cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spin-wave theory of exchange-induced anisotropy

It is shown that exchange interactions of spins across the boundary between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic layers can cause a shift in the observed hysteresis loop of the ferromagnetic layer. The effect may be interpreted as a self-energy shift of each ferromagnetic spin due to emission and reabsorption of virtual antiferromagnetic spin waves. Emission of these waves by one ferromagnetic spin and reabsorption by another also results in an extra exchange coupling among the ferromagnetic spins, but this is not calculated here in detail. A crucial test of the effectiveness of this mechanism as compared with others that have been proposed would be the observation of a reversal of the loop shift upon reversal of the magnetization of the ferromagnetic layer. However, the reversal time could be very long, and is estimated here. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Thinking in Three Dimensions Leadership for Capacity Building, Sustainability, and Succession

Urban schools often experience rapid turnover among teachers and leaders. Yet, research and practice highlight the importance of sustained leadership over time as an integral component of school im...
N-nitrosoamide-mediated N --> O nitroso transfer to alcohols with subsequent denitroxylation.

Decomposition of certain N-benzyl-N-nitrosoamides is often accompanied by small amounts of benzaldehyde whose formation was postulated to arise from in situ formation and oxidation of benzyl alcohol. Incubation of excess benzyl alcohol with thermostable N-benzyl-N-nitrosoamides at ambient temperatures in inert solvents generates benzyl nitrite, N-benzyl amides, and benzaldehyde as the major products. Benzyl nitrite formation appears to be linked to N → O nitroso transfer between the N-benzyl-N-nitrosoamides and benzyl alcohol, which is subject to the previously observed electronic and steric features of the acyl substituent although the former appears to play a much larger role than the latter. Benzaldehyde formation evidently arises from dehydronitrosation (denitroxylation) of the nitrite via O−N bond homolysis and H-abstraction from the resultant benzyloxy radical. Although trans-nitrosation occurs with methanol, 1°, 2°, and 3° alcohols, the reaction is evidently subject to steric effects at both the α ...
Characteristic equation and stable states of flipflops

Abstract Stable states of flipflops can be determined from algebraic solutions of a characteristic equation. A short discussion of the four CS-flipflops leads to the Earle latch. There are two Earle latch realizations—one is an approximate realization with metastable states and the other is an exact realization with no metastable states. Realization is by delay-free gates and logical delayors. The generality enables application to the ST-flipflops widely used as an element of data shift registers.
Towards a Capability Model for Web Service Composition

Most approaches for Web service compositions focus on the technical level as they specify "how-to" achieve the composition instead of providing casual users with means to express "what-to" achieve their business objectives. This new mindset requires extending Web services with the concept of capability, which describes what a service can do to reduce the gap between Web services and business processes. In this paper, we propose a three-layer Web service capability model to capture objectives, to specify actions that achieve objectives, and establish links between capabilities. Based on this model, the capability matching process does not only discover Web services from high level requirements expressed by Semantics of Business Vocabulary and Business Rules (SBVR), but it also derives constraints on Web services.
“Us” and “Them”:

: In the Aristotelian tradition, politics is a matter of public deliberation over questions of justice and injustice. The Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been uniformly hostile to this notion, and it has instead promoted a jingoistic politics of self-assertion by an America largely identified with the executive branch of its government. This is doubly disturbing, as the executive branch has sought to free itself from international law, multinational commitments, and domestic judicial regulation, even as it has sought to validate itself by demonizing its enemies. This essay draws out the disturbing echoes here of Carl Schmitt's work of the 1920s, in particular of Schmitt's conception of the sovereign as the ungrounded ground of the law and the political as the site of mortal conflict between friend and enemy. The essay argues that Schmitt's position in the twenties, for all of its evident problems, is superior to that of Bush, Wolfowitz, and Ashcroft in at least two senses: Schmitt condemns the idea of waging war for profit and recognizes that such wars will often be disguised as moral crusades waged against the “inhuman”; and he acknowledges that claiming to fight a war for humanity denies one's enemies their humanity, leaving them open to torture and even extermination.
Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in patients with body mass index >70 kg/m2.

Abstract Background Sparse published data support the optimal surgical management of megaobesity (body mass index >70 kg/m 2 ). The purpose of the present study was to compare laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) and open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (ORYGB) in megaobese patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of 89 consecutive patients with a body mass index >70 kg/m 2 who underwent LRYGB or ORYGB from January 2003 to May 2007 at the Ohio State University Medical Center. Results LRYGB was performed in 37 patients, with 3 conversions to open surgery, and 52 underwent ORYGB. No statistically significant demographic or preoperative co-morbidity differences were discerned. The mean intraoperative blood loss was lower in the LRYGB group (54 mL versus 211 mL; P P = .02). The patients who underwent LRYGB had greater excess body weight loss at 3 (22.7% versus 17.5%, P = .02) and 6 (37.5% versus 30.5%, P = .03) months. However, the average excess body weight loss at 12 and 24 months was similar (48% and 60%, respectively). Conclusion LRYGB is a technically feasible and safe surgical approach in the megaobese. The intraoperative blood loss was less with LRYGB than with ORYGB. The overall mortality and complications were not different, with the exception of hernia frequency, which was significantly greater after ORYGB. The percentage of excess body weight loss at 3 and 6 months was better for the LRYGB group. In both groups of patients, the 12- and 24-month excess body weight loss were similar.
Effect of self‐consistent magnetic field on plasma sheet penetration to the inner magnetosphere: Rice convection model simulations combined with modified Dungey force‐balanced magnetic field solver

