMTs). The motor protein kinesin-8 has also been linked to chromosome congression. Therefore, we sought to determine whether kinesin-5 or kinesin-8 facilitates chromosome congression in insect spindles.
Current Understanding of the Genetic Causes of Keloid Formation

Keloids are an exuberant response to cutaneous wound healing. Several lines of evidence suggest that keloid scarring is influenced by genetic factors. This review will discuss our current understanding of genetic influences on keloidal scarring via familial inheritance patterns; ethnic differences in prevalence; syndromes with keloid occurrence; linkage analysis, genome-wide association studies, and admixture mapping studies; transforming growth factor beta and p53 variant studies; and human leukocyte antigen polymorphisms.
Mechanisms of Resistance in the Systemic Mycoses

Infection by zoopathogenic fungi frequently results only in inapparent, subclinical, or completely benign disease (Rippon, 1974). Malignant consequences from such infections are quite rare (Salvin, 1972). Thus animals must have very efficient ways of dealing with potentially invasive and destructive fungi. This efficiency is further exemplified by the fact that immunologically compromised hosts are dreadfully susceptible to a large number of species of fungi which have no obvious effect on normal individuals (Chick et al., 1975). It is, then, not surprising that the literature is replete with descriptions of the ways that physiologically normal animals resist the penetration or preclude the multiplication of fungi in vital tissues (Austwick, 1972; Salvin, 1972).
Plasmodium–Mosquito Interactions: A Tale of Roadblocks and Detours

Abstract Mosquitoes serve as the obligate vectors for the transmission of malaria parasites. During its sexual life cycle within the mosquito, the parasite must undergo several morphological changes and overcome developmental bottlenecks to ensure its successful transmission to a new vertebrate host. Here we review our current understanding of the molecular interactions that occur between Plasmodium parasites and its mosquito (Genus: Anopheles) host, from the initial uptake of gametocytes in the blood meal to the delivery of sporozoites through the bite of the mosquito. By reviewing our understanding of the physical and molecular barriers that the parasite must evade and endure, we hope to capitalize upon our knowledge to develop strategies to interfere with malaria transmission.
Iterative Storytelling in Public Policy: A Systems Thinking Approach

This chapter claims that iterative storytelling is a critical function of public policymaking and can provide a systematic mechanism to better understand the how and why of public policies. Further, it is posited that if public policy scholars or practitioners can first tell a comprehensive story of their research, then they can build an appropriately bounded and useful model. Using system dynamics (SD), the essay argues that the “language and the thinking skills” of writing are analogous to the tools necessary to build models of complex public policy problems [Richmond, Barry (2004) An Introduction to Systems Thinking. 2011 STELLA Software Manual. ISEE Systems]. The essay also argues that the critical, sequential tasks for addressing complex public policy problems include (1) telling a comprehensive initial story, (2) building a model, (3) implementing the underlying model, and (4) continually updating the initial story as more information becomes available. The chapter presents public policy stories and demonstrates how to convert “policy modeling paragraphs” into SD causal loop diagrams and stock-and-flow models suitable for simulation and subsequent policy decision making using an international relations story and the Infinite Loop Phenomenology concept.
The Development of Non-Noetherian Grade and Its Applications

Hochster and Barger were the first to introduce notions of grade for non-Noetherian rings. Their work laid the foundation for Alfonsi’s work which unified and generalized these earlier definitions. The various notions of grade have played an important role in the development of the theory of coherent rings. This paper looks at the historical development of non-Noetherian grade, as well as its applications.
Accurate detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with metastatic papillary thyroid cancer (MPTC) via an interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (IFISH) assay.

e17550Background: CTC enumeration in MPTC with EPCAM assays has been unsuccessful. We used an IFISH assay employing simultaneous analysis of 4 DNA probes derived from copy number variations detecte...
Similarities and differences in infrasound propagation effects between arctic and temperate environments

Meteorological conditions in an arctic environment differ significantly from those in a temperate environment. Atmospheric phenomena particular to polar regions, including wind patterns such as the polar vortex and low-level jets above strongly stable layers, strong temperature and humidity gradients, and density currents, could have unique impacts on infrasound propagation that are not observed in temperate locations. In this study, parabolic-equation simulations of sound propagation are performed using measured meteorological conditions for summer and winter conditions in temperate and arctic locations. The similarities and differences in environmental conditions between these two locations and their relative impact on the predicted transmission loss are examined. For summer conditions, a comparison to measured data from explosive sources is performed for both temperate and arctic locations.
CW Laser Spectroscopy of the Triplet Manifold of Magnesium

