cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Your Natural Breasts: A Better Way to Augment, Reconstruct, and Correct Using Your Own Fat

Your Natural Breasts: A better Way to Augment, Reconstruct and Correct Using Your Own Fat by Roger Khouri, MD, and Thomas Biggs, MD, is an informative and insightful read. It describes the evolution of Brava and fat grafting for augmenting, correcting partial defects, and reconstructing the breast after mastectomy. The book is targeted for patients, giving them specific insights into Dr. Khouri’s center and his techniques. It contains pages of patients’ letters describing their experiences with Dr. Khouri at his breast center in Miami. These letters are funny, enlightening, and often heartwarming. Many of these patients he has treated could not be more appreciative of his talents. For medical professionals, the book gives the background on how Dr. Khouri developed the idea of external expansion for the breast after learning about distraction osteogenesis from Ilizarov. He provides basic information on his technique including the harvesting and transfer of fat. However, the information lacks the substance and specific directions that would make it instructional for other physicians, enabling them to duplicate his results. The authors spend time discussing the safety of fat transfer, describing fat as hormonally active, and explaining why this could be of concern. They discount the fact that fat transfer carries a risk and claim that it is safe. In addition, they assert that the plastic surgery community supports this position. Overall, the book is well written for the targeted demographic, but I find the following points highly debatable:
Oceanographic Variability and the Performance of Passive and Active Sonars in the Philippine Sea

Abstract : The Philippine Sea is one of the most dynamic oceanographic environments in world; moreover, the seafloor is rough. These two factors lead to doppler and range (time) spreading of forward scattered signals. ONR supported an multi-year experiment, PhilSea_09/10/11, where a water column vertical array (DVLA) by SIO, a towed array (FORA) MPL/SIO, SOFAR axis sources (T1 - T6) (SIO), J15 a moored and towed source (MIT & WHOI), and a SOFAR channel source (MP200) (U of Wash). All the sources and receivers were designed to operate in the 50 - 500 Hz band. The long term objective of the experiment is to characterize the short and long term variability of signal propagating in the Philippine Sea. A second long term goal is to measure the horizontal directivity of the ambient noise. The short term variability useful for charcterizing the performance of a sonar system can be specified by the scattering function. This function specifies the spreading terms of how a signal randomly redistibutes itself in a range (travel time)--doppler plane. This redistribution can be calculated as the two dimensional convolution of the signal ambiguity function and the scattering function in the range ? doppler plane. [1] The first objective is to measure the scattering function in the Philippine Sea using the assets provided by the PhilSea_09 experiment. The scattering function changes in response to long term varying oceanographic conditions such as done by tomographic measurements. The second objective is to estimate the azimuthal directional noise using the FORA array during the execution of the PhilSea_09 experiment.
Metabolic Abnormalities in Abstinent Methamphetamine Dependent Subjects.

Introduction: Chronic methamphetamine use results in persistent neuropsychological deficits in abstinent methamphetamine dependent (AMD) subjects. We examined the hypothesis that elevated concentration of cerebral glutamate (Glu), an excitatory neurotransmitter and neurotoxin, occurs in human AMD. Materials and Methods: We examined 40 subjects, 18 of whom were AMD, abstinent more than 3 weeks and 22 were age matched controls. A Structured Clinical Interview was applied to exclude AMD with comorbid depression. We used TE-Averaged technique of MRS to uniquely identify and quantify the glutamate resonance at 2.35 ppm on a 3T clinical MR scanner. Statistics, including Bonferroni correction for multiple MRS variables were applied. Results: Glu was significantly higher in frontal white matter of AMD (+19%, P = 0.01) and N-acetylaspartate (NAA), an axonal marker, was lower (-14%, P = 0.004). No significant MRS abnormalities were detected in posterior gray matter. Significant correlations were observed between NAA and Glu (P = 0.002 for AMD and P = 0.06 for controls in the posterior gray matter and P = 0.01 for controls and not significant for AMD in the frontal white matter). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate a significant excess of glutamate in frontal white matter of AMD subjects and offer support for the hypothesis that methamphetamine abuse may exert its long-term neuro-toxicity via glutamate.
Emerging Routes to Environmental Activism: Lake Erie Sportsmen and the League of Women Voters

This paper comparatively examines how the League of Women Voters and Lake Erie sportsmen emerged to awaken the public to the pollution crisis affecting the Lake Erie watershed in the mid-twentieth century. Recognizing the degradation of the smallest of the Great Lakes due to the explosion of wartime industrial development and population growth, the League and the sportsmen commenced a decades-long struggle to clean up the lake and its tributaries through direct action in urban areas throughout the Lake Erie watershed. Disgusted by a fall in the number of fish, caused by cyanide poisoning, and the effect of oil on waterfowl, the sportsmen pressed for pollution control. The League members’ approach to water resources, on the other hand, was based on a broad and academic perspective regarding water quality and quantity in response to a series of regionally severe droughts that plagued the United States in the late 1940s and mid-1950s, and led to a national debate on water shortages and supplies. Ultimately, this paper examines two distinctly different approaches to an environmental emergency in the immediate postwar era.
Prosocial Content in a Local Children's Television Program: A Case Study, 1972-2002

