cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prothrombotic Risk Factors in the Evaluation and Management of Perinatal Stroke

The ischemia in children affected by perinatal stroke has long been thought to be driven by nonhematologic maternal and perinatal events. New information from clinical studies, however, tells us that plasma-phase risk factors, such as factor V Leiden, elevated lipoprotein (a), and mutations in MTHFR, may be important in the pathogenesis of perinatal stroke, if not always in the risk of recurrence. With regard to stroke recurrence, this risk is only about 2% according to the largest follow-up study to date, and certainly less than 5%. Nonetheless, when strokes do recur, they tend to be associated with the presence of plasma-phase risk factors in the affected child, suggesting that a small percentage of children with a first perinatal stroke may benefit from anticoagulation therapy, both to prevent stroke recurrence as well as occurence of a second, non-CNS thrombotic event. Counselling of parents with regard to subsequent pregnancies should always include medical management of systemic maternal disorders, such as diabetes, persistently elevated antiphospholipid antibodies, and inherited maternal hypercoagulability states.
Interuncal distance as a measure of hippocampal atrophy: normative data on axial MR imaging.

1 PURPOSE: To assess the effects of age and gender on the interuncal distance measured from MR images. METHODS: High-field strength MR images (axial) of 75 volunteers, 21-82 years old and free of neurologic disorders, ·were used to m easure the interuncal distance. RESULTS: The interunca l distance increased with age (r = 0 .66, P < .0001 ). The mean (SD) interuncal distance for all subjects was 21.4 (4) mm with a range of 12 to 29 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The interuncal distance in healthy subjects is unlikely to exceed 30 mm. Our data may be of clinical significance in view of a previous report stating that the interuncal distance may be enlarged in pathologic hippocampal degeneration, such as in patients w ith Alzheimer disease.
Microphase separation of mixed polymer brushes physisorbed on cylindrical surfaces

We present a self-consistent field theoretical study of phase separation in binary polymer brushes physisorbed on cylindrical surfaces under good solvent conditions. In agreement with earlier simulation and experimental work, we find that macrophase separation occurs for two immiscible polymers of the same length, while a chain length mismatch between two polymer types promotes microphase separation, with ring-shaped alternating stripes forming perpendicular to the cylinder axis. We observe that the width of the stripes increases with increasing immiscibility, increasing substrate curvature, decreasing mismatch in the chain length, and decreasing the amount of adsorbed polymer. We rationalize these observations by analyzing entropic and energetic contributions to the Helmholtz free energy of the system.
Biobased composite resins design for electronic materials

Biobased materials developed from triglyc- erides contain a large variety of structures, which makes it difficult to predict their properties. In this study, we used a structure-property relation to design biobased materials, both theoretically and experimentally. A general equation to predict the crosslink density in terms of the level of chemical functionalities of the triglycerides was derived and used as a design rule for high-crosslinked polymer materials. The twinkling fractal theory and the Clausius- Mossotti equation were used to guide two approaches of synthesis to improve the properties of the biobased ther- mosets: the biobased resin acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) was either crosslinked with divinylbenzene (DVB) or chemically modified by phthalic anhydride. The DVB-crosslinked resins had a 14-24 � C increase in their glass-transition temperatures (Tg 0 s), which was dependent on the crosslink densities. Tg increased linearly as the crosslink density increased. Phthalated acrylated epoxi- dized soybean oil (PAESO) had an 18-30% improvement in the modulus. The dielectric constants and loss tangents of both DVB-crosslinked AESO and PAESO were lower than conventional dielectrics used for printed circuit boards (PCBs). These results suggest that the new bio- based resins with lower carbon dioxide footprint are potential replacements for commercial petroleum-based dielectric materials for PCBs. V C 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 118: 3274-3283, 2010
Listen, listen, listen and listen: building a comprehension corpus and making it comprehensible

Listening comprehension input is necessary for language learning and acculturation. One approach to developing listening comprehension skills is through exposure to massive amounts of naturally occurring spoken language input. But exposure to this input is not enough; learners also need to make the comprehension corpus meaningful to their learning experience.
Stimulant Formulation and Motivation for Nonmedical Use of Prescription Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medications in a College‐Aged Population

There is relatively little research examining motives for nonmedical use (NMU) of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications and predictors of motivation. We present results of a secondary analysis of an Internet-based epidemiological survey to explore the relationship between stimulant formulation and motivation for NMU of ADHD stimulant medications in a college-aged population. Demographic predictors of motivation to engage in NMU were also explored to investigate the potential correlates of recreational versus performance-enhancement motivations. Respondents scoring higher on the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale were significantly more likely to engage in NMU of ADHD stimulant medications. Those using extended release (ER) stimulant formulations were less likely to endorse "staying awake" as a reason for NMU compared to those using immediate release (IR) stimulant formulations.
Renaissance of Nuclear Energy in the USA: Opportunities, Challenges and Future Research Needs

