cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scaling Theory of the Potts Model Multicritical Point

A theory of the scaling behavior near the ${q}_{c}=4$ state multicritical point of the two-dimensional Potts lattice gas model is developed. Proceeding from the assumption that a dilution field becomes marginal at the multicritical point while the thermal and ordering fields are relevant, a set of differential renormalization group (RG) equations for these fields are constructed. Keeping terms through second order we find that these equations are characterized by five universal parameters which we evaluate using exact as well as conjectured results. Based upon these RG equations, we investigate the physical properties of the two-dimensional Potts lattice gas for $q$ near ${q}_{c}$. For the pure Potts model with $q={q}_{c}$ we find logarithmic temperature corrections to the specific heat and the spontaneous magnetization. At ${T}_{c}$ we find $\mathrm{ln}(r)$ corrections to the power law behavior of the spin-spin correlation function. For the dilute Potts model with $q={q}_{c}$ we find that the latent heat, the discontinuity in the magnetization, and the discontinuity in the coexisting densities vanish with an essential singularity as $T$ approaches the multicritical point from the first-order side. Results for $qg{q}_{c}$ and $ql{q}_{c}$ are also given.
THE HEAT TRANSFER FROM A RECTANGULAR FIN WITH ASYMMETRICAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

The purpose of the present study is to present a correct solution to the problem of a rectangular fin with asymmetrical boundary conditions operating in a convective environment with a constant heat transfer coefficient. Both one and two dimensional solutions are presented for a range of Biot numbers between 0.05 and 0.2. The important conclusion is that the one dimensional solution always overestimates the heat dissipated by the fin in comparison to the one computed using the two dimensional model
Imaging Approach to Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis in Children: An Update

Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHOM) is primarily a disease in infants and children. Early diagnosis of AHOM in children is essential to prevent complications and long-term morbidity. The diagnosis of AHOM could be challenging as presentation varies with the child's age and type of pathogen. It is the role of the radiologist to suggest the appropriate imaging modality for the diagnosis of AHOM and evaluation of complications. This article discusses the current multimodality imaging approach for early diagnosis of AHOM, and evaluation of complications to guide treatment.
Sonomicrometry: Its Application as a Routine Monitoring Technique in Cardiac Surgery

We utilized ultrasonic-dimension crystals in approximately 50 patients during a three-year period to evaluate clinical sonomicrometry as a routine monitoring tool in patients undergoing cardiac operations. Standard research piezoelectric pulse transit ultrasonic transducers were modified with a hooked attachment in a tethered configuration to facilitate accurate alignment and quick insertion for the measurement of myocardial segment length changes. These segment crystals were used both intraoperatively and postoperatively to evaluate the left ventricular pressure-geometry relationships and to serve as a continuous monitor of myocardial function. The left ventricular pressure-volume relationship was varied by temporarily reapproximating the pericardium (pericardial closure resulted in a 12% reduction in fractional shortening, a 5% decrease in end-diastolic segment length, and an 8% increase in pulmonary artery diastolic pressure). During both the intraoperative and postoperative periods, we found good correlation between thermodilution, stroke volume, and myocardial dimensions; no correlation was noted between pulmonary artery diastolic pressure and stroke volume. No bleeding or major complications resulted from the use of these sonomicrometry transducers. Our initial clinical experience with sonomicrometry seems to support its use as a potentially valuable monitoring tool.
On the life history and functional morphology of Halipegus occidualis (Trematoda: Hemiuridae), with emphasis on the cystophorous cercaria stage

Abstract The cystophorous cercariae of Halipegus occidualis develop in rediae in the pulmonate snail, Helisoma anceps . Fully developed cercariae are shed from the snail and remain motionless on pond substrata. Manipulation of the caudal appendage by feeding microcrustaceans (copepods and ostracods) results in instantaneous eversion of the delivery tube within the cyst, through which the cercarial body is expelled into the crustacean hemocoel, wherein mesocercariae develop. Morphological and field evidence indicates that mesocercariae become metacercariae in the intestine of several species of larval odonate nymphs when they prey upon microcrustacea. The life cycle is completed when green frogs, Rana clamitans , ingest infected odonates. Phase contrast microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy reveal that the tegument of the cercarial body is covered by microvilli, but internally lacks cellular and tissue differentiation. The apical portion of the delivery tube is covered by glandular papillae and the tip possesses a spined structure. Both represent modifications facilitating penetration and anchorage of the delivery tube through the crustacean intestine. While within the cyst, the body of the cercaria appears to be in a state of anhydrobiosis, an adaptation which presumably prolongs the life of this infective stage and enhances the temporal opportunity for transmission to microcrustacean hosts.
Effect of chronic aurothioglucose treatment of rats on kidney catalase and cytochromes.