The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate prosocial content of a local children’s television series News Six produced by WBGU-TV, Bowling Green, Ohio. A stratified random sample of 114 programs (228 news stories) broadcast between 1972-2002 was coded for story setting, theme, prosocial messages, and primary message attributes. Results of a nonfrequency content analysis indicate that portrayals of altruistic behaviors, such as helping, sharing, caring, and cooperation, composed the most prevalent group of story themes. Overall, results demonstrate that the News Six series is rich with community, school and family-oriented content. Analysis suggests that the three-decade success of News Six is based on a creative partnership between students, parents, teachers, community representatives, and television professionals.
Radiotherapeutic management of primary thyroid lymphoma.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiotherapeutic management of 38 patients, with malignant lymphoma of the thyroid, seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1965 and 1979. There were 8 males and 30 females with ages ranging from 34 to 90 years (mean age of 65 years). A tissue diagnosis was made in all patients and tissue was available for reclassification under the “Working Formulation” in 31 of the 38 patients. Twenty-six patients had intermediate grade histology, four low grade and one indeterminate. Twenty patients were clinical Stage IE, 14 patients Stage IIE, one patient Stage IIIE, one patient Stage IV and two patients were unstaged. All patients were treated with approximately 4000 rad megavoltage irradiation (range 2400–6000 rad) to the neck only (10 patients) or neck and mediastinum (28 patients). Twenty patients received subdiaphragmatic radiotherapy and four patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. Median follow-up was 56 months with minimum follow-up of 30 months. Overall disease-free survival at five years was 59%. Of 14 patients who experienced a recurrence, 10 (71%) failed in two or more sites. The most common site of failure was in para-aortic lymph nodes. One year survival following recurrence was 29%; however, four of six patients receiving salvage therapy survived at least two years. Patients receiving radiation treatment to the neck and mediastinum and those with no gross residual disease at the initiation of radiotherapy were less likely to develop a recurrence. Patients receiving a planned break during the course of therapy did not have reduced overall disease-free survival. However, 4 of 20 patients (20%) who received split course therapy failed within the radiation fields compared to 2 of 18 patients (11%) who had no treatment break. Only 1 of 4 patients (25%) receiving adjuvant chemotherapy survived one year. Side effects of radiotherapy were minimal. We believe the radiotherapeutic management of clinical Stage IE and HE primary thyroid lymphoma should include treatment of the neck, axillae and mediastinum to a dose of approximately 4000 rad using a continuous course technique. Additionally, gross total removal of the disease surgically may be beneficial.
Issues for management thought and research

One of the tenets of the editors of The Journal of Product Innovation Management is the principle, probably first enunciated by social scientist Kurt Lewin, that there is nothing more practical than a good theory. That principle is one that draws together academics and practicing managers to the journal's task of advancing the management of product innovation. It is a principle that says to academics that their theories must meet the test of utility, and to managers that it can be useful to develop a theoretical perspective. Questions of practice and theory emerged in the first two issues of the journal when members of the Editorial Board presented a series of viewpoints on the issues they thought would be significant for the future of product innovation management. These were viewpoints that questioned our current practices and suggested
The sensing of retinal size.

Abstract This study examines the interpretation that under reduced conditions of observation the perceived size of an object is the result of a direct response to retinal size. In opposition to this interpretation is the size-distance invariance hypothesis stating that a perceived size results from a retinal size only when an appropriate perceived distance is also present. Four experiments were conducted. The first two experiments indicate that in the absence of distance cues, perceived size is proportional to retinal size. The last two experiments suggest that this result is a consequence of the tendency, under reduced conditions, to perceive the objects at a common (specific) distance. The results support the size-distance invariance hypothesis and are in opposition to the direct perception of retinal size. The possible significance of the specific distance tendency is discussed for binocular as well as monocular conditions of observation.
The role of carbohydrates in the biology of cestodes. III. Studies on two species from dogfish.

Abstract The cestodes, Calliobothrium verticillatum and Lacistorhynchus tenuis ferment exogenous glucose and galactose but do not ferment nor remove from the medium mannose, fructose, maltose, trehalose, sucrose, raffinose, lactose, or glycogen. Sorbitol and dulcitol are not fermented to acidic products. When the dogfish host is starved for 8 days there is a marked reduction in the size and number of Lacistorhynchus tenuis harbored. The reduction in worm size and worm loss is prevented by oral administration of starch or, to a lesser extent by, glucose during the 8-day period.
Epoxide tethering of polymeric N-halamine moieties

Three heterocyclic N-halamine structures containing amine, amide, or both functional groups were immobilized onto cotton fabric through epoxide tethering. The coatings were rendered biocidal upon exposure to dilute household bleach solution. The coatings exhibited superior biocidal functionality with complete inactivation of about 6 logs of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7 within 2–10 min contact time depending on the structure. Moreover, the coatings were quite stable against repeated laundering so that recharging was not even necessary after 50 washing cycles. Stability of the coatings against ultraviolet light exposure was studied with a comparison of the amide- and amine-containing N-halamines.
Hibernation-induction peptide and cell death: [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin blocks Bax-related apoptotic processes.

