cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On-line preconcentration of fluorescent derivatives of catecholamines in cerebrospinal fluid using flow-gated capillary electrophoresis

Flow-gated capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with microdialysis has become an important tool for in vivo bioanalytical measurements because it is capable of performing rapid and efficient separations of complex biological mixtures thus enabling high temporal resolution in chemical monitoring. However, the limit of detection (LOD) is often limited to a micro- or nano-molar range while many important target analytes have picomolar or sub-nanomolar levels in brain and other tissues. To enhance the capability of flow-gated CE for catecholamine detection, a novel and simple on-line sample preconcentration method was developed exclusively for fluorescent derivatives of catecholamines that were fluorogenically derivatized with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde (NDA) in the presence of cyanide. The effective preconcentration coupled with the sensitive laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection lowered the LOD down to 20pM for norepinephrine (NE) and 50pM for dopamine (DA) at 3-fold of S/N ratio, and the signal enhancement was estimated to be over 100-fold relative to normal injection when standard analytes were dissolved in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). The basic focusing principle is novel since the sample plug contains borate while the background electrolyte (BGE) is void of borate. This strategy took advantage of the complexation between diols and borate, through which one negative charge was added to the complex entity. The sample derivatization mixture was electrokinetically injected into a capillary via the flow-gated injection, and then NE and DA derivatives were selectively focused to a narrow zone by the reversible complexation. Separation of NE and DA derivatives was executed by incoming surfactants of cholate and deoxycholate mixed in the front BGE plug. This on-line preconcentration method was finally applied to the detection of DA in rat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via microdialysis and on-line derivatization. It is anticipated that the method would be valuable for in vivo monitoring of DA and NE in various brain regions of live animals on flow-gated CE or microchip platforms.
Radical Interpretation and the Problem of Asymmetry

AbstractDavidson holds that thinkers cannot employ radically different conceptual schemes, but he does not deny the (seemingly obvious) fact that small-scale conceptual divergences are possible. He defends the former claim against Quine by appealing to interpretivism, the idea that ascriptions of intensional states to a speaker do no more than systematically record facts about the speaker’s behavior. From interpretivism it follows that it is theoretically (though not practically) irrelevant which set of concepts an interpreter uses to state her theory of meaning. This is what allows Davidson to avoid conceptual relativism while accepting Quine’s thesis that behavioral evidence necessarily underdetermines assignments of meaning to speakers. However, as Davidson seems not to have realized, interpretivism also rules out the possibility of uncontroversial, small-scale conceptual differences. This fact, I argue, should lead us to reject interpretivism.
Degree quantifiers, bare quantifiers and intensifiers in the midfield: A new look at quantification at a distance

Nearly all of the theories of Quantification at a Distance (QAD) that have been put forth in the past fifteen years have assumed that degree quantifiers are first merged in the derivation as a midfield (VP-) event-quantifying adverbs. This has one important consequence, pointed out in Bouchard and Burnett (2007: 8), which is that if the restriction of the quantifier in QAD is assumed to be a set of events and if the event variable is introduced in the left periphery of the VP, “the term Quantification at a Distance [...] is, in fact, a misnomer. There is nothing ‘long distance’ about the semantic composition of QAD; it simply proceeds via adjacency.” In this article, I aim to challenge this view. I first introduce novel empirical evidence, which I believe unambiguously supports a movement derivation of QAD. Specifically, I show that the degree quantifiers in QAD have the same distribution as bare quantifiers like tout ‘everything’ and rien ‘nothing’, which are arguments of the verb and are therefore first-merged VP-internally, yet are spelled out in the midfield. This leads me to re-examine the data that have led to the hypothesis that a movement analysis of QAD is undesirable and show that alternative explanations can be provided for them. Finally, I offer a new account of QAD, one that reconciles a movement derivation with the facts that have led to its demise.
Congenital and Developmental Abnormalities of the Breast

Development of the mammary glands begins in the male and female embryo in identical fashion. During the fourth to fifth week of fetal development, primitive milk streaks, also known as galactic bands, form [1, 2, 3, 4]. These are single, thickened ridges of ectoderm that extend bilaterally from the axillary to the inguinal region. Each band consolidates to form a mammary ridge on the thorax, and the remaining band regresses. At 6–8 weeks, a primary bud forms, with thickening of the mammary anlage, which penetrates into the chest wall mesenchyme. The primary mammary bud gives rise to secondary buds that extend into the surrounding connective tissue and become the lactiferous ducts and their branches. The mesenchyme surrounding the duct systems becomes the fibrous stroma and fat of the breast. Between 12 and 16 weeks of development, mesenchymal cells differentiate into the smooth muscle of the nipple-areolar complex (NAC), and branches link to future secretory alveoli. The secondary mammary anlage then develops with differentiation of hair follicles and sweat glands.
Evolving Swarming Agents in Real Time

An important application for population search methods (such as particle swarm optimization and the several varieties of synthetic evolution) is the engineering problem of configuring individual agents to yield useful emergent behavior. While the biological antecedents of population-based search operate in real time, most engineered versions run off-line. For some applications, it is desirable to evolve agents as they are running in the system that they support. We describe two instances of such systems that we have developed and highlight lessons learned.
Continuous EEG monitoring enhances multimodal outcome prediction in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.