Abstract Catalase activity and cytochrome content were measured in kidneys of Fisher 344 rats injected with aurothioglucose (ATG) either daily for 3 days or 5 days a week for up to 8 wk. Catalase activity was decreased 39%, 59%, and 48% (all p p 5 was significantly increased at 3 days and 2 wk, but not at 8 wk. Microsomal heme contents decreased 44% ( p p p > 0.05) at 3 days, 2 wk, and 8 wk, respectively. The content of mitochondrial cytochromes aa 3 , b, c 1 , and c were not affected after 8 wk of ATG treatment. In vitro inhibition of the heme-containing enzyme δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase by ATG was reversible in the presence of physiological concentrations of small thiols. Although the activity of this enzyme in kidneys of ATG-treated rats was not measured, its significant inhibition in vivo by ATG appears unlikely. This study demonstrates that there were differential effects of gold on the various cytochromes and that changes in catalase activity paralleled changes in cytochrome P-450 and heme contents in the kidneys of ATG-treated rats. The findings are relevant to nephrotoxicity during chrysotherapy.
Deviatoric stressitis: A virus infecting the Earth science community

This note serves as a warning that a recently mutated virus, deviatoric stressitis, has infected many in the Earth science community. The good news is that this virus, nicknamed deveitis (dee vee' i-tis), is not lethal and its victims can hope for a complete recovery. The bad news is that deveitis has spread like wildfire and leads to great confusion about Earth stress in papers, abstracts, and discussions by any of its victims. Deveitis is easy to recognize. The most common symptom is the use of the term, deviatoric stress, in papers, abstracts, and discussions.
Alcoholism in Zuni New Mexico.

Abstract An investigation into the etiology and medical and social consequences of alcoholism among Zuni Indians in New Mexico revealed that 10% or twice the national average of the adolescent and adult population were abusive users of alcohol. A community-based rehabilitation program is proposed, involving the creation of a comprehensive Alcohol Center, closely associated with a local Public Health Service hospital. The Center would be staffed by full- and part-time members including project director, social worker, Indian medicine man, clergy, physicians, nurses, and community health representatives. Rehabilitation would be attempted through cultural understanding, vocational and occupational therapy, family therapy, education, research, better cooperation on the part of local police, a community tax to help pay for recreational facilities, better use of local resource people, and more effective use of the media.
Protection of hepatocytes against death due to mitochondrial failure: effect of di-Calciphor on antimycin A-induced toxicity.

Di-Calciphor is a synthetic derivative of prostaglandin B1 that protects against cerebral and cardiac ischemia apparently by preserving mitochondrial function. To determine whether di-Calciphor specifically protects against mitochondrial failure, we studied its effects on mitochondrial functions in hepatocytes treated with the specific mitochondrial poison, antimycin A. The results show that 1 μM di-Calciphor protects against cell death at concentrations of antimycin A that inhibited mitochondrial respiration and caused cellular ATP depletion. Di-Calciphor did not protect against loss of ATP but did protect against the loss of mitochondrial Δψ and ΔpH. In addition, di-Calciphor protected against antimycin A-induced loading of phosphate into mitochondria and an associated mitochondrial swelling. Thus, these results show that di-Calciphor protects against a specific mitochondrial poison and support the interpretation that di-Calciphor is a mitochondrial protective agent. In addition, the results suggest that the protection of the mitochondria involves preservation of mitochondrial ionic and osmotic stability and does not involve improved ATP supply.
Tensor products of modules and the rigidity of Tor

Let R be a hypersurface domain, that is, a ring of the form S/(f), where S is a regular local ring and f is a prime element. Suppose M and N are finitely generated R- modules. We prove two rigidity theorems on the vanishing of Tor. In the first theorem we assume that the regular local ring S is unramified, that M R N has finite length, and that dim(M)+dim(N) dim(R). With these assumptions, if Tor R (M,N) = 0 for some j 0, then Tor R (M,N) = 0 for all i j. The second rigidity theorem states that if M R N is reflexive, then Tor R (M,N) = 0 for all i 1. We use these theorems to prove the following theorem (valid even if S is ramified): If M R N is a maximal Cohen-Macaulay R-module, then both M and N are maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules, and at least one of them is free.
Polymerization of 70-kDa Heat Shock Protein by Yeast DnaJ in ATP

DnaK, the Escherichia coli hsp70 protein, interacts with DnaJ, a protein cofactor that appears to be involved in presenting protein substrates to DnaK. The yeast DnaJ homolog, YDJ1, has also been shown to interact with yeast hsp70, although the function of this interaction is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the interaction of YDJ1 with both yeast and bovine brain hsp70. We found that, in the presence of ATP, where hsp70 is normally monomeric, YDJ1 induced almost all of the yeast and bovine brain hsp70 to form large polymers, which are readily sedimentable. These polymers were much larger than the dimers and trimers of hsp70, which normally form in the presence of ADP. YDJ1 appeared to be acting catalytically since very little YDJ1 copolymerized with the hsp70, and maximum polymerization occurred at low ratios of YDJ1 to hsp70. The polymerization required ATP and was completely reversed when ATP was replaced by ADP. These data suggest that, in the presence of ATP, YDJ1 may present one hsp70 to another just as under other conditions DnaJ is able to present protein substrates to DnaK.
The Study of Anthracene Aerosols by Solid-State NMR and ESR

