cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resonance Raman Spectra of Porphyrins on Gamma-Alumina and Silica

Future refinery feedstocks will include greater portions of residual oils which contain high amounts of nickel and vanadium compounds. These metals are poisons for hydrodesulfurization and cracking catalysts. Deposition of the metals on the catalyst surface occurs via hydrodemetallation reactions; plugging of pores and changes in catalytic activity and selectivity result. The kinetics of metal deposition on various catalysts has been examined, but characterization of the interaction of the organometallic compounds with the catalyst has not been extensive. Our results indicate that resonance Raman spectroscopy is a very effective method for examining trace contaminants of nickel and vanadium porphyrins on γ-Al2O3.
Rapid cold hardening capacity in five species of coleopteran pests of stored grain

Abstract The capacity for rapid cold hardening was examined in recently-eclosed adults of five coleopteran species associated with stored grain. Supercooling points indicated that mortality was predominantly due to chilling injury. Threshold temperatures for indirect chilling injury for each of these species were determined by fitting survivorship data for unacclimated insects held for 0–6 h at various sub-0°C temperatures to a response surface. These response surfaces were used to predict a threshold temperature for each species at which 50% of the unacclimated individuals would survive for 2 h. The survival time at this threshold temperature with acclimation for 2 h at 4°C was compared to that without acclimation. The ratio of the 50% survivorship time of unacclimated to that of acclimated beetles was 8.7 for C. ferrugineus. This exceeded by over two-fold the range of 2.6–4.0 observed for the remaining species indicating that, in addition to greater innate cold hardiness, C. ferrugineus also has a greater capacity for rapid cold hardening than the other species examined.
Changing concepts of management of portal hypertension in children

Abstract A 14-yr experience with 25 children with bleeding esophageal varices is presented. A total of 43 operations were performed to control hemorrhage. The most satisfactory method of management for patients with intrahepatic block was a conventional side-to-side portacaval shunt. The most satisfactory method of management of extrahepatic block consisted of an end-to-side anastomosis of the portal vein to either the vena cava or the left renal vein near where it joints the cava. This type of shunt operation was successfully accomplished in the most recent nine consecutive children encountered with extrahepatic block of the portal vein. The shunts are all functioning and none of the children have required a second operation.
Age-associated abnormalities of intrinsic automaticity of sinoatrial nodal cells are linked to deficient cAMP-PKA-Ca2+ signaling

A reduced sinoatrial node (SAN) functional reserve underlies the age-associated decline in heart rate acceleration in response to stress. SAN cell function involves an oscillatory coupled-clock sys...
Mucopolysaccharides in relation to growth and thyroid hormones.

Abstract It may be stated that homeostasis of acid mucopolysaccharides occurs if the requirements of the connective tissues for the hormones are supplied. The participation of insulin in the maintenance of normal levels and normal turnover of acid mucopolysaccharides in skin has been described in a previous publication [28]. The requirement for thyroxine was documented in the present communication by demonstrating that its administration restored the defects in mucopolysaccharide metabolism observed in the hypothyroid animal. The decreased turnover of chondroitinsulfuric acid in hypophysectomized rats was effectively reversed by injection of growth hormone. However, the abnormally high concentration of hyaluronic acid was increased further by this treatment. Evidently, administration of growth hormone alone did not create a favorable endocrine environment in the hypophysectomized animal for the restoration of hyaluronic acid metabolism to normal. Although no direct experimental evidence has been presented, it is suggested that maintenance of normal concentrations of hyaluronic acid depends upon an adequate supply of both growth hormone and thyroxine. Taurog et al. [42] have demonstrated that secretion of thyroid hormones is reduced by more than 90 per cent in the hypophysectomized rat. Since hypothyroidism is a conspicuous manifestation of pituitary deficiency, it was not unexpected to find that the alterations in mucopolysaccharide metabolism were similar in both conditions. These studies demonstrate undeniably an influence of hormones on acid mucopolysaccharide metabolism. However, they reveal no unanimity of hormone-enzyme relationships on the biosynthetic or degradative processes involved. In the diabetic rat and in the animal receiving cortisone, the metabolism of both mucopolysaccharides is depressed suggesting a common fundamental defect in the early stages of synthesis. On the other hand, the differential effects of growth hormone and thyroxine on hyaluronic acid and chondroitinsulfuric acid metabolism leads one to conclude that these hormones exert their effects on later stages of synthesis or on degradative pathways.
Protection against hyperbaric oxygen toxicity by pargyline, succinic acid and ascorbic acid: Role of brain GABA and brain ammonia

