cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of self-reported injuries compared to medical record data.

Abstract Background Self-reported injury data are frequently used in epidemiologic investigations. These data provide useful information about the activities and mechanisms of injuries because injury cause-coding is often not required for outpatient medical visits. Objectives The purpose of this evaluation is to determine the accuracy of self-reported military injuries when compared to injuries in outpatient medical records. Method Injuries reported by survey were compared to diagnoses for injuries (International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9-CM 800–999)) and injury-related musculoskeletal disorders (selected ICD-9-CM 710–739) obtained from medical records. Self-reported injury responses from military personnel were matched to diagnoses by date and body part. A new methodology for including secondary matching body parts was proposed and implemented. Results Infantry Soldiers (n = 5490) completed surveys that requested details about their most recent injury. About one-quarter (24%, n = 1336) reported injuries on the survey and had an injury diagnosis in their medical record in a six month period. Seventy-five percent of the self-reported injuries (n = 996 of 1336) were confirmed by medical records with a date match within 3 months and an identical or nearby body part. Common self-reported injuries were ankle sprains (10%), knee sprains (9%), lower back strains (4%), shoulder strains (3%), and lower back pain (3%). Conclusions A high percentage of self-reported injuries were accurate when compared with medical records, substantiating the use of survey data for the evaluation of injury outcomes. This is the first effort to validate self-reported injuries and musculoskeletal disorders with medical records in a large military population.
P175 Incorporating Garden Lessons in Schools Leads to Positive Opportunities

Objective To determine the appropriateness and feasibility of incorporating a gardening lesson into the existing Marshall University Nutrition Education Program (NEP) SNAP-Ed curriculum. Use of Theory or Research Endinjon & Besnilian identified an increase in the identification of food groups with a garden-enhanced nutrition education program. Research has identified that children who had more gardening experience had greater exposure, preference, and consumption of vegetables than those who had less. Target Audience SNAP-Ed administrators/educators, higher education faculty, dietetic interns/students. Program Description The aim of our SNAP-Ed funded NEP is to improve the health of low-income youth through school-based programming that focuses on healthy food choices and physical activity behaviors. In 2017, the program incorporated gardening lessons in the existing curriculum in 45 schools. Evaluation Methods A 21-question process evaluation surveyed NEP educators and dietetic interns to determine the appropriateness and feasibility of the gardening lesson. The evaluation looked at age appropriateness of gardening lessons and activities; taste-testing demonstrations; lesson preparation time; barriers to lesson implementation; and suggestions for changes to the current lessons. Results Lesson preparation time was more extensive; although, overall more interactive than others in the curriculum. The lesson was difficult to implement in the allotted 30 minute time frame. The timing of the lesson could be improved if taught in the fall semester so students could see and taste the harvest. Conclusions Educators and interns believe that the gardening lesson could be extended by integrating gardening into other lessons in the curriculum and by developing a larger gardening activity to better utilize school gardens. The incorporation of the gardening lesson into the NEP curriculum has shown to be a favorite of the students and teachers who are participating in the environmental changes.
Badges and Incidents: A Transdisciplinary History of the Right to Education in America

In Badges and Incidents, Michael J. Kaufman undertakes an interdisciplinary investigation of American education law and pedagogy. By weaving together the invaluable insights of law, education, history, political science, economics, psychology, and neuroscience, this book illuminates the ways in which the design of the American educational system does not reflect how human beings live and learn. It examines the principles of the nation's Founders and demonstrates how a distorted presentation of the Founders' views curtailed the development of a truly democratic educational system. The influence of this distortion on several critical Supreme Court decisions is exposed, and these decisions have largely failed to facilitate the educational system the Founders envisioned. By placing contemporary challenges in context and endorsing social constructivist pedagogy as the best path forward, Kaufman's study will prove invaluable to advocates of equity in education, helping them navigate a contentious political climate with an eye toward future reform efforts.
The Impact of the Gig-Economy on Financial Hardship Among Low-Income Families

Problem Definition: New work arrangements coordinated by gig-economy platforms offer workers discretion over their work schedules at the expense of traditional worker protections. We empirically measure the impact of expanding access to gigs on worker welfare, with a focus on low-income families. Academic/Practical Relevance: Understanding the welfare implication of access to gigs informs workers considering working gigs and regulators empowered to protect them. Additionally, firms who rely on this working arrangement may find themselves exposed to increased worker turnover and regulatory intervention if gigs negatively impact worker welfare. Methodology: We analyze a novel data set documenting the financial health of a sample of low-income families. We are interested in the likelihood that a family experiences hardship, meaning they fail to pay their bills on time. We leverage the sequential launch of Uber's UberX service across locations to identify the impact of the associated increase in access to gigs on hardship via a difference-in-differences design. The granularity of our data allows exploration of possible mechanisms for our results. Results: We find that UberX increases hardship among the low-income population, primarily by decreasing overall take-home pay (i.e. annual income less expenses). This is despite a corresponding reduction in income volatility, generally a boon to low-income families who have insufficient savings to weather unexpected dips in earnings. Managerial Implications: These results caution that gigs can be harmful to the most vulnerable members of society, bolstering the position of Uber drivers suing for employee status and governments seeking to regulate the gig economy. Our analysis of mechanisms driving this result offers guidance for effective mechanisms for improving worker financial health in the presence of gigs. Further, we find that gigs offer potential benefits to the low-income population through reduction in income volatility.
9.18 – Comparative Hepatotoxicology

