cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risperidone treatment of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders: a prospective open-label study.

Objective To investigate the short-term safety and efficacy of risperidone in the treatment of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders.
Transcriptional Upregulation of α2δ-1 Elevates Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell Voltage-Dependent Ca2+ Channel Surface Expression and Cerebrovascular Constriction in Genetic Hypertension

A hallmark of hypertension is an increase in arterial myocyte voltage-dependent Ca2+ (CaV1.2) currents that induces pathological vasoconstriction. CaV1.2 channels are heteromeric complexes composed of a pore-forming CaV1.2α1 with auxiliary α2δ and β subunits. Molecular mechanisms that elevate CaV1.2 currents during hypertension and the potential contribution of CaV1.2 auxiliary subunits are unclear. Here, we investigated the pathological significance of α2δ subunits in vasoconstriction associated with hypertension. Age-dependent development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats was associated with an unequal elevation in α2δ-1 and CaV1.2α1 mRNA and protein in cerebral artery myocytes, with α2δ-1 increasing more than CaV1.2α1. Other α2δ isoforms did not emerge in hypertension. Myocytes and arteries of hypertensive spontaneously hypertensive rats displayed higher surface-localized α2δ-1 and CaV1.2α1 proteins, surface α2δ-1:CaV1.2α1 ratio, CaV1.2 current density and noninactivating current, and pressure- and depolarization-induced vasoconstriction than those of Wistar-Kyoto controls. Pregabalin, an α2δ-1 ligand, did not alter α2δ-1 or CaV1.2α1 total protein but normalized α2δ-1 and CaV1.2α1 surface expression, surface α2δ-1:CaV1.2α1, CaV1.2 current density and inactivation, and vasoconstriction in myocytes and arteries of hypertensive rats to control levels. Genetic hypertension is associated with an elevation in α2δ-1 expression that promotes surface trafficking of CaV1.2 channels in cerebral artery myocytes. This leads to an increase in CaV1.2 current-density and a reduction in current inactivation that induces vasoconstriction. Data also suggest that α2δ-1 targeting is a novel strategy that may be used to reverse pathological CaV1.2 channel trafficking to induce cerebrovascular dilation in hypertension.
Smart permanent virtual circuits in asynchronous transfer mode networks

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a highspeed network technology that transmits various types of information across networks such as voice, video, image, data, etc. In an ATM network the basic data units, called cells, are routed through switched or permanent virtual circuits (virtual channels). A Smart Permanent Virtual Circuit is a connection that looks like a Permanent Virtual Circuit at the local and remote endpoints with a Switched Virtual Circuit in the middle. If a link carrying a Smart Permanent Virtual Circuit goes down and there is an alternate route, then the network automatically reroutes the Smart Permanent Virtual Circuit around the link. As a result of the rerouting, the network may not be able to deliver the guaranteed quality of services as it was negotiated. It may have to change the quality of service parameters negotiated for other connections. The objective of this paper is to apply Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) methodologies, "intelligent agents", in ATM network management. The paper presents a search algorithm that helps the agents learn from previous interactions and experience. Agents can evaluate alternate paths in order to maintain as many connections as possible with the quality of service guaranteed originally.
Model based diagnosis for automotive engines-algorithm development and testing on a production vehicle

A complete diagnostic algorithm is presented for detecting and isolating faults of actuators and sensors of an automotive engine. The algorithm is built around the concept of analytical redundancy and utilizes structured parity equations. The parity equations rely on a nonlinear and dynamic model, obtained by identification using data from a single production vehicle with a 3.1 l V-6 engine. Tests performed with the diagnostic algorithm on the same vehicle show excellent performance under different fault conditions. Several important issues require further investigation, including long-term climatic effects, vehicle aging, car-to-car variations, the automation of the calibration procedure and implementation in the face of processor limitations. >
Detecting laser induced thermal activity in tissue-a Doppler ultrasound approach

There is a growing need for a real-time, noninvasive technique to determine the extent and geometry of treated tissue during thermal therapy. We have developed an analog-digital hybrid system which measures the phase and amplitude of the ultrasonic echoes returned from a heated tissue at multiple depths. Two distinct types of echo modulations were observed in our in-vitro studies using beef muscle irradiated with an 810 nm diode laser. Type 1 modulation showed small and slow variations in amplitude and phase, whereas type 2 modulation demonstrated much larger and faster variations in both amplitude and phase. Our study suggests that type 1 modulation is consistent with tissue coagulation, whereas type 2 modulation is associated with tissue evaporation and explosive events.
Maximum-likelihood sequence estimation for fading channels via the EM algorithm

