cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Monitoring results of centralized water supply in rural areas of Sandu County from 2008-2012

[Objective]To understand the sanitary condition of water sources of centralized water supply in rural areas of Sandu County,provide the basis for developing the protection measures of water sources.[Methods]The samples of finished water and tap water collected from 52 centralized water supply sites of Sandu County in the wet season and the dry season from 2008-2012 were tested and evaluated.[Results]77 samples of finished water and tap water were respectively collected in the dry season,and each 6 samples met the national standard of drinking water,with both qualified rate of 7.79%.73 samples of finished water and tap water were respectively collected in the wet season,and each 5 samples met the national standard of drinking water,with both qualified rate of 6.85%.The total qualified rate of water samples from county,township and rural area was 100%,86.67% and 84.95% respectively,which reached the water quality standard of Ⅰ Grade and Ⅱ Grade.The total qualified rate of spring water,stream water,reservoir water and river water was 95.45%,88.02%,83.33% and 72.58%,respectively.[Conclusion]There are some problems on water quality of centralized water supply in rural areas of Sandu County.It is necessary to strengthen the protection of water sources,health management and disinfection of centralized water supply in rural areas according to the main influencing factors.
A Syndromic Surveillance System for Public Health Security in Expo 2010 Shanghai China

[Objective] To establish and evaluate the effect of a surveillance and alarm system monitoring clinic visits for abnormalities within Expo sites for public health security purpose. [Methods] A surveillance system monitoring clinic visits for abnormalities within Expo sites was established by the means of risk assessment and expert consultation. Six syndromes including flu-like syndrome, gastrointestinal syndrome, fever with rash syndrome, fever with hemorrhage syndrome, central nervous system syndrome and jaundice-like syndrome were collected through the system from May 1st, 2010 to Oct 31, 2010. [Results] The surveillance system was active and no outbreak of infectious diseases was detected from May 1st to Oct 31, 2010. [Conclusion] The surveillance system monitoring clinic visits for abnormalities within Expo sites has been established and active in Shanghai Expo. It plays important role in disease prevention and early alarming of medical emergency.
Effect of Taekwondo Training on Lower Body Strength and Balance in Young Adults with Down Syndrome

Research with individuals with Down syndrome (DS) suggests that increasing strength and balance may lead to increases in independence and self-reliance. Taekwondo has been shown to increase strength and balance in typically developing (TD) individuals. A study was undertaken to determine whether Taekwondo training can improve lower body strength and balance of young adults with DS. Forty-four adults with DS aged 21–30 years were assigned to either taekwondo classes 2 days/weeks for 10 weeks (n = 22) or a control group (n = 22). Measurements were taken prior to training, after 5 weeks and after 10 weeks of training, and after a 5 week detraining period. Strength was measured utilizing a hand-held dynamometer. Balance tests utilized the modified Clinical Test for Sensory Integration and Balance (mCTSIB) with eyes open and closed, whereas dynamic balance was measured utilizing a limits of stability (LOS) test. A repeated measures MANOVA (significance level set at p < .05) was utilized to determine differences between groups over time for each of the three assessments. It was found that there was a significant mean increase in lower body strength after 5 weeks (pre: 142.1 lbs ± 52.4; 5 week: 197.7 lbs ± 71.2), and an additional increase after 10 weeks of training (10 week: 227.9 lbs ± 74.9). A decrease in strength was shown after detraining (188.5 lbs ± 63.7). Strength measures for the control group remained unchanged. There were no significant differences seen between groups in static or dynamic balance. The authors concluded that Taekwondo can be an effective method to increase strength of individuals with DS. Additional research is needed to determine if these strength changes lead to benefits related to physical function and independence.
PTSD—When the Troops Come Home from Iraq: An Early Look at an Unfolding Story Reported Experientially:

Exploring the experiences soldiers as they return from active duty, this article is written from the perspective of a Chaplain who was in Afghanistan during Operation Enduring Freedom. Currently he...
The Quarrel: Men Who Would Be King

Kingship is, of course, not a kind of property that can be divided in equal shares. Mario Liverani The first term used to describe the quarrel between Achilleus and Agamemnon in the Iliad is eris (strife, 1.8). The Trojan War actually begins with the arrival of Eris , strife personified, at the wedding of Thetis and Peleus, and even the war itself may be designated as eris . Moreover, eris is successfully displaced from the divine to the human realm when Paris is asked to judge which of three goddesses – Hera, Athene, or Aphrodite – is most beautiful. The displacement of eris in traditions about pre- Iliad events should also be read against the Theogony 's project of the displacement of the female principle and the law of generational succession from the divine to the human spheres. Agamemnon and Achilleus' eris recalls the primordial scenes at the mythological foundations of the war and even beyond it to the rise of the Olympian order and, accordingly, can be seen to signify a struggle for dominance. Agamemnon is thus cast in the role of father, and Achilleus, true to prophecy is best, aristos . Their quarrel thus enacts the cosmic struggle for dominance that would have occurred had Zeus mated with Thetis. Achilleus claims that the quarrel originates in a long-standing conflict between Agamemnon's privileged position and the agonistic timē -based status system.
Learning social behaviors without sensing

