cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of cognitive versus emotional intelligence in Iowa Gambling Task performance: What's emotion got to do with it?

Abstract Debate persists regarding the relative role of cognitive versus emotional processes in driving successful performance on the widely used Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). From the time of its initial development, patterns of IGT performance were commonly interpreted as primarily reflecting implicit, emotion-based processes. Surprisingly, little research has tried to directly compare the extent to which measures tapping relevant cognitive versus emotional competencies predict IGT performance in the same study. The current investigation attempts to address this question by comparing patterns of associations between IGT performance, cognitive intelligence (Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence; WASI) and three commonly employed measures of emotional intelligence (EI; Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test, MSCEIT; Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory, EQ-i; Self-Rated Emotional Intelligence Scale, SREIS). Results indicated that IGT performance was more strongly associated with cognitive, than emotional, intelligence. To the extent that the IGT indeed mimics “real-world” decision-making, our findings, coupled with the results of existing research, may highlight the role of deliberate, cognitive capacities over implicit, emotional processes in contributing to at least some domains of decision-making relevant to everyday life.
Practicing natural resource management with a policy orientation

All natural resource managers want to contribute to successful conservation programs. Having and applying an explicit policy orientation is indispensable. The policy sciences are described and a case is made that, if natural resource managers utilize this set of conceptual and applied tools in their natural resource work, their effectiveness could be enhanced. The policy sciences offer a contextual, problem-oriented, and multimethod approach to meeting complex problems. Two kinds of knowledge are needed to solve problems—substantive knowledge about the resource and process knowledge about the decision and policy processes used to derive courses of management action. The interplay of science, analysis, and politics are examined. The wildlife management community is used to illustrate many points, including the important role implementation plays in the overall policy process.
Optical communication with two-photon coherent states--Part I: Quantum-state propagation and quantum-noise

Recent theoretical work has shown that novel quantum states, called two-photon coherent states (TCS), have significant potential for improving free-space optical communications. The first part of a three-part study of the communication theory of TCS radiation is presented. The issues of quantum-field propagation and optimum quantum-state generation are addressed. In particular, the quantum analog of the classical paraxial diffraction theory for quasimonochromatic scalar waves is developed. This result, which describes the propagation of arbitrary quantum states as a boundary-value problem suitable for communication system analysis, is used to treat a number of quantum transmitter optimization problems. It is shown that, under near-field propagation conditions, a TCS transmitter maximizes field-measurement signal-to-noise ratio among all transmitter quantum states; the performance of the TCS system exceeds that for a conventional (coherent state) transmitter by a factor of N_{s} + 1 , where N_{s} is the average number of signal photons (transmitter energy constraint). Under far-field propagation conditions, it is shown that use of a TCS local oscillator in the receiver can, in principle, attenuate field-measurement quantum noise by a factor equal to the diffraction loss of the channel, if appropriate spatial mode mixing can be achieved. These communcation results are derived by assuming that field-quadrature quantum measurement is performed. In part II of this study, photoemissive reception of TCS radiation will be considered; it will be shown therein that homodyne detection of TCS fields can realize the field-quadrature signal - to-noise ratio performance of part I. In part III, the relationships between photoemissive detection and general quantum measurements will be explored. In particular, a synthesis procedure will be obtained for realizing all the measurements described by arbitrary TCS.
Tantalizing tortoises and the Darwin-Galápagos legend.

During his historic Galapagos visit in 1835, Darwin spent nine days making scientific observations and collecting specimens on Santiago (James Island). In the course of this visit, Darwin ascended twice to the Santiago highlands. There, near springs located close to the island’s summit, he conducted his most detailed observations of Galapagos tortoises. The precise location of these springs, which has not previously been established, is here identified using Darwin’s own writings, satellite maps, and GPS technology. Photographic evidence from excursions to the areas where Darwin climbed, including repeat photography over a period of four decades, offers striking evidence of the deleterious impact of feral mammals introduced after Darwin’s visit. Exploring the impact that Darwin’s Santiago visit had on his thinking – especially focusing on his activities in the highlands – raises intriguing questions about the depth of his understanding of the evolutionary evidence he encountered while in the Galapagos. These questions and related insights provide further evidence concerning the timing of Darwin’s conversion to the theory of evolution, which, despite recent claims to the contrary, occurred only after his return to England.
O3-04-04

