cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Pedestrian Indoor Navigation System Using Deep-Learning-Aided Cellular Signals and ZUPT-Aided Foot-Mounted IMUs

A signal-sensor-based indoor pedestrian navigation system is developed. The proposed system: (i) utilizes a foot-mounted inertial navigation system (INS), in which the accumulated errors are mitigated via a zero velocity update (ZUPT) approach and (ii) exploits opportunistically cellular long-term evolution (LTE) signals in a deep neural network (DNN)-based synthetic aperture navigation (SAN) framework, in which the pedestrian’s motion is utilized to suppress multipath-induced errors. The proposed DNN-SAN-LTE-ZUPT-INS (DUALS) indoor pedestrian navigation system utilizes the complementary the desirable characteristics of both subsystems, coupled via two architectures: (a) loosely-coupled and (b) tightly-coupled. This paper designs and assesses both architectures experimentally in an indoor environment. The experimental study demonstrates a pedestrian traversing a trajectory of 600m in 14 minutes, including a stationary period of 85 seconds with a shoe-mounted inertial measurement unit (IMU) while receiving signals from 4 LTE base stations (also known as evolved node B (eNodeB)). The proposed tightly-coupled DUALS system exhibited a 3-D position root mean-squared error (RMSE) of 1.34 cm, outperforming the loosely-coupled DUALS, ZUPT-aided INS, and LTE-DNN-SAN which achieved a position RMSE of 1.38, 1.49, and 1.97 m, respectively.
Variations in life expectancy in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries – 1985–2010:

Aim: We examined the impact of different behavioral factors of health on the variations in the levels and rate of increase in life expectancy in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries between 1985 and 2010. Methods: Using the World Health Organization’s conceptual framework of socio-economic determinants of health, we incorporated Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, World Bank and United Nations data to estimate the impact of these variables on life expectancy for 30 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. We used a random effect model to control the fixed effect of year and each country. Results: Results show that the level of health care spending is the most important factor predicting life expectancy. Other important factors are gross domestic product per capita, labor productivity, years of schooling and percentage of gross domestic product spending allocated for public services. Life expectancy was reduced by smoking and higher d...
Power-efficient injection-locked oscillator for biomedical telemetry applications

A low-voltage low-power injection-locked RF oscillator using a self-cascode structure and body terminal coupling is reported. A self-cascode structure facilitates higher resistance in each conducting path and helps achieve low-power operation without degrading the voltage headroom. Body terminal coupling provides injection-locking without appreciably increasing the power consumption. The proposed oscillator fabricated in 0.18 µm RF CMOS process can operate with a supply voltage as low as 0.9 V and consumes only 1.161 mW of power for 1.30 GHz operating frequency. Relatively low power consumption makes the design highly suitable for low-power transmitter applications.
Biochemical and biophysical analyses of Ras modification by ubiquitin.

Abstract Ras proteins are small GTPases that play key roles in the regulation of several cellular processes such as growth, differentiation, and transformation. Although Ras signaling was thought to occur uniformly on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, a growing body of evidence indicates that Ras activation happens dynamically within defined plasma membrane microdomains and at other specific intracellular compartments, thus ensuring the generation of distinct signal outputs. Yet the mechanisms that control the spatiotemporal segregation of Ras proteins remain poorly characterized. We have recently shown that the differential modification of Ras proteins by ubiquitination is a crucial factor that controls Ras intracellular trafficking and signaling potential. To better understand the process of Ras ubiquitination, it is important to establish assays that not only provide information about the nature of the ubiquitin modification involved, but also enable the monitoring of the dynamics of this process. In this chapter, we will describe biochemical and biophysical methodologies, namely immunoprecipitation, nickel‐chelate affinity chromatography, and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), for monitoring the ubiquitination of Ras proteins. Although the description focuses on Ras, the assays described can in principle be applied to the study of a range of proteins of interest that may be subject to ubiquitination, and the use of the different methods in parallel should provide new insights into the nature and dynamics of protein ubiquitination.
Parallel Query Processing

In this chapter, we have examined the various issues and techniques encountered in parallel query processing. The methods used to exploit query parallelism are divided into three categories: namely intra- operator, inter- operator, and inter- query parallelism. We have concentrated on join operations because they are the most expensive operations to execute, especially with the increases in database size and query complexity. In intra-operator parallelism, the major issue is task creation, where the objective is to split a operation into tasks so that the load can be spread evenly across a given number of processors. In the presence of data skew in the join attribute, naive range splitting or hashing does not suffice to balance the load. Inter-operator parallelism can be achieved either through parallel execution of independent operations or through pipelining. In either case, the major issues are the join sequence selection and processor allocation for each operation. Join sequence selection determines the precedence relations among the operations. For inter-query parallelism, the issue again is processor allocation, but now among the multiple queries. We explored query parallelism based on a hierarchical approach under a unified framework, so that potential integration of the techniques used to address each type of parallelism could be illustrated.
Effect of alvimopan on return of bowel function after robot-assisted radical cystectomy