Livestock, pet animals, and wildlife are exposed to a great variety of poisonous chemicals, some of which have the potential for inducing liver damage. Whether the chemical exposure will be to natural plant or animal toxins or to man-made toxicants can vary widely because of drastic differences in the environment of domesticated and wild animals. In addition, the exposure can vary from a massive single exposure to a low-level chronic one. Because of numerous anatomic and physiologic reasons mentioned in earlier chapters, the liver is frequently a target organ for toxicant-induced damage. This appears to be true for all animals, although species-related anatomic and physiologic differences can modify the hepatotoxicity.
Salvage Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Isolated Local Recurrence After Primary Surgical Resection of Non-small-cell Lung Cancer.

Abstract Introduction We sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) as salvage treatment for local recurrence after prior surgical resection for non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods We surveyed our prospective lung SBRT registry for patients who received salvage SBRT (sSBRT) for local recurrence after previous resection of a primary NSCLC. Following sSBRT, local control, distant metastases, overall survival, and treatment-related toxicity were evaluated. Results From 2004 to 2017, 48 patients met inclusion criteria. At initial surgery, 44 (83%) patients had stage I to II disease, and surgical approaches were 47.9% wedge resection, 4.2% segmentectomy, 43.8% lobectomy, and 4.2% bilobectomy. The median time to local recurrence after surgery was 26.4 months, and 36 (75%) recurrences were biopsy-proven. Surgical salvage was not possible owing to un-resectability or underlying comorbidities in 45 (93.8%) patients. Most (68.8%) patients received 50 Gy in 5 fractions. The median follow-up after sSBRT was 22.6 months (range, 3.8-108.8 months). Eight (16.7%) patients experienced local or lobar failure, and 9 (19.1%) patients had nodal failure at a median of 12.5 months (range, 2-66.1 months). Nineteen (39.6%) patients failed distantly at a median of 11.4 months. The median overall survival after sSBRT was 29.3 months. A total of 72.9% of patients experienced no toxicity after sSBRT. Three (6.3%) patients developed grade III toxicity (cough, atelectasis, or soft tissue necrosis) following sSBRT. Conclusions Similar to SBRT for primary early stage NSCLC, sSBRT for local relapse following surgical resection of NSCLC offers high rates of local control with limited toxicity. Distant failure remains the primary pattern of failure.
Medical Student Education Roadblock Due to COVID-19: Virtual Radiology Core Clerkship to the Rescue.

Rationale and Objectives Medical schools were upended by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in suspension of all in-person educational activities, and leaving clinical clerkships on hold indefinitely. A virtual curriculum and novel teaching methods were needed to fulfill curricular requirements. We developed a comprehensive virtual radiology clerkship and evaluated the efficacy of this novel method of teaching. Materials and Methods A 4-week virtual radiology clerkship was designed to accommodate medical students who had not yet completed the required clerkship. The design included online flipped classroom modules, large group didactic lectures, and small group homeroom activities. Student performance was assessed via a standardized online final exam. Feedback from students was collected using online surveys. Student performance was compared to the in-person radiology clerkship. Results One hundred and eleven medical students were enrolled in the virtual radiology clerkship. Final exam scores were similar to the in-person clerkship. Students indicated that small group homeroom activities had the highest overall satisfaction. Students recognized enthusiastic teachers regardless of class format. Exceptional course content and organization were also noted. Course weaknesses included didactic lecture content which was repetitive or too advanced, the limited opportunity to build personal connections with faculty, and scheduling conflicts with other competing school activities. Conclusion A completely virtual radiology core clerkship can be a successful educational experience for medical students during a time when remote learning is required. A small group learning environment is most successful for student engagement. Personal connections between faculty and students can be challenging in a virtual course.
College students’ patterns of electronic nicotine delivery system use and other substance use

Electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use on college campuses increased dramatically in recent years. Little is known about how ENDS use among college students relates to other substance use. ...
Implementation of School-Based Behavioral Health Services Over Time: A Longitudinal, Multi-level Qualitative Study