Background: Previous research in AD has focused only on individual dietary components. Composite dietary patterns may better capture dietary habits since they can integrate possible interactive effects of individual components. The MeDi is such a composite pattern that has been related to lower risk for cardiovascular disease, several forms of cancer and overall mortality. Objectives: To investigate the association between MeDi and AD risk. Methods: A community cohort of elderly in New York were evaluated with the same standardized neurological and neuropsychological measures every 1.5 years: 226 subjects were diagnosed with AD at first evaluation (prevalent), 262 developed AD during 4 ( 3.0; 0.8 13.9) years of follow-up (incident) and 1794 subjects never became demented. MeDi, measured by a 0-9 point scale with higher score indicating higher adherence, was the main predictor in logistic regression and Cox models. All models were adjusted for cohort (year 1992 vs. 1999), age, gender, ethnicity, education, APOE genotype, caloric intake and body mass index. Results: In GEE analyses performed in a subset of 390 subjects with repeated dietary assessments, adherence to MeDi was stable over time. Non-demented subjects had significantly higher adherence to the MeDi (4.40 1.7), as compared to AD subjects (4.05, 1.7; p 0.001). In cross-sectional analyses, as compared to subjects in the lower MeDi adherence tertile, subjects in the middle tertile had a lower risk of prevalent AD (OR; 0.51 [0.33-0.80]; p 0.003), while subjects at the highest tertile had an even lower risk (0.32 [0.18-0.56]; p 0.001). In longitudinal analyses, as compared to subjects in the lowest MeDi tertile, subjects in the middle tertile had an HR for incident AD of 0.85 (0.63-1.16) and those at the highest tertile an HR of 0.60 (0.42-0.87; p for trend 0.007). Conclusions: Higher adherence to MeDi is associated with a significant reduction in AD risk. The association is not an artifact of changing dietary habits after AD clinical onset. It may be the result of the composite-interactive effect of the MeDi’s individual components and it may occur via oxidative stress, inflammation, and / or vascular mechanisms.
THE WEANLING GUINEA PIG AS TEST OBJECT FOR ESTROGEN ASSAYS

SINCE ALLEN and Doisy in 1923 published their useful test for “follicular hormone” other more delicate assay methods have been developed. Lyons and Templeton (1936) showed that by instillation of the material to be tested into the vaginal lumen (and hence in immediate contact with the vaginal wall) a much smaller amount of estrogen could be detected. The endpoint in their experiments was frank cornification, as in the Allen-Doisy test, whereas Fluhmann (1933, 1934) originated an even more sensitive test by taking advantage of the mucification of the superficial cells of the vagina in the castrated mouse, a transformation which requires much less estrogen than is needed for cornification. Albrieux (1936) went further when he combined both methods and added a device of his own for assaying blood estrogen. He first dried a column of blood in a collodion “straw,” then inserted a small “pellet” of the dried blood into the vagina of the spayed mouse. Mucification was the endpoint in this test. Markee and Berg (...
Metal sorption to dolomite surfaces

Potential human intrusion into the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) might release actinides into the Culebra Dolomite where sorption reactions will affect of radiotoxicity from the repository. Using a limited residence time reactor the authors have measured Ca, Mg, Nd adsorption/exchange as a function of ionic strength, P{sub CO{sub 2}}, and pH at 25 C. By the same approach, but using as input radioactive tracers, adsorption/exchange of Am, Pu, U, and Np on dolomite were measured as a function of ionic strength, P{sub CO{sub 2}}, and pH at 25 C. Metal adsorption is typically favored at high pH. Calcium and Mg adsorb in near-stoichiometric proportions except at high pH. Adsorption of Ca and Mg is diminished at high ionic strengths (e.g., 0.5M NaCl) pointing to association of Na{sup +} with the dolomite surface, and the possibility that Ca and Mg sorb as hydrated, outer-sphere complexes. Sulfate amplifies sorption of Ca and Mg, and possibly Nd as well. Exchange of Nd for surface Ca is favored at high pH, and when Ca levels are low. Exchange for Ca appears to control attachment of actinides to dolomite as well, and high levels of Ca{sup 2+} in solution will decrease Kds. At the same time, to the extent that high P{sub CO{sub 2}} increase Ca{sup 2+} levels, JK{sub d}s will decrease with CO{sub 2} levels as well, but only if sorbing actinide-carbonate complexes are not observed to form (Am-carbonate complexes appear to sorb; Pu-complexes might sorb as well; U-carbonate complexation leads to desorption). This indirect CO{sub 2} effect is observed primarily at, and above, neutral pH. High NaCl levels do not appear to affect to actinide K{sub d}s.
Calculation of diffusion coefficients for aqueous organic species at temperatures from 0 to 350 °C

