cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Current status of DT targets for cancer therapy

The current status of DT targets for cancer therapy is reviewed with regard to beam composition and energy as well as target configuration, lifetime, and neutron output. The advantages and shortcomings of the various target designs are discussed. It is concluded that several approaches can provide the necessary dose rate and target lifetime for clinical therapy purposes.
Effect of condensed corn distillers solubles concentration on lactation performance of Holstein cows.

Abstract Forty-eight Holstein cows (32 multiparous and 16 primiparous) in mid to late lactation averaging 219 ± 71 days in milk and 30.5 ± 6.6 kg/d of 3.5% fat-corrected milk were used in a 56-d completely randomized design experiment to evaluate condensed corn distillers solubles (CCDS) inclusion in high-fiber total mixed rations (TMR). Inclusion rates evaluated were 0, 6.6, 13.2, and 19.8% CCDS as a percentage of dry matter (DM). Distiller solubles substituted for soybean meal, corn grain, and whole cottonseed such that diets were similar in protein (16.6%) and fat (4.50%). Water was added to 0, 6.6, and 13.2% CCDS treatments so that final TMR DM concentrations (47.8%) were similar across diets. The forage portion of the diet was kept constant at 19.6% annual ryegrass hay and 26.0% sorghum baleage. Diet in vitro true digestibility tended to increase as CCDS addition increased, but neutral detergent fiber digestibility trended lower in CCDS diets. Percent P (0.39, 0.55, 0.69, and 0.73%) and S (0.32, 0.35, 0.39, and 0.42%) in TMR increased as CCDS concentration increased. Milk yield (23.5, 24.7, 25.5, and 24.8 kg/d of 3.5% fat-corrected milk) was similar for control and CCDS diets. Milk fat (3.88, 3.73, 3.78, and 3.68%), protein (3.28, 3.27, 3.31, and 3.31%), and lactose (4.61, 4.66, 4.69, and 4.77) percentages were similar across diets. Milk urea nitrogen (16.60, 15.58, 15.43, and 14.75 mg/dL) declined with increasing CCDS addition. Animal activity, body weight, body condition scores, and locomotion scores were not influenced by CCDS. Day 28 poststudy locomotion scores were similar across diets. Ruminal acetate concentrations did not differ among diets, but propionate and butyrate concentrations were elevated in rumen fluid of cows receiving 19.6% CCDS. Although rumen fluid pH values were similar (6.5, 6.4, 6.3, and 6.2), the two highest CCDS diets exhibited depressed acetate:propionate ratios relative to controls. The results from this study indicate that CCDS may be included in high-fiber TMR for lactating dairy cows at up to nearly 20% of diet DM; however, caution is recommended because high CCDS P concentrations may create Ca:P imbalances and excess P may be introduced into the environment.
HDR geothermal exploration

Hot dry rock (HDR) is defined as that part of a geothermal anomaly where the fluids needed for production of steam or hot water are lacking. Most of the world's geothermal resource is not present in the form of natural hydrothermal systems but as HDR. Development of this resource through the use of manmade geothermal systems is in progress in several countries. The largest of these experiments, the Fenton Hill HDR geothermal project, is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy and the governments of West Germany and Japan. This project is located a short distance west of the rim of the Valles Caldera in the Jemez Mountains of New Mexico. As the Fenton Hill experiments progressed, it became evident that the location and extent of the HDR geothermal resource in other areas should be evaluated and that potential HDR drilling sites be located as part of a comprehensive program needed to encourage its development. Because the HDR resource lacks the sharp physical and chemical contrasts produced by natural fluids, it presents different exploration problems from those of conventional hydrothermal exploration. The purpose of a workshop, held in Los Alamos, New Mexico, June 21–23, 1982, was to review geological, geochemical, and geophysical exploration methods currently used for HDR recognition and resource evaluation and to evaluate new ideas for HDR exploration.
Innovation and competition in standard-based industries: a historical analysis of the US home video game market

This paper examines the competitive dynamics in a standard-based industry through a historical observation of the US home video game industry. The paper focuses on the theoretical issues of switching costs, installed base and complementary goods as critical factors of dominant designs and firm success in a network-based industry. The authors' analysis reveals multiple stages of technological innovations and changes of market leadership and industry standards during a relatively short history of the industry. The industry exhibits six generations of technological changes in video game consoles and complementary products, with each generation represented by a new set of competitors, dominant designs, and market leaders out-competing the leaders of the prior generation. Their analysis confirms the efficacy of traditional tenets of successful strategic management in a network-based industry, such as the importance of technological innovation, building entry barriers, protecting firm-specific assets, competitive pricing, brand recognition and effective channel management. These traditional strategies, however, should be geared to achieve new strategic goals, such as building installed base and a network of complementary products, that are critical success factors in competing in a network-based industry.
When More Power Makes Actors Worse Off: Turning a Profit in the American Economy

