cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Formal Analysis of Space Filling Curves for Parallel Domain Decomposition

Space filling curves (SFCs) are widely used for parallel domain decomposition in scientific computing applications. The proximity preserving properties of SFCs are expected to keep most accesses local in applications that require efficient access to spatial neighborhoods. While experimental results are used to confirm this behavior, a rigorous mathematical analysis of SFCs turns out to be rather hard and rarely attempted. In this paper, we analyze SFC based parallel domain decomposition for a uniform random spatial distribution in three dimensions. Let n denote the expected number of points and P denote the number of processors. We show that the expected distance along an SFC to a nearest neighbor is O(n^2/3). We then consider the problem of answering nearest neighbor and spherical region queries for each point. For P = n^\alpha (0 \le \alpha \leqslant 1) processors, we show that the total number of remote accesses grows as O(n^3/4+\alpha/4). This analysis shows that the expected number of total remote accesses is sublinear for any sublinear number of processors. We view the analysis presented here as a step towards the goal of understanding the utility of SFCs in scientific applications and the analysis of more complex spatial distributions.
A new current balancing method for digitally controlled interleaved PFC

Interleaved power converters require equal and stable current balancing between phases. This digest presents a new current balancing approach to boost interleaved power factor correction (PFC) circuit. With the advantage of digital control, the current balancing is simplified and only the total of the switch currents needs to be sensed for the operation. The proposed approach can achieve equal current balancing between phases with circuit parameter mismatch. Experimental results verify the performance of the proposed control approach on a 600W two-phase boost PFC converter.
Cloning and Characterization of Trichophyton rubrum Genes Encoding Actin, Tri r2, and Tri r4

The three structural genes of Trichophyton rubrum encoding actin (3,429 bp) and two antigens, Tri r2 (2,950 bp) and Tri r4 (3,988 bp), were cloned and characterized. They contained six, four, and five exons, respectively. The T. rubrum actin protein sequence revealed extremely high homology to other fungal actins.
Design and analysis of trellis codes for orthogonal signal sets

This paper studies trellis codes to be used with orthogonal signal constellations. The intended application is in direct-sequence code-division multiple-access communication systems. The problem of designing good codes is addressed showing how to construct trellis codes from block codes with good burst-error detecting capabilities. Several examples are given resulting in codes equivalent to those found previously by computer search (Ryan and Wilson, 1991). The procedure presented can be done by hand and is applicable for designing codes with long constraint lengths and large signal sets where a computer search becomes prohibitive. Performance of such coded systems can be determined through transfer functions of the specific codes used. A general transfer function is given which provides a reasonable approximation to the actual transfer function of good codes. Thus, a first-order approximation to the performance of a given system can be determined without actually going through the process of designing and analyzing a specific code. >
Weaning From Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation: The Experience at a Regional Weaning Center

Study objective The aim of this study was to describe the facility, patient population, outcome of treatment, and survival of patients transferred to a regional weaning center (RWC) after prolonged mechanical ventilation in the ICU setting. Design Retrospective record review. Setting Regional weaning center. Patients Four hundred twenty-one consecutive ventilator dependent patients were transferred from ICU care for attempted weaning over a 36-month period. Measurement and results Acute catastrophic surgical, traumatic, or septic illness resulted in ventilator dependency with much greater frequency than decompensated COPD. Of the 421 patients, 116 died and 287 survived with outcome known at discharge. Of the 287 who survived, 212 were freed from ventilator support. Patients who weaned were ventilator-dependent for 46.9 ± 2.9 days before transfer to the RWC. Almost half of those weaned were discharged to their homes. Survival at 6 months and 1 year after discharge was 44 percent and 28 percent respectively, and it was greater for those at home than for those discharged to an extended care facility (ECF). The RWC care was approximately $1,500 per patient day less costly than ICU care, and $208 per patient day less costly than noninvasive respiratory care unit care. Conclusions Selected patients who become ventilator dependent for prolonged periods in the ICU may be transferred to an RWC with the expectation of successful weaning in a majority of cases.
The importance of unitization for familiarity-based learning.

It is often assumed that recollection is necessary to support memory for novel associations, whereas familiarity supports memory for single items. However, the levels of unitization (LOU) framework assumes that familiarity can support associative memory under conditions in which the components of an association are unitized (i.e., treated as a single coherent item). In the current study we test two critical assumptions of this framework. First, does unitization reflect a specialized form of learning or is it simply a form of semantic or elaborative encoding, and, second, can the beneficial effects of unitization on familiarity be observed for across-domain associations or are they limited to creating new associations between items that are from the same stimulus domains? Unitization was found to increase associative recognition but not item recognition, it affected familiarity more so than recollection, it increased associative but not item priming, and it was dissociable from levels of processing effects. Moreover, unitization effects were found to be particularly effective in supporting face-word and fractal-sound pairs. The current results indicate that unitization reflects a specialized form of learning that supports associative familiarity of within- and across-domain associations.
Potential/charge balance model for a floating gate EEPROM cell

This paper develops an EEPROM cell model using potential and charge balance principles for the purpose of modeling the tunnel current and cell threshold voltage. The model is applied using a methodology previously presented in literature, and the results compared to experimental data as well as two different capacitor models previously presented in literature.
Development of the retinotectal topographic projection in the chick embryo.