A learning algorithm is presented that enables agents that do not have the ability to sense other agents to adapt its behaviors (that were learned in a single agent environment) to novel situations (deadlocks arising from existing in an autonomous multi-agent system). This adaptation takes place as the agent continues to perform its construction task. When the agents are confined to narrow spaces, this learned behavior leads to a "bucket brigade". The algorithm also learns the pattern of activations on its spatial map that is associated with deadlocks and the new behaviors are exhibited when this pattern is later observed.
Performative listening: hearing others in qualitative research

I am 10. I’m sitting sideways at the kitchen table, eating toast. I’m always poised to launch. The house is quiet. But when I listen carefully, I hear the swooshing of cars on our rural, well-trave...
A New Collaborative Tool for Visually Understanding National Health Indicators

The authors propose a new online collaborative tool for visually understanding national health indicators, which facilitates the full spectrum of investigation of indicators, from an overview of all the correlation coefficients between variables, to investigation of subsets of selected variables, and to individual data element analysis. this tool is publicly accessible at http://cda.ornl.gov/heat/heatmap.html. In this paper, they discuss the key issues regarding the interface design and implementation. They also illustrate how to use their interface for analyzing the health indicator dataset by showing some key system views. In the end, they introduce and discuss some ongoing research efforts extending this work.
Global variability and changes in ocean total alkalinity from Aquarius satellite data

This work demonstrates how large-scale Aquarius satellite salinity data have provided an unprecedented opportunity when combined with total alkalinity (TA) equations as a function of salinity and temperature to examine global changes in the CO2 system. Alkalinity is a gauge on the ability of seawater to neutralize acids. TA correlates strongly with salinity. Spatial variability in alkalinity and salinity exceed temporal variability. Northern Hemisphere has more spatial variability in TA and salinity, while less variability in Southern Ocean TA is due to less salinity variability and upwelling of waters enriched in alkalinity. For the first time it is shown that TA in subtropical regions has increased as compared with climatological data; this is reflective of large-scale changes in the global water cycle. Thus, as temperature and salinity increase in subtropical regions, the resultant increase in TA and ocean acidification is reinforcing that from oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO2.
On the formation of hot and warm Jupiters via secular high-eccentricity migration in stellar triples

Hot Jupiters (HJs) are Jupiter-like planets orbiting their host star in tight orbits of a few days. They are commonly believed not to have formed in situ, requiring inwards migration towards the host star. One of the proposed migration scenarios is secular high-eccentricity or high-$e$ migration, in which the orbit of the planet is perturbed to high eccentricity by secular processes, triggering strong tidal evolution and orbital migration. Previous theoretical studies have considered secular excitation in stellar binaries. Recently, a number of HJs have been observed in stellar triple systems. In the latter, the secular dynamics are much richer compared to stellar binaries, and HJs could potentially be formed more efficiently. Here, we investigate this possibility by modeling the secular dynamical and tidal evolution of planets in two hierarchical configurations in stellar triple systems. We find that the HJ formation efficiency is higher compared to stellar binaries, but only by at most a few tens of per cent. The orbital properties of the HJs formed in the simulations are very similar to HJs formed in stellar binaries, and similarly to studies of the latter we find no significant number of warm Jupiters. HJs are only formed in our simulations for triples with specific orbital configurations, and our constraints are approximately consistent with current observations. In future, this allows to rule out high-$e$ migration in stellar triples if a HJ is detected in a triple grossly violating these constraints.
La vida como parcialidad: un itinerario para la resistencia

El articulo pretende constituirse como un itinerario para aproximarse, por una parte, a la nocion de vida que es sugerida por Deleuze a lo largo de su obra. En segundo lugar, pretende echar luz sobre el caracter especifico de esta nocion de vida en cuanto implica un momento de resistencia. Con este proposito, se revisa el sentido politico de la vida en cuanto momento de evasion e invencion al interior del juego de relaciones de poder. Para ello, una revision de la lectura que hace Deleuze de la analitica del poder de Foucault es indispensable. Desde estas mismas consideraciones, se vislumbra un momento posterior en que es necesario dar cuenta de los aportes del saber mas formal sobre la vida. Se trata en este punto de captar la nocion de vida como aquello que resiste a la muerte, desbordando el plano meramente biologico para superponerse con el plano de la resistencia al poder. Para ello se hilvana un debate que va desde la conformacion de la biologia moderna hasta los aportes de Canguilhem. Las figuras de Bichat y Foucault son nuevamente relevantes para lo anterior. Finalmente, en el momento de las conclusiones se muestra como Deleuze, a traves de una conjuncion intima entre pensamiento y vida, es capaz de poner en resonancia ambas esferas. Desde esta operacion se muestran algunas proyecciones y retos teoricos eventuales que, lejos de resolver las interrogantes, hacen mas denso y complejo el desafio de aproximarse a la vida.
Area-based similarity measures residue analysis for registration of remotely sensed aerial imagery for homeland-security wide area surveillance

