cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A New Genus and Species of Subterranean Amphipod (Gammaridae) From Puerto Rico, With Notes On Its Ecology, Evolution and Relationship To Other Caribbean Amphipods

[Alloweckelia gurneei, eine neue Gattung und Spezies unterirdischer Amphipoden wird aus dem Rio Camuy Hohlensystem beschrieben. Diese neue Gattung wird mit unterirdischen Amphipoden aus dem Gebiet des Karibischen Meeres morphologisch verglichen, und festgestellt, dass drei Gattungen - Weckelia, Paraweckelia und Alloweckelia - verwandt, und hochstwahrscheinlich ahnlicher mariner Abstammung sind. Die okologische und morphologische Verwandtschaft von einem anderen unterirdischen Karibischen Amphipoden, Metaniphargus, wird ebenfalls behandelt. Alloweckelia wird in die Hadzia Gruppe, innerhalb der Familie Gammaridae, eingereiht., Alloweckelia gurneei, eine neue Gattung und Spezies unterirdischer Amphipoden wird aus dem Rio Camuy Hohlensystem beschrieben. Diese neue Gattung wird mit unterirdischen Amphipoden aus dem Gebiet des Karibischen Meeres morphologisch verglichen, und festgestellt, dass drei Gattungen - Weckelia, Paraweckelia und Alloweckelia - verwandt, und hochstwahrscheinlich ahnlicher mariner Abstammung sind. Die okologische und morphologische Verwandtschaft von einem anderen unterirdischen Karibischen Amphipoden, Metaniphargus, wird ebenfalls behandelt. Alloweckelia wird in die Hadzia Gruppe, innerhalb der Familie Gammaridae, eingereiht.]
Purification and reconstitution of the vacuolar H+-ATPases from lemon fruits and epicotyls

The vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) of lemon fruits and epicotyls were detergent-solubilized, purified by column chromatography, and reconstituted into artificial proteoliposomes. During purification, a vanadate- and nitrate-sensitive ATPase activity, consisting of partially disassembled V-ATPase complexes, was resolved from the V-ATPase peak. ATPase and H+-transport activities of the purified, reconstituted V-ATPases of both fruit and epicotyl exhibited similar inhibitor profiles, except that the fruit V-ATPase retained partial vanadate sensitivity. Since the V-ATPase activity of native fruit tonoplast vesicles is insensitive to inhibitors (Muller, M. L., Irkens-Kiesecker, U., Rubinstein, B., and Taiz, L. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 1916–1924), membrane lipids or other factors may protect the fruit V-ATPase from inactivation in vivo. A kinetic analysis of H+-pumping and H+-leakage indicated that the reconstituted epicotyl V-ATPase exhibited twice as much intrinsic uncoupling or slip as the reconstituted fruit V-ATPase. Comparison of their subunit compositions by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the reconstituted fruit V-ATPase is enriched in two polypeptides of 33/34 and 16 kDa. Moreover, the stalks of negatively stained juice sac V-ATPases appeared thicker than those of epicotyl V-ATPases in electron micrographs.
Satellite remote sensing of harmful algal blooms: A new multi-algorithm method for detecting the Florida Red Tide (Karenia brevis).

Abstract In a continuing effort to develop suitable methods for the surveillance of harmful algal blooms (HABs) of Karenia brevis using satellite radiometers, a new multi-algorithm method was developed to explore whether improvements in the remote-sensing detection of the Florida Red Tide was possible. A Hybrid Scheme was introduced that sequentially applies the optimized versions of two pre-existing satellite-based algorithms: an Empirical Approach (using water-leaving radiance as a function of chlorophyll concentration) and a Bio-optical Technique (using particulate backscatter along with chlorophyll concentration). The long-term evaluation of the new multi-algorithm method was performed using a multi-year MODIS dataset (2002–2006; during the boreal Summer–Fall periods – July–December) along the Central West Florida Shelf between 25.75°N and 28.25°N. Algorithm validation was done with in situ measurements of the abundances of K. brevis ; cell counts ≥1.5 × 10 4 cells l −1 defined a detectable HAB. Encouraging statistical results were derived when either or both algorithms correctly flagged known samples. The majority of the valid match-ups were correctly identified (∼80% of both HABs and non-blooming conditions) and few false negatives or false positives were produced (∼20% of each). Additionally, most of the HAB-positive identifications in the satellite data were indeed HAB samples (positive predictive value: ∼70%) and those classified as HAB-negative were almost all non-bloom cases (negative predictive value: ∼86%). These results demonstrate an excellent detection capability, on average ∼10% more accurate than the individual algorithms used separately. Thus, the new Hybrid Scheme could become a powerful tool for environmental monitoring of K. brevis blooms, with valuable consequences including leading to the more rapid and efficient use of ships to make in situ measurements of HABs.
Integrated approach to free-space optical communication

Lasers offer tremendous advantages over RF communication systems in bandwidth and security. Atmospheric turbulence causes severe received power variations and high bit error rates (BERs) in airborne laser communication. If two or more laser beams are separated sufficiently, they can effectively "average out" the effects of the turbulence. This requisite separation distance is derived for multiple geometries, turbulence conditions, and turbulence effects. Integrating multiple techniques into a system alleviates the deleterious effects of turbulence without bulky adaptive optics systems. Wave optics simulations show multiple transmitters, receiver and transmitter trackers, and adaptive thresholding significantly reduce BER (by over 10,000 times).
Fission yeast Aip3p (spAip3p) is required for an alternative actin-directed polarity program.

