cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conclusion: Beyond 1914

It was October, 1965. The war in Vietnam was massively escalating under US President Johnson, and a group of German protestors, bearing banners and shouting antiwar slogans, gathered near the US embassy in Bonn. Amid a welter of angry denunciations (“Vietnam: America's Auschwitz,” “Negotiations, Not Murder”), one chant caught the authorities attention: “Child Murderer Johnson – Child Murderer Johnson.” A slanderous attack against a named head of state, albeit a foreign one, constituted a criminal offense under §103 of the German penal code. An investigation was opened – the leaders of the demonstration, in addition to the above offense, were reputed to have communist connections – and the US State Department contacted about pressing charges. But the US had a very different legal history and no law approaching that of §103. There ensued a moment of diplomatic confusion. Possibly stunned, the US State Department had to confess to the absence in American law of any basis for prosecution. The Germans were thus forced to drop the case. The case is reminiscent of one seventy years earlier when the German authorities under the Kaiser advised their Belgian counterparts of “their right to prosecute” the German Socialist editor Reinhold Stenzel for an article in a German newspaper attacking the Belgian King Leopold II for “his colonial exploits” and other matters. The outcome in this earlier instance, however, was different: the case went to trial and Stengel was given an eight-month prison sentence.
Recorriendo las Américas: Cars, Roads, and Latin American Cinema

This chapter claims that Latin American road movies incorporate elements of comedy, adventure, melodrama, and documentary to portray the region as a pan-national entity. Blasini examines how the Puerto Rican El Clown (2006) establishes an intertextual relationship with a canonical play, Rene Marques’s La carreta (1953), to reflect upon the romantic gesture of returning to one’s roots. This relationship with other media and genres also appears in the short film Viernes social (Frida Medin and Viveca Vazquez, 1995), which does not draw on a cinematic tradition but engages with journey narratives’ syntactic and semantic elements—the organization of stories around short and finite trips as well as the centrality of cars as genre icons.
Controls on Nitrous Oxide Emissions from the Hyporheic Zones of Streams

The magnitude and mechanisms of nitrous oxide (N2O) release from rivers and streams are actively debated. The complex interactions of hydrodynamic and biogeochemical controls on emissions of this important greenhouse gas preclude prediction of when and where N2O emissions will be significant. We present observations from column and large-scale flume experiments supporting an integrative model of N2O emissions from stream sediments. Our results show a distinct, replicable, pattern of nitrous oxide generation and consumption dictated by subsurface (hyporheic) residence times and biological nitrogen reduction rates. Within this model, N2O emission from stream sediments requires subsurface residence times (and microbially mediated reduction rates) be sufficiently long (and fast reacting) to produce N2O by nitrate reduction but also sufficiently short (or slow reacting) to limit N2O conversion to dinitrogen gas. Most subsurface exchange will not result in N2O emissions; only specific, intermediate, residence t...
Measuring inflation in grades: An application of price indexing to undergraduate grades

Abstract Rising average grades at American universities have prompted fears of “grade inflation.” This paper applies the methods used to estimate price inflation to examine the causes of rising grades. We use rich data from a large public university to decompose the increase in average grades into those components explained by changes in student characteristics and course choices, and the unexplained component, which we refer to as “inflation.” About one-quarter of the increase in grades from 1982 to 2001 was driven by changes in the courses selected by students; enrollment shifted toward historically ‘easier-grading’ departments over time, mechanically increasing average grades. An additional one-quarter of the increase is attributable to increases in the observable quality of students, such as average SAT scores. Less than half of the increase in average grades from 1982 to 2001 appears to arise from the unexplained factors, or “inflation.” These results add to the evidence suggesting that differences in relative grades across departments discourage students from studying in low-grading departments, like math, physics, or engineering.
Learning through engagement: undergraduate students engaging in community-based participatory research (CBPR) in hospitality and tourism education

This paper discusses how instructors can engage their students in community-based participatory research (CBPR) projects that involve not only research on a topic but also include community stakeho...
408. CD19-Targeted CAR T Cells “Armored” To Secrete IL-12 Demonstrate Superior Efficacy Against B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Resist Treg Immunosuppression