We investigate the use of the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to the problem of estimating sequences of two-dimensional constellation signals transmitted over a Rayleigh fading channel. The resulting iterative algorithm does not require a carrier recovery loop, and is shown to have a simple linear form. Simulation results for binary signaling indicate that it performs significantly better than previously proposed algorithms. >
Mobility-based self route recovery from multiple node failures in mobile sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), maintaining connectivity with the sink node is a crucial issue to collect data from sensors without any interruption. While sensors are typically deployed in abundance to tolerate possible node failures, a large number of such failures within the same region simultaneously may result in losing the connectivity with the sink node which eventually reduces the quality and efficiency of the network operation. Given that WSNs are deployed in inhospitable environments, such multiple node failures are very likely due to storms, fires, floods, etc. To recover from these multiple node failures, in this paper, we first present a local partition detection algorithm which makes the sensors aware of the damage and thus the partitioning in the network. We then utilize this information to recover the paths by exploiting sensor mobility. The idea is to locate the failed nodes by keeping complete routing information from each sensor to the sink node and move some of the sensors to such locations to re-establish the routes with the sink node. When performing the recovery, we make sure that the least number of nodes will be moving so that total movement distance can be minimized to improve the lifetime of the WSN. Our proposed approach depends only on the local information to not only minimize the messaging overhead on the sensors but also to ensure the scalability when large-scale failures and larger networks are considered. The effectiveness of the proposed route recovery approach is validated through simulation experiments.
Learning through overcoming incompatible and anti-subsumption inconsistencies

It is a grand challenge to build intelligent agent systems that can improve their problem-solving performance through perpetual learning. In our previous work, we have proposed a special type of perpetual learning paradigm called inconsistency-induced learning, or i2Learning, along with several inconsistency-specific learning algorithms. i2Learning is a step toward meeting the challenge. The work reported in this paper is a continuation of the ongoing research with i2Learning. We describe two more learning algorithms for incompatible inconsistency and anti-subsumption inconsistency in the context of i2Learning. The results will be incorporated into empirical studies as part of future work.
Effect of ethanol on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism

Ethanol feeding increased significantly levels of hepatic esterified cholesterol and serum free and esterified cholesterol in rats. Incorporation of intraperitoneally administered [14C]acetate into cholesterol was significantly increased. Labeling of cholesterol was also enhanced in liver slices from animals pretreated with ethanol and incubated with [14C]acetate. Ethanol consumption prolonged the half-excretion time of labeled cholic or chenodeoxycholic acids, increased slightly the pool size, and decreased daily excretion. By contrast, supplementation of the diet with cholesterol shortened the half-excretion time, did not modify pool size, and increased daily excretion. When ethanol and cholesterol feeding were combined, the effects of ethanol prevailed and there was suppression of the adaptive changes in bile acid metabolism induced by cholesterol feeding. There was also a greater accumulation of esterified cholesterol in the liver than that produced by cholesterol alone, ethanol administration alone, or the summation of both effects. Thus, cholesterol accumulation produced by ethanol feeding is associated with both enhanced cholesterogenesis and decreased bile acid excretion. Both mechanisms may play a role, but the latter is probably predominant in these studies in which cholesterol accumulation was markedly enhanced by the addition of cholesterol to the ethanol-containing diet.
Phaseless spherical near-field antenna measurements: Concept, algorithm and simulation

A novel phaseless near-field far-field transformation algorithm for spherical antenna measurements has been presented. The algorithm expands the radiated AUT field distribution in spherical harmonics and the missing phase information is retrieved in an iterative manner from an additional amplitude measurement on a second sphere. The spherical phase retrieval algorithm has been verified using simulated near-field data of a patch antenna and showed good performance. The avoidance of phase measurements, especially at high frequencies, allows antenna near-field measurements with reduced constraints in terms of instrumentation and probe positioning accuracy.
Mobility and Dynamic Performance of Legged Robots

This article presents a method for describing the dynamic performance of a multi-legged locomotion robot. It involves examining how well the legged system uses ground contact to produce acceleration of its body; these abilities are referred to as its force and acceleration capabilities. These capabilities are bounded by actuator torque limits and the no-slip condition. The resulting analysis describes the maximum translational and rotational accelerations of the main-body that are guaranteed to be achievable in every direction without causing slipping at the contact points or saturating an actuator. The method is illustrated using a hexapod as an example.
Osteoclast precursors as leukocytes: importance of the area code.

Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells formed by the fusion of mononuclear precursor cells. It is generally agreed that their immediate precursors, referred to here as preosteoclasts, are derived from the monocyte-macrophage lineage, and so ultimately from the hematopoietic stem cell, and that their fusion product resorbs bone; however, what happens in between these processes is much less clear. Preosteoclast production occurs in hematopoietic (red) marrow, which in the adult is restricted to the central skeleton. Bone resorption occurs at endosteal and, to a much lesser extent, periosteal bone surfaces throughout the skeleton. Preosteoclasts are known to circulate and in the peripheral skeleton the circulation provides their only access route to bone surfaces, via the sinusoid occupying the center of each basic multicellular unit (BMU), which is the instrument of bone remodeling (Figure 1). In the central skeleton, direct migration of preosteoclasts from red marrow to bone surfaces seems possible, and is frequently assumed to occur, but has not been demonstrated directly. The close spatial association between endothelial cells and vascular sinusoids and sites of surface remodeling suggests that, even in central cancellous bone, adjacent to red marrow, the structure of the BMU is essentially the same as in cortical bone, and that many osteoclasts are derived from circulating rather than from locally migrating precursors.
Application of a Three-Level Evaluation Plan for Monitoring Child Progress and Program Effects

Early intervention programs for at-risk and handicapped infants often do not have adequate evaluation systems for collecting the necessary information for making sound decisions about child progress and program impact. To address this problem a description of a comprehensive three-level evaluation plan for measuring child progress and program impact is discussed. Level 3 evaluation is focused on determining general program impact through measuremnt of enrolled children's progress toward developmental milestones. Level 2 evaluates quarterly child progress through the administration of a program-relevant, criterionreferenced tool. The information generated from this program-relevant tool also provides the necessary information for the development of Individual Education Plan. Level 1 evaluation is desgned to determine weekly child progress toward specific instructional objectives by administering brief probe tests. Two years of data collected on at-risk and handicapped infants participating in an early inte...
Microstructural evolution of protective La–Cr–O films studied by transmission electron microscopy

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) were performed to study the microstructural evolution of La–Cr–O thin films deposited by radio frequency (RF)-magnetron sputtering on stainless steel substrates. Chromium L edges and oxygen K edges are analyzed to determine the valence states of the chromium and elucidate the phase evolution of the thin film. The as-deposited amorphous thin film crystallized to LaCrO4 and finally transformed to the LaCrO3 stable phase during annealing at 800°C. An intermediate Cr/Mn oxide layer was formed in all annealed samples. The thickness of this oxide layer stabilizes after 700°C, which indicates that the LaCrO3 thin film plays a role in inhibiting the growth of an oxide layer on the metal surface.
Analysis of fusing online and co-presence social networks

This paper explores how online social networks and co-presence social networks complement each other to form global, fused social relations. We collected Bluetooth-based co-presence data from mobile phones and Facebook social data from a shared set of 104 students. For improved analysis accuracy, we created weighted social graphs based on meeting frequency and duration for co-presence data, and based on wall writing and photo tagging for Facebook data. By analyzing the overall structural properties, we show the two networks represent two different levels of social engagement which complement each other. By fusing them together, the average path length and network diameter is shortened, and consequently the social connectivity increases significantly. By quantifying the contribution of each social network to the fused network in terms of node degree, edge weight, and community overlap, we discovered that the co-presence network improves social connectivity, while the online network brings greater cohesiveness to social communities.
Role of Nbs1 in the activation of the Atm kinase revealed in humanized mouse models

Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is a chromosomal fragility disorder that shares clinical and cellular features with ataxia telangiectasia. Here we demonstrate that Nbs1-null B cells are defective in the activation of ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (Atm) in response to ionizing radiation, whereas ataxia-telangiectasia- and Rad3-related (Atr)-dependent signalling and Atm activation in response to ultraviolet light, inhibitors of DNA replication, or hypotonic stress are intact. Expression of the main human NBS allele rescues the lethality of Nbs1-/- mice, but leads to immunodeficiency, cancer predisposition, a defect in meiotic progression in females and cell-cycle checkpoint defects that are associated with a partial reduction in Atm activity. The Mre11 interaction domain of Nbs1 is essential for viability, whereas the Forkhead-associated (FHA) domain is required for T-cell and oocyte development and efficient DNA damage signalling. Reconstitution of Nbs1 knockout mice with various mutant isoforms demonstrates the biological impact of impaired Nbs1 function at the cellular and organismal level.
Migrant abundance in a Costa Rican lowland forest canopy

Birds that breed in temperate North America (hereafter 'migrants') comprise 20-40% of the winter population in Costa Rica and Panama (Hutto 1980, Terborgh 19&0). Migrants often occupy tropical habitats for 6-8 months and are an integral part of tropical avifaunas (Stiles 1983a). Many species of migrants are more abundant in second growth woodlands than in primary forest (Hutto 1980, Karr 1976, Martin 1985; but see Waide et al. 1980) but habitat selection patterns of migrants in the tropics are still poorly known. For example, Greenberg (1981) found many migrants in the canopy at Barro Colorado Island, Panama and suggested that previous conclusions on the rarity of migrants in lowland forest be re-evaluated. However, Martin (1985) noted that the forest section censused by Greenberg (1981) contained some aspects of the vegetation that are characteristic of younger forest (Foster & Brokaw 1982) and suggested that migrants might be more abundant in the canopy of Greenberg's site (70100 years old; Greenberg 1981) than in the canopies of older forests. I examined seasonal use of lowland forest canopy by migrants. Canopy habitats are a neglected area in tropical bird studies (Wilson 1984). Previous studies on habitat use by migrants have concentrated on understory and lowlevel birds (but see Greenberg 1981) because canopy birds are extremely difficult to count in lowland rain forest (Stiles 1983a). I conducted canopy censuses in lowland wet forest at La Selva Biological Station (100 25' N, 840 01' W), Costa Rica (described in Hartshorn 1983). I used climbing ropes (Perry 1978) to gain access to the canopies of two emergent trees (Dipteryx panamensis (Pittier) Record and Hymenolobium pulcherrium (Ducke) located >500 m from forest edge. I conducted 49 censuses from 1 April 1985 to 28 April 1986. Censuses were concentrated during the period of migrant presence at La Selva in 1985-1986 (Figure 1). They began at sunrise and lasted 2-3 hours. The Dipteryx had a platform 32 m above the ground
Body fluids and exercise: Replacement strategies

