cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Appropriateness of medication selection for older persons in an urban academic emergency department.

Objectives: To determine the frequency of potentially inappropriate medication selection for older persons presenting to the ED, the most common problematic drugs, risk factors for suboptimal medication selection, and whether use of these medications is associated with worse outcomes. Methods: The authors performed a prospective cohort study of 898 patients 65 years or older who presented to an urban academic ED in 1995 and 1996. Seventy-nine percent of the patients were African-American and 43% did not graduate from high school. Potentially inappropriate medications and adverse drug-disease interactions were identified using the 1997 Beers explicit criteria for elders. During the three months after the initial visit, revisits to the ED or hospital, death, and changes in health-related quality of life were analyzed as measured by validated questions adapted from the Medical Outcomes Study. Results: Upon presentation, 10.6% of the patients were taking a potentially inappropriate medication, 3.6% were given one in the ED, and 5.6% were prescribed one upon discharge from the ED. The most frequently prescribed potentially inappropriate medications in the ED were diphenhydramine, indomethacin, meperidine, and cyclobenzaprine. Emergency physicians added potentially inappropriate medications most often to patients with discharge diagnoses of musculoskeletal disorder, back pain, gout, and allergy or urticaria. Potentially adverse drug-disease interactions were relatively uncommon at presentation (5.2%), in the ED (0.6%), and on discharge from the ED (1.2%). Potentially inappropriate medications and adverse drug-disease interactions prescribed in the ED were not associated with higher rates of revisit to the ED, hospitalization, or death, but were correlated with worse physical function and pain. However, confidence intervals were wide for analyses of revisits and death. Conclusions: Suboptimal medication selection was fairly common and was associated with worse patient-reported health-related quality of life.
Influence of zinc and vitamin D on bone constituents of the rat.

Abstract The effect of vitamin D on deposition of bone constituents in femur of rats fed diets providing 9 per cent of protein with and without added zinc or 18 per cent of protein with added zinc was investigated. Addition of calciferol to the diet significantly increased the concentration of zinc in femurs of rats fed 9 or 18 per cent of protein. The results indicate that the effect of vitamin D on deposition of zinc in bone is not a secondary effect related to calcification and bone growth.
Bt transgenic crops do not have favorable effects on resistant insects

Abstract Sayyed et al. (Ecology Letters (2003) 6: 167–169) hypothesized that insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins produced by transgenic crops could have nutritionally favorable effects that increase the fitness of resistant insects eating such crops. This idea was based on increased pupal weight of resistant larvae of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), fed leaf discs treated externally with a Bt toxin. We summarize evidence from diamondback moth and other pests showing that the Bt toxins in transgenic crops do not enhance performance of resistant insects. Aside from a few notable exceptions in which performance of resistant insects did not differ between Bt and non-Bt crops, Bt crops had adverse affects on resistant insects. Bt Bacillus thuringiensis
Doppler-Shift Lifetime Measurement on the 2.79-MeV Level of F 19

The mean lifetime of the 2.79-MeV level of ${\mathrm{F}}^{19}$ was determined by the Doppler-shift-attenuation method to be $\ensuremath{\tau}l1.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ sec. This result and other lifetime data on the low-lying members of the ground-state rotational band are compared with the predictions of the rotational model both with and without band mixing due to particle-rotation coupling. The existing experimental data are consistent with both sets of calculated lifetimes.
Realistic modeling of the denatured states of proteins allows accurate calculations of the pH dependence of protein stability.

Abstract Computational techniques based on continuum electrostatics treatments have been successful in predicting and interpreting the p K a values of ionizable amino acids in folded proteins. Despite this progress, efforts to reproduce the pH-dependence of protein stability have met with only limited success: agreement with experimental results has been only qualitative. It has been argued previously that the most likely reason for discrepancies is the presence of residual electrostatic interactions in the unfolded state, which cause p K a values to be shifted from their model compound values. Here we show that by constructing atomistic models of the unfolded state with a simple molecular mechanics protocol that uses the native state as a starting point, much improved reproduction of pH effects on protein stability can be obtained. In contrast, when a fully extended model of the unfolded state is used, no such improvement is obtained, a result that suggests that local interactions with residues nearby in the sequence are not sufficient to properly account for the p K a shifts in the unfolded state. In comparison to model compound values, the p K a values of acidic residues in “native-like” unfolded states are typically found to be shifted downwards by ∼0.3 pH unit, in good agreement with the average downward shift deduced from experimental measurements. Given its success in the present situation, the protocol employed here for developing simple models of the unfolded state may prove useful in other computer simulation applications.
Technical communique: The convergence of an instrumental-variable-like recursion

The convergence of a modified form of the IV (instrumental-variable) recursion (actually a case of the integral adaptation algorithm of Landau) for the parameters of a scalar transfer function time series model is considered. It is known that this algorithm requires at least a positive real condition for its convergence. Here it is shown that the recursion converges without being monitored. In any case, the result is disappointing because the positive real condition depends on the transfer function characteristic function.
Lesson plan for protein exploration in a large biochemistry class