Objective Hypoxic brain injury is the largest contributor to disability and mortality after cardiac arrest. We aim to identify electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics that can predict outcome on cardiac arrest patients treated with targeted temperature management (TTM).
A Study of Students' Reasoning about Probabilistic Causality: Implications for Understanding Complex Systems and for Instructional Design.

Understanding complex systems requires reasoning about causal relationships that behave or appear to behave probabilistically. Features such as distributed agency, large spatial scales, and time delays obscure co-variation relationships and complex interactions can result in non-deterministic relationships between causes and effects that are best understood statistically. Causal Bayesian Research (e.g. Gopnik and Schulz in Causal learning: psychology, philosophy, and computation, Oxford University Press, New York, 2007) suggests that summing across probabilistic instances is inherent to human causal induction, yet other research (e.g. Schulz and Sommerville in Child Development 77(2):427–442, 2006) suggests a human tendency to assume deterministic relationships. Classroom science learning often stresses the replicability of outcomes, putting this learning in tension with understanding probabilistic patterns in complex systems. This investigation examined students’ reasoning patterns on tasks with probabilistic causal features. Microgenetic studies were conducted in multiple sessions over a school year with students in kindergarten, second, fourth and sixth grades (n = 16) to assess their assumptions when dealing with tasks from four domains: social; games; machines; and biology. Later sessions attempted to scaffold students’ understanding using connection making and analogical reasoning. This paper reports on the overall patterns and trends in the data. Most students held a deterministic stance at the outset; however, at least one student at each grade level reasoned probabilistically from the start. All students except one eventually revealed at least one topic for which they held a primarily probabilistic stance. The results have implications for how students reason about complex systems and for how patterns of co-variation and evidence in science are discussed.
Preparation and evaluation of silicon monoxide thin film capacitors

The results of statistical studies on the preparation and evaluation of thin film capacitors are presented and discussed. The dielectric material used was silicon monoxide (SiO.) Data on single layer capacitors are presented followed by results and discussions of multilayered thin film capacitors. Thin films of SiO (1000 to 20,000 Angstroms) were vacuum deposited in stacked layers numbering up to seven (7) separated by aluminum film electrodes, onto supporting substrates of different surface characteristics. Results demonstrate the feasibility of multilayering thin film capacitors by vacuum deposition techniques in the order of the above thicknesses and indicate potential application to the Signal Corps MicroModule program.
The Genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

One of the remarkable properties of the common soil organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa is its ability to cause infections in a wide variety of hosts, including insects, plants, and animals 27. In humans, this organism can colonize virtually any mucosal surface and can invade tissues and blood. The infections can be of short duration and superficial, life threatening acute bacteremia, or chronic, spanning many decades, as in patients with cystic fibrosis25, 26, 36. This ability to thrive in what may be arguably the broadest distribution of ecological niches for any bacterial species was expected to be matched by a complex, highly regulated genomic repertoire. Not surprisingly, early estimates of the genomic size suggested a relatively large genome exceeding 6 Mb47. The completion of the sequencing project of the P. aeruginosa PAO1 genome in 200050 and the results from the second P. aeruginosa genome sequencing of the strain PA14 clearly demonstrate that the ecological diversity is indeed reflected in the gene content, with the coding capacity of the P. aeruginosa genomes comparable to that of a simple eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiea, at c. 6,000 open reading frames (ORFs).
Peptide oligomers from ultra-short peptides using sortase

Abstract Sortase A catalyzed ligation of ultra-short peptides leads to inter/intra-molecular transpeptidation to form either linear or cyclic oligomers dependent upon the peptide length. Cyclic peptides were the main products for peptides with more than 15aa. However, for ultra-short (
Testing of High Performance Concrete as a Thermal Energy Storage Medium at High Temperatures