ISR imagery for wide area surveillance, in general, is acquired by an airborne platform flying at an altitude of thousands of feet. At these altitudes, scaling and perspective are negligible to influence the registration process. Unfortunately, at these altitudes there may be a lack of discriminating dominant structures for the determination of the related corresponding discrete points, to facilitate the conventional feature extraction based registration. However, an area-based approach can sometimes be more viable at these relatively high altitudes, as it looks at the collective connected features/structures in a given reference and template. In particular, for a given application, various orientations, for determining registration parameters, may look very similar but may have small differences that may affect image registration and the related computer based techniques for threat detection. Therefore residue analysis, not based on landmarks or discrete structures, as is the case in classical registration methods, but on a set of connected structures or landmarks in a given area/template can provide a measure of effectiveness of a similarity measure for area-based techniques, which is the focus of this paper.
Single Crystal Growth and Effective Doping of Fe:ZnS under Hot Isostatic Pressing

We report on recrystallization and effective doping of ZnS ceramics under hot isostatic pressing resulting in a large cm-scale monocrystalline domains formation and an increase of the Fe diffusion length by two orders of magnitude.
An ambiphilic phosphine/H-bond donor ligand and its application to the gold mediated cyclization of propargylamides

We describe the synthesis of an ambiphilic phosphine/H-bond donor ligand featuring a trifluoroacetamide functionality, its coordination to gold(i) chloride, and its application as a self-activating catalyst for the cyclization of propargylamides.
Predicting the Conformational Variability of Abl tyrosine kinase using Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Markov State Models.

Understanding protein conformational variability remains a challenge in drug discovery. The issue arises in protein kinases, whose multiple conformational states can affect the binding of small-molecule inhibitors. To overcome this challenge, we propose a comprehensive computational framework based on Markov state models (MSMs). Our framework integrates the information from explicit-solvent molecular dynamics simulations to accurately rank-order the accessible conformational variants of a target protein. We tested the methodology using Abl kinase with a reference and blind-test set. Only half of the Abl conformational variants discovered by our approach are present in the disclosed X-ray structures. The approach successfully identified a protein conformational state not previously observed in public structures but evident in a retrospective analysis of Lilly in-house structures: the X-ray structure of Abl with WHI-P154. Using a MSM-derived model, the free energy landscape and kinetic profile of Abl was an...
Synthesis and Processing of NaSICON/Polymer Membranes

In this work, Integrated Mechanical and Thermal Activation (IMTA) process is used to synthesize pure natrium super ion conductor (NaSICON), Na1+xZr2SixP3-xO12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 3), powder which is then utilized to fabricate NaSICON/polymer composite membranes. The composite membranes are fabricated via tape-casting of a NaSICON slurry, followed by sintering of the green tape to partial densification and then infiltrating the partially sintered tape with polyethylene (PE). The Na-ion conductivities of IMTA-processed NaSICON membranes are characterized and the total conductivity of IMTA-processed membranes without polymer is found to be 3.04 ± 0.1 × 10-4 S/cm, while the sintered bulk density is 3.04 g/cm3. Most importantly, this study has achieved and proved the feasibility and mechanical flexibility of NaSICON/polymer composite membranes.
Readmission Patterns During Long-Term Follow-Up After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation

As more patients are supported for longer periods by a left ventricular assist device (LVAD), hospital readmission is becoming a growing problem. However, data about temporal changes in readmission rates and causes for patients with prolonged LVAD support are limited. We aimed to evaluate rates, causes, and predictors of any and long-term readmission after LVAD placement at our institution. We followed 177 HeartMate II LVAD patients for a mean of 1.90 ± 1.33 years post initial discharge after implantation. A marginal rate model was used to evaluate readmission rates, accounting for mortality. During the first year, the readmission rate was 1.79 (95% confidence interval 1.51 to 2.10) readmissions per year. The readmission rate was 1.54 (95% confidence interval 1.07 to 1.93) 2 to 3 years after initial discharge. There was a further decrease in readmission rate in the 3- to 4-year interval. The most common causes of readmission during the first year and even after 3 to 4 years of LVAD support were bleeding (excluding intracranial bleeding) and infection. Female gender was associated with an increased risk of readmission in multivariable analyses, while blood urea nitrogen was predictive of long-term readmissions. In conclusion, readmission after LVAD implantation is common, but readmission rates decrease during long-term follow-up. Bleeding and infection remain leading causes of readmission during longer follow-up and strategies to decrease these complications may reduce readmission rates. Female patients and patients with renal dysfunction have increased risk of readmission and further studies are needed to improve outcomes in these groups.
Oxidation of the capsular polysaccharide of pneumoccal type IX by periodate

