cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Primary Antifungal Prophylaxis in Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: Current Therapeutic Concepts

In recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCTs), the mortality associated with invasive fungal infections (IFIs) remains high, despite the introduction of broad-spectrum antifungal agents over the past 2 decades. Preventing exposure to fungal pathogens in this population is impossible; therefore, clinicians have focused on prophylactic use of antifungal agents to prevent IFIs in high-risk HSCT recipients. It is important to target antifungal prophylaxis by type of HSCT (autologous or allogeneic), local epidemiology, and risk factors for IFIs so that patients can receive the most appropriate agent while balancing costs and the risks of toxicity, and minimizing the development of resistance. To assist clinicians in weighing the pros and cons of currently available antifungal agents when choosing a suitable prophylactic regimen, we provide a review of several key prospective randomized trials that evaluated various antifungal agents for primary prophylaxis in adult HSCT recipients. In addition, we describe the epidemiology of and risk factors for IFIs in HSCT recipients, the difficulties in diagnosing IFIs, antifungal agents used for prophylaxis, and the goals of primary prophylaxis. Fluconazole remains the gold standard for primary prophylaxis in autologous HSCT recipients. For allogeneic HSCT recipients, the agent chosen for prophylaxis must be based on the patient's risk factors for IFIs. In low-risk patients, fluconazole is an appropriate agent to use for primary prophylaxis immediately after transplantation. However, in allogeneic HSCT recipients who develop complications, such as graft failure, graft-versus-host disease, or cytomegalovirus infection, prophylaxis with a mould-active agent should be used.
SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF ANCYROCEPHALINAEN (MONOGENOIDEA) PARASITES OF BLUEGILL, Lepomis macrochirus (RAF)

Nine species of Monogenea of the subfamily Ancyrocephalinae were collected from Lepomis macrochirus in Walter F. George Reservoir at 2 week intervals from December 1967 to January 1969. The abundance patterns and size of the organism formed three distinct groups: (1) The large species most abundant during the autumn and least abundant during the mid summer period were Anchoradiscus triangularis and Clavunculus bifurcatus; (2) the large species most abundant during the spring and least abundant during the mid summer period were Lyrodiscus seminolensis and Cleidodiscus robustus; and (3) the small species abundant during the summer but having a prewinter peak at water temperatures near 10 C were Actinocleidus fergusoni, Urocleidus dispar, U. ferox, U. acer and Cleidodiscus nematocirrus.
Deactivation of L-type Ca Current by Inhibition Controls LTP at Excitatory Synapses in the Cerebellar Nuclei

Long-term potentiation (LTP) of mossy fiber EPSCs in the cerebellar nuclei is controlled by synaptic inhibition from Purkinje neurons. EPSCs are potentiated by a sequence of excitation, inhibition, and disinhibition, raising the question of how these stimuli interact to induce plasticity. Here, we find that synaptic excitation, inhibition, and disinhibition couple to different calcium-dependent signaling pathways. In LTP induction protocols, constitutively active calcineurin can replace synaptic excitation, and constitutively active alpha-CaMKII can replace calcium influx associated with resumption of spiking upon disinhibition. Additionally, nimodipine can replace hyperpolarization, indicating that inhibition of firing decreases Ca influx through L-type Ca channels, providing a necessary signal for LTP. Together, these data suggest that potentiation develops after a calcineurin priming signal combines with an alpha-CaMKII triggering signal if and only if L-type Ca current is reduced. Thus, hyperpolarization induced by synaptic inhibition actively controls excitatory synaptic plasticity in the cerebellar nuclei.
Life History of Neophylax rickeri (Trichoptera: Uenoidae) in Two Northern California Streams

We studied the life history of the caddisfly Neophylax rickeri Milne (Trichoptera: Uenoidae) in two coastal northern California (Marin Co.) streams, Redwood Creek (a third order stream) and Webb Creek (a first order stream). Features were described for egg (oviposition location, predation, and egg mass phenology), larval (instar determination, instar phenology, voltinism, and case building), pupal (prepupal diapause, pupation phenology, mortality, and predation), and adult (emergence phenology, sex ratios, protandry, size, and longevity) stages. Oviposition on the downstream-facing sides of rocks occurred primarily in November in both streams; however, egg masses were also present from April through November in Webb Creek. Egg masses in Redwood Creek, but not Webb Creek, sometimes contained an egg predator, Acanthocnema sp. (Diptera: Scathophagidae). N. rickeri has five instars. The Redwood Creek population exhibits a synchronous univoltine pattern of development, but in Webb Creek a more variable pattern is present, with the majority of the population being univoltine with a small bivoltine summer generation. The Redwood Creek population had a longer prepupal diapause, but a shorter emergence period than Webb Creek. Prepupal mortality was highest in the summer in Redwood Creek, but it was overall low in Webb Creek. Pupal and adult sex ratios indicated protandry, with males emerging before females by ≈2 wk in both streams. The differences in the life histories of N. rickeri between streams for voltinism, life cycle timing, mortality, and pupal diapause suggest that physical habitat differences likely influence the variation in life history of this species.
Firms and Fiduciaries