The psychostimulant methamphetamine, both in vivo and in vitro, caused a mitochondrial cytochrome c release, the translocation of Bax from cytosol into mitochondrion, and the oligomerization of Bax. These effects by methamphetamine were blocked by a neuroprotective and hibernation-induction δ opioid peptide [d-Ala2,d-Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE). These results suggest that methamphetamine causes apoptosis by affecting the dynamics of Bax and that the neuroprotective property of DADLE may be due partly to its ability to potently block Bax-related apoptotic processes.
Identification of a second antifungal isoflavan from diseased Phaseolus vulgaris tissue

Abstract A second antifungal isoflavan has been isolated from diseased bean hypocotyls and identified as 2′-methoxyphascollinisoflavan.
Surgical resection is justified in non-small cell lung cancer patients with node negative T4 satellite lesions.

Background The management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) depends on the stage, with a satellite nodule in the same lobe being classified as T4 stage IIIB even in node negative patients. Controversy exists as to the optimal management of these patients. Our objectives were to evaluate the outcomes in surgically resected patients with a T4 satellite lesion and to analyze the prognostic factors associated with outcome. Methods Patients who underwent resection for T4 (satellite nodule) N0-2M0 were identified. Patients with pure bronchoalveolar carcinoma were excluded. The primary endpoint studied was overall survival. Multiple covariates were analyzed for association with survival and recurrence. Results A total of 51 T4 N0-2 patients (men 22, women 29; median age 71 years [48 to 87]) underwent resection over a 7-year period. At a median follow-up of 26.4 months the estimated 5-year overall survival was 26% (95% confidence interval [CI] 14% to 50%; median survival 25.2 months). The estimated 5-year overall survival for T4 N0 patients was 40% (95% CI 23% to 68%; median survival 34.8 months). Size of the primary tumor, histology, and nodal status were significantly associated with overall survival; size and nodal status were significantly associated with disease-free survival. Conclusions Our results indicate that T4 (satellite nodule) N0 patients experienced excellent survival after surgical resection. These data support surgical resection in node negative patients. Size, histology, and nodal status were important prognostic variables associated with outcome. Consideration should be given to multimodality treatment in patients with adverse prognostic features. Further larger multiinstitutional studies are required to validate these findings.
SYNTHESIS AND OPIATE ACTIVITY OF HUMAN β-ENDORPHIN ANALOGS WITH VARIOUS CHAIN LENGTHS

The synthesis of beta h-endorphin -(1--15), -(1--21), -(1--26), -(1--28) and -(1--29) have been accomplished by the solid-phase method. The opiate activities of the peptides were measured in the guinea pig ileum assay. Their relative potencies were beta h-endorphin (beta h-EP), 1.00; Met-enkephalin, 0.25: beta h-EP-(1--15), 0.17; beta H-EP-(1--21), 0.46; beta H-EP-(1-26), 0.48; beta h-EP-(1--28), 0.89; beta h-EP-(1--29), 1.04.
How I treat heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis.

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is one of the most common and potentially devastating of immune-mediated drug reactions.[1][1] The clinical manifestations of this disorder are initiated by antibodies directed against platelet factor 4 (PF4), which becomes an antigenic target when bound to
Pulse Pressure Contour Method Testing Via Hybrid Computer Simulation

A variety of methods have been proposed for determining cardiac output from the shape of the central pulse pressure contour. Each of these methods uses a calibrated constant of proportionality to relate the stroke volume to the specific function of the pulse pressure contour.
The Bimodal Energy Landscape When Polymers Adsorb

We describe the histogram of chain conformations that results when flexible polymers adsorb more quickly than the surface structure equilibrates. By infrared analysis of conformational substates in a model system (poly(methyl methacrylate) adsorbed primarily by hydrogen bonding onto oxidized silicon), this histogram was measured and found to be bimodal. One large population of chains spread into flattened conformations. A second large population of chains, finding less free surface available at the time of adsorption, became attached more tenuously. The history dependence of adsorption could be understood as the irreversible adsorption of objects with flexible shape. This interpretation differs decisively from the traditional considerations of minimizing the free energy.
Comparison Star Sequences for Optical Photometry of Active Galactic Nuclei and Quasars

As part of a campaign to monitor 23 quasars and Seyfert 1 galaxies on timescales of minutes to a few months, we obtained broadband relative photometry of more than 140 different "comparison" stars. We attained typical 1 ? flux uncertainties of 2% through differential photometry of field stars in the same CCD frames as the active galactic nuclei (AGNs). These stars form i-band (?eff ~ 0.7 ?m), yellow (0.59 ?m), and blue (0.45 ?m) photometric sequences for the further monitoring of these AGNs. For about half these fields, we use absolute photometry to calibrate the relative magnitudes. Finding charts, filter prescriptions, comparison star relative photometry, and some tentative variable star identifications are presented. Also included are the foundations of the AGN photometry, which appears in a companion paper in The Astrophysical Journal.
Genetic identification of an unknown Rhagoletis fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) infesting Chinese crabapple: implications for apple pest management.