[1] Transport of plasma sheet particles into the inner magnetosphere is crucial to the development of the region 2 (R2) field-aligned current system (FAC), which results in the shielding of the penetration electric field and the formation of subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) and the Harang reversal, phenomena closely associated with storms and substorms. In addition to the electric field, this transport is also strongly affected by the magnetic field, which changes with plasma pressure and is distinctly different from the dipole field in the inner plasma sheet. To determine the feedback of force-balanced magnetic field to the transport, we have integrated the Rice convection model (RCM) with a modified Dungey magnetic field solver to obtain the required force balance in the equatorial plane. Comparing our results with those from a RCM run using a T96 magnetic field, we find that transport under a force-balanced magnetic field results in weaker pressure gradients and thus weaker R2 FAC in the near-Earth region and weaker shielding of the penetration electric field. As a result, plasma sheet protons and electrons penetrate farther earthward, and their inner edges become closer together and more azimuthally symmetric than in the T96 case. The Harang reversal extends farther dawnward, and the SAPS become more confined in radial and latitudinal extents. The magnitudes of azimuthal pressure gradient, the inner edges of thermal protons and electrons, the latitudinal range of the Harang reversal, and the radial and latitudinal widths of the SAPS from the force-balanced run are found to be more consistent with observations.
Predictors of brain morphology for the men of the NHLBI twin study

Background and Purpose—Cross-sectional studies show that cerebrovascular risk factors are associated with increased brain atrophy, accumulation of abnormal cerebral white matter signals, and clinically silent stroke. We extend these findings by examining the relationship between midlife cerebrovascular risk factors and later-life differences in brain atrophy, amount of abnormal white matter, and stroke on MRI. Methods—Subjects were the 414 surviving members of the prospective National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Twin Study, who have been examined on 4 separate occasions, spanning the 25 years between 1969–1973 and 1995–1997. Quantitative measures of brain volume, volume of abnormal white matter signal (WMHI), and volume of stroke, when present, were obtained from those participating in the fourth examination. Results—The mean±SD age of the subjects was 47.2±3.0 years at initial examination and 72.5±2.9 years at final examination. Average blood pressure (BP) levels were normal, although 32% of the sub...
Measurement of femoral anteversion by biplane radiography and computed tomography imaging: comparison with an anatomic reference.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The ability of biplane radiography and standard computed tomography (CT) imaging techniques to measure accurately the human femoral anteversion was evaluated and compared with an anatomic reference: the osteometric method. METHODS Femoral anteversion of 10 normal adult cadaveric human femora were determined using a standardized anatomic measurement method (the anatomic reference) and the 2 selected common imaging techniques (biplane radiography and CT). RESULTS On average, anteversion measurements using biplane radiography were 21/2 times greater in magnitude than measurements using the anatomic reference (absolute mean difference, 13.5 degrees; P = 0.004). In contrast, the discrepancy between CT and anatomic reference measurements was notably less and not statistically significant (absolute mean difference, 2.8 degrees; P = 0.351). In addition, biplane radiography demonstrated greater inter- and intrarater variability than CT imaging for repeated measurements of the same bone specimens. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the anatomic reference, CT imaging was an accurate and valid technique for measuring the femoral anteversion. In contrast, biplane radiography demonstrated significant inconsistencies in the measurement of this anatomic parameter.
Regulation of kinetochore–microtubule attachments by Aurora B kinase

Accurate segregation of chromosomes in mitosis requires that spindle microtubules attach sister kinetochores to opposite poles of the mitotic spindle (biorientation). To achieve biorientation of all chromosomes, incorrect attachments are selectively destabilized, providing a fresh opportunity to biorient, whereas correct attachments are stabilized. Tension across the centromere may be the signal that distinguishes different attachment states, as spindle microtubules pull bioriented sister kinetochores in the opposite direction. Destabilization of incorrect attachments requires the Ipl1/Aurora B kinase, which phosphorylates kinetochore substrates that directly interact with microtubules. The present review focuses on how Aurora B regulates attachments in response to centromere tension.
The contralateral effect conferred by intra-articular adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of viral IL-10 is specific to the immunizing antigen