We propose a theory which predicts that an increase in an actor’s relative power reduces the actor’s rewards in high mutual dependence dyads. Our argument is based on the premise that higher relative power gives the more powerful actor a greater share of surplus, but it also reduces dyadic exchange frequency, which lowers the expected magnitude of that surplus. As mutual dependence increases, fairness issues associated with power imbalances reduce exchange frequency and expected surplus at an increasingly higher rate. Thus, at a certain level of mutual dependence, the more powerful actor obtains a greater share of a much smaller exchange surplus leading him or her to be worse off than he would be in an equal-power dyad. We support this prediction with data on profi t rates in American industries from 1977 through 1992.
Applying the rasch rating scale model to gain insights into students' conceptualisation of quality mathematics instruction

Teacher quality has become a national policy concern in the US, especially in mathematics. This study provides insights into the conceptualisation of high quality mathematics teaching from the perspective of approximately 750 students in grades nine through twelve. Results from Rasch analysis yield information about the quality of the Mathematics Quality Survey constructed for this study and the hierarchy of items representing varying levels of quality as perceived by the students. Group interviews with teachers and open-ended responses from students are used to support the findings. This study lays the groundwork for understanding the difference between being qualified and being a quality teacher.
The Contribution of Professor Salo W. Baron to the Study of Ancient Jewish History: His Appraisal of Anti-Judaism and Proselytism

A few years ago, a committee, of which I was a member, was asked to select, for a prize awarded by Moment magazine, the greatest living man and woman scholars in the field of Jewish studies. There was immediate consensus as to the former: who else but Professor Salo W. Baron? It is indicative of his almost legendary range of knowledge, of both primary and secondary sources, in the dozen or more languages in which he was fluent, of the general literature in the fields of the humanities and the social sciences, and of his prodigious productivity that a question frequently asked about him was whether he had assistants in the composition of his numerous works. The answer to that question was a resounding no! His only assistant was his late wife. His unflagging industry was matched only by the independence of his critical judgment.
Enjoyment of exercise moderates the impact of a school-based physical activity intervention.

A school-based physical activity intervention designed to encourage adolescent girls to be more active was more effective for some participants than for others. We examined whether baseline enjoyment of exercise moderated response to the intervention. Adolescent girls with a low level of baseline activity who participated in a controlled trial of an intervention to promote increased physical activity participation (n = 122) self-reported their enjoyment of exercise and physical activity participation at baseline, mid-way through the intervention, and at the end of the 9-month intervention period. At all three time points, participants also underwent assessments of cardiovascular fitness (VO2peak) and body composition (percent body fat). Repeated measures analysis of variance examined the relationship of baseline enjoyment to change in physical activity, cardiovascular fitness, body composition and enjoyment of exercise. A significant three-way interaction between time, baseline enjoyment, and group assignment (p < .01) showed that baseline enjoyment moderated the effect of the intervention on vigorous activity. Within the intervention group, girls with low enjoyment of exercise at baseline increased vigorous activity from pre-to post-intervention, and girls with high baseline enjoyment of exercise showed no pre-post change in vigorous activity. No differences emerged in the comparison group between low-and high-enjoyment girls. Adolescent girls responded differently to a physical activity promotion intervention depending on their baseline levels of exercise enjoyment. Girls with low enjoyment of exercise may benefit most from a physical-education based intervention to increase physical activity that targets identified barriers to physical activity among low-active adolescent girls.
Molecular responses to hyperoxia in vivo: relationship to increased tolerance in aged rats.

In this study, we have used the rat model of hyperoxia to examine the molecular responses to oxidative stress in lung. We show that in addition to the antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase, expression of a variety of stress-responsive genes including heme oxygenase-1, c-fos, c-jun, CAAT-enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)-beta, and C/EBP-delta were increased after hyperoxia. Increased c-fos, c-jun, C/EBP-beta, and C/EBP-delta mRNA expression was correlated with increased DNA binding activity of the transcription factor complexes activator protein 1 and C/EBP in tissue lysates. Because oxidative damage plays an important role in the aging process and little is known about the susceptibility of aged rats to hyperoxia, we also examined the relative tolerance of old rats to hyperoxia. Surprisingly, we observed that aged rats exhibit greater tolerance to hyperoxic stress than young rats. Old rats exhibited decreased arterial oxygen tension when compared to young rats after hyperoxia exposure. This inc...
A tangled threesome: adiponectin, insulin sensitivity, and adiposity: can Mendelian randomization sort out causality?

