cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract W P278: Defining the Role of the Nurse in Transitions of Care Within a Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC)

Transitions in care are a top priority for the US health care system as well as a core component of the CSC standards. Nurses are key in facilitating care from admission to discharge ensuring successful transitions through a stroke health challenge. Impetus to examine hospital readmission rates has been heightened by public reporting and potential CMS financial penalities. The purpose of this presentation is to describe an interdisciplinary approach in planning care transitions supporting discharge. Our experience as a recently certified CSC identified opportunities for improvement in stroke care transitions. A Stroke Continum Subgroup was formed including key stakeholders in partnering rehab facilities, inpatient rehab, home care, and stroke inpatient units to examine care transitions. Focused efforts evaluated discharge resources emphasizing patient and caregiver assessment, caregiver preparedness, and educational materials. Areas developed to support transitions included: standard caregiver resources i...
The Effect of War Destruction upon the Ecology of Cities

T HE strong impact of World War II bombing upon physical features of cities led numerous writers to assume that the social urban structure had changed almost to the same extent as the physical one. On this basis great optimism was expressed about the possibilities of reconstructing cities with little regard to what previously had existed. However, authorities in charge of organizing and regulating reconstruction soon realized that the destruction of houses did not remove the social and economic obstacles to far-reaching changes of a city's ecological pattern. Such local authorities acquired a store of practical knowledge during the first postwar years revealing much about the social structure of some individual cities. For an urban ecologist it is promising to integrate these local data in order to obtain more general findings which might substantiate, enlarge, or revise ecological theory. War-damaged cities offer opportunities for research and for testing hypotheses which were not available to urban ecologists in such magnitude prior to World War II. To our knowledge little effort has been made to utilize these unique opportunities. The development of an area's ecological structure divorced from its material structure is a phenomenon deserving much attention and thorough study by urban ecologists. In this paper we shall concentrate on the demographic aspects of war destruction in cities, and primarily on density changes. We are, of course, aware that density describes only one aspect of a city's ecology. About other aspects, which are more elusive to a single-handed investigation, we could obtain only some tentative and partial findings.
Identification of the Male Oriental Fruit Fly Attractant in the Golden Shower Blossom

An attractant of the oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, present in the blossom of the golden shower, Cassia fistula L., was isolated by steam distillation, followed by extraction with chloroform, and purified by preparative gas chromatography. The compound was identified as methyleugenol by infrared and ultraviolet spectrophotometry.
Navigating via discrete astronomical radio sources: Geolocation using fringe rates

In many scenarios, GPS can be used to accurately determine a device's location. However, there are many other situations where GPS is either unavailable or unreliable. In such cases, backup solutions are needed. In this paper, we explore a new technique to determine the location of devices that does not rely on fixed infrastructure, but instead uses novel signals of opportunity. Specifically, the approach is based on knowledge of the position and sidereal motion of discrete astronomical radio sources. These sources have the advantage of being readily detectable at radio frequencies over a continuous range from HF through SHF, and, unlike satellites, are effectively permanent and cannot be disabled. Using two antennas acting as an interferometer, the correlation of a discrete astronomical radio source (e.g., radio galaxies, supernova remnants, and pulsars) can be calculated. Further, the rate at which phase of this correlation changes (‘fringe rate’) can be estimated and used for determining location. Specifically, given a discrete astronomical radio source's position and the relative geometry of the antennas, we show that one can determine the latitude and longitude of the interferometer from the fringe rate measurements.
High Resolution Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography (SPECT) 99mTechnetium-Dimercapto-Succinic Acid Renal Imaging: A State of the Art Technique

AbstractThe 99mtechnetium-dimercapto-succinic acid renal scan has become the gold standard for evaluating renal parenchymal pathology. The traditional pinhole technique provides 2-dimensional imaging. Recent application of high resolution single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) has provided the means to obtain even greater cortical detail. With 360-degree imaging and computer reconstruction, SPECT provides coronal, sagittal and transaxial imaging.We prospectively compared the SPECT and pinhole techniques in 33 patients (65 renal units) ranging in age from 2.5 months to 18 years. Both scans were obtained in all patients. All scans were reviewed by an independent interpreter. Using SPECT imaging, diagnostic information was enhanced in 46 of the 65 kidneys (71%). Of the 24 kidneys that appeared “normal” by pinhole imaging 15 (63%) had defects on SPECT imaging. High resolution SPECT imaging improves the ability to identify cortical defects and visualize asymmetry of cortical thickness compared ...
MR IMAGING OF GLENOHUMERAL INSTABILITY

Familiarity with normal anatomy and pathologic features of the capsulolabral complex as well as high resolution imaging are important factors in achieving a consistently high accuracy rate in diagnosis of glenohumeral instability by conventional MR imaging. In this article, the pathophysiology of glenohumeral instability and the various MR imaging findings are discussed and illustrated.
Successes with the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission