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses CW laser spectroscopy of the triplet manifold of magnesium. The energy-pooling reactions of the metastable Mg (3p3 P) atoms are considered as an attractive means for generating high yields of excited-state Mg population for developing new short wavelength lasers. In addition, metastable Mg is used as the medium in the atomic filter that operates at a strong Fraunhofer line of the solar spectrum. Intrinsic characteristics of the pulsed lasers—such as low resolution and short interaction time—are undesirable in certain experiments. A CW single-mode dye laser provides an attractive alternative. It offers advantages such as ultrahigh resolution -0.001 cm-1, high reproducibility, linear wavelength scans, well-characterized spatial modes, long integration times, and negligible nonlinear effects. Broadening and line-shifting cross sections are obtained for the intercombination line and first triplet transition for the first time. Nonradiative decay of the 3d3 D level in the presence of helium has also been recorded.
Adjuvant therapy in renal cell carcinoma

Localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has an associated risk of recurrence after nephrectomy. Several clinical risk models attempt to predict oncologic outcomes based on clinical and pathologic features. In addition, novel gene signatures have been developed to refine risk prediction based on tumor biology. Systemic therapies targeting angiogenic pathways that are effective in metastatic RCC failed to show an improvement in overall survival in the adjuvant setting. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown significant antitumor activity with prolonged and durable responses in metastatic RCC, which led to an interest in evaluating these agents in the adjuvant setting. In this review, clinical risk-predictive models, novel gene signatures, major clinical trials completed in the adjuvant setting, ongoing immune checkpoint inhibitor trials, and the perspective of adjuvant treatment in RCC are discussed.
Black to the Future: State Action Doctrine and the White Jury

In 1967, Charles Black described the “the ‘state action’ problem” as “the most important problem in American law,” and in 2019, racial inequality is one of the most important problems in the American criminal justice system. This article asserts that Black’s critique of state action doctrine applies with equal force to courts’ analysis of claims that a criminal jury has not been selected from a fair cross-section of the community. The Sixth Amendment right to a jury selected from a fair cross-section of one’s community is a fundamental constitutional guarantee, essential to both the perception and reality of justice. Jury pools across the country, however, fail to include sufficient numbers of African-Americans and Latinos, even as those same groups are disproportionately overrepresented among criminal defendants. But when defendants argue that their constitutional right to a fair cross-section has been violated, courts almost always deny their claims. This article exposes one reason for those denials: courts are applying the wrong legal standard. Specifically, courts are importing state action doctrine from the Fourteenth Amendment into fair cross-section analysis. State action doctrine is not only a poor fit with the affirmative rights guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment, its application to fair cross-section cases is plagued by the same incoherence that has engendered such scathing critique in the equal protection context. As a result, courts are undermining the government’s constitutional obligation to produce racially representative jury pools by sidestepping the substantive task of balancing constitutional values. Courts are replacing this necessary balancing with a formalist emphasis on drawing lines between categories (public vs. private, action vs. inaction) that are porous and imprecise. The courts’ failure to engage with the hard constitutional questions underlying Sixth Amendment fair cross-section claims has produced – just as Charles Black observed fifty years ago in the Fourteenth Amendment context – an incoherent doctrine that deprives people of a remedy for constitutional injuries. And although the constitutional injury is visited on African-American and Latino defendants who face all-white jury pools, the damage done to the public’s faith in the justice system has repercussions for us all.
The History of the Development of Ureteral Endoscopy

Ureteral and renal endoscopy have grown from the earliest attempts at visualization within the bladder. The basic features necessary for endoscopy have been recognized and developed over these years. Visualization is the basic essential function. To obtain that purpose requires a mechanism to deliver the imaging system, to illuminate the target area, and to distend the target organ.
Arctic Policy Developments and Marine Transportation