For an adoptive T cell immunotherapy to successfully treat cancer, T cells must be able to recognize the tumor antigen, expand and persist in the tumor microenvironment, and deliver its effective function. Treatment of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) using human T cells modified to express a “second generation” CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), which includes the CD28 co-stimulatory signaling domain (19-28z) along with the CD3 zeta chain signaling domain, has been successfully demonstrated in both the pre-clinical and clinical setting. However, application of CAR therapy for the treatment of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and solid tumors remains a challenge. Here, we present preclinical studies demonstrating that further modifying 19-28z T cells to additionally secrete a recombinant fusion protein of the proinflammatory interleukin 12 (IL-12) (19-28z/IL-12 T cells) enhances the potency of adoptive T cell immunotherapy. We demonstrate that these 19-28z/IL-12 “armored” CAR T cells display increased proliferation, enhanced persistence, up-regulation of perforin and granzyme B, as well as a central memory-like phenotype when compared to T cells transduced to express the 19-28z CAR alone. In vivo, treatment of systemic NALM-6 B-ALL tumor-bearing SCID-Beige mice with 19-28z/IL-12 CAR T cells significantly improved survival when compared to mice treated with T cells modified to express the 19-28z CAR alone. Furthermore, in contrast to T cells modified to express the 19-28z CAR alone, 19-28z/IL-12 T cells resist CD4+CD25hiFOXP3+ Treg-mediated immunosuppression in vitro and successfully eradicate Raji Burkitt's lymphoma tumor in SCID-Beige tumor-bearing mice previously infused with CD19-targeted CAR modified Tregs. These findings have important implications for future clinical trials with CAR T cells designed to enhance the clinical outcomes of relapsed B-CLL as well as solid tumor malignancies.
Getting the Point: Changing to the Atraumatic Needle at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (S8.002)

Objectives: A quality improvement project aimed to decrease the rate of post lumbar puncture headaches (PLPH) for patients in Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC) by changing from traumatic to atraumatic needle. Background: Post-lumbar puncture headaches (PLPH) is a common cause of morbidity for patient’s receiving lumbar punctures. Use of atraumatic needles have shown to decrease the incidence of PLPH. Only a few institutions and neurologist widely ultilize the atraumatic needle despite class I evidence and strong recommendations by the AAN. Prior to this quality improvement project, traumatic needles were widely used throughout WRNMMC. Design/Methods: Patients receiving lumbar punctures by department of neurology, from December 01, 2013 through March 17, 2015, underwent phone survey 7-30 days (avg. 14 days) after a lumbar puncture. The incidence of PLPH, which met International Headache Society (IHS) criteria, was compared between patients who underwent lumbar punctures using the atraumatic and traumatic needles. Use of the traumatic needle was standard prior to the comparison however the staff and residents were trained on the proper technique of the atraumatic needle. The needle choice was dependent on the operators comfort and experience with needle technique. Results: The incidence of IHS PLPH in the traumatic needle group was 65[percnt] compared to 23[percnt] in the atraumatic needle group (p-value <0.005, ARR: 0.26, NNT: 4). The number of emergency room visits, anesthesiology consultations, and blood patch procedures were doubled with use of the traumatic needles compared to atraumatic needles. Conclusions: The change to atraumatic needles significantly decreased the incidence of PLPH at WRNMMC Department of Neurology. The results lead to wider acceptance of residents and staff neurologists to utilize atraumatic needles. Quality improvement strategies are underway to train and apply these practices to other departments performing lumbar punctures as well. Disclosure: Dr. Johnson has nothing to disclose.
The effect of unilateral arm swing motion on lower extremity running mechanics associated with injury risk

Many field sports involve equipment that restricts one or both arms from moving while running. Arm swing during running has been examined from a biomechanical and physiologic perspective but not from an injury perspective. Moreover, only bilateral arm swing suppression has been studied with respect to running. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of running with one arm restrained on lower extremity mechanics associated with running or sport-related injury. Fifteen healthy participants ran at a self-selected speed with typical arm swing, with one arm restrained and with both arms restrained. Lower extremity kinematics and spatiotemporal measures were analysed for all arm swing conditions. Running with one arm restrained resulted in increased frontal plane knee and hip angles, decreased foot strike angle, and decreased centre of mass vertical displacement compared to typical arm swing or bilateral arm swing restriction. Stride length was decreased and step frequency increased when running with one or both arms restrained. Unilateral arm swing restriction induces changes in lower extremity kinematics that are not similar to running with bilateral arm swing restriction or typical arm swing motion. Running with one arm restrained increases frontal plane mechanics associated with risk of knee injury.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Human Cervical Dorsal Root Ganglionitis

We present a case of a 34-year-old right-handed Caucasian male with chronic occipital neuralgia refractory to medical therapies and minimally invasive pain procedures who underwent surgical cervical dorsal root ganglionectomy which completely relieved his headaches. The histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of the resected cervical dorsal root ganglia were consistent with active herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection causing ganglionitis. To the best of our knowledge, this case represents the first histopathologically proven HSV-1 cervical dorsal root ganglionitis in humans. This case provides an insight into a possible etiology of occipital neuralgia.
In vivo bioeffects from phase change and microbubble contrast agents in the rodent kidney: Short term and long-term effects after excitation with a range of mechanical indices

Both microbubble (MB) and phase-change nanodroplet (ND) contrast technology has the potential to enhance ultrasound imaging. However, prior studies have indicated the potential of hemorrhagic bioeffects immediately after sonicating contrast-infused tissue with the low-frequency, high amplitude acoustic energy. To date, little has been reported for NDs or regarding long-term bioeffects of either agent. In this study, we performed short-term experiments to look for bioeffects from MB destruction and ND activation events. We also extended our examination to two weeks post-sonication to explore recovery from cavitation induced bioeffects.
Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry of Lignin Pyrolyzates with Dopant-Assisted Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization and Molecular Structure Search with CSI:FingerID.