Water is essential to our planet Earth. Knowing when, where and how precipitation falls is crucial for understanding the linkages between the Earth's water and energy cycles and is extraordinarily important for sustaining life on our planet during climate change. The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory spacecraft launched February 27, 2014, is the anchor to the GPM international satellite mission to unify and advance precipitation measurements from a constellation of research and operational sensors to provide “next-generation” precipitation products [1–2]. GPM is currently a partnership between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). Status and successes in terms of spacecraft, instruments, retrieval products, validation, and impacts for science and society will be presented.
Artist as Citizen: Transnational Cultural Work in the National Democratic Movement of the Philippines

ii SIGNATURE PAGE iv CHAPTER I—INTRODUCTION 1 Statement of Problem 7 Background and Need 7 Theoretical Framework 10 Purpose of the Study 12 Research Questions 12 Significance of the Study 12 CHAPTER II—REVIEW OF LITERATURE 14 Cultural Work 15 Theater of the Oppressed 15 Cultural Work/Worker Defined 17 Filipino Cultural Work 20 Human Rights in the Philippines in a Historical Context 30 Miseducation and Decolonization in the Philippines 30 The Current Human Rights Crisis in the Philippines 40 Exploring the National Democratic Movement of the Philippines through Social Movement Theory 52 Social Movement Theory 52 History of the National Democratic Movement of the Philippines 61 History of Filipino Migration and Transnationalism 65 CHAPTER III—METHODOLOGY 72 Background of the Researcher 72 Restatement of the Purpose of the Study 75 Overview 76 Research Design 79 Research Setting 82 The Philippines: NCR 82 The United States: San Francisco Bay Area 83 Participants 85 Cultural Workers in the Philippines 86 Cultural Workers in the United States 88 Validity and Reliability 91 Data Collection 93 Interviews 94 Fieldnotes and Observations 95 Data Analysis 97 Ethical Considerations 97
Does Sole Sourcing Generate the Desired Short-Term Performance?: An Exploratory Study

This study develops and empirically tests a model of how exchange transactions are structured within inter-organizational relationships and the ensuing performance outcomes. It directly compares two different, and partly competing, theoretical perspectives on inter-organizational relationships, resource dependence and transaction cost theory.
Binary Asteroids: 1999 KW4

Binary asteroids are estimated to constitute over 15 percent of the Near-Earth Asteroids and may be as prevalent in the Main Belt as well. There are many important issues of science that can be investigated by studying and sending probes to investigate these systems, and their study has been one of the main foci of asteroid science over the last decade. Thus, it is highly probable that a future space mission will visit a binary asteroid and need to carry out operations in its vicinity. The problem of trajectory design and navigation in these systems is complex and challenging, as it requires modeling of the dynamics of the asteroid system in addition to the motion of the spacecraft about the system. In the most general sense the problem of binary asteroids orbiters integrates four classical problems of astrodynamics: the Hill problem, the restricted three-body problem, the non-spherical orbiter problem and the full two-body problem [162], constituting a complex simulation problem. The general problem has been considered in detail in a number of analyses [165, 36, 38, 37, 35], all involving the solution of the full two-body problem for the gravitating components of the binary asteroid, a topic beyond the current book (Fig. 9.1 shows the general geometric description of this problem). Thus in this chapter we introduce the simplest model for a binary asteroid, which is still sufficient for initial mission design and analysis for many of the observed binary systems.
Comment: The Ability Model of Emotional Intelligence: Consistency With Intelligence Theory:

Mayer, Caruso, and Salovey (2016) provide useful updates to the EI ability model and related concepts. However, they do not acknowledge conceptual limitations with the MSCEIT proportion scoring alg...
GPS Interference Cancellation Performance in Single and Multiple MVDR Beamforming Methods

Dual-polarized adaptive antenna arrays are an effective technology for interference nulling. It can be applied prior to delay lock loops in Global Positioning System (GPS). The optimum cancellation weights can be selected based on the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) criterion. However, when the interferer is close to one of the satellites, the MVDR fails to lower the interference-to-signal-and-noise ratio and also leads to irregular and undesirable array response. The solution is to use one set of weights for each satellite, and, as such, isolate this failure to one satellite, rather spread it to all satellites in the field of view. The paper compares single vs. multiple beam MVDR GPS receivers under different interference location and polarization.
Long-term follow-up after near-infrared spectroscopy coronary imaging: Insights from the lipid cORe plaque association with CLinical events (ORACLE-NIRS) registry