We have demonstrated previously that local, adenoviral-mediated gene transfer of vIL-10 to a single joint of rabbits and mice with experimental arthritis can suppress disease in both the treated and untreated contralateral joints. These therapeutic effects observed in distant untreated joints following local intra-articular gene delivery have been termed the 'contralateral effect'. To begin to understand the underlying immunologic mechanism that confers this effect, a dual-antigen model of antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) in rabbit knee joints was utilized. Rabbits were immunized against two antigens, ovalbumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and AIA generated by intra-articular injection of each antigen into contralateral knees. Intra-articular adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of vIL-10 significantly reduced intra-articular leukocytosis and cartilage matrix degradation, while preserving near normal levels of cartilage matrix synthesis within treated joints. However, no antiarthritic effect was conferred in the contralateral control joints that received only a marker gene, in contrast to the results seen in a single-antigen AIA model. These results suggest that the distant antiarthritic effects associated with local gene delivery to joints are antigen-specific, and not due to vIL-10-induced generalized immunosuppression of the animal.
Cloning and expression of bovine and porcine interleukin-2 in baculovirus and analysis of species cross-reactivity

The cDNAs encoding bovine and porcine interleukin-2 (IL-2) have been expressed using the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus as a vector in insect cells. Insect cells infected with recombinant viruses secreted bovine and porcine IL-2 into the culture medium, with biological activities for maintaining the proliferation of homologous cells. When the activities of these two IL-2 proteins and commercially available human IL-2 were tested on heterologous cells differences were found. Recombinant bovine (rb)IL-2 only supported the growth of bovine lymphocytes and was not active on human, mouse or porcine lymphocytes. Recombinant porcine (rp)IL-2 and recombinant human (rh)IL-2 supported the proliferation of human, bovine, porcine and murine cells. However, the proliferative response of human lymphocytes to rpIL-2 was only 50% of that seen with rhIL-2. Sequence differences at the predicted p55 and p75 contact binding sites may explain this.
Ultrasonic diffraction grating spectroscopy and the measurement of particle size.

The results of measurements using ultrasonic diffraction grating spectroscopy (UDGS) are found to be dependent upon the particle size of the slurry. This illustrates the emergence of a new technique for measuring particle size. Theoretical calculations are underway to describe and predict them as well. The ultrasonic grating surface is in contact with the slurry. The diffraction grating was formed by machining triangular grooves with a periodicity of 483 microns on the flat surface of an aluminum unit with send and receive transducers fastened to it. For this experimental configuration, the ultrasonic beam strikes the back of the grating at an incident angle of 30° and produces a transmitted beam of spectral order m = 1 in the slurry. The angle of this transmitted beam changes with frequency and, at the critical frequency of 3.47 MHz, it is located at an angle of 90o. The receive transducer measures the reflected m = 0 beam at an angle of 30°. At a frequency slightly less than the critical frequency, the m = 1 transmitted beam no longer exists and its energy is shared with all other beams. Therefore, due to energy conservation, the signal in the receive transducer exhibits a peakmore » at the critical frequency. During the transition, the wave interacts with the particles of the slurry and ultrasound amplitude is reduced. Therefore, the peak observed by the receive transducer is reduced, compared to that for water. Data have been obtained for slurries of polystyrene spheres, ranging in size from 215 microns to 463 microns, and for weight percentages of 1% to 12%. Polystyrene spheres of different diameter show differing amounts of energy loss and thus, particle size identification is possible.« less
Data mining strategies to improve multiplex microbead immunoassay tolerance in a mouse model of infectious diseases

Multiplex methodologies, especially those with high-throughput capabilities generate large volumes of data. Accumulation of such data (e.g., genomics, proteomics, metabolomics etc.) is fast becoming more common and thus requires the development and implementation of effective data mining strategies designed for biological and clinical applications. Multiplex microbead immunoassay (MMIA), on xMAP or MagPix platform (Luminex), which is amenable to automation, offers a major advantage over conventional methods such as Western blot or ELISA, for increasing the efficiencies in serodiagnosis of infectious diseases. MMIA allows detection of antibodies and/or antigens efficiently for a wide range of infectious agents simultaneously in host blood samples, in one reaction vessel. In the process, MMIA generates large volumes of data. In this report we demonstrate the application of data mining tools on how the inherent large volume data can improve the assay tolerance (measured in terms of sensitivity and specificity) by analysis of experimental data accumulated over a span of two years. The combination of prior knowledge with machine learning tools provides an efficient approach to improve the diagnostic power of the assay in a continuous basis. Furthermore, this study provides an in-depth knowledge base to study pathological trends of infectious agents in mouse colonies on a multivariate scale. Data mining techniques using serodetection of infections in mice, developed in this study, can be used as a general model for more complex applications in epidemiology and clinical translational research.
Anastomotic leaks: technique and timing of detection.

