cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Increased Oil Recovery by Permeability Modification in High Permeability Contrast Slim Tubes

Biofilm and biopolymers produced from microbes have been shown to reduce the permeability of high perm streaks which can result in improved sweep efficiency. The rate of permeability modification is very reproducible but can vary depending on the specific treatments used. Our approach has been to inoculate the reservoir with a microbe that under the optimal nutrient conditions will express a biopolymer as a film, reduce the size of pore throats and reduce the apparent permeability. The microbe and the nutrients are tailored to the conditions of each reservoir thus giving MEOR the greatest chance for success. In this paper we describe the use of a high permeability contrast composite slim tube to demonstrate increased oil recovery using microbes that generate biofilms to reduce the permeability contrast and thus improve sweep efficiency. In this setup, three hydraulically constrained slim tubes ‐ working as very long sand packs ‐ were constructed from different sources of sand with a range of particle size distributions. Absolute and differential pressure transducers were used to monitor the pressure drop across individual slim tubes and across the composite configuration of the three slim tubes. Oil traps were located at the exit of each slim tube to measure the oil production from each tube. The permeabilities of the slim tubes against a high salt injection brine (TDS ~ 85,000 ppm) were measured to be 45, 4.5 and 2.6 Darcy. This presented a challenging system with a slim tube at a very high permeability that would need to be reduced by the MEOR treatment. Oil (viscosity of ~58 cp) was pumped independently into each slim tube to assure that each slim tube was at residual water saturation. The slim tubes were allowed to age before the start of the test. Once working in composite mode the flows of the injected brine and MEOR treatments were dictated only by the hydraulics of the composite slim tube. The produced fluids from all three slim tubes were sent to a single back pressure regulator. In the composite mode, oil was readily produced only from the high permeability slim tube during the initial (non-MEOR) flooding sequence. A salt tolerant microbe present in the target oil reservoir capable of producing biofilms and altering the permeability was inoculated into the composite slim tube. The inoculated microbes were batch fed periodically using a protocol that was scaled down from one that would be used in a field test. An increase in the pressure drop and corresponding increase in oil production from the lower permeable slim tubes was observed as a result of the treatment. This resulted in a dramatic increase in the recovery factor from the composite slim tube. This work is a continuation of tests described in earlier papers (SPE129657, SPE146483 and SPE159128 ‐ references 4, 5 and 6).
The relationship of intermediate- and deep-focus seismicity to the hydration and dehydration of subducting slabs

Previous studies suggest that intermediate- and deep-focus earthquakes in subducting slabs may result from dehydration reactions. We investigate the importance of dehydration in facilitating intermediateand deep-focus earthquakes by comparing the seismicity rate with the calculated slab dehydration flux (van Keken et al., 2011) as a function of depth in 56 subduction zones worldwide. For each region, the seismicity rate per km of trench length per year as a function of depth between 1990 and 2009 was determined from the Preliminary Determination of Epicenters (PDE) catalog. The number of earthquakes between 75 and 240 km depth was compared to the calculated slab dehydration flux in 25 km increments. Deeper than 240 km, dehydration rates were not calculated, so seismicity is instead compared to the calculated flux of water that remains mineralogically bound in the slab at that depth. No strong correlation between the dehydration flux and the seismicity rate was found at any depth. This suggests that some factor besides the presence of water, such as the stress state of the slab, controls intermediate-focus seismicity. For depths greater than 240 km, there is a correlation between the amount of mineralogically-bound H 2 O and the seismicity rate. In particular, although deep slabs with small amounts of bound water show a wide range of seismicity rates (and many have no seismicity whatsoever), all deep slabs with appreciable water transported below 240 km show significant seismicity. We conclude that the presence of water may be a necessary condition for deep seismicity in conjunction with other factors. We also note that slab temperature and dehydration are linked. Traditionally the limitations on deep earthquake occurrence have been linked to temperature, but this study suggests that similar arguments can be made linking deep earthquakes with the presence of water.
Adding to contingent-reward behavior: The augmenting effect of charismatic leadership.

Contingent-reward behavior and charismatic leadership were examined in this study of 186 United States Navy officers. As expected, contingent-reward behavior was significantly related to multiple m...
Analog/RF design techniques for high performance nanoelectronic on-chip interconnects

On-chip interconnects form the bottleneck of VLSI system performance. As technology progresses, VLSI on-chip interconnects encounter increasingly significant challenges, such as (1) signal attenuation and (2) crosstalk coupling. This paper proposes two analog/RF design techniques for high performance nanoelectronic on-chip interconnects: (1) application of distributed amplifiers for signal attenuation compensation by reducing interconnect effective resistance, and (2) application of bandpass filters for noise immunity in a frequency separated VLSI on-chip communication system. HSPICE-RF simulation results in 65 nm CMOS technology verify that the proposed analog/RF design techniques achieve improved performance and reliability for high performance nanoelectronic on-chip interconnects.
Contrasting roles for all-trans retinoic acid in TGF-β–mediated induction of Foxp3 and Il10 genes in developing regulatory T cells