Arctic natural resource development is a major factor in the growth of marine traffic in the Arctic Ocean early in the twenty-first century. Marine transportation systems are needed to move these resources out of the Arctic by sea to global markets, and the most visible increases in marine operations and shipping are occurring along Russia’s Northern Sea Route. Arctic marine access is also changing in unprecedented ways with the profound retreat of Arctic sea ice in all seasons. In response to these extraordinary changes in the maritime Arctic, the Arctic states and maritime community at the International Maritime Organization (IMO) negotiated and approved a new Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (the Polar Code), a set of mandatory and uniform regulations to enhance marine safety and environmental protection that came fully into force in July 2018. The Arctic states have also signed two binding agreements or treaties that address Arctic search and rescue (SAR), and Arctic oil pollution. In the Arctic Council a major study, the Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment (AMSA), was conducted 2004–2009 providing a policy document for the Arctic states that focused on the protection of Arctic people and the marine environment. AMSA continues to be a valuable baseline assessment of Arctic marine use, a strategic guide to a host stakeholder, and a policy framework for the Arctic Council since the recommendations were negotiated by the Arctic states. Future Arctic marine policies and actions will be needed to address heavy fuel oil in Arctic waters, implementation and enforcement of the Polar Code, an Arctic Ocean emissions control zone, ship monitoring and surveillance systems, and a host of marine infrastructure challenges. The environmental security challenges of future Arctic navigation will require unprecedented cooperation in maritime affairs among the Arctic states, flag states, the people who live in the Arctic, and the global maritime enterprise.
Review of After Gun Violence: Deliberation and Memory in the Age of Political Gridlock by Craig Rood (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2019)

Review of After Gun Violence: Deliberation and Memory in the Age of Political Gridlock by Craig Rood (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2019)
Evaluation of Rosa Species Accessions for Resistance to Eriophyid Mites1

Abstract Rose rosette disease, caused by rose rosette virus (RRV), is an epidemic affecting nearly every rose cultivar in the United States. The only hosts for Phyllocoptes fructiphilus, the erioph...
Potential of Glial Cell Modulators in the Management of Substance Use Disorders.

The pervasive and devastating nature of substance use disorders underlies the need for the continued development of novel pharmacotherapies. We now know that glia play a much greater role in neuronal processes than once believed. The various types of glial cells (e.g., astrocytes, microglial, oligodendrocytes) participate in numerous functions that are crucial to healthy central nervous system function. Drugs of abuse have been shown to interact with glia in ways that directly contribute to the pharmacodynamic effects responsible for their abuse potential. Through their effect upon glia, drugs of abuse also alter brain function resulting in behavioral changes associated with substance use disorders. Therefore, drug-induced changes in glia and inflammation within the central nervous system (neuroinflammation) have been investigated to treat various aspects of drug abuse and dependence. This article presents a brief overview of the effects of each of the major classes of addictive drugs on glia. Next, the paper reviews the pre-clinical and clinical studies assessing the effects that glial modulators have on abuse-related behavioral effects, such as pleasure, withdrawal, and motivation. There is a strong body of pre-clinical literature demonstrating the general effectiveness of several glia-modulating drugs in models of reward and relapse. Clinical studies have also yielded promising results, though not as robust. There is still much to disentangle regarding the integration between addictive drugs and glial cells. Improved understanding of the relationship between glia and the pathophysiology of drug abuse should allow for more precise exploration in the development and testing of glial-directed treatments for substance use disorders.
Mechanisms of Action of Autophagy Modulators Dissected by Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Analysis

Autophagy plays an essential role in cell survival/death and functioning. Modulation of autophagy has been recognized as a promising therapeutic strategy against diseases/disorders associated with uncontrolled growth or accumulation of biomolecular aggregates, organelles, or cells including those caused by cancer, aging, neurodegeneration, and liver diseases such as α1-antitrypsin deficiency. Numerous pharmacological agents that enhance or suppress autophagy have been discovered. However, their molecular mechanisms of action are far from clear. Here, we collected a set of 225 autophagy modulators and carried out a comprehensive quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) analysis of their targets using both existing databases and predictions made by our machine learning algorithm. Autophagy modulators include several highly promiscuous drugs (e.g., artenimol and olanzapine acting as activators, fostamatinib as an inhibitor, or melatonin as a dual-modulator) as well as selected drugs that uniquely target specific proteins (~30% of modulators). They are mediated by three layers of regulation: (i) pathways involving core autophagy-related (ATG) proteins such as mTOR, AKT, and AMPK; (ii) upstream signaling events that regulate the activity of ATG pathways such as calcium-, cAMP-, and MAPK-signaling pathways; and (iii) transcription factors regulating the expression of ATG proteins such as TFEB, TFE3, HIF-1, FoxO, and NF-κB. Our results suggest that PKA serves as a linker, bridging various signal transduction events and autophagy. These new insights contribute to a better assessment of the mechanism of action of autophagy modulators as well as their side effects, development of novel polypharmacological strategies, and identification of drug repurposing opportunities.
Inhomogeneity Correction in Magnetic Resonance Images Using Deep Image Priors