Behavioral health practitioners recognize how critical the process of implementation is to the successful use of evidence-based practices. It is further recognized that implementation is a complex, time-consuming process and that successful implementation often occurs in stages. Capitalizing on a national evaluation examining the implementation of school-based behavioral health (SBBH) services, this project involved an analysis of qualitative interview data to assess the unique barriers and facilitators that arise across time and organizational levels in the implementation of SBBH services. Forty-eight semi-structured telephone interviews were analyzed across 3 years and two organizational levels in seven sites (n = 48). Qualitative analysis identified five major implementation facilitators including communication and collaboration, data utilization, leadership, planning, and training. Major barriers to implementation included systemic state/governmental barriers, workforce shortages, and funding issues. While there were small changes in the relative importance of these facilitators and barriers over time and by organizational level, the most salient barriers and facilitators remained important across all 3 years of the study. Differences across organizational levels included greater emphasis at local levels for facilitators such as training and leadership and a greater emphasis at state levels for state/governmental barriers. Results suggest that while the importance of given facilitators and barriers changes as implementation progresses, the major factors that contribute to implementation are likely to remain unchanged over time. Effective communication/collaboration among stakeholders remains a powerful facilitator across time, and systemic state/governmental barriers remain a potent barrier. Implications for increasing successful integration of behavioral health services in public school settings are discussed.
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations between Non-School Time Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Adiposity among Boys and Girls: An Isotemporal Substitution Approach

This study investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of the substitution of non-school time light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary time (ST) with adiposity in boys and girls. Boys (n = 65, baseline Mage= 9.93 ± 0.86 years) and girls (n = 77, baseline Mage = 10.17 ± 0.95 years) wore waist-worn accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X) at baseline and at a 30-month follow-up, from which non-school time LPA, MVPA, ST, and total device wear were quantified. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height-ratio (WHR) were measured at baseline and follow-up. Body fat percent (BF%) was obtained at follow-up only. Isotemporal substitution models assessed the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of reallocating non-school time activity with BMI, WHR and BF%. In boys, replacing 30 min/day of LPA with MVPA was cross-sectionally (β = -8.26, p 0.05). These results may support targeting activity reallocation during non-school time for the purposes of adiposity improvement in boys. A multi-behavioral approach may be more appropriate for girls, as non-school time activity may not be driving adiposity status.
Semisynthesis of functional transmembrane proteins in GUVs

Cellular transmembrane (TM) proteins are essential sentries of the cell facilitating cell-cell communication, internal signaling, and solute transport. Reconstituting functional TM proteins into model membranes remains a challenge due to the difficulty of expressing hydrophobic TM domains and the required use of detergents. Herein, we use a intein-mediated ligation strategy to semisynthesize bitopic TM proteins in synthetic membranes. We have adapted the trans splicing capabilities of split inteins for a native peptide ligation between a synthetic TM peptide embedded in the membrane of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and an expressed soluble protein. We demonstrate that the extracellular domain of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), a mammalian transmembrane immune checkpoint receptor, retains its function for binding its ligand PD-L1 at a reconstituted membrane interface after ligation to a synthetic TM peptide in GUV membranes. We envision that the construction of full-length TM proteins using orthogonal split intein-mediated semisynthetic protein ligations will expand applications of membrane protein reconstitution in pharmacology, biochemistry, biophysics, and artificial cell development.
Reaching new heights

Purpose – The purpose of this report is to highlight findings from research presented at the 2006 Administrative Sciences Association of Canada conference in Banff, Alberta.Design/methodology – Ten papers, of interest to Equal Opportunities International readers, were selected from the proceedings and presentations made at the conference for this report. The papers themselves vary in terms of research design and methodology. There was a mix of conceptual/review papers and empirical studies, using both quantitative and qualitative methods.Findings – Findings from the empirical studies showed that women and minorities continue to face barriers in employment and the workplace. Women continue to experience gender role stereotypes detrimental to their careers, while minorities face both discrimination and harassment at work.Originality/value – Each of the papers selected demonstrated new insights, both conceptually and empirically, and contributes to the literature on diversity.
Uveitis (Iritis) Associated with Ulcerative and Granulomatous Colitis