ABSTRACT The apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a serious introduced quarantine pest in the apple (Malus spp.)-growing regions of central Washington and Oregon. In August 2011, seven fly larvae of unknown origin were discovered infesting fruit of an exotic Chinese crabapple, Malus spectabilis (Aiton) Borkhausen, in Kennewick, Benton County, WA. If confirmed, Chinese crabapple would have represented a new host for R. pomonella in Washington and triggered quarantine measures in a surrounding three-county region of the state. Here, we establish, based on five microsatellite loci, the identity of the crabapple-infesting larvae as the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, representing a new host record for the fly. Morphological analysis of six flies reared to adulthood confirmed the genetic identification. The results demonstrate the utility of integrating rapid genetic identification methods with field surveys of economic pests, which decreased detection ...
Comparison of pelvic fin rays, scales and otoliths for estimating age and growth of bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus

The suitability of three anatomical structures to determine age and growth of bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus (Suckley), was assessed. Scales and pelvic fin rays collected from recaptured bull trout 96-265 mm TL were used to validate annulus formation and assess the accuracy and precision of back calculation. Ageing precision and agreement of assigned ages were compared among scales, fin rays and otoliths from bull trout 52-711 mm TL. Annulus formation was validated for 88% (14 of 16 fish) of recaptured bull trout using pelvic fin rays and 68% using scales (15 of 22 fish). Annulus formation in fin rays occurred between late April to early June, and the hyaline (non-growth) band began forming in late August. Back-calculated length was not significantly different from measured length at initial capture either for fin rays or scales (P greater-than-or-equal 0.19), and absolute percent error was 7.2 ± 1.2 (mean ± SE; n = 14) for fin rays and 8.7 ± 1.9 (n = 15) for scales. Consistency of back-calculated lengths at age between tag and recapture samples for individual fish was similar for fin rays (mean absolute difference = 8.2% ± 0.9; n = 33) and scales (9.4% ± 1.4; n = 40). However, fin rays (87% precision) and otoliths (90%) provided notably higher ageing precision than scales (68%) and closer agreement of assigned ages, particularly for fish older than age 4. Pelvic fin rays appear to offer more accurate and precise age and growth determinations than scales and a non-lethal alternative to otoliths, but further work is needed to validate the accuracy and precision of ageing large, migratory bull trout.
Use of statistical models based on radiographic measurements to predict oviposition date and clutch size in rock iguanas (Cyclura nubila)

The ability to noninvasively estimate clutch size and predict oviposition date in reptiles can be useful not only to veterinary clinicians but also to managers of captive collections and field researchers. Measurements of egg size and shape, as well as position of the clutch within the coelomic cavity, were taken from diagnostic radiographs of 20 female Cuban rock iguanas, Cyclura nubila, 81 to 18 days prior to laying. Combined with data on maternal body size, these variables were entered into multiple regression models to predict clutch size and timing of egg laying. The model for clutch size was accurate to 0.53 ± 0.08 eggs, while the model for oviposition date was accurate to 6.22 ± 0.81 days. Equations were generated that should be applicable to this and other large Cyclura species. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Laminin receptor expression in rat intestine and liver during development and differentiation

Abstract Background/Aims: Studies have identified a 67-kilodalton high-affinity laminin receptor (LR) whose expression has also been related to development, differentiation, and neoplastic transformation. The relationship of the 67-kilodalton LR to hepatic and enterocyte development and to enterocyte differentiation was investigated. Methods: LR messenger RNA (mRNA) was identified using a complementary DNA isolated from a rat crypt cell library. LR and integrin (α6, β1, and β4) expression by rat intestinal crypt cells was compared with that of the more differentiated villus cells using Northern blotting. Developmental differences in LR expression were studied in fetal and neonatal rats. The pattern of LR expression in fetal and adult rat intestines was examined further by in situ hybridization. Results: LR mRNA levels were highest in fetal liver and intestine and adult rat crypt cells. LR mRNA levels were 9–10 times greater in crypt than in villus cells. Integrin subunit expression differed little between crypt and villus cells. Nascent transcription studies showed that the proportion of newly transcribed LR mRNA per total RNA synthesized was similar for crypt and villus cells, suggesting posttranscriptional control of LR mRNA levels in villus cells. Conclusions: Increased LR mRNA expression is a feature of the fetal intestine and of the undifferentiated, mitotically active crypt cells.
Cloning efficiency. A possible prognostic indicator in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Seventy-three squamous cell carcinomas arising in the head and neck region were cultured using the soft agar clonogenic system. Thirty-six (49%) demonstrated clonal growth. The cloning efficiency was variable, ranging from 0.001% to 1.67% (median, 0.004%). Statistically significant correlations of high cloning efficiency with advanced local class, increased stage, and decreased survival were observed. There was no correlation between cloning efficiency and T-class or modified Jakobsson's histologic grade. A cloning efficiency of greater than or equal to 0.005% was associated with a high likelihood of death from disease or the development of recurrent disease. For head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, the cloning efficiency in soft agar appears to be a potentially useful prognostic indicator.
High frequency GaN/AlGaN HEMT class-E power amplifier