The future of nuclear energy is an important issue for many countries intending to reduce their dependence on fossil fuels and achieve the reduction targets for green house gas (GHG) emissions. As of June, 2008, there were 439 operating nuclear reactors with a total generating capacity of 372 GWe and 42 power reactors under construction in 15 countries. In the USA, a total of 104 nuclear reactors currently produce 20% of the electricity and account for at least 70% of all GHG-free electricity generation. Their performance has been improving steadily over the past 20 years and has now reached 90% capacity factor. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 authorized future nuclear R&D and provided incentives for construction of new nuclear plants. As a result, there are now 17 COL applications for construction of as many as 26 new reactors in the USA. This paper summarizes some of the opportunities, challenges and future research needs for achieving and sustaining nuclear renaissance in the USA.
GTP-dependent Regulation of Myometrial Kca Channels Incorporated into Lipid Bilayers

The regulation of calcium-activated K (KCa) channels by a G protein-mediated mechanism was studied. KCa channels were reconstituted in planar lipid bilayers by fusion of membrane vesicles from rat or pig myometrium. The regulatory process was studied by exploring the actions of GTP and GTP gamma S on single channel activity. KCa channels had a conductance of 260 +/- 6 pS (n = 25, +/- SE, 250/50 mM KCl gradient) and were voltage dependent. The open probability (Po) vs. voltage relationships were well fit by a Boltzmann distribution. The slope factor (11 mV) was insensitive to internal Ca2+. The half activation potential (V1/2) was shifted -70 mV by raising internal Ca2+ from pCa 6.2 to pCa 4. Addition of GTP or GTP gamma S activated channel activity only in the presence of Mg2+, a characteristic typical of G protein-mediated mechanisms. The Po increased from 0.18 +/- 0.08 to 0.49 +/- 0.07 (n = 7, 0 mV, pCa 6 to 6.8). The channel was also activated (Po increased from 0.03 to 0.37) in the presence of AMP-PNP, a nonphosphorylating ATP analogue, suggesting a direct G protein gating of KCa channels. Upon nucleotide activation, mean open time increased by a factor of 2.7 +/- 0.7 and mean closed time decreased by 0.2 +/- 0.07 of their initial values (n = 6). Norepinephrine (NE) or isoproterenol potentiated the GTP-mediated activation of KCa channels (Po increased from 0.17 +/- 0.06 to 0.35 +/- 0.07, n = 10). These results suggest that myometrium possesses beta-adrenergic receptors coupled to a GTP-dependent protein that can directly gate KCa channels. Furthermore, KCa channels, beta-adrenergic receptors, and G proteins can be reconstituted in lipid bilayers as a stable, functionally coupled, molecular complex.
Are persistent early onset child conduct problems predicted by the trajectories and initial levels of discipline practices

In the present investigation we focused on 2 broad sets of questions: Do parental overreactivity, laxness, and corporal punishment show evidence of normative change in early to middle childhood? Are persistently elevated child conduct problems (CPs) associated with deviations from normative changes in, as well as high initial levels of, discipline practices? Four hundred fifty-three couples with 3- to 7-year-old children were recruited via random digit dialing and studied at 3 annual assessments. Parents completed questionnaire measures of all study constructs. Normative declines were found in maternal corporal punishment and laxness. Maternal overreactivity showed a normative increase. For fathers, only corporal punishment showed evidence of a normative decline. The declines in mothers' corporal punishment and laxness, and in fathers' corporal punishment, exhibited little variability. In contrast, the trajectories of maternal overreactivity were significantly variable. High-increasing CPs were more common than low-stable CPs in families with greater increases in maternal overreactivity. High-increasing CPs were also more common in families with greater initial maternal overreactivity and corporal punishment. Yet in no case did discipline practices significantly distinguish children on high-increasing versus high-decreasing CPs trajectories. In tests of alternative models, child effects were found for all parenting variables, suggesting reciprocal causation. The findings are discussed relative to etiological models of CPs and implications for preventive intervention.
Gsα deficiency in adipose tissue improves glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity without an effect on body weight

Gsα, the G protein that transduces receptor-stimulated cAMP generation, mediates sympathetic nervous system stimulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT), which are both potential targets for treating obesity, as well as lipolysis. We generated a mouse line with Gsα deficiency in mature BAT and WAT adipocytes (Ad-GsKO). Ad-GsKO mice had impaired BAT function, absent browning of WAT, and reduced lipolysis, and were therefore cold-intolerant. Despite the presence of these abnormalities, Ad-GsKO mice maintained normal energy balance on both standard and high-fat diets, associated with decreases in both lipolysis and lipid synthesis. In addition, Ad-GsKO mice maintained at thermoneutrality on a standard diet also had normal energy balance. Ad-GsKO mice had improved insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, possibly secondary to the effects of reduced lipolysis and lower circulating fatty acid binding protein 4 levels. Gsα signaling in adipose tissues may therefore affect whole-body glucose metabolism in the absence of an effect on body weight.
Procedure for systematically tuning up cross-talk in the cross-resonance gate