Summary The late results of 13 patients with uveitis complicating inflammatory disease of the colon have been determined. The incidence was 1.9%. One-third are presumed to have had granulomatous as opposed to ulcerative colitis. There was a 2.2:1 ratio of female to male patients. The mean follow-up was 21 years. The uveitis complicating inflammatory disease of the colon almost always involves the anterior uveal tract (iritis) and is of the nongranulomatous type. It has the same characteristics as iritis occurring independently or in association with other diseases. Uveitis in association with colitis occurred most commonly during an exacerbation of colonic symptoms, almost as frequently when the colitis was quiescent, and in 4 cases it preceded the onset of primary colonic symptoms. Uveitis without associated disease should lead to a search for inflammatory disease of the colon. When uveitis occurs with ulcerative or granulomatous colitis, the incidence of complicating arthritis, erythema nodosum, and aphthous stomatitis is much higher than in the general ulcerative colitis population. All of these may be considered immune phenomena and the uveitis and the colitis should probably be considered manifestations of the same process rather than one resulting from the other. The uveitis associated with ulcerative or granulomatous colitis has a high recurrence rate (one attack only in 3, two attacks in 1, three attacks in 2, and multiple attacks in 7). Steroid therapy in local or systemic form reverses the acute attack of uveitis but only modifies the chronicity following many recurrences. Blindness has resulted in 2 cases (while the colitis itself was quiescent), and loss of vision in one eye occurred in another. Uveitis is unlikely to recur after colectomy, and its occurrence should support other indications for colonic surgery. It is doubtful that colectomy would reverse the damage to the eye when the uveal inflammation has been constant and prolonged.
TOWARDS A THEORY OF WORK INTENSITY

There is a conflict of interest between workers and firms over the intensity of labor effort. The labor market may fail, or simply be too costly, as a mechanism for resolving this conflict, and so nonmarket allocative mechanisms embedded in the institutional arrangements of shopfloor governance serve this purpose. Future research should focus on worker voice mechanisms and the behavior of supervisors and informal work groups in order better to understand labor effort outcomes. Which sorts of institutional arrangements result in efficient labor effort also requires further research. Evidence suggests that existing institutional arrangements may be neither the most efficient possible or even efficiency enhancing compared to formerly existing arrangements.
An Informal Formal Method for Systematic JUnit Test Case Generation

The JUnit testing tool is widely used to support the central XP concept of "test first" software development. While JUnit provides Java classes for expressing test cases and test suites, it does not provide or proscribe per se any guidelines for deciding what test cases are good ones for any particular class. We have developed a method for systematically creating complete and consistent test classes for JUnit. Called JAX (for Junit Axioms), the method is based on Guttag's algebraic specification of abstract data types. We demonstrate an informal use of ADT semantics for guiding JUnit test method generation; the programmer uses no formal notation other than Java, and the procedure meshes with XP test-as-design principles. Preliminary experiments show that informal JAX-based testing finds more errors than an ad hoc form of JUnit testing.
Dubai Duty Free

In mid-February 2009, Dubai Duty Free Managing Director Colm McLoughlin received the January sales report. He left the report lying on his desk unopened and went to walk around the shops as he did every morning. When he returned, he sat down at his desk, looked at the cover of the report, then called his wife, Breeda, to confirm that they were hosting a dinner party that weekend for some friends from Ireland who were in town for a golf tournament Dubai Duty Free was supporting.Learning Objective:To demonstrate how value is created in a customer centric organization.
Estimation of parameter uncertainty using inverse model sensitivities

Forward model sensitivities are commonly applied to evaluate the uncertainty in model parameter estimates obtained through inverse analysis. In this case, the forward sensitivity (Jacobian) matrix is applied to compute an approximate representation of the covariance matrix of inverse parameter estimates. However, this approach can produce biased estimates of the covariance matrix because it does not account accurately for correlations between uncertainty of calibration targets and estimates. Typically, these correlations are non-linear and depend on the spatial and temporal structure of inverse targets and estimated parameters. A better but much more computationally intensive method to measure parameter uncertainty, which we call the inverse-sensitivity approach, directly evaluates the sensitivity of inverse estimates of model parameters with respect to the calibration targets. Further, we can evaluate the sensitivity of model predictions based on inverse model parameter estimates with respect to the calibration targets. The proposed methodology can also be applied to problems such as estimation of predictive uncertainty, optimization of data collection strategies, and design of monitoring networks. Its implementation can be performed efficiently through parallelization. Results based on a simple groundwater flow inverse problem are presented to illustrate the basis for the method.
Eating Barley Too Frequently or in Excess Decreases Lambs’ Preference for Barley but Sodium Bicarbonate and Lasalocid Attenuate the Response

We conducted experiments to deter- mine whether preference for barley was affected when lambs ate various amounts of barley and whether lambs ate more barley when it contained lasalocid and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) , both of which attenu- ate acidosis. In Exp. 1, lambs were assigned to two treatments (six lambs/treatment). For 2 d, lambs in two treatments were offered either 400 or 1,200 g of rolled barley from 0600 to 0700 as a preload meal. A preference ratio (PR = barley ingested/(total amount of alfalfa + barley ingested)) was calculated based on lambs' intake when offered a choice of 200 g each of rolled barley and alfalfa pellets hourly from 0700 to 1100. After the preload meal, lambs in Treatment 1 (400 g preload) showed equal preference for barley (.52) and alfalfa (.48) for 4 h on d 1 (P > .05); their preference for barley was less after the meal of barley on d 1 ( .52) than on d 2 (.72), but their preference for barley declined between h 3 (.81) and 4 ( .55) of d 2 (P = .11). Lambs in Treatment 2 (1,200 g preload) showed a low preference for barley on d 1 (.29) and 2 (.19) (P .05) to that by controls. We conclude that eating barley too frequently or in excess caused a decrease in lambs' preference for barley and that NaHCO 3 and lasalocid attenuated the aversion.
Visualizing high-dimensional structure with the incremental grid growing neural network

