cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Model Modification Process for Grid-Connected Inverters Used in Islanded Microgrids

A method of modifying existing grid-connected inverter models for use in droop-controlled microgrids is presented. The modification involves combination with a model of a grid-forming inverter to accurately represent the coupling between complex power, bus voltage, and frequency. The combination is performed after the individual models are linearized, adding little in terms of computational complexity. The method is applicable to any three-phase inverter operating in a grid-supporting capacity and is scalable for any number of parallel inverters at the same point of connection. To examine the modification process and its effect on model performance, a generic grid-tied inverter model is derived and used as a test case. The newly derived model is modified according to the proposed method. The validity of this process is assessed through comparisons of model predictions—both from before and after modification—to results of hardware experiments. A simple design example is given to demonstrate the application of this process in the design of inverters in distributed-generation-based microgrids.
Process and Surface Characterization of Hydrogen Plasma Cleaning of Si(100)

This study details low pressure and low temperature cleaning of Si(100) surfaces. The properties of Si surfaces exposed to variations in plasma generated H are described. The diagnostic techniques used to study the processing conditions are residual gas analysis (RGA) and emission spectroscopy. The surface is characterized by low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and angle resolved uv-photoemission spectroscopy (ARUPS). During the cleaning, Si complexes are formed which indicates the removal of species from the Si(100) surface. Plasma cleaning at 300°C results in a Si(100) surface with 2x1 surface diffraction patterns as detected by LEED. Measurements by ARUPS with He I radiation show the absence of Si surface states on the Hpassivated surface. The ARUPS measurements also indicate that the H begins to desorb from the Si(100) H-passivated surface at ∼500°C.
Gadodiamide Injection-Enhanced MR Imaging of the Body

Rationale and Objectives. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of gadodiamide injection at a dose of 0.3 mmol/kg for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the body (musculoskeletal system, abdomen, retroperitoneal space, pelvis, and breast) in a multicenter study involving 330 patients. Methods. Unenhanced T1-weighted MR images were obtained before and after 0.3 mmol/kg gadodiamide injection was administered in each patient. The patients were monitored for changes in vital signs, and laboratory studies were performed. The MR images were evaluated for contrast enhancement. Results. No serious adverse events or clinically important changes in vital signs or laboratory values were observed. Evaluation of the MR images demonstrated abnormalities in 274 (84%) of the 326 patients included for efficacy analysis. Gadodiamide injection helped diagnostically in the evaluation of the images of 246 (75%) of all patients, and it added diagnostic value in 210 (77%) of the 274 patients with abnormalities. With respect to the evaluation of enhancing abnormalities of the specific body areas, gadodiamide injection added diagnostic value for the musculoskeletal system in 89% of cases, for the abdomen (liver and spleen) in 73%, the retroperitoneal space (kidneys) in 94%, the pelvis (bladder and prostate) in 39%, and the breast in 100% of the cases. Conclusion. Gadodiamide injection administered at 0.3 mmol/kg is safe and effective for MR imaging of patients with suspected lesions or abnormalities of the body.
Relationship between epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses.

SummaryIt is impossible at present to distinguish epidemic keratoconjunctivitis virus from St. Louis encephalitis virus by means of the intracerebral neutralization test in mice. The sera from convalescent epidemic keratoconjunctivitis animals and from convalescent or hyperimmune St. Louis encephalitis animals neutralized epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses to an equal extent. No differences could be elicited by performing neutralization tests with the keratoconjunctivitis virus that had been through 3 successive rabbit passages. Neutralization tests in which serum dilutions were used against a constant amount of virus also failed to show any differences between the 2 viruses. Considerable cross-neutralization was obtained with the related Japanese B and West Nile viruses. Infectivity tests in animals revealed that rabbits and guinea pigs were susceptible to intracerebral inoculation with keratoconjunctivitis virus but not to St. Louis virus.
Contamination status,staphylococcal enterotoxin-producing property and drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food products

Objective:To understand the contamination status,staphylococcal enterotoxin-producing property and drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) isolated from food products in Guangzhou and provide data for institution of HACCP,prevention of food-borne diseases caused by S.aureus and clinical drug therapy.Methods:2490 pieces of food products belonging to ten categories were sampled and S.aureus isolation,A～E staphylococcal enterotoxin-producing assay and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed.Results:Raw pork,raw beef,raw milk,sauced meat,frozen food and sea food were all positive for S.aureus,with its number of isolates and positive rate being 83(28.6%),48(24.0%),98(32.7%),18(6%),89(17.8%),1(0.6%),respectively and corresponding positive rate of staphylococcal enterotoxin being 49.4%,52.1%,56.1%,44.4%,50.6%,0%,respectively.Drug resistance of these isolates for Oxacillin,Penicillin G,Penicillin,Amoxycillin,Azithromycin and Erythromycin were 0.22%,94.83%,74.14%,55.75%,55.17%,respectively,demonstrating several different drug resistance spectra.Conclusion:Food in Guangzhou are contaminated by S.aureus to some extent,particularly in raw milk,raw meat,frozen food and sea food.Food-borne S.aureus shows strong staphylococcal enterotoxin productivity.Multi-resistance shown by S.aureus isolates from food indicates that in the clinically therapeutic procedures,well-targeted selection of antibiotics is advisable based on in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
Defending the North American Continent: Why the Physical Environmental Sciences Mattered in Cold War Greenland