The condensed solids from three aerosols resulting from heating anthracene in a drop-tube furnace with a helium atmosphere at temperatures of 1250, 1300, and 1400 K were studied by carbon-13 solid-...
"I Just See All Children as Children": Teachers' Perceptions About Inclusion

This narrative study examined teachers’ perceptions of their inclusive classrooms. Eight early childhood teachers responded to open-ended interview questions about their experiences teaching children with and without disabilities in the same classroom environment. The social constructivist view of teaching and learning is highlighted as the teachers construct their knowledge of inclusion and how it meets the needs of children with disabilities in the inclusive environment. The following themes emerged from interview analysis: the inclusive classroom is a great place for children, the teacher needs additional education, the teacher needs support from administrators and to be included in decisions about the inclusive classroom, and positive experiences foster successful inclusive classrooms. Suggestions are offered for successful inclusive programs and future research. Key Words: Teachers’ Perceptions of Inclusion, and Support
Insurance matters for low-income adults: Results from a five-state survey

Using survey data from 2,000 low-income adult respondents in each of five states, this DataWatch assesses how uninsured, low-income adults differ from low-income adults who have public or private insurance and how Medicaid expansions have affected insurance coverage patterns across states with different eligibility policies. Findings show that the proportion of low-income uninsured adults is two to three times higher in states that have not expanded Medicaid eligibility beyond relatively low welfare levels. Compared with persons who have either Medicaid or private insurance, uninsured persons report more difficulties getting needed care, are less likely to have a regular provider, and rate the care they do receive as lower quality.
Association of oxidative stress with mortality: the Beaver Dam Eye Study.

Epidemiological studies have shown that oxidative stress is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. However, the association of oxidative stress marker with non-CVD and CVD mortality has not been extensively evaluated. The association of baseline serum 8-isoprostane (8-ISO) with all-cause, non-CVD, and CVD mortality was examined in a random subset (n = 1,753) of a population-based study of 4,926 adults (99% non-Hispanic whites; 56% women) aged 43-86 years from the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Cause of death was ascertained by death certificate between 1987 and 2002. 8-ISO was measured by immunoassay. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to estimate mortality hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by one 8-ISO standard deviation. During a median follow-up of 13.1 years, 590 (33.7%) participants died (290 CVD deaths). After adjusting for socio-demographics and CVD risk factors, 8-ISO was significantly associated with all-cause (HR = 1.1, 95% CI 1.01-1.2) and non-CVD (HR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.28) mortality but not with CVD mortality (HR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.93-1.2). When limited to participants with BMI < 25 kg/m², individuals in the highest 8-ISO quartile had approximately 34 to 36% increased risk of all-cause, non-CVD, and CVD death compared to those at the lowest quartile. In contrast, 8-ISO was not significantly associated with mortality among those with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m². These findings suggest that baseline serum 8-ISO, a marker of oxidative stress, is an independent risk factor of all-cause, non-CVD, and CVD mortality among a cohort of middle-aged adults with normal BMI.
Evidence against a role for interleukin-10 in the regulation of growth of Mycobacterium avium in human monocytes

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) inhibits intracellular Mycobacterium avium killing by cytokine-activated murine macrophages and may have a role in pathogenesis. Cytokine activities in supernatants of M. avium-infected human monocytes were maximal at 6-24 h for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and 24-48 h for IL-10. TNF-alpha and IL-10 production increased with increasing M. avium-to-monocyte infection ratios (20:1 to 200:1). TNF-alpha production by monocytes infected with smooth, domed, and opaque organisms at 200:1 exceeded that of monocytes infected with smooth, flat, and transparent M. avium (P < .01). IL-10 induction demonstrated considerable strain-to-strain variability and did not correlate with intracellular M. avium growth. IL-10 significantly inhibited TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 production by M. avium-infected monocytes. Coculturing monocytes with IL-10 after M. avium infection did not affect intracellular M. avium growth. Differential induction of TNF-alpha may be a factor in the intracellular growth of M. avium in human monocytes. IL-10, however, played no apparent role in pathogenicity in this model.
Docosahexaenoic acid in phosphatidylcholine mediates cytotoxicity more effectively than other ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids

We reported previously that docosahexaenoic acid (22:6)-containing phosphatidylcholine (PC), but not oleic acid-containing PC nor 22:6-containing phosphatidylethanolamine, is toxic to tumor cells in vitro. To test whether other polyunsaturated fatty acids share 22:6's cytotoxic activity, we treated cultured T27A murine leukemia cells with PC liposomes composed of stearic acid in the sn-1 position and alpha-linolenic acid (alpha-18:3), arachidonic acid (20:4), or eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5) in the sn-2 position. PC containing 22:6 in both positions was also tested. Following treatment, the cells were monitored for fatty acid composition, liposome uptake and viability. Here we demonstrate that cytotoxicity is unique to 22:6-containing PCs and is not shared by PCs with other polyunsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Because PCs with fatty acids other than 22:6 were taken up by cells but did not kill the cells, we propose that 22:6-containing PCs incorporated into cellular membranes produce unique changes in the membrane structure incompatible with cell survival. PC liposomes containing 22:6 are potential drug delivery vehicles that may, by virtue of their cytotoxicity, serve concomitantly as adjunct cancer therapy.
The eastern tropical Pacific as a source of 15N-enriched nitrate in seawater off southern California