We present improvements in both theoretical understanding and experimental implementation of the cross resonance (CR) gate that have led to shorter two-qubit gate times and interleaved randomized benchmarking fidelities exceeding 99%. The CR gate is an all-microwave two-qubit gate that does not require tunability and is therefore well suited to quantum computing architectures based on two-dimensional superconducting qubits. The performance of the gate has previously been hindered by long gate times and fidelities averaging 94--96%. We have developed a calibration procedure that accurately measures the full CR Hamiltonian. The resulting measurements agree with theoretical analysis of the gate and also elucidate the error terms that have previously limited gate fidelity. The increase in fidelity that we have achieved was accomplished by introducing a second microwave drive tone on the target qubit to cancel unwanted components of the CR Hamiltonian.
Chaetozone and Caulleriella (Polychaeta: Cirratulidae) from the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica, with description of eight new species

Polychaetes of the family Cirratulidae have often been poorly understood yet are very common and important components of intertidal and subtidal benthic communities. Five species of Chaetozone are here described from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. Three of these species, C. acuminata sp. nov., C. cimar sp. nov., and C. nicoyana sp. nov., are new to science while C. corona Berkeley & Berkeley, 1941 and C. hedgpethi Blake, 1996 were previously described from California. C. acuminata sp. nov. has an elongate peristomium, a narrow anterior body region and elongate unidentate spines; the upper notosetal and lower neurosetal spines may be bidentate. C. cimar sp. nov. has notopodial and neuropodial spines in the mid-body region and partially complete posterior cinctures. C. nicoyana sp. nov. has a double row of posterior notopodial spines with fine recurved tips. Five new species in the genus Caulleriella are also described: C. cucula sp. nov., C. dulcei sp. nov., C. minuta sp. nov., C. moralesensis sp. nov., and C. murilloi sp. nov. C. cucula sp. nov. has dark, prominent nuchal organs, notopodial spines from the midbody to the posterior body region, capillary setae accompanying the spines in posterior setigers, bidentate neuropodial spines throughout. C. dulcei sp. nov. has accompanying capillary setae in all parapodial lobes except the posterior neuropodia, and notopodial spines from the anterior to mid-body region. C. minuta sp. nov. is a very small species with neuropodial spines beginning at setiger 4, capillaries accompanying the spines in posterior notopodia and segment 1 fused with setiger 1. C. moralesensis sp. nov. has notopodial spines from the anterior region and capillaries accompanying spines in both the notopodia and neuropodia. C. murilloi sp. nov. has dorsal tentacles emerging from setiger 3 and highly modified bidentate spines with low, rounded teeth or an encircling hood. Morphological characters which best aid in the differentiation of species in each genus are discussed including the use of peristomial annulations as a morphological character.
A Model for Recovery Value in Default

The amount recovered in default is as important as default probability for estimating expected losses on risky assets and for determining fair credit spreads, yet recovery value has been much less well studied than default. Recent research has increased substantially information about recovery value in default. From those studies, principles have emerged regarding the influence of collateral, credit cycle, seniority, industry sector, credit quality, and geography on loss given default. This article presents a decision-tree model that embeds known determinants of recovery value. Simulations of historical default rates and correlated defaults using the model generate distributions of recovery values that replicate well the statistical properties of recovery values reported in the literature.
Partial Intersterility and Evidence of Allopatric Speciation in Exidiopsis Plumbescens (Exidiaceae)

Two partially intersterile populations of Exidiopsis plumbescens are documented by pairing tests and morphological analyses. One population, E. plumbescens var. plumbescens, extends from Vancouver,...
Action of Bacillus cereus toxins on chicken erythrocytes.

Conclusions1. Chicken erythrocytes exposed to the toxins of Bacillus cereus undergo a change in the surface of the cells which eventually leads to hemolysis. 2. Rabbit erythrocytes similarly treated are much more slowly altered by the toxins, but eventually do show a “fragility” change. 3. There is no significant change in the total lipid, total cholesterol or free cholesterol content of the experimental cells. 4. The experimental cells hemolyze more rapidly in solutions of non-electrolytes. 5. There is an increase in “fragility” and in the size of the experimental cells. 6. The toxins have no effect on the rate of shrinking of cells placed in 1.25× Ringer Locke following previous equilibration in 0.6 M dvcerol in Ringer Locke.
Comparative study on the efficacy and safety between immediate and selective PCI on STEMI patients with TIMI grade 3