Abstract Known quadrants of the retina of chick embryo eyes were surgically ablated at stages before optic fibers reach the optic tectum. The resulting pattern of optic fiber distribution on the optic tectum at 12 days of incubation was determined by histological examination of serially-sectioned, silver-impregnated specimens. Partial retinal ablation at 4 or 5 days of incubation resulted at 12 days in subnormal eye size, local retinal defects and localized areas on the surface of the tectum devoid of fibers, corresponding to the quadrant of retina destroyed. In this way a map of the retinal projection upon the tectum was built up. Partial retinal ablation at 3 days resulted at 12 days in nearly normal eyes and normal optic fiber distribution on the tectum. The retinotectal connections in the chick embryo are topographically organized. The local topographic specificity of the retina becomes fixed between the third and fourth day of incubation. The demonstration that embryonic optic fibers terminate on specific local areas of the tectum indicates that the local topographic specificity of the tectum arises independently of the retina or optic fibers.
The Warm Season Dip in Diurnal Temperature Range over the Eastern United States

Abstract In light of numerous studies documenting a decline in the diurnal temperature range (DTR) over much of the globe, some authors have in recent years examined the annual march of the DTR in an effort to understand better the factors that influence the DTR’s seasonal variations. These papers show that, over the southern two-thirds of the eastern United States, the DTR’s climatology features peaks in spring and autumn and minima in winter and mid-to-late summer. However, the factors responsible for these characteristics remain uncertain. In this study, the DTR climatology of the eastern United States is analyzed in detail using daily surface and 850-mb data, with emphasis on possible relationships to seasonal changes in vegetation. It is shown that the warm season dip in the DTR deepens and widens from north to south across the study area, in accordance with a lengthening of the growing season. Furthermore, the dip is particularly prominent in the annual march of the DTR on mostly sunny days, indicat...
Sepsis Related Renal Morphological Alterations and the Functional Correlates

Through the years, major advances in a better understanding of the complexities of any disease, from its early stage to its full development, have been associated with the progress in concepts and techniques aimed at establishing a rational link between functional and structural pathology. The ensuing knowledge not only has provided helpful insights into physiopathological implications of a disease but it has, in many occasions, provided the foundation for a proper diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic intervention.
The Problem of False Discovery: Many Scientific Results Can't Be Replicated, Leading to Serious Questions about What's True and False in the World of Research

Is there a Cheshire Cat in science? One might believe so, given the many published scientific discoveries that cannot be independently reproduced. The ?replication crisis? in science has become a widely discussed issue among scientists and the lay media and even has its own entry in Wikipedia.
Antitumor Agents from Agave schottii(Amaryllidaceae)

Extracts of Agave schottii Engelm. (Amaryllidaceae) were shown to be effective inhibitors of the Walker carcinoma 256 (intramuscular) tumor system of the CCNSC. The active material was shown to be saponin. By means of a Silica Gel G dry-column technique, an effective separation of the acetates of the saponins present was accomplished. Gitogenin was identified as the genin of all saponins present. While the sugar associated with the saponin showing the highest degree of activity was galactose, the sugars associated with the three other saponins were identified as a mixture of galactose and glucose.
Visualizing Rivalry Intensity: A Social Network Analysis of Fan Perceptions

Central to the conceptualization of rivalry is the process of social categorization and seeing the self and others as members of ingroups and outgroups. For some sport fans — especially those deemed highly identified — a favorite team becomes an extension of one’s self, and opposing teams and their fans are seen as dissimilar outgroups. Akin to other definitions, we view a rival as being a highly salient outgroup that poses an acute threat to the identity of the ingroup. To bring further clarity and consistency to the rivalry discussion, we quantify the perceived rivalries within a closed network of organizations by surveying college football fans (n=5,317) from 122 Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS, or Division I-A) teams using on an online questionnaire posted on 194 fan message boards. Through employing social network analysis (SNA), we graphically map rivalry scores in Netdraw and conduct further statistical analysis via UCINET SNA software. The network analysis results are most interesting when viewed graphically as nodes (universities) with bi-directional ties among them of various magnitude. In the study, we employ SNA measures of ego networks, centrality and power to reveal insights about the nature of rivalry.
Gα13-mediated transformation and apoptosis are permissively dependent on basal ERK activity