Abstract Introduction: Alvimopan has been shown to improve time to return of bowel function in patients undergoing bowel resection. The objective of this study is to determine if alvimopan has similar benefits for patients undergoing robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC). Materials and Methods: All RARC cases were reviewed from January 2008 to March 2012. All patients during this time were administered alvimopan unless they had been receiving narcotics preoperatively. Patients receiving alvimopan received a preoperative dose of 12 mg perorally and then were dosed twice daily for 7 days or until first bowel movement. Clinicopathologic outcomes were summarized and compared, and functional outcomes of treated patients were compared with outcomes of untreated patients. Results: One hundred seventeen RARCs meeting study criteria were performed. All urinary diversions used an extracorporeal approach. Urinary diversions consisted of 50 Studer neobladders, 22 Indiana pouches, and 45 ileal conduits. Fifty-four ...
A Review of “Sacred Terror: How Faith Becomes Lethal”

The connection between religious fervor and terrorist activity is a fascinating and important topic, and one that has been the subject of intense interest in recent decades, particularly in the ele...
What Did Inflation Accounting Tell Us

Financial statements for the period 1977–1983 are reconstructed for a sample of 50 large manufacturing firms using replacement cost (or current cost) data provided by ASR 190 and FASB 33, and market (or fair) values of long-term debt and preferred stock. As expected, these data confirm that historical cost accounting overstates profitability during a period of rising prices. These data also indicate that historical cost–based financial ratios often grossly misrepresent the relative financial strengths of firms. Financial analysis conducted on the assumption that the biases induced by historical cost accounting are similar across firms is likely to lead to false conclusions regarding financial strengths and weaknesses.
Challenges of Sustainable Urban Development: The Case of Umoja 1 Residential Community in Nairobi City, Kenya

Ineffective planning and implementation problems of urban residential plan in Umoja 1 have undermined the development of sustainable and livable urban community in line with the principles of affordable housing for eco-cities. Consequently, ex post measures designed to guide urban planning and implementation in the community have failed. Multi-story apartments are built in the community although these are not provided for in Umoja 1 residential comprehensive development plan. The project has failed to achieve its objective of building sustainable residential community due to several problems. For one, the planned capacity of roads and streets, water supply and sewerage disposal facilities can no longer cope with the new developments and/or those that result from unauthorized alterations of the original semi-detached units. Poor maintenance has degraded the roads and streets while social spaces are allocated and developed into private property. Chronic water shortage and periodic sewerage spills are common malaise in the community. Overstretched water supply and poor sewerage disposal systems have also exacerbated the problem. All these problems have severely altered the physical, ecological and social character of the community. Lack of consultation and participation of affected interest groups in implementation is one of the factors that have undermined sustainable urban development in the community. This chapter examines Umoja 1 residential plan and the challenges of plan implementation process. It focuses on factors that undermine sustainable development from eco-city perspective.
Cutting Edge: Identification of Autoreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Subsets Resistant to PD-1 Pathway Blockade

Programmed death-1 (PD-1) promotes T cell tolerance. Despite therapeutically targeting this pathway for chronic infections and tumors, little is known about how different T cell subsets are affected during blockade. We examined PD-1/PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) regulation of self-antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells in autoimmune-susceptible models. PD-L1 blockade increased insulin-specific effector CD4 T cells in type 1 diabetes. However, anergic islet-specific CD4 T cells were resistant to PD-L1 blockade. Additionally, PD-L1 was critical for induction, but not maintenance, of CD8 T cell intestinal tolerance. PD-L1 blockade enhanced functionality of effector T cells, whereas established tolerant or anergic T cells were not dependent on PD-1/PD-L1 signaling to remain unresponsive. This highlights the existence of Ag-experienced T cell subsets that do not rely on PD-1/PD-L1 regulation. These findings illustrate how positive treatment outcomes and autoimmunity development during PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition are linked to the differentiation state of a T cell.
Actions from thoughts

Real-time direct interfaces between the brain and electronic and mechanical devices could one day be used to restore sensory and motor functions lost through injury or disease. Hybrid brain–machine interfaces also have the potential to enhance our perceptual, motor and cognitive capabilities by revolutionizing the way we use computers and interact with remote environments.
Atmospheric transmission for cesium DPAL using TDLAS

The cesium (Cs) Diode Pumped Alkali Laser (DPAL) operates near 894 nm, in the vicinity of atmospheric water vapor absorption lines. An open-path Tunable Diode Laser Absorption (TDLAS) system composed of narrow band (~300 kHz) diode laser fiber coupled to a 12" Ritchey-Chretien transmit telescope has been used to study the atmospheric transmission characteristics of Cs DPALs over extended paths. The ruggedized system has been field deployed and tested for propagation distances of greater than 1 km. By scanning the diode laser across many free spectral ranges, many rotational absorption features are observed. Absolute laser frequency is monitored with a High Finesse wavemeter to an accuracy of less than 10 MHz. Phase sensitive detection is employed with an absorbance of less than 1% observable under field conditions.
Simulations of Denatured Protein Ensembles Reproduce and Rationalize Experimental Observations of Persistent Contacts Between Residues Distal in Protein Sequence