Aip3p is an actin-interacting protein that regulates cell polarity in budding yeast. The Schizosaccharomyces pombe-sequencing project recently led to the identification of a homologue of Aip3p that we have named spAip3p. Our results confirm that spAip3p is a true functional homologue of Aip3p. When expressed in budding yeast, spAip3p localizes similarly to Aip3p during the cell cycle and complements the cell polarity defects of an aip3Δ strain. Two-hybrid analysis shows that spAip3p interacts with actin similarly to Aip3p. In fission yeast, spAip3p localizes to both cell ends during interphase and later organizes into two rings at the site of cytokinesis. spAip3p localization to cell ends is dependent on microtubule cytoskeleton, its localization to the cell middle is dependent on actin cytoskeleton, and both patterns of localization require an operative secretory pathway. Overexpression of spAip3p disrupts the actin cytoskeleton and cell polarity, leading to morphologically aberrant cells. Fission yeast, which normally rely on the microtubule cytoskeleton to establish their polarity axis, can use the actin cytoskeleton in the absence of microtubule function to establish a new polarity axis, leading to the formation of branched cells. spAip3p localizes to, and is required for, branch formation, confirming its role in actin-directed polarized cell growth in both Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Resonant waveguide grating biosensor-enabled label-free and fluorescence detection of cell adhesion

Cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) is fundamental to many distinct aspects of cell biology, and has been an active topic for label-free biosensors. However, little attention has been paid to study the impact of receptor signaling on the cell adhesion process. We here report the development of resonant waveguide grating biosensor-enabled label-free and fluorescent approaches, and their use for investigating the adhesion of an engineered HEK-293 cell line stably expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagged β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) onto distinct surfaces under both ambient and physiological conditions. Results showed that cell adhesion is sensitive to both temperature and ECM coating, and distinct mechanisms govern the cell adhesion process under different conditions. The β2-AR agonists, but not its antagonists or partial agonists, were found to be capable of triggering signaling during the adhesion process, leading to an increase in the adhesion of the engineered cells onto fibronectin-coated biosensor surfaces. These results suggest that the dual approach presented is useful to investigate the mechanism of cell adhesion, and to identify drug molecules and receptor signaling that interfere with cell adhesion.
SENSITIVITY TO INSULIN DURING ADRENOCORTICAL RESPONSE TO COLD STRESS IN RATS

IN 1946 Selye described cold as an alarming stimulus capable of producing all of the systemic effects characterizing the general adaptation syndrome. He had reported changes in carbohydrate metabolism in rats exposed to cold: a marked hyperglycemia-immediately following initial exposure, hypoglycemia on the second day of cold, and hyperglycemia again beginning on the third day and lasting two weeks (stage of resistance). Many alarming stimuli including cold cause increased adrenocortical activity characterized by enlargement of the gland and reduction of its content in ascorbic acid and cholesterol (Selye, 1937; Long, 1947; and Sayers and Sayers, 1948). Masson (1941) found that the hypoglycemia-producing effect of insulin (that is, insulin sensitivity) is increased considerably in the stage of resistance during chronic exposure to a cold environment. More recently Cheng and Sayers (1949) produced hypersensitivity to insulin by administering desoxycorticosterone acetate to adrenal-demedullated rats. In vie...
From eavesdropping on performance to copying the behavior of others: a review of public information use

Public information (PI), a form of indirect social information, is used by individuals to estimate the quality of environmental parameters. It can be acquired in two ways. One way is by noting the performance of others. The other way it can be acquired is by noting the behavioral decisions of other individuals. Performance-based PI has been observed most often in the context of food and breeding patch estimation, as well as by individuals eavesdropping on contests between others in the context of assessing the fighting ability of opponents and the quality of mates. Evidence for the acquisition of PI from behavioral decisions of others comes mostly from studies of copying behavior, although recent work suggests that it also occurs when individuals estimate the tendency of others to be altruistic. PI use appears to be widespread across many taxa, although most work has been conducted on birds and fish. Absent from the literature are clear examples of PI use in mammals. The use of PI appears to often depend on its cost of acquisition and whether it contradicts an individual’s personal prior experience. PI can be an important benefit of associating with others.
Quantum and noise limitations of the visual process.