Ronald E. Doel describes how understanding the natural environment of Greenland was critical to US government and military leaders who were using this massive island not only as a stationary aircraft carrier, but as the location for a wide range of geoscience-related research programs directly related to America’s national security. He argues that North American Continental Defense was a technological system that required a great deal of new knowledge about the physical environment for these weapons systems to work. Among the unanticipated results of these efforts to understand regularities in Arctic natural phenomena were new insights suggesting the Earth’s climate was warming—long before this trend became a chief environmental concern by the late twentieth century.
Plasma Physics and Fusion Energy: Single-particle motion – Coulomb collisions

Introduction Coulomb collisions are the next main topic in the study of single particle motion. The theory of Coulomb collisions is a basic building block in the understanding of transport processes in a fusion plasma. This understanding is important since the transport of energy and particles directly impacts the power balance in a fusion reactor. An overview of the topics covered in Chapter 9 and their relation to fusion energy is presented below. An analysis of Coulomb collisions shows that there are two qualitatively different types of transport: velocity space transport and physical space transport. In velocity space transport, Coulomb collisions lead to a transfer of momentum and energy between particles in v ⊥ , v ∥ space that tends to drive any initial distribution function towards a local Maxwellian. Generally there are no accompanying direct losses of energy or particles from the plasma (the mirror machine being an exception). In physical space transport, Coulomb collisions lead to a diffusion of energy and particles out of the plasma. These are direct losses affecting the plasma power balance, with energy transport almost always the more serious of the two. A comparison of the two types of transport shows that velocity space transport almost always occurs on a much faster time scale. Typically, the transport time in velocity space is approximately ( r L / a ) 2 shorter than for physical space. This chapter focuses on velocity space transport. The important issue of physical space transport is addressed in Chapter 12 after self-consistent plasma models have been developed.
Fault-tolerant parallel linear filtering using compressive sensing

In this paper, we study the problem of designing fault-tolerant parallel linear filters. We assume that a linear filter can either function perfectly or fail completely, i.e., generate arbitrary outputs. We use real-number error correcting codes based on linear programming decoding to introduce redundancy into the linear filters and detect faulty filters. We prove that all faulty filters can be detected and corrected if the number of faulty filters is smaller than a threshold value. We also obtain simulation results to support our statement. To the best of our knowledge, we believe that this work is the first to connect the information-theoretic idea of real-number error control coding with parallel linear filtering systems.
Chapter 17 – Attempts to Save the Natural World

All news about our relationship with planet Earth is not bad. This chapter discusses a number of attempts by humans to solve many of the problems for our growing demands. Many attempts are being made by individuals and special groups to minimize the use of resources, levels of pollution, and other environmental problems. Also, certain members of our population are seriously considering the importance of other living organisms and their needs, pointing out that there are definite positive attributes in some humans that are associated with our dominant nature. In addition, population increase has slowed somewhat. But the question arises: are we doing enough, and is it too late? What is unfortunate is that as the world becomes more complex, many humans grow further apart from the system that produced all life forms, including other members of the species to which they belong. Instead of living a mutualistic or even a commensalistic existence with our fellow organisms and planet Earth, we as a species appear to be more parasitic in our ways. Instead of contributing to world homeostasis or going to the roots of our problems, we find ourselves constantly attempting to compensate for our overwhelming misconduct. If it were not for the heroic efforts of certain people to save the natural world, we may have succumbed to a dismal existence and deteriorating Earth long ago. Impressive as these organizations and the people who belong to them are, they are not nearly enough for the preservation of natural areas and survival of Earth's species as long as our populations remain large. Because we are such powerful, aggressive, and dominant animals, people from all walks of life and from every country must learn to care about what happens to our biotic and abiotic world. Biologists have been saying this for years, and a number of important books have issued warnings about what can happen if we ignore environmental abuse and the delicate nature of Earth. Yet, large numbers of people (many of whom are not knowledgeable about environmental issues or the organisms that live in nature) are not interested in wildlife or the environment. Even with the educational opportunities available to learn about wilderness areas and the wildlife that inhabits them (including incredible wildlife movies on the Discovery channel), there often is a lack of concern by humans for the preservation of nature and natural resources. The human animal is very unusual and complex indeed. In spite of the good, sometimes altruistic acts that many humans and their organizations perform, other humans use their selfish, sometimes antisocial attributes to gain personal benefits, often at the expense of shattering homeostatic environmental systems and human lives. That is part of who we are as a species. Earlier chapters have brought out detailed accounts of other human attributes.
Oral health conceptual knowledge and its relationships with oral health outcomes: Findings from a Multi-site Health Literacy Study