Dissolved nitrate in the subsurface water (200-650 m) off southern California is unusually high in 615N compared with waters from the same depth in the central and western Pacific, which have 6r5N values similar to the deep oceans. Marc than 150 seawater samples from the sea off southern California and the North Atlantic were analyzed for the 615N of nitrate. The mean 615N (& 1 SD) of deep waters (> 1,500 m) is 5.7 40.7%. The mean iY5N in the “N-anomaly zone off southern California is 9.0*0.7%~. Maxima of 615N were found to coincide with salinity maxima, which occurred in the same isopycnal levels as the 15N-enriched denitrifying zone in the eastern tropical North Pacific (ETNP). Using the correlation between ti15N and salinity, we can show the southern California waters to be of mixed origin with the denitrifying water from the ETNP as one end member. Our observations support the notion that the oxygen-deficient waters in the eastern tropical Pacific arc important sources of 15N-enriched nitrate. Sweeney et al. (1978) studied the isotopic composition of particulate organic matter (POM) in sediments from the southern California borderland and showed that the avcrage 615N of marine organic nitrogen was higher than that of terrigenous organic nitrogen by 7%~. Wada et al. (1975) suggested that the high 615N of nitrogenous compounds in the sea, and in planktonic proteins, is mainly attributable to the isotopic composition of nitrate in seawater, which is enriched in 15N due to preferential removal of 14N03- during denitrification. Saino and Hattori (1987) reported geographic variation of the 615N value of POM and attributed the difference primarily to isotopic altcration in nitrate. This paper demonstrates geographic inhomogeneity in the nitrogen isotopic composition of nitrate and offers some explanations for the variation. The
A Theory of Financial Innovation and Monetary Substitution with an Application to a Century of Data on the M1-Income Ratio (Preliminary)

I study a DSGE model incorporating a monetary transactions technology in which a representative household invests time to improve its skill (human capital) in making transactions. The model is designed to reconcile salient short- and long-run features of the relationship between money, income, and the opportunity cost of holding money. An econometric reduced form, derived analytically, is revealing for the nature of pathologies perceived by the empirical money demand literature; particularly interesting is the possibility of a moving average root close to the unit circle. The impact elasticity of the M1-income ratio to an innovation to the opportunity cost is about 0:1, whereas the long-run response to a unit permanent shift is 1. In comparison to less parsimonious models, parametric restrictions are not rejected, and outof-sample forecasts are improved. The theory also yields implications for the – –
Exploiting and Sharing Tax Benefits: Seagram and DuPont

In April 1995, Seagram sold 156 million DuPont shares back to DuPont for $8.8 billion to finance its acquisition of MCA. Clever structuring of DuPont's redemption generated tax savings of approximately $1.8 billion for Seagram and DuPont. DuPont captured about $800 million of the total tax benefits in return for facilitating the tax‐saving structure. In spite of tax benefits of approximately $1 billion, Seagram's equity value declined by more than $2.5 billion in response to the DuPont redemption/MCA acquisition. Our analyses provide some evidence that a portion of these wealth effects are attributable to the loss of DuPont's earnings, which accounted for approximately 65 percent of Seagram's reported profits. As part of the financial accounting for the DuPont sale, Seagram recorded a $1.5 billion deferred tax liability and this financial accounting liability appears to be significantly overstated in economic terms.
Stable Transfection of the P-Glycoprotein Promoter Reproduces the Endogenous Overexpression Phenotype: The Role of MED-1

Abstract Cellular resistance to multiple chemotherapeutic agents is most often due to the overexpression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp). The mechanism(s) underlying Pgp overexpression had not been determined, due, in part, to a failure to reproduce the overexpression in transient transfection assays. We now report that stable transfection of a Pgp (pgp1) promoter/luciferase construct in the drug-sensitive Chinese hamster cell line DC-3F and its drug-resistant sublines reproduced the overexpression phenotype, with up to 18-fold higher activity observed in the resistant cell lines compared with DC-3F. Moreover, mutation of a pgp1 promoter element, multiple start site element downstream (MED-1), decreased transcription in drug-resistant cells without affecting activity in drug-sensitive cells. This is the first report of a Pgp promoter element differentially regulated in drug-resistant cells. Moreover, these data suggest that the regulation of Pgp transcription is modulated by chromatin structure, and that stable transfections may be more suitable for identifying promoter elements important for overexpression in drug-resistant cells.
Review: to bud until death: the genetics of ageing in the yeast, Saccharomyces

Individual cells of the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have a limited division capacity and undergo characteristic changes as they senesce, primarily increasing both their cell size and cell cycle time. The mortality curve for ageing yeast cells can be described by the Gompertz equation, the classical definition for an ageing population. Recent work from several laboratories has demonstrated that genes can determine the yeast lifespan. Studies with the UTH genes have implicated changes in transcriptional silencing during yeast ageing, but the roles of the RAS2, LAG1 and PHB1 genes in regulating yeast longevity are still unclear. What is becoming clearer, however, is that yeast ageing is more than just a bud scar phenomenon.
A new procedure to overlay diluted blood on ficoll-hypaque gradients

A simple procedure is described which permits rapid layering of large volumes of diluted blood onto Ficoll-Hypaque gradients with no requirement for specialized syringes, cannulas, pipettes, or support racks. In use for several years, the method is as good as, or better than, other techniques.
Rectal cancer: Preoperative versus postoperative irradiation as a component of adjuvant treatment.