Intensity inhomogeneity in magnetic resonance (MR) images can decrease the performance of image processing, such as segmentation and registration. In this work, we propose an unsupervised learning approach to correct the inhomogeneity of an MR image based on deep image priors (DIPs). In DIPs, the structure of the convolutional neural networks was previously shown to capture the prior probability of an image, which has been demonstrated in several applications such as image denoising, segmentation, and super resolution. To obtain an inhomogeneity-free MR image, the problem was formulated in a Bayesian inference framework. The priors of the image and inhomogeneity field were captured by two DIPs and their likelihood was modeled based on the observed image. The approximated expectation of the posterior was calculated to get the corrected image using a stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics algorithm. Since we modeled the noise distribution, the proposed method is simultaneously capable of denoising to some extent. We compared our method with N4, a popular inhomogeneity correction method, in a simulated data set and a couple of real data sets, statistically showing that it has comparable or even superior performance than N4 when the inhomogeneity is severe or noise is high.
INFLUENCE OF COBALT, SHEEP ERYTHROPOIETIN AND SEVERAL HORMONES ON ERYTHROPOIESIS IN BONE MARROWS OF ISOLATED PERFUSED HIND LIMBS OF DOGS.

A technic has been developed for studying the femoral bone marrow of the dog by perfusing the isolated hind limb. With the use of this method, bone marrows were perfused for 4-6 hours with donor dog blood alone and blood containing sheep erythropoietin, cobalt, growth hormone, hydrocortisone, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine or testosterone. Significant increases were seen in nucleated erythroid cell counts within femoral marrows perfused with blood containing sheep erythropoietin and cobalt. A slight increase was also noted in the bone marrows from limbs in which growth hormone was added to the perfusion system. It may be concluded from these experiments that erythropoietin, cobalt and growth hormone are capable of stimulating erythroid hyperplasia in the bone marrow directly.
Does salivary telomere length explain race/ethnic differences in aging?

Telomere length (TL) is a biomarker that can be used to characterize variability in aging and may explain race/ethnic differences in aging. Yet, it remains unclear if TL is related to aging-associa...
Heterogeneous Power Delivery for 7nm High-Performance Chiplet-Based Processors Using Integrated Passive Device and In-Package Voltage Regulator

We demonstrate two heterogeneous solutions to improve power delivery to High-Performance Computing (HPC) processors. The scalable HPC vehicle integrates two 7nm CMOS processor chiplets, each with four ARM® Cortex®-A72 cores, that are mounted on a Chip-on-Wafer-on-Substrate (CoWoS®) silicon interposer [1]. In the first solution, Integrated Passive Device (IPD) capacitors are placed directly beneath the interposer to provide more accessible and effective supply noise decoupling. The result is 3.9% higher maximum clock frequency at a core supply of 1.135V. In the second solution, the processor is powered by a laterally mounted in-Package Voltage Regulator (PVR) built in 28nm CMOS augmented with high-per-meability on-die inductors. The processor performance provided by the buck converter-based PVR matches that by an off-package External Voltage Regulator (EVR). As processor power increases with higher core counts, PVRs with on-die inductors will be increasingly compelling for efficient system power delivery.
Nonignorable item nonresponse in panel data

To estimate unknown population parameters based on panel data having nonignorable item nonresponse, we propose an innovative data grouping approach according to the number of observed components in...
Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) insecurity will exacerbate the toll of COVID-19 on women and girls in low-income countries

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is having a significant global impact on livelihoods, health, and general well-being. This policy brief argues that in low-income countries (LICs) ...
Inducible knockout of Clec16a in mice results in sensory neurodegeneration