A set of photographs is presented that gives a direct measure of the quantum limitations of the visual process at low illuminations.
Surface scratch and pit analysis on optical interfaces

ABSTRACT                                                                                           Keywords:                               1. INTRODUCTION                  !"                           #     $ %              &             # '   #                          '                               $    '       (%Table 1. )  *   +  ,  -. /  0  1 2 &   , )   3 $, 2 % / 3 &  $. 45 % ,  3 6   7    $,  2 % / 8 $ 5   %&  $45 ((4 5 % ,  3 ,   8 $*  % / 8 $ (.   %&  $(45 (79 5 % ,  3 0 3    !     &   8 $*  % / 8 &  $ (79 5 % ,  3        :         ;   '           <                     
Determining viability of fresh or cryopreserved homograft valves at implantation

Studies of homograft valves in the past two decades have suggested that “viable” valves, i.e., those maintaining chemical and structural integrity of their leaflet intercellular matrix, have a better long-term function than nonviable valves. The most effective qualitative methods of assessing leaflet viability involve destruction of the valve leaflets; thus, these methods have been limited to random use in selected valves. A study was conducted in swine in an attempt to establish a control tissue which could be tested in place of the homograft leaflets, thereby determining viability levels of every valve clinically implanted and correlating the results with long-term clinical function. Thirty samples each of the aortic and pulmonary artery wall and tricuspid leaflet were compared with aortic and pulmonary leaflets. Utilizing the technique of C14-proline uptake, viability was assessed at procurement, following sterilization, and following cryopreservation and short-term storage. The tricuspid leaflet was found to retain the same level of viability as the aortic and pulmonary leaflets before and after the cryopreservation period. It was concluded that the tricuspid leaflet could be utilized as the control tissue.
Antigen Dose Response and Specificity of Production of the Lymphokine Eosinophil Stimulation Promoter

The present investigations of the recently discovered lymphokine eosinophil stimulation promoter have (1) shown that the assay system is highly sensitive and reproducible via the establishment of dose-response curves and their statistical analysis, (2) demonstrated that the direct assay is specific with use of eosinophilrich peritoneal exudate cells obtained from mice with either schistosomiasis or trichinosis, (3) demonstrated that the indirect test with splenic lymphocytes is specific with use of both the above method and radioisotope-labeled antigens, and (4) provided information on the roles of eosinophils and mononuclear cells via purification, reconstitution, and the use of antiserum to eosinophils.
Differences between Latino and non-Latino White smokers in cognitive and behavioral characteristics relevant to smoking cessation

Adult smokers were recruited during routine health care visits at primary care clinics located in three urban hospitals and were given a brief intervention and nicotine replacement therapy. Analyses compared bicultural (BC: n=60) or less acculturated (LA: n=138) Latinos and non-Latino White (NL: n=417) participants. Both Latino groups were significantly different from NL subjects in smoking rate and nicotine dependence. However, BC and NL subjects differed significantly from LA subjects in perceived benefits of quitting, perceived risk from smoking, and negative affect smoking. LA subjects had higher cessation rates than either BC or NL groups. Regression analyses showed that nicotine dependence and confidence in quitting predicted cessation at month 6, and acculturation appeared to moderate the relationship between smoking cessation and both confidence in quitting and nicotine dependence. These results provide support for the viability of brief interventions for smoking provided through health care delivery systems. Results also suggest that characteristics previously shown to be predictive of successful cessation in mixed or non-Latino populations may not be equally predictive of cessation across members of diverse populations.
Immune-mediated inner ear disease and parvovirus b19

Human parvovirus B19 (HP-B19), the etiologic agent of the common childhood illness erythema infectiosum, has been implicated in systemic immune disorders. Patients presenting with sensorineural hearing loss and/or dizziness, not readily categorized, were evaluated for immune-mediated inner ear disease. Appropriate serologic studies including parvovirus B19 antibody titers were conducted. Thirty patients with suspected immune-mediated inner ear disease were treated with corticosteroid trial for 5 to 7 days, then reexamined with repeat audiogram and/or vestibular testing. Seventeen patients with clinical response were treated with long-term corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide. Six patients had positive HP-B19 immunoglobulin M (IgM) titers and 8 patients had positive parvovirus immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers. All 14 patients responded to therapy. Parvovirus B19, therefore, is a possible etiology of immune-mediated inner ear disease.
The influence of an extracellular polysaccharide, comprised of colanic acid, on the fate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during processing and storage of stirred yogurt

Abstract The goal of this study was to determine the role of an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), comprised of colanic acid (CA), in assisting the cells of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in surviving the processing and storage of stirred yogurt. A wild-type E. coli O157:H7 strain W6–13, its CA-deficient mutant M4020, and a mixture of the two strains (1:1; WM mixture) were inoculated into pasteurized, homogenized whole milk prior to fermentation or into fermented yogurt before stirring. The yogurts made from the inoculated milk and un-inoculated controls were assayed twice a week for total plate counts, as well as the populations of E. coli O157:H7 and starter cultures on tryptic soy agar (TSA), sorbitol MacConkey agar (SMAC), as well as MRS and M17 agar, respectively, during a three-week storage period at 4 °C or 15 °C. The results indicated that the survival of W6–13 vs. M4020, W6–13 vs. the WM mixture, and M4020 vs. the WM mixture in stirred yogurt as influenced by processing and storage conditions were not statistically different ( P > 0.05 ). The stirring step during yogurt processing might have detached the EPS from the surfaces of E. coli O157:H7 cells. The protective effect of the EPS towards the cells of E. coli O15:H7 during subsequent processing and storage was therefore, not observed.
Andreev reflection in heavy-fermion superconductors and order parameter symmetry in CeCoIn5.