Abstract Exposure to hyperbaric oxygen (OHP) (60 psig) produced convulsions, and elevation in weight, water content and hemoglobin content of the lung and post-exposure delayed lethality. Pretreatment with pargyline, succinic acid or ascorbic acid provided protection against all of the above effects of OHP toxicity. In OHP exposed mice there was a decrease in brain γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels concomitant with an inhibition of its synthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase, without any effect on the activity of its catabolizing enzyme GABA transaminase (GABA-T). Both pargyline and succinic acid produced an increase in GABA levels in the mice exposed to room air at normal pressure, and prevented the OHP-induced decrease in GABA. Pargyline treatment inhibited GABA-T activity without altering the activity of GAD. Conversely, succinic acid increased the activity of both GAD and GABA-T and prevented the OHP-induced decrease in GAD activity. Ascorbic acid was without effect on any of the components of the GABA system and it did not prevent any of the OHP-induced alterations in GABA or GAD. Brain ammonia levels are increased in the OHP exposed mice with a concomitant decrease in the glutamine levels. All three agents protected the OHP-exposed mice against these OHP-induced alterations. There data are consonant with the hypothesis that decreased brain GABA and increased brain ammonia levels are involved in the etiology of OHP toxicity.
Henry's Law Constants of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners and Their Variation with Temperature

The Henry's law constants for 26 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners were measured using a gas-stripping apparatus at five environmentally relevant temperatures between (4 and 31) °C. The Henr...
High-performance sparse matrix-vector multiplication on GPUs for structured grid computations

In this paper, we address efficient sparse matrix-vector multiplication for matrices arising from structured grid problems with high degrees of freedom at each grid node. Sparse matrix-vector multiplication is a critical step in the iterative solution of sparse linear systems of equations arising in the solution of partial differential equations using uniform grids for discretization. With uniform grids, the resulting linear system Ax = b has a matrix A that is sparse with a very regular structure. The specific focus of this paper is on sparse matrices that have a block structure due to the large number of unknowns at each grid point. Sparse matrix storage formats such as Compressed Sparse Row (CSR) and Diagonal format (DIA) are not the most effective for such matrices.In this work, we present a new sparse matrix storage format that takes advantage of the diagonal structure of matrices for stencil operations on structured grids. Unlike other formats such as the Diagonal storage format (DIA), we specifically optimize for the case of higher degrees of freedom, where formats such as DIA are forced to explicitly represent many zero elements in the sparse matrix. We develop efficient sparse matrix-vector multiplication for structured grid computations on GPU architectures using CUDA [25].
Crystallization of a tryptic core of the single-stranded DNA binding protein of bacteriophage T4

Abstract A tryptic core (residues 22 to 253) of the single-stranded DNA binding protein, or gene 32 protein, of bacteriophage T4 has been crystallized in four different crystal forms. One of these forms appears suitable for high-resolution X-ray crystallographic studies. It is triclinic, space group PI, with a = 67.7 A , b = 67.8 A , c = 66.0 A , α = 101.6 °, β = 107.0 °, γ = 105.2 ° . There appear to be three protein protomers in a near-rhombohedral packing in the unit cell.
Viscoelastic Timoshenko beam theory

The concept of elastic Timoshenko shear coefficients is used as a guide for linear viscoelastic Euler-Bernoulli beams subjected to simultaneous bending and twisting. It is shown that the corresponding Timoshenko viscoelastic functions now depend not only on material properties and geometry as they do in elasticity, but also additionally on stresses and their time histories. Possible viscoelastic definitions are formulated and evaluated. In general, the viscoelastic relations are sufficiently complicated so that the elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle (analogy) cannot be applied. This is particularly true for, but not limited to, elastic shear coefficients which are Poisson ratio dependent. Expressions for equivalent viscoelastic Timoshenko shear functions must, therefore, be derived de novo on a case by case basis, taking in to account specific relaxation moduli, stresses, temperatures and their time histories. Thus the elastic simplicity and generality is lost and hence rendering the use of viscoelastic Timoshenko shear functions as highly impractical. Consequently, it is necessary to directly solve the coupled viscoelastic beam governing relations for bending and twisting deflections by using appropriate solution protocols as discussed herein.
Unity of All Elementary Particle Forces

Strong, electromagnetic, and weak forces are conjectured to arise from a single fundamental interaction based on the gauge group SU(5).
Enhanced fluorescence biosensing using an array of metallic nanoapertures

We present experimental results confirming that both periodic and randomly placed metallic nanoapertures can be used to enhance the output of a fluorescing molecular monolayer. The metallic nanoapertures were fabricated by e-beam lithography using both positive and negative e-beam resists. Measurements show that the peak fluorescence from the periodic apertures occurs under the conditions of the maximum transmission of excitation light through the structures. There is also an enhancement of fluorescence from randomly placed apertures even though there is no enhancement of the transmission light, which is caused by the incident light evanescently coupling directly through the apertures.
In vitro hypoxic cytotoxicity of nitroimidazoles: uptake and cell cycle phase specificity.