CLEC16A has been shown to play a role in autophagy/mitophagy processes. Additionally, genetic variants in CLEC16A have been implicated in multiple autoimmune diseases. We generated an inducible whole-body knockout, Clec16aΔUBC mice, to investigate the loss of function of CLEC16A. The mice exhibited a neuronal phenotype including tremors and impaired gait that rapidly progressed to dystonic postures. Nerve conduction studies and pathological analysis revealed loss of sensory axons that are associated with this phenotype. Activated microglia and astrocytes were found in regions of the CNS. Several mitochondrial-related proteins were up- or down-regulated. Upregulation of interferon stimulated gene 15 (IGS15) were observed in neuronal tissues. CLEC16A expression inversely related to IGS15 expression. ISG15 may be the link between CLEC16A and downstream autoimmune, inflammatory processes. Our results demonstrate that a whole-body, inducible knockout of Clec16a in mice results in an inflammatory neurodegenerative phenotype resembling spinocerebellar ataxia.
Opportunistic Navigation with Doppler Measurements from Iridium Next and Orbcomm LEO Satellites

A framework for opportunistic navigation with multi-constellation low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite signals is proposed. A receiver architecture suitable for processing both time division (TDMA) and frequency division multiple access (FMDA) signals from Orbcomm and Iridium NEXT satellites is presented to produce Doppler frequency measurements from multi-constellation LEO satellites. An extended Kalman filter (EKF)-based estimator is formulated to solve for a stationary receiver's position using the resulting Doppler measurements. Experimental results are presented showing receiver positioning with one Orbcomm satellite and four Iridium NEXT satellite with an unprecedented final position error 22.7 m.
Transcriptomics of developing wild sunflower seeds from the extreme ends of a latitudinal gradient differing in seed oil composition

Seed oil composition, an important agronomic trait in cultivated sunflower, varies latitudinally across the native range of its wild progenitor. This pattern is thought to be driven by selection for a higher proportion of saturated fatty acids in southern populations compared to northern populations, likely due to the different temperatures experienced during seed germination. To investigate whether these differences in fatty acid composition between northern and southern populations correspond to transcriptional variation in the expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, we sequenced RNA from developing seeds of sunflowers from Texas, USA and Saskatchewan, Canada (the extreme ends of sunflower9s latitudinal range) grown in a common garden. Over 4,000 genes were found to be differentially expressed between Texas and Canada, including several genes involved in lipid metabolism. Many differentially expressed oil metabolism genes colocalized with known oil QTL. The genes producing stearoyl-ACP-desaturases (SAD) were of particular interest because of their known role in the conversion of fully saturated into unsaturated fatty acids. Two SAD genes were more highly expressed in seeds from Canadian populations, consistent with the observation of increased levels of unsaturated fatty acids in seeds from that region. We also constructed a gene co-expression network to investigate regional variation in network modules. The results of this analysis revealed regional differentiation for eight of twelve modules, but no clear relationship with oil biosynthesis. Overall, the differential expression of SAD genes offers a partial explanation for the observed differences in seed oil composition between Texas and Canada, while the expression patterns of other metabolic genes suggest complex regulation of fatty acid production and usage across latitudes.
How Does Diversity Affect Team Cognitive Processes? Understanding the Cognitive Pathways Underlying the Diversity Dividend in Teams

The diversity literature has long proposed that diversity benefits team performance because the broader range of information, knowledge, and perspectives that members with different attributes brin...
General Safety Principles

This chapter contains safety tips applicable to most procedures. Gather all materials in advance to avoid improvisation or intraoperative delays. Keep the surgical tray within reach and organized, with materials out of their wrappers. Do not use uncontrolled force to assemble, disassemble, or operate a device. Discard non-functional or broken equipment rather than trying to fix them. Keep the stock bottles off the surgical stand and closed when not in use. Be present in the moment while operating. Do not operate when tired, hungry, or rushed. Avoid using fingers instead of forceps to grasp or support tissue. Do not perform procedures on standing patients. Avoid doing procedures without an assistant present. Avoid performing procedures outside of your skill set. Never handoff sharps; rather, place them in a neutral zone for retrieval. Do not catch a falling instrument; let it drop. Do not compress overflowing garbage with your hands. Sift through dirty trays in search of sharps with forceps rather than fingers.
Force XXI Land Warrior: implementing spoken commands for soldier wearable systems

Implementing effective control systems for wearable computers presents numerous design challenges, especially when the end users are soldiers who need to use their hands to control weapons rather than computers. The paper describes the work performed and the results achieved by the System Voice Control team on the Force XXI Land Warrior (FXXI LW) project at Motorola. This team integrated Motorola's CVoxCon Speech recognition system into an existing soldier computer system. The successful CVoxCon implementation suggests guidance for other efforts and areas for future investigation.
How to motivate faster growth in Colombia: the leading sector strategy revisited