Objectives In 2010, a health literacy instrument designed to measure oral health conceptual knowledge was introduced. This developmental work was limited in that it included a relatively small and homogeneous study population and few oral health measures against which to test concurrent validity. The purpose of the present investigation is to expand upon the earlier work by utilizing a larger study sample and additional outcome variables. Methods Data for this report came from the Multi-site Oral Health Literacy Research Study (MOHLRS), a large, cross-sectional survey conducted at two university-based dental clinics in the United States. MOHLRS included multiple assessments administered during face-to-face interviews. Conceptual knowledge was measured with the Comprehensive Measure of Oral Health Knowledge (CMOHK). Questions about self-efficacy, utilization, and dental beliefs and attitudes were also asked. Covariates included recruitment site, age, gender, race/ethnicity, education level, and languages spoken. Results Overall, 18% of 909 adult participants exhibited “low” conceptual knowledge. CMOHK scores were significantly associated with three health literacy instruments, the REALM, Short-test of functional health literacy in adults (TOFHLA), and confidence filling out forms. In both bivariate and multivariable analyses, CMOHK scores were also significantly associated with dental beliefs and attitudes and self-efficacy to prevent both dental caries and periodontal disease. CMOHK scores were not associated with utilization, measured either as having a dental visit or a dental cleaning in the last year. Conclusions The present investigation provides additional support for the CMOHK's validity. Researchers are encouraged to incorporate oral health conceptual knowledge into their theoretical frameworks, especially as it relates to beliefs and self-efficacy.
Older Adults' Preferences for When and How to Discuss Life Expectancy in Primary Care.

Introduction Life expectancy is important to inform a number of clinical decisions in primary care but its communication is challenging for clinicians. Methods This qualitative interview study with 40 community-dwelling older adults explored their perspectives on how and when to discuss life expectancy in primary care. Results Most participants did not want to discuss life expectancy longer than 1 year but were open to being offered discussion by clinicians. Suggestions included using health decline as trigger for discussion and discussing with family members instead of patient. Discussion Although older adults have varied preferences for the timing and content of life expectancy discussions in primary care, it was generally acceptable for clinicians to offer the opportunity for this type of discussion.
Practical Considerations, Challenges, and Limitations of Bioconjugation via Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition

Interrogating biological systems is often limited by access to biological probes. The emergence of “click chemistry” has revolutionized bioconjugate chemistry by providing facile reaction conditions amenable to both biologic molecules and small molecule probes such as fluorophores, toxins, or therapeutics. One particularly popular version is the copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (AAC) reaction, which has spawned new alternatives such as the strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction, among others. This focused review highlights practical approaches to AAC reactions for the synthesis of peptide or protein bioconjugates and contrasts current challenges and limitations in light of recent advances in the field. The conical success of antibody drug conjugates has expanded the toolbox of linkers and payloads to facilitate practical applications of bioconjugation to create novel therapeutics and biologic probes. The AAC reaction in particular is poised to enable a large set of functionalized m...
Development of a thermostable nanoemulsion adjuvanted vaccine against tuberculosis using a design-of-experiments approach.

Background Adjuvants have the potential to increase the efficacy of protein-based vaccines but need to be maintained within specific temperature and storage conditions. Lyophilization can be used to increase the thermostability of protein pharmaceuticals; however, no marketed vaccine that contains an adjuvant is currently lyophilized, and lyophilization of oil-in-water nanoemulsion adjuvants presents a specific challenge. We have previously demonstrated the feasibility of lyophilizing a candidate adjuvanted protein vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), ID93 + GLA-SE, and the subsequent improvement of thermostability; however, further development is required to prevent physicochemical changes and degradation of the TLR4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant formulated in an oil-in-water nanoemulsion (SE). Materials and methods In this study, we took a systematic approach to the development of a thermostable product by first identifying compatible solution conditions and stabilizing excipients for both antigen and adjuvant. Next, we applied a design-of-experiments approach to identify stable lyophilized drug product formulations. Results We identified specific formulations that contain disaccharide or a combination of disaccharide and mannitol that can achieve substantially improved thermostability and maintain immunogenicity in a mouse model when tested in accelerated and real-time stability studies. Conclusion These efforts will aid in the development of a platform formulation for use with other similar vaccines.
Primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death: the role of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) affects nearly 300,000 people each year in the U.S., and out-of-hospital rates for survival range from only 2% to 25%. A substantial reduction in SCD requires primary prevention through risk-stratification and secondary prevention of sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT-S) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). Because frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) appeared to be associated with an increased risk for SCD in patients with significant ventricular dysfunction, it was thought that suppression of PVCs would prevent SCD. The implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) electrically treats life-threatening VT-S and VF, and it can be implanted readily in the pectoral area. Two randomized, prospective, controlled trials demonstrated conclusively that the ICD is the treatment of choice in the primary prevention of SCD in patients with a previous MI. In addition, three randomized, controlled trials found the ICD to be superior to antiarrhythmic drugs in the secondary prevention of SCD. Physicians should learn to recognize patients who are candidates for the ICD and refer them to an electrophysiologist so that they can get this life-saving therapy.
Effect of exercise on deposition and subsequent retention of inhaled particles