Abstract The search for improved disease control and survival for resectable but high-risk rectal cancers has led to studies that combine all 3 modalities. For surgically resected, high-risk rectal cancers, postoperative chemoradiation has been shown to improve both disease control (local and distant) and survival (disease free and overall) and was recommended as standard adjuvant treatment at the 1990 National Institute of Health Colorectal Cancer Consensus Conference. Three randomized studies showed improved overall survival (OS) and local control for patients treated with postoperative irradiation and chemotherapy when compared with surgery alone or surgery plus irradiation control arms. These include 2 US trials, Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group and Mayo/North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) and a Norway trial. Although most preoperative external beam radiation trials show reductions in local relapse with the addition of preoperative EBRT to resection, only the large Swedish trial of ∼1,100 patients showed a survival improvement when compared with a surgery alone control arm for resectable primary rectal cancers. In a recent pooled analysis of 3 postoperative adjuvant rectal cancer trials (NCCTG 794751, NCCTG 864751, and GI Intergroup 0114) survival and disease relapse were dependent on both TN and NT stage of disease (N substage within T stage and T substage within N stage). Even among N2 patients (4 or more positive nodes), T substage influenced 5-year OS (T1-2, 69%; T3, 48%; and T4, 38%; P
Melatonin Prevents Death of Neuroblastoma Cells Exposed to the Alzheimer Amyloid Peptide

Studies from several laboratories have generated evidence suggesting that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The finding that the amyloid β protein (Aβ) has neurotoxic properties and that such effects are, in part, mediated by free radicals has provided insights into mechanisms of cell death in AD and an avenue to explore new therapeutic approaches. In this study we demonstrate that melatonin, a pineal hormone with recently established antioxidant properties, is remarkably effective in preventing death of cultured neuroblastoma cells as well as oxidative damage and intracellular Ca2+ increases induced by a cytotoxic fragment of Aβ. The effects of melatonin were extremely reproducible and corroborated by multiple quantitative methods, including cell viability studies by confocal laser microscopy, electron microscopy, and measurements of intracellular calcium levels. The importance of this finding is that, in contrast to conventional antioxidants, melatonin has a proposed physiological role in the aging process. Secretion levels of this hormone are decreased in aging and more severely reduced in AD. The reported phenomenon may be of therapeutic relevance in AD.
Induction of the human heat shock promoter HSP70B by nutritional stress: implications for cancer gene therapy.

Background: We designed and tested, in vitro, an adenoviral construct containing the feline interleukin-12 (IL-12) gene under control of the heat-inducible promoter HSP70B. This construct, AdhspfIL12, was used in a phase I trial in feline soft tissue sarcomas. During the course of our experiments, we noted that IL-12 was being produced in the transfected Crandell Feline Kidney (CrFK) cells under certain conditions even in the absence of hyperthermia. This observation was further explored to identify the cause of this unintended HSP70B induction. Materials and Methods: We used real-time PCR as a sensitive method to quantitatively detect the presence of even small amounts of IL-12 mRNA. This served as a surrogate indicator of HSP70B induction. Various conditions were tested to induce the heat shock promoter, including nutritional deprivation, radiation and changes in pH. Results: Nutritional stresses, specifically the absence of glucose and glutamine, could induce the heat shock promoter, thus, resulting in...
Effects of dissolved carbon dioxide, zinc, and manganese on the cadmium to phosphorus ratio in natural phytoplankton assemblages

We report the results of a field study, in productive waters off California, of the factors that control the particulate cadmium (Cd) : phosphorus (P) composition of natural assemblages of marine phytoplankton, the dominant vector of both elements to the deep ocean. Controlled shipboard incubation experiments (;2‐4 d) demonstrated that while manipulation of pCO2 and dissolved zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) concentrations had little effect on the species composition or C : nitrogen (N) : P ratios of natural, diatom-dominated phytoplankton assemblages, their Cd : P ratio was negatively correlated to each of these variables. The particulate Cd : P ratios of phytoplankton were two to five times higher for cells grown at low pCO2 than for cells acclimated to growth at pCO2 at or above atmospheric equilibrium values. Addition of Zn to incubations at five- to 20-fold above background concentrations decreased Cd uptake and phytoplankton Cd : P ratios across pCO2 and Mn treatments and suppressed short term Cd uptake rates by a factor of approximately two to four, compared to controls. A broad pattern of Mn suppression of Cd uptake was also evident in our incubations. We propose that natural variability in surface water pCO2 and dissolved Zn and Mn, related to water mass history and biological drawdown, likely govern the degree of Cd uptake and, therefore, the evolution of the dissolved Cd : PO4 ratio in recently upwelled, high-productivity surface waters.
Lack of evidence for maternal effect in familial Alzheimer's disease.