Abstract Evaluation of hydrocarbon transport through the pore spaces of saturated rock in the subsurface as a function of time and distance requires accurate values of diffusion coefficients for aqueous organic species. Analysis of aqueous tracer diffusion coefficients ( D 0 ) for normal alkanes, alcohols, amides, carboxylic acids, alkylbenzenes, and alkylnaphthalenes reported in the literature indicates that diffusional activation energies decrease with increasing temperature, reaching a constant limiting value of ~3300 cal mol −1 at temperatures a: 100°C. This observation is consistent with the modified Arrhenius expression reported by Oelkers and Helgeson (1988). The Kirkwood-Riseman equation is used to predict D 0 values as a function of the polymer chain length of hydrocarbons. Regression of experimental D 0 data with a combined expression of the Kirkwood-Riseman and modified Arrhenius equations yields parameters which permit calculation of tracer diffusion coefficients for over 50 aqueous organic species at temperatures from 0° to 350°C and P sat . ( p sat refers to pressures corresponding to the liquid-vapor equilibrium curve for H 2 O at temperatures greater than 100°C and 1 bar at lower temperatures.) Resulting values of D 0 permit evaluation of the extent of diffusional mass transfer in both contaminated near-surface environments and in the porewater adjoining oil field reservoirs. The computed tracer diffusion coefficients, which are qualitatively similar to D 0 values previously calculated for aqueous ions, increase substantially with increasing temperature. For example, the tracer diffusion coefficient of aqueous toluene increases from 0.36 to 27.1 × 10 −5 cm 2 sec −1 in response to increasing temperature from 0 to 350°C.
Disagreement, peerhood, and three paradoxes of Conciliationism

Conciliatory theories of disagreement require that one lower one’s confidence in a belief in the face of disagreement from an epistemic peer. One question about which people might disagree is who should qualify as an epistemic peer and who should not. But when putative epistemic peers disagree about epistemic peerhood itself, then Conciliationism makes contradictory demands and paradoxes arise.
Towards a rights-based approach to youth programs: Duty-bearers' perspectives

Abstract This study applies a rights-based approach (RBA) to examine a municipal youth program in Montreal, Canada, from duty-bearers' perspectives — staff working in either municipal governments or youth organizations. Considering the complexities of actualizing the four dimensions of an RBA, we assess progress and ways of moving toward actualization. While embracing universality and equality , duty-bearers identified the challenge to mobilize youth and to respond to the changing ethnocultural diversity. Collaboration between local actors was considered most effective, although it required working through conflicting viewpoints. Accountabilit y called for stronger relationships and sharing among duty-bearers across the city. Y outh participation was most difficult because there was no consensus on its meaning or importance. Furthering an RBA requires supporting state and non-state actors by building capacity in multilevel skills, critical thinking, and broader approaches to assessment.
Constraint, Power, and Intergenerational Discontinuity in Japan

ABSTRACT This article uses ethnographic data to explore intergenerational relationships as they are both constructed and contested within the confines of the discourse of filial piety in Japan. I argue that the current state of intergenerational relationships in Japan can neither be characterized in terms of an abandonment of traditional values of filial obligation nor in terms of a tacit acceptance of those values. Instead, contemporary Japanese experience intergenerational relationships in a social matrix that includes co-existing, and in some respects contradictory, discourses and associated matrices of power that at once encourage a lifestyle centered around the nuclear family and are characterized by independent decision-making while also emphasizing expectations of co-residence and commitment to filial obligations.
Identification of Zfp393, a germ cell-specific gene encoding a novel zinc finger protein

Abstract Using the digital differential display program of the National Center for Biotechnology Information, we identified a contig of expression sequence tags (ESTs) which were unique to ovary, testis, and egg libraries. The full-length cDNA of this transcript was deduced and further confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The cDNA encodes a novel protein of 341 amino acids with a nuclear localization signal. The carboxyl-terminus of the protein contains three C2H2 zinc fingers, and the NH2-terminus is proline and serine-rich. Based on the conserved zinc finger motifs, we have termed this novel protein as zinc finger protein 393 (ZFP393). Northern blot and RT-PCR analyses revealed that Zfp393 mRNA was exclusively expressed in testis and ovary. The expression sites were further localized by in situ hybridization to step 3–8 spermatids in testis and growing oocytes in ovary. The Zfp393 gene consists of three exons spanning approximately 8 kb on the distal part of mouse chromosome 4. The carboxyl-terminal zinc finger region is highly homologous to several zinc finger-containing proteins, but no proteins were found to share sequence similarity with the NH2-terminal region of ZFP393. Genomic database mining and Southern blot analysis indicate that Zfp393 is a single copy gene. We hypothesize that ZFP393 functions as a germ cell-specific transcription factor that plays important roles in spermatid differentiation and oocyte development.
Reconstructing Natural Visual Scenes From Spike Times

In this paper, we investigate neural circuit architectures encoding natural visual scenes with neuron models consisting of dendritic stimulus processors (DSPs) in cascade with biophysical spike generators (BSGs). DSPs serve as functional models of processing of stimuli up to and including the neuron's active dendritic tree. BSGs model spike generation at the axon hillock level where neurons respond to aggregated synaptic currents. The highly nonlinear behavior of BSGs calls for novel methods of input/output (I/O) analysis of neural encoding circuits and novel decoding algorithms for signal recovery. On the encoding side we characterize the BSG I/O with a phase response curve (PRC) manifold and interpret neural encoding as generalized sampling. We provide a decoding algorithm that recovers visual stimuli encoded by a neural circuit with intrinsic noise sources. In the absence of noise, we give conditions on perfect reconstruction of natural visual scenes. We extend the architecture to encompass neuron models with on-off BSGs with self- and cross-feedback. With the help of the PRC manifold, decoding is shown to be tractable even for a wide signal dynamic range. Consequently, bias currents that were essential in the encoding process can largely be reduced or eliminated. Finally, we present examples of massively parallel encoding and decoding of natural visual scenes on a cluster of graphical processing units (GPUs). We evaluate the signal reconstruction under different noise conditions and investigate the performance of signal recovery in the Nyquist region and for different temporal bandwidths.
Abstract IA19: Immune checkpoint blockade in cancer therapy: New insights and opportunities