Differential conductance spectra are obtained from nanoscale junctions on the heavy-fermion superconductor ${\mathrm{CeCoIn}}_{5}$ along three major crystallographic orientations. Consistency and reproducibility of characteristic features among the junctions ensure their spectroscopic nature. All junctions show a similar conductance asymmetry and Andreev reflectionlike conductance with a reduced signal ($\ensuremath{\sim}10%--13%$), both commonly observed in heavy-fermion superconductor junctions. Analysis using the extended Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk model indicates that our data provide the first spectroscopic evidence for ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}$ symmetry. To quantify our conductance spectra, we propose a model by considering the general phenomenology in heavy fermions, the two-fluid behavior, and an energy-dependent density of states. Our model fits to the experimental data remarkably well and should invigorate further investigations.
Inhibition of geotropism by ionizing radiation: reversal of the inhibition by auxins

Abstract Intact Pisum sativum seedlings irradiated with doses up to 320 kr were markedly inhibited in their geotropic response. Inhibition of this response by certain levels of γ-radiation was reversed by auxins. The radiation induced inhibition of the geotropic response of maize ( Zea mays ) coleoptiles was not reversed by any auxin application tested.
Decreases in phorbol ester-induced papilloma development in v-Ha-ras transgenic TG.AC mice during reduced gene dosage of bcl-2.

We have demonstrated that induction of transgene expression in the v-Ha-ras–transgenic TG.AC mouse is a critical event in skin tumorigenesis and that cutaneous papillomas arise from follicular epidermis after treatment with chemical carcinogens. The sensitivity of TG.AC mice to skin tumorigenesis, coupled with their low incidence of spontaneous skin tumors, makes this strain a good model for identifying carcinogens and for investigating the roles that other genes may play in the development of skin neoplasia. To investigate the possible involvement of the bcl-2 gene in skin tumorigenesis in the TG.AC mouse, we crossed heterozygous bcl-2–knockout mice (C57Bl/6,129 background) with TG.AC mice (FVB/N background). Female mice were genotyped by using a neo cassette to identify bcl-2–deficient mice. In addition, homozygous TG.AC mice were bred with FVB/N mice to generate hemizygous TG.AC mice on an FVB/N background to serve as a gene-dosage control. The F1 progeny consisted of FVB/Nv−Ha−ras+/–:C57Bl/6,129 bcl-2+/+, FVB/Nv−Ha−ras+/–:C57Bl/6,129 bcl-2+/–, and FVB/Nv−Ha−ras+/–, bcl-2+/+. Ten-week-old mice were dosed twice weekly for 10 wk with acetone, 1.25 μg of 7,12-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), or 2.5 μg of TPA, and papillomas were counted weekly. Papillomas were analyzed for ras transgene and bcl-2 expression by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, v-Ha-ras expression by in situ hybridization, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression by immunohistochemical analysis. Fewer papillomas (P < 0.05) were observed at the low dose of TPA (1.25 μg) in mice carrying the bcl-2 knockout allele than in the wild-type mice, suggesting that reduction of the bcl-2 gene product affects the susceptibility of TG.AC mice to TPA-induced papillomas. However, at the high dose of TPA (2.5 μg), there was no difference in papilloma response between knockout and wild-type mice, regardless of strain background. This suggests that at the higher dose of TPA, the effect of reduction in bcl-2 gene product was obscured. These results support the hypothesis that bcl-2 plays a limited role in skin tumorigenesis in the TG.AC mouse. Mol. Carcinog. 20:68–77, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Use of the parallax-quench method to determine the position of the active-site loop of cholesterol oxidase in lipid bilayers.

To elucidate the cholesterol oxidase-membrane bilayer interaction, a cysteine was introduced into the active site lid at position-81 using the Brevibacterium enzyme. To eliminate the possibility of labeling native cysteine, the single cysteine in the wild-type enzyme was mutated to a serine without any change in activity. The loop-cysteine mutant was then labeled with acrylodan, an environment-sensitive fluorescence probe. The fluorescence increased and blue-shifted upon binding to lipid vesicles, consistent with a change into a more hydrophobic, i.e., lipid, environment. This acrylodan-labeled cholesterol oxidase was used to explore the pH, ionic strength, and headgroup dependence of binding. Between pH 6 and 10, there was no significant change in binding affinity. Incorporation of anionic lipids (phosphatidylserine) into the vesicles did not increase the binding affinity nor did altering the ionic strength. These experiments suggested that the interactions are primarily driven by hydrophobic effects not ionic effects. Using vesicles doped with either 5-doxyl phosphatidylcholine, 10-doxyl phosphatidylcholine, or phosphatidyl-tempocholine, quenching of acrylodan fluorescence was observed upon binding. Using the parallax method of London [Chattopadhyay, A., and London, E. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 39-45], the acrylodan ring is calculated to be 8.1 +/- 2.5 A from the center of the lipid bilayer. Modeling the acrylodan-cysteine residue as an extended chain suggests that the backbone of the loop does not penetrate into the lipid bilayer but interacts with the headgroups, i.e., the choline. These results demonstrate that cholesterol oxidase interacts directly with the lipid bilayer and sits on the surface of the membrane.
Depiction and Convention