Dopant-assisted atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (dAPCI) is a soft ionization method rarely used for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The current study combines GC-dAPCI with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for analysis of a complex mixture such as lignin pyrolysis analysis. To identify the structures of volatile lignin pyrolysis products, collision-induced dissociation (CID) MS/MS using a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (QTOFMS) and pseudo MS/MS through in-source collision-induced dissociation (ISCID) using a single stage TOFMS are utilized. To overcome the lack of MS/MS database, Compound Structure Identification (CSI):FingerID is used to interpret CID spectra and predict best matched structures from PubChem library. With this approach, a total of 59 compounds were positively identified in comparison to only 22 in NIST database search of GC-EI-MS dataset. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of GC-dAPCI-MS/MS to overcome the limitations of traditional GC-EI-MS analysis when EI-MS database is not sufficient.
A Framework to Enable Multiple Coexisting Internet of Things Applications

Internet of Things (IoT) uses modern information communication technologies to connect massive numbers of objects and support numerous smart critical infrastructure applications. To meet the diverse performance requirements for applications, the traditional framework of deploying separate networks dedicated to specific applications will lead to network resources being wasted because network resources demanded from applications can change dynamically. To address this issue, we consider deploying a common network infrastructure that can support multiple applications, in which diverse performance requirements for the applications can be satisfied, while network utilization can be maximized. We formalize the problem of allocating network resources to applications to be an optimization problem, and derive an optimal strategy to allocate network resources. We also design several scenarios, employing both admission control and preemption control to coordinate resource sharing, and implement these scenarios. Our findings show that by sharing network resources across multiple applications, the balance between network utilization and performance satisfaction can be realized.
Effect of Plasma Constituents on Oxygen Diffusivity

Oxygen transport in the lungs from the alveoli to the hemoglobin is affected by a number of resistances: the pulmonary membrane, plasma, the red blood cell membrane, and the paracrystalline material inside the red blood cell (Figure 1). The pulmonary membrane which separates the alveolar gases from the blood stream consists of three parts: a thin alveolar membrane, interstitial fluid, and the capillary wall (44). The thickness of the total membrane is a few microns, and is, essentially, an aqueous medium. Plasma is an aqueous solution containing dissolved proteins, inorganic salts, and solutes of diverse organic compounds other than protein (54). The red blood cell consists of a biological semipermeable membrane surrounding a concentrated hemoglobin solution.
Visualizing Clustering Results.

Non-hierarchical clustering has a long history in numerical taxonomy [13] and machine learning [1] with many applications in fields such as data mining [2], statistical analysis [3] and information retrieval [17]. Clustering involves finding a specific number of subgroups (k) within a set of s observations (data points/objects); each described by d attributes. A clustering algorithm generates cluster descriptions and assigns each observation to one cluster (exclusive assignment) or in part to many clusters (partial assignment). Throughout this paper, we shall refer to the output of a clustering algorithm as the clustering results, solution, or model. The information in a clustering solution is extensive, a mixture model or K-Means model produces k.s conditional probabilities or distances. Visualizing the clustering results can help to quickly assimilate this information and provide insights that support and complement textual descriptions or statistical summaries. For example, we quickly wish to know how well defined are the clusters, how different are they from each other, what is their size, and do the observations belong strongly to the cluster or only marginally? Visualizing a clustering solution has many potential uses. The analyst user during the highly iterative model building process can quickly obtain insights from the visualization that suggest the adequacy of the solution and what further experiments to conduct. Alternatively, the business user can examine and query the final clustering solution using the visualization. The interesting parts of a clustering solution will depend on the application. Database segmentation applications such as target marketing focus on the clusters and investigate which clusters are similar, which are autonomous and which have, for example, a high propensity to cross-sell. Anomaly detection applications attempt to identify those observations that do not “belong”, are interesting and require further investigation. The focus is the observations and we wish to know if they belong strongly or only marginally to their most likely cluster. Typical uses of anomaly detection are detecting money laundering, identifying network intrusion, and data cleaning [5]. In this paper, we describe a general particle framework to display the information in a clustering solution. Changes to the parameters of the framework can emphasize
The Nekton Assemblage of Salt Marsh Pools in a Southeastern United States Estuary

