cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Culture Wars in the Workplace?: Cultural Antecedents of Workers’ Job Entitlement

This article revisits Hunter’s (1991) culture wars thesis and applies it to an institutional arena that has received comparatively little attention in the culture wars debate—the contemporary American workplace. The authors ask to what extent cultural divisions originating in four broad cultural domains (i.e., social equality, social freedom, multiculturalism, and gender equity) permeate the workplace and impact workers’views of the property rights of jobs. That is, do cultural values originating in the larger society affect workers’evaluations of managerial prerogative to make unilateral decisions in the best interests of the firm without regard to workers’ claims to their jobs? Or, conversely, do such cultural values shape workers’ sense of job entitlement that jobs should be protected in times of changing technology, declining demand for a firm’s product, or other organizational and market imperatives? The authors use data from the Indiana Quality of Employment Survey to examine several hypotheses surrounding this debate. The results suggest that the relationship between cultural values and specific, work-based ideologies are more complicated than Hunter’s original formulation might suggest; that is, there are complex and nonobvious relationships between these four domains of American cultural life and workers’ views concerning job entitlement. These relationships are not significantly mediated by organizational and occupational characteristics normally associated with workplace attitudes. The results speak to broader debates about the role of structure and culture in the sociology of work and the complexity of the ideological landscape of American working life.
Digital Video Steganalysis Exploiting Statistical Visibility in the Temporal Domain

In this paper, we present effective steganalysis techniques for digital video sequences based on interframe collusion that exploits the temporal statistical visibility of a hidden message. Steganalysis is the process of detecting, with high probability, the presence of covert data in multimedia. Present image steganalysis algorithms when applied directly to video sequences on a frame-by-frame basis are suboptimal; we present methods that overcome this limitation by using redundant information present in the temporal domain to detect covert messages embedded via spread-spectrum steganography. Our performance gains are achieved by exploiting the collusion attack that has recently been studied in the field of digital video watermarking and pattern recognition tools. Through analysis and simulations, we evaluate the effectiveness of the video steganalysis based on linear collusion approaches. The proposed steganalysis methods are successful in detecting hidden watermarks bearing low energy with high accuracy. The simulation results also show the improved performance of the proposed temporal-based methods over purely spatial methods
A simplified analysis of the six-element model of a three-phase induction motor

This short paper modifies a previously described method for the analysis of the five-element-per-phase model of a three-phase induction machine to include the sixth element, the stator core loss resistance r/sub fe/. Numerical examples are provided that illustrate the analysis of the resulting six-element model.
Mickey's buddy

Mickey's life has changed forever since his dog died. He found a new dog to keep him company though. He's a good dog but very lazy. He never wants to play ball or even go for a walk without a struggle. See what happens when a surprise visitor stumbles upon them. Copyright held by creator.
Three-Dimensional Cosmological Gravity: Dynamics of Constant Curvature

In three space-time dimensions, Einstein's equations with cosmological constant Λ imply that the curvature is constant outside sources. When particles are present, they alter the global properties of the exterior geometry. In the De Sitter case, space is a two-sphere and static many-body solutions are quite different from their Λ = 0 counterparts; in particular particles lie at antipodal points, with the great-circle wedge between them excised. These configurations are analyzed in terms of the general static solution to the exterior field equations.
Extent of Reduction of Vanadium Oxides during Catalytic Oxidation of Alkanes Measured by in-Situ UV−Visible Spectroscopy

In-situ UV−visible spectroscopy was used to measure the extent of reduction of active centers in VOx/γ-Al2O3 during oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of propane. Prevalent extents of reduction (0.062 to 0.30 e-/V) are much smaller than required for the formation of stoichiometric V3+ or V4+ suboxides. Surface oxygen atoms are the most abundant reactive intermediates during propane ODH, as previously suggested by kinetic and isotopic studies. These measurements involved the rigorous calibration of UV−visible intensities in the pre-edge region using quantitative reoxidation of a small number of centers reduced in H2. Transients observed during changes in C3H8 and O2 concentrations indicate that only a fraction of the prevalent reduced centers (∼30−40%) are active in catalytic turnovers, while the rest are reoxidized in time scales much longer than turnover times. The number of catalytically relevant reduced centers depends only on C3H8/O2 ratios, and not on individual reactant concentrations, indicating that ...
Dopamine Replacement Therapy Does Not Restore the Full Spectrum of Normal Pallidal Activity in the 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetra-Hydropyridine Primate Model of Parkinsonism