Economists who study the theory of the firm strive to draw a line between firms and markets. This line corresponds to the line lawyers draw between fiduciary and nonfiduciary relationships. The Critical Resource Theory (“CRT”) of fiduciary relationships is motivated by the property-rights theory of the firm. CRT holds that the distinguishing feature of fiduciary relationships is that “a fiduciary exercises discretion with respect to a critical resource belonging to the beneficiary, whereas most contracting parties exercise discretion only with respect to their own performance under the contract.”In this chapter, I refine the description of “resources” under CRT using the property-rights theory of the firm and the resource-based view of the firm and extend the analysis of CRT to two important implications flowing from the basic structural insight: (1) while some features of fiduciary relationships are traceable to the logic of contract and some features are traceable to the logic of property, fiduciary relationships are unique hybrid institutions; and (2) the distinctive duty of loyalty that is imposed on fiduciary relationships is designed to protect the beneficiary’s property-like interest in critical resources.
Electromyographic Study of the Relationship Between Hamstring and Abdominal Muscles During a Unilateral Straight Leg Raise

The purposes of this study were 1) to assess the relative participation of the hip extensor and abdominal musculature during unilateral straight leg raising in the naive subject and 2) to examine quantitatively alterations in the pattern of pelvic stabilization when the subject was instructed to relax the contralateral extremity. Surface electrodes were used to record bilaterally the electromyographic activity of the rectus abdominus, external oblique, and medial hamstring muscles. Each healthy subject performed a unilateral straight leg raise three times in each of two modes, Preferred and Relaxed. The electromyographic values for each muscle were normalized to a maximum isometric contraction and analyzed using a three-factor (2 × 2 × 2) mixed design analysis of variance. Results indicate that 9 of the 11 subjects used the tested medial hamstrings and abdominal muscles during a unilateral straight leg raise performed in the Preferred Mode. When instructed to relax the contralateral extremity for the Relaxed Mode, abdominal muscle activity increased significantly ( p < .01). The findings indicate that although most subjects normally stabilize with the contralateral extremity during a unilateral straight leg raise, they can consciously alter the pattern.
Communication and Sport, Where Art Thou? Epistemological Reflections on the Moment and Field(s) of Play:

In this editorial essay, Communication and Sport Editor-in-Chief Lawrence Wenner considers the state of scholarly inquiry on communication and sport at an important moment. The moment features comp...
Enhancement of ultraviolet photodissociation efficiencies through attachment of aromatic chromophores

Two N-terminal derivatization reagents containing aromatic chromophores, 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate (SPITC) and 4-methylphosphonophenyl isothiocyanate (PPITC), were used to increase the dissociation efficiencies of peptides upon ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) at 193 nm. The resulting UVPD spectra are dominated by C-terminal ions, including y, z, x, v, and w ions, and immonium ions. The attachment of the PPITC or SPITC groups leads to a reduction in the number and abundances of N-terminal ions because the added phosphonate or sulfonate functionalities result in neutralization of some of the N-terminal species, ones that might normally be singly protonated in the absence of the negatively charged sulfonate or phosphonate groups. In addition, the greater photoabsorptivities of the PPITC- and SPITC-derivatized N-terminal product ions enhanced their secondary photodissociation, leading to formation of immonium ions.
Environmental fate and ecotoxicology of propanil: a review

ABSTRACTThe herbicide propanil, a synthetic anilide, was discovered in 1957 to control grasses and broad-leaf weeds in rice fields. It has been found to disrupt the electron transport chain by inhibiting the photosystem II, thus impacting plant growth. In the environment, photolysis represents a major degradation pathway, whereas volatilization is not a major route of dissipation from either water or moist soils. Propanil is rapidly degraded by microbes into the major degradation product 3,4-dichloroaniline. This degradation product has been highly detected in both groundwater and surface waters throughout the world. Propanil has been found to adversely impact many non-target organisms. It is toxic to some early life-stage aquatic organisms, in addition to being moderately toxic to the water flea (Ceriodaphnia dubia) and rainbow trout. In addition, it has been reported to pose a high acute and long-term risk to birds. In plants, growth rates are highly impacted; however, some plant species are becoming re...
The Graph of F(X) for Complex Numbers

(1917). The Graph of F(X) for Complex Numbers. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 24, No. 9, pp. 409-420.
A Concise History of Japan: Meiji Enlightenment, 1868–1912

