cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The impact of simulated patient death on medical students' stress response and learning of ACLS.

AbstractIntroduction: There is considerable controversy as to whether the simulator should die during high-fidelity simulation (HFS). We sought to describe the physiologic and biochemical stress response induced by simulated patient death as well as the impact on long-term retention of Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) knowledge and skills.Methods: Twenty-six subjects received an American Heart Association (AHA) ACLS provider course. Following the course, subjects participated in HFS and were randomized to simulated death or survival. Heart rate and salivary cortisol (SC) and dihydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were collected at this time. Subjects returned six months later for a follow-up simulation in which ACLS knowledge and skills were tested.Results: For all participants, there was an increase in heart rate during simulation compared with baseline heart rate (+ 32 beats/minute), p < 0.0001. Similarly, SC and DHEA were higher compared with baseline levels (+ 0.115 μg/dL, p <0.01 and + 97 pg/mL, p ...
Lipid fixation during preparation of chloroplasts for electron microscopy

Reaction of osmium tetroxide with isolated spinach chloroplasts fixed completely the glycolipids, phosphatidyl glycerol, and phosphatidyl choline. Under the same reaction conditions only 30% of the chlorophyll was fixed. Reaction of potassium permanganate with isolated spinach chloroplasts fixed more than 90% of the glycolipids, phosphatidyl glycerol, and phosphatidyl choline, provided the reaction period was long enough. Potassium permanganate also fixed the chlorophyll. Reaction of osmium tetroxide and potassium permanganate with isolated 14C-lipids from Chlorella pyrenoidosa fixed 59% and 66% of the radioactivity, respectively. The lipids that were not fixed included sterols and pigments. Electron micrographs show that chloroplasts extracted with chloroform-methanol after fixation in osmium tetroxide or potassium permanganate differ from those dehydrated with acetone mainly in that in the former, osmiophilic globules have been removed and there seems to be some fusion of the boundary membranes and grana membranes. These effects may be due to the extraction of unfixed, neutral lipids such as sterols and quinones.
Oil and gas accumulation mechanism of S_(2+3) oil layer in west slope region

There are five types of oil or gas reservoirs of S_(2+3) oil layer in west slope region,they are oil or gas reservoirs of anticline,structural lithology,updip pinch out of lithology,lenticular body and fault seal.They mainly distribute on the Taikang uplift and its surroundings.There are the characteristics of oil and gas in the same layer and gas in the upper layer and oil in lower layer.Oil of S_(2+3) oil layer was from the K1qn and K_1n_1 source rocks in Qijiagulong sag through oil-source correlation.The formation of oil or gas reservoirs experienced two main periods,first was at the end of K1_n sedimentary period,second was from the end of K_2m sedimentary period to the early of Eogene system sedimentary period.this paper summarized three oil or gas accumulation models,they are the accumulation model of oil or gas in the traps of sandstone updip pinching,structure and structure-lithology and fault seal.Taikang uplift and its surroundings are the most favorable oil or gas exploration area of S_(2+3) oil layer in west slope region and those traps on the main direction of oil or gas migration are the most favorable oil or gas exploration targets through comprehensive analysis.
Vosaroxin: innovative anticancer quinolone for the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia

ABSTRACTIntroduction: A first-in-class anticancer quinolone derivative with topoisomerase II activity, mechanistically, vosaroxin is similar to the anthracycline class. However, vosaroxin displays advantageous pharmacokinetic properties such as minimal metabolism, a lack of free radical production, is not a substrate for the P glycoprotein efflux pump, and can exert its antineoplastic activity independently of P53 function. Vosaroxin has shown encouraging results when combined with cytarabine in older patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) while balancing early toxicity and mortality, making it a compelling novel therapy for acute myelogenous leukemia.Areas covered: Herein, we review the clinical data from published and internationally presented clinical trials utilizing vosaroxin for AML in the elderly, and relapsed and refractory population. Pivotal trials reviewed include the multicenter, phase II, REVEAL-1 study of single-agent vosaroxin in untreated elderly patients and the...
Testimony that Breaks the Silence of Totalism

In the context of totalism—imperial rule in the biblical world and in today’s market-driven economy—those who are in power attempt to silence the voices calling for justice and fullness of life. Biblical theology gives voice and testimony that breaks the silence of totalism. Biblical theology is practical theology that speaks to what is sustainable in the death-dealing totalism that we face. The biblical witness is not defeated, and totalism has not won, because of the emancipatory nature of God, who cannot be silenced.
Indigenous Intermediaries: new perspectives on exploration archives

In the European imagination, the archetypal Indigenous intermediary was Robinson Crusoe’s Friday, a virtual cypher who was characterised above all by his devotion and subservience to his ‘master’. ...
Atmospheric CO 2 and O 2 During the Phanerozoic: Tools, Patterns, and Impacts