1. The pneumococcal type IX polysaccharide (polysaccharide S IX) has been oxidized by sodium metaperiodate and reduced by sodium borohydride. Of the constituent monosaccharides, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmannosamine remain unaltered, whereas 40% of the glucose and 90% of the glucuronic acid are oxidized. 2. The effect of oxidation and subsequent reduction on the precipitation of polysaccharide S IX in anti-(pneumococcal) sera is described and interpreted in structural terms. 3. Oligosaccharides produced by oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis with dilute acid have been isolated and partially characterized. 4. The results in this paper and the preceding one (Higginbotham et al., 1972) are used to postulate a possible structure for polysaccharide S IX.
Intrinsic photophysics of nitrophenolate ions studied by cryogenic ion spectroscopy

The intrinsic photophysics of nitrophenolate isomers (meta, para, and ortho) was studied at low temperature using photodissociation mass spectrometry in a cryogenic ion trap instrument. Each isomer has distinct photophysics that affects the excited state lifetimes, as observed experimentally in their spectroscopic linewidths. Visible-light-induced excitation of m-nitrophenolate gives rise to well-resolved vibronic features in the spectrum of the S1 state. The para and ortho isomers have broad spectra – even at cryogenic temperatures – due to their shorter excited state lifetimes and spectral congestion. We present computational evidence for mixing of the first and second excited states of o-nitrophenolate, leading to significant additional broadening in the experimental spectrum.
Gait Recognition Based on Tensor Analysis of Acceleration Data from Wearable Sensors

We use commercial wearable sensors to collect three-dimensional acceleration signals from various gaits. Then, we organize the collected measurements in three-way tensors and present a simple, efficient gait classification scheme based on TUCKER2 tensor decomposition. The proposed scheme derives as multi-linear generalization of the nearest-subspace classifier. Our experimental studies show that the proposed approach manages to automatically identify the motion axes of interest and classify walking, jogging, and running gaits with high accuracy.
Step-by-step computation of corrected asymptotic variance-covariance matrices of two-stage estimators in a simultaneous equations model with a mixture of four continuous and binary dependent variables

ABSTRACTThe current study presents easily computable formulas for asymptotic variance-covariance matrices of the two-stage estimators in a simultaneous equation model with a mixture of four continuous and binary dependent variables. For the sake of econometrics practitioners, the study uses an illustrative example from the current literature and demonstrates step-by-step computation of these variance-covariance matrices by using the matrix routine of a popular econometric software.
Resurfacing of Two Separate Digital Defects Using a Single Fascial Free Flap with Neosyndactylization

We report a case of a 20-year-old patient who sustained a mutilating crush injury to the left-hand index and ring finger volar surface measuring 5 × 6 cm from the distal end of the proximal phalanx to the fingertips. After thorough debridement and stabilization of the skeletal injury, a radial forearm fascia only free flap measuring 6 × 7 cm was used to resurface the distal soft tissue volar defect of two adjacent fingers. Digital nerve grafting was also required, and this was done using autologous nerve graft from the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve. This thin fascia only flap allows for stable soft tissue coverage and provides a gliding surface for the underlying tendons. The neosyndactylized digits were safely divided at 3-month follow-up, and excellent functional and aesthetic results were achieved. The radial forearm fascia is a thin, durable, and pliable tissue that is based on the radial artery as a vascular pedicle. We consider this free fascial flap as a valuable option for coverage of multiple complex distal digit injuries using a single flap and highly recommend its use.
Advancements in holographic photoelasticity: The interpretation of fringes in double-exposure holographic photoelasticity is discussed, and single- and double-exposure photoelastic holograms of stress waves taken with a ruby laser are presented

The success of double-exposure holography as an interferometric technique for experimental stress analysis has lead to several recent publications dealing with the theoretical expression which describes the resulting photoelastic patterns. This paper describes the extension of current theory to include the effect of an intensity difference between the light used during the first exposure and that used during the second exposure. It is shown that as the ratio of these two intensities is changed both the position and the intensity of the photoelastic-fringe pattern is altered. An interpretation of the photoelastic pattern as a simple combination of isochromatic and isopachic-fringe patterns is shown to be possible only under certain conditions.
Learning Robust Global Representations by Penalizing Local Predictive Power.