The discovery nearly two decades ago that the adipocyte is more than a passive storehouse for lipids, that it is also an active secretory unit for peptides capable of system-wide regulation of energy metabolism, ushered in an exciting era of investigation into these newfound adipose-derived hormones (1). One intriguing object of these efforts has been the 244–amino acid protein adiponectin (2). Alone among major adipokines, adiponectin exhibits decreased rather than increased production with fat-mass expansion. Adiponectin is also the most abundantly secreted of all adipose-tissue peptides, and circulating levels correlate negatively with insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, and inflammation (3). Such features have heightened interest in this molecule as a potential therapeutic target against the modern scourges of obesity and obesity-related disorders (2,3). That adiponectin has insulin-sensitizing effects in mice is now well established (2). Available experimental data are most compelling for adiponectin’s actions on the liver, where it promotes fatty acid oxidation and suppresses gluconeogenesis, and on adipocytes, where it inhibits lipolysis (3). In addition, adiponectin has direct anti-inflammatory properties (1), further enabling salutary fat-mass expansion, which is deemed pivotal to its insulin-sensitizing effects (3). Consistent with data in mice, prospective epidemiological studies have shown higher circulating adiponectin to be associated with lower risk of diabetes (4,5). Yet such observational data, susceptible as it is to confounding and reverse causation, cannot determine causality (6). In fact, observations from naturally occurring disorders of insulin action or from exogenous administration of insulin in humans have been cited to support the proposition that the direction of the association may be the reverse of that supposed (7). According to this hypothesis, the inverse association between adiponectin and IR may in fact reflect suppression of adiponectin production by hyperinsulinemia acting through spared, as yet undefined, signaling pathways (7). Hence, …
Species discrimination of fish using frequency-dependent acoustic backscatter

The difference between mean volume-backscattering strength at 120 and 38 kHz (ΔMVBS) has been used to discriminate acoustically between macrozooplankton species, and between macrozooplankton and fish or small zooplankton. We examined whether ΔMVBS could be used to discriminate between juvenile pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and capelin (Mallotus villosus). Acoustic data at 38 and 120 kHz were collected in the Gulf of Alaska during August 2000 and 2001. We selected scattering layers of juvenile pollock and capelin that were sampled directly by midwater trawls. Although we found statistically significant differences at minimum integration thresholds ranging from −85 dB to −69 dB, the greatest difference between ΔMVBS of juvenile pollock and capelin was observed at the highest integration threshold (−69 dB). We also found that, although there was substantial overlap between the frequency distributions of juvenile pollock and capelin ΔMVBS at the smallest scale of analysis (0.1 nautical mile × 5 m cells), there was virtually no overlap between the ΔMVBS distributions at the largest scale (∼1 nautical mile × 20 m aggregations). We conclude that acoustic differencing at the scale of fish aggregations and at high integration thresholds can be used to distinguish between juvenile pollock and capelin.
Biological Soil Crust Response to Late Season Prescribed Fire in a Great Basin Juniper Woodland

Expansion of juniper on U.S. rangelands is a significant environmental concern. Prescribed fire is often recommended to control juniper. To that end, a prescribed burn was conducted in a Great Basin juniper woodland. Conditions were suboptimal; fire did not encroach into mid- or late-seral stages and was patchy in the early-seral stage. This study evaluated the effects of the burn on biological soil crusts of early-seral juniper. Fire reduced moss cover under sagebrush and in shrub interspaces. Mosses were rare under juniper; their cover was unaffected there. Lichens were uncommon under juniper and sagebrush and therefore not significantly impacted there. Their cover was greater in shrub interspaces, but because the fire was spotty and of low intensity, the effects of burning were minimal. Compared with unburned plots, the biomass of cyanobacteria was diminished under juniper and sagebrush; it was reduced in the interspaces in both burned and unburned plots, presumably in response to generally harsher conditions in the postburn environment. Nitrogen fixation rates declined over time in juniper plots and interspaces but not in sagebrush plots. Although fire negatively affected some biological soil crust organisms in some parts of the early-seral juniper woodland, the overall impact on the crusts was minimal. If the intent of burning is to reduce juniper, burning of early-seral juniper woodland is appropriate, as most affected trees were killed. Control of sagebrush can likewise be accomplished by low-intensity, cool season fires without eliminating the crust component. Intense fire should be avoided due to the potential for greater encroachment into the shrub interspaces, which contain the majority of biological soil crust organisms. Burning early-seral juniper may be preferred for controlling juniper encroachment on rangeland.
Estimating Surface Damage of Composite Panels with Inverse Analysis

When composite structures are exposed to harsh environmental conditions or impacted by foreign objects, their surfaces may degrade or damage. Damage evaluations of composite panels often demand expensive tools and time-consuming processes. The aim of this work is to introduce a versatile inverse analysis based method that requires less measurement efforts than those of conventional techniques. In this procedure, first, strains are measured on a surface opposite to damaged surface. Then, general functions relating damage conditions to strain fields are established. These functions reduce computational efforts required during the damage identification. With the measured strains and functions, an error objective function is minimized via iterations to estimate the damage extent. To verify the effectiveness of this proposed procedure, a detailed simulation study is performed with cross-ply composite laminates possessing various damage. The results show excellent matches between the estimated damage fields and...
A constrained least squares method for estimating the effects of an unknown monotonically intervening factor

A constrained least squares method is developed for the estimation of the effects of an unknown intervening causal factor in regression analysis, when the unknown factor shifts the regression hyperplane monotonically upwards (downwards) over time. As an illustration, we estimate the price elasticity of cigarettes in the USA and the systematic shifts of the demand curve for cigarettes during the time period 1964-86 (these shifts presumably reflecting the heightened awareness of the general public of the potential dangers of smoking).
Evidence from mosquitoes suggests that cyclic gas exchange and discontinuous gas exchange are two manifestations of a single respiratory pattern