Abstract Background Despite the proven benefits of laparoscopic colorectal surgery, the rate of anastomotic leaks has not changed. This study looks at the time of presentation of anastomotic leaks between laparoscopic and open colectomies. Methods Retrospective chart review was performed between July 2008 and 2012. Two groups were created, laparoscopic and open. The time of presentation of significant leaks requiring reoperation were compared between the groups by index colectomies. Statistical analysis is presented as paired t test and chi-square test ( P Results From 1,424 segmental colectomies, the anastomotic leak rate between the two groups was not statically significant ( P = .69). No difference in the time of leak detection was evident ( P = .67). Mortality rate was equal between the groups. The overall complication rate of the entire cohort was statically significant ( P ≤ .001). Conclusion The timing of anastomotic leak detection does not differ between laparoscopy and open colorectal resections.
The Impact of Non-Uniform Bias Field on the Radiation Patterns of Ferrite-Loaded CBS Antennas

Modeling of ferrite-loaded CBS antennas often makes use of the simplifying assumptions which involve some kind of averaging of the magnetic bias field. Simulations and measurements presented here demonstrate that failure to account for the non-uniform magnitude, as well as direction, of the bias field leads to inaccurate predictions of not only the input impedance, but also of the amplitude radiation patterns.
Psychophysical capacity of industrial workers for lifting symmetrical and asymmetrical loads symmetrically and asymmetrically for 8 h work shifts.

This paper presents comprehensive maximum acceptable weight of lift (psychophysical lifting capacity) database for male and female industrial workers for lifting symmetrical and asymmetrical loads symmetrically and asymmetrically for 8h work shifts. The experimental data collected in previous studies on experienced (industrial) and inexperienced (non-industrial) materials handlers (Mital 1984a, Mital and Fard 1986) and the patterns of responses between the two populations (Mital 1985, 1987) were used to generate this database. Since previous work (Mital 1985, 1987) showed that responses of both experienced and inexperienced materials handlers to task variables are similar and also provided multipliers relating the psychophysical lifting capacities of the two populations, it was possible: (1) to convert psychophysical capacity data for asymmetrical lifting of symmetrical and asymmetrical loads, collected on inexperienced workers to reflect psychophysical lifting capacity of experienced workers for asymmetr...
Los ciclos de democracia electoral en América Latina, 1900-2000

This article explores and identifies long-term patterns of political change in Latin America.Time-series analysis revealed the apparent existence of a "domino effect" throughwhich democratization in Country X would increase the likelihood of similar change inneighboring countries Y and Z. The study also found considerable support for the idea thatprior experience with democracy would increase the probability of subsequent experiencewith democracy and that a single prior experience would establish a sufficient basis for democratic restoration. Such findings make a crucial point: Factors promoting democratizationin Latin America tended to be internal to the region, rather than external.
Enhancing productivity with back-end similarity matching of digital circuits for IP reuse

Productivity for digital circuit design is being outpaced by the rate at which silicon is growing. Complex designs take a significant amount of engineering hours to complete in both ASICs and FPGAs. Design reuse can potentially decrease cost and increase design productivity. The central thesis of this paper is that design productivity could be enhanced by assisting the designer in discovering archived designs in order to complete a reference circuit. An overview analyzing different methods for characterizing and comparing digital circuits is provided in order to suggest candidate circuits that engineers can reuse. A new design entry methodology is also proposed. Several of these methods are implemented, modified, and compared to show the feasibility of utilizing this work to potentially increase overall productivity for hardware design.
Why Pentaphosphole, P5H, Is Planar in Contrast to Phosphole, (CH)4PH†

In contrast to phosphole, (CH)4PH, pentaphosphole, P5H, has a planar C2v minimum. At RMP2(fc)/6-31G* + ZPE(RMP2(fc)/6-31G*//RMP2(fc)/6-31G*) the aromatic stabilization energy (ASE) of P5H (17 kcal/mol) is larger than of (CH)4PH (ASE = 7 kcal/mol) but smaller than of (CH)4NH (25.5 kcal/mol) and N5H (29 kcal/mol). However, pentaphosphole is thermodynamically stable by 58.2 kcal/mol (54.7 kcal/mol, MP4SDTQ(fc)/6-31G*//MP2(fc)/6-31G* + ZPE(RHF/6-31G*)) toward dissociation into PPPH and P2. Other P5H isomers have relative energies of 9 (tricyclic, Cs), 17.4 (bicyclic, Cs), 25.6 (monocyclic, P3PPH, Cs), and 53.5 (open chain, PPPPPH, C1) kcal/mol. Due to its electropositive character, the -PH2 substituent reduces the inversion barrier of tricoordinate phosphorus, ΔEinv(P), from 35 kcal/mol for PH3 to 20.3 kcal/mol for HP(PH2)2 and 16.1 for P(PH2)3. In addition, π conjugation of −PPH substituents reduce ΔEinv(P) further to 13.5 in HP(PPH)2 and 6.1 kcal/mol in P(PPH)3. In contrast, the vinyl groups in HP(CHCH2)2 a...
Effects of antilymphocyte serum and splenectomy on resistance to Babesia microti infection in hamsters.