【Objective】To evaluate the efficacy and safety between immediate and selective percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) with TIMI grade 3.【Methods】86 cases of patients with acute STEMI,which coronary angiography showed TIMI flow grade 3,were divided randomly into immediate PCI group(44 cases,PCI was implemented immediately when hospitalized) and selective PCI group(42 cases,PCI was implemented at 7～10 days after STEMI).The success rate of procedural implantation of stent,the incidence of intraoperative slow flow or no-reflow and adverse cardiovascular events during hospitalization,the hospitalized stay and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) at 4 weeks after PCI were observed.【Results】The success rate of stent implantation in the selective PCI group was 100%,significantly higher than 88.64% in the immediate PCI group(P 0.05).The incidence of intra-operative slow flow or no-reflow in immediate PCI group was 11.36%,while no case was found in selective PCI group(P 0.05).The rate of the adverse cardiovascular events during hospitalization was 4.54% in immediate PCI group,while no event was found in the selective PCI group(P 0.05),but LVEF at 4 weeks after PCI and the hospitalized time were not significant different between the both groups(P 0.05).【Conclusions】The findings suggested that selective PCI was better than immediate PCI in the clinical efficacy and security for STEMI patients with TIMI 3 blood flow.
Influenza Virus Surveillance in Panzhihua City in 2006

Objective To master epidemic features of influenza in Panzhihua City,so as to predict influenza well. Methods Blood samples of patients diagnosed as influenza were collected regularly,and influenza virus was isolated with MDCK cell, identified with haemagglutination and haemagglutination inhibition(HI) assay. Results (From Apr. 2006 to Mar. 2007,totally 26 strains of influenza virus had been isolated,i.e. Influenz virus(H1N1)14 strains,influenza virus(H3N2) 1 strain, and subtype B 11 strains including Bvictoria 6 strains , Byamagata 5 strains.In 2006,influenza virus(H1N1)was the superiority strain, but in 2007,subtype B was the superiority strain.Conclusion In 2007,disseminated type influenza subtype B may occurred in Panzhihua City.
Herniated Lumbar Disc and Lumbar Radiculopathy

The satisfactory outcome of arthroscopically and endoscopically assisted management of herniated lumbar discs hinges on accurate diagnosis of the symptom-producing site. Although the mean age of onset of symptoms of disc herniation is around 35 yr, disc herniations are occasionally observed in populations older than 60 or younger than 20 yr of age. In younger children, combined slippage of the intervertebral disc and the vertebral plates may be responsible for the presenting symptomatology.
Symptom profiles of autism spectrum disorder in tuberous sclerosis complex

To determine the extent to which deficits associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in toddlers with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) overlap with those in toddlers with nonsyndromic ASD (nsASD) and to examine cognitive function and epilepsy severity in toddlers with TSC and comorbid ASD. This is the endpoint analysis from a longitudinal investigation of ASD risk factors in children with TSC.Measures included the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), the Mullen Scales of Early Learning, and clinical epilepsy variables. A repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed with between-subjects factor of group (typically developing, TSC/no ASD, TSC/ASD, nsASD) and within-subjects factors of individual ADOS item scores in the social communication and repetitive behavior/restricted interest domains. Within the TSC group, comparisons of epilepsy characteristics and cognitive domains were performed using independent-samples t tests.Children with TSC/ASD demonstrated a profile of social communication impairment that had complete convergence with nsASD. Measured social communication impairments included gestures, pointing, eye contact, responsive social smile, and shared enjoyment. This convergence was observed despite the high comorbidity between ASD and cognitive impairment in TSC.This study supports the clinical diagnosis of ASD in young children with TSC and demonstrates remarkable convergence of autism symptoms between TSC/ASD and nsASD. Our results strongly suggest the need for early intervention in toddlers with TSC, with treatment strategies targeting social communication function as well as broader developmental domains, before the onset of autism symptoms.
Fractures Raising the Question of Abuse

Suspicious for abuse are metaphyseal corner fracture (classic metaphyseal lesions), which also may appear as bucket-handle fractures; fractures of different ages; and fractures of certain bones in infancy, including of the first rib and of tubular bones of the hands and feet. It takes at least 9 days for periosteal reaction or callus to appear on plain images; with the exception of the lung sides of ribs, where hematoma may be seen earlier. Causes of periosteal reaction other than abuse need also to be considered.
Lipid Disorders in the Elderly

Dyslipidemia is discussed. Lifestyle measures for treating dyslipidemia are discussed. The metabolic syndrome is discussed. The 2013 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) lipid guidelines state that ASCVD includes coronary artery disease, stroke, transient ischemic attack, and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) which includes carotid arterial disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm as well as PAD of the lower extremities. These guidelines use a Pooled Heart Equation to estimate the 10-year risk of developing ASCVD. The use of statins in treating dyslipidemia is discussed. The 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines for treating dyslipidemia are discussed.
[18F]FDG-PET Combined with MRI Elucidates the Pathophysiology of Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats.