The existence of multiple non-redundant l inhibitory pathways that limit T cell responses offers novel strategies for mobilizing the immune system to attack cancer cells. The best characterized of these immune checkpoints is CTLA-4, which inhibits T cell proliferation by interfering with the interaction of the costimulatory molecule CD28 with its ligands B7-1 and B7-2 on the surface of antigen presenting cells. Antibodies to CTLA-4 have proven effective against multiple tumor types in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. Ipilimumab, an antibody to human CTLA-4, showed long term (>4.5 years) survival benefit in about 23% of patients in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in late stage melanoma. In 2011 it was approved by the FDA for treatment of late stage melanoma and is now a standard of care for that disease. The mechanism(s) of action of anti-CTLA-4 are still being elucidated. We and others have shown that CLTA-4 limits T cell proliferation by a cell intrinsic mechanism. However, there is also evidence that anti-CTLA-4 has to engage the target on both effector (Teff) and regulatory (Treg) T cells. We have recently uncovered a mechanism whereby anti-CTLA-4 antibodies expand Treg in lymph nodes but cause their depletion in the tumor microenvironment. Thus anti-CTLA-4 exerts its anti-tumor effects by multiple mechanisms. PD-1, another checkpoint, recruits a phosphatase and seems to interfere with T cell antigen receptor mediated signaling. It has two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, which are both expressed on dendritic cells. However, many tumor cells also express PD-L1. Antibodies to PD-1 and PD-L1 have both shown objective responses against several tumor types in clinical trials with response rates of about 25%. A recent Phase II trial of a combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 in melanoma showed objective responses in about 50% of late stage melanoma patients. These studies and their implications for cancer therapy will be discussed. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):PL07-01. Citation Format: James P. Allison. Immune checkpoint blockade in cancer therapy: New insights and opportunities. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr PL07-01.
Crystal structure of [Ph4As]2[Re7C(CO)21Au(PPh3)]. Comparison of H+ and Au(PPh3)+ coordination to [Re7C(CO)21]3−

Abstract The structure of [Ph4As]2[Re7C(CO)21Au(PPh3)] has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The mixed-metal cluster anion adopts a 1,4- (i.e. trans-) bicapped octahedral geometry. Solution 13C NMR spectra reveal that this Au(PPh3)+ adduct of [Re7C(CO)21]3− maintains the (1,4)-bicapped structure in solution whereas the corresponding H+ adduct, [HRe7C(CO)21]2−, displays two isomers.
Skipped and Postponed Adolescence of Aristocratic Women in Japan: Resurrecting the Culture/Nature Issue

This article attempts to interpret the narratives of life experiences given by former aristocratic women of Japan, with a focus on adolescence and marriage. We will see how the extraordinary status of their families was of central concern in controlling their life courses and interfering with their sexuality. I begin by outlining a theoretical frame that revives the issue of nature and culture. I locate adolescence, like other instances of human experience, between the two. To illustrate my argument, I borrow and reinterpret the controversy in Samoan studies triggered by Derek Freeman's confrontational challenge of Margaret Mead.
Historical Perspectives on Literacy in Early Childhood

Purpose To more fully understand current trends in preliteracy research, as well as controversies that continue to surround best teaching practices, it is essential to have an understanding of the historical evolution of ideas and practices relevant to preparing young children for learning to read. Method Several interrelated historical movements relevant to placing current research and practices related to preliteracy development in context are reviewed. These ideas play out in the interrelated and changing ideas regarding the role of the family in children’s literacy development, as well as in the appropriate curriculum for preschoolers. Both historical reviews and original documents pertinent to the various historical trends are used to provide the current synthesis. Conclusions The roots of most current practices during, and controversies regarding, the preliteracy period of development can be traced to a variety of different historical events, as well as to prominent philosophers and educators. Famil...
Unscheduled Parenthood: Transition to ‘Parent’ for the Teenager

The unscheduled transition into parenthood for the teenager is discussed from 3 perspectives: the transition to 1st time parenthood accelerated role transitions and the crisis of adding new family members. The literatures of these 3 areas are reviewed with special attention to variables that may be associated with progress toward personal and family goals. The teenagers family of origin may both contribute to and benefit from an adaptive response to the crisis of unscheduled teenage parenthood. (authors) (ANNOTATION)
Desalination research — current needs and approaches — A U.S. perspective