In January 1868, on the battlefields of Fushimi and Toba, the Edo bakufu succumbed to the Satcho alliance. After some 268 restive years, the losers at the Battle of Sekigahara (1600), the ‘outside’ domains that the shoguns had kept so carefully under their thumbs, finally exacted their revenge. If the architects of the Meiji Restoration had extolled the ‘expel the barbarians, revere the emperor’ doctrine in the early 1860s, however, the reality of governance – and the reality of the threat posed by the Great Powers and their crippling ‘unequal treaties’ – made such patriotic slogans untenable as actual policy. The radical imperial nationalism of the early nineteenth century surrendered to a realpolitik engagement with the US and Europe, in which modernization became the preoccupation of Japanese politics, culture, and society. Meiji reformers sought to thrust Japan into the modern age, with its constitutional governments, powerful steam engines, and twenty-four-hour electrically lit factories. With powerful policies and philosophies guiding them, Meiji reformers reinvented Japan in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. They moulded Japan into a country that, less than a half century later, became a world economic and military power. Meiji State The new leadership of the Meiji regime was, as Okuma Shigenobu (1838–1922) described it, akin to the ‘myriad gods’ setting out to build a new state. The Charter Oath of April 1868 laid out the basic framework for the new regime. Although the first four tenets – ‘deliberative assemblies’, universal male suffrage, the abandonment of the ‘evil customs of the past’, and open access to entrepreneurial opportunities – proved slow to materialize, the new leadership vigorously pursued the fifth tenet, which stated that, ‘Knowledge shall be sought throughout the world so as to invigorate the foundations of imperial rule.’ This international engagement transformed Japan at every level, from cultural borrowing to armed conflict.
Reconstruction of the Maxillectomy Defect

Maxillectomy for ablative surgery results in defects with significant functional and cosmetic morbidity. The hard or soft palate, dental arch, alveolus, nose, zygoma, malar process, or orbits may be involved, each with attendant considerations. Prosthodontic rehabilitation with a metallic and acrylic obturator has classically been used to replace missing teeth and separate the oral cavity from the nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses. Microvascular free tissue transfer has emerged as the current mainstay of treatment for patients needing composite reconstruction, especially where bony support is needed. Technical refinements in skin paddle design, muscle flap orientation, and bone fixation have dominated the literature over the past two decades. Recently, advances in microvascular techniques using virtual surgical planning and navigation-guided implant surgery have improved predictability of dental rehabilitation. The current state of the art remains comprehensive functional and cosmetic rehabilitation, comprising facial support, definitive obturation of the oronasal and/or oroantral defect, and functional dental occlusion.
Model-Independent Method of Nonlinear Blind Source Separation

Consider a time series of signal measurements x(t), where x has two components. This paper shows how to process the local distributions of measurement velocities in order to construct a two-component mapping, u(x). If the measurements are linear or nonlinear combinations of statistically independent variables, u(x) must be an unmixing function. In other words, the measurement data are separable if and only if \(u_{1}[x(t)]\) and \(u_{2}[x(t)]\) are statistically independent of one another. The method is analytic, constructive, and model-independent. It is illustrated by blindly recovering the separate utterances of two speakers from nonlinear combinations of their waveforms.
Evaluation and Management of Mucosal and Submucosal Lesions in the Foregut

Submucosal or, more appropriately, subepithelial lesions are occasionally seen during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. A minority turn out to be structures outside the gut wall but most are true intramural lesions. A majority of these lesions are found incidentally and are asymptomatic. Examples of these lesions include malignant or potentially malignant tumors such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and carcinoids as well as benign lesions (lipoma, duplication cyst, heterotopic pancreas). Diagnosis often cannot be made by endoscopy alone. Endoscopic ultrasound helps narrow the differential diagnosis of a subepithelial lesion based on echogenicity and layer of origin. It also allows for deeper tissue acquisition and evaluation for candidacy for endoscopic resection. Management including endoscopic resection, surgical resection, or surveillance depends on the presence of symptoms, size, and histology if obtained.
Metabolism and the Evolution of Social Behavior

How does metabolism influence social behavior? This fundamental question at the interface of molecular biology and social evolution is hard to address with experiments in animals, and therefore, we turned to a simple microbial system: swarming in the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using genetic engineering, we excised a locus encoding a key metabolic regulator and disrupted P. aeruginosa's metabolic prudence, the regulatory mechanism that controls expression of swarming public goods and protects this social behavior from exploitation by cheaters. Then, using experimental evolution, we followed the joint evolution of the genome, the metabolome and the social behavior as swarming re-evolved. New variants emerged spontaneously with mutations that reorganized the metabolome and compensated in distinct ways for the disrupted metabolic prudence. These experiments with a unicellular organism provide a detailed view of how metabolism-currency of all physiological processes-can determine the costs and benefits of a social behavior and ultimately influence how an organism behaves towards other organisms of the same species.
On Feeling Warm and Being Warm: Daily Perceptions of Physical Warmth Fluctuate With Interpersonal Warmth

Previous investigations have linked laboratory manipulations of physical warmth to momentary increases in interpersonal warmth. However, replication concerns have occurred in this area, and it is n...
Recent Issues in Pediatric Clostridium difficile Infection