Abstract Non-invasive measurements of brain metabolism using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) with positron emission tomography (PET) may provide important information about injury severity following traumatic brain injury (TBI). There is growing interest in the potential of combining functional PET imaging with anatomical and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of combining clinically available FDG-PET with T2 and diffusion MR imaging, with a particular focus on inflammation and the influence of glial alterations after injury. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats underwent a moderate controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury followed by FDG-PET, MRI, and histological evaluation. FDG uptake showed significant alterations in the corpus callosum, hippocampus, and amygdala after TBI, demonstrating that a relatively “focal” CCI injury can result in global alterations. Analysis of MRI T2 intensity and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) also showed significant al...
Integrative Therapeutic Approaches for the Management and Control of Nausea in Children Undergoing Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review of Literature:

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) continues to be a common symptom experienced by children undergoing cancer treatment despite the use of contemporary antiemetics. Integrative therapeutic approaches in addition to standard pharmacologic antiemetic regimes offer potential to control CINV. The purpose of this review was to identify current evidence on integrative therapeutic approaches for the control of CINV in children with cancer. Online search engines (PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO) were queried using MESH terms. Titles, abstracts, and then full-text articles were reviewed for relevance to the review. The search resulted in 53 studies. Twenty-one studies met our review criteria. Integrative therapies identified included acupuncture/acupressure, aromatherapy, herbal supplements, hypnosis, and other cognitive behavioral interventions. Our review identified little information on the effectiveness and safety of most integrative therapeutic approaches for the control and management of CINV in children with cancer. However, evidence from adult cancer studies and some pediatric studies identify promising interventions for further testing.
Automated synthesis of resiliency configurations for cyber networks

Enterprise networks deploy security devices to control access and limit potential threats. Due to the emergence of zero-day attacks, security device based isolation measures like access denial, trusted communication, and payload inspection are often not adequate for the resilient execution of an organization's mission. Diversity between two hosts in terms of operating systems and services running on these hosts is crucial for limiting the attack propagation. Since different software systems have different vulnerabilities, it is important to have the hosts diversified considering the isolation among the hosts as well as the mission requirements. In this paper, we present a formal model for synthesizing network resiliency configurations. The resiliency design integrates isolation and diversity measures. We take the network topology, resiliency requirements, and business constraints as inputs. Then, our proposed model synthesizes cost-effective resiliency configurations satisfying the constraints. The output of the model provides necessary placements of different security devices in the topology and necessary installments of operating systems and services on the hosts. We demonstrate the execution of the proposed model as well as their scalability using simulated experiments.
Exploring the link between handwashing proxy measures and child diarrhea in 25 countries in sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-sectional study

Handwashing (HW) with soap is considered the most cost-effective intervention for reducing the risk of child diarrhea, but reliable measurement of HW behaviors is difficult. This study examined the association between proxy HW measures and child diarrhea by analyzing nationally representative household survey data from 25 countries in sub-Saharan Africa ( n = 212,492). The main explanatory variable was the HW ladder, representing a varying level of availability of HW materials in the household, and the outcome variable was a 2-week prevalence of child diarrhea. We estimated the prevalence ratio of child diarrhea between children with a basic HW station and without a HW place. Our analysis revealed that availability of water and soap at a HW place was associated with both increased and decreased prevalence ratios: 0.89 (95% CI 0.79–0.99) in Chad, 0.82 (0.69–0.97) in Mauritania, 1.30 (1.02–1.66) in Burkina Faso, and 1.67 (1.20–2.33) in Ghana. After controlling for country-fixed effects, the prevalence ratio was 0.95 (0.92–0.99), suggesting a protective effect of having a HW station with water and soap. Availability of HW resources is an important indicator to prevent child diarrhea, and HW promotion programs should be tailored to the unique context of each country.
The Path to New Therapies for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Illness.

Schizophrenia and bipolar illness are two of the most serious forms of mental illness. Until relatively recently, almost nothing was known about the molecular pathogenesis of either illness. The si...
Acceptability of HIV Testing Among Jail Inmates When Combined With a Blood Test for Tuberculosis.

Incarcerated individuals are at high risk of HIV and tuberculosis (TB), though combined screening in the criminal justice system is limited. Newer blood tests for TB provide a unique opportunity to...
Case Study C: Complete Spontaneous Regression of Merkel Cell Carcinoma Metastatic to the Liver

A 58-year-old Caucasian man noted a small lesion on the right side of his neck in August of 2006. The papule, resembled an ingrown hair, was relatively uncomfortable and slowly increased in size. Three months later a reddish-purple nodule had grown to a diameter of 2 cm and was narrowly excised. Pathology revealed a nodular proliferation of atypical round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei displaying “salt and pepper” chromatin. Numerous mitotic figures were observed and there were both individual cell and en masse necrosis. Immunohistological staining indicated positivity for cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 20 (in a perinuclear dot-like pattern), neuron-specific enolase, and focal positivity for chromogranin and synaptophysin. The tumor cells were negative for TTF1 and S-100. On the basis of these results, a diagnosis of an unusual (cytokeratin 7 positive) Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) was made. Full body CT and Octreotide scans were performed 1 month later and showed no evidence of disease. The patient underwent a wide local re-excision and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNLB) 1 month later. Two of three sentinel nodes were positive and the following month he underwent a lymphatic dissection of the neck. None of the 39 nodes removed were positive for MCC. Two months later, the patient began radiation treatment at the primary site and draining lymph node basin with a total of 5,000 rads in 25 fractions. A PET scan 2 months after the completion of radiation therapy showed no evidence of disease.
State of the Practice: Assessing Water Quality Benefits from Street Sweeping