We report the analysis and simulation of GaN/AlGaN HEMT microwave class-E power amplifiers. The load network of the class-E amplifier is designed by considering exponential decay of the drain current during fall time and finite quality factor of the resonant circuit to incorporate the nonidealities of the active device and passive components. The class-E amplifier has been simulated using Cadence circuit simulator with different HEMT structures. Calculated output power and power conversion efficiency are 93 mW and 72% at 1 GHz that decreases to 69 mW and 68% at 11 GHz, respectively for a 1 lm � 150 lm GaN/Al0:25Ga0:75N HEMT. For a 0:12 lm � 100 lm GaN/Al0:20Ga0:80N HEMT the corresponding quantities are 131 mW, 82%, 87 mW and 77%, respectively. 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Detecting stimulus driven changes in functional brain connectivity

We consider the problem of detecting stimulus driven changes in brain functional connectivity. Estimating functional connectivity from fMRI data sampled over a small time period is difficult - there is simply not enough data to permit reliable estimates. We investigate the use of a sparse Gaussian graphical model regularized by a graph learned from data sampled over a longer time period. We establish a framework to identify the changes in brain connectivity driven by short-term stimuli. Results of experiments on both synthetic and real fMRI data illustrate the attributes of our methods as well as the difficulty of the problem.
Separation of Enantiomers of Isochromene Derivatives by HPLC Using Cyclodextrin-Based Stationary Phases

Twenty chiral isochromene derivatives have been chromatographed on native and derivatized cyclodextrin stationary phases using HPLC. The most effective CSPs for the enantioresolution of these analytes in the reverse phase mode are the hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (Cyclobond RSP), the 2,3-dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin (Cyclobond DM), and the γ-cyclodextrin (Cyclobond II) stationary phases. The α-cyclodextrin (Cyclobond III), β-cyclodextrin (Cyclobond I), acetyl-β-cyclodextrin (Cyclobond AC), S-1-naphthylethyl carbamate-β-cyclodextrin (Cyclobond SN), and 3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate-β-cyclodextrin (Cyclobond DMP) stationary phases also show enantioselectivities for some analytes. No enantioseparations were observed in the polar organic mode and only a few separations were found in the normal phase mode. The Cyclobond RSP CSP provided the best overall separations of these analytes in the reverse phase mode. The pH of the mobile phase and the nature of organic modifiers have little effect on the enantioresolution. The substituents on the isochromene ring greatly affect the chiral recognition.
Identifying and mapping cell-type-specific chromatin programming of gene expression

A problem of substantial interest is to systematically map variation in chromatin structure to gene-expression regulation across conditions, environments, or differentiated cell types. We developed and applied a quantitative framework for determining the existence, strength, and type of relationship between high-resolution chromatin structure in terms of DNaseI hypersensitivity and genome-wide gene-expression levels in 20 diverse human cell types. We show that ∼25% of genes show cell-type-specific expression explained by alterations in chromatin structure. We find that distal regions of chromatin structure (e.g., ±200 kb) capture more genes with this relationship than local regions (e.g., ±2.5 kb), yet the local regions show a more pronounced effect. By exploiting variation across cell types, we were capable of pinpointing the most likely hypersensitive sites related to cell-type-specific expression, which we show have a range of contextual uses. This quantitative framework is likely applicable to other settings aimed at relating continuous genomic measurements to gene-expression variation.
Iridacyclopentadiene Reactions with Terminal Alkynes: Tandem Cycloaromatization and Orthometalation

Treatment of the iridacyclopentadiene complex (1, R = CO2CH3) with silver tetrafluoroborate, followed by addition of a terminal alkyne (ethyne, ethyl ethnynyl ether, methyl propargyl ether), yields iridium(III) aryl-hydride complexes (6-H, R1 = H; 6-OEt, R1 = OCH2CH3; 6-CH2OMe, R1 = CH2OCH3). The structure of 6-OEt was established by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Treatment of 6-H with either HCl or carbon monoxide results in demetalation to give tetramethyl 1,2,3,4-benzenetetracarboxylate [C6(CO2Me)4H2]. When 3-butyn-2-ol and propargyl alcohol are employed as substrates, a similar reaction occurs with 1/AgBF4 to produce the phthalimidyl complexes (7-H, R1 = H; 7-Me, R1 = CH3). The lactone ring in 7 is generated from an intramolecular transesterification of the hydroxyl with an adjacent methyl ester. In all cases these products are attributed to tandem cycloaromatization and orthometalation processes.
Requirement for potassium and pH shift in host-mediated sporangiospore extrusion from trichospores of Smittium culisetae and other Smittium species