Interactions in protein denatured state ensembles (DSE) influence protein stability and folding kinetics. Characterization of DSE is difficult because of the underlying conformational heterogeneity. Recent paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) measurements show evidence for persistent non-local interactions in the N-terminal domain of ribosomal protein L9 (NTL9) under strongly denaturing conditions. Surprisingly, these contacts between residues distal in sequence prevail despite the lack of detectable secondary structure and evidence that the protein samples significantly expanded conformations. We present results from computational thermal unfolding studies on the NTL9 protein to provide an explanation for the observed long-range contacts. The simulations are based on the ABSINTH implicit solvation model and utilize efficient Monte Carlo methods for conformational sampling. We identify a temperature range that yields ensembles consistent with the experimental data as inferred by direct, quantitative comparison of experimental observables from simulation results to experimental data. We refer to these ensembles as TD-ensembles which were generated without any a priori knowledge of the experimental data and analyze these ensembles to provide a quantitative interpretation of experimental results. Persistent non-local contacts are made throughout the NTL9 DSE without appreciable secondary structure; the most significant being relatively low-likelihood hydrophobic clusters and contacts between the N-terminal and central portion of NTL9. Our results explain how the average dimensions of denatured proteins conform to the statistics of self-avoiding random walks despite sampling conformations with low likelihoods of long-range contacts.
Modification of leech behavior following foraging for artificial blood

In this study we examined whether the foraging for artificial blood affected the behavioral responsiveness of leeches to electrical stimulation of the body wall. After foraging for artificial blood, electrical stimulation of the posterior end of the leech significantly increased the percentage of stimulation trials that elicited locomotory activity—swimming and crawling—compared to the behaviors elicited when leeches did not forage or foraged for normal saline. On the other hand, shortening always dominated the behavioral profile of the leech to anterior stimulation even after foraging for artificial blood. In intact anterior end-isolated nerve cord preparations, we also found that application of artificial blood to the intact anterior end was sufficient to modify motor responsiveness to DP nerve stimulation. Full strength artificial blood had an overall negative effect on the likelihood of DP nerve stimulation initiating swimming and on the average length of elicited swim episodes compared to when pond water surrounded the anterior end. Application of a 10% solution of artificial blood to the anterior end led to an increase in the likelihood of DP nerve stimulation eliciting swimming.
State‐to‐state V–T transfer in HgBr(B 2Σ): A comparison with information theoretic predictions

The collisional relaxation of the vibrational distribution of HgBr(B 2Σ) molecules following initial laser excitation of the v=52 vibrational level has been monitored with observations of the HgBr(B 2Σ–X 2Σ) fluorescence. Spectral simulation methods, developed in previous studies of the nascent vibrational distributions of HgBr(B 2Σ) photofragment molecules, were used for the determination of vibrational state populations. State populations were measured for various degrees of relaxation as the pressure of chaperone molecules, He, Ne, Ar, Xe, and N2, was progressively increased. An exponential temporal decay characterizes the V–T relaxation of vibrational energy for each buffer gas. A single parameter, the exponential decay time for global V–T relaxation, is all that is required for an information theoretic synthesis of the entire detailed matrix of state‐to‐state V–T energy transfer probabilities. The computed V–T relaxation of the vibrational distribution, based on the a priori information theoretic pre...
Active sites of diacylglycerol kinase from Escherichia coli are shared between subunits.

We show that residues from different subunits participate in forming the active site of the trimeric membrane protein diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) from Escherichia coli. Five likely active-site muta...
The shear viscosities of common water models by non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations

We have performed non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to simulate the shear viscosity of five commonly used water models, SPC, SPC/E, TIP3P, TIP4P and TIP5P, using the periodic perturbation method. By comparing the computed viscosities of the water models, we find that the viscosities of SPC/E and TIP5P are in better agreement with the experimental value than the others. Furthermore, we have systematically investigated the effects of system size, acceleration amplitude, electrostatic treatment and cut-off length on the viscosities of the SPC/E and TIP5P models. Finally, by simulating the viscosity of water as a function of temperature, our work suggests that the SPC/E and TIP5P models reasonably reproduce the water viscosity vs. temperature experimental profile from 283 to 373 K at 1 bar, although SPC/E gives a better viscosity at high temperatures and TIP5P reproduces closer viscosity values at low temperatures.
Parenting Attitudes of Asian Indian Mothers Living in the United States and in India

This study compared the parenting attitudes of Asian Indian mothers living in the United States with those living in India. Fifty seven mothers participated in the study (Living in the United States=23, Living in India=34). The parenting attitudes of the mothers were measured using the Adolescent-Adult Parenting Inventory (AAPI, Bavolek, 1984). The AAPI has four subscales: (a) Reversing Parent-Child Family Roles, (b) Lack of Empathic Awareness of Children's Needs, (c) Inappropriate Developmental Expectations of Children, and (d) Strong Parental Beliefs in the Use of Corporal Punishment. A one-way (2: country of domicile) ANOVA showed significant differences in the mothers' attitudes about inappropriate expectations for their children {F(1,55)=10.24, p h 0.002}, the use of corporal punishment {F(1,55)=6.423, p h 0.007}, and role reversal {F(1,55)=4.63, p h 0.03}. Post hoc analysis indicated that the Asian Indian mothers living in the United States had lower inappropriate expectations and tended not to reve...
Teaching the Chinese language to heritage versus non-heritage learners: parents' perceptions of a community weekend school in the United States