Understanding high-dimensional real world data usually requires learning the structure of the data space. The structure may contain high-dimensional clusters that are related in complex ways. Methods such as merge clustering and self-organizing maps are designed to aid the visualization and interpretation of such data. However, these methods often fail to capture critical structural properties of the input. Although self-organizing maps capture high-dimensional topology, they do not represent cluster boundaries or discontinuities. Merge clustering extracts clusters, but it does not capture local or global topology. This paper proposes an algorithm that combines the topology-preserving characteristics of self-organizing maps with a flexible, adaptive structure that learns the cluster boundaries in the data.
Autonomous Mobile Robots and Distributed Exploratory Missions

This paper presents our design philosophy for robotic teams involved in distributed exploratory missions, such as military reconnaissance, scientific exploration, and security patrols. It outlines the fundamental requirements of these mission types, finds commonalities among them, analyzes the roles robots can play, and notes research areas requiring greater attention.
Chemorheology investigation of a glassy epoxy thermoset on tensile plastic flow and fracture morphology

Reproducible and uncharacteristic tensile stress–strain behavior of cured glassy epoxy-amine networks produces distinctive fracture surfaces. Test specimens exhibiting plastic flow result in mirror-like fracture surfaces, whereas samples that fail during yield or strain softening regions possess nominal mirror-mist-hackle topography. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy reveal branched nodule morphologies in the 50-nm size scale that may be responsible for the unusual tensile properties. Current hypothesis is that plastic flow of the glassy thermoset occurs through the existence and deformation of these nodular nanostructures. The thermal cure profile of the epoxy-amine thermoset affects the size and formation of the nodular nanostructure. Eliminating vitrification during thermoset polymerization forms a more continuous phase, reduction in size of the nodules, and eliminates the capacity of the material to yield in plastic flow. This maximizes nanostructure connectivity of the glassy epoxy-amine thermoset and reduces strain to failure significantly. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1333–1344.
The discovery of the fat-regulating phosphatidic acid phosphatase gene

Phosphatidic acid phosphatase is a fat-regulating enzyme that plays a major role in controlling the balance of phosphatidic acid (substrate) and diacylglycerol (product), which are lipid precursors used for the synthesis of membrane phospholipids and triacylglycerol. Phosphatidic acid is also a signaling molecule that triggers phospholipid synthesis gene expression, membrane expansion, secretion, and endocytosis. While this important enzyme has been known for several decades, its gene was only identified recently from yeast. This discovery showed the importance of phosphatidic acid phosphatase in lipid metabolism in yeast as well as in higher eukaryotes including humans.
Microbial Assimilation of Hydrocarbons: Identification of Phospholipids

Abstract The distribution of phospholipids derived from Micrococcus cerificans was determined under a variety of nutritive conditions. Cells were grown with hexadecane, heptadecane, or acetate serving as the sole carbon source. Total lipid was isolated by chloroform-methanol extraction, and the phospholipid fraction was isolated by silicic acid column chromatography. The phospholipids were characterized by silicic acid chromatography, by thin-layer chromatography, and by identification of water-soluble products resulting from acid hydrolysis of purified phospholipids. Major phospholipids characterized were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin. Minor phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol phosphate and phosphatidylserine. Trace amounts of methylated derivatives of phosphatidylethanolamine were determined by incorporation of 14C from 14C-methylmethionine. These experiments demonstrated the presence of phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-N,N′-dimethylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine in trace quantities. Pulse labeling with 14C-serine demonstrated the direct incorporation of serine into phosphatidylserine followed by decarboxylation to phosphatidylethanolamine.
Triple-Transgenic Model of Alzheimer's Disease with Plaques and Tangles: Intracellular Aβ and Synaptic Dysfunction