Current physiological studies emphasize the role of neuronal oscillations and synchronization in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease; however, little is known about their specific roles in the neuronal substrate of dopamine replacement therapy (DRT). We investigated oscillatory activity and correlations throughout the different states of levodopa-naive parkinsonism as well as "Off-On" and dyskinetic states of DRT in the external globus pallidum (GPe) of tremulous (vervet) and rigid-akinetic (macaque) monkeys and in the internal globus pallidum (GPi) of the vervet monkey. We found that, although oscillatory activity of cells and interneuronal correlation in both pallidal segments increases after induction of parkinsonism with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetra-hydropyridine (MPTP) and decreases in response to DRT, important differences exist between the two pallidal segments. In the GPi, the fraction of oscillatory cells and relative power of oscillations were significantly higher than in the GPe, and the dominant frequency was within the range of 7.5-13.5 Hz compared with a range of 4.5-7.5 Hz within the GPe. The interneuronal correlations were mostly oscillatory in the GPi, whereas at least half are non-oscillatory in the GPe. We demonstrate that the tremor characteristics after exposure to DRT do not resemble those of the normal or the levodopa-naive state. Moreover, although DRT reverses the MPTP-induced neuronal changes (rate, pattern, and pairwise correlations), the balance between GPe and GPi fails to restore. We therefore suggest that this imbalance reflects additional abnormal organization of the basal ganglia networks in response to dopamine replacement and may constitute the physiological substrate of the limitations and side effects of chronic DRT.
Multiyear applications of WRF/Chem over continental U.S.: Model evaluation, variation trend, and impacts of boundary conditions

Multiyear applications of an online-coupled meteorology-chemistry model allow an assessment of the variation trends in simulated meteorology, air quality, and their interactions to changes in emissions and meteorology, as well as the impacts of initial and boundary conditions (ICONs/BCONs) on simulated aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions over a period of time. In this work, the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry version 3.4.1 (WRF/Chem v. 3.4.1) with the 2005 Carbon Bond mechanism coupled with the Volatility Basis Set module for secondary organic aerosol formation (WRF/Chem-CB05-VBS) is applied for multiple years (2001, 2006, and 2010) over continental U.S. This work also examines the changes in simulated air quality and meteorology due to changes in emissions and meteorology and the model's capability in reproducing the observed variation trends in species concentrations from 2001 to 2010. In addition, the impacts of the chemical ICONs/BCONs on model predictions are analyzed. ICONs/BCONs are downscaled from two global models, the modified Community Earth System Model/Community Atmosphere model version 5.1 (CESM/CAM v5.1) and the Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate model (MACC). The evaluation of WRF/Chem-CB05-VBS simulations with the CESM ICONs/BCONs for 2001, 2006, and 2010 shows that temperature at 2 m (T2) is underpredicted for all three years likely due to inaccuracies in soil moisture and soil temperature, resulting in biases in surface relative humidity, wind speed, and precipitation. With the exception of cloud fraction, other aerosol-cloud variables including aerosol optical depth, cloud droplet number concentration, and cloud optical thickness are underpredicted for all three years, resulting in overpredictions of radiation variables. The model performs well for O3 and particulate matter with diameter less than or equal to 2.5 (PM2.5) for all three years comparable to other studies from literature. The model is able to reproduce observed annual average trends in O3 and PM2.5 concentrations from 2001 to 2006 and from 2006 to 2010 but is less skillful in simulating their observed seasonal trends. The 2006 and 2010 results using CESM and MACC ICONs/BCONs are compared to analyze the impact of ICONs/BCONs on model performance and their feedbacks to aerosol, clouds, and radiation. Comparing to the simulations with MACC ICONs/BCONs, the simulations with the CESM ICONs/BCONs improve the performance of O3 mixing ratios (e.g., the normalized mean bias for maximum 8 h O3 is reduced from −17% to −1% in 2010), PM2.5 in 2010, and sulfate in 2006 (despite a slightly larger normalized mean bias for PM2.5 in 2006). The impacts of different ICONs/BCONs on simulated aerosol-cloud-radiation variables are not negligible, with larger impacts in 2006 compared to 2010.
Sex Differences, Effects of Male Presence and Coordination of Nest Visits in Prairie Voles (Microtus ochrogaster) During the Immediate Postnatal Period

Little is known about sex differences in parental behavior of biparental mammals and if mates in such species coordinate care of young. We studied parental care displayed by prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) under seminatural laboratory conditions during the first 3 d of life of their offspring. Through direct observations and videotaping, we monitored members of male-female pairs to determine if sex differences in early parental behavior exist and if mothers and fathers coordinate visits to the nest. To assess the impact of fathers on survival of pups and behavior of mothers, we also examined parental care displayed by single females toward their young. Male and female members of breeding pairs differed dramatically in degree of parental care. Females spent more time in the nest with young and licked them more frequently than did males. Additionally, females maintained the nest more frequently than did males, whereas they maintained runways less frequently. Although coordination of visits to the nest was not perfect between members of pairs, pups of pairs were left alone for less time than were pups of single females. Parental behavior displayed by paired and single females did not differ, nor did survival of their young to day 3 or 15. We suggest that provision of ample space and cover to vole parents rearing young in captivity promotes expression of sex differences in parental behavior, but that even seminatural conditions are not sufficient to yield benefits of father presence to survival of young. Under more challenging conditions, such as cold temperatures or presence of predators, benefits of father presence might emerge.
Emerging and Recently Described Subtypes of Renal Carcinoma