Mitochondrial defects may be involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by lowering the oxidative phosphorylation efficiency at an earlier age. To investigate the possible contribution of an inherited mitochondrial DNA defect to familial AD (FAD), we examined the Genetic Analysis Workshop (GAW) data for evidence ofmaternal transmission and the effect on the age of onset. We found no evidence in support of inherited mitochondrial defects in the GAW FAD kindreds
PathMon, a methodology for determining available bandwidth over an unknown network

Interest in measuring available bandwidth has increased in response to the need for fast, accurate, non-intrusive estimation of current network conditions. Several methods have been proposed in recent years with varying degrees of success. This paper presents the details of the algorithm and implementation of PathMon, an active probe method which requires no prior knowledge of the network and no management control over the network to provide an end-to-end measurement of available bandwidth. In comparison to other available bandwidth methods, experiments show that PathMon is more accurate, and converges more quickly with less overhead.
Prospector Leading the Search for Creative Educational Gold: An Interview With Ronald A. Beghetto

Dr. Ronald Beghetto is an international expert on creativity in educational settings. He serves as Professor of Educational Psychology in the Neag School of Education at the University of Connectic...
Valuations and Larson Orders

Throughout this chapter, G is a finite Abelian group and K is a finite extension of \(\mathcal{Q}\). R. Larson [Lar76] has constructed a collection of Hopf orders in KG that are known as Larson orders. At the core of Larson’s construction is the notion of valuations on K.
Formation of Germanides by Rapid Thermal Annealing and their Applications in Advanced Mosfet Processes

Reactions of Ti and Co films with germanium and silicon/germanium alloys using rapid thermal annealing (RTA) have been investigated for applications in advanced MOSFET processes. Studies were performed using four-point probe, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and cross sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). Samples were annealed in either Ar or N2 in order to observe the effect of RTA ambient on germanide formation. The formation of germanides occurs similarly to the formation of corresponding silicides. Resistivities of 20 – 35 μΩ-cm have been obtained at RTA temperatures below 900 °C.
The Effects of Curvature, Relaxation and Mechanical Deformation on the Electronic Properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

We present a framework based on coupling FEM/continuum method with quantum mechanical model for studying the effects of curvature, relaxation and mechanical deformation on the electronic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes. The rehybridization and curvature effects, which are important for carbon nanotubes with both rotational and helical symmetries, is incorporated in the developed coarse grained model as an extension to the Bloch’s theorem. Based on extensive studies, we report the significant contribution of curvature-induced rehybridization, relaxation effect to the finite band gaps in small radius zigzag and chiral tubes that were predicted to be metallic (mod (n-m, 3) = 0) from the graphite-based models. Our calculation indicates the significant changes in the band gaps as linear functions of the applied tensile strain with the exception of armchair tubes. Transitions from metal to semi-conductor and vice versa are observed. Similar switch in conducting behavior is also present in the twisting case, while the band structures are observed to be insensitive to the applied bending. The deformation-band gap relation obtained in this work differs significantly with prior studies that use either phenomenological relations or empirical potentials for resolving the bond geometry. These differences highlight the importance of concurrent coupling.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
The Enhancement of the Virulence of Candida Albicans in Mice

killed by the etiologic .organism, Candida albicans. Although the rabbit is extremely susceptible to infection, the use of the rabbit introduces problems relating to space, expense, and availability, where large numbers of animals are necessary. Therefore, attempts were made to produce high rates of infection and mortality in a small laboratory animal. The present report shows that uniformly successful results can be obtained in the white Swiss mouse (Rocky Mountain Laboratory strain).
Optical diagnostics investigation of wake flow fields behind geometrically modified turrets

An experimental investigation was conducted on the ow elds behind various hemisphereon-cylinder turret geometries in subsonic ow. The e ects that geometric modi cations had on the baseline ow eld were characterized to determine which designs, if any, demonstrate potential as passive ow control mechanisms. Qualitative results were obtained for each turret model using a pulse burst laser to perform three-dimensional ow visualization. Additional, quantitative measurements along the wake centerline for each design were made via planar particle image velocimetry (PIV). The results of each modi ed ow eld are presented with the baseline case for comparison. Suggested future work is also given for those designs showing the most promise as passive ow control devices.
Ratings of Attention Problems in ADHD: A Continuum

To determine whether ADHD should be classified in three distinct DSM-IV diagnostic subtypes or a continuum of attention problems, maternal ratings of attention on the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL), in Durch boys at age 7, 10, and 12 years, were fitted to class models, assuming either subtype or severity differences.
Study on Urban Residential Load Characteristics