To investigate the effect of exercise and its associated increase in ventilation on the deposition and subsequent retention of inhaled particles, we measured the fractional and regional lung deposi...
Growth Characteristics of A431 Human Epidermoid Carcinoma Cells in Serum-Free Medium: Inhibition by Epidermal Growth Factor

A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells in culture may be grown in the absence of serum in a one to one mixture of Ham's F12 and Dulbecco-modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10 micrograms/ml bovine insulin, 10 micrograms/ml human transferrin, 5 micrograms/ml human cold-insoluble globulin and 0.5 mM ethanolamine. Growth rate of the cells in this serum-free medium is essentially identical to that of cells in medium containing 10% fetal calf serum. Addition of epidermal growth factor at concentrations which are stimulatory for the growth of other cell types in culture causes and inhibition of A431 cell growth in both serum-free and serum-containing medium. The inhibitory effect of epidermal growth factor is reversible upon replacement of epidermal growth factor-containing medium with medium containing no epidermal growth factor. Simultaneous addition to the medium of antibody to epidermal growth factor along with epidermal growth factor prevents the inhibitory effect.
Queering up the mother with Michel Tremblay and Xavier Dolan

Although five decades separate Michel Tremblay (1942) and Xavier Dolan (1989), their artistic productions – writing and filmmaking – demonstrate striking resemblances in their content, objectives, ...
Breast Cancer in the Clinic: Treatments Past, Treatments Future

Therapeutic options for the patient with systemic breast cancer were long limited to either chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. While these therapies provide palliation for many patients with advanced disease, and occasionally cure the patient with micrometastatic disease, they are not optimal either with regard to toxicity or efficacy. This paper reviews the past of systemic therapy (chemotherapy and hormonal therapy), then discusses developing treatment strategies. These strategies include the recently introduced anti-HER-2 antibody trastuzumab, novel agents targeting other aspects of tumor growth mechanisms, as well as agents blocking angiogenesis.
Genomic landscape of metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) vs. metastatic castration-refractory prostate cancer (mCRPC) by circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA).

5043Background: mCRPC carries a poor prognosis, and targeted therapies have had minimal success in mCRPC. Novel genomic targets could improve drug development. To date, large ctDNA studies in metas...
Attenuating dependence on structural data in computing protein energy landscapes.

Nearly all cellular processes involve proteins structurally rearranging to accommodate molecular partners. The energy landscape underscores the inherent nature of proteins as dynamic molecules interconverting between structures with varying energies. In principle, reconstructing a protein’s energy landscape holds the key to characterizing the structural dynamics and its regulation of protein function. In practice, the disparate spatio-temporal scales spanned by the slow dynamics challenge both wet and dry laboratories. However, the growing number of deposited structures for proteins central to human biology presents an opportunity to infer the relevant dynamics via exploitation of the information encoded in such structures about equilibrium dynamics. Recent computational efforts using extrinsic modes of motion as variables have successfully reconstructed detailed energy landscapes of several medium-size proteins. Here we investigate the extent to which one can reconstruct the energy landscape of a protein in the absence of sufficient, wet-laboratory structural data. We do so by integrating intrinsic modes of motion extracted off a single structure in a stochastic optimization framework that supports the plug-and-play of different variable selection strategies. We demonstrate that, while knowledge of more wet-laboratory structures yields better-reconstructed landscapes, precious information can be obtained even when only one structural model is available. The presented work shows that it is possible to reconstruct the energy landscape of a protein with reasonable detail and accuracy even when the structural information about the protein is limited to one structure. By attenuating the dependence on structural data of methods designed to compute protein energy landscapes, the work opens up interesting venues of research on structure-based inference of dynamics. Of particular interest are directions of research that will extend such inference to proteins with no experimentally-characterized structures.
Cost Consideration of Second Line Therapy for Relapsed Diffuse Large Lymphoma in the Community Setting