Several new subtypes of renal carcinoma have been described in recent years and represent a growing awareness of the subtleties of renal cancer morphology and their relationship to molecular alterations. One example of this encompasses Xp11 translocation carcinomas, described in Chap. 7, where distinct molecular changes impact both morphological variation and prognosis. Several other nonconventional subtypes of renal cell carcinoma have been incorporated into standard classification schema for renal neoplasia, although some entities still require further study and are considered “emerging entities” (Srigley et al., Am J Surg Pathol, 2013; 37(10):1469–89). Although our knowledge surrounding these neoplasms continues to expand, it appears that at least some of these lesions are associated with distinct molecular alterations and clinical behavior. Given that many of these entities have only been recently described, there is limited knowledge about therapies that may be uniquely applied to these entities.
Dilemmas surrounding the diagnosis of deep brain stimulation electrode infection without associated wound complications: A series of two cases.

BACKGROUND When wounds are benign, diagnosis of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode infection and associated intraparenchymal infection can be challenging. Only a couple, such cases exist in literature. Since infections of the central nervous system can be life-threatening, prompt diagnosis is necessary to prevent neurological injury. Employed within the appropriate context, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, as well as laboratory data and clinical presentation, may help guide diagnosis. CASE DESCRIPTIONS Case 1 - A 55-year-old male with bilateral DBS electrodes and generators (49 days from last procedure), who presented with confusion and fever. Pertinent positive laboratory was white blood cell 20.5K. MRI of the brain showed edema with enhancement along the right DBS electrode. Wound exploration revealed gross purulence in the subgaleal space. The entire system was removed; cultures from subgaleal space revealed Propionibacterium acnes; cultures from electrode were negative. The patient was sent home on antibiotics. Case 2 - A 68-year-old male with a right DBS electrode (11 days from placement), who presented after an unwitnessed fall, followed by confusion and amnesia. Pertinent laboratory examinations were negative. MRI of the brain showed edema with enhancement along the DBS electrode. Wound exploration revealed no infection. The DBS system was left in place; final cultures were negative; no antibiotics were prescribed. Repeat MRI showed resolving fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal and contrast enhancement. CONCLUSIONS Contrast enhancement, T2 FLAIR, and diffusion weighted imaging are influenced by postoperative changes. Caution is stressed regarding dependence on these features for acute diagnosis of infection and indication for electrode removal. Timing of the imaging after surgery must be considered. Other factors, such as systemic signs and abnormal laboratory data, should be evaluated. Based on these guidelines, retrospectively, the patient in Case 2 should not have been rushed for a wound exploration; close observation with serial imaging and laboratory data may have prevented an unnecessary procedure.
Phenology of Adult European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Virginia

Adult European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), moth flight was observed in Bedford County (1980–1981) and at Painter, Va. (1958–1981, inclusive). Average weekly catches of moths taken from black light traps were plotted as a function of cumulative degree-days (above 10°C). For the 2-year period in Bedford County, peak adult moth flight occurred at 307, 1,084, and 1,516 degree-days, and peak moth flight was observed at 232, 807, and 1,440 degree-days over the 24-year period at Painter. Equations resulting from regression of the probit of cumulative percentage of adult moth flight on cumulative degree-days may be used to predict adult European corn borer phrenology in Virginia.
Extended Leach Testing of Simulated LAW Cast Stone Monoliths

This report describes the results from long-term laboratory leach tests performed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for Washington River Protection Solutions (WRPS) to evaluate the release of key constituents from monoliths of Cast Stone prepared with four simulated low-activity waste (LAW) liquid waste streams. Specific objectives of the Cast Stone long-term leach tests described in this report focused on four activities: 1. Extending the leaching times for selected ongoing EPA-1315 tests on monoliths made with LAW simulants beyond the conventional 63-day time period up to 609 days reported herein (with some tests continuing that will be documented later) in an effort to evaluate long-term leaching properties of Cast Stone to support future performance assessment activities. 2. Starting new EPA-1315 leach tests on archived Cast Stone monoliths made with four LAW simulants using two leachants (deionized water [DIW] and simulated Hanford Integrated Disposal Facility (IDF) Site vadose zone pore water [VZP]). 3. Evaluating the impacts of varying the iodide loading (starting iodide concentrations) in one LAW simulant (7.8 M Na Hanford Tank Waste Operations Simulator (HTWOS) Average) by manufacturing new Cast Stone monoliths and repeating the EPA-1315 leach tests using DIW and the VZP leachants. 4. Evaluating the impacts ofmore » using a non-pertechnetate form of Tc that is present in some Hanford tanks. In this activity one LAW simulant (7.8 M Na HTWOS Average) was spiked with a Tc(I)-tricarbonyl gluconate species and then solidified into Cast Stone monoliths. Cured monoliths were leached using the EPA-1315 leach protocol with DIW and VZP. The leach results for the Tc-Gluconate Cast Stone monoliths were compared to Cast Stone monoliths pertechnetate.« less
The Percentage of T- and B-Cells in the Lymphomyeloid Tissue of Hyperimmunized Bursaless Chickens