Index system for urban residential load characteristics is put forward in this article, and methods of residential load characteristics analysis are also studied. It shows that regression analysis, interzone analysis and average method are suitable in residential load characteristics calculation and analysis. Yiwu city residential load characteristics are studied as an example.
Analysis on Trends in Emergency Control Technology of Cross-regional Interconnected Power Systems

Grid interconnection,cross-regional power transmission and intermittent energy source injection raise higher requirements for power system emergency control technology.In the light of stability problem features such as transition of stability forms during system dynamic process,complication of voltage and VAR dynamics and intensification of cross-regional impact of regional control,as well as new control equipment characteristics of fast and flexible adjustment capability,this paper presents an analysis of trends in control strategy such as use of remote regional grid information in real-time decision-making,wide-area coordination of control time sequence,coordination of stability control systems and so on.It is also pointed out that capability of control devices should be further enhanced in such aspects as countermeasures against uncertainties of control signal transmission time delay due to network communication,wide-area time sequence coordination,integration of event triggered feed-forward control and response triggered feedback control,and so on.
PSB and DFP Methods for Solving Non-differentiable Equations

If the function F:Rn→Rn is local Lipschitz continuous and semi-smooth, q-linear convergence of PSB and DFP methods form solving non-differentiable equation F(x) =0 is discussed. Furthermore, if F(x) is B -differentiable at a solution x * of F(x) =0 and BF(x* ) is symmetric nonsingular (BF(x* ) is symmetric positive definite for DFP method), q-superlinear convergence is proven for PSB and DFP methods.
Medicaid Expansion: A Tale of Two Governors

This is a study of why two seemingly similar governors made divergent decisions on expanding Medicaid under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). Performing a case study of Governors John Kasich (OH) and Scott Walker (WI), I explore the roles played by electoral pressures, political party, governor's ideology, the state's policy heritage, stakeholder advocacy, and the economy in each governor's decision about whether to expand Medicaid. Electoral pressure was the most significant factor for both governors. I demonstrate that even Walker succumbed to state electoral pressures and expanded Medicaid, albeit in a manner unique to Wisconsin. He did this despite his emphatic national rhetoric rejecting Obamacare and expansion. Additionally, existing state political institutions drove each governor to decide in a manner unique to his state: previous Medicaid decisions in Wisconsin and direct democracy in Ohio provided additional pressures and divergent starting points. The remaining factors served less as a driving force behind the decision and more as a frame to justify the decision ex post facto. Case studies allow for a more complex view of how political pressures fit together; differences can be explained and expanded, and an enhanced understanding of political processes can be gleaned.
Optimizing the process efficiency of atomic layer deposition of alumina for its sustainability improvement: a combined experimental and modeling study

Abstract Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) technology has been under rapid development toward a broad array of applications, while the low deposition efficiency and heavy waste of TMA are limiting its industrial-scale applications. In this paper, a mathematical model is developed based on an experimental ALD of alumina process, and an optimization approach is then proposed to investigate the optimal ALD operating for the minimum TMA wastes and the maximum Al2O3 production under various conditions. Results show that the maximum TMA adsorption and alumina production cannot be achieved simultaneously, but sufficient H2O dosing can minimize the gap between them. The influence of substrate surface saturation condition and operating temperature is also investigated. Results quantitatively show that lower surface saturation condition requires more ALD cycles to improve the precursors' utilization efficiency, while the optimal ALD process can increase the maximum alumina production from2.7 × 10−4 mol/m2 to 7.5 × 10−4 mol/m2 with the temperature rise from 150 °C to 200 °C. Besides, it is found that the maximum production of both |-Al(CH3)2 and alumina is influenced by their corresponding half-cycle duration, and sufficient treatment time can significantly improve the ALD process efficiency and reduce the total TMA waste. These insights into the minimum TMA waste and maximum production of surface products can guide the future design of ALD of alumina process with better efficiency and sustainability.
Immunotherapy with interleukin 2 with or without lymphokine-activated killer cells after autologous bone marrow transplantation for malignant lymphoma : a feasibility trial

Early relapse remains a major challenge after autologous bone marrow transplant for malignant lymphoma (ML). It is postulated that consolidative immunotherapy with interleukin 2 (IL-2) with or without lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells administered after autologous bone marrow (ABMT) or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) for ML might eradicate residual disease and reduce relapse rates. A previous trial identified an IL-2 regimen that could be administered early after ABMT. This paper presents the clinical results of 16 patients with ML, who participated in a study to determine whether LAK cells could be administered after ABMT with this IL-2 regimen, as well as 6 patients who received IL-2 alone after ABMT or PBSCT. Seventeen patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and 5 with Hodgkin's disease (HD), underwent ABMT (20 patients) or PBSCT (2 patients). At the time of transplantation, 7 patients were in untreated or chemotherapy-sensitive first relapse, 3 were in CR2, and 12 were beyond CR2. Beginning 22-85 days (median 43) after ABMT/PBSCT, patients received IL-2 at 3.0 x 10(6) U/m2/day by continuous infusion days 1-5 of the IL-2 protocol. On protocol days 7-9 the first 16 patients underwent apheresis for LAK cell generation. The cells were cultured in IL-2 for 5 days and were infused on days 12-14. Low-dose IL-2 (0.9 x 10(6) IU/m2/day) was administered on days 12-21 in the outpatient department. Patients received a median of 148 (62-279) x 10(9) LAK cells. LAK cell infusions were associated with transient fevers, chills and dyspnea in most patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Maternal prenatal fish consumption and cognition in mid childhood: Mercury, fatty acids, and selenium