Abstract This paper documents the results from a questionnaire and two workshops sponsored by the Bureau of Reclamation and the National Water Supply Improvement Association. The questionnaire and workshops were used to obtain information from industry experts on research and development needs in the field of desalting. Information gathered indicates that research needs fall into two broad categories; general research needs (education, legislative, environmental), and technical research needs. This paper also provides information on current research efforts by the Bureau of Reclamation to help meet those needs.
Blue Electroluminescence from Oxadiazole Grafted Poly(phenylene-ethynylene)s

Blue poly(phenylene-ethynylene) (PPE) electroluminescence is achieved in a single layer organic light emitting device. The polymeric system consists of an oxadiazole grafted PPE, which combines the necessary charge transport properties while maintaining the desirable efficient, narrow light-emitting properties of the PPE. Incorporation of a pentiptycene scaffold within the PPE structure prevents ground-state and excited-state interactions between the pendent oxadiazole units and the conjugated backbone.
The Rapid-Sampling Vertical Profiler - An evaluation

Evaluation of the Rapid-Sampling Vertical Profiler, which was developed for sampling the hydrophysical fields in the upper ocean from a moving vessel, shows that the instrument is useful for near-microscale measurements of temperature and salinity and also for turbulent kinetic energy dissipation measurements with airfoil probes. A depth of 200 meters is reached from a ship moving at 6 knots. The vertical resolution is 3 cm, the temperature resolution is 0.5 millidegrees, the salinity resolution is 0.6 parts per million, and the sigma-t resolution is 0.0004. (The estimates given for resolution are 99 percent confidence limits on series of 3-cm samples.) The instrument falls with a speed uniform within 20 percent in an orientation within a few degrees of vertical. Vibrations within the dissipation range of turbulence are sufficiently small to permit the measurement of turbulence with airfoil probes in many regions of the ocean.
Analytical methods for reserpine

The determination of the physical constants of reserpine, methods of analysis, andseparation and identification by paper chromatography are given.These methodsare shown to be applicable to the analysis of the pure compound, crude root ex-tracts, and pharmaceutical preparations.
A Guide for Nursing Home Social Workers (2nd ed.), by Elise M. Beaulieu

This book is intended as a handbook for nursing home social workers, many of whom work alone as the sole social worker in a facility and lack specific training in aging. These social workers may no...
Modulated reflectance and absorption characterization of single crystal GaN films

The results of the first application of electrolyte electroreflectance and photoreflectance to single crystal films of gallium nitride grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy on sapphire are presented. Absorption measurements were also performed and used to complement the results of the other techniques. The crystalline quality of the samples was evaluated, and the effects of impurity reductions and different nucleation processes were studied.
PATTERNS OF CARE FOR INPATIENTS ADMITTED WITH HEART FAILURE

Congestive heart failure deaths in the U.S. range from 27-57 per 1,000 admissions. The estimated total cost of heart failure in 2010 was $39.2 billion dollars, accounting for 1-2% of health care spending. To better control costs we need to know more about specific patterns of care for inpatient
Accurate and simple CMOS 'one-over' circuit

Experimental results and analysis of a simple, highly linear CMOS circuit to compute a ‘one-over’ function are presented. This circuit capitalises on the linear region operation of an MOS transistor. Nonlinearity is found to be primarily produced by mobility degradation, but is easily cancelled. The circuit requires limited component matching and it operates with 8 bit accuracy for a wide input and output range.
Simple visual reaction time: Sex and age differences

Although motor slowing is considered to reflect age‐related changes in the central nervous system, simple visual reaction time (SVRT) is considered a weak indicator of aging. A group of 176 healthy men and women, 40 to 90 years old, performed 44 trials on an SVRT task in which the stimulus occurred at random intervals of 1 to 10 sec. Sex and age accounted for a significant proportion of the variance of minimum (best motor performance) and truncated mean reaction times of the 44 responses. Men were consistently faster than women over all decades. Depression, personality traits, mental status, practice, or fatigue did not account for the difference in performance. SVRT is sensitive to sex differences and to aging of the nervous system.
Analytical Prediction of Fan/Compressor Noise

The authors present an analytical treatment of the blade passing frequency noise generated in fans and compressors and describe, briefly, a theoretical model of the noise generation mechanisms, based on unsteady aerodynamics coupled with spinning mode theory. They show how the blade passing frequency noise is basically related to the aerodynamics and the geometry of the turbomachinery and present a numerical solution of the three-dimensional wave equation. The results of a study on sound transmission in a turbomachinery duct indicate that the length of the inlet/exhaust duct, as well as the duct configuration, can be of primary importance relative to sound transmission for certain areas of engine operation. The theoretical model is successfully checked against the experimental results obtained on a number of General Electric and NASA fans and compressors.Copyright © 1969 by ASME
Optical gain and laser action in rhodamine-doped solid state PT-ORMOSIL composites