The teaching of structural concepts plays a prominent role in many chemistry and biology courses. When it comes to macromolecular systems, a thorough understanding of noncovalent interactions lays a strong foundation for students to understand such things as protein folding, the formation of protein-ligand complexes, and the melting of the DNA double helix. The incorporation of computer-based molecular graphics into the biochemistry curriculum has given students unique opportunities in visualizing the structure of biological molecules and recognizing the subtle aspects of noncovalent interactions. This report describes a series of visualization-based assignments developed to facilitate protein exploration in a large biochemistry class. A large enrollment can present special challenges for students to benefit from hands-on use of visualization software. Three of the assignments are described in detail along with a description of an on-line teaching tool used to manage the assignments and to coordinate the student groups participating in these exercises.
Preliminary X-ray data for the galactose binding protein from Salmonella typhimurium

Abstract Crystals of the periplasmic galactose-binding protein of Salmonella typhimurium have been subjected to X-ray analysis. The crystals grow as elongated rectangular prisms, with the symmetry of space group C2. Unit cell dimensions are a = 119·7 A , b = 37·2 A , c = 80·1 A , and β = 123·4 . There is one protein molecule of molecular weight 33,000 per asymmetric unit.
Nuclear studies on the smaller Myxophyceae.

Abstract Several members of the Myxophyceae were studied to determine whether or not they possess a nuclear organization. The fixing and staining methods employed are ones which have found extensive use in bacterial cytology in recent years. The Feulgen reaction and differential extraction with perchloric acid both indicate that the elements revealed by staining contain desoxypentose nucleic acid. These elements may be condensed, netlike, or rodlike, and at the time of cell division they appear to divide equally by a constrictive process. What role the centripetally ingrowing cell wall plays in this process is not certain. There is every reason to believe that the elements constitute a nuclear organization.
Involvement of the TRAP220 Component of the TRAP/SMCC Coactivator Complex in Embryonic Development and Thyroid Hormone Action

The TRAP220 component of the TRAP/SMCC complex, a mammalian homologof the yeast Mediator that shows diverse coactivation functions, interacts directly with nuclear receptors. Ablation of the murine Trap220 gene revealed that null mutants die during an early gestational stage with heart failure and exhibit impaired neuronal development with extensive apoptosis. Primary embryonic fibroblasts derived from null mutants show an impaired cell cycle regulation and a prominent decrease of thyroid hormone receptor function that is restored by ectopic TRAP220 but no defect in activation by Gal4-RARalpha/RXRalpha, p53, or VP16. Moreover, haploinsufficient animals show growth retardation, pituitary hypothyroidism, and widely impaired transcription in certain organs. These results indicate that TRAP220 is essential for a wide range of physiological processes but also that it has gene- and activator-selective functions.
Low-Cost Serum-Free Medium for the BTI-Tn5B1–4 Insect Cell Line

The BTI-Tn5B1-4 insect cell line, commercially available as the High Five cell line (Invitrogen), supports higher levels of recombinant protein production compared to existing insect cell lines. Proprietary serum-free media such as ExCell 405 (JRH Biosciences), Express Five (Life Technologies), IS BAC (Irvine Scientific), and CCM3 (HyClone) are available which were developed specifically for a suspension culture of High Five cells. While these media are highly optimized, a lower cost alternative is desirable for large-scale protein production which is also serum-free and supports good cell growth (>5 x 10(6) cells/mL) and recombinant protein production (>50 mg/L of secreted protein). The amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism of the Tn5B1-4 cells was first examined. It was found that asparagine was nearly depleted during batch growth in Ex-Cell 405, without limitations in glutamine, other amino acids, or glucose. Alanine also accumulated to about 35 mM during growth. We then extended the formulation techniques for medium development used for Spodoptera cell lines to the Tn5B1-4 cell line. A medium based on IPL-41 basal medium, Hy-Soy protein hydrolysate (Quest, International), yeastolate ultrafiltrate, a lipid-sterol emulsion, and Pluronic F-68 was developed. Dextran sulfate (100 microg/mL) was used to induce a single cell suspension culture. This medium is denoted as ISYL and performs best when supplemented with a 2.5% lipid-Pluronic F-68 mixture. Supplementation with additional aspargine in a 1.5% lipid-Pluronic F-68 mixture did not improve growth, suggesting that a lipid was growth-limiting and not an amino acid. Ex-Cell 405 and ISYL with 2.5% lipid-Pluronic F-68 supplement supported virtually identical growth rates, extent of growth (ca. 6.0 x 10(6) cells/mL) in an 80% oxygen atmosphere, and supported production of SEAP (secreted human alkaline phosphatase) at a volumetric level of about 65-70 mg/L. Thus, the less expensive ISYL medium can deliver acceptable performance and may be suitable for large-scale insect cell cultures.
S-WAVE ELASTIC COLLISIONS BETWEEN COLD GROUND-STATE 87RB ATOMS