The neuropathological correlates of Alzheimer's disease (AD) include amyloid-beta (Abeta) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. To study the interaction between Abeta and tau and their effect on synaptic function, we derived a triple-transgenic model (3xTg-AD) harboring PS1(M146V), APP(Swe), and tau(P301L) transgenes. Rather than crossing independent lines, we microinjected two transgenes into single-cell embryos from homozygous PS1(M146V) knockin mice, generating mice with the same genetic background. 3xTg-AD mice progressively develop plaques and tangles. Synaptic dysfunction, including LTP deficits, manifests in an age-related manner, but before plaque and tangle pathology. Deficits in long-term synaptic plasticity correlate with the accumulation of intraneuronal Abeta. These studies suggest a novel pathogenic role for intraneuronal Abeta with regards to synaptic plasticity. The recapitulation of salient features of AD in these mice clarifies the relationships between Abeta, synaptic dysfunction, and tangles and provides a valuable model for evaluating potential AD therapeutics as the impact on both lesions can be assessed.
Structure and Mass Spectrum of Elementary Particles. II. Oscillator Model

As an illustration of the general considerations on nonlocal fields in the preceding letter, let us assume that the operator F has a very simple form $$ F = - \frac{{\partial ^2 }} {{\partial X_\mu \partial X_\mu }} + \frac{{\lambda ^2 }} {2}\left[ { - \frac{{\partial ^2 }} {{\partial r_\mu \partial r_\mu }} + \frac{1} {{\lambda ^4 }}r_\mu r_\mu } \right], $$ (1) where λ is a small constant with the dimension of length. One may call this the four-dimensional oscillator model for the elementary particle, which was considered first by Born1 in connection with his idea of a self-reciprocity. However, our model differs from his model in that we have introduced internal degrees of freedom of the particles which are related to the nonlocalizability of the field itself.
Academic Discourse and Literacy Narratives as "Equipment for Living"

In his article "Academic Discourse and Narratives of Literacy as 'Equipment for Living'" Kris Rutten discusses practices of academic discourse and argues that students entering higher education have to become part of a specific community of institutional discourse. Rutten claims that narratives of and about literacy — narratives that revolve around issues dealing with language and the acquisition of literacy — "dramatize" the tension of moving from one discourse community to another. By charting situations of "type," fictional literacy narratives can be used by students as "equipment for living" in order to reflect on confrontations and difficulties they experience in higher education. Kenneth Burke's "dramatistic pentad" is introduced as an analytical tool to study representations and interpretations of institutional discourse in fictional narratives. In a case study, the popular literacy narrative Educating Rita is analyzed and confronted with personal reflections of students. Further, Rutten discusses what can be learned from a rhetorical perspective on literacy about roles (identities) and language (institutional discourses) in higher education. Kris Rutten, "Academic Discourse and Literacy Narratives as 'Equipment for Living'" page 2 of 8 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 13.4 (2011):
The Girard College Case: Resolution and Social Significance

cil of the Wharton School of Finance and Commerce, University of Pennsylvania, 1952). 29. Straus, Donald B., Hickey-Freeman Company and Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America: A Case Study (Washington, D.C.: National Planning Association, 1949). 30. Umpire, Ford Motor Co., and UAWCIO, Discharge for Theft, Case Nos. 5867, 5869, 5872, 5873, 5990o, Highland Park, Local 400, Opinion A-256, August 4, 1948. 31. U. S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Manufacturers, 1954, Vol. II, Industry Statistics. 32. U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau cf Labor Statistics, Arbitration of LaborManagement Grievances: Bet hl e he m Steel Company and United Steelworkers of America, 1942-52, Bulletin No. 1159. 33. Whitney, Fred, The Collective Bargaining Agreement (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University School of Business, Bureau of Business Research, 1957). 34. Witte, Edwin E., Historical Survey of Labor Arbitration (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1952).
On the formation of substructure in alpha plutonium at high pressures

Abstract Studies of the microstructure produced in plutonium after solid state treatments or cooling from the liquid phase at pressures over 30 kbar are presented. Above 30 kbar, only the alpha and beta solid phases of plutonium exist. Upon cooling through the beta → alpha transformation, plastic deformations are produced. A discussion of the sources of these plastic strains is given. Strains resulting from the deformation apparently are relieved by the formation of a substructure with low angle boundaries, a process that may be broadly classified as polygonization. This behavior is similar to that of uranium. By control of the variables that lead to the formation of substructure, thermal treatments at high pressures can be used to grow large crystals of alpha plutonium.
Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein Is a Cell-Intrinsic Factor Inhibiting Parvovirus DNA Replication