Optical gain and photostability have been investigated for several orange/red rhodamine laser dyes (RLDs) doped in the polydimethylsiloxane and tetraethoxysilane derived organically modified silicate (PT-ORMOSIL) composites. The RLDs in PT-ORMOSILs exhibit gain and stability comparable to those in methanol solution while substantially better than in the PMMA matrix. Broadband laser oscillations have been achieved in a free-running resonator with Rh610/PT-ORMOSIL as the gain medium. The lasing threshold and slope efficiency are found to be approximately 8 (mu) J and approximately 30%, respectively.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Somatosensory response properties of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in rat motor cortex

In sensory cortical networks, peripheral inputs differentially activate excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Inhibitory neurons typically have larger responses and broader receptive field tuning comp...
Does chronic kidney disease modify the association between body mass index and cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Background: Excess weight is paradoxically associat- ed with better cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes and mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) pa- tients treated with hemodialysis. This association has been observed in chronic kidney disease (CKD) as well. One potential explanation for this inverse relationship is that the usual positive correlation between severity of CVD risk factors and higher body mass index (BMI) is reversed in CKD. To test this hypothesis, we deter- mined the relationship between BMI and CVD risk fac- tors in patients with and without CKD. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of the na- tionally representative US National Health and Nutri- tion Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2006. CKD was defined as glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 . Covariates were age, race/ethnicity, sex and use of relevant prescription medications. Out- come variables were total cholesterol, LDL cholester- ol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pres- sure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), C-reactive protein (CRP) and fasting glucose (FG). Results: There were 1,895 and 32,431 patients with and without CKD, respectively. Those with CKD were older and had higher BMI. The shapes of the association between BMI and total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, SBP, CRP and FG were similar in those with or without CKD. In a sensitivity analysis excluding patients taking relevant prescription medications, our results did not differ substantially. Conclusions: CKD did not alter the shapes of the asso- ciation between higher BMI and CVD risk factors. In- verse associations between BMI and CVD risk factors are unlikely to explain why CKD patients with higher BMI may have better outcomes.
193-nm single-layer positive resists: building etch resistance into a high-resolution imaging system

Our approach to the design of positive, single layer resists for 193 nm lithography is discussed. Phenolic resins, the archetype in positive photoresist materials, cannot be used at this wavelength due to optical opacity. Methacrylate polymers combine the required optical transparency at 193 nm with easily tailored properties, however. The methacrylate polymer materials used in our 193 nm resists are completely different from phenolics used in traditional (248 nm) chemically amplified resists but the imaging chemistry is very similar. With a design based on methacrylate terpolymers, we have recently developed a high resolution positive resist for 193 nm lithography with excellent imaging at both 193 and 248 nm. Our recent work has centered on gaining further insight into methacrylate polymer structure/property relationships, improving the imaging performance and finally increasing the etch resistance. Towards that end, we have developed a class of dissolution inhibitors for 193 nm resists that are combined with methacrylate polymers to provide 3-component resists. A family of B- steroid dissolution inhibitors that also increase etch resistance is described. Imaging and etch performance of four versions of our resist are disclosed. These methacrylate resists show resolution capability below 0.25 micron, etch rates 20% higher than novolak resins, good environmental stability in contrast to traditional DUV resists and dual wavelength (193/248) imaging.
Precise chronology of the last interglacial period: 234U-230Th data from fossil coral reefs in the Bahamas

A detailed study of ^(238)U-^(234)U-^(230)Th ages was made for different coral species from two Bahamian reefs to determine the time scale of the sea-level high during the last interglacial period, using recently developed mass spectrometric techniques for the measurement of U and Th isotopes. Thirty-seven coral samples were analyzed in replicate. Typical errors at 125 ky are ±1.5 ky (2σ), and 3-ky time intervals appear to be well resolved. This high precision permits detailed chronologic study with time resolution adequate to define stages of the reef's history. These data demonstrate that the time between transgression and regression of the ocean in the last interglacial was about 12 ky, after which sea level fell rapidly at more than ∼2 m/ky. The high sea-level stand began possibly by 132 ky and certainly by 129 ky ago, when sea level reached ∼6 m above present mean low sea level. High sea level was sustained until 120 ky and then fell rapidly. This time period covers the Milankovitch insolation peak at 65°N but is not sharply defined, and the sea-level high lasted from about 4 ky before the insolation peak to 8 ky after it. We find no evidence for a double peak of sea-level rise in the last interglacial episode (that is, high stands at both ∼125 and 142 ky). There appears to be some discrepancy between this precise chronology for a coral reef on a tectonically stable platform and the chronology assigned to deep-sea sediments. The present results show that the duration of the last interglacial led to a 12-ky period of high sea-level stand which is much longer than the insolation peak. The study area consists of two sizeable bank/barrier coral reefs of Sangamon age that crop out along the coast northwest of Cockburn Town on San Salvador Island and at Devil's Point on Great Inagua Island. The initial stage of reef development is not revealed at either site, but the main parts of both reefs are well preserved. At Cockburn Town, the beginning of the reef was marked by colonization of Acropora palmata on hardground areas and possibly other corals at 132 ky ago. Patch reefs at the southeastern flank of the developing reef were growing by 129 to 126 ky ago. By 126 to 123 ky ago, the crest of the reef was formed by the frame-building coral A. palmata, and associated patch reefs flourished along its flanks. A. palmata coral heads grew upward to a mean low sea level ∼6 m above the present one. The reef began to decline as sea level dropped at about 123 to 120 ky ago. Near two measured profiles at Devil's Point, the top of a rubblestone, dominated by A. cervicornis, and patch-reef corals preserved in growth position have been beveled off and represent an ancient wave-cut surface. ^(230)Th ages on corals below and above this surface indicate that it was cut at about 125 ± 1 ky ago.
A finite lattice without critical triple that cannot be embedded into the enumerable Turing degrees