The amount of CO 2 and O 2 in the atmosphere over long timescales (> 10 5 years) is largely controlled by several key processes. Reconstruction of atmospheric CO 2 and O 2 in the geologic past can be accomplished either with proxies or by modeling the long-term carbon and sulfur cycles. Application of these two independent approaches yields similar results. CO 2 was high during the early Paleozoic (> 2000 ppm) and parts of the Mesozoic (~ 1000 ppm) but low during the Carboniferous, Permian, and late Cenozoic ( 2 patterns are strongly coupled to independent evidence for global temperature. O 2 records show oscillating values (15–25%) with a distinct peak (> 30%) during the Permian. There is a compelling link between this Phanerozoic peak in atmospheric O 2 and a concomitant interval of insect gigantism.
A Couples’ Based Self-Management Program for Heart Failure: Results of a Feasibility Study

Background: Heart failure (HF) is associated with frequent exacerbations and shortened lifespan. Informal caregivers such as significant others often support self-management in patients with HF. However, existing programs that aim to enhance self-management seldom engage informal caregivers or provide tools that can help alleviate caregiver burden or improve collaboration between patients and their informal caregivers. Objective: To develop and pilot test a program targeting the needs of self-management support among HF patients as well as their significant others. Methods: We developed the Dyadic Health Behavior Change model and conducted semi-structured interviews to determine barriers to self-management from various perspectives. Participants’ feedback was used to develop a family-centered self-management program called “SUCCEED: Self-management Using Couples’ Coping EnhancEment in Diseases.” The goals of this program are to improve HF self-management, quality of life, communication within couples, relationship quality, and stress and caregiver burden. We conducted a pilot study with 17 Veterans with HF and their significant others to determine acceptability of the program. We piloted psychosocial surveys at baseline and after participants’ program completion to evaluate change in depressive symptoms, caregiver burden, self-management of HF, communication, quality of relationship, relationship mutuality, and quality of life. Results: Of the 17 couples, 14 completed at least 1 SUCCEED session. Results showed high acceptability for each of SUCCEED’s sessions. At baseline, patients reported poor quality of life, clinically significant depressive symptoms, and inadequate self-management of HF. After participating in SUCCEED, patients showed improvements in self-management of HF, communication, and relationship quality, while caregivers reported improvements in depressive symptoms and caregiver burden. Quality of life of both patients and significant others declined over time. Conclusions: In this small pilot study, we showed positive trends with involving significant others in self-management. SUCCEED has the potential of addressing the growing public health problem of HF among patients who receive care from their significant other.
EEG Discontinuity and Neonatal Acidosis

The effect of acidosis on cerebral function was evaluated by computerized online EEG monitoring in 14 ventilated preterm infants less than 32 weeks’ gestation at the Department of Paediatrics and Neonatal Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
Evolutionary divergence of immunoglobulin constant region genes.

The development of the humoral immune response over evolutionary time has resulted in the occurrence of numerous immunoglobulin gene products in animal serum. The variable region gene products which are now known to be responsible for providing the distinct combining specificities that are required for interacting with the multitude of antigens a given individual encounters in its lifetime (1) are of obvious importance in this regard. Genetic complexity also exists on another level in the humoral response, however, albeit less pronounced. This complexity is presented at the level of constant region genes. The precise extent of this diversity is not yet clear, especially in any complete phylogenetic context since extensive information concerning the question is available at present only for higher species, particularly mammals. While this information has provided much knowledge regarding the extent of constant region diversity in these higher species, and may show us the highest degree of such divergence that has yet occurred in the biological world, the data obviously can speak only for a limited spectrum of the animal kingdom.
Analyzing unsynthesizable specifications for high-level robot behavior using LTLMoP

Recent work in robotics has applied formal verification tools to automatically generate correct-by-construction controllers for autonomous robots. However, when it is not possible to create such a controller, these approaches do not provide the user with feedback on the source of failure, making the experience of debugging a specification somewhat ad hoc and unstructured, and a source of frustration for the user. This paper describes an extension to the LTLMoP toolkit for robot mission planning that encloses the control-generation process in a layer of automated reasoning to identify the cause of failure, and targets the users attention to flawed portions of the specification.
Consumption of the total Western diet differentially affects the response to green tea in rodent models of chronic disease compared to the AIN93G diet

cope In pre-clinical studies investigating bioactive components, the efficacy of the bioactive is likely influenced by the basal diet provided to rodents. In this study, we hypothesized that a model bioactive, green tea extract (GTE), would have different effects on colon carcinogenesis, body composition, and lipid metabolism in mice fed a basal diet formulated to promote animal health and growth (AIN93G) as compared to a Western diet that emulates typical American intakes of micro- and macronutrients, the total Western diet (TWD). Methods and results Mice were fed either AIN93G or TWD, with or without GTE added to drinking water for 18 weeks. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in azoxymethane-initiated mice was nearly three times greater in mice fed TWD compared to AIN93G. Consumption of GTE suppressed ACF development only in mice fed the TWD. Similarly, supplementation with GTE suppressed weight gain and fasted glucose only in mice fed TWD, while GTE suppressed fat mass in mice fed either diet. Irrespective of diet, GTE supplementation increased cecum weight and decreased cecal SCFA concentration. Conclusion Collectively, these observations indicate that the TWD influences the bioactivity of GTE in rodent models of obesity, metabolism, and carcinogenesis.
The rapper laughs, herself: Nicki Minaj’s sonic disturbances