We focus on two recent aspects of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in children, namely the emergence of community-associated CDI (CA-CDI) and the incidence and prevention of recurrent CDI. Current surveys suggest that a large proportion of all pediatric CDI is acquired in the community. Risk factors and frequency estimates of pediatric CA-CDI, however, are confounded in babies and toddlers by a high rate of asymptomatic excretion, whose detection likely is exaggerated by the wide use of highly sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests. Recurrent diarrhea occurs in up to 25% of children with CDI. Preventative strategies for recurrent CDI in adults, namely pulse and taper antibiotic dosing, use of anti-CDI drugs with mild effect on the colonic microbiome, fecal microbiota transplantation, and passive immune therapy, currently are being tested in children. Future studies are required to better characterize community acquisition of CDI in children and to define the safety and effectiveness of preventative strategies for recurrent CDI.
Use of Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography for Suspected Pulmonary Embolism in Patients with Malignancy- a Single Center Experience

Abstract Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a potentially lethal condition commonly suspected in patients with malignancy. Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA) is increasingly used in the diagnosis of PE, and guidelines have incorporated various screening tools including the Modified Geneva and Wells criteria to facilitate exclusion of pulmonary embolism. There is an increased risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with active malignancy and therefore an increased suspicion in patients who present to the emergency department (ED) with concerning symptoms. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis at a single tertiary care institution. All patients initially diagnosed with an active malignancy since 2005 and underwent a CTPA between January 2010 and October 2015 were reviewed. Patients were excluded if the CTPA was performed in the setting of trauma, a history of benign malignancy, or if the diagnosis of malignancy was made subsequent to the CTPA. Data collected included patient demographics, clinical presentation, type of malignancy and treatment regimen received. The modified Geneva and Wells criteria were applied to all patients independent from the initial ED risk assessment for a PE. Results: There were 796 patient records reviewed, of which 162 patients met inclusion criteria. Out of these 162 patients, only 8 (4.9%) were found to have a pulmonary embolism. All patients with a positive CTPA had an intermediate risk per the Geneva criteria while only 62.5% had an intermediate risk per the Wells criteria. Of the 154 patients with a negative CTPA, 71.5% and 78.7% had an intermediate risk; 22.5% and 18.7% were classified as low risk based on Wells and Geneva criteria, respectively. The median age of patients was 59 years old, and the majority were male (58%). The most common malignancies in which a CTPA was ordered were lung cancer (27.7%) followed by breast cancer (14.9%) and prostate cancer (6.8%). Despite a negative CTPA, 82 out of 154 patients (53%) were admitted to the hospital. Conclusion: Pulmonary embolism is commonly associated with and frequently suspected in patients with active malignancy. The incidence of PE over a 5-year period in oncology patients was 5% in our emergency department. In total, 18.7% to 22.5% of patients could have avoided a CTPA if scoring was based on the Wells or Geneva criteria. Based on the review at our institution, the modified Geneva and Wells criteria are not adequate, and a new tool needs to be developed for risk stratification for the diagnosis of PE specifically in patients with active malignancy. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A Comparative Analysis of the ADOS-G and ADOS-2 Algorithms: Preliminary Findings

The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) is a widely utilized observational assessment tool for diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. The original ADOS was succeeded by the ADOS-G with noted improvements. More recently, the ADOS-2 was introduced to further increase its diagnostic accuracy. Studies examining the validity of the ADOS have produced mixed findings, and pooled relationship trends between the algorithm versions are yet to be analyzed. The current review seeks to compare the relative merits of the ADOS-G and ADOS-2 algorithms, Modules 1–3. Eight studies met inclusion criteria for the review, and six were selected for paired comparisons of the sensitivity and specificity of the ADOS. Results indicate several contradictory findings, underscoring the importance of further study.
Behavioral Therapies and Self-Management for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Abstract Self-management can be divided into three sections: education and reassurance, behavioral interventions, and lifestyle modifications. These methods can be very attractive to patients because it allows them to be active in their treatment while offering patients with low-risk symptom relief. These changes include avoiding caffeinated beverages, managing the amount of fluid intake, abstaining from drinking alcohol, and having regular bowel movements. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the different options currently available, which have been supported in the literature.
Modelling the effect of changing precipitation inputs on deep soil water utilization