We exhibit a finite lattice without critical triple that cannot be embedded into the enumerable Turing degrees. Our method promises to lead to a full characterization of the finite lattices embeddable into the enumerable Turing degrees.
The role of the c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1/2 and receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 in furosemide-induced liver injury.

Abstract1. The mechanisms of furosemide (FS) hepatotoxicity were explored in mice. Specifically, C57Bl/6 J mice were treated with 500 mg FS/kg bodyweight, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) expression were measured by western blotting. Co-treatment with FS and the JNK inhibitor SP600125 was also performed, and FS-induced liver injury was compared in wild-type and RIP3 knockout (KO) mice.2. JNK phosphorylation and RIP3 expression were increased in livers from the FS-treated mice as early as 6 h after treatment and persisted until at least 24 h. JNK phosphorylation was also observed in primary mouse hepatocytes and human HepaRG cells treated with FS.3. Phosphorylated JNK translocated into mitochondria in livers, but no evidence of mitochondrial damage was observed.4. SP600125-treated mice, SP600125 co-treated primary mouse hepatocytes and RIP3 KO mice were not protected against FS hepatotoxicity. These data show that, although JNK activation and RIP...
The need for management development in health care institutions.

(1978). The Need for Management Development in Health Care Institutions. Hospital Topics: Vol. 56, No. 5, pp. 26-31.
Isotopically controlled germanium: A new medium for the study of carrier scattering by neutral impurities

Abstract The Hall mobility of carriers in isotopically pure Ge crystals, doped by neutron transmutation, has been measured over a wide temperature range. Our experimental data allow quantitative comparison with theory. We find that at temperatures below 20 K the mobility is limited by neutral impurity scattering and it can be quantitatively described by the theory of McGill and Baron.
Differences in extracellular dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens during response-dependent and response-independent cocaine administration in the rat

Studies indicate that nucleus accumbens (NAcc) dopamine neurotransmission is involved in the reinforcing and direct effects of cocaine. The present study was initiated to explore further the relationship of NAcc extracellular dopamine concentrations ([DA]e) and cocaine self-administration using a yoked littermate design. In the first experiment, one rat from each litter was trained to self-administer cocaine i.v. (SA: 0.33 mg/inf) under a fixed ratio 2 schedule, while a second rat received simultaneous infusions of cocaine yoked to the infusions of the SA (YC). NAcc [DA]e and cocaine concentrations ([COC]) were assessed during the test sessions using in vivo microdialysis combined with microbore HPLC procedures. [DA]e and [COC] were significantly elevated in the SA and YC groups during the self-administration session; however, [DA]e were greater in the SA group compared to the YC group in the first hour of the session, even though [COC] were not significantly different. On the following day, the rats previously allowed to self-administer cocaine were administered response-independent cocaine infusions yoked to the infusion pattern from the previous day. [DA]e were significantly elevated above baseline levels during the session but were significantly less than concentrations obtained when cocaine was self-administered by these subjects. [COC] during the sessions were not significantly different between the two days. Baseline [DA]e were not significantly different between the SA and YC groups or between Day 1 and Day 2. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the in vitro probe recovery between one and two days following probe implantation. These results suggest that the context in which cocaine was administered significantly altered the neurochemical response to equivalent brain concentrations of cocaine. NAcc [DA]e was significantly increased when the delivery of cocaine infusions was contingent on the behavior of the rat, indicative of a role in the neural processes underlying cocaine reinforcement.
EXPERIMENTAL ADENOVIRUS HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE IN YEARLING BLACK-TAILED DEER