This paper reproduces two public lectures given at an Incolda conference in Bogota, October 1, 2002 on «La Realidad de la Economia Colombiana ». It reviews the great structuralchanges in output and employment over recent decades and how macroeconomic policies can strengthen or weaken the natural forces underlying these changes. It distinguishes between potentially inflationary policies designed to increase demand ina monetary sense, and those that focus on institutional changes that enhance competition and mobility. It explains how inflation distorts the allocation of resources, and why it especially harms long-term housing finance and exports. It explains the logic of Lauchlin Currie?s leading sector theory of growth and shows whyand how housing and exports can be given special protection to accelerate development.
Learning models of other agents using influence diagrams

We adopt decision theory as a descriptive paradigm to model rational agents. We use influence diagrams as a modeling representation of agents, which is used to interact with them and to predict their behavior. We provide a framework that an agent can use to learn the models of other agents in a multi-agent system (MAS) based on their observed behavior. Since the correct model is usually not known with certainty our agents maintain a number of possible models and assign them probabilities of being correct. When none of the available models is likely to be correct, we modify one of them to better account for the observed behaviors. The modification refines the parameters of the influence diagram used to model the other agent’s capabilities, preferences, or beliefs. The modified model is then allowed to compete with the other models and the probability assigned to it being correct can be arrived at based on how well it predicts the observed behaviors of the other agent.
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF 5-FLUOROURACIL ON STRAINS OF BACILLUS MEGATERIUM

Wachsman, J. T. (University of Illinois, Urbana), S. Kemp, and L. Hogg. Comparative effects of 5-fluorouracil on strains of Bacillus megaterium. J. Bacteriol. 87:1011–1018. 1964.—Growth of Bacillus megaterium strain KM is severely inhibited by 5-fluorouracil (FU). Both thymidine and uridine are required to overcome this inhibition. The addition of uridine alone to a FU-inhibited culture permits good ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein synthesis for the first 2 hr, but rather poor deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Uridine enhances the bactericidal effect of FU, promoting a decrease in the viable count of from 4 to 5 decades in 5 hr. Death begins after a 1-hr lag and is accompanied by hydrolysis of RNA and cell lysis, commencing during the 2- to 5-hr interval. The combination of FU and uridine is not bactericidal, when a methionine auxotroph is deprived of its required amino acid. Substrains of KM, partially resistant to FU, were isolated. Strain T2 requires only thymidine to overcome the inhibitory effects of FU, whereas strain FU/2 requires only uridine. With a uridine auxotroph of strain KM, FU partially replaces uridine by permitting a small, but reproducible, increase in the amount of protein.
Empowering Faculty to Develop and Share Global Knowledge.

As colleges seek to increase global knowledge within its students, it is important that faculty members are also offered opportunities to increase their own knowledge of global issues. This chapter discusses faculty development models for seminars abroad and how these seminars encourage the development of unique global study programs.
Method for Fingerprinting Yeast Cell Wall Mannans

Controlled acetolysis of yeast mannans yields mixtures of oligosaccharides with (1→2) and (1→3) linkages between the mannose units, whereas the less stable (1→6) linkages of the polysaccharide backbone are cleaved. The “fingerprints,” obtained by gel filtration of the oligosaccharide mixtures, can be used to distinguish between the different yeast mannans. The general method may be useful for determining the taxonomy of yeasts and for making correlations between immunochemical reactivity and mannan structure.
Hemin Replaces Serum as a Growth Requirement for Naegleria

Four strains of Naegleria gruberi were grown axenically without serum. Serum was replaced by hemin or two selected hemoproteins. Aside from the utility of eliminating serum from the culture medium, the present work shows that Naegleria does not require intact protein, and establishes a specific micronutrient requirement for this amoebo-flagellate.
Virtual information in data-base systems

This paper examines the concept and implications of virtual information in data base systems. Virtual information is any fact which does not physically exist in the data base, but is nonetheless accessible through combinations of algorithms and other data. Physically recorded information is only one of a number of ways to obtain information from a data-base system. Viewing an information system as a collection of functions shows that pure data and pure algorithm from the endpoints of a spectrum of ways function values can be realized, with the middle range being various types of virtual information. Several classes of virtual information are identified, and their usefulness is examined to show the appropriateness of the concept in a data-base system. Finally, the model is evaluated in light of the implications of virtual information for inference and automatic restructuring within a data base.
The Cholesterol Wars: The Skeptics vs. the Preponderance of Evidence. Daniel Steinberg. San Diego, CA, Academic Press-Elsevier, 2007, ISBN: 978-0-12-373979-7.