In this paper we demonstrate that the apparent pattern of gas exchange in insects, as observed using flow-through respirometry, is strongly affected by the rate of flow of air through the system. This is true not only because of the time constant of the respiratory chamber in which the insect resides, but also due to the effect of flow rate on the residence time of air as it passes through the detection chamber in the gas analyzer. It is demonstrated that insects respiring with a discontinuous gas exchange pattern can appear to be using a cyclic respiratory pattern. The effects of flow rate on the respiratory pattern discerned are illustrated using the mosquito Culiseta inornata. It is demonstrated that these mosquitoes respire discontinuously. They are among the smallest insects to date in which the discontinuous gas exchange cycle has been observed.
Single- and multiple-dose kinetics of intravenous digoxin.

Nine healthy men received 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg digoxin intravenously in random sequence on occasions separated by at least 4 wk. Digoxin concentrations were measured in serum samples drawn during 36 hr after each dose, and a mean across-dose kinetic profile was determined for each subject. After a 6-mo washout period, the same subjects received 0.25 mg digoxin intravenously every 24 hr for 10 consecutive days. Samples were drawn every 12 hr during the first 9 days and at multiple points during 72 hr after the last dose. Mean kinetic variables for the single- and multiple-dose trials were as follows: elimination half-life (t½), 27.9 and 38.0 hr (r = 0.62); volume of distribution, 5.5 and 7.4 l/kg (r = −0.56); total clearance, 2.50 and 2.49 ml/min/kg (r = 0.19); urinary excretion t½, 40.9 and 37.9 hr (r = −0.14). Mean observed and predicted predose steady-state serum concentrations were 0.59 and 0.79 ng/ml (r = −0.02). Mean values of accumulation and elimination t½ were nearly identical (27.8 and 27.9 hr), but were not positively correlated (r = −0.64). Multiple-dose digoxin therapy leads to no systematic change in digoxin clearance. Single-dose kinetics is poorly predictive of the rate and extent of drug accumulation and of washout kinetics during and after multiple-dose therapy. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1980) 28, 340–345; doi:10.1038/clpt.1980.171
Mos10 (Vps60) is required for normal filament maturation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Summary Early pseudohyphal growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is well described, and is known to be subject to a complex web of developmental regulation. In maturing filaments, young cells differ significantly from their pseudohyphal progenitors, in their shape, and in their timing and direction of cell division. The changes that occur during filament maturation result in round and oval cells surrounding and covering the pseudohyphal filament. In a screen for mutants that affect this process, a vacuolar protein sorting gene, MOS10 (VPS60), and a gene encoding an α subunit of the proteasome core, PRE9, were isolated. Characterization of the mos10/mos10 phenotype showed that the process of filament maturation is regulated differently from early filamentous growth, and that the requirement for Mos10 is limited to the maturation stage of pseudohyphal development. The mos10/mos10 phenotype is unlikely to be an unspecific effect of disruption of endocytosis or vacuolar protein sorting, because it is not recapitulated by mutants in other genes required for these processes. Disruption of homologues of MOS10, which act as components of the ESCRT-III complex in targeting proteins for vacuolar degradation, results in abnormal early pseudohyphal growth, not in the filament maturation defect seen in mos10/mos10. Thus, Mos10 may function in targeting of specific cargo proteins for degradation, under conditions particular to maturing filaments.
Rapid sea-level fall and deep-ocean temperature change since the last interglacial period

We have dated Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea and Barbados corals that formed at times since the Last Interglacial Period, applying both 230 Th and 231 Pa dating techniques as a test of age accuracy. We show that Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e ended prior to 113.1 8 0.7 kyr, when sea level was 319 m. During MIS 5b sea level was 357 m at 92.6 8 0.5 kyr, having dropped about 40 m in approximately 10 kyr during the MIS 5c^5b transition. Sea level then rose more than 40 m during the MIS 5b^5a transition, also in about 10 kyr. MIS 5a lasted until at least 76.2 8 0.4 kyr, at a level of 324 m at that time. Combined with earlier data that places MIS 4 sea level at 381 m at 70.8 kyr, our late MIS 5a data indicate that sea level fell almost 60 m in less than 6 kyr (10.6 m/kyr) during the MIS 5^4 transition. The magnitude of the drop is half that of the glacial^interglacial amplitude and approximatelyequivalent to the volume of the present-dayAntarctic Ice Sheet. During this interval the minimum average rate of net continental ice accumulation was 18 cm/yr, likely facilitated by efficient moisture transport from lower latitudes. At three specific times (60.6 8 0.3, 50.8 8 0.3, and 36.8+0.2 kyr) during MIS 3, sea level was between 385 and 374 m. Sea level then dropped to 3107 m at 23.7 8 0.1 kyr early in MIS 2, before dropping further to Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) values and then rising to present values during the last deglaciation. Times of rapid sea-level drop correspond to times of high winter insolation at low northern latitudes and high winter latitudinal gradients in northern hemisphere insolation, supporting the idea that these factors mayhave resulted in high water-vapor pressure in moisture sources and efficient moisture transport to high-latitude glaciers, therebycontributing to glacial buildup. We combined our sea-level results with deep-sea N 18 O records as a means of estimating the temperature and ice-volume components in the marine N 18 O record. This analysis confirms large deep-ocean temperature shifts following MIS 5e and during Termination I. Deep-ocean temperatures changed bymuch smaller amounts between MIS 5c and 2. Maximum temperature shift in the deep Pacific is about 2‡, whereas the shift at a site in the Atlantic is 4‡. Under glacial conditions temperatures at both sites are near the freezing point. The shift in the Atlantic is likelycaused bya combination of changing proportions of northern and southern source waters as well as changing temperature at the sites where these deep waters form.
Carboxyhemoglobin Levels as a Predictor of Mortality in Acute Respiratory Failure