Bursting, reckless, and erotic, the laughter of rapper Onika Tanya Maraj—Nicki Minaj—might seem tailor-made to an understanding of laughter as pure presence. Her laughter claims no object, follows ...
Gadolinium-labeled dendronized gold nanoparticles as new targeted MRI contrast agent

Early diagnosis is critical for positive outcome of cancer treatments. In many cases, lives would be saved if the tumor could be detected at a very early stage. Nanoparticles have the property of passively targeting tumor sites due to their enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect. Thus they can play a critical role in improving the ability to find cancer in its earliest and most treatable stages. Furthermore magnetic resonance imaging is one of the most precise techniques for cancer screening since it can show 3D images of the tumors. For a better enhancement of the sensitivity of this method, MRI contrast agent (DOTA)Gd was attached to poly(propylene imine) dendrons of third generation and the obtained dendrons were used for modification of gold nanoparticles.
Clinical Education in Athletic Training

Context: Clinical education is a foundational component of healthcare education by which students acquire, practice, and demonstrate competency in clinical proficiencies through classroom, laborato...
Designing a Response to Intervention plan for English-Language Learners Using the results of language testing

Response to Intervention (RTI) is a new option for identifying students with disabilities under IDEIA 2004. While RTI plans are generally implemented before any specialized testing, there are cases where it might be helpful to implement an RTI plan after standardized testing, using the results from a formal assessment of language skills in both the native language and English. This article explores such a case and presents a table of suggested Tier 1 and Tier 2 interventions, based on the results of language testing.
Improved pFastBac™ donor plasmid vectors for higher protein production using the Bac-to-Bac® baculovirus expression vector system

The Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV)-based Bac-to-Bac® expression system consists of a bacmid and five pFastBac™ donor transfer vectors. It has been widely used for eukaryotic gene expression in insect cells to elucidate gene function in biotechnology laboratories. The pFastBac™ vectors contain a 50bp AcMNPV polyhedrin (polh) promoter and a 127bp SV40 polyadenylation (pA) signal for cloning a gene of interest into the bacmid, resulting in unsolved lower gene expression levels than the wild type (wt) AcMNPV in insect cells. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to understand why the Bac-to-Bac system produces lower gene expression levels. Here, we determined that bacmids transposed with pFastBac™ vectors produced 3-4 fold lower levels of certain proteins than the wt AcMNPV. We found that an 80bp cis element 147bp upstream of the 50bp polh promoter and a 134bp polh pA signal are required in pFastBac™ to achieve bacmid protein expression levels equivalent to wt AcMNPV in High Five insect cells. Therefore, researchers currently using pFastBac™ vectors for protein expression can transfer their genes of interest into the improved vectors in this report to elevate protein expression yields in insect cells to reduce protein production costs.
Empirical comparison of techniques for automated failure diagnosis

Automated techniques to diagnose the cause of system failures based on monitoring data is an active area of research at the intersection of systems and machine learning. In this paper, we identify three tasks that form key building blocks in automated diagnosis: 1. Identifying distinct states of the system using monitoring data. 2. Retrieving monitoring data from past system states that are similar to the current state. 3. Pinpointing attributes in the monitoring data that indicate the likely cause of a system failure. We provide (to our knowledge) the first apples-to-apples comparison of both classical and state-of-the-art techniques for these three tasks. Such studies are vital to the consolidation and growth of the field. Our study is based on a variety of failures injected in a multitier Web service. We present empirical insights and research opportunities.
Ludwig's Angina.

Ludwig's angina is a diffuse cellulitis in the submandibular, sublingual, and submental spaces, characterized by its propensity to spread rapidly to the surrounding tissues. Early recognition and treatment for Ludwig's angina are of paramount importance due to the myriad of complications that can occur in association with Ludwig's angina. Known complications of Ludwig's angina include carotid arterial rupture or sheath abscess, thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein, mediastinitis, empyema, pericardial effusion, osteomyelitis of the mandible, subphrenic abscess, aspiration pneumonia, and pleural effusion. By reporting a case of Ludwig's angina, we hope to raise the awareness in our medical community for this rare clinical entity. This case describes a 54-year-old woman with Ludwig's angina that evolved from a chronic odontogenic infection. She presented with perioral swelling with the involvement of bilateral submandibular and sublingual areas, accompanied by excruciating pain, chills, fever, and vomiting. She was treated with clindamycin and cefoxitin for infection and vigorously hydrated. This case is exemplary for the successful management of this potentially lethal clinical condition. Our early recognition and aggressive treatment helped to prevent complications from Ludwig's angina.
Capital Strikes as a Corporate Political Strategy: The Structural Power of Business in the Obama Era:

The importance of overt levers of business political influence, notably campaign donations and lobbying, has been overemphasized. Using executive branch policymaking during the Obama administration...
Body Size Anxiety: Appearance Management Behaviors, Social Physique Anxiety, AppearanceEvaluation, and Appearance Orientation in Larger Size Women

Weight bias is a pervasive form of discrimination in our modern day society. Goffman (1963) offered foresight into why weight bias has become so prevalent in our modern era. Those with stigmatized identities which people perceive as controllable are seen as having a defect in their own character. This makes sympathy for the individual less likely than criticism.
Competitive Interactions and the Species Diversity of Corals

The species diversity of a coral reef community is affected by many factors. If we consider only sessile organisms, for example plants or aquatic animals such as sponges, corals, etc., competition for space is obviously an important factor. On a small area of hard substrate with very little spatial variation in local physical conditions, one might expect that a single species would be superior to all others in competition and would eliminate them and eventually cover the surface.
An Alternative to the Sectarian Vision: The Role of the Dean in an Inclusive Catholic Law School

Catholic law schools, spurred by the controversies on their university campuses over the papal call to reaffirm Catholic identity and mission, are beginning to ask more seriously what it means for them to be "Catholic." Different models of Catholic legal education are emerging, and the deans of Catholic law schools are faced with the task of deciding how they should guide their institutions in selecting and giving effect to the model most suitable for them. Some Catholic law schools are content with being nominally Catholic and functionally secular. Others may take a sectarian path, defining themselves as "faith communities," with a very strong and inherently exclusive definition of their identity and role in the world. This article proposes an alternative to both extremes: an "inclusive" Catholic law school that is committed to academic freedom, religious and ideological diversity and liberal values, but is also unapologetically and actively committed to discerning and expressing distinctively Catholic approaches to law and lawyering.
Analysis of Chemoreceptor Responses to Tachykinins in Rats, Cats, and Rabbits

Substance P (SP) belongs to a family of peptides called tachykinins. It has been proposed that SP acts as a sensory transmitter or modulator in the peripheral nervous system1. The carotid body, a sensory organ that detects changes in arterial oxygen, contains SP-like immunoreactivity and may participate in chemoreception2. Neuropharmacological studies on the cat carotid bodies have shown that exogenous SP augments the sensory discharge of the in vivo 2,3 and in vitro 4 preparations. Furthermore, antagonists specific to tachykinin peptides prevent the sensory excitation produced by hypoxia, but not that caused by CO2 5. These observations suggest that a tachykinin peptide, perhaps SP, is necessary for the hypoxic excitation of the carotid body. If SP is important in carotid body chemo- reception: (a) it should be present in the glomus tissue of species other than cats; and (b) like hypoxia, chemoreceptor responses to exogenous SP should be excitatory across species. In the present study, we tested these possibilities on rats and the results were compared with cats and rabbits.
Can real-time search algorithms meet deadlines?

A real-time AI problem solver performs a task or a set of tasks in two phases: planning and execution. Under real-time constraints, a real-time AI problem solver must balance the planning and the execution phases of its operation to comply With deadlines. This paper provides a methodology for specification and analysis of real-time AI problems and problem solvers. This methodology is demonstrated via domain analysis of the real-time path planning problem and via algorithm analysis of DYNORAII and RTA* [1]. We provide new results on worst-case complexity of the problem. We also provide experimental evaluation of DYNORAII and RTA* for deadline compliance.
The G-protein biased mu-opioid agonist, TRV130, produces reinforcing and antinociceptive effects that are comparable to oxycodone in rats.

Abstract Mu-opioid agonists (e.g., oxycodone) are highly effective therapeutics for pain. However, they also produce reinforcing effects that increase their likelihood of abuse. Recent strategies in drug development have focused on opioids with biased receptor-signaling profiles that favor activation of specific intracellular pathways over others with the aim of increasing therapeutic selectivity. TRV130, a mu agonist biased towards G-protein signaling, produces antinociceptive effects comparable to the mu agonist, morphine, but exhibits reduced side effects. However, in terms of abuse potential, we know of no published preclinical data investigating the effects of TRV130 as a reinforcer. In the present study, we assessed the relative reinforcing effects of TRV130 and oxycodone, a commonly-prescribed mu agonist, in rats self-administering the drugs under a progressive-ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement. In addition, we assessed the relative potency and efficacy of TRV130 and oxycodone in rats in a test of thermal antinociception (Hot Plate). For self-administration, male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 7) self-administered intravenous infusions of TRV130 or oxycodone (0.01-0.32 mg/kg/inj) under a PR schedule of reinforcement. For the Hot-Plate test, male rats (n = 7) received subcutaneous injections of TRV130 (0.1–3.2 mg/kg/inj) or oxycodone (0.1–5.6 mg/kg/inj), and nociceptive response latencies were measured. TRV130 and oxycodone were equi-potent and equi-effective in self-administration and thermal antinociception. This study demonstrates that TRV130 produces reinforcing and antinociceptive effects that are quantitatively similar to oxycodone, and that a biased-signaling profile does not necessarily reduce abuse potential.
Numerical model of dual-coolant lead–lithium (DCLL) blanket