This article presents results of a study on a weekend Chinese community school in a mid-Atlantic state that looks at parents' perceptions of the challenges the school faced in teaching Chinese to heritage versus non-heritage learners. Survey and qualitative interviews with parents show differences in their expectations regarding teacher communication and teaching style, and an increasing call to incorporate cultural practices into the curriculum and language learning process. These changes not only helped self-identified non-heritage learners achieve identification with the ethnic group, heritage learners who experienced ethnic ambivalence were also drawn back through increased pride and enjoyment in their heritage.
VASCULITIS AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: Historical Perspective and Overview

Remarkable progress has been made in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of vasculitis of the peripheral and central nervous system (PNS and CNS). This article presents an overview of vasculitis of the nervous system, the subject of this issue and as a background for the articles that follow.
Air analysis using tenax collection with jet-separator enrichment and ion trap mass spectrometric analysis.

A dual adsorbent trap inlet system has been developed for an ion trap mass spectrometer (ITMS) to provide a rapid and sensitive system for screening of volatile organic compounds in air. The system employs three stages of concentration: preconcentration on an adsorbent Tenax trap, focusing in a cryogenic collection trap, and jet separator enrichment immediately prior to analysis by ITMS. Ten minute integrated samples are collected and analyzed immediately. The detection limit is 0. 9 parts-per-trillion by volume (pptrv) based on toluene as the analyte, and the reproducibility is 2% or better. Ambient air was analyzed for toluene on April 4, 1996 in Los Alamos, New Mexico, and concentrations ranged from 11–158 pptrv.
Quantification of hepatic iron with CT and MRI: practical considerations.

The diagnostic efficacy of magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) for detection and quantification of hepatic iron was assessed in a series of patients under investigation for clinical or biochemical evidence of hepatic iron overload. Thirty patients underwent MR imaging (SE 30,60/1000 or SE 30,60/2000) at 0.5 Tesla with calculation of hepatic T2 and liver to paraspinous muscles signal intensity ratios. Twenty-nine patients also had measurement of hepatic attenuation on noncontrast CT images. Results of these imaging studies were correlated in all patients with quantitative iron determination from liver biopsy specimens. The best predictor of liver iron among parameters studied was the ratio of the signal intensities of liver and paraspinous muscle (L/M) on a SE 60/1000 sequence. Both MR using L/M ratios and CT were sensitive methods for detection of severe degrees of hepatic iron overload with 100% of patients with hepatic iron on biopsy > 600 μg/100 mg liver dry weight detected on the basis of L/M 70 Hounsfield units (HU). The MR parameter, however, was more specific than CT (100 vs 50%) and showed a higher degree of correlation with quantitated hepatic iron from biopsy. T2 measurements showed poor correlation with hepatic iron, due to difficulty in obtaining precise T2 measurements in vivo when the signal intensity is low. None of the parameters utilized was sensitive for detecting mild or moderate degrees of hepatic iron overload. We conclude that MR and CT are sensitive techniques for noninvasive detection of severe hepatic iron overload, with MR providing greater specificity than CT. Lesser degrees of iron deposition, however, may go undetected by our current imaging techniques.
Reactions of coordinated molecules XXIII. The preparation of several metallaβ-diketonate complexes of boron☆

Abstract When the metalla-β-diketone molecules, [cis-(OC)4Re(CH3CO)(RCO)]H (where R is methyl, isopropyl or benzyl) and [(C5H5)(OC)Fe(CH3CO)(RCO)]H (where R is methyl or isopropyl), are treated with anhydrous trigonal boron compounds of the type BX2Y (where X is a halogen and Y is either halogen or phenyl)the corresponding (metalla-β-diketonato)B(X)(Y) complexes are formed. Twelve such complexes are reported. Also, when the mangana-acetylacetonate anion, [cis-(OC)4Mn(CH3CO)2]Li, is treated with gaseous BF3, the corresponding (mangana-acetylacetonato)BF2 complexe is formed. The preparation, characterization and chemical reactivitiy of these complexes are discussed.
Performance analysis of a pancake absorber-helical heat exchanger for a solar concentrator

The performance of a pancake absorber with helical heat exchanger tube for use with point focus solar concentrating collectors is analyzed taking into account the nonuniform radiation intensity on the absorber. The optimum area of the absorber heat exchanger is predicted to be 30% greater than when uniform radiation is assumed, and the absorber heat exchanger can be made even larger without significantly penalizing the optimum performance of the solar collector. Significant additional energy losses do not occur because most of the heat losses occur at the hot center of the absorber, so that adding cooler outside area does not contribute greatly to total losses. These observations may be extrapolated to the absorber heat exchangers of other types of point and line focus collectors.
Targeting the Estrogen Receptor with Metal-carbonyl Derivatives of Estradiol