Extrathymic induction of regulatory T (T reg) cells is essential to the regulation of effector T cell responses in the periphery. In addition to Foxp3, T reg cell expression of suppressive cytokines, such as IL-10, is essential for peripheral tolerance, particularly in the intestines. TGF-beta has been shown to induce expression of Foxp3 as well as IL10 and the vitamin A metabolite; all-trans retinoic acid (RA [at-RA]) has been found to enhance the former. We report that in contrast to its enhancement of TGF-beta-mediated Foxp3 induction, at-RA potently inhibits the TGF-beta-mediated induction of Il10 in naive CD4 T cells. Thus, mucosal DC subsets that are active producers of at-RA inhibit induction of Il10 in naive CD4 T cells while promoting induction of Foxp3. Accordingly, mice with vitamin A deficiency have increased numbers of IL-10-competent T reg cells. Activation of DCs by certain Toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR9, suppresses T cell induction of Foxp3 and enables induction of Il10. Collectively, our data indicate that at-RA has reciprocal effects on the induction of Foxp3 and Il10 in developing CD4(+) T reg cells and suggest that TLR9-dependent inhibition of at-RA production by antigen-presenting cells might represent one mechanism to promote the development of IL-10-expressing T cells.
Influenza lung injury: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities

In this Perspectives, we discuss some recent developments in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury following influenza infection, with an emphasis on promising therapeutic leads. Damage to the alveolar-capillary barrier has been quantified in mice, and agents have been identified that can help to preserve barrier integrity, such as vasculotide, angiopoietin-like 4 neutralization, and sphingosine 1-phosphate mimics. Results from studies using mesenchymal stem cells have been disappointing, despite promising data in other types of lung injury. The roles of fatty acid binding protein 5, prostaglandin E2, and the interplay between IFN-γ and STAT1 in epithelial signaling during infection have been addressed in vitro. Finally, we discuss the role of autophagy in inflammatory cytokine production and the viral life cycle and the opportunities this presents for intervention.
Medical diagnostic decision support systems--past, present, and future: a threaded bibliography and brief commentary.

Articles about medical diagnostic decision support (MDDS) systems often begin with a disclaimer such as, “despite many years of research and millions of dollars of expenditures on medical diagnostic systems, none is in widespread use at the present time.” While this statement remains true in the sense that no single diagnostic system is in widespread use, it is misleading with regard to the state of the art of these systems. Diagnostic systems, many simple and some complex, are now ubiquitous, and research on MDDS systems is growing. The nature of MDDS systems has diversified overtime. The prospects for adoption of large-scale diagnostic systems are better now than ever before, due to enthusiasm for implementation of the electronic medical record in academic, commercial, and primary care settings. Diagnostic decision support systems have become an established component of medical technology. This paper provides a review and a threaded bibliography for some of the important work on MDDS systems over the years from 1954 to 1993.
Stress and Social Support

Over the past several decades, there has been increasing interest in the concept of stress as a contributing factor to the development of physical and psychological disorders. In the context of incomplete explanations for numerous forms of disease, stress has assumed respect as a potentially important, widely applicable, explanatory construct. Consequently, many disciplines, and different laboratories within disciplines, study varied species and diverse disorders, all under this one common rubric. Stress appears to be an integrative concept, contributing to the progressive merging of biologic processes into eventual endpoints of pathology.
MEASUREMENT OF SHEAR STRESS ON A MOVEABLE BED

A shear plate has been developed to obtain direct measurements of bottom shear stress under non-breaking surface gravity waves on a movable sand bed. The shear plate provides a direct measurement of the bottom shear stress on a sand bend under complex flow conditions particularly over bottom roughnesses. It was designed for use under laboratory oscillatory flow conditions where the periods of motion range from 1.5 to 6 seconds and the range of shear forces are from 0.08 Nm'2 to 84 Nm'2. The spatially averaged bottom shear stress was determined and the quadratic drag law was used to convert measurements of bottom shear stress to values of wave friction factor. The apparent roughness of the bed was specified using four times the sum of the mean and standard deviation of the sediment profile on the shear plate. Values of wave friction factor compared well with both theory and data obtained through previous laboratory studies.
Wine, Wasabi and Weight Loss

AbstractThis paper examines how different newspapers display Bourdieu's tastes of luxury or necessity, and how those tastes shifted during the economic recession that began in 2007. I examined the food sections of the Wall Street Journal, the New York Times, and USA Today, major newspapers with differing compositions of capital, to see if the writers' cultural dispositions mirrored Bourdieu's expectations that those with high amounts of capital favor form over function while those with less capital favor function over form. Coding articles from 2004 through 2009 allowed me to determine if their dispositions changed during the recession. Supporting the conclusions of many scholars, I found that food writers' expressions of taste corresponded with the capital levels of their newspapers. I also found that the Wall Street Journal writers intensified the expression of their cultural disposition during the economic crisis, which I believe serves to reinforce the status of cultural producers in uncertain times.
Elevated Blood Pressure among Southeast Asian Refugee Children in Minnesota