We previously reported that the α-subunit of heterotrimeric G13 protein induces either mitogenesis and neoplastic transformation or apoptosis in a cell-dependent manner. Here, we analyzed which sig...
Regiospecific synthesis of aromatic compounds via organometallic intermediates: I. para-substituted benzenes

Abstract Para -substituted benzene compounds, p -XC 6 H 4 X′ (X  CF 3 C(O) and X′  CH 3 , CO 2 H, C(O)CF 3 , C(O)CH 3 , C(O)H and SH) have been prepared via sequential metal-halogen exchange reactions between p -BrC 6 H 4 Br and n-C 4 H 9 Li and the appropriate electrophiles. Low reaction temperature is critical to stabilization of the various intermediates. The CF 3 group has a pronounced effect on providing stability to the lithium hemiketal intermediates.
Lack of Correlation of Eosinopenic and Adrenal Ascorbic Acid-Depleting Activities of Various Adrenocorticotropic Preparations.∗

SummaryEquivalent dose levels by weight of various ACTH preparations have been compared on the basis of their eosinopenic activity (EA) in normal and hypophysectomized rats with the adrenal ascorbic acid-depleting activity (AAA) in hypophysectomized rats. The data presented have been interpreted as indicating that: 1. No correlation exists between the EA and AAA of various ACTH fractions as tested either in normal or hypophysectomized rats. 2. EA in normal rats is not necessarily correlated with EA of the same preparations as tested in hypophysectomized rats. 3. Reduction of AAA by treatment with NaOH-heat under the conditions employed does not inactivate EA, suggesting that EA may be a separate and more stable component aLtKe ACTH preparations. Neither AAA nor EA were influenced by HCl-heat treatment in these experiments. 4. No ACTH compound has been tested which is completely free of AAA and yet exhibits EA? although the converse has been observed. 5. Some evidence suggests the presence of an eosinophil...
Promotion has a negative effect on brand evaluations—or does it? Additional disconfirming evidence.

Early research on the effect of promotion suggested that a brand using that element of the marketing mix would be evaluated lower and therefore have a reduced repurchase probability. Though that hy...
Self-recording: effects on reducing off-task behavior with a high school student with an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

The purpose was to evaluate the effects of self-recording in reducing off-task behavior with a high school student labeled as attention deficit disordered with hyperactivity (ADHD). The student emitted low rates of attending and was enrolled in a self-contained classroom for the behaviorally disordered. Off-task data were gathered in the student's special education classroom setting. An ABAB single-subject replication design was employed to evaluate effects of a self-monitoring. The results indicate an increase in off-task behavior within the classroom setting. Opinions provided by the other school staff suggested a perceived lack of generalization of treatment gains to other courses in which the student was enrolled. Ratings by a student observer indicate that the severity of disruptions declined during the self-monitoring phases. Possible reasons for this outcome are discussed. Practical implications for the use of the procedures in a secondary classroom are presented.
After the Workshop: A Case Study of Post-Workshop Implementation of Active Learning in an Electrical Engineering Course

Engineering education research has empirically validated the effectiveness of active learning over traditional instructional methods. However, the dissemination of education research into instructional practice has been slow. Faculty workshops for current and future instructors offer a solution to promote the widespread adoption of active learning in engineering classrooms. However, most of the existing research has relied on faculty self-reporting to evaluate the success of engineering faculty workshops. Researchers have noted variations in self-reporting and the actual classroom implementation. In this paper, using classroom observations, faculty interviews, student surveys, and focus groups, the authors examine an engineering instructor's postworkshop implementation of active learning in an electrical engineering course. The findings demonstrate the influence of faculty conceptions of teaching in the selection and design of activities and the subsequent impact of these design choices on student engagement. The authors report the instructor's and students' responses to the active learning exercises and present recommendations for engineering faculty development.
Recommended Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule, United States, January to June, 2004 and update on childhood immunizations.

The 2004 Recommended Childhood and Adolescent Immunization Schedule, January to June, is now available and includes updates on childhood immunizations.
Common similarity search operators

We present a simple framework for similarity search systems that enables expression of different similarity operators as a combination of aggregation and filter functions. We then describe the common aggregation functions such as weighted sum and N-Match followed by an overview of common filter functions including the threshold, top-k and skyline filters. We then illustrate how combinations of aggregation and filter functions form some of the commonly used similarity search operators.
Characteristics Relevant to the Question of Environmental Fate of Genetically Engineered INA- Deletion Mutant Strains of Pseudomonas