Cost consideration of second line therapy for relapsed diffuse large lymphoma in the community setting Introduction Despite treatment with curative intent chemotherapy, many patient with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) will relapse. Post relapse, the majority of patients will remain sensitive to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Commonly used regiments in this situation include Rituximab plus a combination of other agents such as ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide (R-ICE) etoposide, methylprednisolone, cytarabine, cisplatin (R-ESHAP) dexamethasone, high-dose cytarabine, cisplatin (R-DHAP) gemcitabine, oxaliplatin (R-Gem/Ox) lenalidomide (R squared) bendamustine (R-Bendamustine As few clinical trials exist that compare these different regimens head to head, the decision is often left to the treating physician. We opted to look at cost as a consideration. Methods: For the regimens listed above, we calculated drug costs using the average wholesale price. For regimens that require inpatient hospital stays, we used historical data for cost of average hospital stay from Beckers Hospital review. A body surface area of 1.75 was used for each regimen. We determined the cost for four cycles of the different regimens. Growth factor support was included as many of these regimens require this. As our focus was on our own community institution, and is it isn9t yet widely available, CAR-T was not included. Results: In table Conclusions: While a number of decisions will factor into the use of one of these regimens, cost is an important factor. Based on the above information, there is a wide range of cost. This can be one factor in deciding which combination to use. Few clinical trials have compared these regimens in a head to head fashion. One trial that did compared R-ICE to R-DHAP and essentially showed only minor outcome differences between them. In such situations, cost as well as inpatient vs outpatient hospital stays, patient preference, physician comfort with the different regimens will all play a role in determining which regimen to use. Disclosures Landau:celgene: Honoraria; novartis: Honoraria.
Stability and Optimization of a Pressure-Loaded Trapezoidal Vault with Semi-Rigid Joints

The critical pressure is determined for a trapezoidal vault with rigid members and semi-rigid joints. For maximal volume enclosed per boundary length, it is found that the critical pressure is high...
Cerebellar Deep Brain Stimulation for Acquired Hemidystonia

Background The cerebellum's role in dystonia is increasingly recognized. Dystonia can be a disabling and refractory condition; deep brain stimulation can help many patients, but it is traditionally less effective in acquired dystonia. New surgical targets would be instrumental in providing treatment options and understanding dystonia further. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of deep brain stimulation of the cerebellum in acquired dystonia. Methods We report our management of a 37-year-old woman with severe left arm and leg dystonia, a complication of an ischemic stroke in childhood. She had already had 2 thalamotomies with only transient benefit. These procedures, in addition to her initial stroke that had damaged the basal ganglia, left traditional deep brain stimulation targets unavailable. Results After implantation of bilateral deep cerebellar nuclei, dystonia improved with a 40% reduction in severity on scales and subjective reports of improved posturing, gait, and pain. This improvement has been maintained for almost 2 years after implantation. Conclusion Cerebellar stimulation has potential for therapeutic benefit in acquired dystonia and should be further explored.
A View of Manaus 1910 – A Historical Portrait

The city of Manaos in 1910 was the centre of transformation due to the boom years of the extractive rubber industry; both Manaus and Belem doPara were the two most modern tropical metropolises of that time. This is aportrait of the economic and social structure of the city.
Profiling sensory neuron microenvironment after peripheral and central axon injury reveals key pathways for axon regeneration

Abstract Sensory neurons with cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) represent a useful model to study axon regeneration. Whereas regeneration and functional recovery occurs after peripheral nerve injury, spinal cord injury or dorsal root injury is not followed by regenerative outcomes. This results in part from a failure of central injury to elicit a pro-regenerative response in sensory neurons. However, regeneration of sensory axons in peripheral nerves is not entirely cell autonomous. Whether the different regenerative capacities after peripheral or central injury result in part from a lack of response of macrophages, satellite glial cells (SGC) or other non-neuronal cells in the DRG microenvironment remains largely unknown. To answer this question, we performed a single cell transcriptional profiling of DRG in response to peripheral (sciatic nerve crush) and central injuries (dorsal root crush and spinal cord injury). Each cell type responded differently to peripheral and central injuries. Activation of the PPAR signaling pathway in SGC, which promotes axon regeneration after nerve injury, did not occur after central injuries. Treatment with the FDA-approved PPARα agonist fenofibrate, increased axon regeneration after dorsal root injury. This study provides a map of the distinct DRG microenvironment responses to peripheral and central injuries at the single cell level and highlights that manipulating non-neuronal cells could lead to avenues to promote functional recovery after CNS injuries.
How drivers decide whether to get a fuel cell vehicle: An ethnographic decision model