Abstract Athletic performance is initially enabled but then becomes limited by changes in body fluids. This review deals with potentially beneficial interventions replacement strategies. It is the second of a trilogy on exercise with a focus on body fluids. The first part (published previously in this Journal) concerned physiological changes in body fluids likely to affect performance. These changes are certain to tax the homeostatic capacity of a competitive horse, which may be supported by supplementation with water and electrolytes before, during or after an event. The simplest replacement strategy is to completely offset depletion, so as to maintain or restore the resting status. A preferred replacement strategy emphasizes more frequent and smaller doses during an event, so as to avoid over-riding the initial beneficial changes in body fluids. Because the turning points from enabling to limiting are not well established, effective electrolyte replacement currently depends as much on the rider's development of a specific dosage regimen (amounts and times) for an individual horse as on any scientist's rational design of a flexible formula for all horses.Marketedformulas are based on sweat loss and changes in plasma. Most contain Na, K and Cl; some also have Ca, Mg, P, glucose and nutraceuticals. Attention to hyperkalemia at speeds over 4 m/s suggests the need for two formulas—one without potassium for use during an event, the other with potassium for use before and after. Illustrative studies are examined for the validity of their physiological interpretations and their practicalimplications. They indicate various advantages from the administration of hypertonic mixtures of electrolytes in pastes or slurries a few hours before as well as during and after an event, provided that the horse has ample opportunity to drink. Nevertheless, the physiology of absorption suggests that hypertonic mixtures should be regarded as unsuitable for a clinically hypohydrated horse until shown otherwise. The third part of this series will discuss the influence of nutrition and feeding management on body fluids and performance.
Male fetal loss in the U.S. following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.

The secondary sex ratio (i.e., the odds of a male birth) reportedly declines following natural disasters, pollution events, and economic collapse. It remains unclear whether this decline results from an excess of male fetal loss or reduced male conceptions. The literature also does not converge as to whether the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 induced "communal bereavement", or the widespread feeling of distress among persons who never met those directly involved in the attacks. We test the communal bereavement hypothesis among gravid women by examining whether male fetal deaths rose above expected levels in the US following September 11, 2001. We apply interrupted time-series methods to all fetal deaths at or greater than the 20th week of gestation in the US from 1996 to 2002. Time-series methods control for trends, seasonality, and other forms of autocorrelation that could induce spurious associations. Results support the hypothesis in that the fetal death sex ratio (i.e., the odds of a male fetal death) increased above its expected value in September 2001. Additional analysis of the secondary sex ratio indirectly supports that the terrorist attacks may have threatened the gestation of male more than female fetuses. Societal responses to events such as September 11, 2001 do not appear confined only to persons who have ever met the deceased. The fetal death sex ratio in the US population may serve as a sentinel indicator of the degree to which pregnant women react to population stressors.
The hierarchical structure of organisms: a scale and documentation of a trend in the maximum

The degree of hierarchical structure of organisms—the number of levels of nesting of lower-level entities within higher-level individuals—has apparently increased a number of times in the history of life, notably in the origin of the eukaryotic cell from an association of prokaryotic cells, of multicellular organisms from clones of eukaryotic cells, and of integrated colonies from aggregates of multicellular individuals. Arranged in order of first occurrence, these three transitions suggest a trend, in particular a trend in the maximum, or an increase in the degree of hierarchical structure present in the hierarchically deepest organism on Earth. However, no rigorous documentation of such a trend—based on operational and consistent criteria for hierarchical levels—has been attempted. Also, the trajectory of increase has not been examined in any detail. One limitation is that no hierarchy scale has been developed with sufficient resolution to document more than these three major increases. Here, a higher-resolution scale is proposed in which hierarchical structure is decomposed into levels and sublevels, with levels reflecting number of layers of nestedness, and sublevels reflecting degree of individuation at the highest level. The scale is then used, together with the body-fossil record, to plot the trajectory of the maximum. Two alternative interpretations of the record are considered, and both reveal a long-term trend extending from the Archean through the early Phanerozoic. In one, the pattern of increase was incremental, with almost all sublevels arising precisely in order. The data also raise the possibility that waiting times for transitions between sublevels may have decreased with increasing hierarchical level (and with time). These last two findings—incremental increase in level and decreasing waiting times—are tentative, pending a study of possible biases in the fossil record.
Interaction of Bacterial Toxins in the Toxicity of Chemotherapeutic Agents