Abstract The hypoxic cytotoxicity of four different 2-nitroimidazoles of similar electron affinities but different lipophilicities was compared using EMT6/Ro mouse mammary tumor cells in exponential growth phase in severely ( SR-2508 ⪢ SR-2555 indicating that the compounds with the lowest lipophilicity were less cytotoxic. The rates of uptake of these compounds were MISO > 9963 > SR-2508 = SR-2555. These data together with comparisons of the amounts of cell-associated compounds indicate that the similarity in toxicity of MISO and 9963 can be related to a general similarity in their pharmacokinetics, but that other unknown factors must be considered to explain the relative toxicity of SR-2508 and SR-2555. In other experiments, EMT6/Ro cells synchronized using centrifugal elutriation were most sensitive in hypoxia to MISO at the late G 1 -early S phase of the cell cycle. These data indicate the importance of considering cellular and subcellular distribution of these nitroimidazoles as well as possible cell cycle specificity for cytotoxicity in interpreting relative effectiveness of different compounds in responses of mixed populations of cells in cultures or tumors.
The Drosophila tctex-1 light chain is dispensable for essential cytoplasmic dynein functions but is required during spermatid differentiation.

Variations in subunit composition and modification have been proposed to regulate the multiple functions of cytoplasmic dynein. Here, we examine the role of the Drosophila ortholog of tctex-1, the 14-kDa dynein light chain. We show that the 14-kDa light chain is a bona fide component of Drosophila cytoplasmic dynein and use P element excision to generate flies that completely lack this dynein subunit. Remarkably, the null mutant is viable and the only observed defect is complete male sterility. During spermatid differentiation, the 14-kDa light chain is required for the localization of a nuclear “cap” of cytoplasmic dynein and for proper attachment between the sperm nucleus and flagellar basal body. Our results provide evidence that the function of the 14-kDa light chain in Drosophila is distinct from other dynein subunits and is not required for any essential functions in early development or in the adult organism.
The Punjab Crisis

The present Punjab crisis in India has been widely represented in the U.S. press as a religiously motivated drive for secession that threatens India's political unity. Given this definition, the actions of the central government might be viewed as brutal but hardly unjustified. This view is neither useful nor correct. It is not a conceptualization that will lead to a viable resolution of the actual conflicts, and it does not in any way accurately describe the concerns of the people of Punjab or similar people in other states. As is so often the case in political matters, the conceptualization is not a detached objective formulation, but rather embodies a view that has been picked up by the press from one of the parties to the conflict. It is, in fact, part of the political phenomenon itself-it has an origin in the crisis and an effect on it. The Punjab crisis grows out of the very structure of the Indian Union and its history. The forces at work in Punjab are also at work in many other states, particularly those with substantial populations of politically alert and well-organized peasants at the core of an emerging rural "middle class." The central government policies that have stirred the fear and anger of such groups in Punjab have done the same in other states, although the commonalities have been masked, even within India, by the way in which the events in Punjab have come to be construed as a clash between Sikhs and Hindus. Many definitions serve to explain the Punjab crisis, each naturally implying different remedies. The definitions fall into three main groups, depending on the level of organization one looks at. At the household level in Punjab, it is primarily economic; at the level of state-wide political discussions, it is legal and constitutional. Only at the national level is it primarily religious, and this construction is mainly the product of actions of
Phylogenetics, likelihood, evolution and complexity

Summary: Phylogenetics, likelihood, evolution and complexity (PLEX) is a flexible and fast Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo software program for large-scale analysis of nucleotide and amino acid data using complex evolutionary models in a phylogenetic framework. The program gains large speed improvements over standard approaches by implementing ‘partial sampling of substitution histories’, a data augmentation approach that can reduce data analysis times from months to minutes on large comparative datasets. A variety of nucleotide and amino acid substitution models are currently implemented, including non-reversible and site-heterogeneous mixture models. Due to efficient algorithms that scale well with data size and model complexity, PLEX can be used to make inferences from hundreds to thousands of taxa in only minutes on a desktop computer. It also performs probabilistic ancestral sequence reconstruction. Future versions will support detection of co-evolutionary interactions between sites, probabilistic tests of convergent evolution and rigorous testing of evolutionary hypotheses in a Bayesian framework. Availability and implementation:PLEX v1.0 is licensed under GPL. Source code and documentation will be available for download at www.evolutionarygenomics.com/ProgramsData/PLEX. PLEX is implemented in C++ and supported on Linux, Mac OS X and other platforms supporting standard C++ compilers. Example data, control files, documentation and accessory Perl scripts are available from the website. Contact: David.Pollock@UCDenver.edu Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
North China at War: The Social Ecology of Revolution, 1937-1945

Chapter 1 Introduction: Explaining Revolution Chapter 2 Getting Peasants Organized: Village Organizations and the Party-state in the Shaan Gan Ning Border Region, 1934-1945 Chapter 3 Revolution in a 'Feudal Fortress': Yangjiagou, Mizhi County, Shaanxi, 1937-1948 Chapter 4 Social Reform and Value Change in the Jin Cha Ji Anti-Japanese Border Region Chapter 5 Social and Political Change in the Villages of the Taihang Anti-Japanese Base Area Chapter 6 Resistance and Revolution, Religion and Rebellion: The Sixth Trigram Movement in Licheng, 1939-1942 Chapter 7 The Making of the Jin Sui Base Area: Peasants, Intellectuals, and Democratization Chapter 8 The Survival of the Shandong Base Area, 1937-1943: External Influences and Internal Conflicts Chapter 9 Comparative Perspectives: North and Central China in the Anti-Japanese Resistance
Retinoblastoma protein regulation by the COP9 signalosome