The purpose of this study was to determine if endogenous levels of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) are elevated in patients intubated for respiratory failure, and, if so, whether these levels are predictive of in-hospital mortality, as was suggested previously. An arterial blood gas was drawn within 24 hours of admission and no sooner than 6 hours after intubation, in patients admitted to our respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) or medical intensive care unit (MICU) for respiratory failure. An IL682 co-oximeter was used to measure COHb levels. Apache II severity scoring was completed upon admission to the hospital. Patients were then followed prospectively until either end point of death or extubation and discharge were reached. Both smokers and nonsmokers were included in the study. Of the 13 patients in the study, there were 4 survivors to extubation and discharge home and 9 deaths. None of the patients had elevated COHb levels. The average level of COHb was less in the nonsurvivors (1.29%) than in the survivors (1.85%, NS). A statistically significant correlation was not noted between COHb level and either Apache II score or outcome. Apache II levels correlated well with outcome. There was a 100% mortality rate in all patients with scores ≥15. In patients intubated for respiratory failure and protected from environmental sources of CO, endogenous production of CO is not elevated. COHb levels therefore have no prognostic value in patients with RF.
The Crystal Structure and Polarity of Beryllium Oxide

New x‐ray intensity data from synthetic beryllium oxide crystals have verified the distorted wurtzite‐type structure previously reported by Jeffrey, Parry, and Mozzi. The oxygen z parameter obtained from the refinement is compared to 0.375 for the undistorted structure. The resulting structure has a bond distance of parallel to the c‐axis and three distances of completing the tetrahedral coordination. The difference of 0.014Aa appears statistically significant and indicates that the long bond has slightly more ionic character than the other three. Measurement of the signs of the piezoelectric and pyroelectric charge and the shape and rate of etch pit formation were correlated with the internal crystal structure to identify the crystallographic polarity. On crystals showing a hemimorphic habit, consisting principally of a hemipyramid, a prism and a dominant pedion, the dominant pedion has been shown to be terminated by oxygen atoms. In oxidizing etching media the surfaces are much more reactive than the {00.1} surfaces. The differences in surface reactivity are consistent with a modified version of the Warekois‐Gatos hybrid orbital bonding model for and compounds. A discussion is presented relating the crystalline structure of beryllium oxide to its mechanical properties and mechanism of crystal growth.
Combined mirror visual and auditory feedback therapy for upper limb phantom pain: a case report

Phantom limb sensation and phantom limb pain is a very common issue after amputations. In recent years there has been accumulating data implicating 'mirror visual feedback' or 'mirror therapy' as helpful in the treatment of phantom limb sensation and phantom limb pain. We present the case of a 24-year-old Caucasian man, a left upper limb amputee, treated with mirror visual feedback combined with auditory feedback with improved pain relief. This case may suggest that auditory feedback might enhance the effectiveness of mirror visual feedback and serve as a valuable addition to the complex multi-sensory processing of body perception in patients who are amputees.
Papillary carcinoma of rete testis

A case of a rare papillary adenocarcinoma of the rete testis (epididymis) with a solitary metastasis to a periaortic lymph node is reported. The favorable outcome over a three and one-third-year period after radical orchiectomy and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy has been observed. We believe this is the first report of such a tumor being treated with lymphadenectomy.
The Generalized Scattering Matrix Approach: An Efficient Technique for Modeling Quantum Transport in Relatively Large and Heavily Doped Structures

Over the past few years, a number of theoretical techniques have appeared in the literature for simulating phase-coherent electron transport through disordered meso-scopic structures. Notable among these are the Green’s function methods [1] and transfer matrix approaches [2]. In this paper, we discuss an alternate technique the generalized scattering matrix approach — which is ideal for studying transport through relatively large and heavily doped structures. Unlike the Green’s function method which has a computational cost proportional to (NL)4 and a storage requirement proportional to (NL)2 (N is the number of dopants or scattering centers in the structure and L is the structure’s length), the scattering matrix technique has a computational cost proportional to (NL)3 and a storage requirement proportional to (NL) [3]. The reduced storage requirement is a highly desirable feature in a supercomputing environment since it decreases the number of small page faults and input/output operations which then reduces the real time of computation1. Consequently, the scattering matrix technique is optimal for treating those problems that require simulating transport in relatively large and heavily doped structures.
IMPROVEMENT IN ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION AFTER NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR GENE THERAPY IN DIABETIC RATS