(1973). Interaction of Bacterial Toxins in the Toxicity of Chemotherapeutic Agents. CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 159-209.
Courage and Principle

The things I wish to say here are relatively few and simple. Reflection on certain moral phenomena suggests, by way of a rather loose dialectical argument, a certain traditional theory of the nature of virtue. This is the notion that virtue consists, partly, of acting on the basis of some principle.1 If we do not assume in advance some narrow conception of what principles are like, this theory can provide us with a plausible account of the virtue of courage. If we take it seriously and follow its implications where they lead us we can learn something, not only about virtue, but about the nature of principle as well.
A Global View of Competitive Norms

This study investigates the differential effectiveness of cultural values and normative beliefs as predictors of behavior in a competitive group decision-making task in three countries, Israel, Japan, and the United States. Its purpose is to test hypotheses about how cultural values and norms influence the display and use of power in groups. Our initial findings present very similar values- and norms-based pictures of the groups in Israel and the U.S. However, their resource allocation behaviors were remarkably different. The "power" players in Israel claimed significantly more of the resources than either the power players in Japan or the U.S. There was no distinguishable difference between the outcomes in Japan and the U.S.
Self-Reported Cancer Prevalence among Hispanics in the US: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Cancer has surpassed heart disease as the leading cause of death among Hispanics in the U.S., yet data on cancer prevalence and risk factors in Hispanics in regard to ancestry remain scarce. This study sought to describe (a) the prevalence of cancer among Hispanics from four major U.S. metropolitan areas, (b) cancer prevalence across Hispanic ancestry, and (c) identify correlates of self-reported cancer prevalence. Participants were 16,415 individuals from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), who self-identified as Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Central or South American. All data were collected at a single time point during the HCHS/SOL baseline clinic visit. The overall self-reported prevalence rate of cancer for the population was 4%. The rates varied by Hispanic ancestry group, with individuals of Cuban and Puerto Rican ancestry reporting the highest cancer prevalence. For the entire population, older age (OR = 1.47, p < .001, 95% CI, 1.26–1.71) and having health insurance (OR = 1.93, p < .001, 95% CI, 1.42–2.62) were all significantly associated with greater prevalence, whereas male sex was associated with lower prevalence (OR = 0.56, p < .01, 95% CI, .40-.79). Associations between study covariates and cancer prevalence also varied by Hispanic ancestry. Findings underscore the importance of sociodemographic factors and health insurance in relation to cancer prevalence for Hispanics and highlight variations in cancer prevalence across Hispanic ancestry groups. Characterizing differences in cancer prevalence rates and their correlates is critical to the development and implementation of effective prevention strategies across distinct Hispanic ancestry groups.
Cross-Validation of an Infrared Motion Capture System and an Electromechanical Motion Capture Device

The current research conducted a cross-validation between an infrared motion capture system and an electromechanical motion capture device. No differences were found between the motion capture methods in shoulder and elbow angles. However, differences were found between the motion capture methods on distances of hand movements and actor location in space. Results of the current study indicate electromechanical motion capture devices are too inaccurate to use for validating digital human models unless the ultimate application of the model does not require millimeter accuracy or an absolute location in space. If one is primarily interested in joint angles, and distances are secondary, an electromechanical device is acceptable.
Socio–environmental sustainability of indigenous lands: simulating coupled human–natural systems in the Amazon

Understanding pathways to environmental sustainability in tropical regions is a priority for conservation and development policies. Because drivers of environmental degradation often occur simultaneously, a holistic approach is needed. We analyzed environmental degradation on demarcated indigenous lands in Guyana, using a spatially explicit, agent-based simulation model representing human livelihoods, forest dynamics, and animal metapopulations. We examined four plausible drivers of ecological degradation: conversion of land for agro–industrial use, erosion of hunting and dietary taboos, reduction in child mortality rates, and introduction of external food resources. Although social–ecological systems were resilient to internal changes, the introduction of external food resources resulted in large fluctuations in the system, leading to a deterioration in environmental sustainability. Our simulation model also revealed unexpected linkages within the system; for example, population growth rates of non-human animal species were related to the sustainability of human livelihoods. We highlight the value of simulation models as social–ecological experiments that can synthesize interdisciplinary knowledge bases and support policy development.
Sheet Density and Well Thickness Effects on Photoluminescence from Pseudomorphic HEMT Structures