As part of our program to develop new probes for the estrogen receptor binding domain, we prepared and evaluated a novel 17α-(rhenium tricarbonyl bipyridyl) vinyl estradiol complex. Preparation of the final compound was achieved using the Stille coupling between the preformed brominated rhenium tricarbonyl bipyridine complex and the tributylstannyl vinyl estradiol. Competitive receptor binding assays and stimulatory assays demonstrated that the final complex retained affinity and efficacy comparable to the corresponding pyridyl vinyl estradiol analog, but lower than that of the phenyl vinyl estradiol analog.
Effects of maternal depression on social interactions

We estimate the effects of a shock in mental health — postpartum depression — on the mother’s social interactions 1–3 years after her child’s birth. We address the potential endogeneity of depression by establishing the temporal ordering of events, incorporating rich control variables, conducting falsification tests, and estimating two-stage models. We find no evidence that postpartum depression affects social interactions — as characterized by participation in various types of community organizations and regular religious attendance — during the child’s third year of life, although it may cause a short-lived decline in social interactions in the first year.
The Pursuit of Peace and the Crisis of Israeli Identity: Defending/Defining the Nation

The Pursuit of Peace and the Crisis of Israeli Identity: Defending/Defining the Nation. By Dov Waxman. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. 264p. $69.95. Studies of Israel's foreign policy have been dominated by realist perspectives, emphasizing a hostile and anarchic international environment as the key determinant of its policies. Even perceptual and psychological interpretations of its policies—relying principally on the perceptions of decision makers—emphasized how these factors shaped their worldviews and affected policy choices. A growing number of studies, however, offer new interpretations of the factors and processes that shaped Israeli security and foreign policy over time, focusing on the social structure of its society or on the use of a foreign and security siege mentality as an instrument of political control and socialization.
Photo-oxidation of low-volatility organics found in motor vehicle emissions: production and chemical evolution of organic aerosol mass.

Recent research has proposed that low-volatility organic vapors are an important class of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors. Mixtures of low-volatility organics were photo-oxidized in a smog chamber under low- and high-NOx conditions. Separate experiments addressed emission surrogates (diesel fuel and motor oil) and single components (n-pentacosane). Both diesel fuel and motor oil are major components of exhaust from diesel engines. Diesel fuel is a complex mixture of intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs), whereas motor oil is a complex mixture of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). IVOCs exist exclusively in the vapor phase, while SVOCs exist in both the aerosol and vapor phase. Oxidation of SVOC vapors (motor oil and n-pentacosane) creates substantial SOA, but this SOA is largely offset by evaporation of primary organic aerosol (POA). The net effect is a cycling or pumping of SVOCs between the gas and particle phases, which creates more oxygenated organic aerosol (OA) but little...
Network-based pathway enrichment analysis

Finding out the associations between an input gene set, such as genes associated with a certain phenotype, and annotated gene sets, such as known pathways, are a very important problem in modern molecular biology. The existing approaches mainly focus on the overlap between the two, and may miss important but subtle relationships between genes. In this paper, we propose a method, NetPEA, by combining the known pathways and high-throughput networks. Our method not only considers the shared genes, but also takes the gene interactions into account. It utilizes a protein-protein interaction network and a random walk procedure to identify hidden relationships between gene sets, and uses a randomization strategy to evaluate the significance for pathways to achieve such similarity scores. Compared with the over-representation based method, our method can identify more relationships. Compared with a state of the art network-based method, EnrichNet, our method not only provides a ranked list of pathways, but also provides the statistical significant information. Importantly, through independent tests, we show that our method likely has a higher sensitivity in revealing the true casual pathways, while at the same time achieve a higher specificity. Literature review of selected results indicates that some of the novel pathways reported by our method are biologically relevant and important.
Effect of amphetamine on the swimming endurance of rats

Abstract Low doses (1.25–5 mg kg ) of amphetamine (both (+)- and (−)-isomer) were ineffective in influencing the swimming time of rats to exhaustion. Higher doses of amphetamine (10–20 mg kg ), however, increased significantly the swimming time; (+)- and (−)-isomers of amphetamine were equipotent in enhancing the swimming time. (±)-Amphetamine also caused improvement in the swimming endurance but its effect was slightly less than that elicited by either of the two isomers.
Schlüssel zum Öffnen photolabiler, metallhaltiger Käfige

Photolabile metallhaltige Kafige sind Metallkomplexe, die bei Bestrahlung mit Licht geeigneter Wellenlange eine Veranderung der Koordinationsumgebung erfahren. Dabei kann entweder der verkapselnde Ligand allein oder der gesamte Metallkomplex photoresponsiv sein. Die veranderten Koordinationseigenschaften photoresponsiver Komplexe konnen mehrere Auswirkungen haben: eine Freisetzung des koordinierten Metallions in seine Umgebung, eine veranderte Reaktivitat des Metallzentrums oder die Abspaltung eines reaktiven Molekuls, das zuvor durch Bindung an das Metallzentrum passiviert war. Diese photoaktivierbaren Systeme konnen von Nutzen sein, um die Bioverfugbarkeit von Metallen oder ihren koordinierenden Liganden fur das Studium biologischer Reaktionspfade oder fur mogliche therapeutische Zwecke zu manipulieren.
Temporoparietal atrophy: A marker of AD pathology independent of clinical diagnosis