Despite their renowned predictive power on i.i.d. data, convolutional neural networks are known to rely more on high-frequency patterns that humans deem superficial than on low-frequency patterns that agree better with intuitions about what constitutes category membership. This paper proposes a method for training robust convolutional networks by penalizing the predictive power of the local representations learned by earlier layers. Intuitively, our networks are forced to discard predictive signals such as color and texture that can be gleaned from local receptive fields and to rely instead on the global structures of the image. Across a battery of synthetic and benchmark domain adaptation tasks, our method confers improved generalization out of the domain. Also, to evaluate cross-domain transfer, we introduce ImageNet-Sketch, a new dataset consisting of sketch-like images, that matches the ImageNet classification validation set in categories and scale.
Nutrition of the Elderly

There is no clearly defined classification of those who belong in the elderly group. Elderly, old, and aged are relative terms without clear definition. According to Anderson (1976), no individual should be considered old until after 80 years of age. In this discussion, “the elderly” is the term used for all who are 60 years of age and over. Chronological age is the one common factor for this group. The biologic effects of aging are discernible at widely different ages. Metabolic changes may show in the sixth decade of life for some for others, not until after age 80, and there are frequent cases of individuals 90 years of age and over who are more vigorous and mentally alert than some middle-aged adults.
The application of poorly crystalline silicotitanate in production of 225Ac.

Actinium-225 (225Ac) can be produced from a Thorium-229/Radium-225 (229Th/225Ra) generator, from high/low energy proton irradiated natural Thorium or Radium-226 target. Titanium based ion exchanger were evaluated for purification of 225Ac. Poorly crystalline silicotitanate (PCST) ion exchanger had high selectivity for Ba, Ag and Th. 225Ac was received with trace amounts of 227Ac, 227Th and 223Ra, and the solution was used to evaluate the retention of the isotopes on PCST ion exchanger. Over 90% of the 225Ac was recovered from PCST, and the radiopurity was >99% (calculated based on 225Ac, 227Th, and 223Ra). The capacity of the PCST inorganic ion exchange for Barium and 232Th was determined to be 24.19 mg/mL for Barium and 5.05 mg/mL for Thorium. PCST ion exchanger could separate 225Ac from isotopes of Ra and Th, and the process represents an interesting one step separation that could be used in an 225Ac generator from 225Ra and/or 229Th. Capacity studies indicated PCST could be used to separate 225Ac produced on small 226Ra targets (0.3–1 g), but PCST did not have a high enough capacity for production scale Th targets (50–100 g).
Naturalizing Decision Making: Heuristics and Concerns

This chapter, Naturalizing Decision Making, places human reasoning as core pieces of adaptation, aids and heuristics in problem solving. The metaphors are about adapting. Diverse metaphors underlie our considerations of the brain. They also underlie human decision making.
Knowledge of Autism Spectrum Disorder among School Psychology Graduate Students.

Current estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) show that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) currently impacts approximately 1 in 59 children (CDC 2018). As many children are being diagnosed with ASD or receiving an educational identification of autism during preschool and school age years, school psychologists may be the initial point of contact for families when first assessing for and receiving school-based services for ASD and must have robust knowledge on this topic. However, there is currently limited information regarding ASD knowledge among school psychologists, particularly school psychology graduate students. School psychology graduate students were given the Autism Spectrum Knowledge Scale Professional Version (ASKSP) to obtain measured ASD knowledge and were asked about their self-perceived ASD knowledge and clinical skill competencies with children and families with ASD. The results demonstrate that in general, graduate students have many self-perceived limitations regarding ASD knowledge and competencies. Although there is a positive trend towards obtaining more knowledge and self-perceived competencies over the course of the graduate program, there are multiple areas where increased training and professional development is needed. This study also demonstrates the potential utility of the ASKSP in future research and training environments.
Comparison of a Collective Intelligence Tailored Messaging System on Smoking Cessation Between African American and White People Who Smoke: Quasi-Experimental Design.

Background: The Patient Experience Recommender System for Persuasive Communication Tailoring (PERSPeCT) is a machine learning recommender system with a database of messages to motivate smoking cessation. PERSPeCT uses the collective intelligence of users (ie, preferences and feedback) and demographic and smoking profiles to select motivating messages. PERSPeCT may be more beneficial for tailoring content to minority groups influenced by complex, personally relevant factors. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe and evaluate the use of PERSPeCT in African American people who smoke compared with white people who smoke. Methods: Using a quasi-experimental design, we compared African American people who smoke with a historical cohort of white people who smoke, who both received up to 30 emailed tailored messages over 65 days. People who smoke rated the daily message in terms of perceived influence on quitting smoking for 30 days. Our primary analysis compared daily message ratings between the two groups using a t test. We used a logistic model to compare 30-day cessation between the two groups and adjusted for covariates. Results: The study included 119 people who smoke (African Americans, 55/119; whites, 64/119). At baseline, African American people who smoke were significantly more likely to report allowing smoking in the home (P=.002); all other characteristics were not significantly different between groups. Daily mean ratings were higher for African American than white people who smoke on 26 of the 30 days (P<.001). Odds of quitting as measured by 30-day cessation were significantly higher for African Americans (odds ratio 2.3, 95% CI 1.04-5.53; P=.03) and did not change after adjusting for allowing smoking at home. Conclusions: Our study highlighted the potential of using a recommender system to personalize for African American people who smoke. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02200432; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02200432
16 – Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Publisher Summary Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex and chronic disorder of brain, behavior, and development whose behavioral and cognitive consequences pervade multiple areas of functioning in an estimated 3% to 5% of school-age children. Consummating a diagnosis of ADHD in children is a multifaceted, time consuming endeavor, which is complicated by multiple factors. Expert guidelines in psychiatry and psychology recommend that a qualified clinician conduct a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation utilizing multiple assessment instruments. These range from subjective measures such as ratings scales and clinical interviews to increasingly objective measures such as direct observation and sophisticated actigraphs. The process must also include careful review of psychoeducational test data and the child's social developmental, medical, educational, psychiatric, familial, and treatment histories. There are no stand-alone instruments, diagnostic tests, or experimental paradigms that can reliably yield a diagnosis. Epidemiological and developmental studies indicate that ADHD-related behavior problems typically emerge by 3–3.5 years of age and worsen significantly when children enter a structured environment that requires them to pay attention to and complete academic tasks for age-appropriate time intervals. Socialization processes are also strained at this time. A psychoeducational assessment, comprehensive clinical evaluation, intensive historical review, and advanced knowledge concerning differences between and among common clinical child disorders with overlapping symptom presentations is needed to accurately distinguish ADHD from other clinical disorders. Renewed efforts to challenge and explore potential underlying core deficits associated with ADHD, such as working memory, will stimulate the creation of valid assessment instruments for diagnosing ADHD.
Whiteness of a Darker Shade: Reclassifying Italian-Americans in the Trials of Maria Barbella