We have measured the elastic-scattering cross section of [sup 87]Rb atoms in the [vert bar][ital F]=1,[ital m][sub [ital F]]=[minus]1[r angle] ground state at 25 [mu]K. The cross section is almost purely [ital s] wave at these temperatures and has a value of (5.4[plus minus]1.3)[times]10[sup [minus]12] cm[sup 2]. We have searched for the predicted Feshbach-type resonances in the elastic cross section [Tiesinga [ital et] [ital al]., Phys. Rev. A [bold 46], 1167 (1992)] as a function of magnetic field. There are no resonances with a magnetic-field width [ge]2 G over a magnetic-field range of 15--540 G.
Proposed substitution of apolane-87 for squalane as a nonpolar reference phase in gas chromatography

Abstract Squalane is the standard, nonpolar reference phase used in schemes to characterize the solvent strength and selectivity of stationary phases in gas-liquid chromatography. A commentary, supported by additional experimental evidence, is provided to indicate a lack of suitability for this purpose. Primary objections to its use as a reference phase are its high volatility, compositional variations due to the presence of impurities, susceptibility to oxidative degradation, poor film forming and stabilizing properties, and retention properties that are strongly influenced by the character and treatment of the support used to prepare column packings. Because similar problems were not observed, or were much less significant, for the synthetic hydrocarbon Apolane-87, its use as a reference phase is to be preferred. Reference values for retention indexes, gas—liquid partition coefficients, and partial molal Gibbs free energies of solution for a series of solvent-selectivity test solutes are provided for both phases.
Non-surgical Management of Metacarpal Fractures

Metacarpal fractures are among the most common fractures of the upper extremity. Surgical management is generally offered for unstable or significantly displaced fractures. A more conservative, nonsurgical approach, however, may provide safe, rapid recovery while maintaining normal active range of motion. This article reviews the nonsurgical approach, protocols, and outcomes of metacarpal fractures.
Role of antirepressor in the bipartite control of repression and immunity by bacteriophage P22.

Abstract The bipartite immunity and repression system of the temperate Salmonella bacteriophage P22 has been analyzed by genetic means. Both parts of the immunity system, immI and immC, are necessary to confer upon lysogens immunity to superinfection with P22. The product of the c2 gene (which lies in immC) is a repressor which apparently regulates directly the expression of phage genes in a manner analogous (if not identical) with that found for coliphage λ. The immI region contains three genetic elements. One of these (mnt; Gough, 1968) appears to specify another repressor whose specific activity is continuously required for the maintenance of lysogeny. We have identified two new regulatory elements in immI through the isolation of mutants. Virulent mutations (virA) in the Vy element confer the ability to grow in immune P22 lysogens by destroying or inactivating the repression functions of the lysogen (possibly the c2-repressor itself). The third element in immI is a structural gene (ant) for a protein (antirepressor) which is regulated by mnt (repressor) and Vy (promoter/operator). We have shown that the ability of P22 to grow on immI-deletion lysogens, the dominant virulence of virA virulents, and the requirement for mnt for the maintenance of lysogeny, all depend on an intact ant+ gene. It is proposed that P22 antirepressor represents a new type of regulatory protein which acts by controlling other regulatory proteins.
Effect of nicotine on the transmembrane potential and contractility of isolated rat atria.

Die Wirkungen von Nikotin auf die Kontraktilitat und die Membranpotentiale des Rattenatriums wurden untersucht. Nikotin (5 × 10−4 M) erhohte gleichzeitig die entwickelte Spannung sowie die Dauer und Flache des Aktionspotentials. Ein moglicher Zusammenhang dieser Anderungen mit der erhohten Kontraktilitat wird diskutiert.
Respiratory virus infection and airway hyperreactivity in children

A significant portion of infants and young children develop acute lower airway obstruction (wheezing) accompanying viral lower respiratory infections. These wheezing-associated respiratory illnesses, particularly bronchiolitis, are often associated with evidence of prolonged airway obstruction and airway hyperreactivity following the initial infection. The factors that determine the type of clinical infection that initially develops and long-term respiratory consequences of this infection are complex, including the genetic background of the child, the age at the time of infection, the respiratory virus involved, and environmental factors such as exposure to cigarette smoke. Several animal models have been developed to describe the pathophysiology of viral respiratory infection and have helped to define several potential mechanisms for the resulting airway obstruction. Data from these studies and studies in humans emphasize the importance of the immune system and of neural modulation of airway smooth muscle tone in determining the outcome of respiratory virus infection. These observations also help define the pivotal role of the airway epithelium in the regulation of airway smooth muscle tone and the host inflammatory response in the airway. Consequently, the interplay of host and environmental factors, as well as the relative importance of the different mechanisms potentially active in airway obstruction, determine the acute clinical outcome of infection for an individual child and the propensity of that child to develop recurrent episodes of wheezing (asthma).
Application of on-site solid-phase microextraction in aquatic dissipation studies of profoxydim in rice.