Alzheimer's disease (AD) can present with non-amnestic clinical syndromes. We investigated whether there is an imaging signature of AD pathology in these atypical subjects. We identified 14 subjects that had pathological AD, a non-amnestic presentation (i.e. atypical AD), and MRI. These subjects were matched to 14 with clinical and pathological AD (i.e. typical AD), 14 with the same non-amnestic presentations with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) pathology, and 20 controls. Voxel-based morphometry and region-of-interest (ROI) analysis were used to assess patterns of grey matter loss. Loss was observed in the temporoparietal cortex in both typical and atypical AD, and showed significantly greater loss than FTLD. However, the medial temporal lobes were more severely affected in typical AD and FTLD compared to atypical AD. A ratio of hippocampal and temporoparietal volumes provided excellent discrimination of atypical AD from FTLD subjects. Temporoparietal atrophy may therefore provide a useful marker of the presence of AD pathology even in subjects with atypical clinical presentations, especially in the context of relative sparing of the hippocampus.
MICRO/NANOMECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ULTRATHIN AMORPHOUS CARBON COATINGS

Micro/nanomechanical and tribological characterization of ultrathin amorphous carbon coatings, deposited by filtered cathodic arc (FCA), direct ion beam (IB), electron cyclotron resonance plasma chemical vapor deposition (ECR-CVD), and sputter (SP) deposition processes on Si substrate have been conducted using a nanoindenter with a nanoscratch attachment and an accelerated ball-on-flat tribometer. Coating thicknesses of 20, 10, 5 nm and, for the first time, 3.5 nm coatings have been investigated. It was found the FCA coating exhibits the highest hardness and elastic modulus, followed by the ECR-CVD, IB, and SP coatings. In general, the thicker coatings exhibited better scratch/wear performance than the thinner coatings due to their better load-carrying capacity as compared to the thinner coatings. At 20 nm, the FCA and ECR-CVD coatings show the best scratch and wear resistance, while the IB and ECR-CVD coatings show the best scratch and wear resistance at 10 nm. Five nanometer thick coatings show reasonable scratch and wear resistance, while 3.5 nm thick coatings show extremely low load-carrying capacity and poor scratch and wear resistance. It appears that the 3.5 nm coatings studied are unfeasible for scratch and wear resistance applications as of now.
Nrf1 is targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane by an N-terminal transmembrane domain. Inhibition of nuclear translocation and transacting function.

Expression of antioxidant and phase 2 xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme genes is regulated through cis-acting sequences known as antioxidant response elements. Transcriptional activation through the antioxidant response elements involves members of the CNC (Cap `n' Collar) family of basic leucine zipper proteins including Nrf1 and Nrf2. Nrf2 activity is regulated by Keap1-mediated compartmentalization in the cell. Given the structural similarities between Nrf1 and Nrf2, we sought to investigate whether Nrf1 activity is regulated similarly to Nrf2. Nrf1 also resides normally in the cytoplasm of cells. Cytoplasmic localization however, is independent of Keap1. Colocalization analysis using green fluorescent protein-tagged Nrf1 and subcellular fractionation of endogenous Nrf1 and fusion proteins indicate that Nrf1 is primarily a membrane-bound protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Membrane targeting is mediated by the N terminus of the Nrf1 protein that contains a predicted transmembrane domain, and deletion of this domain resulted in a predominantly nuclear localization of Nrf1 that significantly increased the activation of reporter gene expression. Treatment with tunicamycin, an endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer, caused an accumulation of a smaller form of Nrf1 that correlated with detection of Nrf1 in the nucleus by biochemical fractionation and immunofluorescent analysis. These results suggest that Nrf1 is normally targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and that endoplasmic reticulum stress may play a role in modulating Nrf1 function as a transcriptional activator.
Characterization of Compact Support of Fourier Transform forOrthonormal Wavelets of L2(Rd)

Let {ψμ} be an orthonormal wavelet of L2(Rd) and the support of a whole of its Fourier transform be $$ {\bigcup\limits_\mu {{\text{supp}}{\left\{ {\hat{\psi }_{\mu } } \right\}}} } = {\prod\limits_{i = 1}^d {{\left[ {A_{i} ,D_{i} } \right]}} } - {\prod\limits_{i = 1}^d {{\left( {B_{i} ,C_{i} } \right)}} },\;\;\;\;A_{i} \leqslant B_{i} \leqslant C_{i} \leqslant D_{i} . $$ Under the weakest condition that each \( {\left| {\hat{\psi }_{\mu } } \right|} \)is continuous for \( w \in \partial {\left( {{\prod\nolimits_{i = 1}^d {{\left[ {A_{i} ,D_{i} } \right]}} }} \right)}, \)a characterization of the above support of a whole is given.
The Mechanical Properties of Common Interlevel Dielectric Films and Their Influences on Aluminum Interconnect Extrusions