Abstract Background Coronary lipid core plaque may be associated with the incidence of subsequent cardiovascular events. Methods We analyzed outcomes of 239 patients who underwent near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) coronary imaging between 2009–2011. Multivariable Cox regression was used to identify variables independently associated with the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; cardiac mortality, acute coronary syndromes (ACS), stroke, and unplanned revascularization) during follow-up. Results Mean patient age was 64 ± 9 years, 99% were men, and 50% were diabetic, presenting with stable coronary artery disease (61%) or an acute coronary syndrome (ACS, 39%). Target vessel pre-stenting median lipid core burden index (LCBI) was 88 [interquartile range, IQR 50–130]. Median LCBI in non-target vessels was 57 [IQR 26–94]. Median follow-up was 5.3 years. The 5-year MACE rate was 37.5% (cardiac mortality was 15.0%). On multivariable analysis the following variables were associated with MACE: diabetes mellitus, prior percutaneous coronary intervention performed at index angiography, and non-target vessel LCBI. Non-target vessel LCBI of 77 was determined using receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis to be a threshold for prediction of MACE in our cohort. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for non-target vessel LCBI ≥77 was 14.05 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.47–133.51, p = 0.002). The 5-year cumulative incidence of events in the above-threshold group was 58.0% vs. 13.1% in the below-threshold group. Conclusion During long-term follow-up of patients who underwent NIRS imaging, high LCBI in a non-PCI target vessel was associated with increased incidence of MACE.
Numerical ATI Wave Functions and their Implications

In high-intensity photoionization of atoms several peaks separated by photon energy are observed in the energy spectrum of the liberated electrons, as if an electron continued to absorb photons even after it has been released from the atom. This phenomenon, now known as Above-Threshold Ionization(ATI), has spurred a large body of experimental1–3 and theoretical4–6 work. Nonetheless, the understanding of ATI is at present far from complete, mostly because it is extraordinarily difficult to work out theories to the point where a comparison with an experiment can really distinguish between them. For instance, the existing theories typically ignore either complicated features of real experiments such as temporal and spatial shape of the laser pulse, or most of the atomic structure.
ATF3 inhibits the inflammation induced by Mycoplasma pneumonia in vitro and in vivo.

Objectives Activating transcription factor-3 (ATF3) is a key regulator of inflammatory responses. We aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of ATF3 on the inflammatory cytokines are induced by Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP). Study design RAW264.7 and mouse peritoneal macrophages were exposed to various time with or without MP infection (3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h), and detect the expression of ATF3. Adenovirus-expression of ATF3 (Ad/ATF3) or Ad/βgal was transfected into cells which were exposed to MP for 48 h, RT-PCR and ELISA was used to evaluate the expression and secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18. In addition, intravenous administration Ad/ATF3 or Ad/βgal into the mice, the secretion of inflammatory cytokines were detected using ELISA. ChIP assay was used to determine whether ATF3 can bind to the promoter of Early growth response protein 1 (Egr-1). Western blot was used to detect the expression of Egr-1 and Fyn. Results ATF3 was increased at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h and the highest expression levels occurs in 6 h, there is no significant differences at 24 and 48 h compared with 0 h or CON group in RAW 264.7. Similar results were seen in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Overexpression of ATF3 resulted in the reduction of inflammatory cytokines. ChIP assay revealed that ATF3 can bind to the promoter of Egr-1. Overexpression of ATF3 inhibited the protein expression of Egr-1 and Fyn; conversely, ATF3-deficiency promoted the expression of Egr-1 and Fyn. Overexpression of Egr-1 reduced the anti-inflammatory action of ATF3. Conclusions ATF3 inhibit the expression and release of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 induced by MP in vitro and in vivo, which is associated with its negative regulation of Egr-1/Fyn signaling pathway.
The effect of the promiscuity stereotype on opposition to gay rights

Opposition to gay rights is prevalent in countries around the world. Recent correlational research suggests that opposition to gay rights may be driven by an interaction between one’s own short-term mating orientation (i.e. willingness to engage in casual sex) and representations of gay people as sexually promiscuous. Here, we experimentally manipulated representations of gay men by randomly assigning participants to read one of two versions of a fictitious newspaper article, one of which contained faux scientific evidence confirming the stereotype that gay men are promiscuous, and the other containing faux scientific evidence refuting the stereotype. We found that the manipulation interacted with short-term mating orientation (STMO) to predict opposition to gay rights, such that low-STMO individuals (i.e. more averse to casual sex) exhibited more support for gay rights when assigned to read the stereotype-refuting article compared to the stereotype-confirming article, whereas high-STMO individuals (i.e. less averse to casual sex) were not significantly influenced by the manipulation. We discuss the implications of these findings for the study of antigay attitudes, as well as for recent societal changes in acceptance of homosexuality.
Metabolic plasticity in development: Synergistic responses to high temperature and hypoxia in zebrafish, Danio rerio.