Abstract Bursa or bursa follicles failed to develop when 3-day-old embryonated eggs were dipped in 2% testosterone propionate in ethanol. The chicks from the treated and control eggs (TP-chicks) were hyperimmunized with sheep red blood cells and the percentages of thymus-derived (T) and bursal-derived (B) lymphocytes in different lymphoid organs determined. The percentage of T-cells in the thymus of TP-embryos was not significantly affected, but the B-cell population was significantly depressed. The percentage of B-cells in peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow of TP-hyperimmunized chickens was significantly below that of controls. These data support previous observations of B-cells in bursaless birds. The significantly higher percentage of T-cells in the bone marrow of TP-birds is discussed in relation to T-suppressor cells.
27 Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection After Total Knee Replacement

Diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is not straightforward. PJI’s presentation in infected total knee replacement (TKR) can be varied and the diagnosis may be challenging. Even the definition of infected arthroplasty is still subject to debate. Misdiagnosis of an infected TKR can lead to lifelong problems for patients. Although many diagnostic tools are identified, a highly accurate single test is lacking. The first point is the high index of clinical suspicion of the surgeon. Then the diagnosis must rely on a combination of some laboratory and radiological workup such as serology, culture, imaging, and basic molecular techniques. Many systematic algorithms are suggested to avoid misdiagnosis of PJI.
352 PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY COMBINING INTENSE PULSED LIGHT AND TOPICAL 5-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID FOR THE TREATMENT OF ROSACEA-ASSOCIATED ERYTHEMA.

Background Rosacea is a chronic cutaneous disease that primarily affects the facial convexities and is characterized by signs and symptoms such as flushing, persistent erythema, and telangiectasias. Although there are many methods of treating rosacea ranging from topical and oral agents to a variety of light-based therapies, there is no cure. Here we report our experience with a novel method of treatment. We used photodynamic therapy with topical 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) as a sensitizer and intense pulsed light (IPL) activation. Methods Four female patients with rosacea were included in this study. All patients were started on a hydroquinone and retinol-based skin priming system at least 8 weeks prior to treatment to produce preprocedure sensitization. After incubation with ALA for 45 minutes to 1 hour, patients were treated with IPL at a fluence of 38 J/cm2 for a number of pulses that varied depending on the size of the treatment area. The change in erythema was determined by using standard image-editing software to compare CIE L*a*b* values in pre- and postprocedure digital images. We specifically used the Δa* value to assess erythema by calculating the difference in a* between average values for rosacea-involved areas and average values for adjacent skin in uninvolved sites before and after treatment. Results Upon follow-up, there was a statistically significant reduction in erythema in all patients after the first or second treatment. All patients reported only minor discomfort during the procedure, and no subsequent adverse effects were seen. Conclusion The high degree of efficacy and the relative absence of discomfort in treatment compared with other light-based therapies make ALA-PDT an attractive alternative. We believe this modality is an efficacious adjunct to standard first-line therapies and should be considered a possible alternative first-line therapy.
Nutritional care of the surgical neonate

The function of the nutritionist was to identify and anticipate nutritional problems, to facilitate complete care for each infant, and to serve as an educational resource to staff, patients, and families. Neonatal nutrition is an open and challenging field for nutritionists. An expanded role for the nutritionist as a member of the physician-nutritionist team, as demonstrated in this article, may provide direction for the organization of such a team in other health care facilities with neonatal intensive care units.
Can density cumulant functional theory describe static correlation effects

We evaluate the performance of density cumulant functional theory (DCT) for capturing static correlation effects. In particular, we examine systems with significant multideterminant character of the electronic wave function, such as the beryllium dimer, diatomic carbon, m-benzyne, 2,6-pyridyne, twisted ethylene, as well as the barrier for double-bond migration in cyclobutadiene. We compute molecular properties of these systems using the ODC-12 and DC-12 variants of DCT and compare these results to multireference configuration interaction and multireference coupled-cluster theories, as well as single-reference coupled-cluster theory with single, double (CCSD), and perturbative triple excitations [CCSD(T)]. For all systems the DCT methods show intermediate performance between that of CCSD and CCSD(T), with significant improvement over the former method. In particular, for the beryllium dimer, m-benzyne, and 2,6-pyridyne, the ODC-12 method along with CCSD(T) correctly predict the global minimum structures, while CCSD predictions fail qualitatively, underestimating the multireference effects. Our results suggest that the DC-12 and ODC-12 methods are capable of describing emerging static correlation effects but should be used cautiously when highly accurate results are required. Conveniently, the appearance of multireference effects in DCT can be diagnosed by analyzing the DCT natural orbital occupations, which are readily available at the end of the energy computation.
Historical Influences on Health Care and Education in Native American Communities