Marsh pools are present in estuaries throughout the world and provide valuable habitat for fishes and decapod crustaceans (i.e., nekton). The purpose of our study was to examine the species composition and temporal variation of the nekton assemblage within marsh pools of a southeastern US estuary. We conducted weekly sampling of five marsh pools in the North Inlet estuary, SC from May to November 2016. Temporal variation in the nekton assemblage appeared to be related to the life history of individual species, tidal connectivity of pools with adjacent habitats, and environmental conditions within pools. Most transient species, which migrate into the North Inlet estuary as larvae or juveniles, were present primarily in early summer and late fall. Many transient species were absent or occurred in low abundance during July and August when water temperature was highest, salinity most variable, and tidal connectivity with adjacent habitats was lowest. In contrast, most resident species, which can complete their entire life cycle within the North Inlet estuary, were present and relatively abundant throughout the study as juveniles and adults. Based on the limited studies available, species richness and the ratio of transient to resident species in marsh pools at low latitudes (e.g., southeastern US) are higher compared to marsh pools at high latitudes (e.g., east coast of Canada). A more comprehensive understanding of the role of marsh pools in the life history of nekton would be useful for conserving, managing, and restoring salt marshes and the species found in these environments.
What Reference Librarians Should Know about Data Science

Students of reference service can benefit by learning about data science. This column introduces the topic, the needed skills, and sources that support acquiring the related experience.
Tacticality, Authenticity, or Both? The Ethical Paradox of Actor Ingratiation and Target Trust Reactions

Ingratiation is an impression management strategy whereby actors try to curry favor with targets, and is one of the more pervasive social activities in a workplace. An assumption in the literature is that a target’s awareness of the tactical purposes behind ingratiation (e.g., “he merely wants a raise”) is an ethical concern which triggers suspicions of ulterior motives and casts the actor as distrustful. However, this assumption fails to consider alternative explanations in that ingratiation may also be perceived as occurring for authentic purposes (e.g., “he really wants to be liked”). This alternative view may cause targets to cast the actor differently, and thus presents an intriguing ethical paradox where actors could be recognized by targets as trustful, distrustful, or some level in-between. This research draws on behavioral ethics and attributional models to investigate supervisor trust of employees who engage in ingratiation. We report two studies that examine perceived tactical ingratiation, perceived authentic ingratiation, and their interaction as predictors of supervisor trust using multisource data from two field samples. Across the two studies, we find positive interactions between tactical and authentic ingratiation as predictors of trust and trustworthiness. Study 2 also shows that combined tactical and authentic ingratiation predicts the trustworthiness dimensions of benevolence and integrity, but not ability. The results suggest that ingratiation is portrayed somewhat bleaker than necessary in the literature, and that when actors engage in tactical ingratiation that is also deemed authentic, targets respond with less concern than the literature would suggest.
A Methodological Review of SafeCare

More than 500,000 children experience neglect each year in the United States, yet few evidence-based parent-training programs focus primarily on preventing and mitigating the risk factors for neglect. A notable exception is SafeCare®. This review focuses on the research designs used at three phases of the SafeCare model: development, evaluation, and dissemination. Presented in chronological order, the purpose is to highlight the 40-year evidence-base of the SafeCare model and to demonstrate that certain research designs are specific to phases of intervention development. The cumulative evidence from those 40 years for the SafeCare model and its predecessor is powerful. Future research with a variety of experimental designs related to dissemination and implementation research are discussed.
Epistemology and the Structure of Language

We are concerned here with how structural properties of language may come to reflect features of the world in which it evolves. As a concrete example, we will consider how a simple term language might evolve to support the principle of indifference over state descriptions in that language. The point is not that one is justified in applying the principle of indifference to state descriptions in natural language. Instead, it is that one should expect a language that has evolved in the context of facilitating successful action to reflect probabilistic features of the world in which it evolved.
6 – Seafood proteins

: Seafood is a source of high quality proteins valued for their functional properties and nutritional value. This chapter first discusses basic chemistry and nutritional value of seafood proteins, followed by description of their practical functional properties and factors that affect them. Due to over-exploitation of marine resources and growth of human population, it is desirable to devise novel processing strategies to efficiently recover proteins from seafood and seafood processing by-products. This chapter also sheds light on new techniques to address protein recovery from seafood. Finally, this chapter includes seafood protein applications and environmental consideration of sustainable seafood production.
Chapter 52 – Lipid Mediators

Phospholipids of nervous system cellular membranes are reservoirs for bioactive lipid mediators. Cerebral ischemia disrupts tightly regulated events controlling the production and accumulation of lipid messengers, such as free docosahexaenoic (DHA) and arachidonic acids, diacylglycerol, and platelet-activating factor (PAF). These messengers participate in intracellular and/or intercellular signaling pathways. Bioactive lipids have actions on neurotransmitter release, synaptic plasticity, and programs of neural cell gene expression that ultimately regulate cell survival. PAF transcriptional activation of COX-2 provides clues about novel neuronal cell death pathways. PAF accumulates during cerebral ischemia, and inhibition of this process plays a critical role in neuronal survival. DHA in phospholipids is also a reservoir for biologically active docosanoids. Neuroprotectin D1 is a prototypical docosanoid made on demand when uncompensated oxidative stress ensues and/or at the onset of homeostasis disruptions. In this chapter, the significance of selected lipid messengers on synaptic function, neuronal gene expression, and neuroprotection as they relate to cerebral ischemia is discussed.
Intolerance of uncertainty and maladaptive perfectionism as maintenance factors for eating disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms.