Advanced Genetic Sciences, Inc. has applied to the U.S Environmental Protection Agency for an Experimental Use Permit to conduct small scale field efficacy tests of genetically altered Pseudomonas syringae and P. fluorescens strains deficient in ice nucleation activity (INA-) for biological control of frost injury to strawberry blossoms. There is concern that the deliberate release of genetically engineered bacteria into the environment could result in a persistent or even massive ecological imbalance. Such a result is highly unlikely unless the altered strain exhibits aberrant characteristics of physiology, toxicity or colonization ability or novel pathogenicity. Our research has encompassed a spectrum from routine diagnostic tests to more complex assays of ecological competence that address this issue in order to assist the EPA in determining the probability of environmental risk associated with the release of INA- mutants.
Simultaneous integrated boost-intensity modulated radiation therapy for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma

The aim of this work was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of simultaneous integrated boost-intensity modulated radiation therapy (SIB-IMRT) in patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 53 patients with inoperable HCC underwent SIB-IMRT using two dose-fractionation schemes, depending on the proximity of gastrointestinal structures. The 41 patients in the low dose-fractionation (LD) group, with internal target volume (ITV) 3 toxicity. The LD group had larger sized tumors (median: 6 vs. 3.4 cm) and greater frequencies of vascular invasion (80.6 vs. 16.7 %) than patients in the HD group (p < 0.05 each). The median overall survival (OS) was 25.1 mKonzept ist machbar und sicheronths and the actuarial 2-year local progression-free survival (LPFS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and OS rates were 67.3, 14.7, and 54.7 %, respectively. The HD group tended to show better tumor response (100 vs. 62.2 %, p = 0.039) and 2-year LPFS (85.7 vs. 59 %, p = 0.119), RFS (38.1 vs. 7.3 %, p = 0.063), and OS (83.3 vs. 44.3 %, p = 0.037) rates than the LD group. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor response was significantly associated with OS. SIB-IMRT is feasible and safe for patients with inoperable HCC.
Image Analysis for Identifying Mosquito Breeding Grounds

In this paper we present a technique for identifying the presence of stagnant water bodies in images taken in various settings. Stagnant water bodies, such as puddles, can become sites for mosquitos to grow, which increases the likelihood of the spread of diseases, such as Zika [1]. We observe that existing techniques perform poorly on images of variable quality, variable backgrounds, and focus. We present a technique that is able to successfully identify puddles in these images with about 88% accuracy and over 95% recall. Our technique is robust to image focus, background, and quality, making it a good choice for datasets produced by various kinds of cameras, including those on mobile phones, thermal imagers and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
Performance Testing of Propositional Logic Inference Engines

Speed is a significant factor in the implementations of rule-based systems, and many inference engines slow dramatically as the size of the problem increases. Test sets such as Waltz and Manners me...
Review of Ligand Specificity Factors for CYP1A Subfamily Enzymes from Molecular Modeling Studies Reported to-Date

The cytochrome P450 (CYP) family 1A enzymes, CYP1A1 and CYP1A2, are two of the most important enzymes implicated in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds through oxidation. These enzymes are also known to metabolize environmental procarcinogens into carcinogenic species, leading to the advent of several types of cancer. The development of selective inhibitors for these P450 enzymes, mitigating procarcinogenic oxidative effects, has been the focus of many studies in recent years. CYP1A1 is mainly found in extrahepatic tissues while CYP1A2 is the major CYP enzyme in human liver. Many molecules have been found to be metabolized by both of these enzymes, with varying rates and/or positions of oxidation. A complete understanding of the factors that govern the specificity and potency for the two CYP 1A enzymes is critical to the development of effective inhibitors. Computational molecular modeling tools have been used by several research groups to decipher the specificity and potency factors of the CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 substrates. In this review, we perform a thorough analysis of the computational studies that are ligand-based and protein-ligand complex-based to catalog the various factors that govern the specificity/potency toward these two enzymes.
Obesity in America

Obesity was first identified as an issue of significant public policy concern in the late 1990s, after which US obesity rates continued to grow. Now, more than one-third of adult Americans are obese or extremely obese while a further one-third or more are overweight; in addition, one-third of American children are at least overweight, and about one-sixth are obese. In this chapter we document the obesity status of the nation and its genesis over the past 50 years. We review various concepts and measures of obesity, including the conventional BMI and alternatives. Then, using the BMI, we review the patterns of US obesity for adults and children over time, disaggregated spatially and among various sociodemographic groups.
Variations of c-Wave Amplitude in the Cat Eye

C-wave amplitude changes as a result of a number of experimental manipulations, and presumably is affected in disease as well. The purpose of this paper is to describe the possible mechanisms that could account for these changes. The c-wave recorded at the cornea is the sum of two components, one generated in the neural retina and the other generated in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and a change in either component will lead to a change in c-wave amplitude. Changes in the components could result from a change in the light-evoked decrease in [K+] in the subretinal space, from a change in the K+ conductance of the membrane where the component originates, or, at least for the RPE component, from a change in the resistance of other parts of the epithelium. We show that changes in resistance alone account for at least one experimentally produced change in c-wave amplitude, the c-wave increase during the light peak.
Promoting Racial and Ethnic Identity: A School-Based Intervention to Support Latino Youth.