The stimulus for the extrusion of sporangiospores (germination) from trichospores of Smittium species (Trichomycetes) during passage through host guts was examined by means of mosquito larva dissections and in vitro extrusion experiments. Sporangiospore extrusion in S. culisetae was stimulated by a sequence of two phases: Phase 1, which consisted of potassium at pH 10; Phase II, which involved a drop in the pH to 6–8. Exposure of trichospores to 15 min or less at each phase was sufficient for optimal extrusion. The extrusion process generally occurred in less than 10 s. Sporangiospores of S. culisetae were extruded and formed holdfasts during Phase II whereas S. culicis sporangiospores were extruded at Phase I and formed holdfasts only during Phase II. Phases I and II correspond to physiological conditions within the host midgut and hindgut, respectively. This sequence of phases suggests a basis for hindgut specificity and host specificity in Smittium species.
Improved multi-level Newton solvers for fully coupled multi-physics problems

An algorithm is suggested to improve the efficiency of the multi-level Newton method that is used to solve multi-physics problems. It accounts for full coupling between the subsystems by using the direct differentiation method rather than error prone finite difference calculations and retains the advantage of greater flexibility over the tightly coupled approaches. Performance of the algorithm is demonstrated by solving a fluid–structure interaction problem. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
736: Angiogenic biomarkers for the prediction of pregnancy complications in women with suspected preeclampsia

cluded: death, RDS, grades 3 or 4 IVH, sepsis, NEC, or retinopathy of prematurity. The primary composite maternal outcome included: death, pulmonary edema, blood transfusion, ARDS, CVA, ATN, DIC, or liver rupture. RESULTS: Of 9960 evaluated pregnancies, 114 delivered 20 weeks and 101 had major fetal birth defects. Overall 28.2% had PAH 19.2% mild GTHN, 2.0% severe GHTN, 3.8% mild PrE, and 3.1% severe PrE. Outcome risks by PAH type (all p-values 0.001) and adjusted ORs (with no PAH as referent) are given (Table). Maternal and perinatal outcomes were elevated the most for severe PrE (2.6 to 9-fold) and least for mild GHTN (0.7 to 2.4-fold). CONCLUSION: The risks of adverse outcomes increase with severity of PAH sub-type. Mild PrE has similar perinatal risks to severe GHTN but maternal risks are greater.
New procedure for extension analysis in exploratory factor analysis.

Exploratory common factors have been correlated with variables external to the factor analysis by either extension analysis estimates or by correlating the external variables with estimated factor scores. In item analysis, a set of such correlations with possible scales is often computed for final item selection. The purposes of the present article are to document a problem common to both methods of estimating such correlations and to propose a new method of extension analysis that avoids this problem with less restriction assumptions. Solutions for a common data set by all three methods of extension analysis are presented that show the expected difficulties and improvements in the results. Because the new extension procedure gives the correlations without using estimated factor scores, use of this extension procedure eliminates factor indeterminacy from the multiple ways to estimate common factor scores. This method of evaluating possible scales was shown to have advantages over item-remainder correlatio...
Residual capacity estimation of bridges using structural health monitoring data

In this study, a vibration-based procedure for residual capacity estimation of bridges after damaging earthquake events is proposed. The procedure starts with estimation of collapse capacity of the intact bridge using incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) curves. The collapse capacity is defined as the median intensity level of the earthquakes that cause global or local collapse within the structure. A database of post-earthquake modal properties is created by calculating the analytical modal properties of the bridge after each nonlinear response history analysis performed for generation IDA curves. After the damaging event, experimental modal properties of the bridge are identified from vibration measurements of the bridge. These properties along with the modal properties database are used to find ground motionintensity pairs that can drive nonlinear FE model of the structure to the current damage state of the bridge. The IDA curves corresponding to the damaged FE model of the bridge are subsequently used to estimate amount of loss in collapse capacity of the damaged structure. Estimated loss in capacity of the bridge besides the bridge-site-specific seismic hazard curves are used to update the functionality status of the bridge. Proposed procedure is applied to experimental data from a large-scale shake table test on a quarter-scale model of a short-span reinforced concrete bridge. The bridge was subjected to a series of earthquake ground motions introducing progressive seismic damage to the bridge which finally led to the failure of one of the bents. Residual collapse capacity and functionality status of the bridge are updated at different stages of the experiment using the proposed procedure.
Fabrication of Magnetic Nanostructures for MRAM using Electron Beam and Focused Ion Beam Exposure of HSQ

Giant magnetoresistive (GMR) materials-based magnetic random access memory (MRAM) has become attractive due to non-volatility, speed and density1. The vertical MRAM (VMRAM) design model shows good signal level and high speed and density potential. The memory cell for the VMRAM model is a ring shaped magnetic material multilayer, which ensures high repeatability and low switching energy. This GMR structure, however, is difficult to pattern as it contains materials such as Ni, Fe, Co, and Cu, which are difficult to dry etch because they lack volatile etch products. This work shows that it is possible to overcome the difficulties associated with etching GMR materials by using hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) as an etch mask. We have used HSQ in a direct-write electron-beam lithography system with a dose of 600 μC/cm2, and in a Ga+ ion focused ion beam (FIB) system with a dose of 12 μC/cm2. Both are followed by development and an argon plasma etch at 10mTorr and 100W RIE power. The HSQ layer provides high resolution as well as good etching resistance. Electron-beam exposed HSQ shows a 1:1.5 selectivity over the GMR film stack and the FIB exposed HSQ showed an improved etch selectivity of 1:1. Ring shaped GMR structures with a 75/225 nm (ID/OD) have been fabricated, which corresponds to a memory density of 4Gb/in2.
Reducing Cesarean Deliveries in Low‐Risk, Nulliparous, Term, Singleton, Vertex Women