Low temperature photoluminescence was studied in a large number of pseudomorphic HEMT's having an In x Ga 1−x As quantum well. The spectra show strong qualitative differences when the Fermi level is above or below the second conduction subband, and in the latter case they are power dependent. A slight enhancement is seen at the Fermi edge only when it lies close to the higher subband. Excellent agreement is found between the measured Fermi energy and the two-dimensional carrier density in the well.
Exploring Advanced Metering Infrastructure Deployments for Commercial and Industrial Sites

Smart meters have become increasingly common as an approach to benchmark and assess building energy use. In this paper, we explore what type of metering infrastructure may be required to derive value from the application of smart meters in the commercial and industrial sectors. As an example, we find that sole reliance upon a site-level smart meter—which has been the focus of most existing deployment models—provides sufficient data to extract summary statistics about how the energy use of a given site may compare to a typical ‘average’ site, but such installations fail to provide adequate detail about where the energy use is occurring or why any discrepancies might be occurring. To resolve these issues, we install a multi-tier advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) at a mixed use (industrial and commercial) campus. We use this AMI deployment to gain insight at different levels of the consumption hierarchy—from sites to buildings, panels, sub-panels, and end loads. The paper concludes by discussing the trade-offs associated with such augmented metering at each level within the hierarchy, with a view towards providing guidelines for AMI deployment at other industrial and commercial campuses.© 2012 ASME
Human Adaptive Natural Killer Cells: Beyond NKG2C.

Paradigm-shifting studies have identified NKG2C+ adaptive natural killer (NK) cells in individuals infected with cytomegalovirus. Recently in Cell Reports, Liu et al. demonstrate that NKG2C−/− HCMV+ individuals also generate adaptive NK cells, and reveal CD2 as a major co-stimulatory receptor for these NK cells specialized to respond via FcγRIIIa/CD16.
Bradykinin recognizes different molecular forms of the B2 kinin receptor in the presence and absence of guanine nucleotides.

We have previously reported that [3H]bradykinin ([3H]BK) identifies high- and low-affinity B2 kinin receptor sites in bovine myometrial membranes which are sensitive and insensitive respectively to guanine nucleotides. Here we show that these receptor-binding sites are solubilized by the detergent CHAPS. Equilibrium binding in soluble preparations revealed that [3H]BK identified a maximal number of binding sites (B(max)) of 119 ± 160 fmol/mg of protein, with an equilibrium dissociation constant (K(D)) of 314 ± 70 pM with a typical B2 kinin receptor specificity. Dissociation of equilibrium binding was biphasic. In the presence of the GTP analogue guanosine 5'[βγ-imido]triphosphate (Gpp[NH]p), [3H]BK bound to the soluble receptors with a K(D) of 929 ± 129 pM and a B(max.) of 706 ± 38 fmol/mg of protein. The Gpp(NH)p-promoted decrease in the apparent affinity and B(max.), which was half-maximal at 0.5 μM, was due at least in part to an increase in the dissociation rate of the slowly dissociating component of the equilibrium binding. Recoveries of guanine-nucleotide-sensitivity and of rapidly and slowly dissociating binding components were essentially identical, whether or not the receptor had been occupied by an agonist before solubilization. Sucrose-density-gradient sedimentation profiles revealed that [3H]BK recognized two different molecular forms of the receptor in the absence or presence of guanine revealed that [3H]BK recognized two different molecular forms of the receptor in the absence or presence of guanine nucleotides. These results provide for the first time direct evidence that guanine nucleotides promote a change in the structure of the B2 kinin-receptor complex. We propose that this structural change is due to dissociation of a guanine-nucleotide-regulatory (G)-protein. (Less)
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT NERVE TUMORS

Tumors of peripheral nerves in the upper extremity are uncommon. All too frequently this diagnosis is made intraoperatively or postoperatively with the potential to compromise the outcome of treatment. An appropriate index of suspicion is necessary for inclusion of peripheral nerve tumors and a differential diagnosis of an upper extremity mass. Knowledge of this group of neoplasms will help direct evaluation and treatment.
Explosive Formulation Code Naming SOP