This study investigated interactions of temperature and hypoxia on metabolic plasticity and regulation in zebrafish, Danio rerio, in the first week of development. Larval morphometry, oxygen consumption, and metabolic responses to acute changes in temperature and oxygen were measured in larvae reared under four conditions, including control (28°C and partial pressures of oxygen [PO2] of 21 kPa), high temperature (31°C), hypoxia (11 kPa), and the two stressors combined. Rearing conditions did not result in consistent morphometric changes; substantial metabolic adjustments, however, were evident. While acute temperature increase resulted in elevated oxygen consumption, with a Q10 of 2.2 ± 0.08, early-staged larvae were able to compensate to chronic temperature rise as routine metabolic rates did not differ between 28°C and 31°C chronic treatments. In contrast, larval responses to chronic and acute hypoxia were similar, with ∼30% decrease in metabolic rates from normoxic values at both temperatures. Further, prior exposure to chronic hypoxia in conjunction with acute high temperature increased Q10 by a factor of 2.5 from 2.2 ± 0.08 to 5.6 ± 0.19. Metabolic suppression by acute hypoxia was independent of any prior exposure conditions. In short, results from this study showed that zebrafish larvae exhibited surprising temperature resilience and metabolic plasticity to a 3°C temperature rise even in their first week of life. Yet exposure to a second stressor (hypoxia) resulted in elevated sensitivity to temperature change that may lead to bioenergetic imbalance due to synergetic effects of temperature and hypoxia on metabolic rates.
Normal-phase liquid chromatography retention behavior of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles and alkyl-substituted polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycle isomers on an aminopropyl stationary phase

Retention indices for 67 polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) and 80 alkyl-substituted PASHs were determined using normal-phase liquid chromatography (NPLC) on an aminopropyl (NH2) stationary phase. The retention behavior of PASH on the NH2 phase is correlated with the number of aromatic carbon atoms and two structural characteristics have a significant influence on their retention: non-planarity (thickness, T) and the position of the sulfur atom in the bay-region of the structure. Correlations between solute retention on the NH2 phase and T of PASHs were investigated for three cata-condensed (cata-) PASH isomer groups: (a) 13 four-ring molecular mass (MM) 234 Da cata-PASHs, (b) 20 five-ring MM 284 Da cata-PASHs, and (c) 12 six-ring MM 334 Da cata-PASHs. Correlation coefficients ranged from r = −0.49 (MM 234 Da) to r = −0.65 (MM 334 Da), which were significantly lower than structurally similar PAH isomer groups (r = −0.70 to r = −0.99). The NPLC retention behavior of the PASHs are compared to similar results for PAHs.
Automated detection of grade-crossing-trespassing near misses based on computer vision analysis of surveillance video data

Abstract Grade-crossing trespasses are one of the greatest sources of injuries and fatalities on railways. While there is a wealth of data regarding grade-crossing accidents, near misses (or precursor events) associated with unsafe trespassing on railroad tracks are not reported, and therefore a comprehensive dataset is unavailable. This paper presents a Computer Vision (CV) algorithm to automatically detect trespassing near misses based on surveillance video footage of railway-road grade crossings. The CV algorithm is designed to be robust under changing lighting conditions over the course of the day-night cycle and works well under varying weather conditions. The algorithm is currently implemented based on data from one grade crossing in New Jersey. With minimal configuration changes, the algorithm can be adapted to various other grade crossings. Ultimately, the CV methodology can support data-driven grade-crossing near-miss risk analysis and contribute to proactive safety improvements at grade crossings.
Nominally non-responsive frontal and sensory cortical cells encode task-relevant variables via ensemble consensus-building

Neurons recorded in behaving animals often do not discernibly respond to sensory input and are not overtly task-modulated. These nominally non-responsive neurons are difficult to interpret and are typically neglected from analysis, confounding attempts to connect neural activity to perception and behavior. Here we describe a trial-by-trial, spike-timing-based algorithm to reveal the hidden coding capacities of these neurons in auditory and frontal cortex of behaving rats. Responsive and nominally non-responsive cells contained significant information about sensory stimuli and behavioral decisions, and network modeling indicated that nominally non-responsive cells are important for task performance. Sensory input was more accurately represented in frontal cortex than auditory cortex, via ensembles of nominally non-responsive cells coordinating the behavioral meaning of spike timings on correct but not error trials. This unbiased approach allows the contribution of all recorded neurons - particularly those without obvious task-modulation - to be assessed for behavioral relevance on single trials.
Preserver and Destroyer: Salt in The History of Mary Prince

Salt has a commanding metaphorical and material presence in the history of Western culture and proves an ideal substance for the study of a wide variety of interlocking phenomena. This paper explor...
Ongoing Quality Assessment/Improvement in Clinical IVF

The main objective of any in vitro fertilization (IVF) program is to provide the highest quality care for the patients being treated. Although “quality” in this context can be interpreted in several ways, it is generally perceived as achieving a high rate of healthy live birth per cycle. Critical to achieving this goal is a comprehensive, effective, and active quality management program that monitors and assures standards are maintained and improvements introduced, both regarding the clinical management and treatment of the patients and the performance of the IVF laboratory. This chapter focuses on management of the laboratory, with specific attention given to quality control, quality assurance, and quality improvement in order to provide the highest standards and greatest reproducibility of laboratory services. Four areas of quality management within an IVF laboratory are defined: patient and tissue identification, supply management, equipment maintenance, and monitoring of clinical outcomes. Each of the quality management sections are accompanied by the most salient regulations defined by the College of American Pathologists (CAP) as well as helpful tools for performing active quality control and for monitoring laboratory performance through quality assurance analyses. The designs of trials for quality improvement are described in order to provide a working framework for implementation of improvements in laboratory performance. In addition, a detailed discussion of a comprehensive quality management program for the IVF laboratory is provided.
Critical Flicker Frequency in X-Chromosome Linked Dichromats