Similar to their human counterparts, the Drosophila Rbf1 and Rbf2 Retinoblastoma family members control cell cycle and developmentally regulated gene expression. Increasing evidence suggests that Rbf proteins rely on multiprotein complexes to control target gene transcription. We show here that the developmentally regulated COP9 signalosome (CSN) physically interacts with Rbf2 during embryogenesis. Furthermore, the CSN4 subunit of the COP9 signalosome co-occupies Rbf target gene promoters with Rbf1 and Rbf2, suggesting an active role for the COP9 signalosome in transcriptional regulation. The targeted knockdown of individual CSN subunits leads to diminished Rbf1 and Rbf2 levels and to altered cell cycle progression. The proteasome-mediated destruction of Rbf1 and Rbf2 is increased in cells and embryos with diminished COP9 activity, suggesting that the COP9 signalosome protects Rbf proteins during embryogenesis. Previous evidence has linked gene activation to protein turnover via the promoter-associated proteasome. Our findings suggest that Rbf repression may similarly involve the proteasome and the promoter-associated COP9 signalosome, serving to extend Rbf protein lifespan and enable appropriate programs of retinoblastoma gene control during development.
Determining Weak Visibility of a Polygon from an Edge in Parallel

The problem of determining the weak visibility of an n-vertex simple polygon P from an edge e of P is that of deciding whether every point in P is weakly visible from e. In this paper we present an optimal parallel algorithm for solving this problem. Our algorithm runs in O(log n) time using O(n/log n) processors in the CREW PRAM computational model, and is very different from the sequential algorithms for this problem. We also show how to solve optimally, in parallel, several other problems that are related to the weak visibility of simple polygons.
Methodological issues in investigations of massage/ bodywork therapy: Part IV: Experimental research designs

Abstract In the last part of this four part series, the application of design principles for experimental research is considered and put in the context of how they apply to research in massage and bodywork therapy (MBT). At the end, key elements from all four parts of the series are summarized so that the reader has a snapshot picture of several of the unique aspects of research in MBT. Finally, a step-by-step blue print is included at the end for the inspired MBT researcher who is ready to begin (See Table 3.)
Deaths due to differentiated thyroid cancer: A 46-year perspective

From 1940 to 1986, a total of 798 patients were treated for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. One hundred and seventy-two patients died during the follow-up period: 42 (24.4%) patients from thyroid cancer, 14 (8.1%) from other causes with extensive thyroid cancer present, 75 (43.6%) with no thyroid cancer, and 41 (23.8%) with an unknown status of thyroid cancer.
Emergence of Private Advanced Traveler Information System Providers and Their Effect on Traffic Network Performance

The emergence of supply-side competition in the advanced traveler information system (ATIS) industry and marketability of private ATIS service are examined. An architectural model in which the ATIS companies collect network information from their subscribers while providing them with real-time traffic information is described. A simulation study on competition and cooperation among multiple private and public information agencies follows. This study focuses on analyzing the interaction among information agencies and the effect of this interaction on traffic system performance.
Economic Opportunities and Some Pilgrims' Progress: Jewish Immigrants from Eastern Europe in the U.S., 1890–1914

The purpose of the following essay is to evaluate the existing economic opportunities for Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe and to indicate the pace of their economic progress during the period 1890–1914. This purpose can best be achieved by viewing the mass migration of these European Jews in the proper perspective, that is, in terms of the dynamics of their situation at the places of original habitat; second, by differentiating successive cohorts of immigrants in terms of their skill composition, literacy, and degree of experienced urbanization, all elements important for the adaptability to and utilization of existing economic opportunities; third, by analyzing the structure of the U.S. industries that provided employment opportunities to the East European Jewish immigrants; fourth, by assuming the income level and standard of living of the native-born labor force as the yardstick for measuring the economic progress of the immigrants. Such an approach may broaden our understanding of the mechanism of adjustment that enabled the Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe both to take advantage of existing economic opportunities and to create new ones.
Deductive reasoning, brain maturation, and science concept acquisition: Are they linked?