Abstract The application of a manual operated solid-phase microextraction (SPME)–HPLC interface is discussed for the analysis of thermally labile analytes in aqueous matrices. The technique has been applied on-site at a flooded rice field to demonstrate its potential for real time extraction of the herbicide profoxydim. Thus, compounds which would otherwise easily degrade in the aqueous matrices within hours or days could be determined more accurately. The fibers were shipped back to the laboratory with express delivery where the target analyte was desorbed from the fiber and determined by HPLC–UV analysis. The SPME method was characterized by significant ruggedness where conventional techniques such as liquid–liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction require additional shipping and handling costs and time-consuming multiple sample preparation steps. In general, any delay in shipping the aqueous samples to the laboratory has the potential for sample degradation and a loss in accuracy when using non on-site extraction techniques. Fifty μm Carbowax–templated resin coatings were most suitable for coupling SPME to HPLC in order to achieve a high sensitivity for polar analytes. The SPME technique was characterized by a good sensitivity and a precision less than 10% RSD. The SPME–LC–UV method was linear over at least three orders of magnitude while achieving a limit of detection in the lower μg/l range. The on-site SPME method has shown significantly increased accuracy. Profoxydim was determined at concentrations of ca. 180 μg/l 3 h after an application on a flooded bare soil field.
Lipid carrier proteins and ethanol.

Ethanol has a pronounced effect on lipid homeostasis. It is our overall hypothesis that certain lipid carrier proteins are targets of acute and chronic ethanol exposure and that perturbation of these
The Creative Journey: A Model for Short-term Group Art Therapy with Posttreatment Cancer Patients

Cancer patients who have completed medical treatment are often left with unresolved psychological issues. The need for a readjustment of self-identity is often emphasized as the core goal of therap...
Learning mathematics through design: The anatomy of Escher's world

Abstract This article explores one example of an open learning environment created by combining mathematics and design activities in a “mathematics studio”. Two iterations of the mathematics studio experiment in a project at the MIT Media Laboratory known as Escher's World suggest that: (a) students can learn about the mathematical concept of symmetry in a studio learning environment, (b) students learn to use visual thinking to solve mathematical problems in a studio learning environment, and (c) students develop a more positive attitude towards mathematics as a result of working in a studio learning environment. This article uses a qualitative research model to explore the specific characteristics of the mathematics studio that were influential in creating a successful learning environment—in particular, how expressive mathematics activities and expressive computational media give students a sense of control over their learning.
On matrix similarity over commutative rings

Byrnes and Grauger have recently shown that two n × n matrices A and B over a field are similar if and only if they have the same characteristic polynomial, and the matrices all have the same rank. We investigate the possibility of extending a suitably modified version of this criterion to the case where the matrices have entries in a commutative ring R. We discover that the criterion remains valid if and only if R is von Neumann regular.
Mathematical programming approaches to the synthesis of chemical process systems

This paper presents a review of advances that have taken place in the mathematical programming approach to process design and synthesis. A review is first presented on the algorithms that are available for solving MINLP problems, and its most recent variant, Generalized Disjunctive Programming models. The formulation of superstructures, models and solution strategies is also discussed for the effective solution of the corresponding optimization problems. The rest of the paper is devoted to reviewing recent mathematical programming models for the synthesis of reactor networks, distillation sequences, heat exchanger networks, mass exchanger networks, utility plants, and total flowsheets. As will be seen from this review, the progress that has been achieved in this area over the last decade is very significant.
Control of food intake and meal patterns in monkeys

Abstract Feeding patterns have been studied in 10 adult male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) adapted to primate restraint chairs for physiological studies. Using an automated computer-monitored liquid diet feeding system, feeding behavior was studied under 8 hour and 24 hour feeding schedules. Calorie/kg intake was significantly reduced with the 8 hour schedule ( p p >0.10). Meal size was negatively correlated with meal frequency across monkeys, but not within monkeys. Although monkeys ingested 78% of their voluntary intake during the light hours, there was no difference in meal size, meal duration, or rate of feeding between light and dark periods. With feeding restricted to 8 hours during the light period, meal size was positively correlated with the length of the interval preceding the meal in 4 of 6 monkeys, and meal size was also positively correlated with length of the postmeal interval in 3 of 6 monkeys. In contrast, 24 hour ad lib fed monkeys showed no relationship between premeal interval and subsequent meal size, but a positive correlation between meal size and postmeal interval in 3 of 4 monkeys. We conclude that feeding schedule or deprivation state may alter the relative roles of “hunger” and “satiety” signals in regulating food intake amounts and patterns.
Analysis of the mission statements of AACSB‐accredited schools

Purpose – Research indicates that high‐performing firms share common components among their mission statements. The present study aims to begin a search for a similar correlation among academic schools of business.Design/methodology/approach – Content and statistical analyses are used to analyze mission statements gathered from nearly all AACSB‐accredited business schools.Findings – Mission statements for AACSB‐accredited schools are less than a page but not extremely short nor memorable. They address multiple stakeholders and usually do not include vision statements, goals or objectives. They often do not reference quality or the AACSB.Research limitations/implications – The sample was AACSB schools. As such, one should be circumspect in generalizing to other areas of business.Practical implications – This paper shows deans and other interested stakeholders what an average mission statement for an AACSB school looks like. It also suggests that mission statements do not effectively identify individual uni...
Evaluation of endotoxin content of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis combined (DTaP) vaccines that interfere with the bacterial endotoxin test.