Tripartite motif proteins are important viral restriction factors and affect processes ranging from uncoating to transcription to immune signaling. Specifically, the promyelocytic leukemia protein (TRIM19; also called PML) is a viral restriction factor inhibiting processes from uncoating to transcription to cell survival. Here we investigated PML's effect on adeno-associated virus (AAV), a parvovirus used for gene delivery. Although dependovirus (AAV) and autonomous parvovirus (minute virus of mice) replication centers can colocalize with PML, PML's functional effect on parvoviruses is unknown. Using PML knockout mice, we determined that PML knockout enhances recombinant AAV2 (rAAV2) transduction at a range of vector doses in both male and female mice. In fact, male and female PML knockout mice exhibited up to 56-fold and 28-fold increases in transduction, respectively. PML inhibited several rAAV serotypes, suggesting a conserved mechanism, and organ specificity correlated with PML expression. Mechanistically, PML inhibited rAAV second-strand DNA synthesis, precluding inhibition of self-complementary rAAV, and did not affect the prior steps in transduction. Furthermore, we confirmed the effect of human PML on rAAV transduction through small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown in HuH7 cells and determined that the highest level of inhibition was due to effects of PML isoform II (PMLII). Overexpression of PMLII resulted in inhibition of second-strand synthesis, vector production, and genome replication. Moreover, wild-type AAV2 production and infectivity were also inhibited by PMLII, demonstrating a PML interaction with wild-type AAV. These data have important implications for AAV-mediated gene therapy. Additionally, PMLII inhibition of AAV second-strand synthesis and replication, which are processes necessary for all parvoviruses, suggests implications for replication of other parvoviruses.
The Dramas of Ourika and Joseph de Boulogne, Chevalier de Saint‐Georges

This article compares the pronounced differences between the early nineteenth‐century dramatic adaptations about two historical individuals – Ourika and the Chevalier de Saint‐Georges – in France. The 1824 series of plays about Ourika refuse intermarriage as a denouement, in consonance with the original novella. Likewise, the 1839 novel about the Chevalier maintains the impossibility of intermarriage, describing instead only illicit sexual relationships between people of different races. On the other hand, the 1840 play about the Chevalier concludes with a proposal of marriage by a white woman to a black man, conflating gender with racial equality.
It was the age of wisdom, it is the age of hope

In a spirit of intellectual honestly, Franks (1997) provides an evaluation of the best and worst of behavior therapy from the eyes of a founding member. In so doing, he notes that conceptual and theoretical advancement of behavior therapy as a science has given way to professional advancement. In this commentary, it is agreed that behavior therapy, in its present form, is less descriptive of the actual practices of a unique group of scientists and practitioners who call themselves behavior therapists because of what they do. It is suggested that the hope of behavior therapy rests in our ability to reestablish our identity and integrity with basic behavioral principles and functional, process-oriented thinking.
Carbohydrate moieties as important allergens

Results: A total of 24 patients were identifi ed as having delayed-onset urticaria/angioedema or anaphylaxis 3 to 6 hours after ingesting red meat. In addition to positive skin tests, the patients had serum-specifi c IgE antibodies to beef, pork, lamb, cow’s milk, cat, and dog but not to turkey, chicken, or fi sh. Absorption experiments indicated that the pattern of sensitization was caused by the presence of IgE specifi c to α-gal.
Exchange-Energy Constants in Some S = 1 2 Two-Dimensional Heisenberg Ferromagnets

Several of the ferromagnetic two-dimensional magnetic structures similar to ${(\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{3}\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{3})}_{2}$Cu${\mathrm{Cl}}_{4}$ have been studied by electron-paramagnetic resonance (EPR) methods and also by measuring magnetic susceptibility as a function of temperature, in order to determine the exchange-energy constants. A linear temperature dependence of the EPR linewidths shows (after Castner and Seehra) that the Dzialoshinsky-Moriya antisymmetric exchange interaction ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathcal{D}}}_{\mathrm{ij}}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{S}}}_{i}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{S}}}_{j}$ must be included with the usual symmetric terms in the calculation of the moments. These compounds indicate an "intermediate" case where the antisymmetric exchange term is comparable in magnitude to the dipole-dipole energy. The values of the isotropic exchange energy $J$ are derived by fitting the susceptibility data to a high-temperature expansion of the susceptibility with the leading contribution of $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathcal{D}}$ included in the expansion. Values of $J\ensuremath{\approx}10$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ are found with $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathcal{D}}$ more than twenty-times smaller. Additional comments are made about the thermochroic transition exhibited by these substances.
Prediction of pelvic organ prolapse using an artificial neural network.

Objective The objective of this investigation was to test the ability of a feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) to differentiate patients who have pelvic organ prolapse (POP) from those who retain good pelvic organ support. Study Design Following institutional review board approval, patients with POP (n = 87) and controls with good pelvic organ support (n = 368) were identified from the urogynecology research database. Historical and clinical information was extracted from the database. Data analysis included the training of a feedforward ANN, variable selection, and external validation of the model with an independent data set. Results Twenty variables were used. The median-performing ANN model used a median of 3 (quartile 1:3 to quartile 3:5) variables and achieved an area under the receiver operator curve of 0.90 (external, independent validation set). Ninety percent sensitivity and 83% specificity were obtained in the external validation by ANN classification. Conclusion Feedforward ANN modeling is applicable to the identification and prediction of POP.
Numerical estimation of effective elastic moduli of syntactic foams