Objective Eating disorders (EDs) are highly comorbid with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In order to develop treatments which better address commonly comorbid ED and OCD symptoms, it is important to identify potential shared mechanisms. Two potential shared mechanisms are maladaptive perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty (IU). We aimed to assess how maladaptive perfectionism and IU may contribute to the maintenance of ED and OCD symptoms in individuals with EDs. Methods In the current study (N = 168 individuals with an ED), we analysed cross-sectional and prospective path models of maladaptive perfectionism and IU as maintenance factors of ED and OCD symptoms. Results We found that IU was associated with both ED and OCD symptoms, and maladaptive perfectionism was associated with ED symptoms. We also found that maladaptive perfectionism and IU prospectively predicted OCD symptoms, but not ED symptoms. Conclusions Overall, these findings suggest that it may be beneficial to target both maladaptive perfectionism and IU in individuals with a current ED diagnosis in order to prevent the development of OCD symptoms.
Partial Recanalization of a Large Vessel Acute Ischemic Stroke With Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator, Followed by Systemic Anticoagulation, in the Setting of COVID-19-Induced Hypercoagulability: A Case Report

We report on the use of systemic heparinization following thrombolysis with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) for acute ischemic large vessel stroke, in the setting of COVID-19-induced hypercoagulability, with partial recanalization of the internal carotid artery. Off-label systemic heparinization was used within 12 hours of t-PA administration, after extensive multidisciplinary collaboration and family discussion, given evidence of severe hypercoagulability. We conclude that thrombolysis should be considered for all eligible patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 and acute ischemic stroke, and systemic anticoagulation, although with inherent risks, may be a useful adjunct treatment modality in selected patients who have received intravenous thrombolysis.
0066 Firearm injury among VA healthcare-using veterans by region and rurality

Statement of purpose Veterans are more likely to own firearms and have a higher risk of fatal firearm injury than non-Veterans. The patterns of Veterans’ fatal and nonfatal firearm injury may vary by region and by rural versus non-rural residence. Research is needed to inform the development of culturally-appropriate firearm risk reduction programs for Veterans who use Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare. Methods/Approach Using VA administrative data, we examined firearm injury rates among VA healthcare- using Veterans from 2010–2019, comparing Veterans by state and by rural/non-rural residence (a single state, Oregon, is presented here). Firearm injuries were identified and categorized by intent using International Classification of Diseases diagnosis codes. We examined injury circumstances by conducting electronic health record chart reviews. Results Among a national cohort of 9.8 million Veterans, 11,380 received care for firearm injuries, with 207 occurring among Veterans in Oregon. Rural Veterans had a higher rate of firearm injuries than non-rural Veterans in Oregon (30.2 versus 22.4 per 100,000 Veteran-years, respectively), but not nationally (24.0 versus 24.5). Unintentional firearm injuries were treated more frequently than intentional injuries. In Oregon, rates of unintentional injury were higher among rural than among urban Veterans (23.7 and 15.6); nationally, rates were similar (16.4 and 15.5). Preliminary review of twenty-eight Oregon Veterans’ (n=15 rural; n=13 non-rural) charts revealed that most of these injuries were caused by the patient unintentionally pulling the trigger or dropping their own handgun during cleaning/routine firearm maintenance. Conclusion Patterns of firearm injury treated in the VA healthcare system vary by region and rurality. Understanding these differences can aid prevention efforts. Significance Analyses of rates, patterns, risk factors for, and circumstances surrounding firearm injuries among VA healthcare-using Veterans by region and rurality can help reduce knowledge gaps and inform risk reduction efforts by the VA and other healthcare and public health systems.
Seven Common Allergen Groups Causing Eyelid Dermatitis: Education and Avoidance Strategies.

Objective Eyelid dermatitis is most commonly attributed to allergic response. This retrospective clinical study identifies common allergens with eyelid involvement and addresses a literary gap by providing a clear approach for effective management of periorbital allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) recurrence. Methods Charts of 215 patients diagnosed with periorbital dermatitis who were patch tested with Mayo Clinic Standard Series, Extended Standard Series, and personal products from 2013 to 2017 were examined. Positive reaction rates for patients with eyelid involvement were compared to those without. Findings were also compared to North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) 2013-2014 and Mayo Clinic Contact Dermatitis Group (MCCDG) 2011-2015 general patch test populations. Results The 215 patients showed more common allergy to shellac, benzalkonium chloride, acrylates, and surfactants than the NACDG and MCCDG study populations. Periorbital ACD allergen groups eliciting the highest positive reaction rates were, in descending order: metals, shellac, preservatives, topical antibiotics, fragrances, acrylates, and surfactants. Of the corticosteroids, only tixocortol pivalate (the screening agent for prednisolone and fluorometholone) and budesonide elicited positive reactions. Conclusion The top seven eyelid ACD allergen groups were identified. Avoidance of these allergens can be straightforward, with initial empiric counseling and free, online allergen avoidance programs. Patients who are unresponsive to avoidance should undergo patch testing.
Chemical and physical characterization of galactomannan extracted from guar cultivars (Cyamopsis tetragonolobus L.)