In recent years, the mission to become energy independent from fossil fuels has become a higher priority. Solar energy is an ideal solution because it does not have the environmental impact of the fossil fuels. One key to the transition to solar energy is improved energy storage for when collection is prohibited by weather variation and during nighttime hours. Concrete has a low material cost and is reported to be $1/kWhthermal [1]. Concrete as a sensible heat thermal energy storage material has been tested to temperatures of 390°C with an embedded steel heat exchanger using synthetic oil as a heat transfer fluid [2]. The energy storage efficiency of concrete can be improved by raising the maximum charging temperature. This paper reports the testing to further the peak temperature to 450–500°C by using high performance concrete developed by the University of Arkansas. A molten nitrate salt was selected along with stainless steel heat exchanger. The testing is of a laboratory scale with a single 3/4 inch pipe imbedded in a 4 inch by 4 inch concrete cross section. During testing, the differences in the materials’ thermal expansion produce stress at the pipe/concrete interaction zone. After testing with no interface material, the high tensile stress in the concrete caused large radial and longitudinal tension cracks that would hinder adequate heat transfer. Three interface materials between the concrete and stainless steel pipe were tested: Teflon© tape, Deacon 8875, and aluminum foil. For Teflon tape and Deacon 8875, the concrete stress was minimized and produced only small micro-cracks. To improve the heat transfer in the concrete, testing of a pipe with radial fins was conducted. The pipe consisted of a continuous helicoidal, auger style. During testing, large cracks occurred at each of the fin locations which demonstrated the need for a stress reducing material. Yet, only Deacon 8875 and aluminum foil were able to be applied to the unique radial fins. The results of the testing are reported and compared in the article. The Teflon® tape had the fastest heat transfer of all the interface materials. Testing was considered a success on a single tube laboratory scale. Future multiple tube testing is a viable option.© 2011 ASME
Blood vessel architectural features and their effects on thermal phenomena

Blood vessels are anatomically and mechanically complex tissue structures. The particular architecture of arteries, veins and capillaries affects their response in therapeutic heating applications. This work summarizes the signal anatomic features of blood vessels for engineers and scientists, introduces the primary underlying physical principles which describe their function and response to external heating for clinicians, and provides a few representative examples of heating applications. It is by no means complete — such a work would be at least two orders of magnitude longer — but, we hope, provides an adequate survey of the pertinent literature so that the interested can locate more substantial treatments of the subject.
A star-shaped single lithium-ion conducting copolymer by grafting a POSS nanoparticle

Abstract Single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes (SCPE) are attractive candidates for high-performance energy storage devices. A star-shaped single lithium-ion conducting polymer electrolyte was synthesized by combining the “grafting to” and “grafting from” strategy utilizing a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticle as the core. Carboxylic acid terminated polyethylene oxide (PEO) and Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer Agent (RAFT-CTA) were attached to the POSS nanoparticle to form a POSS-cored macro RAFT CTA (PMR-CTA). The PMR-CTA was used to mediate the polymerization of potassium (styrene-4-sulfonyltrifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)imide (STF-K+) and subsequent counter ion exchange resulted in a star-shaped single lithium-ion conducting copolymer (SSCP-Li+). The grafting ratio of poly(STF-Li+) and PEO per POSS nanoparticle can be tuned by modifying the feed ratio of the two polymer components. The synthesized star-shaped SCPE-Li+ are characterized by 1H NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis, DLS, GPC and DSC, and their ionic conductivity is studied by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The obtained results are compared to a conventional linear homopolymer poly(STF-Li+) and block copolymer PEO-b-poly(STF-Li+), and reveal a significant “decoupling” of ion conductivity from segmental dynamics for all of the studied SCPE-Li+. Blending extra PEOs with SCPE-Li+ was also performed to improve the ionic conductivity.
Trauma exposure and heavy drinking and drug use among college students: Identifying the roles of negative and positive affect lability in a daily diary study

Trauma exposure is linked to heavy drinking and drug use among college students. Extant research reveals positive associations between negative affect lability and both trauma exposure and alcohol use. This study aimed to extend past research by using daily diary methods to test whether (a) individuals with (versus without) trauma exposure experience greater negative and positive affect lability, (b) negative and positive affect lability are associated with heavy drinking and drug use, and (c) negative and positive affect lability mediate the relations between trauma exposure and heavy drinking and drug use. Participants were 1640 college students (M age=19.2, 54% female, 80% European American) who provided daily diary data for 30days via online surveys. Daily diaries assessed negative and positive affect and substance use (i.e., percent days of heavy drinking, percent days of drug use, total number of drugs used). Individuals with (versus without) a history of trauma exposure demonstrated higher levels of negative and positive affect lability. Negative, but not positive, affect lability was associated with percent days of heavy drinking, percent days of drug use, and total number of drugs used, and mediated the associations between trauma exposure and heavy drinking and drug use outcomes. Findings provide support for the underlying role of negative affect lability in the relations between trauma exposure and heavy drinking and drug use among college students, suggesting that treatments targeting negative affect lability may potentially serve to reduce heavy drinking and drug use among trauma-exposed college students.
Current Best Practices for Assessing and Treating Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