Forests in the Southeastern United States are predicted to experience future changes in seasonal patterns of precipitation inputs as well as more variable precipitation events. These climate change‐induced alterations could increase drought and lower soil water availability. Drought could alter rooting patterns and increase the importance of deep roots that access subsurface water resources. To address plant response to drought in both deep rooting and soil water utilization as well as soil drainage, we utilize a throughfall reduction experiment in a loblolly pine plantation of the Southeastern United States to calibrate and validate a hydrological model. The model was accurately calibrated against field measured soil moisture data under ambient rainfall and validated using 30% throughfall reduction data. Using this model, we then tested these scenarios: (a) evenly reduced precipitation; (b) less precipitation in summer, more in winter; (c) same total amount of precipitation with less frequent but heavier storms; and (d) shallower rooting depth under the above 3 scenarios. When less precipitation was received, drainage decreased proportionally much faster than evapotranspiration implying plants will acquire water first to the detriment of drainage. When precipitation was reduced by more than 30%, plants relied on stored soil water to satisfy evapotranspiration suggesting 30% may be a threshold that if sustained over the long term would deplete plant available soil water. Under the third scenario, evapotranspiration and drainage decreased, whereas surface run‐off increased. Changes in root biomass measured before and 4 years after the throughfall reduction experiment were not detected among treatments. Model simulations, however, indicated gains in evapotranspiration with deeper roots under evenly reduced precipitation and seasonal precipitation redistribution scenarios but not when precipitation frequency was adjusted. Deep soil and deep rooting can provide an important buffer capacity when precipitation alone cannot satisfy the evapotranspirational demand of forests. How this buffering capacity will persist in the face of changing precipitation inputs, however, will depend less on seasonal redistribution than on the magnitude of reductions and changes in rainfall frequency.
Autophagy—A key pathway for cardiac health and longevity

As average life expectancy continues to rise in the developed world, age-associated pathologies are increasing in prevalence. The hallmarks of cardiac ageing include cardiomyocyte loss, fibrosis and hypertrophy, all of which contribute to an increased incidence of cardiac disease. At the molecular level, cellular ageing is characterized by increased ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction and the accumulation of damaged proteins and organelles. Cardiomyocytes and other senescent cell types rely upon autophagy, a lysosome-mediated degradation pathway, to remove potentially toxic protein aggregates and damaged organelles from the cellular milieu. However, increasing lines of evidence point to an age-associated decrease in cardiomyocyte autophagy, with predictably negative consequences for cardiac function and health. Conversely, stimulation of autophagy has been shown to improve cellular health and cardiac function and to increase lifespan in numerous model organisms. Clearly, autophagy represents a critical pathway for cellular vitality, as well as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of age-related cardiac pathologies. In this review, we will discuss the mechanism of autophagy and its regulation in the cell, the role of autophagy in the ageing heart, and how the autophagy pathway might be targeted to improve cardiac health.
Sensitivity of streamflow to climate change in California

Climate change is rapidly altering the global water cycle, exposing vulnerabilities in both social and environmental systems. However, uncertainty in future climate predictions makes it difficult to design and evaluate strategies for building climate resilience. In regions such as California, characterized by stressed water-supply systems, high natural climate variability, and substantial uncertainty in future precipitation projections, alternative approaches to assessing climate risks may be useful. Here, we develop a hydrologic sensitivity approach to estimate regional streamflow responses to climate change in California. We use statistical models to predict monthly streamflow from physical catchment features and evaluate how flow changes with incremental changes in precipitation and temperature. The results indicate unique regional and monthly flow responses to climate change, with early summer flows (May–July) in interior mountain region having the greatest sensitivity to temperature and winter flows (December–March) in the xeric region having the greatest sensitivity to precipitation. When evaluated over the range of global climate model projections for mid-century (2040–2069), models generally suggest shifts in streamflow regimes towards higher wet season flows and lower dry season flows relative to historical conditions. The sensitivity analysis provides insight into catchment- and regional-scale hydrologic responses in California and complements other approaches for understanding the consequences of climatic change for water and risk management.
Fluid, Hemodynamic, and Coagulation Disorders

Edema — refers to the accumulation of excess fluid in the interstitial (extracellular and extravascular) spaces or body cavities. May be localized to a specific region (ascites, hydrothorax pericardial effusion etc.) or may be systemic (anasarca). May consist of protein-poor transudate or protein-rich (inflammatory) exudate.
Chapter 6 – Transport-Equation Turbulence Models

This chapter discusses transport-equation turbulence models, which can overcome some of the limitations of the zero-equation models for modeling Reynolds stresses. Except for the stress-transport models discussed later, most of the transport equation models use the turbulence kinetic energy equation with another equation, in two-equation models. Three of the more popular of these are considered: the k-e model of Jones and Launder, the k-u model of Wilcox and the SST model of Menter. One-equation models are also discussed: the Bradshaw model and the Spalart-Allmaras model. Finally the Launder-Reece-Rodi (LRR) model is examined as an approach to stress-transport models.
Classical and quantum conductivity in β-Ga 2 O 3