Abstract This article develops and tests an ethnographic decision model (EDM) of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (FCV) adoption using interviews with California residents that either actually adopted an FCV or “seriously considered” doing so before deciding against it. We developed an initial model from 25 semi-structured interviews in which respondents self-described their decision-making processes. We iteratively tested and refined the model in a second round of 53 structured interviews. The final model consists of a first stage that assesses FCV adoption feasibility and a second stage that compares FCVs to other vehicle types. The model ultimately correctly predicts 86.8% of cases in the sample. In the first stage, respondents preferred to satisfy their need for a primary refueling station near home but a substantial number were willing to rely on a station near or on the way to work or other destination. Most drivers required a convenient backup station and a means of managing long-distance trips. Vehicle size options eliminated a few respondents. None rejected FCV adoption due to insufficient driving range. In the second stage, nearly all drivers engaged in some kind of cost comparison, though the factors considered varied greatly. Most opted for what they viewed as the less costly option, although a few FCV adopters and non-adopters were willing to pay more for their more preferred option. EDM is a promising qualitative research method for generating insights into how people navigate the decision whether or not to get an alternative-fuel vehicle.
‘Hand & Soul’: The Fin de Siècle Sociopoetics of Way & Williams and the Auvergne Press

This chapter looks at two small presses in Chicago in the late nineteenth century in terms of how their organizational infrastructure impacted the aesthetics and literary qualities of the books published. Way & Williams and the Auvergne Press became international forums for authors, artists and designers. The working methods of these publishers influenced modernist aesthetics in ways not always fully recognized as they implicitly proposed a radical libertine alternative to stiff-collared media empires of the time. This chapter sets out the contexts, methods and practices of two historical small presses that have not yet been covered by work on the modernist small press but which have significant implications for the practice and analysis of today’s small presses.
Recognizing the Importance of Chest Surgery for Transmasculine Youth.

* Abbreviation: MCS — : masculinizing chest surgery Transmasculine youth and adults often report that masculinizing chest surgery (MCS) is an important step toward gender affirmation. In a sample of 133 transmasculine youth attending a pediatric gender clinic, 82% reported being dissatisfied with breasts and 93% reported a desire for MCS.1 However, most research in this area has been focused on adults. In this issue of Pediatrics , Mehringer et al2 elicit transmasculine youth’s descriptions of their experiences with chest dysphoria and MCS. Youth described improvements in mental health and quality of life after MCS. However, despite standards of care within transgender health considering MCS medically necessary,3 Mehringer et al2 identify important systemic barriers that often prevent transmasculine youth from accessing care. Although barriers to gender-affirming care remain widespread for transgender adults,4 barriers are particularly pronounced for youth. As youth in this study describe, lack of access to MCS prolongs unnecessary distress and difficulties in functioning. As Mehringer et al2 note, many youth have insurance that will not cover MCS and cannot afford to pay out of pocket. Insurance companies commonly … Address correspondence to Laura E. Kuper, PhD, Children’s Health System of Texas, 1935 Medical District Dr, Mail Code F4.05, Dallas, TX 75235. E-mail: laura.kuper{at}childrens.com
How focus particles and accents affect attachment

This project shows that focus and information structure, as indicated by the focus particle “only” and pitch accents, influence syntactic attachment, in contrast to the well-known effects of prosodic boundaries on attachment. One written questionnaire, one completion study, and several auditory questionnaires show that the position of “only” strongly affects attachment preferences in ambiguous sentences, while contrastive pitch accents have smaller effects. The two types of focus marking do not interact but independently impact attachment. These results support a modified version of the Focus Attraction Hypothesis, with ambiguous material drawn to attach to the most important information in a sentence. This research shows that information structure can affect sentence structure as well as discourse coherence.
Comparison of Genetic Variability and Trait Association for Yield Contributing Traits among F2 Populations Generated from Wild Introgression Lines of Rice

Wild introgressions play a crucial role in improving the genetic diversity of a cultivated varieties and also act as an important source for novel alleles for crop improvement. High-yielding stable backcross introgression lines identified from inter-specific crosses of Swarna cv. Oryza sativa with Oryza nivara were crossed among each other and also with parent Swarna. The F2 populations generated from 5 crosses, viz. Swarna x 166S (C1), 166S x 14S (C2), 166S x 148S (C3), 65S x 248S (C4) and 166-2S x Swarna (C5), were evaluated for 7 phenotypic traits in field conditions. Phenotypic data were analysed for genetic variability and trait association in each population individually. Descriptive statistics and correlation of yield traits in the population and the comparison among all five populations were estimated. Among the populations, C2 showed the highest average trait values for single plant yield, tiller numbers, productive tillers and harvest index. Highest range of phenotypic variation for single plant yield was also observed in C2 followed by C5; however, wide range of variation for plant height and biomass was observed in C3 and C5. Single plant yield showed significant association with all the 7 traits consistently across the populations. Plant height and biomass also showed significant variation in trait association with other traits under study. Development of mapping populations by crossing among backcross introgression lines is a useful strategy to pyramid multiple traits of interest with minimum donor introgressions.
Automated site-specific assessment of steel structures through integrating machine learning and fracture mechanics