It has been established that racial categories are constituted by rhetoric as much as reality and that whiteness occupies the position of greatest power in the resulting hierarchy. Prior research h...
Options for Accessing Online Electronic Resources in Difficult Fiscal Times

Accessing electronic books and electronic journals both on- and off-campus is no longer a perk, but rather an expectation of community members. Providing access off-campus is expensive and requires...
Personal Characteristics Associated with Working After Disability Onset for People with Visual Impairments

Introduction:This study utilized data from the 2014 Survey of Disability and Employment (SDE) to examine personal characteristics that influenced employment after disability onset for people who ar...
The effects of a maternal nursing competency reinforcement program on nursing students’ problem-solving ability, emotional intelligence, self-directed learning ability, and maternal nursing performance in Korea: a randomized controlled trial

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a maternal nursing competency reinforcement program for nursing students and assess the program’s effectiveness in Korea. Methods: The maternal nursing competency reinforcement program was developed following the ADDIE model. This study employed an explanatory sequential mixed methods design that applied a non-blinded, randomized controlled trial with nursing students (28 experimental, 33 control) followed by open-ended interviews with a subset (n=7). Data were analyzed by both qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. Results: Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that significant differences according to group and time in maternal nursing performance; assessment of and intervention in postpartum uterine involution and vaginal discharge (F=24.04, p<.001), assessment of and intervention in amniotic membrane rupture (F=36.39, p<.001), assessment of and intervention in delivery process through vaginal examination (F=32.42, p<.001), and nursing care of patients undergoing induced labor (F=48.03, p<.001). Group and time improvements were also noted for problem-solving ability (F=9.73, p<.001) and emotional intelligence (F=4.32, p=.016). There were significant differences between groups in self-directed learning ability (F=13.09, p=.001), but not over time. The three main categories derived from content analysis include “learning with a colleague by simulation promotes self-reflection and learning,” “improvement in maternal nursing knowledge and performance by learning various countermeasures,” and “learning of emotionally supportive care, but being insufficient.” Conclusion: The maternal nursing competency reinforcement program can be effectively utilized to improve maternal nursing performance, problem-solving ability, and emotional intelligence for nursing students.
Microcomputers and the Hotel Executive

Microcomputers are emerging as a potent source for decisionmaking for hotel management. This article provides the hotel executive with a short course on the possibilities of microcomputers in his or her everyday work.
Neuroanatomy of the GnRH-1 System

The GnRH neurosecretory systems stems of vertebrates ar evolutionarily conserved. In mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, the hypophysiotropic GnRH-1 neurons have their perikarya in the preoptic area (POA) and anterior hypothalamic regions, and these cells project a neuronal process to the median eminence. There, GnRH is released from the neuroterminals into portal capillary vessels leading to the anterior pituitary gland. In fish, GnRH-1 neurons project directly to the anterior pituitary gland. In all cases, the pulsatile release of the GnRH-1 decapeptide regulates the release of the pituitary gonadotropins. The hypophysiotropic GnRH-1 population of all vertebrate species studied to date develops during embryogenesis from cells in the olfactory placode, as discussed in detail in Chapter 3. These GnRH-1 cells are first detected in mid-gestation in the olfactory placode, migrate into the central nervous system along the nervus terminalis, and enter the caudal telencephalon/rostral diencephalon in late gestation (reviewed in Wray, 2001).
Compiler Techniques for Fine-Grain Execution on Workstation Clusters Using PAPERS