Critical flicker frequency (CFF) was investigated in dichromats as a function of luminance and field size. For each of six field sizes (0.7°–5.5°), CFF thresholds were obtained for a square-wave-modulated 580 nm stimulus of -0.35 to 4.65 log trolands. CFF increased linearly with luminance but reached an asymptote above 3.0 log trolands. Deuteranopes showed a higher asymptotic CFF than protanopes for all field sizes. The relative spectral sensitivity of deuteranopes and protanopes to the 580 nm stimulus cannot account for the differences in asymptotic CFF, although the ascending portions of the curves for the two groups could be aligned with a translation along the luminance axis. The differences in asymptotic CFF are not due to the edge conditions of the test stimulus. Thresholds were obtained for a 1.5° test with a 580 nm equiluminance surround. The relative difference in asymptotic values for the two groups for both surround and no surround conditions remained the same. A difference in the density of cone mosaics for deuteranopes and protanopes was analyzed as a possible explanation for the differential flicker sensitivity found in our study.
1 – Overview of Visualization

This chapter examines the basic algorithms for scientific visualization. The algorithms that transform data are the heart of data visualization. In practice, a typical algorithm can be thought of as a transformation from one data form into another. These operations may also change the dimensionality of the data. For example, generating a streamline from a specification of a starting point in an input, 3D dataset produces an ID curve. The input may be represented as a finite element mesh, while the output may be represented as a polyline. Such operations are typical of scientific visualization systems that repeatedly transform data into different forms and ultimately transform it into a representation that can be rendered by the computer system. Structural transformations can be classified in four ways, depending on how they affect the geometry, topology, and attributes of a dataset. The chapter considers the topology of the dataset as the relationship of discrete data samples (one to another) that are invariant with respect to geometric transformation.
The association between inherited thrombophilia, antiphospholipid antibodies and lipoprotein A levels with obstetrical complications in pregnancy

Objectives: To evaluate the association between obstetrical complications in pregnancy and thrombophilic factors. Study Design: 75 pregnant women with obstetrical complications and 66 controls with live births without obstetrical complications were tested for thrombophilia. All subjects were negative for thromboembolic disease. Results: The obstetrical complications in the study group were unexplained oligohydramnios = 16 (21%), IUGR = 17 (23%), preeclampsia <32 weeks = 15 (20%), recurrent abortions = 42 (56%), fetal demise = 14 (19%), abruption = 8 (11%). Comparing women with obstetrical complications versus controls, factor V Leiden mutation was present in 7 (10%) versus 1 (2%) P = .064, odds ratio (OR) = 7, 95%, CI = 0.8–58.5, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome in 14 (19%) versus 2 (3%) P = .003, OR = 7, 95% CI = 1.7–35, high lipoprotein A levels 13 (30%) versus 6 (10%) P = .019, OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.3–11. In the study group, there was a case each of prothrombin gene mutation, elevated homocysteine level, antithrombin III, protein S&C deficiencies. Major thrombophilia diagnosis was present in 24 (32%) versus 3 (5%) of controls p = .001, OR = 9.8. No association was found with the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene mutation. In 22 women who subsequently became pregnant, prophylactic anticoagulant therapy compared to pretreatment control pregnancies showed 22 versus 11 live births P = .001, 95% CI = 0.3–0.7 and obstetrical complications of 2 (9%) versus 22 (100%) P = .001, OR = 11, 95% CI = 2.9–41.2. Conclusion: An association is suggested between non-thromboembolic pregnancy complications and hypercoagulable disorders. Prophylactic anticoagulant therapy may be associated with improved pregnancy outcome.
Ventricular remodeling fundamental to the progression (and regression) of heart failure.

The ability of the left ventricle to adapt its structure and function to prevailing conditions has long fascinated clinicians and investigators. The left ventricle has a truly remarkable plasticity, evident from stresses both physiologic and pathologic ([1][1]). The physiologic stress of high-level
Education: Cultural and Religious Concepts

The word education, as used in this article, means intentional efforts to improve people's knowledge, skills, goals, or values. Culture means the beliefs, patterns of behavior, and physical objects shared in common by members of a group and passed from one generation to the next through education and daily experience. Groups that display particular cultures can be of various kinds—family, community, regional, national, ethnic, occupational, social-class, religious, and more. Religion, as a subcategory of culture, is typically an integrated system of beliefs about a supreme being or gods (theology), the origin and control of the universe (cosmology), the nature of existence (ontology), rules governing human relations (ethics, morals), knowledge and its proper sources (epistemology), and the goal of life (teleology). Concepts of education are beliefs about what is worth learning and how people should acquire that learning. A group's concept of education can be inferred from the dominant educational agencies, objectives, curriculum content, methods of teaching, and techniques of evaluation found within that group. To demonstrate how different groups' concepts can result in variegated modes of education across cultures, this article illustrates the proposition that all cultures pursue the same five basic educational goals. Cultures can vary in (a) the specific learning objectives and curriculum content under those goals, and (b) their system for delivering instruction. This article closes with a brief interpretation of historical trends in cultural conceptions of education.
Diazepam-Treated Female Rats: Flumazenil- and PK 11195-Induced Withdrawal in the Hippocampus CA1