This article provides updated information about the diagnosis and assessment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), multimodal interventions, strategies for combining behavioral and pharmacological interventions, and approaches for treating ADHD when it occurs with other conditions. ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with a well-documented genetic and neurobiological basis. The assessment of ADHD is grounded in criteria delineated in DSM-5 and includes an assessment of ADHD symptoms, symptom-related impairments, and comorbid conditions. Evidence-based interventions for ADHD include medication, in particular stimulants, and behavioral treatments, including behavioral parent training, classroom behavioral intervention, peer behavioral intervention, and organization skills training. Strategies for combining and sequencing behavioral and medication treatments need to take into account family preferences, problem severity, intervention accessibility, safety considerations, and family level of engagement and motivation. Disparities in ADHD service use as a function of socioeconomic and minority status point to the need for system reforms to improve access to care for all children and adolescents. Evidence-based interventions for ADHD need to be more accessible for children and families, and strategies need to integrate the efforts of health providers, mental health professionals, and educators.
Solving Matrix Games

In this chapter, we apply linear programming to matrix games. The first task is to set up the problem of computing optimal strategies for the row player and column player as a dual/primal pair of linear programming problems. The minimax theorem will then be proved. The rest of the chapter consists of examples.
Structured Models for Growth in Bioreactors with External Sources of Biomass

Batch, fed-batch, and single CSTR (chemostat) bioreactors fed with sterile nutrient medium operate without external sources of biomass after they have been inoculated. However, several kinds of bioreactors which have external sources of biomass during operation have been described in the literature. If two or more CSTR’s are connected in series, then the second, third, etc. CSTR’s in such a cascade will have continuous introduction of biomass into them from the previous reactor in the cascade. More complicated schemes for interconnecting bioreactors, such as the gradostat [1] which has two incoming streams of nutrient media of different composition as well as counter-flowing interstage streams, also operate with the reactors having external sources of biomass.
Abstract 77: Caloric restriction mimetics prevent tumor progression by tumor microenvironment remodeling

The only non-pharmacological intervention known to date to alleviate the age-related deleterious conditions is caloric restriction (CR). We have previously reported that CR induces metabolic and signaling changes that affect the tumor microenvironment preventing mammary tumors growth and metastases. Despite the beneficial effects of CR, it is not feasible to maintain long-term dietary restriction in humans. Based on this, investigators have been focused on the discovery of CR mimetics that evoke some of the benefits of CR without an actual reduction in the calorie intake. Metformin (MET) is an anti-diabetic and a well-known CR mimetic; while Orlistat (OR) is an anti-obesity drug which has also antitumor properties. In this study we used 4T1, a highly metastatic breast cancer, and the B16F10 melanoma mouse models. At first, we evaluated the effects of CR and MET alone. Then, we investigated whether the combination of MET+OR will enhance the CR mimetic properties of MET alone. Our overall hypothesis is that CR mimetics decrease tumor progression by affecting extracellular matrix, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammation. Briefly, 8-weeks old female mice were fed with normal diet (ND) or 40% CR and received vehicle, MET (in drinking water, 3mg/ml), OR i.p. injection (240mg/kg/d) or MET+OR. After 5 weeks on diets, 4T1 or B16F10 cells were injected into BALB/c or C57BL6 mice respectively; diets and treatments continued for the remainder of the experiment. CR and Mimetics treated-mice had a reduction in body weight (p Citation Format: Anirudh Goyal, Shakir M. Saud, Jessica D. Bedele, Mariana S. De Lorenzo. Caloric restriction mimetics prevent tumor progression by tumor microenvironment remodeling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 77.
SOTL: Masonâs STEM Accelerator Program: Summer Boot Camp

BRIEF SESSION DESCRIPTION: Retaining students within the higher education STEM majors, remains a challenge for institutions across the United States. Masonâs solution to this nationwide concern is to implement a STEM Summer Boot Camp for incoming freshman that focuses on engaging students and modernizing instructional methods.
South Korea's Agricultural Trade Dilemma: Open Markets or Protectionism? Beyond the China-South Korea Free Trade Agreement

The China-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (FTA) was signed in June 2015, and entered into force in December of the same year. The FTA features wide coverage. It also presents a high degree of openness in market access. However, whilst South Korea sees economic globalisation and trade liberalisations as desirable goals, it maintains a high level of protection over agriculture in that major agricultural products are either completely excluded from tariff elimination or subject to minimal tariff reduction. This is not something that is specifically targeted at agreements with China. Indeed, South Korea has a long tradition of protectionism and treating agricultural trade differently because of deep concerns about domestic food security and preserving the livelihoods of rural workers/domestic farmers. Given these restraints, whether or not it will grant foreign competitors greater access to its domestic markets for agricultural products, or continue to maintain protectionist policies is questionable. This paper uses the China-South Korea FTA to analyse South Korea’s decades-old agricultural trade dilemma of subscribing to open markets or adhering to protectionism, and further identifies potential strategies to resolve the conflict between the emerging global trend and national interests. It concludes that in the future South Korea will eventually need to open its domestic markets. Open markets will not ruin South Korea’s agricultural and rural economy. Instead, they will bring more opportunities and dynamic gains to South Korea and help it use its resources in the most efficient way.
Iran: Stuck in Transition