The present study tested the alternative hypotheses that the poor performance of the intuitive and transitional students on the concept acquisition tasks employed in the Lawson et al. (1991) study was due either to their failure (a) to use deductive reasoning to test potentially relevant task features, as suggested by Lawson et al. (1991); (b) to identify potentially relevant features; or (c) to derive and test a successful problem-solving strategy. To test these hypotheses a training session, which consisted of a series of seven concept acquisition tasks, was designed to reveal to students key task features and the deductive reasoning pattern necessary to solve the tasks. The training was individually administered to students (ages 5–14 years). Results revealed that none of the five- and six-year-olds, approximately half of the seven-year-olds, and virtually all of the students eight years and older responded successfully to the training. These results are viewed as contradictory to the hypothesis that the intuitive and transitional students in the Lawson et al. (1991) study lacked the reasoning skills necessary to identify and test potentially relevant task features. Instead, the results support the hypothesis that their poor performance was due to their failure to use hypothetico-deductive reasoning to derive an effective strategy. Previous research is cited that indicates that the brain's frontal lobes undergo a pronounced growth spurt from about four years of age to about seven years of age. In fact, the performance of normal six-year-olds and adults with frontal lobe damage on tasks such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST), a task similar in many ways to the present concept acquisition tasks, has been found to be identical. Consequently, the hypothesis is advanced that maturation of the frontal lobes can explain the striking improvement in performance at age seven. A neural network of the role of the frontal lobes in task performance based upon the work of Levine and Prueitt (1989) is presented. The advance in reasoning that presumably results from effective operation of the frontal lobes is seen as a fundamental advance in intellectual development because it enables children to employ an inductive-deductive reasoning pattern to change their minds when confronted with contradictory evidence regarding features of perceptible objects, a skill necessary for descriptive concept acquisition. It is suggested that a further qualitative advance in intellectual development occurs when an analogous pattern of abductive-deductive reasoning is applied to hypothetical objects and/or processes to allow for alternative hypothesis testing and theoretical concept acquisition. Apparently this is the reasoning pattern needed to derive an effective problem-solving strategy to solve the concept acquisition tasks of Lawson et al. (1991) when direct instruction is not provided. Implications for the science classroom are suggested.
Salad days in the rhythms trade.

ONE of the nicest things anyone ever said about our work was in a (necessarily) anonymous grant review from the early 1990s in which the author commented that our lab had contributed greatly to moving the study of circadian rhythms “out of the era of spoon-bending.” Some years later Bob Metzenberg, who always cherished a well-turned phrase, fessed up to having written this, and it is easy to see his quick wit and word play. I mention it here because it nicely encapsulates the 25 years that I want to cover, a period that extends from the era when belief in intracellular circadian rhythms stretched the credibility of all but devotees to the years when the problem was cracked and rhythms truly entered mainstream science (Science News and Editorial Staffs 1997, 1998). During this time, analysis of rhythms moved from the use of genetics—which opened up the black box and exposed the feedback loops—to molecular biology, where the field is now. Although it is tempting to write about all the vistas that opened up during this time based on work in Neurospora, from clock mechanism to clock output, I have restricted this Perspectives to studies on the circadian mechanism and will leave output to other, highly capable hands (Loros 2008). It is an account of what drew me to rhythms work and to the Neurospora circadian system and of what led our lab to identify the factors and interactions that contributed to the denouement of the question of the molecular bases of circadian rhythms: the assembly, a little over a decade ago, of a complete interconnected regulatory cycle.
The structure of episodes in memory

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses that the process of understanding is, in large part, the assigning of new input conceptualizations to causal sequences and the inference of remembered conceptualizations that will allow for complete causal chains. Information is organized within episodic sequences and these episodic sequences serve to organize understanding. The simplest kind of episodic sequence is the script that organizes information about everyday causal chains that are part of a shared knowledge of the world. Human understanding, then, is a process by which new information gets treated in terms of the old information already present in memory. The chapter presents an argument for a combination of the notions of semantic memory and episodic memory. The basis of human memory is the conceptualization. Internally, the conceptualization is action-based with certain specified associative links between actions and objects. Externally, conceptualizations can relate to other conceptualizations within a context or episodic sequence.
Current Cervical Cancer Screening Knowledge, Awareness, and Practices Among U.S. Affiliated Pacific Island Providers: Opportunities and Challenges

Background. Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortalityinnearly allU.S.AffiliatedPacificIsland Jurisdictions (USAPIJ); however, most jurisdictions are financially and geographically limited in their capacity to deliver routine screening. Methods.We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 72 health careprovidersfromfiveofthesixUSAPIJin2011toassessknowledge,beliefs,practices,andperceivedbarriersregardingroutine cervical cancer screening.We compared the responses of providers from jurisdictions that were funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) with those that were not funded. Results. Most providers reported cervical cancer prevention as a priority in their clinical practices (90.3%) and use the Papanicolaou test for screening (86.1%). Many providers reported knowledge of screening guidelines (76.4%); however, more than half reported that annual screening is most effective (56.9%). Providers in non-NBCCEDP-funded jurisdictions reported greater acceptance of visual inspection with aceticacid(93.9%)andself-samplingforhumanpapillomavirus testing (48.5%) compared with NBCCEDP-funded jurisdictions (15.4%and30.8% respectively). Providers fromnon-NBCCEDPfunded jurisdictions reported inadequate technological resources for screening women (42.4%), and approximately 25% of providers in both groups believed that screening was cost-prohibitive.
School Nurses’ Experiences With Medication Administration:

This article reports school nurses' experiences with medication administration through qualitative analyses of a written survey and focus groups. From a random sample of 1000 members of the National Association of School Nurses, 649 (64.9%) school nurses completed the survey. The quantitative data from the survey were presented previously. However, 470 respondents provided written comments on the survey. Comments on the eight items that had the most written comments were qualitatively analyzed. In addition, to clarify information obtained from the surveys, two focus groups with local school nurses were conducted. A constant comparative method of analysis was used, and results were combined from the two data sources. The combined analyses resulted in six final categories of concern: (a). delegation of medication administration, (b). comfort with delegation, (c). self-administration of medication, (d). medication administration errors, (e). storage of medication, and (f). administration policies. The findings suggest that school nurses across the country have similar concerns regarding the administration of medications in the school setting.
IIb or Not IIb: is there a place for pre-hospital tirofiban in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients?

The quest for early and optimal pharmacology therapy for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who are undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is ongoing. The superiority of pPCI over facilitated medical therapy with thrombolytic agents has been well
The vasoactive effect of serotonin on canine coronary arteries after ischemia and reperfusion.

BACKGROUND Reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium is a cornerstone of current therapy for acute coronary syndromes. Experiments show that reperfusion is associated with injury to the coronary artery. Such injury may manifest as augmented vasospasm or impaired vasodilation, and in this study we assessed whether such coronary responses to serotonin do occur. METHODS Left anterior descending arteries (LAD) were occluded in 12 open-chested dogs for 1 h, then reperfused for 1 h. Vasoreactivity to serotonin was measured in isolated rings from the LAD and circumflex arteries (Cx), both at basal resting tension and after preconstriction with U-46619. Endothelium was removed in half of the rings. RESULTS In the basal state, LAD rings displayed increased initial constriction and decreased dilation in response to serotonin (maximum dilation: LAD, -4.5 +/- 1.7% versus Cx, -7.6 +/- 1.4%, P < 0.05). With endothelium removed, peak constrictions of the LAD and Cx were significantly augmented, and LAD dilations remained slightly impaired compared with the Cx. After U-46619, dilation in response to serotonin was impaired in the LAD compared with Cx rings (maximum dilation: LAD, -18.3 +/- 11.4% versus Cx, -44.0 +/- 8.4 LAD, P < 0.05). Endothelium removal diminished, but did not abolish, this relationship. De-endothelialized Cx, but not LAD, rings displayed slightly impaired dilations in response to serotonin compared with their respective controls. CONCLUSIONS After ischemia-reperfusion, coronary arteries respond to serotonin with enhanced constriction and impaired dilation. Changes in both the endothelium and the smooth muscle may determine these responses to serotonin.
Evaluation of the Standard Deviation of the Random Component of the Measured Signal from Its Autocorrelated Observations

Described is the proposal of evaluation the standard deviation of the stationary random component of measured signal from its regularly sampled observations when they are auto-correlated. As, the first step is the identification and removing the regularly variable components from the raw sample data. Then formulas for standard deviation of the sample and of the mean value are expressed with use the correction coefficients or the so-called ”effective number” of observations. These quantities depend on number of observations and on the autocorrelation function of the sample cleaned from regular components. How to estimate the autocorrelation function for the sample data is also described. Few numerical examples to illustrate problems are included.
Active Perception and 3D Object Recognition

The fundamental problem faced by all vision systems is the ambiguity created by the projection process. An object’s projected shape in an image changes dramatically for small changes in the observer’s viewpoint. This is the basic difficulty in creating a machine vision system that can respond robustly in an unconstrained 3D environment. Our approach to this problem enables the vision system to actively engage its interpretation of the surroundings using a distributed memory system modeled as visual potentials and made up of characteristic view(point)s (Koenderink and van Doorn, 1979).
Molecular Genetics of Turcot’s Syndrome

Genetic abnormalities in 13 of 14 families with concurrent primary brain tumors and multiple colorectal adenomas (Turcot’s syndrome) are reported from the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and other centers.
Modeling the capacitance-voltage characteristics of the trench Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (TIGBT) by minimizing its Helmholtz Free Energy

High voltage (600 V and above) Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) are among the most commonly used power switching devices for a wide range of industrial applications. The recently developed Trench-Gated IGBT (TIGBT) is a three-terminal device of great complexity, consisting of a MOSFET and a BJT in tandem [1]. In this work, a terminal capacitance model of the TIGBT is constructed by combining the internal capacitances distributed throughout the structure, subject to the constraint of minimum Helmholtz Free Energy. The model is then compared with measured terminal capacitance-voltage characteristics of the device to identify contributions from individual internal capacitances. Because of being based on energy, our method directly produces all internal MOS as well as p-n junction capacitances.
Crossing Borders: Modernity, Ideology, and Culture in Russia and the Soviet Union (Pitt Russian and East European Studies)