ABSTRACT Purpose: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common but difficult to treat complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). We have previously reported herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector mediated delivery of nerve growth factor into the bladder to treat diabetic cystopathy and neurotrophin-3 (NT3) gene transfer for pyridoxine treatment. Nerve growth factor and NT3 are neurotrophic factors that may protect nerves from mechanical and metabolic damage. We investigated the effects of HSV mediated delivery of NT3 for the treatment of diabetic ED. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 300 to 400 gm were injected with 65 mg/kg streptozotocin to induce DM. After 4 weeks 20 μl containing 5 × 10 8 pfu replication defective HSV vector expressing lacZ (6 rats) or NT3 (6) were injected directly into the cavernous nerve sheath with a 30 gauge needle. Four weeks later the animals underwent measurement of intracavernous pressure under electrical stimulation (20 Hz, 0.5 millisecond and 10 V) of the cavernous nerve. Staining for lacZ and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the major pelvic ganglia was also performed. Results: β-Galactosidase staining revealed lacZ positive neurons in the major pelvic ganglia. Maximal intracavernous pressure induced by electrical stimulation showed statistically significant mean values ± SEM of 15.1 ± 2.1 and 43.8 ± 11.1 cm H 2 O in the lacZ and NT3 vector injected groups, respectively (p = 0.03). The mean number of neuronal nitric oxide synthase positive neurons per section in the NT3 group was significantly higher than that in the lacZ control group at 3.33 ± 0.23 and 0.64 ± 0.14 neurons per high power field, respectively (p Conclusions: We report that gene therapy for the treatment of diabetic ED is feasible with HSV vectors. NT3 gene therapy may be applicable for the treatment of ED induced by DM.
Precipitation and Attenuation Measurements at a 10-cm Wavelength

Abstract On 9 June 1993, a squall line passed over the National Severe Storms Laboratory Cimarron radar and polarimetric data of this event were recorded. The line produced heavy rain and at one time was oriented north-south, extending over the radar site. At that time intense rainfall occurred over the radar. Polarimetric radar data from this event are examined to explore the utility of polarization radar techniques for rainfall monitoring and to evaluate the rain accumulation algorithm of the National Weather Services WSR-88D radar. The Twin Lakes WSR-88D radar observed the same squall line but from a different viewing angle. An unexpectedly large attenuation was experienced by the 10-cm-wavelength radiation, leading to large errors in conventional rain estimation techniques. An independent assessment of the rain measurements is made using rain accumulation in a dense network of surface rain gauges.
A phase I/II study of imatinib and docetaxel as neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced breast cancer

11039 Background: Imatinib mestylate(Gleevec,G) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of platelet derived growth factor receptor(PDGFR) and KIT(CD117). In breast cancer(BC),PDGFR signaling regulates tumor...
Combating Global Warming

The favored federal policy to address climate change is a domestic cap-and-trade system. However, a vocal minority of political leaders have begun arguing in favor of a carbon tax. Carbon taxes seem particularly attractive both for fiscal reasons and because they provide certainty over the price of emissions. But permit systems can be designed to capture the potential advantages of carbon taxes.
Stress analysis for nanomembranes under stamp compression

Many high performance flexible and stretchable electronics are manufactured by transferring inorganic semiconductor nanomembranes from their rigid donor substrates to soft receiving substrates via elastomeric rubber stamps. As nanomembrane thickness reduces to nanometers or subnanometers (e.g., 2D materials), they can be easily ruptured during the stamping process by shear stresses. Through analytical modeling, this paper reveals the membrane stress in the nanomembrane induced by stamp compression as a function of the stamp and nanomembrane property and geometry, as well as the traction–separation relation between the nanomembrane and the donor substrate. While membrane stress in the nanomembrane increases monotonically with the compressive loading applied on the stamp, an abrupt increase appears when nanomembrane–substrate interface starts to fail. While the stamp is assumed to be incompressible material in the main text, more general solutions for compressible stamps are offered in the supplementary material (see Appendix B).
Abstract 225: The Mitochondria-localizing Peptide Bendavia Reduces Cardiac Injury By Targeting Cardiolipin

Bendavia is a cardioprotective mitochondria-targeting peptide that is currently being utilized in the EMBRACE-STEMI clinical trial for acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Across a variety of pre-clinic...
An energy constraint for frictional slip on misoriented faults