This article focuses on the influence of historical trauma (Brave Heart, Chase, Elkins, & Altschul, 2011) on the health and education of contemporary Native American (NA) communities. It is crucial...
Healthcare Simulation: From “Best Secret” to “Best Practice”

Throughout history, healthcare educators have used patient surrogates to teach, assess, and even conduct research in a safe and predictable environment. Therefore, the use of healthcare simulation is historically rooted and as old as the concept of healthcare itself. In the last two decades, there has been an exponential rise in the development, application, and general awareness of simulation use in the healthcare industry. What was once essentially a novelty has given rise to entire new fields, industries, and dedicated professional societies. Within a very short time, healthcare simulation has gone from “best secret” to “best practice.”
Different optimal alignment but equivalent functional outcomes in medial and lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.

Abstract Introduction Several differences in kinematics, functional outcomes and alignment exist between medial and lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Therefore, the purpose of this study was (1) to compare functional outcomes between both procedures with the hypothesis that both have equivalent outcomes and (2) to assess the role of preoperative and postoperative alignment on functional outcomes in both procedures. Methods Patients who underwent UKA were included when overall function — using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis (WOMAC) score – and joint awareness – using Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) — were available preoperatively and at minimum two-year follow-up. A total of 143 medial UKA and 36 lateral UKA patients reported outcomes at mean 2.4-years follow-up (range 2.0 to 5.0year). Results Preoperatively and postoperatively, no differences were seen between medial and lateral UKA in overall function (89.8±11.7 vs. 90.2±12.4, respectively, p =0.855) and joint awareness (71.2±24.5 vs. 70.9±28.2, respectively, p =0.956). With neutral postoperative alignment (−1° to three degrees), less joint awareness was noted following medial UKA than lateral UKA (72.6±22.6 vs. 55.3±28.5, p=0.024). With undercorrection (three degrees to seven degrees), however, following lateral UKA less joint awareness (85.3±19.5 vs. 68.2±26.8, p=0.020) and better functional outcomes (96.0±5.4 vs. 88.5±11.6, p=0.001) were noted than medial UKA. Conclusion Equivalent functional outcomes were noted between medial and lateral UKA at short-term follow-up but different optimal alignment angles seem to exist for both procedures. Level of evidence Level III therapeutic study.
The Alphas of Asset Allocators

The performance of asset allocation strategies is commonly evaluated using alpha. Alpha is a measure of selection, not timing, however, and thus has no basis for use in this manner. This article examines what happens when alpha is used to examine asset allocation strategies. The results show that alpha has remarkably good large sample properties. In an economic sense, it seems to identify ability and is not fooled by the absence of it, but in a statistical sense, it fails to identify ability. For the smaller samples encountered in practice, it can even be fooled into thinking that strategies using random-number generators have economic ability, though not statistical ability. In practice, most applications of alpha do not test for statistical significance, so there is a tremendous risk of false conclusions—particularly, finding ability where it does not exist. Alpha should therefore not be used to measure any form of timing ability. In doing so, the industry could, however unknowingly, be making itself look better than it really is.
Medial Prefrontal Cortex Updates Its Status.

How does the brain infer social status? A new study by Kumaran et al. (2016) identifies a region of the medial prefrontal cortex that, in concert with the amygdala and hippocampus, subserves updating of probabilistic beliefs about the status of individuals in a social hierarchy.
Resistance to serum complement, iss, and virulence of avian Escherichia coli.

Control of avian colibacillosis is hampered by lack of easily identifiable markers for virulent Escherichia coli. Resistance to serum complement appears to be a widespread trait of virulent avian E. coli, suggesting that bacterial factors promoting survival in serum may be useful in discriminating between virulent and avirulent isolates. Such distinguishing factors may prove useful in diagnostic protocols or as targets in future colibacillosis control protocols. Interestingly, the factors responsible for resistance to complement differ in the E. coli isolated from mammalian and avian hosts, which may reflect differences in the nature of avian and mammalian colibacillosis. In some cases, genetic determinants for serum complement resistance in avian E. coli are found on aerobactin- or Colicin V-encoding plasmids. One such gene, iss, first described for its role in the serum resistance associated with a ColV plasmid from a human E. coli isolate, occurs much more frequently in isolates from birds with colibacillosis than in faecal isolates from healthy birds. Efforts to identify the genomic location of iss in a single, virulent avian E. coli isolate have revealed that it occurs in association with several purported virulence genes, all linked to a large conjugative R plasmid. At this time, it is not known whether iss merely marks the presence of a larger pathogenicity unit or is itself a contributor to virulence. Nevertheless, the presence of the complement-resistance determinant, iss, may be a marker of virulent avian E. coli exploitable in controlling avian colibacillosis.
Temperature dependent evolution of wrinkled single-crystal silicon ribbons on shape memory polymers