The conductivity σ, quantum-based magnetoconductivity Δσ = σ(B) − σ(0), and Hall coefficient RH (= µH/σ) of degenerate, homoepitaxial, (010) Si-doped β-Ga2O3, have been measured over a temperature range T = 9–320 K and magnetic field range B = 0–10 kG. With ten atoms in the unit cell, the normal-mode phonon structure of β-Ga2O3 is very complex, with optical-phonon energies ranging from kTpo ~ 20–100 meV. For heavily doped samples, the phonon spectrum is further modified by doping disorder. We explore the possibility of developing a single function Tpo(T) that can be incorporated into both quantum and classical scattering theory such that Δσ vs B, Δσ vs T, and µH vs T are all well fitted. Surprisingly, a relatively simple function, Tpo(T) = 1.6 × 103{1 − exp[−(T + 1)/170]} K, works well for β-Ga2O3 without any additional fitting parameters. In contrast, Δσ vs T in degenerate ScN, which has only one optical phonon branch, is well fitted with a constant Tpo = 550 K. These results indicate that quantum conductivity enables an understanding of classical conductivity in disordered, multi-phonon semiconductors.
As influências na poética de Augusto dos Anjos

Este estudo visa refletir sobre as influencias sofridas por Augusto de Carvalho Rodrigues dos Anjos em sua obra poetica. Para isso, doutrinas filosoficas como o positivismo e o cientificismo foram revisitadas, bem como algumas escolas literarias como o parnasianismo, o simbolismo e o proprio periodo pre-moderno, nao esquecendo da importância da Escola de recife na construcao de sua obra. Alguns autores tambem colaboraram na formacao poetica de Augusto, os principais nomes foram: Edgar Alan Poe, Schopenhauer e Charles Baudelaire. Neste trabalho foram consideradas as marcas da linguagem poetica e a tematica, desconstruida para a epoca, insistentemente melancolica e pessimista, formatada em seus versos de forma musical e esteticamente rigida.
Differential Relationships of Child Anxiety and Depression to Child Report and Parent Report of Electronic Media Use

Child depression and anxiety have been associated with electronic media use, but the comorbidity between the two has rarely been accounted for in analyses. We examined both child and parent reports of electronic media use in relation to parent-reported child depression and anxiety. Using survey and interview data collected for 9- to 11-year-olds from the 21-site adolescent brain cognitive development study, we conducted generalized linear mixed models. Our results demonstrated that electronic media use was more strongly associated with depression than anxiety, and that accounting for depression significantly reduced the relationship between electronic media use and anxiety. Different categories of electronic media showed differential relationships to anxiety and depression, with video gaming and video chatting related to anxiety, but video watching related to depression. These findings provide important data to ground theories of the mechanisms that contribute to these associations.
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in the Evaluation of Unexplained Dyspnea

Diagnosis of unexplained exertional dyspnea or fatigue is a significant challenge. When routine cardiac and pulmonary evaluations are unrevealing, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) with invas...
Non-pharmacologic Treatment

Many non-pharmacologic therapies have been utilized in the treatment of acute pain. These therapies can potentially improve pain and function and avoid undesirable side effects of pharmacologic treatments. This is especially important in light of the current opioid crisis.
Effects of Container Medium Peat Content and Bed Surface on Plant Growth During Capillary Irrigation

Abstract Rhododendron indicum ‘Formosa’ (Formosa azalea), Buxus sempervirens (Common boxwood), and B. microphylla koreana (Korean boxwood) were grown on capillary irrigation beds of fine mortar san...
Fingerprint Localization Algorithm Based on Occlusion Judgment

With the development of Device-free localization technology, indoor fingerprint localization has attracted more and more attention. However, in indoor environment, the degree of occlusion at different locations is obviously different, the positioning accuracy based on Channel State Information (CSI) system decreases. In this paper, we propose a fingerprint localization algorithm based on occlusion judgment (FLOJ algorithm). In the fingerprint processing phase, we use principal components analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimension of fingerprint database to remove redundant data. And k-nearest neighbor (KNN) position estimation algorithm is used to get the matching results. In the phase of multi-position fusion, we use the algorithm based on CSI propagation model as the criterion to measure the occlusion degree of indoor environment. And we fuse the matching positions obtained by multi-receivers at the same time. Experiment results show that compared to KNN localization methods, our proposed algorithm can effectively reduce positioning error.
Replens prevents preterm birth by decreasing type I interferon strengthening the cervical epithelial barrier

Problem A breakdown of the cervical epithelial barrier has been associated with preterm cervical remodeling. It is unknown if Replens, the vehicle for vaginal progesterone, alters cervical epithelial junctional proteins impacting cervical remodeling and preterm birth. Method of study E17 CD-1 pregnant mice received an intrauterine injection of saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Effect of intravaginal Replens given on day E16 and on E17 coincident with LPS was tested. A second experiment determined if an antibody to the interferon receptor (IFNaR) blocked the effects of LPS. Mice were killed after six hours, the preterm birth rate was recorded, and the serum and cervices were collected for analysis. Additionally, the epithelial cell barrier was assessed using an in vitro permeability assay. Results Replens decreased the rate of LPS-induced preterm birth within six hours, from 87.5% to 37.5% (P Conclusion Replens prevents preterm birth by decreasing the interferon-induced upregulation of MMP13 and the degradation of the cell adhesion protein E-Cadherin. Further studies are needed to determine if Replens can be useful as treatment for preterm birth.
Laser Sintering of Aerosol Jet Printed Interconnects on Flexible Substrate

Abstract Laser sintering of interconnects printed on flexible substrate with silver nanoparticle ink is studied as an alternative to convection oven sintering. Interconnects of 80 μm and 250 μm lin...
Effect of Spectral Diffusion on the Coherence Properties of a Single Quantum Emitter in Hexagonal Boron Nitride.