AbstractMunicipal separate storm sewer system (MS4) permittees face costly obligations to reduce pollutant of concern (POC) loadings for achieving waste load allocations (WLAs) assigned from total ...
Synthesis and the biological evaluation of the structural units of drummondin C

Drummondin C (1) is an antibiotic isolated from a bioassay-directed fractionation of Hypericum drummondii (Grev. & Hook.)T.&G. It showed significant activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and the acid-fast bacterium Mycobacterium smegmatis. Two structural units of drummondin C, the 8-acetyl-5,7-dihydroxy-2,2-dimethylchromene (6) and 5-acetyl-3-methyl-filicinic acid (9), were synthesized to determine the relative importance of the two substructure portions to the antibiotic activity of the compound. The low antimicrobial activity of 6 and 9 demonstrates the necessity of both units for the antibiotic activity of drummondin C.
SWI/SNF Complexes in Ovarian Cancer: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Implications

Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the developed world. Despite the unprecedented progress in understanding the genetics of ovarian cancer, cures remain elusive due to a lack of insight into the mechanisms that can be targeted to develop new therapies. SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes are genetically altered in approximately 20% of all human cancers. SWI/SNF alterations vary in different histologic subtypes of ovarian cancer, with ARID1A mutation occurring in approximately 50% of ovarian clear cell carcinomas. Given the complexity and prevalence of SWI/SNF alterations, ovarian cancer represents a paradigm for investigating the molecular basis and exploring therapeutic strategies for SWI/SNF alterations. This review discusses the recent progress in understanding SWI/SNF alterations in ovarian cancer and specifically focuses on: (i) ARID1A mutation in endometriosis-associated clear cell and endometrioid histologic subtypes of ovarian cancer; (ii) SMARCA4 mutation in small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type; and (iii) amplification/upregulation of CARM1, a regulator of BAF155, in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Understanding the molecular underpinning of SWI/SNF alterations in different histologic subtypes of ovarian cancer will provide mechanistic insight into how these alterations contribute to ovarian cancer. Finally, the review discusses how these newly gained insights can be leveraged to develop urgently needed therapeutic strategies in a personalized manner.
A model for predicting low probability of nonsentinel lymph node positivity in melanoma patients with a single positive sentinel lymph node

Background Identifying factors associated with nonsentinel lymph node (NSN) metastases in melanoma patients with a single positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) could aid decision making regarding adjuvant therapy. We describe a model for identifying patients with a single positive SLN at low risk for NSN metastasis. Methods Factors associated with NSN metastasis in patients with a primary cutaneous melanoma and a single positive SLN who underwent completion lymph node dissection (CLND) were identified. These factors were used to construct a model for predicting the NSN status. The model was validated using a separate data set from another tertiary referral cancer center. Results In the training data set, 111 patients had a single positive SLN. Of these, 27 had positive NSN. SLN tumor deposit diameter ≥0.75 mm (OR, 3.43; P = 0.047), age ≥40 (OR, 12.14; P = 0.024), and multifocal SLN tumor deposit location (OR, 4.16; P = 0.0096) were independently associated with NSN positivity. Patients with 0 to 1 of these risk factors had a low risk of NSN metastasis in both the training (7.5%) and validation (4.6%) data sets. Conclusions A combination of patient and SLN tumor burden characteristics can help to identify patients with a single positive SLN who are at a low risk of NSN metastasis.
Framing the Bicyclist: A Qualitative Study of Media Discourse about Fatal Bicycle Crashes:

This research examines the linguistic choices that frame relationships between bicyclists and other parties involved in fatal crash events. Textual data were collected from media reports of all bic...
Modulation of Target Antigen Density Improves CAR T-cell Functionality and Persistence

Purpose: Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART) therapy targeting CD22 induces remission in 70% of patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, the majority of post-CD22 CART remissions are short and associated with reduction in CD22 expression. We evaluate the implications of low antigen density on the activity of CD22 CART and propose mechanisms to overcome antigen escape. Experimental Design: Using ALL cell lines with variable CD22 expression, we evaluate the cytokine profile, cytotoxicity, and in vivo CART functionality in the setting of low CD22 expression. We develop a high-affinity CD22 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) as an approach to improve CAR sensitivity. We also assess Bryostatin1, a therapeutically relevant agent, to upregulate CD22 and improve CAR functionality. Results: We demonstrate that low CD22 expression negatively impacts in vitro and in vivo CD22 CART functionality and impairs in vivo CART persistence. Moreover, low antigen expression on leukemic cells increases naive phenotype of persisting CART. Increasing CAR affinity does not improve response to low-antigen leukemia. Bryostatin1 upregulates CD22 on leukemia and lymphoma cell lines for 1 week following single-dose exposure, and improves CART functionality and in vivo persistence. While Bryostatin1 attenuates IFNγ production by CART, overall in vitro and in vivo CART cytotoxicity is not adversely affected. Finally, administration of Bryostain1 with CD22 CAR results in longer duration of in vivo response. Conclusions: We demonstrate that target antigen modulation is a promising strategy to improve CD22 CAR efficacy and remission durability in patients with leukemia and lymphoma. See related commentary by Guedan and Delgado, p. 5188
Solvable extensions of the naturally graded quasi-filiform Leibniz algebra of second type L4