The purpose of this SOP is to provide a procedure for giving individual HME formulations code names. A code name for an individual HME formulation consists of an explosive family code, given by the classified guide, followed by a dash, -, and a number. If the formulation requires preparation such as packing or aging, these add additional groups of symbols to the X-ray specimen name.
ETS Proto-oncogene 1 Transcriptionally Up-regulates the Cholangiocyte Senescence-associated Protein Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic, fibroinflammatory cholangiopathy (disease of the bile ducts) of unknown pathogenesis. We reported that cholangiocyte senescence features prominently in PSC and that neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) is activated in PSC cholangiocytes. Additionally, persistent microbial insult (e.g. LPSs) induces cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A/p16INK4a) expression and senescence in cultured cholangiocytes in an NRAS-dependent manner. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in LPS-induced cholangiocyte senescence and NRAS-dependent regulation of CDKN2A remain unclear. Using our in vitro senescence model, we found that LPS-induced CDKN2A expression coincided with a 4.5-fold increase in ETS1 (ETS proto-oncogene 1) mRNA, suggesting that ETS1 is involved in regulating CDKN2A. This idea was confirmed by RNAi-mediated suppression or genetic deletion of ETS1, which blocked CDKN2A expression and reduced cholangiocyte senescence. Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis of a predicted ETS-binding site within the CDKN2A promoter abolished luciferase reporter activity. Pharmacological inhibition of RAS/MAPK reduced ETS1 and CDKN2A protein expression and CDKN2A promoter-driven luciferase activity by ∼50%. In contrast, constitutively active NRAS expression induced ETS1 and CDKN2A protein expression, whereas ETS1 RNAi blocked this increase. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR detected increased ETS1 and histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4Me3) at the CDKN2A promoter following LPS-induced senescence. Additionally, phospho-ETS1 expression was increased in cholangiocytes of human PSC livers and in the Abcb4 (Mdr2)−/− mouse model of PSC. These data pinpoint ETS1 and H3K4Me3 as key transcriptional regulators in NRAS-induced expression of CDKN2A, and this regulatory axis may therefore represent a potential therapeutic target for PSC treatment.
Testing Exact Upper Bounds to Exact Exchange

The exact exchange energy and its energy density are useful but computationally expensive ingredients in density functional approximations for Kohn–Sham density functional theory. We present detailed tests of some exact nonempirical upper bounds to exact exchange. These “Rung 3.5” upper bounds contract the Kohn–Sham one-particle density matrix with model density matrices used to construct semilocal model exchange holes and invoke the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality. The contraction automatically eliminates the computationally expensive long-range component of the exact exchange hole. Numerical tests show that the exchange upper bounds underestimate total exchange energies while predicting other properties with accuracy approaching standard hybrid approximations.
Evaluation of bone marrow mononuclear cells as an adjunct therapy to minced muscle graft for the treatment of volumetric muscle loss injuries

The delivery of alternative myogenic cell sources to enhance the efficacy of minced muscle grafts (MG) for the treatment of volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries is a promising strategy to overcome the demand on muscle-derived donor tissue that currently limits the translation of this therapy. Using a rat model of VML, bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNCs) were evaluated for their ability to directly contribute to de novo muscle fiber regeneration by transplanting MG in a collagen carrier at a dose of 50% of the VML injury both with and without concomitant delivery of 5 million BMNCs derived via density gradient centrifugation from the bone marrow of a syngeneic green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ donor. Histological, molecular, and functional analyses revealed that BMNCs can engraft with co-delivered MG and contribute to nascent myofiber, but do so at a low magnitude without resulting in significant changes to transcription of key myogenic genes or gains in whole muscle force generation relative to MG alone. As such, co-delivery of BMNCs with MG is a promising treatment paradigm to VML that will require further investigation to identify the phenotype and therapeutic dosing of the bone marrow-derived cell populations which engraft most efficiently.
Simultaneous estimation based on empirical likelihood and general maximum likelihood estimation

One typical problem in simultaneous estimation of mean values is estimating means of normal distributions, however when normality or any other distribution is not specified, more robust estimation procedures are demanded. A new estimation procedure is proposed based on empirical likelihood which does not request any specific distributional assumption. The new idea is based on incorporating empirical likelihood with general maximum likelihood estimation. One well-known nonparametric estimator, the linear empirical Bayes estimator, can be interpreted as an estimator based on empirical likelihood under some framework and it is shown that the proposed procedure can improve the linear empirical Bayes estimator. Numerical studies are presented to compare the proposed estimator with some existing estimators. The proposed estimator is applied to the problem of estimating mean values corresponding to high valued observations. Simulations and real data example of gene expression are provided.
Food Allergy in Patients Seeking Mental Health Care: What the Practicing Psychiatrist Should Know

This review provides an overview of food allergy among children and adolescents in the context of its impact on psychosocial functioning, and quality of life (QoL). The prevalence of food allergy is increasing. The burden of day to day management of food allergy is significant and can have a negative impact on QoL for both parents of those with food allergy, and the children themselves. This can impact social functioning, academic functioning, and mental health. Children with food allergy experience more bullying than peers. Greater internalizing of symptoms has been identified in adolescents with food allergy. Typical developmental considerations in the transition from adolescence to adulthood can be impacted significantly. Those caring for children with food allergy should consider the impact of food allergy on the individual and family level within the context of social and emotional development.
Keynote: Truth, Social Justice (and the American Way?)