Quantum emitters capable of producing single photons on-demand with high color purity are the building blocks of emerging schemes in secure quantum communications, quantum computing, and quantum me...
Multidisciplinary care clinics: A model to deliver personalized survivorship care.

e19629 Background: Multidisciplinary care models provide a comprehensive approach to improve the care of long-term cancer survivors as recommended by the Institute of Medicine report.. Here we desc...
Time-Resolved Macromolecular Crystallography at Modern X-Ray Sources

Time-resolved macromolecular crystallography unifies protein structure determination with chemical kinetics. With the advent of fourth generation X-ray sources the time-resolution can be on the order of 10-40 fs, which opens the ultrafast time scale to structure determination. Fundamental motions and transitions associated with chemical reactions in proteins can now be observed. Moreover, new experimental approaches at synchrotrons allow for the straightforward investigation of all kind of reactions in biological macromolecules. Here, recent developments in the field are reviewed.
Chapter 8.2 – Vascular Development

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate embryonic vascular development. Cellular and molecular characterization of embryonic endothelial cells has significantly improved the understanding of blood vessel development and behavior. Together, classical observations and more recent molecular and genetic approaches have helped to elucidate many aspects of vascular specification, differentiation, and remodeling. The cardiovascular system is the first functional organ formed during embryogenesis, arising long before other organs and tissues. Abnormalities in its assembly or function almost invariably lead to embryonic lethality. The reason that cardiovascular function is critical to the survival of higher organisms lies in the fact that every cell must receive nutrition and eliminate wastes via blood vessels. Studies have demonstrated that the cells in complex tissues are generally located within about 100–200 μm of an endothelial-lined blood vessel, which is the diffusion limit for oxygen, otherwise they perish from starvation and/or asphyxiation. During formation, the general pattern of the embryonic vascular system is strikingly stereotyped within a species, and highly conserved between different vertebrate species. The defining cell type of the vascular system is the endothelial cell, which forms the seamless lining of the entire circulatory system, including the heart and all arteries and veins, large and small. Given the architectural conservation of the vasculature between species, it is likely that endothelial cells arise and assemble following genetically hard-wired molecular cues that are conserved across vertebrates.
DOES GOVERNMENT FUND THE BEST ENTREPRENEURIAL VENTURES? THE CASE OF THE SMALL BUSINESS INNOVATION RESEARCH PROGRAM

Policy makers around the world are increasingly interested in spurring entrepreneurship by providing capital to promising ventures, and often develop government programs designed to do so. Whether ...
Risk Factors for Rhinosinusitis After Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Adenomectomy.

ObjectivePatients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal adenomectomy (eTSA) for pituitary tumors are at risk for postoperative complications, including rhinosinusitis. We aimed to determine if preo...
CO2-Free Hydrogen Production by Catalytic Pyrolysis of Hydrocarbon Feedstocks in Molten Ni–Bi

The catalytic decomposition of methane, propane, benzene, and crude petroleum was investigated between 900 and 1000 °C in molten metal bubble column reactors. The conversion to gas phase products a...
Development and Application of Endothelial Cells Derived From Pluripotent Stem Cells in Microphysiological Systems Models

The vascular endothelium is present in all organs and blood vessels, facilitates the exchange of nutrients and waste throughout different organ systems in the body, and sets the tone for healthy vessel function. Mechanosensitive in nature, the endothelium responds to the magnitude and temporal waveform of shear stress in the vessels. Endothelial dysfunction can lead to atherosclerosis and other diseases. Modeling endothelial function and dysfunction in organ systems in vitro, such as the blood-brain barrier and tissue-engineered blood vessels, requires sourcing endothelial cells (ECs) for these biomedical engineering applications. It can be difficult to source primary, easily renewable ECs that possess the function or dysfunction in question. In contrast, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can be sourced from donors of interest and renewed almost indefinitely. In this review, we highlight how knowledge of vascular EC development in vivo is used to differentiate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) into ECs. We then describe how iPSC-derived ECs are being used currently in in vitro models of organ function and disease and in vivo applications.
Long-term impacts of drain spacing, crop management, and weather on nitrate leaching to subsurface drains.