Just a few years ago, parallel computers were tightly-coupled SIMD, VLIW, or MIMD machines. Now, they are clusters of workstations connected by communication networks yielding ever-higher bandwidth (e.g., Ethernet, FDDI, HiPPI, ATM). For these clusters, compiler research is centered on techniques for hiding huge synchronization and communication latencies, etc. — in general, trying to make parallel programs based on fine-grain aggregate operations fit an existing network execution model that is optimized for point-to-point block transfers.
A Special Commemorative Issue Honoring William S. Comanor and 50 Years of Pharmaceutical Economics

AbstractAn introduction to the special issue on pharmaceutical economics and policy commemorating William S. (‘Bill') Comanor and 50 years of pharmaceutical economics.
Simulation of thermal/dissolved oxygen habitat for fishes in lakes under different climate scenarios: Part 1. Cool-water fish in the contiguous US

Abstract Fish habitat is strongly constrained by water temperature and available dissolved oxygen (DO). Thermal/DO habitat for cool-water fish in small lakes was therefore determined from simulated daily water temperature and DO profiles. Twenty-seven types of lakes were simulated with past (1961–1979) climate conditions observed at 209 weather stations in the contiguous USA as input, and with a 2×CO 2 climate scenario that is projected to occur at the same locations. The output of the Canadian Climate Centre General Circulation Model (CCC GCM) was used to determine the climate data increments for a doubling of atmospheric CO 2 . A verified, process-oriented, unsteady and one-dimensional (vertical) lake water quality model (MINLAKE96) was used for the year-round temperature and DO simulations, which were run in a continuous mode over a 19-year simulation period. Water temperature and DO criteria for survival and good-growth of cool-water fish were provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Cool-water fish in this study comprise seven species, northern pike, white sucker, black crappie, white crappie, yellow perch, sauger, and walleye. Nine fish habitat parameters were developed to quantify thermal habitat of cool-water fish and were extracted for the 27 lake types at 209 locations of the contiguous US. Fish habitat parameters were found to depend more strongly on lake geometry (surface area and maximum depth) and less on trophic state. Winterkill which occurs in eutrophic and mesotrophic, shallow lakes of the north-central and northeastern states of the contiguous US under present climate conditions, is projected to disappear under the 2×CO 2 climate scenario due to a shortening of the ice cover period. Climate warming is projected to increase the good-growth period of cool-water fish by up to 137 days in lakes in the north-central and northeastern states and to decrease it by up to 103 days in lakes at several south-central and southeastern states of the contiguous US. Due to climate warming, the good-growth period, the good-growth habitat areas and the good-growth habitat volumes of cool-water fish are projected to increase by 20, 10, and 8% from the past values, respectively, in medium-depth lakes of the contiguous US. Climate warming is projected to reduce the number of locations, where lakes have suitable cool-water fish habitat, by up to 62 out of 209 (30%). Average reductions are 56, 42, and 7 locations (27, 20, and 3%) for shallow (4 m), medium-depth (13 m), and deep (24 m) lakes, respectively. Summerkill under the projected 2×CO 2 CCC climate scenario is a projected significant negative impact on cool-water fish in southern lakes of the contiguous US, where suitable habitat existed under past conditions.
The Birth of Self and Society: The Language of the Unconscious in Richard Adams's Watership Down

In Richard Adams's Watership Down, a "family" of rabbits, suddenly and traumatically displaced from their homes by the development of the land, must search the surrounding countryside for a new "warren." In order to survive their democratic pilgrimage from innocence to experience, their mythic search for a brave new world, their initiation into humanhood, so to speak, the rabbits have to learn the signs and signifiers of humanity's world, the discourse of humanity's dealings. As a dynamic organism, the little band of rabbits grows in size and savvy, ultimately surviving through a combination of their innate instincts and the emerging self-knowledge derived from their anthropomorphic authorization. Adams's rabbits symbolize the individuation of the self as it attains actualization through language.
Effect of Airborne-Particle Abrasion and Aqueous Storage on Flexural Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Dowels