Latinos disproportionately face societal and educational hardships. Thus, it is incumbent upon the education system to offer a method of support that remediates this inequitable reality, particular...
Social Identity and Social Descent: Some Sociological Reflections on Population Genetics

As evident from the social "links" we seem to envision between successive piano teachers, newspaper editors, submarine commanders, or college presidents, "bridges" established among different generations are quite evocative even when the "connection" between them is strictly social. They are even more sentimentally evocative, however, when such "descent" can be articulated in biological terms, especially in terms of blood. Social reproduction, in other words, is even more symbolically effective when it also involves elements of actual biological reproduction. The symbolic significance of blood as the stuff upon which we establish historical continuity is most pronouncedly evident in essentialist narratives that try to portray the contact between past and present objects as more 'real." By presenting their fellow Egyptian contemporaries' blood as the "same" blood that had once flowed in the veins of Akhenaten and Ramses, for example (see Gershoni and Jankowski 1986:165-66), nationalist Egyptian intellectuals in the 1 920s tried to portray them as the direct descendants of those ancient Pharaohs. The seemingly inevitable psychological bond between them, which was believed to transcend the actual 3,000-year historical distance separating them from those totemic ancestors, could be presented as more real because it was envisioned as almost literally located in a particular national "personality" that was genetically transmitted through that "same" blood throughout history. The biological continuity of Egypt's past and present could thus become the basis for the sociocultural continuity envisioned between them. As far as the phenomenology of such structures of ancestry and descent is concerned, their depth is quite unlimited. Unlike in other species, where
The Electronic Health Record and the Clinical Examination

This review examines how the adoption of the electronic health record (EHR) has changed the most fundamental unit of medicine: the clinical examination. The impact of the EHR on the clinical history, physical examination, documentation, and the doctor-patient relationship is described. The EHR now has a dominant role in clinical care and will be a central factor in clinical work of the future. Conversation needs to be shifted toward defining best practices with current EHRs inside and outside of the examination room.
Evaluation of Appropriate Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate Use With a Hyperkalemia Order Set: A Pilot Study.

Background:No consensus guidelines exist to assist practitioners in the management of hyperkalemia. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) is a common treatment option for hyperkalemia. To aid health-c...
Trajectories of Search

This chapter introduces a generic theory of search – optimal information foraging. Optimal information foraging characterizes a search process in an information space in terms of the perceived profitability of each potential move in the process. The forager is expected to make moves such that the overall profitability is maximized. We demonstrate how the optimal information foraging theory can be used with modeling techniques such as Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) so as to study how users explore and search in an information space.
INDUCTION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS AND INTERFERON PRODUCTION DURING INFECTION OF MICE WITH BABESIA MICROTI OF HUMAN ORIGIN

Publisher Summary This chapter examines induction of natural killer (NK) cells and interferon production during infection of mice with Babesia Microti (B. microti) of human origin. To examine the effect of B. microti infection on NK activity, in a study described in the chapter, groups of female +/+, +/bg, and bg/bg mice were infected intravenous with 108 parasites in +/+ blood. Peak induced NK cytotoxicity occurred on day 2 postinfection in each mouse strain, at levels that were comparable to those observed after inoculation of mice with NK-inducing agents such as poly I:C or VSV. Similar results were obtained when the size of the parasite inoculum was reduced. On days 4, 6, 8, and 21 postinfection, spontaneous cytotoxicity in B. microti-infected mice decreased toward or below control values. The level of NK activity of the infected bg/bg mice on days 1, 2, and 4 was approximately equal to the normal level of NK activity observed in wild-type mice. Thus, the relative increases in NK activity because of B. microti infection were similar in beige and wild-type mice, although the absolute levels of NK activity in the two mouse strains were always significantly different.
Limp Materials Research at North Carolina State University

The College of Textiles at North Carolina State University is committed to support fundamental and applied research to enhance international competitiveness of the U. S. fiber, textile, and apparel complex. Automation of apparel manufacturing is an important part of the overall research in this area. Our research programs in apparel automation have some unique characteristics, particularly in our emphasis on the need for quite sophisticated materials knowledge in the design and control of appropriate, flexible automated processes. At the same time, our research programs have benefited greatly from close interactions with the major industry-sponsored research programs in this area: those at Textile/Clothing Technology Corporation [(TC)2], The Charles Stark Draper Laboratories, and the Singer Sewing Company.
Applying Stochastic Process Model to Imputation of Censored Longitudinal Data