Subsurface drainage is an essential water management practice for many poorly drained soils in the U.S. Midwest, but this practice also contributes nitrate-N loads to surface waters. This paper summarizes results from Years 16-31 of a long-term drainage research project in southeastern Indiana and compares results with the first 15 yr of the study. The study compared three drain spacings (5, 10, and 20 m) managed with a no-till corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation, with cover crops in about half of the years. Drainflow and nitrate-N losses per unit area were greatest for the 5-m spacing and lowest for the 20-m spacing. Nitrate-N concentrations did not vary with drain spacing and were generally in the range of 4-9 mg L-1 . Annual nitrate-N loads were linearly correlated with annual flow volumes, reflecting the relatively constant concentrations over the 16-yr period. Whereas nitrate-N concentrations were relatively constant throughout the year, short-term concentration spikes occurred for nitrate-N during June-July of corn years. About 70% of annual drainflow and N loads occurred during the fallow season of November-April. The results underscore the interacting effects of drainage design, crop management, and weather in determining the magnitude of N loss from drained agricultural fields.
Control co-design of commercial building chiller plant using Bayesian optimization

Abstract The current HVAC design practice is sequential or iterative at best. This conservative approach does not consider the increased potential enabled by advanced sensing and control technologies that may be installed at a later date. Selection and optimization of the building control system is mostly an independent step in a sequential design process. The optimal design and operation of HVAC systems must account for the interconnected controls between the subsystems. In this paper, we develop a data-driven, simulation-based, black-box optimization approach based on Bayesian optimization (BO) to efficiently explore the design space and jointly optimize both the system and control-design parameters of a commercial building chiller plant. The co-design optimization determines the optimal number/configuration and size of the chillers, and the optimal chiller sequencing control variables that minimize the overall energy consumption, peak-load, operating, and capital costs incurred over a design horizon, subject to cooling load constraints. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer programming model and solved using BO that leverages a high-fidelity commercial chiller plant emulator to evaluate different candidate designs. Based on real chiller data, we conducted a detailed economic assessment and numerical study that highlighted that, compared to current design practices, the co-optimization approach resulted in capital cost savings of about 0.7 million US dollars, annual energy savings of nearly 33%, and a 56% reduction in peak power demand while delivering the same level of cooling to the building due to the chiller’s optimized sizing and operation (switching thresholds, chiller staging).
Radiation Oncology Provider Telehealth Satisfaction: Survey Results From a Single NCI-Designated Institution.

Purpose/objective(s) Telehealth (TH) for radiation oncology services has emerged as a new modality for care delivery and will likely persist beyond the COVID pandemic. Data regarding radiation oncology provider satisfaction of TH are limited and essential to the sustainable adoption of this tool. Materials/methods An anonymous electronic survey assessing TH experience was distributed in 11/2020 to all clinical radiation oncology physicians and APPs at a single large NCI-designated institution, including affiliate clinics. Those who utilized TH (phone or video) were invited to participate. The provider survey was designed using the technology-acceptance model (TAM), a validated method to predict use and acceptance of technology tools. Survey items included 4 assessing provider role, 1 regarding TH utilization, 26 assessing TH experience on a 5-point Likert scale, and 1 free response assessing current barriers to TH. Percent satisfaction is reported as the percentage of top 2 positive or affirmative responses on the Likert scale as a proportion of all responses. Results 19 of 34 radiation oncology providers (56%) completed the survey, including 15 attending physicians and 4 APPs. Providers specialized in central nervous system (n = 3), head and neck (n = 2), gastrointestinal (n = 1), breast (n = 2), genitourinary (n = 4), gynecological (n = 2), sarcoma (n = 1), and general oncology (n = 4). Providers reported having 1-10 (n = 5), 11-15 (n = 7), or > 20 years (n = 7) in practice. Providers utilized TH for on-treatment visits (53%), follow-ups (86%), and consults (79%). 56% of providers enjoyed experimenting with new technology and 61% felt that technological advances improved care for patients. Regarding aspects of the TH clinical encounter: providers had high satisfaction with ability to document the visit (89%), obtaining patient history (83%), and ease of discussing radiation treatment decisions (71%). There was lower satisfaction with ability to create rapport (33%), ease of obtaining consent for radiation (33%), and ease of evaluating physical exam findings (19%). Regarding workflow: 39% felt that TH was compatible with existing oncology clinical workflow, 39% felt TH gave them greater control over work, 33% providers felt that TH improved their job efficiency, and 28% felt TH made them more productive. Regarding ease of TH use: 44% felt that interacting with TH services was frustrating and 39% felt that TH services did not require much training. 24% felt the TH adequately replaced face to face visits. Providers identified the following barriers to TH implementation: lack of MA/RN/APP support, interruptions to TH visits by treatment/simulation clinical duties, lack of dedicated TH template, and burden of navigating the electronic medical record. Conclusion Radiation oncology providers at our institution expressed mixed satisfaction to incorporating TH into their practice. Current strategies to address barriers, including implementation of a telehealth care coordinator, are underway.
Approaches towards dealing with complex systems configuration

This paper describes some challenges facing architects who have to develop solutions operating on distributed virtualized infrastructures. It suggests the use of model-driven deployment and end-to-end monitoring for alleviating some of these problems.