The blood pressures and body sizes of children aged 10-15 years in the Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota, public schools were measured during 1986 and 1987. The sample consisted of 1,680 Southeast Asian refugees--including 219 Cambodians, 1,086 Hmong, 149 Lao, and 226 Vietnamese--and 3,424 blacks and 11,336 whites. Mean systolic blood pressure in Hmong boys was higher than that in black boys and white boys. Mean systolic blood pressures of Hmong, Lao, and Vietnamese girls were lower than those of black girls and white girls. The mean diastolic blood pressures of Hmong boys and of Cambodian and Hmong girls were greater than those of blacks and whites of the same sexes. Southeast Asian children were shorter and weighed less than black children and white children. Body size may confound associations between ethnic groups and blood pressures and may obscure the problem of hypertension among the smaller Southeast Asian children. Southeast Asian boys had greater mean systolic blood pressures than did black and white boys across all weight strata; a similar contrast among girls did not reveal this difference. The risk of hypertension, defined by US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute guidelines, was assessed in multiple logistic regression analyses that controlled for differences in weight, height, age, and pulse rate. The odds ratios for hypertension, relative to blacks and whites of the same sexes, were 2.69 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.85-3.65) in Hmong boys, 2.89 (95% CI 1.35-6.21) in Lao boys, 2.10 (95% CI 1.03-4.28) in Cambodian girls, and 1.49 (95% CI 1.00-2.20) in Hmong girls. Hypertension and subsequent cardiovascular disease may emerge as a significant problem among Southeast Asian refugees in the United States.
In Vitro Imaging Technique of Cell Adhesion

It is the first object of this article to contribute a side-view imaging technique to investigate adhesion to a surface-immobilized ICAM-1 in shear flow, wherein T-leukemic Jurket cells have been used. A side view image has revealed that the cell adhesion on ICAM-1 under flow conditions in vitro is quasistratic. Changes in flow shear stress, cell deformability, or substrate ligand strength resulted in a significant change in the characteristic adhesion binding time and contact length. The elongation of cells in shear flow tempers hydrodynamic shear forces on the cell, which affects the transients in cell-surface adhesion. It is the second object to calculate a 3-D flow field with shear stress acting on an adherent cell based on the shape of the cell obtained from the image. The application of the side-view imaging technique and the image analysis may provide a practical assay to reveal fundamental behavior of a cell.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Domain-Wall-Assisted Switching of Chains of Coupled Nanomagnets

We experimentally demonstrate that the stray field of a propagating transverse domain wall can switch chains of coupled nanomagnets (nanomagnet wires) to a magnetically ordered, low energy ground state. We fabricated nanomagnet wires consisting of 6 and 20 nanomagnets that were placed adjacent to a domain-wall conductor. Magnetic force microscope images clearly show the nanomagnet wire switching from an initial metastable state to an ordered ground state. This can be exploited for controlled order of nanomagnet switching and for energy-efficient clocking of nanomagnet logic devices. Reference structures were fabricated and characterized to prove our assumptions.
Comments on M. E. Brady's Extension to J. M. Keynes' Decision Rule

A more general formulation is presented that combines the four equations of Brady into one single equation. The new formulation explicitly allows for varying degrees of risk and ambiguity aversion and -seeking behavior by decision makers.
A New Approach to Hatchery Sanitation

Abstract OMPHALITIS, or navel infection in baby chicks and poults, has been an increasing problem over the years. Volkmar (1929) described the syndrome of omphalitis and concluded that the increased bacterial content of the air in the incubator at hatching time was the major factor in the production of the disease. Diagnostic laboratories throughout the country have isolated from chicks with omphalitis or sometimes termed “mushy chick,” “filth” organisms such as Escherichia coli, staphylococci spp., streptococci spp. pseudomonasspp., and proteolytic anaerobic bacteria. Williams and Daines (1942) found that within 72 hours after hatching, losses ran as high as 30 percent and the causative agent was Staphylococcus aureus. Recent work by Pathak et al. (1960) indicated that from 146 chicks with unabsorbed egg yolks they isolated Escherichia, Aerobacter, Klebsiella and Proteus. They stressed the importance of disinfection of eggs, incubators, brooders and other equipment concerned with chick raising. Very little work has…
The Urinary Iodine Test Results and Analysis of 8～10 School-age Children in Haikou City in 2011-2012