Abstract The analysis of Dual-Coolant Lead–Lithium (DCLL) blankets requires application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods for electrically conductive liquids in geometrically complex regions and in the presence of a strong magnetic field. Together with a Magneto Hydro Dynamics (MHD) capability, the general purpose CFD is applicable or modeling of DCLL blankets. This presentation describes a numerical model based on the customized general purpose CFD code CFX from ANSYS. The model involves simultaneous modelling of two different liquids in different regions: helium coolant, and lead lithium eutectic. Additionally neutron heating is included in the code using three dimensional heat source distribution mapped from the results of the Attila simulations. Surface heating of the front face of the blanket is also included. Geometry of the sample blanket is introduced directly from the CAD using step file. Most of the meshing was performed automatically using CFX mesher. Special grid generation methods were used to insure accurate resolution of the near wall boundary layers including several layers of large aspect ratio prismatic elements. DCLL design also includes some narrow flow regions between SiC insert and structure. These regions were meshed using sweep method to avoid high aspect ratio tetrahedral elements. The numerical model was tested against benchmarks specifically selected for liquid metal blanket applications, such as straight rectangular duct flows with Hartmann number of up to 15,000. Results for a general three dimensional case of the DCLL blanket are also included.
The monument to the children of Villatina: commemorating innocent child victims in the context of lethally stigmatized youth in Colombia:

This article examines the monument for the children of Villatina (2004, Medellin, Colombia) that resulted from the Masacre Villatina v. Colombia Friendly Agreement put forward by the Grupo Interdis...
Refining the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage IB and IIA NSCLC.

8519Background: The role of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in stage IB (pT2aN0) and IIA (pT2bN0) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is currently unclear. Existing guideline recommendations are inconsis...
Evaluation of financial statements fraud detection research: a multi-disciplinary analysis

Prior research in the fields of accounting and information systems has shed some light on the significant effects of financial reporting fraud on multiple levels of the economy. In this paper, we compile prior multi-disciplinary literature on financial statement fraud detection. Financial reporting fraud detection efforts and research may be more impactful when the findings of these different domains are combined. We anticipate that this research will be valuable for academics, analysts, regulators, practitioners, and investors.
Large Polarization and Susceptibilities in Artificial Morphotropic Phase Boundary PbZr1−xTixO3 Superlattices

Author(s): Lupi, E; Ghosh, A; Saremi, S; Hsu, SL; Pandya, S; Velarde, G; Fernandez, A; Ramesh, R; Martin, LW | Abstract: The ability to produce atomically precise, artificial oxide heterostructures allows for the possibility of producing exotic phases and enhanced susceptibilities not found in parent materials. Typical ferroelectric materials either exhibit large saturation polarization away from a phase boundary or large dielectric susceptibility near a phase boundary. Both large ferroelectric polarization and dielectric permittivity are attained wherein fully epitaxial (PbZr0.8Ti0.2O3)n/(PbZr0.4Ti0.6O3)2n (n = 2, 4, 6, 8, 16 unit cells) superlattices are produced such that the overall film chemistry is at the morphotropic phase boundary, but constitutive layers are not. Long- (n ≥ 6) and short-period (n = 2) superlattices reveal large ferroelectric saturation polarization (Ps = 64 µC cm−2) and small dielectric permittivity (er ≈ 400 at 10 kHz). Intermediate-period (n = 4) superlattices, however, exhibit both large ferroelectric saturation polarization (Ps = 64 µC cm−2) and dielectric permittivity (er = 776 at 10 kHz). First-order reversal curve analysis reveals the presence of switching distributions for each parent layer and a third, interfacial layer wherein superlattice periodicity modulates the volume fraction of each switching distribution and thus the overall material response. This reveals that deterministic creation of artificial superlattices is an effective pathway for designing materials with enhanced responses to applied bias.
Cyclic di-GMP Signaling Gone Astray: Cyclic GAMP Signaling via Hypr GGDEF and HD-GYP Enzymes

GGDEF domain and HD-GYP enzymes are classically associated with cyclic di-GMP signaling. Here we describe our current knowledge of variants of these enzyme classes that instead are involved in cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) signaling, including their discovery, recent elucidation of signature active site residues, specific phenotypes, and regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, we highlight our development of in vivo activity assays using riboswitch-based fluorescent biosensors that enabled the discovery and validation of these divergent signaling enzymes.
Diurnal variation of aerosol optical depth and PM2.5 in South Korea: a synthesis from aeronet, satellite (GOCI), KORUS-AQ observation, and WRF-Chem model