Longitudinal data are widely used in medicine, demography, sociology and other areas. Incomplete observations in such data often confound the results of analysis. A plethora of data imputation methods have already been proposed to alleviate this problem. The Stochastic Process Model (SPM) represents a general framework for modeling joint evolution of repeatedly measured variables and time-to-event outcome typically observed in longitudinal studies of aging, health and longevity. It is perfectly suitable for imputing missing observations in censored longitudinal data. We applied SPM to the problem of imputation of censored missing longitudinal data. This model was applied both to the Framingham Heart Study and Cardiovascular Health Study data as well as to simulated datasets. We also present an R package stpm designed for this purpose.
Application of volumetric seismic attributes for complex fault network characterization on the North Slope, Alaska

Abstract The deeper formations on the North Slope, Alaska presents a structurally complex geologic system. The complex system contains a number of reservoirs with large volume of hydrocarbons, many of which are fault-controlled. An ensemble of volumetric seismic attributes are computed on a large 3D seismic reflection survey to interpret different sedimentary horizons and investigate the structural complexity in a few key intervals, such as the Kekiktuk, Shublik, and Kuparuk formations. Second-order (curvature) and third-order (aberrancy) derivatives at long and short wavelengths are extracted on each of the intervals to better understand the faulting styles, geometries, and infer the multi-phase deformation history. The results from the most-positive and most-negative curvature attributes show that there are at least two types of faults in the study area, which includes WNW-trending faults and N-S and E-W oriented extensional faults. It is inferred that the WNW-oriented faults are controlled by the pre-existing basement structures, the influence of which decreases in the upsection. The extensional faults display single-tip and double-tip abutting relations with the pre-existing WNW-trending faults. The deepest Kekiktuk horizon shows the presence of mostly WNW-oriented faults, whereas the shallower Shublik and Kuparuk formations are pervasively faulted, containing both WNW and N/NNE oriented faults.
Designing a waveguide to transmit sound to a dolphin in a functional magnetic response imaging machine

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) offers great opportunities to learn how a dolphin’s brain processes acoustic echolocation and communication signals. Delivering sound to an animal in a fMRI requires a sound delivery system with no ferrous metal. This talk proposes an approach that generates sound far from the fMRI magnet and then conducts the sound through a waveguide to the dolphin roughly 10 m away. The waveguide functions at two frequency ranges are 80 kHz for echolocation signals and 10 kHz to 20 kHz for communication signals. This approach has two challenges: will there be enough energy for the dolphin to hear the acoustic signals and will the received signal be distorted? The waveguide loses energy due to the radiation impedance around the hydrophone, absorption and friction, and the impedance mismatch between the waveguide and the dolphin. Filling the waveguide with water limits the transmission loss through the waveguide. The waveguide radius will be chosen to limit the number of trapped modes, minimizing distortion due to dispersion.
Is Seeing believing?:On the Content Validity of Video Recordings for Use in Criminological Research

Video recordings of police-citizen interactions are becoming increasingly commonplace and accessible to the public. The ability of these recordings to expose multiple individuals to a single encoun...
Substituent Effects on Photochemistry of Anthracene–Phenol–Pyridine Triads Revealed by Multireference Calculations

Inverted region behavior for concerted proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) was recently demonstrated for biomimetic anthracene-phenol-pyridine molecular triads. Photoexcitation of the anthracene to a locally excited state (LES) is followed by concerted electron transfer from the phenol to the anthracene and proton transfer from the phenol to the pyridine, forming a relatively long-lived charge separated state (CSS). The long-lived CSS and the inverted region behavior associated with the decay from the CSS to the ground state through charge recombination were experimentally observed only for triads with certain substituents on the anthracene and the pyridine. To explain this distinction, we computed the proton potential energy curves in four substituted triads using the complete active space self-consistent-field method and multireference perturbation theory, including solvent effects with a dielectric continuum model. The calculations revealed a local electron-proton transfer (LEPT) state, in which both the electron and proton transfer from the phenol to the pyridine. When the LEPT state is lower in energy than the CSS, it may provide an alternative pathway for fast decay from the LES to the ground state and thereby preclude detection of the CSS and the inverted region behavior. These calculations predict that substituents stabilizing negative charge on the pyridine and destabilizing negative charge on the anthracene will favor the LEPT pathway, while substituents with the reverse effects will favor the CSS pathway, which could exhibit inverted region behavior. These insights about the stabilization of energy-storing charge-separated states have implications for designing and controlling PCET reactions in artificial photosynthetic systems and other energy conversion processes.
The Roles of Indian Hedgehog Signaling in TMJ Formation