To master iodine nutritional status of children aged 8～10 in the coastal city of Haikou,and provide scientific basis for establishing reasonable control of iodine deficiency and excess disease.According to the "national priority endemic diseases prevention and control planning"," Iodine Deficiency Disease Control and Prevention planning" of Hainan,in 2011-2012,in 48 schools in the four districts of the city,a random 1537 cases of 8～10 school-age children,were detected based on arsenic cerium(ws/T)"urinary iodine catalytic spectrophotometric method." The median was 236.2 μg/L,urinary iodine value of 50 μg/L ratio is 3.3%,100 μg/L ratio is 13.3%.Urinary iodine values above the proper volume ratio is 27.2%,the ratio of iodine excess is 26.5%.In Longhua District andXiuying District,iodine deficiency ratio for two consecutive years was obviously higher than that in other area.In Qiongshan District,iodine excess ratio is 30.5%～49.5%,for two consecutive years was significantly higher than that in other area.Although Haikou city has achieved the elimination of iodine deficiency judgment standard,there are still 13.3% iodine deficiency,iodine deficiency disease harm should continue to increase propagandist strength,continue to implement comprehensive prevention and treatment measures of iodized salt.Proportion of higher than desirable amount of iodine and iodine excess proportion of the total is 53.7%,most of the people there is an obvious effect of iodine excess,while iodine supplementation should prevent hazards posed by iodine excess.Iodine supplementation should not work uniform,enhanced detection of urinary iodine of focus groups to develop long-term monitoring mechanism,depending on the circumstances a reasonable scientific iodine supplementation,truly realizing the 19th "day to combat iodine deficiency disorders" proposed "Science of iodine supplementation,healthy lives" targets.
OPEN ACCESS TO DIABETES CENTER FROM THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT REDUCES HOSPITALIZATIONS IN THE SUSEQUENT YEAR

Objective: Patients who present to the emergency department (ED) for diabetes without hyperglycemic crisis are at risk of unnecessary hospitalizations and poor outcomes. To address this, the ED Diabetes Rapid-referral Program (EDRP) was designed to provide ED staff with direct booking into the diabetes center. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the EDRP on hospitalization rate, ED utilization rate, glycemic control, and expenditures. Methods: We conducted a single-center analysis of the EDRP cohort (n = 420) and compared 1-year outcomes to historic controls (n = 791). We also compared EDRP patients who arrived (ARR) to those who did not show (NS). The primary outcome was hospitalization rate over 1 year. Secondary outcomes included ED recidivism rate, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and healthcare expenditures. Results: Compared with controls, the EDRP cohort was less likely to be hospitalized (27.1% vs. 41.5%, P<.001) or return to the ED (52.2% vs. 62.3%, P = .001) at the end of 1 year. ...
Active-Loop Dynamics within the Michaelis Complex of Lactate Dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus.

Laser-induced temperature-jump relaxation spectroscopy was used to study the active site mobile-loop dynamics found in the binding of the NADH nucleotide cofactor and oxamate substrate mimic to lactate dehydrogenase in Bacillus stearothermophilus thermophilic bacteria (bsLDH). The kinetic data can be best described by a model in which NADH can bind only to the open-loop apoenzyme, oxamate can bind only to the bsLDH·NADH binary complex in the open-loop conformation, and oxamate binding is followed by closing of the active site loop preventing oxamate unbinding. The open and closed states of the loop are in dynamic equilibrium and interconvert on the submillisecond time scale. This interconversion strongly accelerates with an increase in temperature because of significant enthalpy barriers. Binding of NADH to bsLDH results in minor changes of the loop dynamics and does not shift the open–closed equilibrium, but binding of the oxamate substrate mimic shifts this equilibrium to the closed state. At high exces...
Welding heat transfer

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses that heat transfer during welding can strongly affect phase transformations and the metallurgical structure and mechanical properties of the weld. The complicated heat and mass transfer and fluid flow phenomena in welding can result in the formation of residual stresses in the joint region and distortion of the welded structure. Welding is a very complicated technology involving many complicated physical processes. All the results discussed in the chapter are based on the current existing published papers and some of those still need more investigation. With the advances of modern physics, the research on arc plasma formation, computation theories and the fast development of computer technology, people may have a better understanding of plasma formation, laser–plasma interaction, microstructure evolution, the deformed-surface-handling algorithm, etc. In that way, mathematical models can be employed to predict precisely the heat transfer phenomena in the welding process and to optimize the industrial welding processes to obtain quality welds with good mechanical and chemical properties.
Advances in lung cancer with a focus on ATS 2016 updates

The 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the lung, pleura, thymus and heart has important changes from the 2004 WHO classification (1). The most significant changes include the use of immunohistochemistry to assist the classification and the use of genetic studies with molecular testing to help personalize the treatment for advanced lung cancer patients.
Adoption of additive manufacturing in the medical world

This study explores the adoption of medical 3D printing. Through the analysis of journals, newsletters and other publications, insight is created on what types of medical 3D printing applications exist and who has adopted them. It was found that while simple prosthesis have been produced by medical laypersons on simple consumer-level 3D printers, this is not general. Other applications such as the 3D printing of mock models for practicing complicated surgical procedures and the printing of live cells requires sophisticated medical knowledge, sophisticated 3D printing knowledge or both. The most complex form of medical 3D printing is that of printing tissue. This is currently in an early stage of development and has led to new jobs such as the biofabricator.
A nice place to visit: tourism and urban revitalization in the postwar Rustbelt