Abstract Since the immune mechanisms active in response to babesiosis have not been clearly defined, the effects of antilymphocyte serum (ALS) and splenectomy on B. microti infections were assessed in immune and susceptible hamsters by degree of parasitemia, clinical course, and humoral antibody formation. In immune animals treated with ALS or splenectomy, latent infections became patent, but parasitemias during exacerbation peaked at lower levels than was the case with primary parasitemias. However, despite similar parasitemias and equivalent humoral antibody induction in both groups, seven of nine ALS-treated animals died, whereas only one of seven splenectomized hamsters died. All hamsters treated with ALS before and during primary infection died with persistent peak parasitemias and low serum titers against B. microti. Animals subjected to splenectomy before initial inoculation had an essentially normal clinical course for B. microti infection except that low levels of parasitemia persisted for many weeks and two of eight died. Splenectomized hamsters had normal humoral responses. Although cellular responses are mainly responsible for protection in babesiosis, humoral antibodies may alter the course of this disease. In view of the rather ubiquitous occurrence of Babesia spp. organisms in wild and domestic animals, this parasitosis may be more common in humans than is presently recognized, especially in immunosuppressed or splenectomized individuals and in persons with otherwise reduced cellular immune responses.
RALPH ELLISON'S SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION

This article investigates how the theoretical frameworks of Hegel, Marx, and Freud inform Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man, and it highlights the novel's exploration of sociological concepts such as alienation, freedom, and the unconscious. I will consider Ellison's emergence as a writer and explore how the formal and the thematic variations of the novel are informed by the concepts of dialectics, being, and labor (Hegel and Marx), and psychic structure, Eros, and Ananke (Freud). I will conclude by considering how Ellison's project resonates with the tenets of feminism and post-modernism and how literature can be conceptualized for sociological analysis.
Dürer and the Reformation: The Problem of the Re-Dating of the St. Philip Engraving

It is commonly acknowledged that Albrecht Durer, both as a concerned Christian and as a thinking artist, was deeply affected by the Protestant Reformation. From his early naive interest in Luther to his death as a firmly converted “good Lutheran” Durer showed a consistent involvement with the spiritual turmoil of his times. Most of the modern scholars who have focussed on this problem have sought to understand and explain Durer's religious position in general; it is little wonder that in a personality as complex as Durer's they have found elements of medieval Catholic piety, emerging Protestant faith, and rational humanism as well.1
The ubiquitin proteasome system and myocardial ischemia

The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) has been the subject of intensive research over the past 20 years to define its role in normal physiology and in pathophysiology. Many of these studies have focused in on the cardiovascular system and have determined that the UPS becomes dysfunctional in several pathologies such as familial and idiopathic cardiomyopathies, atherosclerosis, and myocardial ischemia. This review presents a synopsis of the literature as it relates to the role of the UPS in myocardial ischemia. Studies have shown that the UPS is dysfunctional during myocardial ischemia, and recent studies have shed some light on possible mechanisms. Other studies have defined a role for the UPS in ischemic preconditioning which is best associated with myocardial ischemia and is thus presented here. Very recent studies have started to define roles for specific proteasome subunits and components of the ubiquitination machinery in various aspects of myocardial ischemia. Lastly, despite the evidence linking myocardial ischemia and proteasome dysfunction, there are continuing suggestions that proteasome inhibitors may be useful to mitigate ischemic injury. This review presents the rationale behind this and discusses both supportive and nonsupportive studies and presents possible future directions that may help in clarifying this controversy.
Targeted single molecule sequencing methodology for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

Background: One of the most significant issues surrounding next generation sequencing is the cost and the difficulty assembling short read lengths. Targeted capture enrichment of longer fragments using single molecule sequencing (SMS) is expected to improve both sequence assembly and base-call accuracy but, at present, there are very few examples of successful application of these technologic advances in translational research and clinical testing. We developed a targeted single molecule sequencing (T-SMS) panel for genes implicated in ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for infertility. Results: Target enrichment was carried out using droplet-base multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology (RainDance®) designed to yield amplicons averaging 1 kb fragment size from candidate 44 loci (99.8% unique base-pair coverage). The total targeted sequence was 3.18 Mb per sample. SMS was carried out using single molecule, real-time DNA sequencing (SMRT® Pacific Biosciences®), average raw read length = 1178 nucleotides, 5% of the amplicons >6000 nucleotides). After filtering with circular consensus (CCS) reads, the mean read length was 3200 nucleotides (97% CCS accuracy). Primary data analyses, alignment and filtering utilized the Pacific Biosciences® SMRT portal. Secondary analysis was conducted using the Genome Analysis Toolkit for SNP discovery l and wANNOVAR for functional analysis of variants. Filtered functional variants 18 of 19 (94.7%) were further confirmed using conventional Sanger sequencing. CCS reads were able to accurately detect zygosity. Coverage within GC rich regions (i.e.VEGFR; 72% GC rich) was achieved by capturing long genomic DNA (gDNA) fragments and reading into regions that flank the capture regions. As proof of concept, a non-synonymous LHCGR variant captured in two severe OHSS cases, and verified by conventional sequencing. Conclusions: Combining emulsion PCR-generated 1 kb amplicons and SMRT DNA sequencing permitted greater depth of coverage for T-SMS and facilitated easier sequence assembly. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report combining emulsion PCR and T-SMS for long reads using human DNA samples, and NGS panel designed for biomarker discovery in OHSS.
On Gerard P. Smith's scientific character and thought