Abstract Background Few studies of maternal prenatal fish intake have included biomarkers of exposure to mercury, long-chain n-3 fatty acids, and selenium, which are hypothesized to mediate associations with child neurodevelopment. Objectives Examine associations of maternal prenatal fish intake with child neurodevelopment accounting for biomarkers. Methods In 1999–2002 we enrolled pregnant women into the Project Viva cohort. At median 27.9 weeks gestation, we estimated maternal fish intake using food frequency questionnaires, and collected blood. We assayed erythrocytes for total mercury and selenium, and plasma for fatty acids including n-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). In mid-childhood (median 7.7 years), we administered cognitive tests including the Kauffman Brief Intelligence Test (KBIT). We performed multivariable linear regression analyses adjusting for maternal and child characteristics including home environment and maternal intelligence. Results Among 1068 pairs (872 with blood), mean (SD) exposures were: maternal fish intake 1.7 (1.5) servings/week, mercury 4.0 (3.6) ng/g, DHA + EPA 98.4 (41.8) mcg/ml, selenium 205.6 (34.6) ng/ml. Child KBIT verbal scores (mean 112.2, SD 15.0) were not related to any exposures: maternal fish intake (0.15; 95% CI: − 0.50, 0.79), mercury (0.08; − 0.18, 0.35), DHA + EPA (0.01; − 0.22, 0.24), and selenium (0.20; − 0.09, 0.50). Associations with KBIT nonverbal scores and tests of memory and visual motor abilities were similarly null. Mutual adjustment for each of the exposure measures did not substantially change estimates. Conclusions In this population with an average fish consumption of about 1 1/2 weekly servings, we did not see any evidence for an association of maternal prenatal fish intake, or of mercury, DHA + EPA, or selenium status, with verbal or non-verbal intelligence, visual motor function, or visual memory at median 7.7 years of age.
Diabetic ketoacidosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus--pathophysiology and clinical presentation.

Although diabetic ketoacidosis is considered a key clinical feature of type 1 diabetes mellitus, this phenomenon has become increasingly common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The authors of this Viewpoint examine the diagnostic criteria, precipitating causes, and pathogenesis of diabetic ketoacidosis associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
TOPOGRAPHIC INFLUENCES ON COASTAL CIRCULATION: A REVIEW

Submarine canyons are major topographic features of the continental shelf at its seaward edge. Canyons on narrow shelves have their heads very close to the beach, whereas others may be 100 km or more offshore. In addition, some canyons connect with glacial troughs or shelf channels (from earlier subaerial erosion) which extend entirely across the shelf and intersect major estuaries. Observations of flow in canyons were first made in the late 1930’s (Stetson, 1937; Shephard et al., 1939). Subsequent observations have focused on the role of submarine canyons in sediment transport. Excellent reviews of this work have described processes in canyons on the southern California coast (Inman et al., 1976), the northeast U.S. coast (Keller and Shephard, 1978) and a large variety of shelves worldwide (Shephard et al., 1979). Thus, our discussion of this work is limited to noting briefly that the dominant processes causing sediment movement in those studies appeared to be gravity waves and winds in shallower canyons and tides and internal waves in deeper canyons. Also, the east coast canyons primarily transported fine-grain sediments, whereas the California canyons were very active in transporting coarse-grained sediment. Most of the observations supporting these conclusions, however, were limited to a few days duration.
The Three Threats of Organizational Action Research

This chapter presents and discusses three main threats inherent in organizational action research, called “uncontrollability”, “contingency”, and “subjectivity”; and three methodological countermeasures (or “antidotes”) to deal with these three action research threats, called “unit of analysis”, “grounded theory”, and “multiple iterations”. Both the threats and the antidotes are discussed in the context of a real information systems action research study that investigated the impact of computer support on the success of group-based business process improvement attempts.
Dielectrically isolated lateral high voltage P-i-N rectifiers for power ICs

Lateral DI and JI P-i-N rectifiers with breakdown voltages up to 600 V have been fabricated by using the RESURF principle. The reverse recovery times for the DI rectifiers were measured to be much smaller than those in JI devices, which two-dimensional numerical simulation shows to be due to elimination of injection into the substrate. This injection is also responsible for a parasitic steady state substrate current in JI devices, which is absent in DI devices. The DI rectifiers were observed to have a positive temperature coefficient for the on-state voltage drop as compared with a negative temperature coefficient observed for JI devices. The variation in breakdown voltage with substrate bias in DI devices was found to depend upon whether the breakdown was determined by the vertical or lateral electric field. >