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an intricate structure composed of the mandibular condyle, articular disc, and glenoid fossa in the temporal bone. Apical condylar cartilage is classified as a secondary cartilage, is fibrocartilaginous in nature, and is structurally distinct from growth plate and articular cartilage in long bones. Condylar cartilage is organized in distinct cellular layers that include a superficial layer that produces lubricants, a polymorphic/progenitor layer that contains stem/progenitor cells, and underlying layers of flattened and hypertrophic chondrocytes. Uniquely, progenitor cells reside near the articular surface, proliferate, undergo chondrogenesis, and mature into hypertrophic chondrocytes. During the past decades, there has been a growing interest in the molecular mechanisms by which the TMJ develops and acquires its unique structural and functional features. Indian hedgehog (Ihh), which regulates skeletal development including synovial joint formation, also plays pivotal roles in TMJ development and postnatal maintenance. This review provides a description of the many important recent advances in Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in TMJ biology. These include studies that used conventional approaches and those that analyzed the phenotype of tissue-specific mouse mutants lacking Ihh or associated molecules. The recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanism regulating TMJ development are impressive and these findings will have major implications for future translational medicine tools to repair and regenerate TMJ congenital anomalies and acquired diseases, such as degenerative damage in TMJ osteoarthritic conditions.
Pre-Transplant Baseline Platelet Count and the Number of Peri-HSCT Transfusions Are Associated with an Increased Disease-Free Mortality Rate in a Large Pediatric Cohort

Introduction Platelets play a key role in the innate immune system as a source of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Lower platelet counts are associated with higher mortality in hospitalized adults with a variety of diseases, and platelet count Objective We hypothesized that platelet count prior to initiation of conditioning influences post-transplant outcomes, in part by increasing the need for platelet transfusions. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 388 patients undergoing first allogeneic HSCT at Cincinnati Children's. The last non-transfused platelet count at the time of admission for HSCT or start of conditioning regimen was considered the baseline platelet count (BPC). Patients transplanted for bone marrow failure syndromes were excluded due to underlying cytopenias. Results 35.8% of the cohort was transplanted for malignancy, 45.3% immunodeficiency, 11.6% hemoglobinopathies, and 6.7% genetic conditions. 114/388 patients in the cohort died (29%). Leading cause of death was acute graft-vs-host disease (aGVHD) followed by organ failure, primary disease, infection, and chronic GVHD (Fig 1a). BPC was significantly lower in deceased patients with no difference seen in baseline hemoglobin (Fig 1b). BPC correlated with the number of platelet transfusion by day +14 after HSCT, with a correlation coefficient of -0.49 (p 135 K/uL). Lower BPC and the number of platelet transfusions were still associated with the risk for OS and NRM (Fig 3) Conclusion In a large cohort, lower BPC but not baseline hemoglobin or ANC are associated with more platelet transfusions and increased risk for NRM and worse OS. While platelet transfusions have previously been implicated in endothelial damage, this effect is independent of TMA risk. BPC is associated with the risk for GVHD, which is the leading cause of death in the cohort, although this appears independent of transfusion burden. Mechanistic studies are ongoing but these data suggest the need for thoughtful consideration of prophylactic platelet transfusion thresholds.
How Far is Too Far? Parenting Behaviors in Youth Sports

Literature is reviewed on parent-child relationships related to youth sports, both positive and negative effects are discussed. Family systems theory is presented as a guide to understanding the re...
Multiscale Phase Retrieval

While characterization of coherent wavefields is essential to laser, x-ray and electron imaging, sensors measure the squared magnitude of the field, rather than the field itself. Holography or phase retrieval must be used to characterize the field. The need for a reference severely restricts the utility of holography. Phase retrieval, in contrast, is theoretically consistent with sensors that directly measure coherent or partially coherent fields with no prior assumptions. Unfortunately, phase retrieval has not yet been successfully implemented for large-scale fields. Here we show that both holography and phase retrieval are capable of quantum-limited coherent signal estimation and we describe phase retrieval strategies that approach the quantum limit for >1 megapixel fields. These strategies rely on group testing using networks of interferometers, such as might be constructed using emerging integrated photonic, plasmonic and/or metamaterial devices. Phase-sensitive sensor planes using such devices could eliminate the need both for lenses and reference signals, creating a path to large aperture diffraction limited laser imaging.
Fibonacci’s Bunny-pocalypse!

1 A 1 pair 2 of small 3 cute bunnies, 5 quickly overwhelm 8 when reproducing in a field. 13 Monthly, each pair births anew: two generations summed. 21 Before you know, bunnies grow, taking field th...
Definitions of (super) angular momentum in asymptotically flat spacetimes: Properties and applications to compact-binary mergers