A fundamental tenet of the intellectual history of science is that the examination of the intellectual qualities of individual eminent scientists is a fruitful exercise for scholars who come after. I therefore review some salient aspects of the scientific character and thought of Gerard P. Smith (GPS), as they have been expressed in his writings. The first section considers some biographical details in respect to the sort of qualities that may prepare a mind for scientific achievement. The second section considers some logical and rhetorical qualities evident in the scientific writing of GPS, especially in the period of his career before the crucial tests of the CCK satiation hypothesis. The third section then considers the character of his thought as revealed in the formal statement, the operationalization, and the critical testing of the CCK satiation hypothesis. The qualities of mind discussed certainly contributed decisively to the scientific achievements of GPS, and their emulation may well contribute to the success of others.
Effective potential of a non-Abelian supersymmetric theory

The effective potential of a non-Abelian supersymmetric theory with internal isospin symmetry is considered. In the one-loop approximation it is shown that the potential is finite without renormalization, and that where it is not zero, it is complex. In two loops, as in one loop, it is shown that the effective potential of the scalar fields alone vanishes identically. Implications of these results are discussed with reference to possible spontaneous symmetry breaking.
Veterans' Responses to Anger Management Intervention

Anger management intervention is an integral part of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment in the Department of Veterans Affairs facilities across the country. However, the efficacy of suc...
Quantitative characterization of abrasive surfaces using a new profile measuring system

Abstract An on-line computer-controlled profilometer is described for quantitative characterization of extremely rough surfaces such as grinding wheels and coated abrasives. Conventional profilometers offer difficulty in the characterization of such surfaces because of the tendency of the stylus to become stuck in the crevices. In this present system, the stylus oscillates while the surface below moves incrementally so that the surface is stationary when contacted by the stylus. Both stylus and wheel motion are controlled by a digital computer. Measurements of surface elevation are input to the computer for digital processing and various surface characteristics are computed. The use of the system is illustrated by showing the effects of grit size on coated abrasive topography.
Structural Changes in Ukraine's Economy: The Effect of Internal and External Factors and the Consequences of the Global Crisis

The article examines the tendencies and internal and external factors of structural changes in the economy of Ukraine. A formalized procedure is suggested for the estimation of structural changes, and the results of international comparisons are presented. The effect of the crisis on structural changes is analyzed, and strategic guidelines for postcrisis development are stated.
Tracheobronchial rupture in a child following blunt trauma

A 6-year-old boy sustained a crush injury to the upper chest that resulted in a linear laceration of the membranous part of the lower trachea and right main stem bronchus. He presented with extensive subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and pneumoperitoneum. The diagnosis was indicated by a CT scan of the chest and confirmed by bronchoscopy. The trachea was intubated in the operating room after rigid bronchoscopy. Intraoperative leakage of gas from the tracheobronchial laceration was minimized by single left-lung manual ventilation and application of moist packs to the site of tracheal injury. Surgical repair was achieved with interrupted sutures of non-absorbable material; a pedicle pleural flap was used to buttress the suture line. The patient was discharged in good condition after 1 week. Complete healing of the anastomosis was attested at bronchoscopy 2 months postoperatively. The rarity of tracheobronchial lacerations in childhood is noted on review of the literature. Emphasis is placed on early recognition and expeditious management of tracheobronchial lacerations. Rarely, these lacerations have been reported to heal spontaneously.
Characterization of anisotropic structure in poly(phenylene vinylene) films

The evolution of the anisotropic structure in poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) films was studied using three nondestructive characterization techniques: prism waveguide coupling, infrared dichroism, and X-ray diffraction. The anisotropic PPV films were thermally converted from precursor drawn films at fixed length. The three-dimensional refractive indices, infrared dichroic ratios, crystal alignment, and orientation function were determined from each film. The results show that converted cast PPV film has a highly planar structure with a tendency for the PPV chains to orient parallel to the film surface. The a axis of the crystal unit cell is normal to the film plane. One-way stretching converts the film from a planar structure to a uniaxial structure.
Interpretation of coincidence form factors in electron-nucleon knockout reactions

We point out that for two extreme reaction mechanisms describing nucleon ejection in the coincidence reaction A(e,e'N)B (resonance or quasifree knockout) the interference form factors can be used to make longitudinal-transverse separation of the inclusive cross section without change in electron scattering angle (resonance case), or a separation of the convection and spin currents in the transverse form factor (quasifree case).
The feasibility of laparoscopic extraperitoneal hernia repair under local anesthesia