In a crowded field of often uneven scholarship on contemporary Iran, Anoushiravan Ehteshami has once again produced a masterful analysis of the Islamic Republic’s politics, political economy, and i...
Tribological performance of PDA/PTFE + Graphite particle coatings on 60NiTi

Abstract 60NiTi has unique combinations of high shock load and corrosion resistance, which is suitable for load-bearing applications exposed to chemically aggressive environments. However, it exhibits poor tribological properties in dry sliding contact conditions. Polydopamine (PDA)/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coatings are shown to reduce friction and wear of 60NiTi significantly. In this study, using Si3N4 balls as the counterface material, the effects of adding graphite particles (GrP) to the PTFE layers of the PDA/PTFE coatings on the sliding properties of 60NiTi were studied. The obtained results were compared to those of the PDA/PTFE coated and uncoated 60NiTi. The results showed that both types of coatings significantly decreased the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear of the 60NiTi substrates and the wear of the counterface balls. The PDA/PTFE + 0.25 wt% GrP coatings have less porosity and approximately 2.4 times durability when compared to the PDA/PTFE coatings. Scratch tests on the coated surfaces also revealed better adhesion strength, higher load-carrying capacity, and enhanced transfer films on the counterface balls for the PDA/PTFE + 0.25 wt% GrP coatings. The less porosity, the enhanced adhesion strength, and the transfer film contributed to the longer wear life of PDA/PTFE + 0.25 wt% GrP coatings on 60NiTi.
High-precision orientation mapping from spherical harmonic transform indexing of electron backscatter diffraction patterns.

Abstract The angular precision of crystal orientation determination by cross-correlating dynamically simulated electron diffraction patterns with experimental patterns via spherical harmonic analysis is investigated. The best precision found in this study is 0.016°, which approaches the level reported in the literature for other high-precision electron backscatter diffraction implementations. At this angular precision, the noise floor for geometrically necessary dislocation density calculations is found to be approximately 5×1013 m−2 at a 200 nm step size. Conventional Hough-transform indexing of the same raw patterns gave an angular precision of 0.156° and a dislocation noise floor of 6×1014 m−2, an order of magnitude larger for both parameters, albeit better than is typical for Hough indexing due to the high-quality patterns used. Experimental trade-off curves of precision versus exposure time, pattern resolution (i.e. camera binning), and analysis bandwidth are also presented, allowing for optimization of data collection and analysis rates once the desired level of precision has been determined.
Coronary Subclavian Steal Syndrome With Neurological Symptoms After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

Coronary subclavian steal syndrome (CSSS) is a complication of coronary artery bypass graft surgery with the left internal mammary artery that results from left subclavian artery stenosis. A reversal of flow in the left internal mammary artery results in ischemia of the heart. We present the case of a 54-year-old man with CSSS with the rare symptom of dizziness. This indicates a potential component of undiagnosed vertebral steal syndrome as well.
ASE Statement on Adapting Pediatric, Fetal, and Congenital Heart Disease Echocardiographic Services to the Evolving COVID-19 Pandemic.

Over the 12 months since the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, an explosion of investigation and an increase in experience have led to vast improvement in our knowledge about this disease. However, coronavirus disease 2019 remains a huge public health threat.
Modeling and mitigation of jitter in high-speed source-synchronous interchip communication systems

Jitter significantly limits the maximum achievable data rates (MADR) over high-speed source-synchronous I/O links. In this paper, we present a simple model that comprehends transmitter and receiver jitter in a source-synchronous I/O link. We show that the channel can have a significant impact on transmit jitter at high data rates, resulting in 1.1X-3.8X jitter amplification for typical cases. We quantify the performance degradation of transmit/receive equalization and multilevel modulation schemes, due to jitter in high-speed I/O links. We present two design techniques to mitigate the effect of jitter on performance-transmission of a slower source-synchronous clock, and jitter equalization. Both techniques can improve MADR by 13% when signaling over a 20" FR4 channel.
Application of a Game Theoretic Controller to a Benchmark Problem

The game theoretic controller whose structure is idential to that of both the linear-exponential-Gaussian and H ? controller is applied to the problem of controlling a mass-spring system which approximates the dynamics of a flexible structure. By viewing the plant parameter variation as an internal feedback loop, plant uncertainties of the system, input, and output matrices can be decomposed into a fictitious input-output system with unknown gains. These fictitious input-output directions due to uncertainty are used in constructing the gains for the game theoretic controller which reduces the effect of uncertainty on system performance.
CRC Handbook of Management of Radiation Protection Programs, Second Edition