Analysis of the energy required for slip on faults at varying angles ( θ ) to the greatest principal stress in a fixed stress field yields an upper bound on the effective coefficient of friction μ * d ( θ ) for slip on faults misoriented with respect to the optimum angle for slip, θ , given by the Coulomb criteria. Here the effective coefficient of friction is μ * d = μ d (1 − Pf / σn ), where Pf is the pore pressure confined to the fault zone and σn is the stress normal to the fault. The two-dimensional analysis applies to a pervasively fractured crust with heterogenous fault strength, and the results show that (1) slip will be energetically favored on faults at 45° to 50° to the greatest principal stress if the coefficient of friction along these faults is just 20% to 25% lower than along faults at the optimum Coulomb angle ( θ = 25° to 30° for commonly accepted values of friction, μd = 0.70 to 0.75, in the upper crust); (2) in the extreme case of vanishingly small frictional strength and low ambient shear stress, the 45° angle for optimum fault slip (parallel with the direction of maximum shear stress) is only weakly favored over a wide range of fault orientations on either side of 45°; and (3) slip will be energetically feasible on strongly misoriented faults ( θ > 80°) with an intrinsic coefficient of friction of μd ≈ 0.7 ( θ ≈ 28°) if μ * d ( θ ) ≦ 0.2 along the misoriented fault. The latter implies a lower bound on the fault-confined pore pressure of Pf ≧ 0.8 σn , where σn is the normal stress across the fault. The basic form of this contraint applies to both displacement-averaged dynamic friction and static friction.
PREPARATION AND NMR STUDIES OF PENTACOORDINATED PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS CONTAININGHEXAFLUOROISOPROPOXY GROUPS

The reaction of hexafluoroisopropyl benzenesulfenate with some phenylphospho-nites yielded a number of phosphoranes. Variable tomperature ~(19)F NMR measurementsof these substances show that intramolecular ligand reorganization is subject to stericinfluences. These spectra are discussed in terms of pseudorotation processes.
Research on condition identification based on data mining and SIS

Data mining technology has become a very active research focus in the field of artificial intelligence.In this paper,a method of working condition analysis based on data mining and the massive data from SIS is explored.The typical working conditions in the normal operation can be obtained efficiently and accurately by this way.The result illustrates that setting the target value through the actual optimal working conditions can provide the good guidance to the operation and valuable promotion.
Use of chlortetracycline for treatment of new feedlot cattle.

Two 56-d shipping fever trials of similar design were conducted the same season (fall) at Kansas State University (KSU) and at Purdue University (PU) to compare various levels of chlortetracycline (0 or 350 mg X head-1 X d-1 continuously or 1, 2 or 4 g X head-1 X d-1 for the first 14 d). Weanling crossbred steer calves were utilized (210 head of Angus X Simmental, averaging 197 kg, at KSU; 268 head of Angus X Hereford, averaging 192 kg, at PU). For the first 28 d in the KSU trial (October 13 to December 8), cattle that received 4 g X head-1 X d-1 the first 14 d gained more rapidly (P less than .05) than cattle fed 350 mg X head-1 X d-1 continuously or than the controls that received no chlortetracycline (CTC; 1.05 vs .92 or .93 kg/d, respectively). Cattle that received 4 g CTC X head-1 X d-1 for the first 14 d required less (P less than .05) dry matter per kg gain than steers that received 350 mg X head-1 X d-1 continuously over the 56-d period. In the PU trial (October 6 through December 1), all CTC treatments resulted in increased feed efficiency (P less than .05) over the controls through 28 d, and the 4 g X head-1 d-1 for 14 d and 350 mg X head-1 X d-1 continuously, improved feed efficiency over the other groups for the 56-d period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Development of pulmonary tuberculosis during adrenal steroid therapy.

Adrenal steroids appear capable of exerting a harmful effect in cases of human tuberculosis. This effect can be minimized by administration of chemotherapeutic agents, especially isoniazid.The relationship between administration of adrenal steroids and tuberculosis is complex, but studies show that it may be a factor in activating tuberculous lesions in some instances.
SU-D-207B-02: Early Grade Classification in Meningioma Patients Combining Radiomics and Semantics Data

Purpose: The clinical management of meningioma is guided by its grade and biologic behavior. Currently, diagnosis of tumor grade follows surgical resection and histopathologic review. Reliable techniques for pre-operative determination of tumor behavior are needed. We investigated the association between imaging features extracted from preoperative gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MRI and meningioma grade. Methods: We retrospectively examined the pre-operative MRI for 139 patients with de novo WHO grade I (63%) and grade II (37%) meningiomas. We investigated the predictive power of ten semantic radiologic features as determined by a neuroradiologist, fifteen radiomic features, and tumor location. Conventional (volume and diameter) imaging features were added for comparison. AUC was computed for continuous and χ2 for discrete variables. Classification was done using random forest. Performance was evaluated using cross validation (1000 iterations, 75% training and 25% validation). All p-values were adjusted for multiple testing. Results: Significant association was observed between meningioma grade and tumor location (p<0.001) and two semantic features including intra-tumoral heterogeneity (p<0.001) and overt hemorrhage (p=0.01). Conventional (AUC 0.61–0.67) and eleven radiomic (AUC 0.60–0.70) features were significant from random (p<0.05, Noether test). Median AUC values for classification of tumor grade were 0.57, 0.71, 0.72 and 0.77 respectively for conventional, radiomic, location, and semantic features after using random forest. By combining all imaging data (semantic, radiomic, and location), the median AUC was 0.81, which offers superior predicting power to that of conventional imaging descriptors for meningioma as well as radiomic features alone (p<0.05, permutation test). Conclusion: We demonstrate a strong association between radiologic features and meningioma grade. Pre-operative prediction of tumor behavior based on imaging features offers promise for guiding personalized medicine and improving patient management.
The Eudaimonics of Health: Exploring the Promise of Positive Well-Being and Healthier Living