AbstractFor a sequence of the naturally graded quasi-filiform Leibniz algebra of second type L4 introduced by Camacho, Gomez, Gonzalez, and Omirov, all the possible right solvable indecomposable ex...
EXPERIENCES AND FACILITATORS OF FALLS PREVENTION AMONG ETHNICALLY DIVERSE OLDER ADULTS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Background: Falls increase as people age and decrease the quality of life. Even though fall interventions have received great attention, fall incidence rates have still arisen. In order for older adults to reap the benefits of evidence-based fall interventions, a challenge of implementation in the real world and right context must be met. Understanding experiences, facilitators, and barriers of fall prevention among four major ethnic groups in the Unites States could be extremely valuable. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe experiences and highlight facilitators and barriers on fall and fear of falling interventions among ethnically diverse community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Four ethnically specified (African American, Asian, Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White) focus groups were conducted. A total of 28 older adults and four family caregivers were interviewed. Interviews covered experiences on falls and fear of falling, attitudes, factors, consequences, risk assessment, and interventions. Data were organized and analyzed with the NViVo software. Results: Falls related experiences and behaviors were multifaceted and varied. Three themes related to falls experiences and behaviors were identified, 1) falls prevention versus fear of falling amplification; 2) role identity, culture and family considerations; and 3) take care of you, take care of me. Facilitators of fall prevention were integration of individual learning within a group meeting, providing appropriate assistive devices and promoting environmental safety. Barriers were inconsistent fall risk assessments, low fall risk awareness and acknowledgment, and balance and visual impairment.
Pre-deployment predictors of suicide attempt during and after combat deployment: Results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers.

Abstract Background Deployment-related experiences might be risk factors for soldier suicides, in which case identification of vulnerable soldiers before deployment could inform preventive efforts. We investigated this possibility by using pre-deployment survey and administrative data in a sample of US Army soldiers to develop a risk model for suicide attempt (SA) during and shortly after deployment. Methods Data came from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers Pre-Post Deployment Survey (PPDS). Soldiers completed a baseline survey shortly before deploying to Afghanistan in 2011–2012. Survey measures were used to predict SAs, defined using administrative and subsequent survey data, through 30 months after deployment. Models were built using penalized regression and ensemble machine learning methods. Results Significant pre-deployment risk factors were history of traumatic brain injury, 9 + mental health treatment visits in the 12 months before deployment, young age, female, previously married, and low relationship quality. Cross-validated AUC of the best penalized and ensemble models were .75–.77. 21.3–40.4% of SAs occurred among the 5–10% of soldiers with highest predicted risk and positive predictive value (PPV) among these high-risk soldiers was 4.4–5.7%. Conclusions SA can be predicted significantly from pre-deployment data, but intervention planning needs to take PPV into consideration.
Poor Sleep Quality in Crohn's Disease Is Associated With Disease Activity and Risk for Hospitalization or Surgery.

Background and aims Poor sleep quality in Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with histologic activity and clinical relapse. We sought to characterize sleep dysfunction and determine the effect of poor sleep quality on risk for hospitalization and surgery. Methods Clinical data were collected for CD subjects including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Harvey-Bradshaw index (HBI). The PSQI score and a brief medical history were obtained for control subjects. The PSQI and HBI correlation was tested at an initial clinic visit and at follow-up. Crohn's disease subjects with and without poor sleep were compared for risk of hospitalization or surgery by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards. Results Ninety-two CD and 82 control subjects were included. Crohn's disease and control subjects shared similar baseline characteristics and PSQI (8.3 vs 7.8, P = 0.31), and 77% of the CD population had PSQI >5. Crohn's disease subjects with PSQI >5 more often had inflammatory phenotypes and reported increased benzodiazepine and psychiatric medication use. Crohn's disease subjects with PSQI >5 also reported more night awakenings due to pain and bathroom use. The PSQI correlated with HBI (r = 0.256, P = 0.014), and ΔPSQI on follow-up correlated with ΔHBI (r = 0.47, P = 0.002). Cox proportional hazards model for hospitalization or surgery showed that PSQI >8 was predictive of surgery or hospitalization (hazards ratio 5.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.39-27.54). Conclusion There is a high burden of poor sleep quality in CD, which is associated with risk for adverse outcomes. Sleep quality may identify CD patients at risk for complications and have prognostic value in CD.
Trauma and the metaphor of oppression.