An apparently novel adenovirus was associated with an epizootic of hemorrhagic disease that is believed to have killed thousands of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in California (USA) during 1993—1994. A systemic vasculitis with pulmonary edema and hemorrhagic enteropathy or a localized vasculitis associated with necrotizing stomatitis/pharyngitis/glossitis or osteomyelitis of the jaw were common necropsy findings in animals that died during this epizootic. Six black-tailed yearling deer (O. hemionus columbianus) were inoculated with purified adenovirus isolated from a black-tailed fawn that died of acute adenovirus hemorrhagic disease during the epizootic. Three of six inoculated deer also received intramuscular injections of dexamethasone sodium phosphate every 3 days during the study. Eight days post-inoculation, one deer (without dexamethasone) developed bloody diarrhea and died. Necropsy and histopathologic findings were identical to lesions in free-ranging animals that died of the natural disease. H...
Interspecies Sex and Taste

Different species of fruit flies share habitats but are believed to mate with each other only rarely. In this issue, Fan et al. show that interspecies mating is inhibited by the taste receptor Gr32a (Gustatory receptor 32a) and a neural circuit in which it functions.
A sensitive new method for rapid detection of abnormal methylation patterns in global DNA and within CpG islands.

To assess alterations in DNA methylation density in both global DNA and within CpG islands, we have developed a simple method based on the use of methylation-sensitive restriction endonucleases that leave a 5' guanine overhang after DNA cleavage, with subsequent single nucleotide extension with radiolabeled [(3)H]dCTP. The methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes HpaII and AciI have relatively frequent recognition sequences at CpG sites that occur randomly throughout the genome. BssHII is a methylation sensitive enzyme that similarly leaves a guanine overhang, but the recognition sequence is nonrandom and occurs predominantly at unmethylated CpG sites within CpG islands. The selective use of these enzymes can be used to screen for alterations in genome-wide methylation and CpG island methylation status, respectively. The extent of [(3)H]dCTP incorporation opposite the exposed guanine after restriction enzyme treatment is directly proportional to the number of unmethylated (cleaved) CpG sites. The "cytosine-extension assay" has several advantages over existing methods because (a) radiolabel incorporation is independent of the integrity of the DNA, (b) methylation detection does not require PCR amplification or DNA methylase reactions, and (c) it is applicable to ng quantities of DNA. Using DNA extracted from normal human liver and from human hepatocellular carcinoma, the applicability of the assay is demonstrated by the detection of an increase in genome-wide hypomethylation and CpG island hypermethylation in the tumor DNA.
The role of location for family reunification during disasters

After large-scale disasters, displaced or injured people can lose contact with their family and friends. In an effort to mitigate the effects of these events, the US National Library of Medicine has developed People Locator, a Web-based system that allows family members to search for missing persons. The purpose of this paper is to describe the role of location in family reunification systems, in particular in People Locator, and the data input technologies that support it.
Spinal network of the Mauthner cell.

Most swimming vertebrates, particularly fishes and amphibians, avoid predators by producing an escape behavior initiated by a single action potential in one of a pair of cells, the Mauthner cells, loc
Fair tests of clinical trials: A treatment implementation model

Abstract We propose a psychotherapy treatment implementation model whereby adequate levels of independent treatment components (delivery, receipt, and enactment) are prerequisite to asserting whether a valid clinical trial has been conducted. The delivery component refers to the accuracy of treatment presentation, receipt refers to the accuracy of the client's comprehension of treatment, and enactment refers to the extent of out of session application initiated by the client. Clinical scientists regularly address one or two of these components, but rarely all three, according to a survey we report. Sources and effects of model deficits, i.e., inadequate levels of treatment components, as well as methods of component assessment and induction, are discussed. We conclude that faults in any one of the components drain validity proportional to the degree of deficit, and that clinical trials have often incorrectly been considered fair tests, resulting in biased efficacy judgments.
The Influence of Family Reunification Services on Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Permanency Outcomes for Children in the Child Welfare System

This study examined racial/ethnic differences in mothers' use of court-mandated family reunification services, including parent training, substance abuse treatment, and mental health treatment; and the influence of these services on racial/ethnic disparities on two permanency outcomes: family reunification and length of time in the child welfare system. Methods included a retrospective design using in-depth case record review and administrative data (N = 403). Results indicated racial/ethnic differences in service use and permanency outcomes. Across racial/ethnic groups, substance abuse treatment was associated with a shorter length of time in the child welfare system. Implications for child welfare services among racially/ethnically diverse families are discussed.
On the use of anthropometry in the invariant analysis of human actions

We propose a novel approach to matching human actions using semantic correspondence between human bodies with an eye towards invariant analysis of activity. The correspondences are used to provide geometric constraints between multiple anatomical landmarks (e.g. hands, shoulders and feet) to match actions performed from different viewpoints and in different environments. The fact that the human body has certain anthropometric proportion allows innovative use of the machinery of epipolar geometry to provide constraints to accurately analyze actions performed by different people leading to some interesting results. Temporally invariant matching is performed, using non-linear time warping, to ensure that similar actions performed at different rates are accurately matched as well. Thus, the proposed algorithm guarantees that both temporal and view invariance is maintained in matching. We demonstrate the versatility of our algorithm in a number of challenging sequences and applications.