Nelson Goodman has provided one of the most exciting advances in semiotic aesthetics in years in his recent book, Languages of Art.1 Among other theses that Goodman defends is the claim that pictures are elements of symbol systems to be understood in the way that languages are understood: that depiction and description are species of a common genus which is to be understood in terms of denotation. One of the consequences Goodman draws from his theory is that depiction is conventional: the fact that a certain picture depicts a man is as much a matter of convention as the fact that a certain
Well-being and posttraumatic growth in unrelated donor marrow transplant survivors: a nine-year longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE To study posttraumatic growth and psychological and physical well-being among 25 cancer survivors (12 men, 13 women) 9 years after receiving a hematopoietic stem cell transplant from an unrelated donor. MEASURES Participants completed measures of well-being (e.g., depression, physical function) and posttraumatic growth at the 9-year follow-up. Prior to treatment, optimism, social support, and well-being had been assessed. RESULTS Findings reveal high levels of physical and psychological well-being. Survivors reported posttraumatic growth in several domains, including increased personal strengths and enhanced interpersonal relationships. Higher levels of growth were significantly related to gender and age: Women reported more total posttraumatic growth, and older survivors reported more enhanced spirituality, one domain of growth. Posttraumatic growth and well-being after treatment were predicted by 2 psychosocial variables assessed prior to treatment: dispositional optimism and social support. IMPLICATIONS Although long-term survivors report ongoing physical limitations, they also experience well-being in both physical and psychological domains. Posttraumatic growth is an area of well-being deserving of additional research and clinical attention. In particular, there may be reason to assist survivors to articulate growth as part of ongoing care.
Synthesis and physical and structural characterization of Ag(I) complexes supported by non-fluorinated β-diketonate and related ancillary ligands

Abstract A series of Ag(I) complexes, [Ag(X)L], where X is the anion of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione (tmhdH), 2,2,7-trimethyl-3,5-octanedione (tmodH), 2-sila-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5- heptanedione (tmshdH), 5-mercapto-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hepten-3-one (S-tmhdH), 5-mercapto-2,2,7-trimethyl-4-octen-3-one (S-tmodH), or 5-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hepten-3-one (N-tmhdH) and L=triphenylphosphine (PPh3) or tri-n-butylphosphine (PBu3), were prepared by treatment of silver nitrate with either the diketone derivative in the presence of a base or with the preformed sodium salt of the diketone derivative. The thermal properties of the new complexes were investigated for potential application in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes. Results of thermogravimetric analysis showed that the vast majority of the silver complexes have little promise for CVD, since the ligands dissociate at elevated temperatures without volatilization. The first ever reported single crystal X-ray diffraction studies of silver complexes, with simple, ancillary, non-fluorinated β-diketonate supporting ligands, revealed [Ag(tmhd)(PPh3)] (1a) to be monomeric and [Ag(S-tmhd)(PPh3)]2 (4a) to be dimeric in the solid state, respectively.
Is clozapine selective for the dopamine D4 receptor

Binding of 3H-spiperone and 3H-raclopride to membranes of cells stably-transfected with a human dopamine D2 receptor clone was investigated, as was that of 3H-spiperone to those stably-transfected with a human D4 receptor clone. 3H-spiperone and 3H-raclopride labeled the same number of sites in the D2 receptor preparation. The inhibition of binding by clozapine, spiperone, (-) eticlopride, haloperidol and the novel substituted benzamide 1192U90 was also investigated. Clozapine and 1192U90 showed greater inhibition of 3H-raclopride binding than 3H-spiperone binding to the D2 receptor. Comparison with inhibition of 3H-spiperone binding to the D4 receptor revealed that clozapine and 1192U90 displayed apparent selectivity (as assessed by Ki ratios) for the D4 receptor when compared with binding of 3H-spiperone, but not 3H-raclopride, to the D2 receptor.
The Morphology of the ST-T Loop in Healed Myocardial Infarction

The morphology of the enlarged ST-T loop (1 mv=5 or 10 inches) was studied in 38 patients with chronic myocardial infarction. Spatial repolarization was normal by standard vectorcardiographic criteria in six cases. In 16, the T loop was located in an abnormal position. Fourteen of the latter cases showed divergence between QRS and T loop rotation. This could represent one form of repolarization conduction defect. An ischemic ST-T loop characterized by a more or less uniform speed of inscription of its afferent and efferent portions was seen in six cases. Eight patients showed an abnormal, low, length-to-width ratio, resulting in a circular ST-T loop. The terminal portions of repolarization could be inscribed as slowly as the efferent loop in these cases. This specific type of abnormality could well be another type of repolarization conduction defect.
Pathogenesis of subcortical hyperintense lesions on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Observations in patients undergoing controlled therapeutic internal carotid artery occlusion.