Abstract Guar gum, known as galactomannan, is a heteropolysaccharide of galactose and mannose. Because of its unique rheological properties, guar gum has a diverse range of applications in various industries (hydraulic fracturing, paper, textiles, pharmaceuticals, and food). Chemical and physical characterization of guar gum using different analytical techniques is very important to understand the gum chemistry, optimize its applications, and investigate the impact of the purification. Therefore, galactomannan extracted from two guar cultivars planted in West Texas was characterized using different analytical tools to elucidate the variation in the physical and chemical properties with various levels of impurities. The gum was extracted with minimal contamination with continuous sample assessment using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and was purified using ethanol precipitation. The purified and unpurified gum samples were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffractometry, and FTIR spectroscopy to determine the mannose to galactose ratio, thermal stability, level of crystallinity and chemical composition, respectively. Pure guar galactomannan and food-grade guar gum were used as reference materials. The effect of sodium chloride and potassium chloride on guar gum was also investigated. Scanning Electron Microscopy was employed to visualize the morphology of guar seeds.
Shifting Human Salty Taste Preference: Potential Opportunities and Challenges in Reducing Dietary Salt Intake of Americans

Dietary salt reduction of Americans has been a focus of public health initiatives for more than 40 years primarily due to the association between high salt intake and development of hypertension. Despite past efforts, salt intake of Americans has remained at levels well above dietary recommendations, likely due in part to the hedonic appeal of salty taste. As such, in 2010 the Institute of Medicine suggested a strategy of gradual salt reduction of processed foods, the primary source of Americans' dietary salt intake, via an approach intended to minimize impact on consumer acceptability of lower-sodium foods. This brief review discusses the ontogeny and development of human salt taste preference, the role of experience in shifting salt preference, and sources of dietary salt. Our current understanding of shifting human salt taste preference is discussed within the context of potential opportunities for success in reducing dietary salt, and gaps in the research that both limit our ability to predict effectiveness of gradual salt reduction and that need be addressed before a strategy to shift salt preference can realistically be implemented.
Experimental and numerical study on cross-ply woven textile composite with notches and cracks

Abstract The fracture toughness and strength of textile composite structures are addressed in the paper through a combination of experimental and numerical studies. A series of tensile specimens are designed and tested to determine the fracture properties of a twill weave textile composite and to verify the capability of a cohesive zone model for predicting composite strength. It is shown that the cohesive zone model is able to predict strengths of notched samples that display different stress gradients. Compared to experimental results, the accuracy of the predicted strength is within 10%. Furthermore, a simple and practical method for obtaining the cohesive zone model parameters is proposed.
QCA-based nano circuits design [adder design example]

In order to design large digital circuits using quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) cells, CAD tools and automated design methodology for QCA circuits are essential. This paper presents a QCA circuits design methodology based on traditional CMOS circuit design flow. This QCA circuit design methodology utilizes the current CMOS circuit design tools such as HSPICE and Synopsys design compiler. The QCA cell SPICE model is built for timing checking and accurate simulation. The basic QCA layout algorithm is developed for placing the QCA cells in the proper clock zones. A full adder design is shown as an example to demonstrate the whole design process.
The effect of intravenous, subcutaneous, and intranasal GH-RH analog, [Nle27]GHRH(1-29)-NH2, on growth hormone secretion in normal men: dose-response relationships.

A 29 amino acid analog of growth hormone releasing hormone (GH-RH)-40 was given intravenously, subcutaneously, and intranasally to normal men to determine its effectiveness in stimulating growth hormone (GH) release. The GH-RH analog, [Nle27]GH-RH(l-29)-NH2, is an amidated 29 amino acid peptide that has one amino acid substitution at position 27. This peptide stimulates GH secretion when given by the intravenous, subcutaneous, and intranasal routes without adverse effect. The degree of GH stimulation was variable among subjects and the greatest amount of stimulation occurred with the highest doses. GH stimulation occurred in a dose-responsive manner after all three routes of administration. A tenfold higher subcutaneous dose was required to stimulate a comparable amount of GH secretion as compared with intravenous administration, and a thirtyfold higher intranasal than intravenous dose was required to stimulate approximately one fifth the amount of GH release. For comparison, one dose of GH-RH-40, 1 µg/kg, was administered intravenously. GH secretion after 1 µg/kg GH-RH-40 and 1 µg/kg Nle27 GH-RH was comparable between the two groups of subjects. Stimulation of GH secretion by Nle27 GH-RH occurred within 5 minutes of intravenous and within 10 minutes of subcutaneous and intranasal administration; peak GH levels were observed within 30 minutes. GH levels declined and returned to near baseline levels 2 hours after administration of the analog. Since GH-RH-40 has been demonstrated to be effective in stimulating GH release and promoting acceleration of linear growth in GH-deficient children, it is likely that a shorter peptide with full biologic activity such as Nle27 GH-RH may also be effective in the treatment of some children with GH deficiency. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1986) 40, 627–633; doi:10.1038/clpt.1986.237
An analysis of the distress thermometer problem list and distress in patients with cancer