Michael David-Fox’s collection Crossing Borders offers seven wide-ranging essays on subjects related to modernity, ideology and transnationalism. As such, it makes a welcome contribution to a field...
Serious psychological distress, sex, and falls among the elderly

ABSTRACTSerious psychological distress and falls are two major public health problems among the elderly. This study aims to test the hypothesis that although serious psychological distress can increase the risks of falls among the elderly, it tends to affect elderly women more than elderly men. Data of this study are from the 2011 California Health Survey Interviews (CHIS). We extracted a sample of 13,153 respondents aged 65 and older for this study, including 8,087 females and 5,066 males. We tested both unadjusted and adjusted interaction effects using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Elderly women with serious psychological distress had the greatest likelihood of falls as compared to men with serious psychological distress and men and women without serious psychological distress. With respect to the covariates, limitations of physical activity and poor self-rated health status, Asian race, and older age were more likely to be associated with falls. This study provides further in...
Role of β blocker and angiotensin antagonist for the prophylaxis of early onset anthracycline-induced ventricular dysfunction: A meta-analysis of five randomized controlled trials.

1021 Background: Anthracycline is one of the most effective and commonly used chemotherapeutic agents in patients with breast cancer, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. However, it is associated wi...
Methomyl Injury To Carbon Exchange Rates And Related Processes In Cotton

Abstract. Some insecticides have the potential to cause varying levels of phytotoxicity. This study examined 1) the time courses of photosynthetic injury in cotton (Gossypium hirsutisms L.) leaves treated with methomyl [S-methyl-N-[(methyl carbamoyl)oxy]-thioacetimidate] and 2) the relationships between carbon exchange rate (CER), stomatal conductance, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter FX/FP, and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase (rubisco) activity. Plots were sprayed with either 0 or 0.84 kg methomyl ha-1 when cotton was in mid-reproductive growth. Starting on the day of spraying, CER, stomatal conductance, FX/FP, and rubisco activity were measured daily for five consecutive days [4, 28, 52, 76 and 100 hours after spraying (HAS)]. In methomyl-treated leaves, CER decreased within hours after spraying, reached their lowest point at 28 HAS in experiment I and 76 HAS in experiment II, then recovered near-control levels by 100 HAS. At their lowest points, CER of methomyl-treated leaves decreased from 20 to 50% compared to controls. Stomatal conductance, FX/FP, and rubisco activity followed similar patterns to CER. Stomatal conductance was more closely related to CER than were FX/FP and rubisco activity. Chlorophyll fluorescence recovered more quickly than did CER. Rubisco activity did not decrease till after CER. From the parameters measured in this study, stomatal conductance appeared to be the major factor influencing methomyl-induced changes in CER, although all three parameters may be involved in the process of CER change.
A Conceptual Uses & Gratification Framework on the Use of Augmented Reality Smart Glasses

Augmented Reality (AR), the integration of virtual objects into the physical world, is about to become real. Microsoft Hololens and other devices termed as ‘augmented reality smart glasses’ (ARSG), allow its users to augment their subjective perceptions of the reality. However, not much is known about consumers react to this new form of wearable media technology. Against this background, this article reviews the scarce body of ARSG literature, supplements it with established findings from Uses & Gratification Theory (U&GT) and related research streams to propose a conceptual model. In doing so, this article enhances our understanding of AR, and ARSGs in particular, by proposing the role of existing and novel constructs to the stream of U&GT and AR research. The chapter closes with a discussion of promising avenues for future research on ARSGs and other head-mounted displays.
Synthesis and characterization of thallium-salen derivatives for use as underground fluid flow tracers.

A pair of thallium salen derivatives was synthesized and characterized for potential use as monitors (or taggants) or as models for Group 13 complexes for subterranean fluid flows. These precursors were isolated from the reaction of thallium ethoxide with N,N′-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-ethylenediamine (H2-salo-But), or N,N′-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-phenylenediamine (H2-saloPh-But). The products were identified by single crystal X-ray diffraction as: [((μ-O)2,κ1-(N)(N′)salo-But)Tl2] (1) and {[((μ-O)2saloPh-But)Tl2][((μ-O)2,κ1-(N)(N′)saloPh-But)Tl2]} (2). Both structures are similar, wherein each O atom of the salo moiety bridges the two Tl atoms, leading to a Tl⋯Tl interaction, which is further stabilized by an intramolecular π-bond with neighboring phenyl rings. For 1, an additional Tl⋯N interaction was solved for each metal center; whereas, for 2, one of the two molecules in the matrix has a weak Tl⋯N interaction but no bonding noted in the other molecule. Both Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and variable temperature solution 205Tl NMR studies of 1 and 2 further confirmed the Tl⋯Tl interaction. The UV-vis absorbance spectra of these compounds had an absorbance peak at 392 nm for 1 and a broad absorbance peak centered at 469 nm for 2, which were found to be in good agreement with the DFT calculated spectra that were dominated by the singlet state. Fluorescence emission and excitation studies reveal absorptions at 360 and 380 nm for 1 and 2, respectively, which are attributed to the Tl⋯Tl metal centers. To demonstrate practicality, fluorescence spectra of 1 and 2 were obtained using a handheld 405 nm cw laser pointer and portable spectrometer where compound 1 was found to glow 15 times brighter than compound 2. Only compound 1 was found to survive the simulated deep-well conditions explored, which was attributed to the Tl⋯N interaction noted for 1 but not for 2.
Annual Total Binge Drinks Consumed by U.S. Adults, 2015.