Organization and Management of a Radiation Safety Office (Steven H. King and Rodger W. Granlund). Organization and Management of a Nonionizing Radiation Safety Program (Zorach R. Glaser). Organization and Management of a Laser Safety Program (Kelly L. Classic). Management of Low-Level Radioactive Waste (John R. Vincenti). Management of Monitoring Programs (R. Craig Yoder). Management of Radiation Therapy Patients (Donald E. Velkley). Management of Emergency Care for Radiation Accident Victims (Mary Ellen Berger and Robert C. Ricks). Evaluation and Control of Internal Radiation Exposures on the Basis of Committed Dose Equivalent (Kenneth W. Skrable). Properly Relating Radiation Protection Requirements to Relative Radiotoxicity and Risk (Allen Brodsky). Radiation Emergency Planning - Damage, Evaluation, and Control Procedures (Robert G. Gallaghar). Planning for and Management of Radiation Accidents (Sydney W. Porter, Jr.). Emergency Response Decisions in the Planning Process - Predetermined Conditions for Predetermined Actions (James A. Martin, Jr.). Accident Consequence Projection (Thomas J. McKenna and Joseph G. Giitter). Education and Training in Radiation Protection (Allen Brodsky, Phyllis L. Brodsky, and Kenneth L. Mossman). Education and Training for Radiation Protection in Nuclear Power Plants (Charles A. Willis). Requirements and Preparation for Passing the American Board of Health Physics Certification Examinations (Charles A. Willis). Education and Training of Radiologic Technologists (Dolores A. Thomas). Summary of Experience in Radiation Litigation (Vincent P. Collins). Legal Aspects of Health Physics Record Keeping (Donald E. Jose). Preparing for Court Appearances (Donald E. Jose). Radiological Controls Documentation in Radiation Injury Litigation (Gordon M. Lodde).
The effects of extubation with an inflated versus deflated endotracheal tube cuff on endotracheal fluid volume in the dog.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of extubation with the endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff inflated versus deflated on endotracheal fluid volume in normal canine cadavers. Study Design Prospective randomized blinded controlled cadaver study. Animals Sixteen adult Beagle cadavers weighing 10.7 ± 1.7 kg (mean ± SD) and Methods Cadavers were orotracheally intubated in lateral recumbency, and the ETT cuffs were inflated to a closing pressure of 20 cm H2O before barium was introduced orad to the cuff. The dogs were randomly assigned to an ETT cuff extubation condition of deflated or unchanged from the original closing pressure. After extubation, lateral thoracic radiographs of the cadavers were obtained and scored by three independent blinded reviewers. Each reviewer ordered all 16 lateral radiographs from most to least intratracheal contrast and also estimated residual intratracheal contrast volume. Results Dogs extubated with a deflated ETT cuff had a median rank of 13 and dogs extubated with an inflated ETT cuff had a median rank of 4.5 (p Conclusions and clinical relevance Extubation with the cuff inflated removed more liquid contents from the trachea than extubation with the cuff deflated and may assist in the prevention of pulmonary aspiration when fluid is present in the proximal trachea. The technique did not remove all fluid so the potential for pulmonary damage remains.
Automated detection, localization, and registration of smart devices with multiple robots

In this paper we examine the problem of detecting and localizing an unknown number of objects of interest using a small team of mobile robots. Such problems frequently arise in infrastructure inspection or smart building applications, where the number of objects of interest is not known a priori, though the type of object being sought out is known. This task is difficult because the data association, i.e., the matching of measurements to targets, is unknown and the sensors are unreliable, i.e., they experience false positive and false negative detections and are unable to uniquely identify and label individual targets. We utilize the Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) filter to perform multi-target estimation, completely avoiding the need for any explicit data association while simultaneously estimating the number of objects and their locations. The team selects actions, generated over a range of length scales, that maximize the expected information gain given the current estimate of the object locations. This information gain is computed as the mutual information between the set of targets and the binary event of receiving no detections. This hedges against uninformative actions in a computationally tractable manner. We present a series of simulated experiments, validating the performance of the proposed framework using multiple sensor modalities.
MBE growth of multilayer heterostructures with applications to optoelectronic and electronic devices

One of the most exciting and useful developments in modern semiconductor electronics is the capability of engineering band structure, quantum phenomena, optical properties, and other useful effects by the growth of multilayer heterostructures. With the advent of advanced semiconductor growth techniques such as molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and organometallic chemical vapor deposition (OMCVD), much of modern compound semiconductor device development now involves quite complex and precise multi heterojunction structures. The availability of high-quality multilayer heterostructures has led to new effects having widespread applications such as two-dimensional transport effects, quantum wells, modulation doping, delta doping, carrier and photon confinement, etc. Recently, distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) have been added to this collection of capabilities. As a result, the future for device invention and development is extremely fertile, combining electronic and photonic effects in new ways for novel applications. Clearly, future computer and communication systems will increasingly depend on high-speed electronic, photonic, and microwave/millimeter wave devices based on these capabilities. In this talk we discuss some of these properties of multilayer heterostructures, with applications to electronic and photonic devices, particularly those employing resonant cavity structures, quantum wells, superlattices, and other unique features of advanced crystal growth techniques.
Melding theoretical perspectives: a gendered look at low-resting heart rate and developmental trajectories of antisocial behavior