Background: Laparoscopic preperitoneal herniorrhaphy has the advantage of being a minimally invasive procedure with a recurrence rate comparable to open preperitoneal repair. However, surgeons have been reluctant to adopt this procedure because it requires general anesthesia.
Studies on the Mechanism of Ventricular Activity XIV. Clinical and Experimental Studies of Accelerated Auriculoventricular Conduction

Seven clinical cases with electrocardiographic patterns of constant or variable short P-R interval are reported. The QRS complex was either normal or aberrant. These abnormalities were reproduced experimentally in dogs by the injection of various drugs into the region of the A-V node. The theories advanced to explain these phenomena are discussed. The results indicate that accelerated A-V nodal conduction is responsible for the short P-R interval. The form of the ventricular complex may be dependent upon synchronous or asynchronous activity of the A-V node. A classification of A-V nodal dysfunction is presented.
Adenoviral gene transfer to the neonatal rat pulmonary circulation.

Background Gene delivery to the pulmonary circulation has been studied in adult animals, but has not been extensively investigated in neonates. Methods We tested the ability of recombinant, replication-defective adenovirus to transduce the pulmonary circulation when delivered by percutaneous ventricular puncture. Five-day-old rat pups were injected with 107 to 1010 particles (approximately 105 to 108 pfu) in 30 µl total volume. Results Using RT-PCR, we detected transgene expression in both lung and liver at all dosages. However, whereas only 1/6 pups injected with 107 particles had detectable expression, 8/9 pups in the two highest dose groups had detectable expression. In the highest dose group expression was approximately 5-fold greater in lung than liver, though in the lower dose groups no difference between lung and liver was found. Expression decreased by only 25% from day 4 through the last time point at day 28 in lung, whereas liver expression was undetectable in 7 of 9 samples on day 28. Histopathological examination demonstrated expression both within the media of large arteries and in small, peripheral arteries and capillaries, with a concentration of expression in the most distal areas of both the lungs and liver. No evidence of inflammation was seen. Conclusions We conclude that the neonatal pulmonary circulation can be effectively transduced using systemic adenoviral vector injection, has more sustained expression than liver, and may be a target for therapeutic gene delivery. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of staining and inhibitors to separate fungal and bacterial activity in soil

Abstract The relative contribution of two major soil microbial groups, fungi and bacteria, to soil respiration was investigated because of their importance in decomposition and nutrient cycling in agroecosystems. The bactericide streptomycin and the fungicide cycloheximide were applied singly and in combination in two glucose-amended (5 g kg−1 soil) and texturally differing agricultural soils, a Valentine sand (Typic Ustipsamment) and a Sharpsburg silty clay loam (Typic Argiudoll). Soils receiving only glucose served as controls. Total and metabolically-active fungal and bacterial microscopic counts were made at 1, 3 and 10 days after amendment. CO2 evolution was measured for 24 h before each sampling for the purpose of relating soil respiration to specific microbial metabolic activity. Intracellular reduction of iodonitrotetrazolium to formazan and accumulation of fluorescein from fluorescein diacetate were used as indicators of metabolically-active bacteria and fungi, respectively. Production of new biomass in controls and fluctuations in CO2 evolution were primarily associated with bacterial activity on the first day, indicating an advantage of bacteria over fungi in initial glucose metabolism. Fungal activity was associated with CO2 production at later sampling times. Reduced respiration, as a result of biocide treatment, occurred only on the first day whereas nontarget or indirect effects of both inhibitors were apparent at later times. Fungal activity rose two to five times above the level of the glucose-amended control on day 3 in streptomycin-treated soils, and bacterial activity was stimulated in the cycloheximide treatment of the Sharpsburg soil on day 10. The effectiveness of streptomycin inhibition on total and active bacterial densities was greater in the Sharpsburg silty clay loam than in the Valentine sand. There was no reduction of total hyphal length due to biocide treatment, and fungal activity with cycloheximide did not differ significantly from that of the control. For our experimental conditions the use of biocides alone did not effectively differentiate between bacterial and fungal activity. Selective staining of metabolically-active microorganisms, however, may offer promise in achieving this goal and appears useful in understanding the importance of bacteria and fungi to nutrient cycling in soil ecosystems.
Biventricular repair for common atrioventricular canal defect with parachute left atrioventricular valve

Parachute left atrioventricular (AV) valve can complicate repair of common atrioventricular canal (CAVC), and single-ventricle palliation is sometimes preferred. The goal of this study is to review our single institutional experience in biventricular repair in this patient group.
Incremental Online Object Learning in a Vehicular Radar-Vision Fusion Framework