Abstract. Spatial distribution of diurnal variations of aerosol properties in South Korea, both long term and short term, is studied by using 9 AERONET sites from 1999 to 2017 and an additional 10 sites during the KORUS-AQ field campaign in May and June of 2016. The extent to which WRF-Chem model and the GOCI satellite retrieval can describe these variations is also analyzed. In daily average, Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at 550 nm is 0.386 and shows a diurnal variation of 20 to −30 % in inland sites, respectively larger than the counterparts of 0.308 and ±20 % in coastal sites. For all the inland and coastal sites, AERONET, GOCI, WRF-Chem, and observed PM 2.5 data consistently show dual peaks for both AOD and PM 2.5 , one at ∼10 KST and another ∼14 KST. In contrast, Angstrom exponent values in all sites are between 1.2 and 1.4 with the exception of the inland rural sites having smaller values near 1.0 during the early morning hours. All inland sites experience a pronounced increase of Angstrom Exponent from morning to evening, reflecting overall decrease of particle size in daytime. To statistically obtain the climatology of diurnal variation of AOD, a minimum of requirement of ∼2 years of observation is needed in coastal rural sites, twice more than the urban sites, which suggests that diurnal variation of AOD in urban setting is more distinct and persistent. While Korean GOCI satellite retrievals are able to consistently capture the diurnal variation of AOD, WRF-Chem clearly has the deficiency to describe the relatively change of peaks and variations between the morning and afternoon, suggesting further studies for the diurnal profile of emissions. Furthermore, the ratio between PM 2.5 and AOD in WRF-Chem is persistently larger than the observed counterparts by 30–50 % in different sites, but no consistent diurnal variation pattern of this ratio can be found. Overall, the relative small diurnal variation of PM 2.5 is in high contrast with large AOD diurnal variation, which suggests the large diurnal variation of AOD-PM2.5 relationships, and therefore, the need to use AOD from geostationary satellites for constrain either modeling or analysis of surface PM 2.5 for air quality application.
Lipid Droplets Maintain Energy Homeostasis and Glioblastoma Growth via Autophagic Release of Stored Fatty Acids

Recently, lipid metabolism reprogramming has been further evidenced in malignancies via the observation of large amounts of lipid droplets (LDs) in human tumors, including in glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal primary brain tumor. However, the role played by LDs in tumor cells remains unknown. Here, we show that triglycerides (TG), the major components of LDs, serve as a critical energy reservoir to support GBM cell survival. TG/LDs rapidly diminished in GBM cells upon glucose reduction, whereas inhibiting fatty acid oxidation or autophagy resulted in the accumulation of TG/LDs and strongly potentiated GBM cell death. Immunofluorescence imaging and time-lapse videos showed that LDs are hydrolyzed by autophagy to release free fatty acids that mobilize into mitochondria for energy production. Our study demonstrates that autophagy-mediated hydrolysis of TG/LDs maintains energy homeostasis and GBM survival upon glucose reduction, suggesting that limiting TG/LDs utilization might be necessary upon treating GBM.
Big data for climate action or climate action for big data

Under the banner of “data for good,” companies in the technology, finance, and retail sectors supply their proprietary datasets to development agencies, NGOs, and intergovernmental organizations to...
Light Scattering of Random Close Packed Nanorods

In this work, we investigate the scattering behavior of nanorods that are randomly packed at various densities and aspect ratios. We show that the maximum packing density, maximum scattering density, and the percolation threshold are all tightly related to Onsager excluded-area principle.
Connected communities improve hazard response: An agent-based model of social media behaviors during hurricanes

Abstract Social media platforms have a developing role in how people respond to hazards, providing a network to seek help and respond to help requests. Understanding the dynamics of behavior on social media networks can improve community-level hazard response efforts. People who experience damages may use social media to seek immediate help for debris removal, supplies delivery or emergency rescue, and peers connected on social media may respond by reposting the help request or providing help in person. This research develops an agent-based model (ABM) to simulate a community of individuals that use social media to seek help and respond to requests for help during a hurricane. Agents represent individuals that are in a community affected by a hurricane and share a social media network. Behavioral rules for seeking help and providing help are developed using the Theory of Planned Behavior and parametrized through analysis of a survey of social media use conducted in communities that were affected by 2018 Hurricanes Florence and Michael. The ABM simulates agents that post help requests, repost help requests, provide help in person, and receive help. A Design of Experiments approach is applied to assess how ABM parameters, including community size, connectivity of a network, damage rate, and propensity for using social media, influence the number of requests for help that are met through the social media network. Results demonstrate that high connectivity leads to rapid reposting and results in cascading responses to meet requests for help.
Domain-Specific Language Abstractions for Compression

Little attention has been given to language support for block-based compression algorithms, despite their high implementation complexity. Current implementations have to deal with both the intricacies of the algorithm itself, as well as the low-level optimizations necessary for generating fast code. However, many block-based compression algorithms share a common structure in terms of their data representations, data partitioning operations, and data traversals. In this work, we propose a set of high-level language abstractions that can succinctly capture this structure. These abstractions provide the building blocks for the development of a domain-specific language and an associated optimizing compiler. With compression-specific language support, researchers can focus on algorithm development rather than the low-level implementation details.
Oklahoma’s District 5th Congressional Race: Deep Red Mobilization Defeats the Blue Wave Incumbent