The biosocial theoretical perspective is a growing area within criminological theory; however, skepticism remains toward such new research endeavors. Uncertainty may come from a perceived lack of connection to existing theories of criminality and/or the apparent resources required in conducting biosocial research. Therefore, the aim of this study was twofold. First, by utilizing the public version of National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) data, this study provides an example of biosocial research that does not require the use of expensive laboratory equipment or restrictive datasets. Second, by utilizing a sample of 1629 individuals followed from age 13 to 29, a longitudinal latent class analysis was estimated to explore the relationship between low-resting heart rate and antisocial behavior for both males and females. Doing so, the current study integrates a well-researched correlate of biosocial criminology with mainstream criminological theories (i.e. developmental theories), whi...
Which System GMM to Use? A Simulation Exercise to Identify the Ideal Estimator for Data of Different Sizes

Economists analyzing models using panel data often have to estimate the coefficients of time-invariant explanatory variables in their model. Although system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is the method of choice for many economists to estimate coefficients in their models, very little is known about which system GMM is best suited to provide valid estimates of coefficients of time-invariant variables under different sample sizes. I address this research question by running a series of Monte Carlo simulations on some of the more popular system GMMs (Arellano and Bover, 1995; Blundell and Bond, 1998). I find that Arellano and Bover (1995) system GMM provides the best estimates of the coefficient on time-invariant variable when the number of observation is large relative to the time periods available in the data, regardless of whether the time-varying explanatory variables are predetermined or exogenous. When the sample size is small relative to time period available in the dataset and the explanatory variables are predetermined, I find that the long-difference moment condition and estimation technique of Hahn et al (2007), combined with the time-mean moment condition of Arellano and Bover (1995) provides the best estimates of the coefficients on the time-invariant variable. I also find that this estimator provides valid estimates of the coefficients of time-varying variables under such circumstances.
Maintaining Ethical and Professional Relationships in Large Qualitative Studies: A Quixotic Ideal?

Die Durchfuhrung qualitativer Forschung auf der Basis einer feministischen Forschungs-Methodologie erfordert ein hohes Mas ethischer Bindung von Forschenden – insbesondere hinsichtlich des notwendigen Zeitaufwands zum Aufbau und zur Aufrechterhaltung sozialer Netzwerke zwischen Forschenden und Beforschten. Der Beitrag wirft Fragen auf, ob es bei einer grosen qualitativen Studie fur Forschende moglich ist, diese Ideale auf jede/n Teilnehmende/n anzuwenden. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0503392
Oxidation of a dimethylthiourea metabolite by iodine and acidified iodate: N,N'-dimethylaminoiminomethanesulfinic acid (1).

The two major metabolites after S-oxygenation of dimethylthiourea (dimethylaminoiminomethane sulfinic acid, DMAIMSA, and dimethylaminoiminomethane sulfonic acid, DMAIMSOA) were synthesized and test...
Splenic artery aneurysm: an important cause of hemoperitoneum and shock.

Abstract Background Splenic artery aneurysm ruptures are rare and highly morbid events that are frequently associated with pregnancy. However, approximately 15% may occur in men, and it is important to have this possibility in the differential diagnosis in cases of hemoperitoneum and hemorrhagic shock. Rapid diagnosis and treatment is essential to survival. Objectives The aim of this report is to educate emergency physicians on the early recognition and treatment of this life-threatening event and to increase the awareness of this condition in male patients. Case Report We describe the evaluation and management of two cases of splenic artery rupture in male patients with unique presentations. Conclusion Splenic artery aneurysm ruptures should be considered in the differential diagnosis in any patient with undifferentiated shock. Early diagnosis and treatment can save lives.
A vehicle implementation of a color following system using the CMUcam3

By creating a center of mass for a specific color, color tracking, and controlling servos relative to the distance from the center of mass, the CMUcam3 and Gears SMP robotics platform can be used to build a color tracking system to autonomously track a certain color within the Y'CrCb color range. Using pulse-width modulation arrays to control the servomechanic DC motors, a control system based on mean image data can be implemented to steer and direct an autonomous CMUcam3 driven vehicle platform.
Superinduction of human fibroblast interferon production: further evidence for increased stability of interferon mRNA.