Patients with a cancer diagnosis experience complex issues that can cause distress. The purpose of this study is to identify factors associated with overall distress for a diverse population of cancer survivors. Researchers conducted a secondary data analysis of distress ratings (n = 1205) for people receiving outpatient care at a Midwestern US cancer center from 2005 to 2009 to describe the relationships between distress factors and need for assessment of distress. The screening tool was based on the distress thermometer (DT) scale and a modified problem list. Odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals from this multivariable model were computed. Statistical analysis revealed that the items on the problem list that most contribute to being at risk for distress include financial, worry, nervousness, getting around, and sleep. The most highly associated risk factor for distress was worry. Those that were at risk for high distress were 5.57 times more likely to endorse problems related to worry. This research identifies which factors may be especially salient to the patient’s perception of distress and help guide clinicians in developing targeted screening strategies and specific interventions based on patient response to the DT. It also points to the need for future research to more clearly characterize distress from the patient perspective and determine when interventions may be indicated.
Co2(CO)8 catalyzed reactions of styrene oxide with trialkylsilanes

Abstract The dicobalt octacarbonyl catalyzed reaction of styrene oxide with trialkylsilanes yields a mixture of 1-phenyl-2-trialkylsiloxyethane and Z- and E-1-phenyl-2-trialkylsiloxyethene. The ratio of these products can be controlled.
Body contouring following massive weight loss.

Background: Obesity and its associated medical morbidities carry substantial health risk. While massive weight loss allows improvement in health status and lifestyle, physical sequelae due to symptomatic skin redundancy still require treatment. Areas affected include the arms, breasts, abdomen, back, and thighs. After open gastric bypass, patients often have poor abdominal support and incisional hernias. To completely address the treatment of patients following massive weight loss, body contouring procedures are performed, often in one stage and tailored to each patient, to rid the functional and esthetic impairment from skin redundancy. Methods: This retrospective study includes 30 patients treated from March 1998 to August 2002 by a single surgeon at an academic hospital. Average weight loss had been 71 kg, and average weight and BMI at the time of contouring surgery were 98.6 kg and 33 kg/m2 respectively. Procedures included abdominal panniculectomy, thighlift, backlift, brachioplasty, mastopexy and incisional hernia repair, performed either alone or in combination. Results: Average weight of resected tissue was 5.9 kg. Average length of stay was 3 days. Complications included seroma, wound breakdown, hematoma requiring surgical drainage, and lymphocele after brachioplasty. One patient died of a pulmonary embolus within weeks after surgery. Conclusion: Patients requiring surgical skin excision after massive weight loss for functional and/or esthetic reasons are challenging, and require individualized approaches with intensive follow-up.
Texture classification of landsat TM imagery using Bayes point machine

The spatial information in a remotely sensed image is often characterized by the texture features, which have been regarded as an important visual primitive to search through large collections of natural visually similar patterns in the image. This paper presents an automated process of extract and classify the texture patterns observed in the remote sensing images such as Landsat TM multispectral images. After the principal component analysis, the first component image, which preserves the largest percentage of the variance, is divided into sub regions. The feature vectors representing the textures of each region are computed by Gabor wavelets and classified using a Bayes Point Machine classifier. The preliminary results show the effectiveness of the process and its potentials in practical remote sensing applications.
An extension of Wagner's analysis of competing scale formation

Wagner's criterion to predict the minimum concentration of solute (N B() 0 )necessary for the exclusive formation of its scale has been modified to incorporate both thermodynamic and kinetics requirements. The analysis presented here involves a receding alloy/scale interface for which the composition of the alloy at this interface is governed by thermodynamic equilibrium between the two competing scale phases and the base alloy. This is a more rigorous analysis than that of Wagner's, who assumed the alloy/scale interface to be immobile and the solute composition at the interface to be zero. A comparison is made between values of N B() 0 found experimentally and those predicted by Wagner's and the present criterion for a number of alloy-gas systems. It is shown that the criterion developed in the present analysis can often provide a better approximation of the actual N B() 0 .The expressions derived from the present analysis have been extended also in a semiquantitative manner to provide a criterion for the minimum amount of solute in the alloy required for the transition from internal to external scale formation.
Atomic polar tensors and the effective charge-charge flux model of infrared intensities