In 1967, as St. Louis and other older hubs of industrial production shed thousands of manufacturing jobs, the city’s mayor made a pitch for new economic development. Not satisfied with familiar eff...
The ESC/E(Z) complex, an effector of response to ovarian steroids, manifests an intrinsic difference in cells from women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Clinical evidence suggests that mood and behavioral symptoms in premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a common, recently recognized, psychiatric condition among women, reflect abnormal responsivity to ovarian steroids. This differential sensitivity could be due to an unrecognized aspect of hormonal signaling or a difference in cellular response. In this study, lymphoblastoid cell line cultures (LCLs) from women with PMDD and asymptomatic controls were compared via whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) during untreated (ovarian steroid-free) conditions and following hormone treatment. The women with PMDD manifested ovarian steroid-triggered behavioral sensitivity during a hormone suppression and addback clinical trial, and controls did not, leading us to hypothesize that women with PMDD might differ in their cellular response to ovarian steroids. In untreated LCLs, our results overall suggest a divergence between mRNA (for example, gene transcription) and protein (for example, RNA translation in proteins) for the same genes. Pathway analysis of the LCL transcriptome revealed, among others, over-expression of ESC/E(Z) complex genes (an ovarian steroid-regulated gene silencing complex) in untreated LCLs from women with PMDD, with more than half of these genes over-expressed as compared with the controls, and with significant effects for MTF2, PHF19 and SIRT1 (P<0.05). RNA and protein expression of the 13 ESC/E(Z) complex genes were individually quantitated. This pattern of increased ESC/E(Z) mRNA expression was confirmed in a larger cohort by qRT-PCR. In contrast, protein expression of ESC/E(Z) genes was decreased in untreated PMDD LCLs with MTF2, PHF19 and SIRT1 all significantly decreased (P<0.05). Finally, mRNA expression of several ESC/E(Z) complex genes were increased by progesterone in controls only, and decreased by estradiol in PMDD LCLs. These findings demonstrate that LCLs from women with PMDD manifest a cellular difference in ESC/E(Z) complex function both in the untreated condition and in response to ovarian hormones. Dysregulation of ESC/E(Z) complex function could contribute to PMDD.
Inferring contexts from human activities in smart spaces

Modeling and simulation of human activities is becoming a hot research area for validating activity recognition algorithms used to generate useful synthetic datasets for assistive environments and other smart spaces. Context-driven simulation, an emerging approach that utilizes abstract structures of state spaces (contexts), can enhance the scalability and realism of simulations. However, the context-driven approach is demanding of users' efforts in specifying not only activity models, but also the corresponding contexts and contextual transitions associated with these activities. In this paper, we propose a method to reduce users' efforts in configuring simulation by using &-means clustering and principal component analysis approaches to automate the derivation of contexts from a given set of activities. We validate our approach by comparing the actual sequenced activities with the derived sequenced activities. Copyright © 2016, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All right reserved.
Chapter 15: Psychological Aspect of Financial Planning

This chapter discusses personal financial planning, which is an interdisciplinary practice that employs a six-step process to develop integrated strategies for individuals and families to efficiently mobilize their human and financial capital to achieve their life goals. Financial planning draws from various disciplines, including counseling, psychology, finance, economics, and law. It includes budgeting and cash flow planning, risk management, insurance planning, investment planning, retirement and employee benefits planning, tax planning, and estate planning. The strategic process whereby financial planners develop integrated strategies that draw from all these fields in pursuit of client goals is the profession’s unique domain. Heuristics and mental biases to which clients may be prone overlay the entire financial planning process, however. Financial planners should understand and consider these issues when developing recommendations uniquely suited to each client, maximizing the probability that the client will embrace and implement the recommended strategies.
Some Quantitative Measures of Controllability and Observability and their Implications

Abstract Several inter-related quantitative measures of controllability, observability, reachability, and reconstructibility are introduced, their properties discussed, and some of the implications indicated. The measures vary continuously with the system parameters and the system state, and they reflect appropriate duality relationships. Two areas of application are considered: one is in quantifying the degree of interaction between system input and output, and the other is in providing simple, design-oriented upper and lower bounds on estimation performance
App-centric and environment-aware monitoring and diagnosis in the cloud

Infrastructure-as-a-Service environments are becoming increasingly popular. When there is a failure, many applications require service restoration within a few seconds. Reaction to failures in Cloud is still slow for many applications. Monitoring is limited to instance metrics that are not conducive to precise diagnosis due to complexity of virtualization in physical hosts. Interferences among different VMs complicates the diagnosis. We propose a new dynamic monitoring module as a part of multi-agent based cloud management framework named LAMA. Applications are at the center of our framework. Agents distributed throughout the cloud infrastructure are responsible for aggregating metrics and performing customized diagnostics for each application. This reduces overhead, removes centralized bottlenecks and allows customized configuration with finer granularities. Our approach is also environment aware as each app agent has access to the application, virtual instances and hosting infrastructure metrics. This feature enables the creation of more efficient diagnostics algorithms customized to application's needs. We develop and deploy LAMA in our datacenter to demonstrate (1) how an integrated approach with access to the state of the app's improves efficiency of failure detection, (2) how our monitoring and diagnosing architecture can improve load distribution in the network and (3) the impact of finer granularity on failure detection time.
Fresh‐Squeezed Orange Juice Properties Before and During In Vitro Digestion as Influenced by Orange Variety and Processing Method