The symmetries of asymptotically flat spacetimes in general relativity are given by the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) group, though there are proposed generalizations of its symmetry algebra. Associated with each symmetry is a charge and a flux, and the values of these charges and their changes can characterize a spacetime. The charges of the BMS group are relativistic angular momentum and supermomentum (which includes 4-momentum); the extensions of the BMS algebra also include generalizations of angular momentum called "super angular momentum." Several different formalisms have been used to define angular momentum, and they produce nonequivalent expressions for the charge. It was shown recently that these definitions can be summarized in a two-parameter family of angular momenta, which we investigate in this paper. We find that requiring that the angular momentum vanishes in flat spacetime restricts the two parameters to be equal. If we do not require that the angular momentum agrees with a Hamiltonian definition, then there is no clear reason to fix the remaining free parameter to a particular value. We then also propose a similar two-parameter family of super angular momentum. We examine the effect of the free parameters on the values of the angular momentum and super angular momentum from nonprecessing binary-black-hole mergers. The definitions of angular momentum differ at a high post-Newtonian order for these systems, but only when the system is radiating gravitational waves (not before and after). The different super-angular-momentum definitions occur at lower orders, and there is a difference in the change of super angular momentum even after the gravitational waves pass, which arises because of the gravitational-wave memory effect. We estimate the size of these effects using numerical-relativity surrogate waveforms and find they are small but resolvable.
A qualitative evaluation of a nurse-led pre-operative stoma education program for bladder cancer patients.

Radical cystectomy remains the standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Postoperative ostomy education is common, but patients struggle to maintain self-management practices. A preoperative ostomy education program was developed to meet this need, and we conducted a qualitative study with participating patient-caregiver dyads to evaluate the educational and psychosocial impacts of the program and examine alignment with program objectives. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted utilizing a thematic analysis approach. Sixteen patients, eighteen caregivers, and three program educators completed semi-structured interviews from 3 to 18 months post the program. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Thirteen end-of-course surveys from the initial educational program cohort were transcribed, coded, analyzed; this data was triangulated with patient, caregiver, and educator interviews. Analysis uncovered three themes: (1) Patient and caregiver motivation to attend the program, (2) attitudes toward this life-changing event, and (3) education. For theme 1, patients and caregivers cited lack of knowledge, fear, and concern about ostomy surgery and care as motivation. For theme 2, there were a variety of attitudes toward the ostomy, ranging from avoidance to acceptance, and a similar breadth of attitudes toward caregiving, with some patients and caregivers describing ongoing dependence and other patients seeking complete independence. For theme 3, the interactive curriculum was determined to be effective, and the patient advocate was cited as the most memorable program component. A formal preoperative ostomy education program employing an interactive educational approach and featuring a patient advocate can prepare bladder cancer patients and caregivers for ostomy self-management and post-ostomy life.
Rate My Professors: A Study Of Bias and Inaccuracies In Anonymous Self-Reporting

Commentary-driven and opinion-driven “ratings” websites such as Yelp, Amazon Reviews, and Rate My Professors are ubiquitous on the Web. These review sites engage in voluntary self-reporting which is well known to be fraught with bias and inaccurate representations. This study is an investigation into the website known as Rate My Professors which ostensibly seeks to collect and report on college and university professor quality. Rate My Professors (RMP), like many review sites, is anonymous. While it is commonly believed that anonymity increases accuracy, studies have shown otherwise. Studies using anonymous self-reporting are well known to be unreliable, so much so that researchers are required to take compensatory measures to validate their results. Rate My Professors takes no such measures, and in fact there is no guarantee that a “student reviewer” is even a student. This study investigates Rate My Professors for bias, inaccuracy, and invalid data. The study will show compelling evidence which supports the idea that anonymous self-reporting, without compensatory validation measures, is flawed and unsuitable for use in a decision making process.
Staatsmacht und geschäftliches Scheitern: Der Bankrott der Handelsgesellschaft Ambrosius und Hans, Gebrüder Höchstetter, und Mitverwandte im Jahr 1529

The notorious collapse of the firm Ambrosius Hochstetter und Mitverwandte is one of the first and best documented cases of bankruptcy in early modern European history. The spectacular ambitions that led to it – the attempt to create a cartel in mercury production and sale – and the no less spectacular ruin that resulted from it – the flight or arrest of the principals, one of whom died in prison – make for a tale of intrigue that reaches from the smelting works of Tyrol through the counting houses of Augsburg to the archducal treasury in Innsbruck. The Hochstetter bankruptcy reveals the inner practices and structures of early modern capitalism, the often tense relationships between capitalist financiers, the hierarchical societies they were part of, and the connections between private enterprises and public finance. After a brief narrative of the Hochstetters’ rise and fall, during the course of the late fifteenth and early sixteenth century, the article addresses capitalist practices with specific regard to the mercury cartel. Because the Habsburgs were leading figures in plans to create a mercury cartel, their attitudes toward it provide a bridge into the final theme, the connections between private enterprise and public finance. The Hochstetter bankruptcy set the parameters for the many proceedings that followed in southern Germany during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Its study is an essential point of departure for any larger consideration of bankruptcies in the economic or political history of the Holy Roman Empire.