Abstract Applicability of the endotoxin test to diphtheria–tetanus-acellular pertussis combined (DTaP) vaccines was examined. We found some DTaP vaccines that strongly interfered with Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) activity of endotoxin without affecting lethal activity of endotoxin in d -galactosamine-treated mice. LAL activity that was interfered in such vaccines increased apparently after the treatment with phosphate buffer at 4 °C for a week. The DTaP vaccines that interfered with the endotoxin test showed no significant effect on endotoxin activity in inducing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in rabbit peripheral blood. The in vitro TNF-α induction assay was, therefore, suggested to be an appropriate assay method for the quantitative detection of the endotoxin activity in DTaP vaccines.
Seasonal variations of dissolved inorganic carbon and δ13C of surface waters : application of a modified gas evolution technique

Abstract Seasonal concentrations and δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in a river-tributary system in Kalamazoo, southwest Michigan, USA, have been measured using a modified gas evolution technique. The technique makes use of evacuated glass septum tubes pre-loaded with phosphoric acid and a magnetic stir bar. Water samples are injected into these septum tubes in the field, which eliminates problems associated with CO2 loss/gain during sample storage and transfer to the vacuum line during DIC extraction. Using this technique, a precision of 1% and 0.1‰ can be achieved for DIC concentrations and δ13CDIC measurements, respectively. As this technique provides reliable measurements of DIC concentrations and carbon isotope ratios, it was used to evaluate the processes that control DIC in the river-tributary system. Results of DIC concentration and δ13CDIC measurements of water samples from the river-tributary system show that the DIC pool is mostly dominated by groundwater. The DIC concentrations and δ13CDIC are within the ranges measured for the most isotopically evolved groundwater in this region. Seasonal variations superimposed on the baseline values are attributed to secondary processes such as CO2 invasion from the atmosphere, enhanced recharge from lakes and biological activities of photosynthesis, respiration, and decay. With the onset of spring, there is a concurrent increase in the DIC concentration and δ13CDIC of these streams. A simultaneous increase in concentration and 13C enrichment of the riverine DIC pool is consistent with CO2 invasion and recharge from lakes. During the summer, biological activity is the predominant control on shifts in the DIC pool. Although photosynthesis, respiration and decay occur during this time, decreases in the DIC concentration and increases in the 13CDIC indicates CO2 removal from the pool by photosynthesis. In the late summer-early fall, photosynthesis declines and respiration and decay cause an increase in the DIC concentration and a decreases in the δ13CDIC. When biological activity decreases significantly during the late fall and winter months, the river and most of its tributaries approach a baseline DIC concentration and δ13CDIC similar to that of isotopically fully evolved groundwater in the Kalamazoo area. Although this holds true for tributaries and the main river, the timing and magnitude of shifts from background DIC is different for individual streams. The magnitude of shifts in the DIC concentration and δ13CDIC is most pronounced in tributary streams because of the short residence time of water in these streams. This study shows that DIC concentration and δ13CDIC measurements can be successfully used to evaluate the timing and dominance of the major processes that influence DIC in a riverine system.
Automated detection of blood vessels using dynamic programming

An essential step in the characterization of angiography is the detection of the blood vessels. We propose an algorithm for detection of vessels in two-dimensional angiography from an acyclic graph that represents optimal paths within the image.
Frege’s Ancestral and Its Circularities

After presenting the ordinary and the Fregean formulations of the ancestral, I raise the question of what is their relationship, the natural candidate being that the Fregean version is an analysans intended to improve upon, and replace, the common notion of ancestral (the analysandum). Next, two types of circles that arise in connection with the Fregean ancestral are presented, and it is claimed that one of the circles makes it impossible to maintain the just described (“replacement”) interpretation. A reference is made to Kerry, who was the first to point out a circularity in Frege’s ancestral. Some of Frege’s remarks are examined in order to tentatively sketch, an answer to the issue of the relationship between ordinary and Fregean ancestral; the latter, if not as an analysans replacing the common notion, can still be seen as a profound enrichment of the former.
945-119 Comparison of Very Early vs Pre-discharge Exercise Treadmill Tests After Myocardial Infarctions