Factors associated with the pathogenesis of subcortical hyperintense lesions on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain are not known. We describe four cases of de novo genesis of subcortical hyperintense lesions in patients undergoing controlled therapeutic internal carotid artery occlusion, and we speculate on associated pathophysiological mechanisms.Twelve consecutive patients underwent controlled therapeutic internal carotid artery occlusion for symptomatic giant cerebral aneurysm using the detachable balloon technique under full anticoagulation. Preocclusion (within 2 weeks) and postocclusion (within 6 weeks) magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed in eight cases and evaluated for preexisting and new appearance of subcortical hyperintense lesions.There were four instances of de novo genesis of subcortical hyperintense lesions after carotid occlusion. New subcortical hyperintense lesions were ipsilateral to carotid occlusion in every instance and in two cases were associated with ipsilat...
Nerve Regeneration Through Collagen Tubes

Severe nerve injuries may require microsurgical grafting to span a defect. Introduction of graft material into a highly vascular recipient bed is documented to aid in early regeneration of neuronal blood supply.A silicone rod (SR)-induced fibrovascular sheath was employed to evaluate the regeneration of rat tibial nerve through 2-mmdiameter collagen tubes (CT) or contralateral nerve autografts (AUTO). At first operation, 5 mm of right tibial nerve was resected from 30 retired male breeder Sprague-Dawley rats. Resected nerve was replaced with either a 5 x 2 mm SR or the nerve ends were sutured to the intermuscular fascia.Four weeks later, animals were repaired by replacing the SR with either a CT or a contralateral AUTO from the left tibial nerve. Three months later, EMG testing was performed, and histologic sections were prepared.The EMG latency and the size of the compound action potential for sheathed or non-sheathed CT or AUTO were statistically superior to controls at the 95% confidence level. All oth...
Criteria for evaluating collimators used in in vivo distribution studies with radioisotopes

Abstract In many practical circumstances involving the localization of radioactive regions in the body, the highest resolution is not necessarily desirable because of the accompanying reduction in sensitivity. A compromise must therefore be effected between resolution and sensitivity. Principles are presented for affecting this compromise and a figure of merit is defined in order to determine which collimator-detector system provides the highest probability of detecting a radioactive target located inside a region with a different concentration of radioactivity. A most important factor is the ratio of target-to-nontarget sensitivity which depends on both the shielding of the detector and the collimator construction. Three different focusing collimators having 91, 19 and 7 holes, respectively, and two single-bore collimators, 3 and 5 in. in length, are studied. It is found that the most suitable collimator for detecting a given target depends on the size of that target. For example, of the compromises available, a collimator with very good resolution and low sensitivity is best for small targets, while for larger targets a collimator with low resolution and high sensitivity is best. Two other questions of interest are considered. First, the distortion in the representation of the target, which varies with target size, is specified in terms of a parameter called specific resolution. Second, the concentrations of radioactivity needed for given scintiscanning situations can be calculated by means of an equation which is derived. An application of the equation to a practical case in brain-tumor scanning is presented.
Inhibition of corticoid production in rat-adrenal homogenates by diphosphopyridine nucleotide and its reversal by ascorbate and other substances.

Abstract Diphosphopyridine nucleotides, in the presence of triphosphopyridine nucleotide and glucose 6-phosphate, inhibit the production of corticoids in rat adrenal homogenates. The inhibitory species is DPNH and the inhibition can be reversed by pyruvate, oxaloacetate and ascorbate, all of which bring about the oxidation of DPNH. The inhibition is not due to a transhydrogenase-mediated depletion of TPNH by DPN. The inhibition occurs at the DPN-dependent oxidation of pregnenolone to progesterone and may be due to a product inhibition of the 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. The implications of these findings with respect to the role of ascorbic acid in the metabolism of the adrenal cortex are discussed.
Molecular dynamics simulations of a poly(p‐phenylene) oligomer

We have studied the conformation and coefficient of thermal expansion in the poly (p-phenylene) oligomer p-sexiphenyl (C 36 H 26 ) by molecular dynamics simulations. Studies of the backbone phenyl-phenyl torsion angle in a simulated p-sexiphenyl crystal at room temperature indicate the presence of torsional librations of approximately ±20 o . Further analysis of the phenyl-phenyl backbone torsion angle in less closely packed regions of the simulated crystal (crystal ends) indicate the presence of 180 o phenyl ring flips, in agreement with solid-state deuterium NMR data on poly(p-phenylene oligomers). The linear coefficient of thermal expansion was also calculated and found to be negative, in qualitative agreement with experimental data on rigid-rod compounds
THE UBIQUITY OF SELF-AWARENESS