This study aims to analyze the influence of processing and orange variety on initial quality, antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content (TPC), and ascorbic acid content of fresh-squeezed orange juice during in vitro digestion. Fresh-squeezed orange juice was made from Fukumoto Navel, Lane Late Navel, Olinda Nucellar Valencia, and Campbell Valencia oranges, and was processed thermally and nonthermally. Antioxidant activity (FRAP and ABTS assays), TPC (Folin-Ciocalteu method), and ascorbic acid were analyzed before and after gastrointestinal digestion. Bioaccessibility was calculated by comparing the measured values after digestion with the initial value for each juice. Orange variety significantly influenced pH, acidity, and total soluble solids (P 0.05). However, antioxidant activity by ABTS and ascorbic acid bioaccessibility were significantly influenced by orange variety (P < 0.0001). These results indicate that fruit variety and nutrient bioaccessibility should be considered to optimize processing and formulation parameters.
Relationships and the Medical Marriage

The life of a physician is filled with excitement, personal satisfaction, and … daily anxiety. I run two operating rooms, see approximately 110 patients a week, and do my best to educate the next generation of surgeons. I would not trade my vocation for any other; yet, stress abounds each and every day. My wife of 29 years, Marie (Fig. 4.1), my trusted colleagues, friends and staff all help buoy my emotions, and I am quick to share my professional journey with them. We all need the trusted support of a significant other—whether a spouse, close personal friend or family member—to help soften the daily stressors that confront us.
Quarks, culture, combogenesis

The value of Tyler Volk’s Quarks to Culture is evident when the book is placed against popular histories of the universe, dozens of which have provided evidence for an immense cosmic past. But such histories are often anecdotal, like early British histories of the kings of England. Unlike these works, Volk artfully presents the case for structural continuity and systematic cre­ativity across 13.8 billion years of cosmic history.
Rediscovering Physical Collections Through the Digital Archive: The Jesuit Libraries Provenance Project

Historic library collections offer a rich and underexplored resource for teaching undergraduate and graduate students about new digital approaches, methodologies, and platforms. Their scope and sca...
Traits correlate with invasive success more than plasticity: a comparison of three Centaurea congeners

The importance of phenotypic plasticity for successful invasion by exotic plant species has been well studied, but with contradictory and inconclusive results. However, many previous studies focused on comparisons of native and invasive species that co‐occur in a single invaded region, and thus on species with potentially very different evolutionary histories. We took a different approach by comparing three closely related Centaurea species: the highly invasive C. solstitialis, and the noninvasive but exotic C. calcitrapa and C. sulphurea. These species have overlapping distributions both in their native range of Spain and in their non‐native range of California. We collected seeds from 3 to 10 populations from each region and species and grew them in common garden greenhouse conditions to obtain an F1 generation in order to reduce maternal effects. Then, F1 seeds were grown subjected to simulated herbivory, variation in nutrient availability, and competition, to explore plasticity in the responses to these conditions. We found little variation in phenotypic plasticity among species and regions, but C. solstitialis plants from California produced more biomass in competition than their Spanish conspecifics. This species also had the highest relative growth rates when in competition and when grown under low nutrient availability. Noninvasive congeners produced intermediate or opposite patterns.
Biochemical Methods for Detecting Mycoplasma Contamination

The above quotation is relevant to the theme of this presentation, since we intend to discuss the biochemical procedures for mycoplasma detection developed by others, as well as presenting our own uridine phosphorylase method in somewhat greater detail.
Anaesthesia Breathing Systems

The anaesthesia breathing system is that part of the anaesthesia machine which is in direct contact with the patient. More precisely, it is the assembly of components through which the patient breathes. Anaesthesia breathing systems can be classified either according to the mode of use or according to their design. The mode of use means more specifically the relationship between fresh gas flow and the respiratory minute volume of the patient. The ratio of these determines the percentage of rebreathing of previously exhaled gas. Fig. 49 shows the two systems of classification.
Liquid Hydrogen Pumping for Hydrogen Targets

Forced circulation of liquid hydrogen through hydrogen targets is necessary when the geometry and heat load exceed the capacity of normal convection systems. Three small pumps, one centrifugal and two positive displacement, were built for that purpose. Hydrogen flows of one-half to two liters/min were attained while the pressure head developed was 10 to 40 ft of liquid hydrogen.
Real-time meshless deformation: Collision Detection and Deformable Objects