Purpose: A great range of clinical failures have been observed with fiber-reinforced dowels, often attributed to fracture or bending of the dowels. This study investigated flexural properties of fiber-reinforced dowels, with and without airborne-particle abrasion, after storage in aqueous environments over time. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the mode of failure of dowels. Materials and Methods: Two dowel systems (ParaPost Fiber Lux and FibreKor) were evaluated. Ten dowels of each system were randomly assigned to one of six experimental groups: 1 – control, dry condition; 2 – dowels airborne-particle abraded and then stored dry; 3 – dowels stored for 24 hours in aqueous solution at 37°C; 4 – dowels airborne-particle abraded followed by 24-hour aqueous storage at 37°C; 5 – dowels stored for 30 days in aqueous solution at 37°C; 6 – dowels airborne-particle abraded followed by 30-day aqueous storage at 37°C. Flexural strength and flexural modulus were tested for all groups according to American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard D4476. One failed dowel from each group was randomly selected to be evaluated with SEM equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to characterize the failure pattern. One intact dowel of each system was also analyzed with SEM and EDS for baseline information. Results: Mean flexural modulus and strength of ParaPost Fiber Lux dowels across all conditions were 29.59 ± 2.89 GPa and 789.11 ± 89.88 MPa, respectively. Mean flexural modulus and strength of FibreKor dowels across all conditions were 25.58 ± 1.48 GPa and 742.68 ± 89.81 MPa, respectively. One-way ANOVA and a post hoc Dunnett's t-test showed a statistically significant decrease in flexural strength as compared to the dry control group for all experimental groups stored in water, for both dowel systems (p 0.05). SEM and EDS analyses revealed differences in composition and failure mode of the two dowel systems. Failed dowels of each system revealed similar failure patterns, irrespective of the experimental group. Conclusions: Aqueous storage had a negative effect on flexural properties of fiber-reinforced dowels, and this negative effect appeared to increase with longer storage times. The fiber/resin matrix interface was the weak structure for the dowel systems tested.
Using homology relations within a database markedly boosts protein sequence similarity search

Inference of homology from protein sequences provides an essential tool for analyzing protein structure, function, and evolution. Current sequence-based homology search methods are still unable to detect many similarities evident from protein spatial structures. In computer science a search engine can be improved by considering networks of known relationships within the search database. Here, we apply this idea to protein-sequence–based homology search and show that it dramatically enhances the search accuracy. Our new method, COMPADRE (COmparison of Multiple Protein sequence Alignments using Database RElationships) assesses the relationship between the query sequence and a hit in the database by considering the similarity between the query and hit’s known homologs. This approach increases detection quality, boosting the precision rate from 18% to 83% at half-coverage of all database homologs. The increased precision rate allows detection of a large fraction of protein structural relationships, thus providing structure and function predictions for previously uncharacterized proteins. Our results suggest that this general approach is applicable to a wide variety of methods for detection of biological similarities. The web server is available at prodata.swmed.edu/compadre.
Characterization of circulating transfer RNA-Derived RNA fragments in cattle

The objective was to characterize naturally occurring circulating transfer RNA-derived RNA Fragments (tRFs) in cattle. Serum from eight clinically normal adult dairy cows was collected, and small non-coding RNAs were extracted immediately after collection and sequenced by Illumina MiSeq. Sequences aligned to transfer RNA (tRNA) genes or their flanking sequences were characterized. Sequences aligned to the beginning of 5’ end of the mature tRNA were classified as tRF5; those aligned to the 3’ end of mature tRNA were classified as tRF3; and those aligned to the beginning of the 3’ end flanking sequences were classified as tRF1. There were 3,190,962 sequences that mapped to transfer RNA and small non-coding RNAs in the bovine genome. Of these, 2,323,520 were identified as tRF5s, 562 were tRF3s, and 81 were tRF1s. There were 866,799 sequences identified as other small non-coding RNAs (MicroRNA, rRNA, snoRNA, etc.) and were excluded from the study. The tRF5s ranged from 28 to 40 nucleotides; and 98.7% ranged from 30 to 34 nucleotides in length. The tRFs with the greatest number of sequences were derived from tRNA of histidine, glutamic acid, lysine, glycine, and valine. There was no association between number of codons for each amino acid and number of tRFs in the samples. The reason for tRF5s being the most abundant can only be explained if these sequences are associated with function within the animal.
The contribution of inorganic and organic nutrients to the growth of a North American isolate of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate, Dinophysis acuminata

Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) is a globally significant human health syndrome most commonly caused by dinoflagellates of the genus Dinophysis. While ecosystem studies suggest that blooms of this mixotrophic dinoflagellate can be promoted by excessive nitrogen (N) loading, it is unclear whether these effects are direct (nutrient stimulation of Dinophysis) or indirect (nutrient stimulation of prey) since this alga is mixotrophic and culture studies investigating the effects of nutrients on Dinophysis have not been performed. We established an isolate of Dinophysis acuminata from New York waters and conducted controlled culture experiments to assess the effects of nutrients on the growth of this dinoflagellate with and without its prey, Mesodinium rubrum. Dinophysis was found to rapidly assimilate 15N-labeled ammonium and urea, AND to a far lesser extent nitrate. Cultures grown with and without prey generally grew faster with ammonium, glutamine, or organic matter from sewage effluent added than respective controls, while nitrate grown cultures yielded significantly more rapid growth only when fed copious amounts of Mesodinium. Growth rates of Dinophysis also increased with the amount of Mesodinium available in cultures and achieved maximal growth rates (0.36 ± 0.01 d−1) when grown with high levels of Mesodinium and the amino acid, glutamine. Collectively, this study demonstrates that inorganic and organic N can directly promote the growth of Dinophysis and supports the hypothesis that accelerated N loading in coastal ecosystems can promote DSP producing blooms of this species and, thus, may be partly responsible for their recent expansion across the North America.