Knowledge of the mechanical properties of interlevel dielectric films and their impact on sub-micron interconnect reliability is becoming more and more important as critical dimensions in ULSI circuits are scaled down. For example, lateral aluminum (Al) extrusions into spaces between metal lines, which become a more of a concern as the pitches shrink, appear to depend partially on properties of SiO2 underlayers. In this paper, the mechanical properties of several common interlevel dielectric SiO2 films such as undoped silica glass using a silane (SiH4) precursor, undoped silica glass using a tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) precursor, phosphosilicate glass (PSG) deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) deposited by sub-atmosphere chemical vapor deposition (SACVD) were studied. Among the four common interlevel layers, BPSG exhibits the smallest modulus (E), hardness (H) and the highest the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE). BPSG again has the lowest as-deposited compressive stress and the lowest local Si-O-Si strain before annealing. Stress interactions between the various SiO2 underlayers and the Al metal film are further investigated. The impact of dielectric elastic properties on interconnect reliability during thermal cycles is proposed.
Lipophilic impurities, not phenolsulfonphthalein, account for the estrogenic activity in commercial preparations of phenol red

Previously, we found that Phenol Red, a pH indicator dye commonly used in tissue culture media, had weak estrogenic activity, demonstrable by competitive binding to the estrogen receptor, stimulation of the growth rate of human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells, and elevation of progesterone receptor levels in these cells. We have now examined in more detail the source of this estrogenic activity, present in commercially available preparations of Phenol Red. By high performance liquid chromatography and solvent partitioning, we find that the receptor binding and growth promoting activity does not correspond to the indicator dye itself (phenolsulfonphthalein), but rather to more lipophilic impurities present in these preparations. There are numerous such impurities, many of which show some competitive binding activity, but the major receptor binding activity is accounted for by a single impurity component. Commercial preparations of Phenol Red can be purified by ether extraction of the sodium salt, whereby 95-99% of the lipophilic estrogenic impurities are removed, and the growth stimulating activity towards MCF-7 cells is reduced.
Thermionic escape of net photogenerated carriers and current densities from illuminated lightly doped single quantum wells

Photogenerated carriers captured in the intrinsic region of p/i/n GaAs–AlGaAs quantum well systems and contributing to current densities after thermionic escape, is the purpose of this communication. Illuminated intrinsic regions of solar cells with multiple quantum wells are expected to contribute an increase to overall collected currents when compared to bulk p/i/n solar cells. Carriers of the order of 1012cm−2 are found to be generated in single quantum wells of the i-region, and under 1017/cm2/s1 steady illumination flux levels (under Auger and radiative recombination mechanisms taken into account). Next, the contribution from each quantum well is evaluated in the form of thermionic current density values, and in terms of temperature and individual quasi-Fermi level position relative to the fundamental miniband in each well. Based on analytic results (for 30% Al fraction, and for 3–10nm lightly doped GaAs layers), computations show that (a) current density may vary from 1 to 9mA/cm2/10nm quantum well, as a function of background doping level in the neighborhood of 1011–1012cm−3, and at three representative temperatures −10°C,27°C, 40°C (b) current density may vary from 0.1 to 0.9mA/cm2 for a range of widths from 3 to 10nm, at the same temperatures, and for similar background doping (c) lightly doped 10nm GaAs quantum wells may generate current densities varying from 0.1 to 0.8mA/cm2 under photo-carrier levels in the order of 1012cm−2, and room temperature.
Dow ET-57 as a Fly Larvicide.

Field comparisons of Dow ET-57 and malathion for determination of larvieidal efficiency against house flies and other types of Diptera under caged laying hens were made, using surface application of 1¼% solutions. Dow ET-57 gave an overall control of 78 to 99% at the end of the first and second week, respectively, while malathion gave a corresponding 0 to 67% control.
Explicit modeling of semantics associated with composite states in UML statecharts

UML statecharts are used for describing dynamic aspects of system behavior. The work presented here extends a general Petri net-based methodology to support formal modeling of UML statecharts. The approach focuses on the specific task of generating explicit transition models associated with the hierarchical structure of statechart. We introduce a state-transition notation to serve as an intermediate model for conversion of UML statecharts, and in particular, the complexity of composite states, to other target specifications. By defining a process for deriving, from UML statecharts, a state-transition notation that can serve as an intermediate state machine model, we seek to deepen understanding of modeling practices and help bridge the gap between model development and model analysis. This work covers all of the primary issues associated with the hierarchical structure of composite states, including entry and exit transitions, transition priorities, history states, and event dispatching. Thus, the results provide an important step forward toward the goal of modeling increasingly complex semantics of UML statecharts.
From wet lab bench to tangible virtual experiment: SynFlo