In this paper, we articulate a meshless computational paradigm for the effective modeling, accurate physical simulation, and real-time animation of point-sampled solid objects. Both the interior and the boundary geometry of our volumetric object representation only consist of points, further extending the powerful and popular method of point-sampled surfaces to the volumetric setting. We build the point-based physical model upon continuum mechanics, which affords to effectively model the dynamic elastic behavior of point-based volumetric objects. When only surface samples are provided, our prototype system first generates both interior volumetric points and a volumetric distance field with octree structure. The physics of these volumetric points in a solid interior are simulated using the Meshless Moving Least Squares (MLS) shape functions. In sharp contrast to the traditional finite element method (FEM), the meshless property of our new technique expedites the accurate representation and precise simulation of the underlying discrete model, without the need of domain meshing. In order to achieve real-time simulations, we utilize the warped modal analysis method that is locally linear in nature but globally warped to account for rotational deformation. The structural simplicity and real-time performance of our meshless simulation framework are ideal for interactive animation and game/movie production. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Epistemology and Process of Buddhist Nondualism: The Philosophical Challenge of Egalitarianism in Chinese Buddhism

The evolving field of neuroscience provides a fresh perspective for understanding and clarifying the nondualistic epistemology of Buddhist philosophy. Its egalitarian adherence to “wisdom embracing all species” required an epistemological shift beyond both egocentric and anthropocentric assumptions, outlined in such texts as the Lotus Sūtra and the Diamond Sūtra. Parallels can be drawn to the Triple Loop learning process, “an ‘epistemo-existential strategy’ for profound change on various levels.” Inherently hierarchical tendencies in Daoist and Confucian philosophies posed a challenge to the egalitarian stance of Buddhist nondualism. Passages from Daoist (Laozi, Zhuangzi), Confucian (Confucius, Mengzi, Xunzi), and Neo-Confucian (Zhu Xi, Wang Yang-ming) texts demonstrate the limits of Chinese nondualism. The hybrid brain cultivated through Buddhist practice was able to maintain the benefits of the task-driven dorsal attentional network (promoting Wisdom), while being grounded in the stimulus-driven ventral attentional network (opening Compassion). The Five Ranks (wu-wei五位) of Chan meticulously trace the process of recognizing the nondualism of deluded mind (the bent) and awakened mind (the straight). The final rank, “Unity Attained,” restores the role of allocentric attention, which has been described as “the basic simplicity of the undyed fabric,” as the default. Thus, inspired by the pedagogy of cognitive dissonance woven into Sanskrit texts, Chinese practitioners deployed their own “circuit-breakers” of ventral attention to disrupt the dogmatic “perseveration” of dorsal attention. The resulting epistemological reorientation reveals the nondualism of reality.
The NCAA Commission on College Basketball: Institution Maintenance and Reputation Management in Practice

In 2017, the NCAA convened the Commission on College Basketball after an FBI investigation found that apparel companies were bribing high school basketball players to attend certain universities. T...
A rare presentation of carcinosarcoma of the bone in a young female; response with gemcitabine and docetaxel

Sarcomatoid carcinoma, or carcinosarcoma, is a neoplasm that contains both sarcomatous and carcinomatous elements. It is an extremely rare cancer most often arising from visceral organs. Here we report the seventh documented de novo case of carcinosarcoma of the bone, in a young female who showed initial clinical improvement with gemcitabine and docetaxel. A 36-year-old Caucasian female presented with diffuse musculoskeletal pain that had progressed from her shoulder to her back, arm, and knee over 6 months. Imaging revealed diffuse sclerotic lesions of bilateral humeral heads, iliac and ischial bones, and thoracic and lumbar spine. Histopathologic examination of biopsies from the T9 vertebra and left femur showed mainly sarcomatous spindle cells with focal osteoid production. Immunostaining showed the cells to be OSCAR cytokeratin, patchy positive for pankeratin, and negative for CK7, GATA3, S100, SOX10, CD99, EMA, AE1/AE3, and HMW keratin indicative of an epithelial origin. After thorough clinical correlation, sarcomatoid carcinoma of a visceral organ was excluded and the diagnosis of primary sarcomatoid carcinoma of the bone was ultimately favored. She received chemotherapy with gemcitabine and docetaxel, and showed improvement at 6 months but ultimately passed 1 year post diagnosis. Primary carcinosarcoma of the bone is an extremely rare malignancy. Early diagnosis is crucial as localized disease may be curable with resection. As shown in this case, combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine and docetaxel is a potential option in patients with unresectable or metastatic disease.
Tightly linked antagonistic‐effect loci underlie polygenic phenotypic variation in C. elegans

Recent work has provided strong empirical support for the classic polygenic model for trait variation. Population-based findings suggest that most regions of genome harbor variation affecting most traits. Here, we use the approach of experimental genetics to show that, indeed, most genomic regions carry variants with detectable effects on growth and reproduction in Caenorhabditis elegans populations sensitized by nickel stress. Nine of 15 adjacent intervals on the X chromosome, each encompassing ∼0.001 of the genome, have significant effects when tested individually in near-isogenic lines (NILs). These intervals have effects that are similar in magnitude to those of genome-wide significant loci that we mapped in a panel of recombinant inbred advanced intercross lines (RIAILs). If NIL-like effects were randomly distributed across the genome, the RIAILs would exhibit phenotypic variance that far exceeds the observed variance. However, the NIL intervals are arranged in a pattern that significantly reduces phenotypic variance relative to a random arrangement; adjacent intervals antagonize one another, cancelling each other's effects. Contrary to the expectation of small additive effects, our findings point to large-effect variants whose effects are masked by epistasis or linkage disequilibrium between alleles of opposing effect.
Particulate matter and episodic memory decline mediated by early neuroanatomic biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease

Evidence suggests exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) may increase the risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Whether PM2.5 alters brain structure and accelerates the preclinical neuropsychological processes remains unknown. Early decline of episodic memory is detectable in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, we conducted a longitudinal study to examine whether PM2.5 affects the episodic memory decline, and also explored the potential mediating role of increased neuroanatomic risk of Alzheimer's disease associated with exposure. Participants included older females (n = 998; aged 73-87) enrolled in both the Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging and the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, with annual (1999-2010) episodic memory assessment by the California Verbal Learning Test, including measures of immediate free recall/new learning (List A Trials 1-3; List B) and delayed free recall (short- and long-delay), and up to two brain scans (MRI-1: 2005-06; MRI-2: 2009-10). Subjects were assigned Alzheimer's disease pattern similarity scores (a brain-MRI measured neuroanatomical risk for Alzheimer's disease), developed by supervised machine learning and validated with data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Based on residential histories and environmental data on air monitoring and simulated atmospheric chemistry, we used a spatiotemporal model to estimate 3-year average PM2.5 exposure preceding MRI-1. In multilevel structural equation models, PM2.5 was associated with greater declines in immediate recall and new learning, but no association was found with decline in delayed-recall or composite scores. For each interquartile increment (2.81 μg/m3) of PM2.5, the annual decline rate was significantly accelerated by 19.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.9% to 36.2%] for Trials 1-3 and 14.8% (4.4% to 24.9%) for List B performance, adjusting for multiple potential confounders. Long-term PM2.5 exposure was associated with increased Alzheimer's disease pattern similarity scores, which accounted for 22.6% (95% CI: 1% to 68.9%) and 10.7% (95% CI: 1.0% to 30.3%) of the total adverse PM2.5 effects on Trials 1-3 and List B, respectively. The observed associations remained after excluding incident cases of dementia and stroke during the follow-up, or further adjusting for small-vessel ischaemic disease volumes. Our findings illustrate the continuum of PM2.5 neurotoxicity that contributes to early decline of immediate free recall/new learning at the preclinical stage, which is mediated by progressive atrophy of grey matter indicative of increased Alzheimer's disease risk, independent of cerebrovascular damage.
Design of a Circular-Patch Reflectarray for Microwave Power Transfer and Communications in Space

This work presents the design and simulation of holographic reflectarrays made up of circular patches for wireless power transfer (WPT) in the Fresnel region. We simulate efficient focusing at 5.8 GHz for a 1.216m square reflectarray design at a focal distance of 10m. The example design is particularly well-suited to microwave power transfer in space, where the ratio of aperture-to-mass must be maximized.
Timber harvest and flood impacts on sediment yield in a postglacial, mixed-forest watershed, Maine, USA

Abstract The impact of human activities on sediment yield is poorly constrained in the northeastern United States, as in other northern hemisphere forested landscapes previously occupied by Pleistocene ice sheets. This study examines changes in sedimentation in Little Kennebago Lake (LKL), Maine, in relation to extreme hydrologic events and land-use change. Historical records indicate minimal disturbance before the onset of commercial logging after 1891. Sediment cores record >1,200 years of sedimentation and allow comparison of prehistoric and anthropogenic conditions. Variations in sediment yield are evaluated in the context of hydrologic records and reconstructions of road density and timber harvest derived from historical topographic maps and aerial photographs. Cores collected before and after a highly erosive, localized extreme rainfall event in July 2018 provide a template for interpreting clastic layers found earlier in the record. The frequency of these events increased around 1900, with five layers in the previous ∼1100 years and 12 layers from 1900-2018. This timing corresponds to an increase in suspended sediment yield from 2.0 Mg/km2/yr to 6.4 Mg/km2/yr and increased abundance of pollen taxa associated with forest disturbance. A relative lack of discrete erosion events since ∼1970, in spite of increasing timber harvest, suggests that modern best management practices may be effective in reducing erosion. The 2018 event is a reminder, however, that ongoing reevaluation of management practices is necessary in light of changing hydrology, in this region and elsewhere.
Data Driven Markov Chain Monte Carlo

Data Driven Markov chain Monte Carlo (DDMCMC) provides a principled way to use low-level information from processes such as edge detection and clustering to guide the MCMC search by making informed jumps in the solution space, achieving significant speed-ups in convergence to the modes of the posterior probability. The data-driven information obtained from edge detection and intensity clustering in represented as weighted samples (particles) and used as importance proposal probabilities for MCMC jumps using the Metropolis-Hastings method.