Professional Issues Poster Presentation Purpose for the Program To reduce cesarean deliveries in nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex (NTSV) women by 10% during the next 18 months from 28.3% to 25.5%. Proposed Change To train a multidisciplinary team in rapid process improvement (RPI) techniques and promote the use of quality tools to plan, prioritize, and execute rapid cycle testing to empower team members to actively participate in successful quality initiatives. This lays the foundation to build a culture of continuous quality improvement. Implementation, Outcomes, and Evaluation Reducing cesarean rates in NTSV women is a perinatal quality measure endorsed by the National Quality Forum (NQF) and The Joint Commission (TJC). In 2014, TJC is mandating hospitals with more than 1,100 deliveries per year to report this quality indicator (PC-02). When we began this process, our cesarean rate in NTSV women was 28.3%. A multidisciplinary team convened to participate in a 90-day RPI program. The team established a goal to reduce cesareans in NTSV women by 10% (25.5%) during the next 12 to 18 months. By using tools provided in the RPI program, the team collected baseline data, mapped current and ideal flow processes, completed a cause and effect analysis (Fishbone diagram) and priority impact matrix to determine what initiatives to focus on first. Administrative support was secured. Oxytocin order sets were standardized. A minimum Bishop score of greater than 8 was mandated to schedule an elective induction. Widespread educational efforts were set in motion, including a Grand Rounds presentation on Preventing the First Cesarean Delivery. Nurses were educated on calculating Bishop scores, order set changes, benefits of laboring down, and the importance of complying with existing guidelines. Ideas solicited from our Family Advisory council fostered community educational efforts that promoted the importance of completing the full 40 weeks of pregnancy. In July, 2013 (7 months into this initiative), our rate was 26.3%, which demonstrated a 7% reduction in the cesarean rate. Hospitalist and resident staff (early adopters) who embraced an evidence-based labor algorithm realized a 14.8% reduction in the cesarean rate (27% down to 23%), and NICU admissions for NTSV deliveries decreased 18% (17.1–13.9%) for our early adopters. It is critical to fully understand processes and collect complete baseline data to effectively target interventions for the greatest effect. Future efforts will focus on medically induced patients. Implications for Nursing Practice It is essential to involve frontline staff and set clear expectations to promote evidence-based practices. Valuable quality tools exist to guide and sustain quality improvement endeavors.
Credit Card Forensics

Afew years ago, local law enforcement brought an interesting question to one of my research laboratories: Why were street criminals carrying around pockets full of hotel room keys? Arrests of the local criminals were producing a virtual cornucopia of hotel room keys of all shapes and sizes. In addition, the police found gift cards, rewards cards, player’s cards, calling cards, membership cards—virtually everything that had a magnetic stripe on it. It turned out that the magnetic stripes contained credit card information. The source data was either “skimmed” or “duped” from the original card and then recorded on the magnetic stripe of hotel room keys with widely available card reader/writers. There was a burgeoning industry in this form of credit card fraud, with well-organized groups working within a moderately well-defined chain of command. The street criminals were collecting the information and passing it up to the criminal leadership who then either imprinted the account information on the room keys, brokered the
Diffusion-weighted MRI of focal cystic pancreatic lesions at 3.0-Tesla: preliminary results

To determine the utility of 3.0-Tesla diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for focal cystic pancreatic lesion (FCPL) characterization. 55 FCPL (34 IPMN, 5 serous cystadenoma, and 16 inflammatory) were evaluated. Two radiologists reviewed in consensus DW-MRI images. Reference standard was obtained from patient history, cytological and histopathology data, FCPL fluid analysis, and follow-up imaging results. Signal intensity (SI) and apparent diffusion coefficient values (ADC) of FCPL and normal pancreas were measured. FCPL-to-pancreas SI and ADC ratios were also calculated. Qualitatively, 11 of 21 non-mucinous vs. 4 of 34 mucinous lesions appeared hyperintense at b value of 1,000 s/mm2 (P = 0.02). Three FCPL demonstrated restricted diffusion: all inflammatory. Significant differences in mean ADC between neoplastic vs. non-neoplastic (P = 0.009), and mucinous vs. non-mucinous (P = 0.013) lesions were demonstrated. FCPL-to-pancreas ADC and SI ratios demonstrated significant differences between neoplastic vs. non-neoplastic lesions [ADC, (P = 0.019); SI for b values 750 (P = 0.010) and 1,000 s/mm2 (P = 0.017)] and mucinous vs. non-mucinous lesions [ADC (P = 0.018); SI for b values 750 (P = 0.013) and 1,000 s/mm2 (P = 0.015)]. Although mean ADC values and FCPL-to-pancreas SI and ADC ratios may be helpful in differentiating FCPL, characterization of individual FCPL by means of 3.0-Tesla DW-MRI appears limited.
Biocompatibility testing of an experimental fluoride releasing resin using human gingival epithelial cells in vitro.