Abstract Six female rats had a loading dose of 180 mg of diazepam (DZ) contained in two Silastic capsules implanted in their backs. Thereafter, a single 90-mg capsule was implanted weekly for 4 weeks prior to weekly microinjections of 1 μl of flumazenil (6.25, 12.5, or 25 μg) and PK 11195 (3.125, 6.25, or 12.5 μg) or vehicle into the CA1. Three control rats had empty capsules implanted but received only the high dose of flumazenil after 5 weeks. The time of DZ exposure spanned 8 weeks. Mean steady-state plasma levels of DZ were 1.06 ± 0.11, and the mean total (DZ + metabolites) was 2.46 μg/ml ± 0.37. Flumazenil elicited a dose-related precipitated withdrawal score (PAS) in DZ-treated rats (but not in controls) characterized by dose-related increases in convulsive (twitches and jerks), motor and autonomic signs, dose-related increases in the percent of total power in the low frequency (1–4 Hz), and decreases in the high-frequency (18–26 Hz) bands of the EEG recorded from the dentate and the amygdala. PK 11195 produced a dose-related increase in the 4–12 Hz band of the EEG recorded from the CA1, whereas the PAS was mild and not dose-related. However, the 6.25 and 12.5-μg doses elicited a significant PAS that tended to increase with dose. These data indicate that chronic DZ produces dependence, and that in the CA1 it involves the participation of central and possibly peripheral benzodiazepine (BZ) receptors located within this structure.
A mathematical model to systematically align superconducting radio frequency cavities employing the serial robot kinematic theory

In Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cryomodules, precise alignment of cavities is necessary to ensure high beam quality and to increase the overall energetic efficiency. In the SSR1 (Single Spoke Resonator 1) cryomodule, the cavities are aligned using a system of seven screws which allows to control five Degree of Freedoms (DOFs). The relation between the rotation of each screw and the movement of the cavity is non-linear, thus the aligning process, currently based on a trial-and-error procedure, can be time consuming and affected by human error. In this paper the design of an alignment mathematical model, based on the serial robot kinematic, is described and tested on a SSR1 cavity. The goal of the proposed model is to give a step by step operational procedure that bring the SSR1 cavity to a desired location reducing the uncertainties related to the current operator-driven alignment process.
Addressing the Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma Microenvironment with Intratumoral Immunotherapy

Sarcoma is comprised of a heterogeneous group of tumors originating from the mesenchyme. Sarcoma is also the first tumor that responded to immunotherapeutic agents often termed as "Coley's toxins." However, immunotherapy is yet to establish its presence in sarcomas. Complex interactions between tumor and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment play a crucial role in response to immunotherapy. There is a dynamic equilibrium created by the immune cells infiltrating the tumor, and this forms the basis of tumor evasion. Manipulating the intratumoral microenvironment will help overcome tumor evasion.
APOL1 Genetic Testing in Living Kidney Transplant Donors

The presence of 2 apolipoprotein L1 gene (APOL1) risk variants is associated with increased risk for chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease. Inferior allograft outcomes following transplantation with kidneys from donors with 2 risk variants have also been reported. These data, coupled with anecdotal case reports and a recent cohort study of living donors, raise important questions about the potential increased kidney disease risk for living donors with APOL1 risk variants and the need for testing as part of the standard living donor evaluation process. We identify a series of questions that are central to the development of clinical policy regarding APOL1 testing of potential living kidney donors given the current uncertainty over the clinical implications of having 2 risk variants. We explore the ethical challenges that arise when determining when and to whom APOL1 testing should be offered, what potential donors should be told about APOL1 testing, how test results should be used to determine suitability for donation, if and when recipients should have access to results, and how clinical policy regarding APOL1 testing should be established.
Abstract 3842: Co-targeting BET and MEK as salvage therapy for MAPKi and checkpoint inhibitor resistant melanoma