Oklahoma congressional elections rarely garner national attention. The 2020 Oklahoma 5th District race was different. Following Representative Kendra Horn’s (D) upset of the Republican incumbent in 2018, the Oklahoma 5th became a district Democrats focused on maintaining and Republicans prioritized regaining. In a politically diverse district with large urban, suburban, and rural constituencies the candidates faced the challenge of overcoming outside involvement in the campaign to craft politically moderate images without alienating their bases. In the end, this race like many in the 2020 cycle was a story of turnout. In Oklahoma, record turnout was a deep shade of red and State Senator Stephanie Bice (R) narrowly defeated the incumbent, returning the district to Republican control.
Biosynthesis of fungal polyketides by collaborating and trans-acting enzymes

Covering: 1999 up to 2021Fungal polyketides encompass a range of structurally diverse molecules with a wide variety of biological activities. The giant multifunctional enzymes that synthesize polyketide backbones remain enigmatic, as do many of the tailoring enzymes involved in functional modifications. Recent advances in elucidating biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) have revealed numerous examples of fungal polyketide synthases that require the action of collaborating enzymes to synthesize the carbon backbone. This review will discuss collaborating and trans-acting enzymes involved in loading, extending, and releasing polyketide intermediates from fungal polyketide synthases, and additional modifications introduced by trans-acting enzymes demonstrating the complexity encountered when investigating natural product biosynthesis in fungi.
Microsurgical Pontine Descending Tractotomy in Cases of Intractable Trigeminal Neuralgia.

BACKGROUND Current treatment strategies in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) include trials of medical therapy and surgical intervention, when necessary. In some patients, pain is not adequately managed with these existing strategies. OBJECTIVE To present a novel technique, ventral pontine trigeminal tractotomy via retrosigmoid craniectomy, as an adjunct treatment in TN when there is no significant neurovascular compression. METHODS We present a nonrandomized retrospective comparison between 50 patients who lacked clear or impressive arterial neurovascular compression of the trigeminal nerve as judged by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and intraoperative observations. These patients had intractable TN unresponsive to previous treatment. Trigeminal tractotomy was performed either alone or in conjunction with microvascular decompression. Stereotactic neuronavigation was used during surgery to localize the descending tract via a ventral pontine approach for descending tractotomy. RESULTS Follow-up was a mean of 44 months. At first follow-up, 80% of patients experienced complete relief of their pain, and 18% had partial relief. At the most recent follow-up, 74% of patients were considered a successful outcome. Only 1 (2%) patient had no relief after trigeminal tractotomy. Of those with multiple sclerosis-related TN, 87.5% experienced successful relief of pain at their latest follow-up. CONCLUSION While patient selection is a significant challenge, this procedure represents an option for patients with TN who have absent or equivocal neurovascular compression, multiple sclerosis-related TN, or recurrent TN.
Parent perceptions of quality of life and healthcare satisfaction for children with medical complexity.

PURPOSE To describe parent perceptions of their child's quality of life (QOL) and their satisfaction with health care for a group of children with medical complexity (CMC), and to determine whether parent perceptions of child well-being are associated with QOL and health care satisfaction. METHODS Participants were parents or legal guardians of children enrolled in a novel program of intensive outpatient care for CMC. Participants completed 7-item questionnaires to ascertain their perceptions of their child's well-being, QOL and health care satisfaction. RESULTS One hundred and ninety-one participants completed questionnaires (response rate 100%). 85% rated their child's QOL as excellent, very good, or good. 87% reported satisfaction with their child's health care. Fair or poor mental health was associated with fair or poor QOL (OR 1.09, p= 0.0002). More pain was associated with lower QOL (OR 1.07, p= 0.0022). Fewer days of play or school attendance were associated with lower satisfaction with health care (OR 1.09, p= 0.0003). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that more pain and worse mental health are associated with parental perceptions of the quality of life for their CMC. Clinicians who care for these children and their families should carefully and repeatedly assess for these important symptoms.
Does ELF chorus show evidence of power line stimulation

It has previously been reported (Luette et al, 1977) that electromagnetic chorus exhibits a longitudinal dependence, with enhanced occurrence over population centers (Alaska-New Zealand, Eastern U.S.—Canada, Western Europe and Western Siberia). This result has been cited as possible evidence of Power Line Harmonic Radiation (PLR) control of magnetospheric chorus. In this paper we report an analogous study using chorus data from OGO-5 to test this result. Chorus is found to exhibit maxima over the Eastern USSR, Greenland and Central Siberia and minima over central and Eastern Canada, a distribution significantly different than the OGO-3 result. This gross discrepancy is explained as an effect of data oversampling (persistence) in the method of analysis used in the previous study. The OGO-5 data are reanalyzed with the oversampling removed. It is found that none of the longitudinal maxima or minima are then statistically significant (<2σ). Thus, we find no statistically significant correlation between longitude and chorus occurrence which implies that there is little or no evidence of PLR effects on chorus triggering.
Design of a geostationary microwave precipitation radiometer