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) can remember two or more distinct shapes, and thus can have a lot of potential applications. This paper presents combined experimental and theoretical studies on the wrinkling of single-crystal Si ribbons on SMPs and the temperature dependent evolution. Using the shape memory effect of heat responsive SMPs, this study provides a method to build wavy forms of single-crystal silicon thin films on top of SMP substrates. Silicon ribbons obtained from a Si-on-insulator (SOI) wafer are released and transferred onto the surface of programmed SMPs. Then such bilayer systems are recovered at different temperatures, yielding well-defined, wavy profiles of Si ribbons. The wavy profiles are shown to evolve with time, and the evolution behavior strongly depends on the recovery temperature. At relatively low recovery temperatures, both wrinkle wavelength and amplitude increase with time as evolution progresses. Finite element analysis (FEA) accounting for the thermomechanical behavior of SMPs is conducted to study the wrinkling of Si ribbons on SMPs, which shows good agreement with experiment. Merging of wrinkles is observed in FEA, which could explain the increase of wrinkle wavelength observed in the experiment. This study can have important implications for smart stretchable electronics, wrinkling mechanics, stimuli-responsive surface engineering, and advanced manufacturing.
Equity in 311 Reporting: Understanding Socio-Spatial Differentials in the Propensity to Complain.

Cities across the United States are implementing information communication technologies in an effort to improve government services. One such innovation in e-government is the creation of 311 systems, offering a centralized platform where citizens can request services, report non-emergency concerns, and obtain information about the city via hotline, mobile, or web-based applications. The NYC 311 service request system represents one of the most significant links between citizens and city government, accounting for more than 8,000,000 requests annually. These systems are generating massive amounts of data that, when properly managed, cleaned, and mined, can yield significant insights into the real-time condition of the city. Increasingly, these data are being used to develop predictive models of citizen concerns and problem conditions within the city. However, predictive models trained on these data can suffer from biases in the propensity to make a request that can vary based on socio-economic and demographic characteristics of an area, cultural differences that can affect citizens' willingness to interact with their government, and differential access to Internet connectivity. Using more than 20,000,000 311 requests - together with building violation data from the NYC Department of Buildings and the NYC Department of Housing Preservation and Development; property data from NYC Department of City Planning; and demographic and socioeconomic data from the U.S. Census American Community Survey - we develop a two-step methodology to evaluate the propensity to complain: (1) we predict, using a gradient boosting regression model, the likelihood of heating and hot water violations for a given building, and (2) we then compare the actual complaint volume for buildings with predicted violations to quantify discrepancies across the City.
Comments on Professor Hintikka’s Paper

I experience some difficulty in commenting on this paper, because Hintikka has approached intentional concepts in a manner so different from my own. He has, for instance, connected the directedness of a conscious intention with something purposive, since one of the common meanings of ‘direction’, as is the ordinary sense of ‘intention’, is undoubtedly connected with purpose. To what are all these acts and utterances directed?’ often means ‘What are you trying to achieve by these acts and utterances?’ Now I would be infinitely far from denying that all conscious intentions are pervaded by purpose: to have something before us as the object of our awareness is certainly to try to keep it in consciousness, to try to envisage it from various aspects, to try to see it in varying contexts, some actual and possible, to compare it with other possibilities, and finally to imagine or perceive it rather than merely to think of it. But the purposive conation which inspires and sustains conscious intentionality is distinct from the conscious intentionality that it sustains : the former is consummated only in a sequence of conscious intentions, the latter is whole and complete in each conscious intention. Conscious intentionality is simply the ‘thereness’ or Vorhandenheit of something for consciousness: though it is sustained by purpose, it is in itself utterly disparate from anything purposive or conative. It is the unique givenness of something to consciousness, its appearance in the light of consciousness, and this is the same whether what is thus apparent is perceived or thought of. The possible criminality of the Empress Agrippina may be as much vorhanden to consciousness as the telephone on my desk. I do not know whether Hintikka clearly differentiates this kind of pure cognitive appearance in his experience: it has eluded many, as for instance Heidegger. I think, however, that it is basic to the understanding of intentionality.
Percutaneous Pancreatic Islet Cell Transplantation

Percutaneous pancreatic islet cell transplantation is a promising cellular-based therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). This procedure involves portal venous injection of islet cells and affords 1-year insulin independence in up to 70 % of recipients. While transplant surgeons represent the historical drivers of islet therapy, requirement for image-guidance and transcatheter techniques has fostered collaboration with interventional radiologists (IRs), who play a significant role in clinical performance of islet transplantation. The following case reviews the procedural elements of islet cell transplantation with stepwise illustration of the interventional radiologic technique. The logistics involved in establishing and developing an islet cell transplantation program and the technical aspects of pancreatic organ harvest and islet cell isolation and preparation are beyond the scope of this chapter and will not be presented.
A springboard for exploring the many approaches to degrees of belief