Risk stratification early after myocardial infarction (MI) is useful in identifying high risk patients with inducible ischemia who would benefit from aggressive invasive management and low risk pts who could be discharged early thus reducing hospital costs. The optimal time for an exercise stress test has not been established. We performed two symptom-limited ETTs very early (3.6 days) and pro-discharge prior to intervention (8.2 days) in 31 pts with uncomplicated acute myocardial infarctions (15 non-Q and 16 Q Ml). The exercise duration was longer on the later ETT (8.7 ± 3.6 vs 10.4 ± 4.4 min). However, the peak HR (118 ± 20 vs 121 ± 30 beats/min), and the peak BP (146 ± 25 vs 151 ± 24 mmHg) were similar (p = NS). There were no complications during the ETTs. Positive exercise response with ST-segment depression was observed in more patients on the very early ETT (14 pts (44%) vs 8 (25%) P = 0.04) despite similar myocardial stress as evidence by rate pressure product. Conclusions Exercise stress tests were performed in the same patients very early (3.6 days) and pro-discharge (8.2 days) after MI without complications. Despite similar peak heart rate and blood pressure achieved, very early tests were more often positive than tests performed 1 week after the MI. This may relate to a more significant residual stenosis in the infarct vessel very early after MI which may decrease in severity with time as the superimposed thrombus and or spasm resolves.
Nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity in humans from organogermanium compounds and germanium dioxide

There is no known biological requirement for germanium (Ge), germanates, or any organogermanium compound. Ge deficiency has not been demonstrated in any animal. The estimated average dietary intake of Ge in humans is 1.5 mg/d. Ge is widely distributed in edible foods, all of which, with few exceptions, contain less than 5 ppm Ge, since higher levels are toxic to most plants. Ingestion of Ge compounds has been shown to produce toxic effects in experimental animals. In recent years inorganic germanium salts and novel organogermanium compounds, such as carboxyethyl germanium sesquioxide (Ge-132) and lactate-citrate-germanate (Ge lactate citrate) have been sold as "nutritional supplements" in some countries for their purported immunomodulatory effects or as health-producing elixirs, resulting in intakes of Ge significantly exceeding the estimated average dietary intake. Since 1982, there have been 18 reported cases of acute renal dysfunction or failure, including two deaths, linked to oral intake of Ge elixirs containing germanium dioxide (GeO2) or Ge-132. In these cases, biopsies show vacuolar degeneration in renal tubular epithelial cells, without proteinuria or hematuria, in the absence of glomerular changes. Serum creatinine levels have been well above 400 mumol/L in such patients. In 17 of 18 cases, accumulated elemental Ge intakes reportedly ranged between 16 to 328 g over a 4-36 mo period, or between 100 to 2000 times the average estimated dietary intake for human. In surviving patients, renal function improved after discontinuation of Ge supplementation. However, in no case was recovery complete. One organogermanium compound, an azaspiran organogermanium compound, 2-aza-8-germanspiro[4,5] decane-2-propamine-8,8-diethyl-N,N-dimethyl dichloride (spirogermanium), has been found to cause both neurotoxicity and pulmonary toxicity in phase I and II studies examining its chemotherapeutic potential as an antitumor drug in the treatment of various malignancies. In cancer patients given the drug spirogermanium, 40% experienced marked, yet transient neurotoxicity. Two patients suffered from pulmonary toxicity. Results of phases I and II human cancer trials for spirogermanium have not been favorable, with the exception of moderate benefits for three types of malignancies. It is recommended that patients exposed to long-term (greater than 3 mo) Ge supplementation at levels well above the estimated daily intake be medically supervised and monitored for potential renal-, pulmonary- or neurotoxicity. Further study regarding the mechanism of Ge-induced nephrotoxicity in human is warranted.
Phospholipase D-derived products in the regulation of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-stimulated prostaglandin synthesis in madin-darby canine kidney cells.

Abstract Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells stimulated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in the presence of ethanol synthesize phosphatidylethanol (PEt) instead of phosphatidic acid (PA) and diglyceride (DG). We have used ethanol to block the production of phospholipase D (PLD)-derived PA and DG (from PA hydrolysis) to study their role in signal transduction. In MDCK cells, TPA-stimulated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis was inhibited by ethanol at concentrations which inhibit PA and DG formation. In addition, TPA elicited a prolonged increase in PGE2 synthesis that is dependent upon continuous activation of PLD. The TPA-stimulated translocation of protein kinase Cα (PKCα) from cytosol to membrane was unaffected by ethanol. This suggests that PLD-derived products act downstream of PKC in TPA-stimulated prostaglandin synthesis. The calcium ionophore, A23187, did not activate PLD, and PGE2 synthesis in response to A23187 was unaffected by ethanol. TPA increased prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase (PGHS) activity and increased the amount of immunodetectable prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase 2 (PGHS-2). A23187 did not induce PGHS-2 and A23187-stimulated PGE2 synthesis appears to be due to the constitutively expressed PGHS-1. Blocking the formation of PLD-derived products, PA and DG, inhibited the induction of PGHS-2 by TPA. These results indicate that prolonged PGE2 synthesis in response to TPA is due to the continuous induction of PGHS-2, which is dependent upon PLD activation. In contrast, induction of PGHS-2 by epidermal growth factor was not affected by ethanol. Epidermal growth factor did not induce PKCα translocation nor activate PLD. Taken together, these data suggest that PLD-derived PA or DG act as second messengers in the induction of PGHS-2 by PKC-dependent pathways. The demonstration that inhibition of TPA-induced PA formation inhibits Raf-1 translocation in MDCK cells (Ghosh, S., Strum, J. C., Sciorra, V. A., Daniel, L. W., and Bell, R. M. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 8472-8480) suggests that PA is the active PLD metabolite in TPA-stimulated signaling.
Going small is the new big.