The macroscopic elastic behavior of hollow microsphere filled composites, collectively known as syntactic foams, is studied using analytical and numerical methods. In the analytical model, the effective bulk modulus is first estimated, and then using solid harmonics appropriate for a uniaxial tensile field, the effective Poisson's ratio of the composite is determined. The macroscale material properties are also estimated using finite element (FE) analysis of representative unit cells. Using the analytical model, the applicability of unit cell FE methods in the estimation of effective elastic properties of the syntactic foam is assessed. The influence of particle distribution on the elastic moduli is studied using a full three-dimensional (3D) FE method. The moduli obtained for different distributions showed little scatter, and the average values of bulk modulus match closely with the analytical results.
A Novel Conotoxin Framework with a Helix−Loop−Helix (Cs α/α) Fold†

Venomous predatory animals, such as snakes, spiders, scorpions, sea anemones, and cone snails, produce a variety of highly stable cystine-constrained peptide scaffolds as part of their neurochemical strategy for capturing prey. Here we report a new family of four-cystine, three-loop conotoxins (designated framework 14). Three peptides of this family (flf14a−c) were isolated from the venom of Conus floridanus floridensis, and one (vil14a) was isolated from the venom of Conus villepinii, two worm-hunting Western Atlantic cone snail species. The primary structure for these peptides was determined using Edman degradation sequencing, and their cystine pairing was assessed by limited hydrolysis with a combination of CNBr and chymotrypsin under nonreducing, nonalkylating conditions in combination with MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the resulting peptidic fragments. CD spectra and nanoNMR spectroscopy of these conotoxins directly isolated from the cone snails revealed a highly helical secondary structure for the four c...
Development of oral anticoagulants

Warfarin has been the drug of choice for the prophylaxis and treatment of arterial and venous thrombotic disorders for over half a century [1]. It is the only oral anticoagulant currently approved for use in the US. Warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist, inhibits four vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors including prothrombin (factor II) and factors VII, IX and X through post-translational modification, and its anticoagulant effect is mainly due to down regulation of prothrombin and factor Xa [2]. Despite its well documented efficacy for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after orthopaedic surgery and stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation, warfarin has a narrow therapeutic window, with significant risks of haemorrhage at therapeutic concentrations. It has important limitations in clinical practice, including numerous drug and food interactions, slow onset of action, and more importantly the need for frequent laboratory monitoring to minimize the risk of inadequate anticoagulation and haemorrhagic events [3]. These limitations of warfarin have fostered a great interest in the development of novel anticoagulants for oral use to potentially replace warfarin. The design of specific inhibitors against molecular targets that play a pivotal role in the coagulation cascade has been the basis for a rational strategy for oral anticoagulant development [4]. The principal molecular targets are factor IIa (thrombin) and factor Xa. Two candidate compounds, one direct thrombin inhibitor (dabigatran etexilate developed by Boehringer Ingelheim) and one direct factor Xa inhibitor (rivaroxaban developed by Bayer), have entered phase III trials and are likely to emerge as new oral anticoagulants in the near future. A number of detailed review articles on the development of these oral anticoagulants has been recently published, shedding light on this fast growing field [5–7].
Modular object-oriented programming with units and mixins

Module and class systems have evolved to meet the demand for reuseable software components. Considerable effort has been invested in developing new module and class systems, and in demonstrating how each promotes code reuse. However, relatively little has been said about the interaction of these constructs, and how using modules and classes together can improve programs. In this paper, we demonstrate the synergy of a particular form of modules and classes---called units and mixins, respectively---for solving complex reuse problems in a natural manner.
The Natural Distribution of Radiocarbon and the Exchange Time of Carbon Dioxide Between Atmosphere and Sea

Steady-state equations governing the transfer and distribution of a radioactive isotope between its various exchange reservoirs are applied to the natural distribution of carbon 14. The radiocarbon enrichment or depletion in each reservoir, relative to the hypothetical state in which mixing is infinitely faster than the decay rate, is evaluated as a quantitative function of the exchange rates between the reservoirs. From the observed distribution of C 12 , C 13 , and C 14 in the atmosphere, biosphere, and sea, and from the estimated production rate of C 14 by cosmic rays, the residence time of a carbon dioxide molecule in the atmosphere, before entering the sea, is found to be between four and ten years. The atmospheric residence time may also be evaluated, independently of the estimated C 14 production rate, by considering the functional dependence of the C 14 concentration in the oceanic mixed layer on the residence times in the atmosphere and the deep sea. This second method of evaluation also leads to an atmospheric residence time of about seven years. The average annual exchange flux of carbon dioxide into the sea is thus about 2 times 10 −2 moles per square centimeter of sea surface. The average residence time of carbon dioxide in the deep sea is estimated as probably not more than about 500 years. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1957.tb01848.x