Abstract Despite the recent advances in using machine learning for crack identification of structures, the usefulness of artificial intelligence in guiding repair strategies is still limited due to the lack of information on the mechanism of crack formation and propagation. In this context, this paper develops an automated workflow to assess the fracture mechanism of steel structures directly from inspection images. Firstly, a U-Net is developed to find the pixel-location of a crack. Then, a Gaussian Process surrogate model is trained to predict stress intensity factors, K (indicator for fracture mechanism), for cracks with various dimensions using data from finite element simulations. In the end, by taking the dimensions of identified cracks as input, the trained Gaussian Process is used to estimate the K factors. The proposed workflow empowers an inspector to easily identify steel cracks, predict their propagation from a collection of raw images, and make rapid repair decisions on-site.
Utilization of glucocorticoids among White and Black patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Observations from the enrollment visit of a prospective registry.

BackgroundBlack patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) face higher rates of morbidity and mortality compared to White patients. Long-term glucocorticoid use has been associated with worse...
A discontinuous Galerkin formulation for solution of parabolic equations on nonconforming meshes

Non-conforming meshes are frequently employed in multi-component simulations and adaptive refinement. In this work we develop a discontinuous Galerkin framework capable of accommodating non-conforming meshes and apply our approach to analyzing the transient heat conduction problem.
Inauhzin Sensitizes p53-Dependent Cytotoxicity and Tumor Suppression of Chemotherapeutic Agents

Toxicity and chemoresistance are two major issues to hamper the success of current standard tumor chemotherapy. Combined therapy of agents with different mechanisms of action is a feasible and effective means to minimize the side effects and avoid the resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs while improving the antitumor effects. As the most essential tumor suppressor, p53 or its pathway has been an attractive target to develop a new type of molecule-targeting anticancer therapy. Recently, we identified a small molecule, Inauhzin (INZ), which can specifically activate p53 by inducing its deacetylation. In this study, we tested if combination with INZ could sensitize tumor cells to the current chemotherapeutic drugs, cisplatin (CIS) and doxorubicin (DOX). We found that compared with any single treatment, combination of lower doses of INZ and CIS or DOX significantly promoted apoptosis and cell growth inhibition in human non-small lung cancer and colon cancer cell lines in a p53-dependent fashion. This cooperative effect between INZ and CIS on tumor suppression was also confirmed in a xenograft tumor model. Therefore, this study suggests that specifically targeting the p53 pathway could enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents and markedly reduce the doses of the chemotherapy, possibly decreasing its adverse side effects.
Possible high Tc superconductivity in the Ba-La-Cu-O system

Metallic, oxygen-deficient compounds in the Ba−La−Cu−O system, with the composition BaxLa5−xCu5O5(3−y) have been prepared in polycrystalline form. Samples withx=1 and 0.75,y>0, annealed below 900°C under reducing conditions, consist of three phases, one of them a perovskite-like mixed-valent copper compound. Upon cooling, the samples show a linear decrease in resistivity, then an approximately logarithmic increase, interpreted as a beginning of localization. Finally an abrupt decrease by up to three orders of magnitude occurs, reminiscent of the onset of percolative superconductivity. The highest onset temperature is observed in the 30 K range. It is markedly reduced by high current densities. Thus, it results partially from the percolative nature, bute possibly also from 2D superconducting fluctuations of double perovskite layers of one of the phases present.
Application of simulation models in airport facility design

Lester B. Pearson - Toronto International Airport is undertaking a $4.4B development program comprising a new 390000 sq. m. terminal building (replacing two aging terminals), three new runways, cargo facilities, a central utilities plant, and an expanded road system and parking facilities. This activity is proceeding while the airport continues to operate and while requirements evolve in response to rapid changes in the airline industry. The airport has used and continues to use airport simulation models to assist in the development of program requirements and to validate design. For example, computer models have been used to generate population estimates to determine impacts on HVAC requirements and to simulate queuing at check-in counters and pre-board security screening points. This paper discusses calibration methods and the application of simulation results in the design process. Finally, the impact of the changed environment since September 11, 2001 on airport design is discussed.
Effect of kidney beans, weight gains and unsaturated fat on incidence of liver necrosis in rats.