Two methods describing gene expression and chromatin profiling of small cell numbers make progress toward achieving comprehensive integrated molecular views of defined cell populations.
Scanning electrochemical microscope characterization of thin film Pt–Ru alloys for fuel cell applications

Thin film combinatorial libraries of potential fuel cell anode catalysts are formed by sputtering depositing through masks onto Si wafers. Libraries are examined for electrochemical activity with a scanning electrochemical microscope. Limitations in using scanning electrochemical microscopy for characterization of an array of fuel cell electrode materials are discussed.
Comparison of physical and mechanical properties of mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine.

Background: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) fulfills many of the ideal properties of the root-end filling material. However, its low cohesive property often makes it difficult to handle. Biodentine, new calcium-silicate-based cement has been developed to improve some MTA drawbacks such as its difficult handling property and long-setting time. Aim: The objective of this study was to compare at different times the microleakage of roots filled with Biodentine and white MTA (WMTA)-Angelus and to investigate their setting time, handling properties and compressive strength. Materials and Methods: Root canals of single-rooted teeth were instrumented, filled with either Biodentine or WMTA-Angelus (n = 15 each) with two positive and two negative control roots and stored at 37°C. Sealing was assessed at 4, 24 h, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks by a fluid filtration method. The initial setting time, handling properties, and compressive strength of the test groups were investigated by a vicat needle, questionnaire of operational hand feel, and universal instron machine, respectively. Results: Significant differences in microleakage were found between two groups at 4-h and 24 h (P Conclusions: The results suggest that the new calcium-silicate-based endodontic cement provides improvement in sealing ability as well as clinical manageability of dental filling materials.
Medical Complexity and Hypertension Management

Background: There is concern that performance measures, patientratingsoftheircare,andpay-for-performanceprograms may penalize healthcare providers of patients with multiple chronic coexisting conditions. We examined the impact of coexisting conditions on the quality of care for hypertension and patient perception of overall quality of their health care. Methods and Results: We classified 141 609 veterans with hypertension into 4 condition groups: those with hypertension-concordant (diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, dyslipidemia) and/or -discordant (arthritis, depression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) conditions or neither. We measured blood pressure control at the index visit, overall good quality of care for hypertension, including a follow-up interval, and patient ratings of satisfaction with their care. Associations between condition type and number of coexisting conditions on receipt of overall good quality of care were assessed with logistic regression. The relationship between patient assessment and objective measures of quality was assessed. Of the cohort, 49.5% had concordant-only comorbidities, 8.7% had discordant-only comorbidities, 25.9% had both, and 16.0% had none. Odds of receiving overall good quality after adjustment for age were higher for those with concordant comorbidities (odds ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.70 to 1.87), discordant comorbidities (odds ratio, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.23 to 1.41), or both (odds ratio, 2.25; 95% confidence interval, 2.13 to 2.38) compared with neither. Findings did not change after adjustment for illness severity and/or number of primary care and specialty care visits. Patient assessment of quality did not vary by the presence of coexisting conditions and was not related to objective ratings of quality of care. Conclusions: Contrary to expectations, patients with greater complexity had higher odds of receiving high-quality care for hypertension. Subjective ratings of care did not vary with the presence or absence of comorbid conditions. Our findings should be reassuring to those who care for the most medically complexpatientsandareconcernedthattheywillbepenalized by performance measures or patient ratings of their care.
Computer aided feature selection for enhanced analogue system fault location

Abstract A digital computer based technique for the selection of optimum test frequencies for fault diagnosis of analogue systems is presented. Gain and phase deviations from the nominal system response for changes in component values are evaluated and the recognition matrix is established which in turn is normalized and made sparse. The heuristic optimization technique developed is applied to the sparse recognition matrix to select the best subset of features via a discriminatory index of measurement points by adding or discarding features until the optimum is found. The efficiency of the selected feature set is measured by the confidence level formally incorporated in the algorithm and which is found to correlate well with the actual diagnosability of faults for a simulation of varying fault levels and including varying production tolerances for the non-faulty components. Actual fault location is implemented using the nearest neighbour rule, which is complimentary to the feature selection technique. Only three measurements are found to be sufficient to achieve a high level of diagnosability. The simulation of 91,000 faulty 7 component passive circuits has been undertaken to verify the procedure, which may now be applied equally well to larger scale systems using input-output measurements only, or, alternatively on sub-systems of comparable size to the sample circuit which have been isolated by special electronic partitioning devices as recently proposed for the fault location in television receivers during the manufacturing process.
Cohesive Model-Based Approach for Fatigue Life Prediction of Reinforced-Concrete Structures Strengthened with NSM FRP