Despite novel therapies for melanoma, drug resistance remains a significant hurdle to achieving optimal responses. NRAS mutant melanoma is an archetype of therapeutic challenges in the field, which we used to test drug combinations to avert drug resistance. We show that the BET family member BRD4 is expressed at high levels in NRAS-mutant melanoma, and that high levels of BRD4 are associated with poor patient survival. Combining BET and MEK inhibitors synergistically curbed the growth of NRAS mutant melanoma and prolonged the survival of mice bearing tumors refractory to MAPK inhibitors and immunotherapy. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that combining BET and MEK inhibitors mitigated a MAPK- and checkpoint-inhibitor resistance transcriptional signature, downregulated the transcription factor TCF19, and induced apoptosis. Notably, TCF19 levels were downregulated in post-treatment biopsies from patients that responded to targeted or immunotherapies. In contrast, TCF19 levels were upregulated in tumor samples from non-responder patients. Furthermore, global proteomic analysis of PDX derived from patients resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitor indicate that the major downstream effects of concurrent BET and MEK inhibition is lipid metabolism. We are investigating the impact and mechanism whereby lipids modulate therapy response. Together our studies demonstrate that co-targeting MEK and BET can offset therapy resistance, offering a potential salvage strategy for melanomas with no other therapeutic options, and possibly other treatment-resistant tumor types. Citation Format: Jessie Villanueva, Ileabett M. Echevarria-Vargas, Patricia I. Reyes-Uribe, Adam Guterres, Amruta Ronghe, Delaine M. Zayas-Bazan Burgos, Qin Liu, Xiaowei Xu, David W. Speicher. Co-targeting BET and MEK as salvage therapy for MAPKi and checkpoint inhibitor resistant melanoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3842.
Bowel Preparation in Colorectal Surgery: Impact on SSIs and Enhanced Recovery Protocols

There are few topics more widely debated in the gastrointestinal surgical literature than the use of mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) for colorectal surgery. Some of the controversy arises from differences in practice patterns between the North America and Europe. However, much of the discrepancy arises from methodological differences between studies with regard to bowel preparation recipes including the osmolarity of the cathartic and the presence or absence of oral antibiotics (OAs). The variations in study methodology (specifically with regard to the omission of OAs) have led to misinterpretation of the data and changes in practice. An isosmotic MBP in combination with OAs is associated with the lowest attainable rates of infectious morbidity following elective colorectal surgery. Preparation use may be optimized by the use of palatable lower volume isosmotic solutions, prophylactic antiemetics, and electrolyte-rich drinks. Use of these preparations can be effectively utilized within an enhanced recovery protocol without untoward effects on the recovery process.
What Mentees Bring: Relationship Characteristics Pre-Mentoring and Mentoring Relationship Satisfaction:

A critical mechanism through which mentors are thought to influence developmental outcomes is the mentee-mentor relationship. Attachment theories suggest that a mentee’s perceptions of other relati...
Analyses enteral nutrition some problems in children

Enteral nutrition therapy is the first choice of clinical nutrition therapy method in children with disease.We should make full use of the gastrointestinal function and total nutritional therapy.The key is based on gastrointestinal function choose enteral nutrition infusion way,infusion pattern and prevention and treatment of refeeding syndrome.As following is introduction about a few problems. Key words: Enteral nutrition; Parenteral nutrition; Refeeding syndrome
Next Generation Sequencing of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer – Utilization Based on Race and Impact on Survival

Abstract Background Next generation sequencing (NGS) of tumor of patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is now a standard of care that informs the clinician on the best therapeutic approach for their patients. The purpose of our study was to investigate the overall impact of NGS testing on survival as well as potential racial differences in utilization, therapeutic decision, and genomic alterations. Method Using a large institutional database, 928 patients with stage IV NSCLC were identified. NGS testing using Foundation One platform was used. Clinical and genomic characteristics were compared by race. We used a propensity-modeling technique to compare groups that were sequenced or not in terms of overall survival. Time to event data was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox model. Results A total of 295 patients underwent NGS. Patients undergoing NGS testing had significantly longer survival of 25.3 months versus those who did not undergo sequencing with a median survival of 14.6 months (P = .002) irrespective if they received targeted therapy or not. There was no difference in terms of NGS utilization based on race (P = .32). African American individuals had significantly higher rates of ALK rearrangements and mutations in PBRM1, SETD2, TSC2, and FBXW7. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that within a large single institution there is no racial difference in NGS utilization and that NGS testing directly impacts survival. We identify a number of differences in genomic findings between African American and white individuals.
Sexual dimorphism in the nociceptive effects of hyaluronan.

ABSTRACT Intradermal administration of low-molecular-weight hyaluronan (LMWH) in the hind paw induced dose-dependent (0.1, 1, or 10 µg) mechanical hyperalgesia of similar magnitude in male and female rats. However, the duration of LMWH hyperalgesia was greater in females. This sexual dimorphism was eliminated by bilateral ovariectomy and by intrathecal administration of an oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) antisense to the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPR30) mRNA in females, indicating estrogen dependence. To assess the receptors at which LMWH acts to induce hyperalgesia, LMWH was administered to groups of male and female rats that had been pretreated with ODN antisense (or mismatch) to the mRNA for 1 of 3 hyaluronan receptors, cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), toll-like receptor 4, or receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM). Although LMWH-induced hyperalgesia was attenuated in both male and female rats pretreated with ODN antisense for CD44 and toll-like receptor 4 mRNA, RHAMM antisense pretreatment only attenuated LMWH-induced hyperalgesia in males. Oligodeoxynucleotide antisense for RHAMM, however, attenuated LMWH-induced hyperalgesia in female rats treated with ODN antisense to GPR30, as well as in ovariectomized females. Low-molecular-weight hyaluronan-induced hyperalgesia was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (HMWH) in male, but not in female rats. After gonadectomy or treatment with ODN antisense to GPR30 expression in females, HMWH produced similar attenuation of LMWH-induced hyperalgesia to that seen in males. These experiments identify nociceptors at which LMWH acts to produce mechanical hyperalgesia, establishes estrogen dependence in the role of RHAMM in female rats, and establishes estrogen dependence in the inhibition of LMWH-induced hyperalgesia by HMWH.
An extraordinary year