SummaryRats fed torula yeast diets containing 30% raw kidney beans had shorter survival times and a higher incidence of liver necrosis than rats fed comparable diets without beans when body weight ...
Measuring Individual Differences in Anthropomorphism toward Machines and Animals

Two scales were constructed to assess anthropomorphism during human-machine and human-animal interactions. Participants were asked about their tendencies to self-engage in anthropomorphic behaviors...
Finding common ground: restorative justice and its theoretical construction(s)

Restorative justice presents important opportunities for those who work in the criminal justice system and those interested in community building through informal mechanisms of social control. Yet fears exist that as a result of the ‘paradoxical identity’ (Pavlich, 2005) of restorative justice, greater integration within the traditional justice system will lead to its co‐optation. This article argues that any identity challenge can be addressed by re‐situating restorative justice principles within existent criminological theories such as social disorganization, social learning and moral development. In this way, the values and characteristics central to restorative processes can be seen as complimentary and consistent and common theoretical ground can serve as the basis for greater cooperative ventures between individuals, communities and the state.
Morphology and evolutionary ecology of a sponge-barnacle symbiosis: Four new genera of barnacles (Archaeobalanidae, Bryozobiinae)

Abstract Four new genera , Eoatria , Poratria , Microporatria , and Multatria , are described, joining the previously described genus Bryozobia in the subfamily Bryozobiinae, a subfamily now represented by ten species of which four are new to science. Evidence is presented that Bryozobia is intimately associated with sponges, rather than bryozoans as Ross and Newman (1996) inferred from the intimate proximity of barnacle and bryozoan calcareous remnants. The four new genera are also associated with burrowing or encrusting sponges and generally possess secondary as well as primary radial atria between their basis and the substratum. The primary atria are aligned with portals in the suture between the wall plates and the basis whereas secondary atria can be parietal as well as interparietal. Eoatria has weakly developed, solid atria aligned with portals in the suture between the wall plates and the basis, but the atrial “ceilings” remain solid. The other genera have atria with pores or slits that develop from portals in the suture between the basis and the wall during ontogeny. All species of Bryozobiinae maintain contact with the substratum via calcareous outgrowths of the basis and/or wall, and their sponge symbiont grows from beneath and around them during ontogeny, nearly encasing them in sponge tissue. The basal atria enable the sponge to grow out from beneath the barnacle, and the evidence suggests chemical mediation by the barnacles induces the sponges to grow up around them, as it does in coral-inhabiting barnacles (Ross and Newman, 2000). This symbiosis apparently also provides the barnacles with a habitat relatively free of spatial competitors as well as protection from various predators, and allows the barnacles to thrive where other encrusting organisms cannot. While the porous, atriate bases found in some of the coral-inhabiting barnacles (Pyrgomatidae) are likely convergent, monophyly cannot presently be completely ruled out. The diagnosis of the sponge-inhabiting members of the subfamily Acastinae is amended to include only those species lacking atria that are completely embedded in host tissues: that is, having no basal contact with any other substratum.
Effects of Tmeltand tmelton the long period of polyethylene

Abstract The equilibrium state of polyethylene melt was studied by examining the effects of Tmelt and tmelt on the long period of B melt melt quenched polyethylene. The long period was found to be proportional to M−½ and to depend on Tmelt with a temperature coefficient α = −0.5 × 10−3. When the melt temperature was changed from one to the other, a relaxation time (3 to 5.5 min) was determined based on long-period measurements. In addition, the relaxation time was found to be proportional to for polydisperse linear polyethylenes. These findings, long relaxation time and the M−3.3 dependency, are discussed in light of current crystallization mechanisms and origins of the M−3.3 dependency.
Mechanical properties of polylactide after repeated cleanings

The ability of polylactide (PLA) to retain its mechanical properties after repeated cleanings at various pH levels, washing temperatures, and drying conditions has been studied. One of the problems with PLA is its poor resistance to hydrolysis, especially under alkaline conditions. In this study, PLA fabrics were sent through 50 cleaning cycles with different pH levels (8 or 10), washing temperatures (35 or 55°C), and drying conditions (air dry at 21°C/65% relative humidity or tumble dry at 50 or 70°C). The retention percentages of the breaking tenacity, breaking elongation, and modulus of the PLA yarns were measured after every 10 cleaning cycles. A pH of 8 gave greater breaking tenacity, breaking elongation, and modulus retention than pH 10. Washing PLA at 35°C and air drying it at 21°C resulted in greater modulus retention than washing and drying at higher temperatures. Hydrolysis of the polymer was the main cause of the loss in mechanical properties. Equations were developed to predict the retention percentage of the breaking tenacity, breaking elongation, and modulus based on the pH, number of cleaning cycles, and washing and drying temperatures. Recommendations for appropriate conditions for the cleaning of PLA fabrics that result in greater mechanical property retention are given. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008