The Geostationary Microwave Precipitation Radiometer is a passive microwave radiometer system to be flown on the NASA Geostationary Earth Observatory. This instrument will provide microwave images for meteorology. It will measure radiation from the Earth and its atmosphere in seven frequency bands from 37 to 220 GHz. The instrument will have a 4.4*4.0 m offset parabolic antenna which will be mechanically scanned to provide images of the Earth in about two hours. The radiometer system uses a low-loss quasi-optical frequency multiplexer. This multiplexer divides the input signal into four separate focal planes for the different radiometers. Conventional low-noise heterodyne mixer systems were used for most of the radiometers. However, because of the narrow bandwidths required in the 54 and 118 GHz radiometers, low-noise millimeter-wave amplifiers were used in the first stage. >
Development of house dust mite-induced allergic airway disease in a murine model of sickle cell disease is associated with decreased regulatory cells and increased pulmonary pathology (HYP7P.283)

The hematologic disorder sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with unusually severe allergic asthma. To explore the mechanisms behind this heightened severity, allergic airway disease was induced in transgenic SCD mice and littermate (LM) controls via 2 wks of intranasal exposure to the clinically-relevant allergen house dust mite (HDM). Following final HDM exposure, animals were sacrificed for pathologic and cellular analyses. SCD was associated with nearly two-fold increase in leukocytes (p < 0.05) and more numerous inflammatory foci in the lung tissue as compared to LM controls. The proportion of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells was significantly reduced in SCD mice versus LM controls in the broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) (9% vs. 14% of CD4+ T cells, p < 0.05) and lung (9% vs. 14% of CD4+ T cells, p < 0.01) but not in the hilar (lung-draining) lymph node (HLN). Furthermore, the proportion of CD5+ B cells in SCD mice was nearly half that of LM controls in the BAL (p < 0.0001), lung (p < 0.01), and HLN (p < 0.05). Intriguingly, this B cell population includes regulatory B cells that our laboratory has shown to play an important role in murine models of asthma. The dearth of regulatory cells in SCD may influence the increased pathology seen in the lungs of SCD mice and could contribute to the heightened severity of allergic asthma seen in human SCD. Treatment of asthma in SCD could be enhanced through efforts to target these cellular populations.
A policy based approach to security for the semantic web

Along with developing specifications for the description of meta-data and the extraction of information for the Semantic Web, it is important to maximize security in this environment, which is fundamentally dynamic, open and devoid of many of the clues human societies have relied on for security assessment. Our research investigates the marking up of web entities with a semantic policy language and the use of distributed policy management as an alternative to traditional authentication and access control schemes. The policy language allows policies to be described in terms of deontic concepts and models speech acts, which allows the dynamic modification of existing policies, decentralized security control and less exhaustive policies. We present a security framework, based on this policy language, which addresses security issues for web resources, agents and services in the Semantic Web.
Expert System Advice: How Should it be Given?

Abstract : The objective of this research was to investigate different alternatives for pilot-computer interaction with a simulated expert system. Three methods of advice presentation were investigated -- automatic, subject requested, and a combination of the two. Also, three experience levels of the subjects were examined -- novice, intermediate, and expert. The dependent variables were total score for successful missions completed during the experimental session and average time to complete a successful mission. The analysis of the data revealed that the automatic condition was the best overall method for advice presentation (p.1) and the experience level of the subjects was not a significant factor.
Complement activation in EDTA blood/plasma samples may be caused by coagulation proteases

Publisher Summary Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), which complexes divalent ions, is a poor stabilizing agent to prevent ex vivo generation of C4a, whereas Futhan (nafamostat mesilate)—a powerful serine protease inhibitor—is an excellent stabilizing agent in this regard. On the other hand, heparin, when combined with EDTA, significantly reduces ex vivo generation of C4a, which may indicate an involvement of coagulation enzymes in C4 cleavage. It has been hypothesized that other enzymes of the coagulation or fibrinolytic system are responsible for at least a part of the ex vivo C4a generation that is observed in EDTA plasma. Even though many coagulation factors require phosphohpids or Ca 2+ for activation, in the chapter, the hypothesis that some coagulation enzymes may be able to cleave C3 and/or C4 in a Ca 2+ - and phospholipid-free environment has been tested. In the study described in this chapter, EDTA-plasma shows little ex vivo generation of C3a at 4°C within 48 hours, whereas C4a levels increased significantly. This effect is even more pronounced in whole blood that has undergone the same treatment. Heparin does not appear to be an effective stabilizing agent by itself, but works well when combined with EDTA. However, the best results are obtained with the serine protease inhibitor Futhan, indicating that enzymes of the complement activation and/or coagulation pathway possess residual activity after the divalent ions in plasma has been chelated by EDTA.