Cell culture is a valuable method of evaluating the biocompatibility of new dental materials. The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro biocompatibility of an experimental fluoride composite resin with fluoride and non-fluoride-releasing materials currently available. The dental materials tested were: MQ Silicate (silicate cement), KETAC-CEM and FUJI (type II glass ionomer cements), VISIO DISPERS (a light-cured, nonfluoridated, microfilled composite resin), and FR-17 (an experimental fluoride-releasing composite resin). The Smulow-Glickman (S-G) human, gingival epithelial cell line, which exhibits semidifferentiated characteristics, was used in the study as a test system. Biocompatibility was quantified by counting the viable cells per unit area remaining after 24 and 48 h at two radial distances from cured specimens immersed in the cell culture medium. The test materials were observed to be most toxic to cells nearest the materials. A Time-Distance Cytotoxicity Index (TDCI) was calculated to relate the percentage of dead cells to viable cells at each diffusion distance for each exposure time compared to a nontoxic control. The relative toxicity ranking of the materials tested based on the TDCI was VISIO DISPERS (91%), FUJI (82%), FR-17 (30%), MQ Silicate (23%), and KETAC-CEM (10%), which exhibited the least toxicity. The cytotoxicity of the experimental resin FR-17 was within the range of cytotoxicity of currently accepted restorative materials.
Resonance Broadening of Absorption Lines

A general theory of line broadening is used to study the effects of collisions on absorption line shapes when self-broadening is important. Special attention is focused on the role of processes in which an excited atom transfers its electronic excitation to an unexcited atom; it is this process which distinguishes self-broadening from foreign-gas broadening. Several forms for the absorption rate are presented corresponding to particular assumptions about the amplitudes associated with this phenomenon. For example, one approximation leads to a generalized Lorentz-Lorenz law in which the one-atom polarizability is replaced by one that accounts for line broadening. Finally, the importance of many-body effects in the calculation of the linewidth is briefly discussed to determine when simple impact theories are applicable.
The Concept of ‘Ecological Complex’: A Critique*

Abstract. This paper presents certain distinct and fundamental short comings contained in ecological explanations that rely upon physical variables. The limitations stem from the continuation of impersonal notions and questionable analytical premises.
Quantification and reduction of ghosting artifacts in interleaved echo-planar imaging.

A mathematical analysis of ghosting artifacts often seen in interleaved echo-planar images (EPI) is presented. These artifacts result from phase and amplitude discontinuities between lines of k-space in the phase-encoding direction, and timing misregistrations from system filter delays. Phase offsets and time delays are often measured using “reference” scans, to reduce ghosting through post-processing. From the expressions describing ghosting artifacts, criteria were established for reducing ghosting to acceptable levels. Subsequently, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) requirements for estimation of time delays and phase offsets, determined from reference scans, was evaluated to establish the effect of estimation error on artifact reduction for interleaved EPI. Artifacts resulting from these effects can be reduced to very low levels when appropriate reference scan estimation is used. This has important implications for functional MRI (fMRI) and applications involving small changes in signal intensity.
Bound magnetic polarons in diluted magnetic semiconductors: The high-temperature regime.

We show that the spin splitting of donor-bound magnetic polarons in diluted magnetic semiconductors is an increasing function of temperature in the high-temperature region. The magnitude of this effect is discussed in terms of crystal composition, external magnetic field, and impurity concentration. The effect may give an explanation for recently observed anomalous band-edge behavior of wurtzite-type ${\mathrm{Cd}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathrm{x}}$Se and ${\mathrm{Zn}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathrm{x}}$Se with high Mn concentrations.
An Integrated Evaluation of Nonspeech Oral Motor Treatments

Purpose This article functions as an epilogue to the clinical forum examining the use of nonspeech oral motor treatments (NSOMTs) to remediate speech sound disorders in children. Method Conclusions to eight clinical questions are formed based on the findings that were reported in the clinical forum. Theoretical and clinical challenges are also identified. Conclusion NSOMTs have serious theoretical and empirical shortcomings. At present, there is insufficient evidence to support the routine clinical application of these procedures to remediate developmental speech sound disorders.
Method for Measuring Thermal Conductivity of Small Highly Insulating Specimens

A hot plate method for the measurement of thermal conductivity is described, which is unique in that it combines all the following capabilities: (1) Measurements of very small specimens, (2) measurements of specimens with thermal conductivity on the same order of that as air, and (3) the ability to use air as a reference material. As with other approaches, care is taken to ensure that the heat flow through the test specimen is essentially one-dimensional. However, unlike other approaches, no attempt is made to use heated guards to minimize the flow of heat from the hot plate to the surroundings. Results indicate that since large correction factors must be applied to account for guard imperfections when specimen dimensions are small, simply measuring and correcting for heat from the heater disk that does not flow into the specimen may be preferable. Extensive computational heat transfer modeling and experimental measurements taken in a prototype apparatus show that this approach is feasible. Suggestions are made for further improvements based on analyses of the generated data.