This paper presents a fatigue-life prediction model of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with near-surface mounted (NSM) fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite rods under flexure. This model is based on the fracture-mechanics approach using a cohesive model, and accounts for different bridging properties in steel and FRP reinforcement in strengthened concrete structures. It predicts the number of fatigue cycles to ultimate failure in the strengthened members, in which the failure is defined by unstable propagation of an effective crack in concrete. Several sets of experimental results in the literature are selected to verify the efficiency and precision of this model, in which the writers compare typical stress versus fatigue-life curves. This model is capable of predicting the fatigue life of NSM-strengthened concrete beams to a good precision and relates the fatigue life to the structural stress in an explicit manner.
Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of structured low-calorie triacylglycerols

Because of their unique fatty acid specificities and regioselectivities, lipases have been found to be effective catalysts for the synthesis of structured lipids that have a predetermined composition and distribution of fatty acyl groups on the glycerol backbone. The prospective plant-derived lipase found in the exudate of Carica papaya is known for its shortchain acyl group specificity, 1,3-glycerol regioselectivity, and sn-3 stereoselectivity. Carica papaya latex (CPL) was therefore examined for its potential ability to synthesize structured lowcalorie short- and long-chain triacylglycerols (SLCT). In this paper, we describe the utility of CPL in the lipase-catalyzed interesterification reaction of triacetin and hydrogenated soybean oil. Normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, combined with mass spectrometry, was used to distinguish the structured SLCT synthesized using the lipase from the corresponding SLCT produced by chemical synthesis.
The symbolic servicescape: Your kind is welcomed here

This paper expands Bitner's (1992) servicescape framework by conceptualising the existence of a symbolic servicescape. To date, researchers primarily have explored how consumers respond to physical elements within a consumption setting's built environment, however, commercial establishments have a history of discriminating against ethnic consumers. Thus, ethnic consumers may respond to other environmental elements when formulating marketplace approach/avoidance decisions. This paper reveals that ethnic consumers respond to a symbolic servicescape, defined as objects and artefacts that evoke similar meanings across members of specific ethnic groups. Using photo-elicitation methodology, the author demonstrates how Jewish and homosexual consumers interpret symbols within consumption settings and how these symbols impact on approach/avoidance behaviour. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Concurrent Validity of the Matrix Analogies Test-Short Form with the Stanford-Binet: Fourth Edition and KTEA-BF (Academic Achievement).

This study examined the relationship between the Matrix Analogies Test-Short Form (MAT-SF) and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition and academic achievement as measured by the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement-Brief Form (KTEA-BF). The subjects were 71 referred students who were attending a large urban school district. The results supported the concurrent and criterion-related validity of the MAT-SF. This brief nonverbal intelligence test correlated significantly with the Stanford-Binet Areas and Test Composite (r = .73) and with the Math, Reading, and Spelling scores of the Brief Form of the KTEA (rs = .44, .44, and .38, respectively).
The Kβ1′/Kα1 transition probability in elements of low atomic numbers

Abstract The probability of the radiative transitions 3p 1/2 + 3p 3/2 → 1s 1/2 has been measured relative to that of the 2p 3/2 → 1s 1/2 for several elements ranging in atomic number from z = 22 to z = 47. The irregularities previously reported in this ratio are nonexistent.
Ballots and bullets: Election riots in the periphery, 1874–1985

Modernisation theory argues that the liberal institutions of the industrialised or Core nations have taken root in underdeveloped or Periphery ones and produced the pacific flowers of political development. Critics of the theory, however, are less sanguine, suggesting that Core institutions represent foreign imports into the Periphery and are viable only when closely managed by Core authorities. The study tracks election riots in the Periphery between 1874 and 1985. An upward trend in rioting is observable. Further, riots occur more frequently during periods of loose control by the Core. The implications for global liberalism are then discussed.
Investigation of gel inhibitor assisted dissolution of polyaniline: A case study for emeraldine base, 2-methyl-aziridine, and N-methyl-pyrrolidone

Abstract The secondary amine 2-methylaziridine (2MA) is used as an additive together with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), to inhibit the gel formation of highly concentrated high molecular weight solutions of polyaniline (PANi) in the emeraldine base (EB) oxidation state for up to 29 hours room temperature. Rheological properties of concentrated EB (~ 20 wt%) solutions are studied by means of rotational viscometry as function of 2MA/EB molar ratio, time, shear rate, and temperature. Due to the formations of hydrogen bonds between the amine proton of 2MA and to lone electron pair from the imine nitrogens in the EB repeat unit. 2MA and NMP prevents the interactions between polymer chains which less to enhanced solubility, dramatic prolongation of times to gelation, and reductions in initial solution viscosity. The temperature effects on the gelation time and the activation energy for viscous flow are reported.