Although this book is unlikely to be found on any national bestseller lists, I found it to be quite informative and surprisingly entertaining. I read the book while vacationing in northern Wisconsin and found it difficult to set aside. I was aware that cholesterol was a somewhat controversial issue for a few scientists with respect to its role in heart disease, but Daniel Steinberg, a respected physician and national authority on treating patients with increased cholesterol and lipids, provides a fascinating historical synopsis of this controversy and the science behind evidence regarding cholesterol’s role in promoting atherosclerosis. The author has carefully interwoven the scientific research achievements with the concerns of critics regarding the labeling of cholesterol as the culprit and leading cause for heart disease. Perhaps my enthusiasm for this book is based on my 30-plus year interest in cholesterol, so my recommendation of this book both for its science and entertainment value should include this disclaimer. The author begins the “cholesterol controversy” by taking us back to the early study by Russian scientists, Antichlor and Chalatov, which reported that cholesterol fed to rabbits resulted in arterial lesions (“fatty streaks”), pathologically consistent with those found in human tissue both “grossly and microscopically.” At the time of this initial report in 1913, atherosclerosis was considered simply to be a consequence of aging and unrelated to any lipid entity. However, the controversial role of cholesterol as a causative factor was …
Environmental regulation of foraging in the sand fiddler crab Uca pugilator (Bosc 1802)

Sand fiddler crabs Uca pugilator (Bosc 1802) live in burrows in the high intertidal to supratidal zones of sandflats and salt marshes. Large groups of crabs regularly leave their burrows to forage on exposed sediments in the low intertidal zone. They are known to forage in response to chemical cues. We hypothesized that environmental factors that vary predictably in field sediment play a role in determining where fiddler crabs forage. To test this hypothesis, we determined the effects of four physical sediment characteristics on chemically mediated feeding behavior in U. pugilator: (1) sediment organic content; (2) the salinity of interstitial water; (3) sediment grain size; and (4) sediment water content. Our results indicate that sediment organic content and sediment water content are the most important factors that determine where fiddler crabs forage. Optimal sediment is a mixture of sizes dominated by 0.125 and 0.250 mm sands. This condition is constant across the intertidal zone. Salinity, the most variable of the environmental factors, has no effect upon feeding responses. Optimal conditions for feeding are found in sediment with organic content at or above 1.0% that is fully saturated with water. Complete saturation allows the entire dactyl to penetrate the sediment. Consequently, dactyl chemoreceptors are maximally stimulated. Optimal conditions are found in a band several meters wide immediately above the water. The band moves with the tide. Physical factors (sediment water content), rather than biological factors (food content), are responsible for temporal patchiness of the foraging environment of fiddler crabs.
Nucleating New Branches from Old

Centrosome- and chromatin-based microtubule nucleation pathways have been implicated in spindle assembly. Using total internal reflection fluorescent microscopy and Xenopus egg extracts, Petry et al. demonstrate that new microtubules can also nucleate and branch out from existing ones in animal cells.
Monomeric α-synuclein binds Congo Red micelles in a disordered manner.

The histological dye Congo Red (CR) previously has been shown to inhibit α-synuclein (aS) fibrillation, but the mode of this inhibition remained unclear. Because of favorable exchange kinetics, interaction between CR and aS lends itself to a detailed nuclear magnetic resonance study, and relaxation dispersion measurements yield the bound fraction and time scales for the interaction of aS with CR. We find that at pH 6, CR exists as a micelle, and at a CR:aS molar ratio of ∼1, only a small fraction of aS (∼2%) is bound to these micelles. Rapid exchange (kex ∼ 3000 s–1) between the free and CR-bound states broadens and strongly attenuates resonances of aS by two processes: a magnetic field-dependent contribution, caused by the chemical shift difference between the two states, and a nearly field-independent contribution caused by slower tumbling of aS bound to the CR micelle. The salt dependence of the interaction suggests a predominantly electrostatic mechanism for the 60 N-terminal residues, while the weake...