Abstract Cytoplasmic polyadenylated interferon mRNA, synthesized in human diploid fibroblasts (FS-4 strain) largely within the first 3 hr of exposure to poly(I) poly(C), is approximately 850–900 nucleotides in size (12 S) as determined by sedimentation of dimethylsulfoxide denatured mRNA through a sucrose gradient and translation of RNA in each gradient fraction by microinjection into oocytes of Xenopus laevis . Newly synthesized cytoplasmic interferon mRNA has a poly(A) length >100 nucleotides as determined by step elution from a poly(U)-Sepharose column with varying concentrations of formamide and subsequent translation of each eluted fraction. There is a pool of translatable nuclear polyadenylated interferon mRNA molecules which also sediment at approximately 12 S. No poly(A)-lacking interferon mRNA is detectable. One hour after the beginning of poly(I) poly(C) induction the concentration of translatable interferon mRNA in the nuclear pool is higher than that in the cytoplasmic pool. Interferon mRNA in the nuclear pool peaks at 2 hr and is undetectable by 4–5 hr while in the cytoplasmic pool it peaks between 2 and 3 hr and is barely detectable by 6 hr. The rate of interferon secretion in a culture of FS-4 cells peaks between 2.5 and 3.5 hr after the beginning of poly(I) poly(C) induction and secretion is shut off by 6–8 hr. The concentration of cytoplasmic, phenol-extractable, interferon mRNA declines with a half-life of 0.5 to 1.0 hr during the shutoff phase, as does the rate of interferon secretion. The rapid shutoff of interferon production which occurs between 3 and 8 hr after induction is prevented when FS-4 cultures are induced and maintained in 5,6-dichloro-1-β- d -ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB, 40 μM), a selective and reversible inhibitor of hnRNA and mRNA synthesis. This leads to an approximately 10-fold increase in the cumulative interferon yield in the first 24 hr of induction. In the presence of DRB, both the concentration of phenol-extractable, translatable interferon mRNA and the rate of interferon secretion in induced cultures decline with virtually identical half-lives of approximately 6–8 hr. A theoretical analysis of the available data indicates that the increased functional stability of interferon mRNA is the major factor in interferon superinduction by DRB. The increased stability possibly results from an inhibition by DRB of the synthesis of a rapidly turning over repressor RNA involved in the inactivation or degradation of interferon mRNA. Since the poly(A) of interferon mRNA continues to shorten in the presence of DRB, it is unlikely that increased stability of interferon mRNA is the result of an inhibition of poly(A) metabolism.
Infection risk in breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Infections related to anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), trastuzumab and pertuzumab, have been reported in clinical trials. It is not yet clear whether these drugs increase an infection risk or not. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the risk of infections associated with anti-HER2 mAbs. We searched PubMed and the ASCO online database of meeting abstracts up to January 2014 for relevant clinical trials. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials of trastuzumab or pertuzumab for breast cancer patients that reported adequate safety data for grade 3–4 infection, febrile neutropenia, neutropenia, or leukopenia. The summary incidence, relative risk (RR), and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. A total of 10,094 patients from 13 trials were included. The use of trastuzumab was associated with an increased risk of high-grade infection (RR 1.21, 95 % CI 1.07–1.37, P = 0.002) and febrile neutropenia (RR 1.28, 95 % CI 1.08–1.52, P = 0.004). The incidence of high-grade infection and febrile neutropenia due to trastuzumab was 8.5 % (95 % CI 4.5–15.4 %) and 12.0 % (95 % CI 8.1–17.4 %), respectively. There was no significant increase in a risk of high-grade neutropenia or leukopenia in patients receiving trastuzumab. Treatment with trastuzumab is associated with a significantly higher risk of high-grade infection and febrile neutropenia. Our findings suggest an importance of close monitoring for any signs of infections in patients treated with trastuzumab.
Numerical Solution of the Vertical Structure Equation in the Normal Mode Method

In the present model of multilayered stability stratification, aimed at obtaining the analytic eigensolutions of the vertical structure equation, each layer is characterized by its own static stability value. By requiring continuity of pressure and vertical velocity across each interface level, and by imposing suitable upper and lower boundary conditions, matching eigensolutions are obtained in terms of the Bessel functions. Attention is given to an explicit example of a double-layered stratified atmosphere which demonstrates the mathematical manipulations involved; the resultant vertical structure functions are used to check the accuracy of the numerical solutions by the finite difference and finite element methods.
Comparing and consolidating two heuristic metaschemas

A metaschema is an Abstraction Network of the UMLS's Semantic Network (SN) obtained from a connected partition into its collections of semantic types. A metaschema can support comprehension, visualization and navigation of the SN. In this paper, a methodology is presented to evaluate and compare two given metaschemas, based on their structural properties. This methodology was applied to the top-down metaschema and the bottom-up metaschema, derived from two studies involving two groups of UMLS experts. By the Cronbach alpha estimate, the bottom-up metaschema is reliable, while the top-down metaschema is not. An algorithm was designed to yield a consolidated metaschema enjoying the best and avoiding the worst of the two given metaschemas. The consolidation algorithm was applied to the above two metaschemas, The resulting consolidated metaschema has better structural properties than either of the two metaschemas and better supports user orientation visualization, and navigation of the Semantic Network.