In this paper, we propose an object learning system that incorporates sensory information from an automotive radar system and a video camera. The radar system provides coarse attention for the focus of visual analysis on relatively small areas within the image plane. The attended visual areas are coded and learned by a three-layer neural network utilizing what is called in-place learning: Each neuron is responsible for the learning of its own processing characteristics within the connected network environment, through inhibitory and excitatory connections with other neurons. The modeled bottom-up, lateral, and top-down connections in the network enable sensory sparse coding, unsupervised learning, and supervised learning to occur concurrently. This paper is applied to learn two types of encountered objects in multiple outdoor driving settings. Cross-validation results show that the overall recognition accuracy is above 95% for the radar-attended window images. In comparison with the uncoded representation and purely unsupervised learning (without top-down connection), the proposed network improves the overall recognition rate by 15.93% and 6.35%, respectively. The proposed system is also compared favorably with other learning algorithms. The result indicates that our learning system is the only one that is fit for incremental and online object learning in a real-time driving environment.
Shoemaking In The Post-Revolutionary Period: The Business Records of Three Cordwainers of Reading, Massachusetts

Three manuscripts in the possession of the Reading Antiquarian Society contain information about the business of shoemaking in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. One is the journal of James Weston, from 1788 to 1793; the others are account books of John Goodwin, Jr., and John Johnson, covering a somewhat later period. Each presents its distinctive picture of a shoemaker's work, with interesting contrasts. The career of Goodwin, in particular, illustrates one course of development from workman to businessman, which has been followed by many in past generations. It also demonstrates one reason why class lines have been so hard to draw in American experience. Often a man played both the employer's and the employee's roles at different stages of his own personal history, which not only affected his thinking, but also that of many who aspired to follow his example, and were sure it could be done because they had seen it happen. This transition has become more difficult since the development of the factory and its enormous capital requirements, but, in the days before the centralized workshop, enterprise and imagination were often capital enough to launch a business career.
The Adherens Junction Protein Afadin Is an AKT Substrate that Regulates Breast Cancer Cell Migration

The PI3K–AKT signaling pathway regulates all phenotypes that contribute to progression of human cancers, including breast cancer. AKT mediates signal relay by phosphorylating numerous substrates, which are causally implicated in biologic responses such as cell growth, survival, metabolic reprogramming, migration, and invasion. Here a new AKT substrate is identified, the adherens junction protein Afadin, which is phosphorylated by AKT at Ser1718. Importantly, under conditions of physiologic IGF-1 signaling and oncogenic PI3K and AKT, Afadin is phosphorylated by all AKT isoforms, and this phosphorylation elicits a relocalization of Afadin from adherens junctions to the nucleus. Also, phosphorylation of Afadin increased breast cancer cell migration that was dependent on Ser1718 phosphorylation. Finally, nuclear localization of Afadin was observed in clinical breast cancer specimens, indicating that regulation of Afadin by the PI3K–AKT pathway has pathophysiologic significance. Implications: Phosphorylation of the adhesion protein Afadin by AKT downstream of the PI3K pathway, leads to redistribution of Afadin and controls cancer cell migration. Mol Cancer Res; 12(3); 464–76. ©2013 AACR.
Kinematics and statics of a coupled epicyclic spur-gear train

Abstract The purpose of this paper is essentially tutorial: to help recast the classical textbook chapter on gear trains in a modern vein. Hopefully this involves general methods, avoiding ad-hoc reasoning and unnecessary complexity. We believe that recently developed methods [1,2,4], employing a graph representation of kinematic structure, are suitable for this purpose. The procedure for kinematic analysis, force analysis and power-flow determination are outlined in simple step fashion, using, for purposes of illustration, a fairly complex, coupled epicyclic drive shown by Glover [5]. It is hoped that the simplicity of the method will commend itself both to the engineering student as well as to the practicing engineer.
Outcome over seven years of healthy adults with and without subjective cognitive impairment.

Abstract Background Subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) in older persons without manifest symptomatology is a common condition with a largely unclear prognosis. We hypothesized that (1) examining outcome for a sufficient period by using conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia would clarify SCI prognosis, and (2) with the aforementioned procedures, the prognosis of SCI subjects would differ significantly from that of demographically matched healthy subjects, free of SCI, termed no cognitive impairment (NCI) subjects. Methods A consecutive series of healthy subjects, aged ≥40 years, presenting with NCI or SCI to a brain aging and dementia research center during a 14-year interval, were studied and followed up during an 18-year observation window. The study population (60 NCI, 200 SCI, 60% female) had a mean age of 67.2 ± 9.1 years, was well-educated (mean, 15.5 ± 2.7 years), and cognitively normal (Mini-Mental State Examination, 29.1 ± 1.2). Results A total of 213 subjects (81.9% of the study population) were followed up. Follow-up occurred during a mean period of 6.8 ± 3.4 years, and subjects had a mean of 2.9 ± 1.6 follow-up visits. Seven NCI (14.9%) and 90 SCI (54.2%) subjects declined ( P P = .0003). Conclusions These results indicate that SCI in subjects with normal cognition is a harbinger of further decline in most subjects during a 7-year mean follow-up interval. Relevance for community populations should be investigated, and prevention studies in this at-risk population should be explored.