Degrees of Belief is a strong collection of essays distinguished by its inclusion of an unusually wide array of approaches to understanding its subject. The book consists mainly of recent works (growing out of a 2004 conference at the University of Konstanz) from perspectives as diverse as probabilism (the view that degrees of belief ought to be probabilities), Dempster-Shafer theory, possibility theory, ranking theory, AGM (Alchourron-Gardenfors-Makinson) belief-revision theory, and others. The essays are varied in focus, but many are concerned with outlining formal axiomatizations of degree of belief (variously understood), and several of them are surveys of their respective sub-fields. As one might expect, the discussion is often technical and sometimes dense, and so the book is best suited for formally proficient advanced students (graduate or upper-level undergraduate) or professionals seeking to explore other approaches to degree of belief than the ones in which they currently work. Some recurrent themes in the book include the relation of degree of belief to full belief, how degree of belief ought best to be understood (its purpose and function), and the formal laws (so understood) it ought to obey. There is limited reference in some articles to applications (e.g., in computer science), but the main focus of the book is theoretical. What follows is only a small sample of the rich content contained in the book. After a clear and concise preview of the book’s contents, written by one of the editors (Franz Huber), Part I of the book concentrates on how belief relates to degree of belief. The lottery paradox is key here (and also the related preface paradox), and accordingly, the section begins with one exposition of it, by Richard Foley (a revision of Chapter 4 of Foley 1993). The lottery paradox arises from the so-called Lockean thesis that belief is just sufficiently high degree of belief. For example, if I believe p just in case my degree of belief in it is at least 99%, then I’ll
Biomarkers of exposure among U.S. Adult cigar smokers: Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study Wave 1 (2013-2014)

Background: Given the diverse cigar market and limited data on biomarker patterns by cigar type, we compared biomarkers of nicotine and tobacco toxicants among cigar smokers and other groups. Methods: Using Wave 1 urinary biomarker data from 5,604 adults in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, we compared geometric mean concentrations among cigar-only smokers (all cigars and separately for traditional, cigarillo, and filtered cigars), cigarette-only smokers, dual cigar/cigarette smokers, and never users of tobacco. We calculated geometric mean ratios comparing groups with never users adjusting for sex, age, race/ethnicity, education and creatinine. Results: Some day cigar-only smokers had lower biomarker concentrations than every day cigar-only smokers, but higher than never users. Every day cigar-only smokers (n = 61) had lower TNE-2 (cotinine+trans-3′-hydroxycotinine) compared to every day cigarette-only (n = 2217; P Conclusions: For some biomarkers, every day cigar-only smokers were comparable with every day cigarette-only smokers. Exploratory analyses suggest that biomarkers vary by cigar type with every day filtered cigar-only smokers having the highest concentrations. Impact: High exposure to harmful constituents among cigar smokers is a continuing health issue.
Increasing osmotic power and energy with maximum power point tracking

Abstract A feedback control system is developed for coordinated control of feed rates, draw rates, and loading on an osmotic power system. Carefully balancing these parameters in order to reduce the overall effect of various non-ideal phenomena has been previously discussed in the literature, however this is the first-ever system developed for automated, real-time, simultaneous control of all three of these operating parameters. The ability of the system to achieve maximum net power output is demonstrated for various commercial membranes, in response to fouling, and for both stand-alone pressure retarded osmosis as well as for combined reverse osmosis and pressure retarded osmosis application. Results provide insight into best operating conditions which can be helpful for rule of thumb design, and also clearly show that best conditions are case specific, and that osmotic energy conversion systems ultimately require feedback control for efficient performance especially in response to dynamic phenomena such as membrane fouling. The tradeoff between net power and energy is also demonstrated, and a maximum energy controller is also described.
The Under-Appreciated Jurisprudence of African Regional Trade Judiciaries

While it has been correctly argued that Regional Trade Agreement (RTA) judiciaries have rarely been used to resolve trade disputes, in Africa there has been great use of these judiciaries without much acknowledgment in academic literature. African RTAs entertain a broad range of disputes from an extremely broad category of litigants. They are not simply custodians of the trading arrangements – in fact they do much less dispute settlement around trade issues compared to the broad range of cases they have assumed jurisdiction over. Many of these judiciaries have also often entertained cases that go well beyond their treaty defined jurisdictional bases. In fact, African RTA judiciaries have acted very boldly in this regard based on the fact they are relatively new institutions operating in a context in which adherence to notions of national sovereignty is very strong. The East African Court of Justice has, for example, decided cases relating to human rights even though there is no explicit treaty basis for the court to assume jurisdiction over human rights cases that challenge the conduct of Member State governments. In short, this paper shows that African RTA judiciaries are not sleeping sentinels of the treaties under which they are established. This paper calls for more attention to be focused on RTA judiciaries.
The Surgical Intervention for Traumatic Injury Scale: A Clinical Tool for Traumatic Brain Injury.