SynFlo is an interactive installation that utilizes tangible interaction to make core concepts of synthetic biology accessible to the public. This playful installation allows users to create useful virtual life forms from standardized genetic components through the manipulation of augmented object that mirror scientific instruments in order to explore synthetic biology concepts and protocols. These virtual E. coli, can serve as environmental biosensors that when deployed into an environment represented by a tabletop computer, detect toxins and change their color as an indicator. The goal of this project is to explore ways to develop effective interactive activities for outreach in STEM without the limitations of access to a lab bench while communicating the excitement of cutting-edge research.
Molecular dynamics simulations of nanoporous organosilicate glasses using Reactive Force Field (ReaxFF)

Abstract The structure and properties of nanoporous organosilicate glass (OSG) structure models with 30–70% porosities and different pore morphologies were simulated using molecular dynamics simulations with Reactive Force Field (ReaxFF) potential. The OSG structures were created from nanoporous silica structures generated using classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with partial charge pairwise potentials and a subsequent step of adding hydroxide and methyl groups to the dangling bonds and coordination defects. The nanoporous OSG systems were then fully relaxed using molecular dynamics simulations with ReaxFF and detailed structure analysis performed and properties calculated. Analysis of the OSG systems indicated that the structural features (bond distances and angles) as well as the Qn distribution of the nanoporous silica backbone structure are consistent with the features of dense silica and that the geometry of the added methyl groups is experimentally accurate, even after ReaxFF relaxation. The elastic modulus of the nanoporous silica was calculated and found to be 24–31 GPa for system with 30% porosity and 0.5–2.5 GPa for those with 70% porosity, consistent with previously reported experimental results.
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol induced response suppression in pigeons

Response suppression following acute injections of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (9-THC) was compared between groups of White King or Silver King pigeons. Daily keypeck training continued until subjects’ responses were stable for 3 days. The day following criterion performance, each subject was injected with.250 mg/kg 9-THC,.125 mg/kg 9-THC, or the drug vehicle alone. Responses emitted during the ensuing session were cast into a ratio with the preceding criterion baseline to provide a proportion of response suppression attributable to 9-THC. Daily training continued after testing through a 12-day “washout” period, after which subjects were reeligible to attain criterion performance and be retested. All subjects were tested in each condition, with random assignment of injection sequences to subjects. Analysis of the results indicate that higher doses of 9-THC increased response suppression among both groups. This effect was more pronounced among Silver King pigeons, who as a group, differed significantly from the White Kings.
Ingested (oral) SIRS peptide 1-21 inhibits acute EAE by inducing Th2-like cytokines.

Abstract Objective Ingested type I IFN inhibits clinical attacks, relapses and inflammation in murine chronic relapsing EAE by inhibiting Th1-like cytokines. Type I IFN activates human suppressor T cells that produce SIRS. Methods We examined whether oral (ingested) SIRS peptide inhibits EAE by decreasing Th1-like cytokines. Results Parenteral SIRS peptide 1–21 showed a significant inhibition of disease severity in murine EAE. Ingested SIRS peptide at 10 and 100 μg SIRS peptide showed a significant inhibition of disease severity but also a prolonged delay in the onset of disease compared to placebo. There were significantly less inflammatory foci in the SIRS peptide fed group compared to the control mock fed group. Splenocytes from SIRS peptide 1–21 fed mice showed increased production of Th2-like CD30L, IL-13, TCA-3 cytokines/chemokines and decreased production of Th1-like cytokine lymphotactin. Interpretation Ingested (oral) SIRS peptide significantly inhibits both clinical EAE and inflammation predominately via counter-regulatory type 2-like cytokines/chemokines IL-13, CD30L and TCA-3.
Endovascular procedures in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a review of clinical outcomes and iatrogenic complications.

Background Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a hereditary connective tissue disorder caused by mutations in genes involved with collagen matrix formation that results in weakened blood vessels. Endovascular therapy on patients with EDS is fraught with concerns of vessel dissection and access site complications. We describe the technical and clinical outcomes of patients with EDS who have undergone a range of endovascular procedures. Methods Patients with EDS undergoing endovascular procedures at a single-institution academic center between 1994 and 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Perioperative data, including details of the procedure, hospital course, complications, and in-hospital mortality, were evaluated using nonparametric tests. Results In all, 26 patients (8 with classic EDS, 15 with hypermobile EDS, and 3 with vascular EDS) who underwent 48 endovascular procedures (5 diagnostic, 43 interventional; 13 arterial, 35 venous) were identified. The indications for endovascular therapy included pelvic venous varices, visceral aneurysms/pseudoaneurysms, visceral/peripheral occlusive disease, coronary artery disease, and others. Median length of hospital stay was 2 days (range: 0-21 days). The rate of perioperative vascular injury and access site complications was low (2%), and it was not found to be associated with the type of vascular access technique, arterial versus venous procedures, target vessel site, sheath size, or method of closure (all: p > 0.1). Median follow-up period was 7.5 years. There were no late complications from the initial endovascular procedure. Conclusions Certain endovascular procedures for patients with EDS can be safely performed with a low rate of dissections and access site complications. However, some indications (particularly aortic interventions) still remain to be determined.