Two claims have been prominent in recent discussions of self-consciousness. One is that first-person reference or first-person thinking is irreducible (the Irreducibility Thesis), and the other is that an awareness of self accompanies all conscious states, at least those through which one refers to something. The latter--here termed the Ubiquity Thesis--has long been associated with philosophers like Fichte, Brentano, and Sartre, though each articulated his own version of the claim. More recently, variants have been defended by Dieter Henrich (1970) and Manfred Frank (1991, 1995a, 1995b). In Frank's words:
Review of Influential Factors Affecting the Performance of Organic Vapor Air-Purifying Respirator Cartridges

Industrial hygienists must consider numerous diverse factors prior to selecting a respirator. An accurate evaluation of environmental conditions as well as work functions is essential if an organic vapor air purifying device is to be properly chosen. Environmental factors which need careful consideration are oxygen level, contaminant composition, contaminant concentration, contaminant's warning properties, temperature, and relative humidity. In addition, work rate and numerous other work-related factors must be carefully evaluated to assure worker safety. In fact, safety precautions are built into the regulations themselves (30 CFR Part 11) by imposing environmental and use limitations for organic vapor respirator cartridges. These include: 1. not for atmospheres which are immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH), 2. not for use against gases or vapors with poor warning properties (unless permitted by MSHA/OSHA), and 3. not for use against gases or vapors which generate high heats of reaction with ...
Treatment of Obesity by Moderate and Severe Caloric Restriction: Results of Clinical Research Trials

Recent studies of the treatment of obesity by moderate and severe caloric restriction show that patients treated in randomized trials using a conventional 1200 kcal/d reducing diet, combined with behavior modification, lose approximately 8.5 kg in 20 weeks. They maintain approximately two thirds of this weight loss 1 year later. Patients treated under medical supervision using a very-low-calorie diet (400 to 800 kcal/d) lose approximately 20 kg in 12 to 16 weeks and maintain one half to two thirds of this loss in the following year. Both dietary interventions are associated with increasing weight regain over time, although regain can be minimized with the recognition that obesity, in many cases, is a chronic condition that requires continuing care. Patients who participate in a formal weight-loss maintenance program, exercise regularly, or both are likely to achieve the best long-term results.
Unconstrained Face Recognition: Identifying a Person of Interest From a Media Collection

As face recognition applications progress from constrained sensing and cooperative subjects scenarios (e.g., driver’s license and passport photos) to unconstrained scenarios with uncooperative subjects (e.g., video surveillance), new challenges are encountered. These challenges are due to variations in ambient illumination, image resolution, background clutter, facial pose, expression, and occlusion. In forensic investigations where the goal is to identify a person of interest, often based on low quality face images and videos, we need to utilize whatever source of information is available about the person. This could include one or more video tracks, multiple still images captured by bystanders (using, for example, their mobile phones), 3-D face models constructed from image(s) and video(s), and verbal descriptions of the subject provided by witnesses. These verbal descriptions can be used to generate a face sketch and provide ancillary information about the person of interest (e.g., gender, race, and age). While traditional face matching methods generally take a single media (i.e., a still face image, video track, or face sketch) as input, this paper considers using the entire gamut of media as a probe to generate a single candidate list for the person of interest. We show that the proposed approach boosts the likelihood of correctly identifying the person of interest through the use of different fusion schemes, 3-D face models, and incorporation of quality measures for fusion and video frame selection.
Public power and the people of Nebraska

The pros and cons of Nebraska's new power act designed to aid municipal electric light plants.
Beyond brown: polyphenol oxidases as enzymes of plant specialized metabolism.

Most cloned and/or characterized plant polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) have catechol oxidase activity (i.e. they oxidize o-diphenols to o-quinones) and are localized or predicted to be localized to plastids. As a class, they have broad substrate specificity and are associated with browning of produce and other plant materials. Because PPOs are often induced by wounding or pathogen attack, they are most generally believed to play important roles in plant defense responses. However, a few well-characterized PPOs appear to have very specific roles in the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites via both tyrosinase (monophenol oxidase) and catechol oxidase activities. Here we detail a few examples of these and explore the possibility that there may be many more “biosynthetic” PPOs.
Effects of speech stimuli and dysarthria severity on intelligibility scores and listener confidence ratings for speakers with cerebral palsy.