In addition to being a long-standing problem in the computer science research literature, bathroom placement raises the complex questions of equality, fairness, and social justice, in a simpler domain than the issues we face in computing. Bathrooms are also something that we can, without much controversy, agree does involve some intrinsic biological differences. In most areas, the issues are not so bare as they are for restrooms, but similar issues arise. One of the great challenges we have in discussing under-representation of women in computing is that equality, fairness, and social justice are often in conflict with each other.
Developing Critical Consciousness and Social Justice Self-Efficacy: Lessons From Feminist Community Engagement Student Narratives

As community engagement continues to be institutionalized within colleges and universities, it is increasingly important that it retain its founding mission to prepare engaged citizens to address societal issues and contribute to the public good. Unfortunately, dominant models of community engagement remain charity focused and thereby reinforce social hierarchies that undermine higher education’s mission of public good. Though many studies have focused on critiquing charity-focused models of community engagement, few studies offer alternative approaches. Utilizing an intrinsic single-case-study approach, this study investigates what can be learned from the narratives of 12 students in a community engagement program that uses feminist pedagogy. The findings suggest that a feminist approach to community engagement can be a catalyst for students to develop critical consciousness and social justice self-efficacy by addressing issues of privilege and oppression in community-engaged work in ways that current community engagement models have yet to operationalize.
Citrus Research in Florida: Issues, Policies, and Solutions

The Florida citrus industry will continue to face new and serious challenges throughout the rest of this century and into the 21st century. Issues such as increasing production and labor costs, competition from other regions of the world, environmental awareness, energy, water management, government regulations, among others will focus our efforts on more efficient production, handling, processing and marketing methods. The historical commitment by the U.S. to a strong and highly-organized system for agricultural research has helped to maintain a vital and competitive domestic and international trade stature. Similarly, research has helped to keep the Florida citrus industry viable and competitive through the many major scientific developments from Lake Alfred.Paper published with permission.Compilation Copyright © 2018 ASME
Layer-by-layer Assembly of Nanotubes and Nanofilms from Nanoparticle and Polymer Blocks for Electronic Applications

The near-future trends in computing, electronics, optoelectronics have put forward the necessity in radically new concepts of fabricating ultrahigh density electronic circuits. A perspective approach to this problem is constructing the circuits from the ground up using nanoscale There have been numerous reports of molecule- and polymer-based devices that can function as rectifiers, transistors, and switches [1,2]. Some elaborate logic circuits based on molecular diodes [3], and nanoscale crossbar arrays that contain bistable memory elements [4] have recently been proposed. Obviously, current rectification is needed at each crossing point in order to isolate individual memory elements from each other. Real challenge to practical use of these devices is the problem of making the appropriate connections between nanoscale devices, and their integration into the larger scale circuits.
Thermal Behavior of Conifer Needle Extractives

Thermal generation of combustible vapors has been measured up to 500 degrees C for green Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, and lodgepole pine foliage. The relative contributions to combustible products are given for ether, benzene-ethanol, and total extractives, as well as for holocellulose and lignin. Each of these components makes a sizeable contribution to flammable vapors. Extractives account for about 80 percent of the volatiles below 300 degrees C. Most of these low-temperature volatiles were extracted with benzene-ethanol, but only 15 to 30 percent were ether soluble. For these fuels, ether extractive content was found to be of limited value as an indicator of differences in flammability.
Antiepileptic Drug Management in Hospitalized Epilepsy Patients With Nil Per Os Diets: A Retrospective Review.

Background and Purpose:Antiepileptic drug (AED) management in patients with epilepsy who cannot take their usual oral medications is a common neurologic dilemma in the hospital setting. Strategies ...
Endangered (and Endangering) Species: Exploring the Animacy Hierarchy in Malik Sajad’s Munnu

The contrast between Kashmiris as hanguls (endangered Kashmiri deer) and the Indian occupiers as “human” provides us with a good entry point to investigate and interrogate the visual representation...
Geometrical Techniques for Electric Field Control in (Ultra) Wide Bandgap Power Electronics Modules

Regarding the outstanding properties, commercial availability of starting material, and maturity of the technological processes, silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) with a relatively large bandgap of 3.3 eV and 3.4 eV, respectively are the more promising semiconductor materials known as wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors. WBG semiconductors which are expected to have better efficiency, higher temperature tolerance, and higher voltage blocking capability than their silicon (Si) counterparts having a bandgap of 1.1 eV are changing the landscape of power electronics industry. Moreover, a new class of semiconductor materials so-called ultrawide-bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors with bandgaps higher than that of GaN including diamond (C), gallium oxide (Ga2O3), and aluminum nitride (AIN) currently investigated will be generation-after-next power electronics. However new packaging technologies are needed to realize the mentioned superior system performance with WBG and UWBG devices. Among various factors needed to be addressed for high-density packaging designs of high voltage WBG and UWBG devices, the high electric fields, especially at the edges of the substrate metallization, can lead to unacceptable levels of partial discharges in the silicone gel commonly used as encapsulations. In this paper, geometrical techniques for electric field control inside (U)WBG power electronics modules are studied by finite element method models (FEM) developed in COMSOL Multiphysics.