With the emergence of positive psychology, researchers and practitioners have developed a greater appreciation for the relevance of subjective experience in the quality of everyday living. Hence, eudaimonia, with its emphasis on optimal functioning, has received more attention due to its potential for understanding and enhancing the human condition. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the role of eudaimonia in enhancing human health. The first part of the chapter presents a conceptual/definitional overview of both health and eudaimonia concepts. In the second part, a selective review examines findings of the research with an emphasis on the dynamic interplay among eudaimonia, hedonia, and health. A significant focus of this section is to explore the nature of the relationship among eudaimonia and hedonia, related constructs such as meaning and purpose, and health outcomes and behaviors across the lifespan. The final section presents a discussion of the key issues involving the eudaimonia-health relationship as well as interventions for enhancing the connection between eudaimonic enhancement and health behavior change.
Towards Adjoint-Based Inversion of the Lamé Parameter Field for Slender Structures With Cantilever Loading

Continuum models of slender structures are effective in simulating the mechanics of nano-scale filaments. However, the accuracy of these simulations strictly depends on the knowledge of the constitutive laws that may in general be non-homogeneous. It necessitates an inverse problem framework that can leverage the data provided by physical experiments and molecular dynamics simulations to estimate the unknown parameters in the constitutive law. In this paper, we formulate a simple but representative inverse problem as a nonlinear least-squares optimization problem whose cost functional is the misfit between synthetic observations of a cantilever displacement field and model predictions. A Tikhonov regularization term is added to the cost functional to render the problem well-posed and account for observational error. We solve this optimization problem with an adjoint-based inexact Newton-conjugate gradient method. We show that the reconstruction of the Lame parameter field converges to the exact coefficient as the observation error decreases.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Producción de espacio en la ciudad de Lima: la estética de los im/propio en la poesía de Domingo de Ramos

La poesia de Domingo de Ramos ha sido interpretada como la voz del migrante, aquello que esta por ende asociado a lo rural, no espanol, no literario. Cambio el enfoque e indago en la critica literaria que identifica la poesia de de Ramos con su biografia, interrogando tambien otros discursos que trataron los pueblos jovenes como espacios carentes de arquitectura, definidos por el paisaje y la naturaleza. Llamo la atencion hacia estrategias conceptuales interdisciplinarias que buscan mantener el espacio de los pueblos jovenes completamente diferenciado, externo e independiente a la ciudad de Lima.
The Gut Microbiome of the Vector Lutzomyia longipalpis Is Essential for Survival of Leishmania infantum

ABSTRACT The vector-borne disease leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania species protozoa, is transmitted to humans by phlebotomine sand flies. Development of Leishmania to infective metacyclic promastigotes in the insect gut, a process termed metacyclogenesis, is an essential prerequisite for transmission. Based on the hypothesis that vector gut microbiota influence the development of virulent parasites, we sequenced midgut microbiomes in the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis with or without Leishmania infantum infection. Sucrose-fed sand flies contained a highly diverse, stable midgut microbiome. Blood feeding caused a decrease in microbial richness that eventually recovered. However, bacterial richness progressively decreased in L. infantum-infected sand flies. Acetobacteraceae spp. became dominant and numbers of Pseudomonadaceae spp. diminished coordinately as the parasite underwent metacyclogenesis and parasite numbers increased. Importantly, antibiotic-mediated perturbation of the midgut microbiome rendered sand flies unable to support parasite growth and metacyclogenesis. Together, these data suggest that the sand fly midgut microbiome is a critical factor for Leishmania growth and differentiation to its infective state prior to disease transmission. IMPORTANCELeishmania infantum, a parasitic protozoan causing fatal visceral leishmaniasis, is transmitted to humans through the bite of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis. Development of the parasite to its virulent metacyclic state occurs in the sand fly gut. In this study, the microbiota within the Lu. longipalpis midgut was delineated by 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing, revealing a highly diverse community composition that lost diversity as parasites developed to their metacyclic state and increased in abundance in infected flies. Perturbing sand fly gut microbiota with an antibiotic cocktail, which alone had no effect on either the parasite or the fly, arrested both the development of virulent parasites and parasite expansion. These findings indicate the importance of bacterial commensals within the insect vector for the development of virulent pathogens, and raise the possibility that impairing the microbial composition within the vector might represent a novel approach to control of vector-borne diseases.