As 2020 draws to a close, New Scientist's columnists reflect on what's important for them, from race justice to plant power, family to hope for the future
Hinged Microstrip Quasi-FIR Filter for Physically Reconfigurable Antennas

Physically reconfigurable radio frequency (RF) front-ends are required for future 5G/millimeter-wave (mm-wave) systems to enable portability and/or integration on small platforms. In this paper, we present a novel preselection filter capable of physical reconfiguration and mechanical actuation utilizing quasi-finite-impulse response and flexible hinges. The filter is optimized for operation from 4.0 to 5.5 GHz. Parametric analysis of the hinging mechanism shows desirable results with negligible effects on the underlying filter performance. Unfolded and folded prototypes were fabricated and tested. Measurements showed that both topologies operate as designed within the 1.5 GHz bandwidth.
Arrhythmias and device therapies in patients with cancer therapy-induced cardiomyopathy

Our knowledge of associated cardiotoxicities from novel therapeutics in oncology continues to expand. These include arrhythmias from cancer-therapy induced cardiomyopathy resulting from both direct and indirect effects on cardiomyocytes and other mechanisms that can adversely impact cardiovascular outcomes and overall mortality. In this review, we focus on both the arrhythmias of various classes of oncologic agents as well as the use of cardiac implantable electronic devices (cardioverter-defibrillators, permanent pacemakers, and cardiac resynchronization therapy) in cardio-oncology patients.
Social partners and temperature jointly affect morning foraging activity of small birds in winter

Daily foraging activity of small wintering birds is classically thought to be driven by the need to gather enough energy reserves to survive each night. A separate line of research has shown that sociality is a major driver in winter foraging activities in many species. Here, we used wintering birds as a study system to move toward an integrative understanding of the influence of energy requirements and sociality on foraging ecology. We used RFID-enabled feeders in Lincoln, Nebraska, USA in January–March 2019 to measure foraging activity in two species (downy woodpeckers, Dryobates pubescens, and white-breasted nuthatches, Sitta carolinensis). We analyzed the relationship between overnight temperature and morning foraging activity and found that lowest overnight temperature was weakly correlated with morning visitation at feeders. We then used a network approach to ask if flock associations explain similarity in birds’ foraging activity. In both species, individuals with stronger associations in a social network were more likely to share similar feeder activity, and an index of social partners’ activity explained foraging activity better than overnight temperature. This brings forth new questions about the interplay between individual response to temperature and social factors in shaping how small animals cope with harsh winter conditions.
Buckling and Ultimate Strength Assessment of FPSO Structures

Floating production, storage and offloading systems (FPSOs) have been widely used for the development of offshore oil and gas fields because of their attractive features. They are mostly shipshaped, either converted from existing tankers or purposely built, and the hull structural scantling design for tankers may be applicable to FPSOs. However, FPSOs have their unique characteristics. FPSOs are sited at specific locations with a dynamic loading that is quite different from those arising from unrestricted service conditions. The structures are to be assessed to satisfy the requirements of all in-service and pre-service loading conditions. The fundamental aspects in the structural assessment of FPSOs are the buckling and ultimate strength behaviors of the plate panels, stiffened panels and hull girders. The focus of this paper is to address the buckling and ultimate strength criteria for FPSO structures. Various aspects of the criteria have been widely investigated, and the results of the design formulae proposed in this paper have been compared to a very extensive test database and numerical results from nonlinear finite element analysis and other available methods. The procedures presented in this paper are based on the outcomes of a series of classification society projects in the development of buckling and ultimate strength criteria and referred to the corresponding classification society publications.
Metabolism and Neurotransmission

Oxidative metabolism is essential for normal neuronal function. The brain consumes 20% of the oxygen that is used by the body even though it represents only 2% of the total body mass. Most of this oxygen is utilized for the catabolism of glucose and the production of ATP. However, mild to moderate decreases in the availability or utilization of oxygen or glucose impair brain function without reducing the levels of energy metabolites (i.e., ATP).1–4 The cerebral dysfunction that accompanies impaired oxidative metabolism is associated with changes in neurotransmitter metabolism. Thus, an understanding of the pathophysiological basis of altered neuronal function requires knowledge of the relationship of metabolism to neurotransmission.