This study examined differences among transcription intelligibility scores and listener confidence ratings for three different types of speech stimuli – single words, unrelated sentences, and sentence
Mu-specific properties of a phages containing both ends of Mu depend on the relative orientation of Mu end DNA fragments

Abstract To facilitate the study of bacteriophage Mu transposition we have constructed plaque-forming λ phages containing all the Mu genes and sites known to be required for normal levels of Mu transposition (i.e., Mu genes A and B and the two Mu DNA ends). These phages were made by in vitro recombination of Eco R1 DNA restriction fragments from two donor λ phages, each containing an Eco R1 fragment carrying one end of Mu. Theoretically the resulting phages with both ends of Mu could possess the two Mu-containing fragments in different orientations with respect to each other and to the lambda DNA, producing eight classes of hybrid phages. The results of agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA fragments produced by Hind III digestion of phage DNA allowed most phages to be assigned to one of the eight expected classes. Electron microscopic analysis of DNA heteroduplexes was used to confirm these classifications. Intact representatives were recovered for only six of the eight expected classes. Those phages containing the two Mu ends in closest proximity to one another were not recovered intact; however, deleted derivatives of this type of phage were found. The relative orientation of Mu-containing DNA fragments in phages from the six recovered classes was critical in determining the Mu-specific reactions which they carried out. All intact λ-Mu clones complemented Mu phages defective in genes A and B , but only those phages from the two classes with the Mu-containing fragments in their normal relative orientation complemented A -defective phage at a high level. Phages in the same two classes were also unique in their ability to carry out a second Mu-specific reaction which resulted in inhibition of their own growth.
An existential analysis of the embodied self in postmodern consumer culture

This paper presents an existentialist interpretation of the identity constituting meanings that middle‐class men and women ascribe to their bodies and their related motivations to engage in consumption activities that seek to transform their embodied selves. We begin by describing the relevance of the existential conceptualization of the embodied self to the postmodern condition of consumer culture. We apply this existential perspective to discern three dialectically structured themes drawn from phenomenological interviews with men and women across a broad age range. One emergent and unexpected finding is the extent to which these men and women expressed a constellation of common body image anxieties, thematic meanings, and self‐critical, objectifying interpretations of their bodies. Based on these findings and historical considerations, we propose that men's embodied selves are, like women's, fully inscribed in the patriarchal discourses that circulate throughout postmodern consumer culture. However, men...
A dislocation-based, strain-gradient-plasticity strengthening model for deformation processed metal-metal composites

Deformation processed metal–metal composites (DMMCs) are high-strength, high-electrical conductivity composites developed by severe plastic deformation of two ductile metal phases. The extraordinarily high strength of DMMCs is underestimated using the rule of mixture (or volumetric weighted average) of conventionally work-hardened metals. In this article, a dislocation-density-based, strain–gradient–plasticity model is proposed to relate the strain-gradient effect with the geometrically necessary dislocations emanating from the interface to better predict the strength of DMMCs. The model prediction was compared with the experimental findings of Cu–Nb, Cu–Ta, and Al–Ti DMMC systems to verify the applicability of the new model. The results show that this model predicts the strength of DMMCs better than the rule-of-mixture model. The strain-gradient effect, responsible for the exceptionally high strength of heavily cold worked DMMCs, is dominant at large deformation strain since its characteristic microstructure length is comparable with the intrinsic material length.
Sustained endogenous growth with decreasing returns and heterogeneous capital

Abstract The possibility of sustained long-run growth is typically associated with the presence of some endogenous `engine of growth'. It may allow the economy to grow without bound despite the use of some non-reproducible resources. Such situations can lead to dynamic models combining the features of sustainable growth and decreasing returns. One-sector models of this kind have recently attracted much attention in macroeconomics applications. Their approximate linearity for the purposes of long-run analysis has been noted. This paper is aimed at establishing the general fact: dynamic models (one- or multi-sector) which are characterized by sustained endogenous growth with non-increasing returns display the patterns of optimal growth asymptotically equivalent to those generated by models with linear technology. I consider a neoclassical growth model with heterogeneous capital, develop its linear counterpart, and prove their asymptotic equivalence in terms of long-run optimal growth rates and cross-sectoral profiles of consumption, real interest rates and relative prices. This result also implies the `non-substitution' theorem for the neoclassical dynamic model of sustained growth: optimal input profiles, relative prices, and interest rates are asymptotically independent of intertemporal preferences.
ESR and ESEM studies of Mn-containing MCM-41 materials

Abstract Through electron spin resonance (ESR) and electron spin echo modulation (ESEM) studies, three Mn(II) species are found in three kinds of Mn-containing MCM-41 materials: ion-exchanged Mn-MCM-41, synthesized MnMCM-41 and synthesized MnMCM-41(Ca) with subsequent CaCl 2 exchange. Mn(II) species I with a well-resolved sextet centered at g =2.007 has distorted octahedral symmetry and is observed in hydrated ion-exchanged Mn-MCM-41 and in synthesized calcined MnMCM-41. Mn(II) species II with g =5.2 and 3.2 is observed in dehydrated Mn-MCM-41 and MnMCM-41; attributed to zero field interactions. Both species I and II correspond to extra-framework Mn(II). Mn(II) species III, with a symmetric line at g =2.004 and a broad line-width of 250 to 350 G is assigned to framework sites. Extra-framework Mn(II) species I and II coordinate with four D 2 O and are accessible to water, but framework Mn(II) species III coordinates with only three D 2 O and is less accessible to water.