Introduction Binge drinking (four or more drinks for women, five or more drinks for men on an occasion) accounts for more than half of the 88,000 U.S. deaths resulting from excessive drinking annually. Adult binge drinkers do so frequently and at high intensity; however, there are known disparities in binge drinking that are not well characterized by any single binge-drinking measure. A new measure of total annual binge drinks was used to assess these disparities at the state and national levels. Methods Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2015 data (analyzed in 2016) were used to estimate the prevalence, frequency, intensity, and total binge drinks among U.S. adults. Total annual binge drinks was calculated by multiplying annual binge-drinking episodes by binge-drinking intensity. Results In 2015, a total of 17.1% of U.S. adults (37.4 million) reported an annual average of 53.1 binge-drinking episodes per binge drinker, at an average intensity of 7.0 drinks per binge episode, resulting in 17.5 billion total binge drinks, or 467.0 binge drinks per binge drinker. Although binge drinking was more common among young adults (aged 18-34 years), half of the total binge drinks were consumed by adults aged ≥35 years. Total binge drinks per binge drinker were substantially higher among those with lower educational levels and household incomes than among those with higher educational levels and household incomes. Conclusions U.S. adult binge drinkers consume about 17.5 billion total binge drinks annually, or about 470 binge drinks/binge drinker. Monitoring total binge drinks can help characterize disparities in binge drinking and help plan and evaluate effective prevention strategies.
Anterior Circulation—Large Artery Occlusive Disease and Embolism

This chapter describes the anterior circulation of blood in large artery occlusive disease and embolism. Although the arteries involved in ischemic brain infarction vary from large to small branches and microscopic penetrating vessels, the mechanisms causing the ischemic injury are limited to hemodynamic insufficiency, artery-to-artery embolism, and cardiogenic embolism. In hemodynamic insufficiency, the obstructing lesion, usually an atherosclerotic plaque impedes forward flow of blood to the distal regions supplied by the affected artery. Ischemic injury and infarction result when collateral blood flow inadequately compensates for the lower perfusion. These processes may operate in large arteries or in small penetrating blood vessels. Embolism is the other common mechanism causing ischemia, where a blood clot arises from a proximal source in either the heart or the ipsilateral arterial tree, and travels to a more distal point and obstructs blood flow. Embolism is a dynamic process and thrombus may spontaneously disintegrate due to natural thrombolytic processes resulting in rapid clinical improvement or produce a stable deficit if infarction has already occurred. Embolism generally affects large to medium-size arteries but small penetrating blood vessels may also collect of embolic material.
Anal Cytology: Institutional Statistics, Correlation With Histology, and Development of Multidisciplinary Screening Program With Review of the Current Literature.

Context.— The incidence of anal cancer in the United States is on the rise in high-risk populations. The anal Papanicolaou test (APT) is advocated as a screening tool, in addition to digital rectal...
Intimate partner relationship stress and suicidality in a psychiatrically hospitalized military sample.

Abstract Objective Suicide among United States service members is a significant public health concern. Intimate partner relationship stress may contribute to suicide risk, as a failed or failing relationship is the most commonly documented stressor preceding military suicide attempts and deaths. However, little is known about the manner by which relationship stressors are associated with the experience of military suicidality. Methods A sample of 190 psychiatrically hospitalized military personnel and adult dependents enrolled in an ongoing randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of an inpatient cognitive behavioral treatment for suicidality were included in this study. Analyses examined depression, hopelessness, and suicidality among participants with (n = 105) and without (n = 85) self-reported romantic relationship stress. Results Over half (55%) of the sample reported current romantic relationship stress. Compared to participants without current romantic relationship stress, results indicated that individuals reporting current romantic relationship stress were more hopeless (AOR = 1.07 (95% CI: 1.01–1.12), p = 0.020), more likely to endorse multiple suicide attempts (AOR = 1.96 (95% CI: 1.01–3.79), p = 0.046), had higher overall suicide risk (AOR = 2.49, (95% CI: 1.03–6.06), p = 0.044), and were more likely to report that the reason for their suicidality was at least in part to get a reaction from others. Conclusions Findings suggest romantic relationship stress is associated with greater suicide risk, and have clinical implications for suicide prevention and intervention. Future research may examine mechanisms and pathways between romantic relationship stress, suicidality, and prevention and intervention strategies.