Abstract Symmetry properties of atomic polar tensors (APT) are analyzed and it is shown that the gross number of independent elements is identical with the number of cartesian symmetry coordinates belonging to infrared active symmetry species. The net number of independent atomic polar tensor elements is the gross number less the number of translations and rotations which appear in these same species, so that the net number is identical with the number of infrared active modes. Explicit relations for both translational and rotational conditions are given for a number of symmetrical molecules, namely AB 2 ( D ∞ h ), AB 2 ( C 2 v ), AB 3 ( D 3 h ), AB 3 ( C 3 v ), AB 4 ( T d ), A 2 B 2 ( D ∞ h ), and A 2 B 4 ( D 2 h ). The translational conditions are written for molecules carrying a net charge, ζ, and hence are valid both for molecules (ζ = 0), or molecular ions (ζ ≠ 0). For these same molecules, expressions are derived for APT elements in terms of effective charges and charge fluxes. These expressions show that if the APT is anisotropic there must be non-vanishing flux, but the converse is not true in general. The effective charges are defined so as to reproduce the dipole moment and are related to, but not necessarily identical with Mulliken charges.
Recognition and removal of oxidized guanines in duplex DNA by the base excision repair enzymes hOGG1, yOGG1, and yOGG2.

8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (OG) is susceptible to further oxidation in vitro to form two secondary oxidation products, guanidinohydantoin (Gh) and spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp). Previous work from this laboratory has shown that OG, Gh, and Sp are recognized and excised from duplex DNA substrates by the Escherichia coli DNA repair enzyme Fpg. In this report, we extend these studies to the functionally related eukaryotic OG glycosylases (OGG) from yeast and humans: yOGG1, yOGG2, and hOGG1. The hOGG1 enzyme was active only toward the removal of 8-oxoguanine, exhibiting a 1000-fold faster rate of removal of 8-oxoguanine from OG·C-containing duplexes relative to their OG·A counterparts. Duplexes containing Gh or Sp opposite any of the four natural bases were not substrates for the hOGG1 enzyme. In contrast, both yOGG1 and yOGG2 enzymes removed Gh and Sp in a relatively efficient manner from an 18 bp duplex. No significant difference was observed in the rate of reaction of Gh- and Sp-containing duplexes with yOGG1....
Large molecule electronic sputtering by plasma desorption and heavy-ion bombardment

Abstract Particle-induced electronic sputtering mass spectrometry of organic compounds is described. The differences between fast ion (electronic energy loss) and slow ion (nuclear energy loss) in desorption processes are discussed. Recent results in the field are presented and discussed in terms of heavy-ion desorption. Illustrations of the analytical applications of the technique are presented.
In-plane dead reckoning with knee and waist attached gyroscopes

Abstract This paper presents a Micro-Electro-Mechanical (MEM)-based system which comprises of two inertial sensors (gyroscopes) for indoor personal navigation. In this system, the position and orientation of a moving person on a flat surface (zero-slope) is determined through strategically placed sensors on the waist and knee of the human body. From the knee attached gyroscope, this system takes advantage of the repetitive angular displacement during each step of the walking person to bound the angular displacement error. Our algorithm continuously estimates the heading by integrating the measured angular rates from the waist attached gyroscope. Results show that on a flat surface, the average tracking error of 0.1935 m with a standard deviation 0.0512 m for total distance traveled of 62.32 m.
TRACHEAL LAVAGE(TLFN) AND PLASMA(PFN) FIBRONECTIN(FN): RELATIONSHIP TO RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME(RDS) AND DEVELOPMENT OF BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA(BPD)

Fibronectin, a multifunctional glycoprotein, is found on cell surfaces and in extracellular fluids, and modulates cellular adhesion and vascular permeability. Lung FN produced by alveolar macrophages acts as a chemoattractant for fibroblasts and stimulates their replication. PFN samples were obtained from 39 neonates with RDS (BW 1853 ± 110 gm; GA 32 wk), 6 of whom developed BPD (BW 1160 ± 48 gm; GA 28.8 wk). TLFN and albumin(AL) concentrations were measured in a subgroup of 15 RDS and 4 BPD infants. Control(C) PFN values were obtained from 20 healthy premature infants on days 1-3 of life (BW 1750 ± 110 gm; GA 31.2 wk). Control TLFN and AL were measured in 7 neonates intubated for nonpulmonary indications. PFN (mcg/ml); TLFN (ngFN/mcgAl). Conclusions: PFN and TLFN are significantly decreased in infants with RDS vs. controls. Infants who develop BPD demonstrate a significant increase in TLFN (days 14-30) vs. infants with RDS (days 1-10). Speculation: 1) Low TLFN and PFN early in RDS may contribute to pulmonary capillary leak. 2) High TLFN may foster development of pulmonary fibrosis in BPD.