ABSTRACTIn his early writings, Freud thought of trauma in two very different ways. The term could refer to any experience that is subjectively unbearable, or, as epitomized by the seduction hypothe...
A PH Distributed Production Inventory Model with Different Modes of Service and MAP Arrivals

This paper studies a production inventory model with retrial of customers under (s, S) policy. The arrival of customers is according to a Markovian Arrival Process with representation (D0, D1) and service times follow an exponential distribution. The production process follows a phase-type distribution. When the inventory level reduces to a pre-assigned level s due to demands, production starts and service is given at a reduced rate. This reduced rate continuous up to the zero level of inventory. The arriving customers are directed to a buffer of finite capacity equal to the current inventory level. An arriving customer, who notices the buffer full, proceeds to an orbit of infinite capacity with some probability and decides to leave the system with the complementary probability. An orbiting customer may retry from the orbit and inter-retrial times are exponentially distributed with linear rate. Various system performance measures of the model are defined. A suitable cost function is constructed and analyzed algorithmically. The optimum (s, S) pair is obtained. The effect of correlation between two successive inter-arrival times is also analyzed.
Antimicrobial Copper Cold Spray Coatings and SARS-CoV-2 Surface Inactivation

This article contextualizes how the antimicrobial properties and antipathogenic contact killing/inactivating performance of copper cold spray surfaces and coatings and can be extended to the COVID-19 pandemic as a preventative measure. Specifically, literature is reviewed in terms of how copper cold spray coatings can be applied to high-touch surfaces in biomedical as well as healthcare settings to prevent fomite transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through rapidly inactivating SARS-CoV-2 virions after contaminating a surface. The relevant literature on copper-based antipathogenic coatings and surfaces are then detailed. Particular attention is then given to the unique microstructurally-mediated pathway of copper ion diffusion associated with copper cold spray coatings that enable fomite inactivation.
Metastasis to ipsilateral medial retropharyngeal and deep cervical lymph nodes in 22 dogs with thyroid carcinoma.

Objective To determine the rate of nodal metastasis to the medial retropharyngeal (MRP) and deep cervical lymph nodes in dogs surgically treated for thyroid carcinoma. Study design Retrospective study. Animals Twenty-two client-owned dogs. Methods Medical records between July 2015 and October 2019 at the Universities of Missouri and Florida were reviewed. Dogs that underwent thyroidectomy with concurrent elective MRP lymphadenectomy ± deep cervical lymphadenectomy were included. Tumor site, preoperative staging, and histopathological findings were recorded. Results Twenty-two dogs with 26 total thyroid carcinomas were included. Primary tumors were lateralized in 19 dogs, bilateral in two dogs, and bilateral and midline ectopic in one dog. All dogs underwent ipsilateral MRP resection, including bilateral resection in dogs with bilateral tumors. Three contralateral MRP lymph nodes were excised from dogs with unilateral carcinomas. Four deep cervical lymph nodes and one superficial cervical lymph node were excised. Metastases were identified in 14 lymph nodes in 10 of 22 (45%) dogs. All four excised deep cervical lymph nodes and one contralateral MRP lymph node were identified as metastatic. Size of deposit could be classified in 13 of 14 metastatic lymph nodes. Macrometastasis was detected in seven lymph nodes, micrometastasis was detected in one node, and isolated tumor cells were detected in five lymph nodes. Conclusion Regional metastasis was common within the lymph nodes sampled in this population of dogs with thyroid carcinoma. Clinical significance These results provide evidence to justify further exploration of a larger population to verify the rate of regional metastasis and determine the prognostic impact of nodal metastasis.
Renewing Self-Directed Learning in E-Learning Experiences

The possibilities for meaningful elearning experiences are endless, yet intentional work must be done to see that students are engaged and motivated. Through the fundamental elements of self-directed learning, students and teachers can forge new paths in education and create a bright future for teaching and learning online.
Tax Equality for Immigrants: The Indispensable Ingredient for Remedying Child Poverty in the United States:

Both at the federal and state levels, tax credits have proved effective policy instruments to combat poverty, and they are at the heart of President Biden's massive initiative on childhood poverty....
A test for heteroscedasticity in functional linear models

We propose a new test to validate the assumption of homoscedasticity in a functional linear model. We consider a minimum distance measure of heteroscedasticity in functional data, which is zero in the case where the variance is constant and positive otherwise. We derive an explicit form of the measure, propose an estimator for the quantity, and show that an appropriately standardized version of the estimator is asymptotically normally distributed under both the null (homoscedasticity) and alternative hypotheses. We extend this result for residuals from functional linear models and develop a bootstrap diagnostic test for the presence of heteroscedasticity under the postulated model. Moreover, our approach also allows testing for “relevant” deviations from the homoscedastic variance structure and constructing confidence intervals for the proposed measure. We investigate the performance of our method using extensive numerical simulations and a data example.