Author(s): Sribnick, Eric A.; Lunney, Michael; Wright, David W.; Allen, Jason W.; Hudgins, Patricia A.; Shi, Junxin; Wheeler, Krista; Leonard, Jeffrey R.; Dhall, Sanjay S.; Xiang, Henry | Abstract: Introduction: There is no widely used method for communicating the possible need for surgical intervention in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study describes a scoring system designed to communicate the potential need for surgical decompression in TBI patients. The scoring system, named the Surgical Intervention for Traumatic Injury (SITI), was designed to be objective and easy to use.Methods: The SITI scale uses radiographic and clinical findings, including the Glasgow Coma Scale Score, pupil examination, and findings noted on computed tomography. To examine the scale, we used the patient database for the Progesterone for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury III (ProTECT III) trial, and retrospectively applied the SITI scale to these patients.Results: Of the 871 patients reviewed, 164 (18.8%) underwent craniotomy or craniectomy, and 707 (81.2%) were treated nonoperatively. The mean SITI score was 5.1 for patients who underwent surgery and 2.5 for patients treated nonoperatively (Pl0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.887.Conclusion: The SITI scale was designed to be a simple, objective, clinical decision tool regarding the potential need for surgical decompression after TBI. Application of the SITI scale to the ProTECT III database demonstrated that a score of 3 or more was well associated with a perceived need for surgical decompression. These results further demonstrate the potential utility of the SITI scale in clinical practice.
Developmental noise and ecological opportunity across space can release constraints on the evolution of plasticity

Phenotypic plasticity is a potentially definitive solution to environment heterogeneity, driving biologists to understand why it is not ubiquitous in nature. While costs and constraints may limit the success of plasticity, we are still far from a complete theory of when these limitations actually proscribe adaptive plasticity. Here I use a simple model of plasticity incorporating developmental noise to explore the competitive and evolutionary relationships of specialist and generalist genotypes spreading across a heterogeneous landscape. Results show that plasticity can arise in the context of specialism, preadapting genotypes to later evolve toward plastic generalism. Developmental noise helps a mutant with imperfect plasticity successfully compete against its ancestor, providing an evolutionary path by which subsequent mutations can refine plasticity toward its optimum. These results address how the complex selection pressures across a heterogeneous environment can help evolution find paths around constraints arising from developmental mechanisms.
Carrier mobilities of (001) cadmium arsenide films

We investigate (001)-oriented films of the topological semimetal cadmium arsenide (Cd3As2) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on lattice-matched III–V AlxIn1−xSb buffer layers. Magnetotransport studies and analysis of thin film microstructures are used to determine the influence of dislocations on their carrier mobilities. We show that only a minority of the threading dislocations present in the buffer layers extend into the Cd3As2 films. Threading dislocations are shown to reduce the mobilities of carriers residing in the topological surface states, while bulk transport was unaffected by a change in the dislocation density across an order of magnitude. Thick (001) Cd3As2 films exhibit electron mobilities of up to 41 000 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 2 K. The results provide insights into the influence of extended defects on the transport properties of a prototype topological semimetal.
Impact of immunoparesis on clinical outcomes following bone marrow transplantation.

e20505Background: Immunoparesis (hypogammaglobinemia) has been shown to impact outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). Its impact in the post-transplant setting and potenti...
Persistent second cervical intersegmental artery in a case of possible PHACE syndrome.

The proximal segment of the vertebral artery most often consists of a persistent sixth cervical intersegmental artery that originates from the subclavian artery, but it may also derive from a fifth...
Comparative effectiveness and safety of non-vitamin-K antagonist oral anticoagulants and warfarin in older adults with atrial fibrillation and diabetes.

To evaluate comparative effectiveness and safety of non-vitamin-K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) versus warfarin in Medicare beneficiaries with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and c...
Reception, translation and cultural context: Projects for Greimas’s Sémantique structurale (1966) in English, the place of linguistics in the human sciences,and Franco-American disconnections

Summary The initiatives to publish an English translation of the influential Semantique structurale (1966) by linguist and semiotician A. J. Greimas (1917–1992) provide an instructive case study for the reception of a work in new contexts. The efforts underscore the importance of (dis)connections between cultures’ intellectual traditions and trends, putting in play the relations between continental and American linguistic structuralism, generative semantics, cognitive linguistics, and “French” (post)structuralism throughout the human sciences. The projects also point up the significance of timing and of standards for translation quality – and the possibilities for controversy. In addition to published research, this study draws from archival documents and personal communications with Greimas, his translators and editors, and other principals involved.
The Construction of Shame and Pride: A Grounded Theory Model of Identity, Emotions, and Wellbeing among Sexual Minority Adolescents:

This study explored the development and impact of shame and pride among sexual minority adolescents (SMA) to better understand emotions as psychosocial mechanisms of wellbeing. Shame and pride are ...