cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hybrid nanocomposite materials―between inorganic glasses and organic polymers

The sol-gel process, with its associated mild conditions, offers a new approach to the synthesis of composite materials with domain sizes approaching the molecular level. Transparent organic-inorganic composites can be prepared by dissolving preformed polymers into sol-gel precursor solutions, and then allowing the tetraalkyi orthosilicates to hydrolyze and condense to form glassy SiO, phases of different morphological structures. Alternatively, both the organic and inorganic phases can be simultaneously formed through the synchronous polymerization of the organic monomer and the sol-gel precursors. Depending upon such factors as the structures of the organic and inorganic components, the phase morphology, the degree of interpenetration, and the presence of covalent bonds between the phases, the properties of these composites can vary greatly and range from elastomeric rubbers to high-modulus materials.
Pharmacogenetic effect of the UGT polymorphisms on mycophenolate is modified by calcineurin inhibitors

Background Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is glucuronidated primarily by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase enzymes (UGT) 1A9 and 1A8. These enzymes are highly polymorphic resulting in low activity and high expression phenotypes. We hypothesized that polymorphisms of UGT1A9 and 1A8 may alter MPA pharmacokinetics in kidney transplantation.
Mitotic gene conversion, reciprocal recombination and gene replacement at the benA, beta-tubulin, locus of Aspergillus nidulans.

We have developed a procedure for determining the rates of mitotic recombination of an interrupted duplication created by integration of transforming plasmid sequences at the benA, beta-tubulin, locus of Aspergillus nidulans. Transformation of a strain carrying a benomyl-resistant benA allele with plasmid AIpGM4, which carries the wild-type benA allele and the pyr4 (orotidine-5′-phosphate decarboxylase) gene of Neurospora crassa, creates an interrupted duplication with plasmid sequences flanked by two benA alleles, one wild type and one benomyl resdistant. Such transformants will not grow in the presence of high levels of benomyl. Mitotic recombination causes the loss of the wild-type benA allele or conversion of the wild-type to the mutant allele resulting in nuclei carrying only the benomylresistant allele. Conidia containing such nuclei can be selected on media with high benomyl allowing easy quantitation of mitotic recombination. We found that the rate of recombination giving rise to benomyl-resistant conidia was 4.6×10-4. Reciprocal recombination leading to benomyl-resistant conidia lacking plasmid sequences occurred at a rate of 2.0×10-4 and gene conversion leading to benomylresistant conidia occurred at a rate of 2.6×10-4. We selected for reciprocal recombination leading to loss of pyr4 sequences on 5-fluoro-orotic acid and used this selection for two-step gene replacement of a mutant benA allele with the wild-type allele.
A unified computer program for iterative solution of systems of linear equations

Abstract A unified iterative method for solving systems of linear equations is presented. It is applicable to the traditional linear iterative techniques (Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel and Relaxation methods). The idea is to modify the relaxation method by introducing a new parameter. The validity of the method is verified with some examples to illustrate the merits and shortcomings of the various techniques. A compact subroutine JGSOR for using the formalation is included.
The influence of visitors on mountain goat activities in Glacier National Park, Montana.

Abstract Information on human/wildlife interactions and wildlife viewing habits is essential to park management. To help fulfil this need, mountain goat behaviour and use of specially constructed highway underpasses and an adjacent mineral lick were monitored simultaneously with visitor activities at an observation area in Glacier National Park, Montana. We found that, although the site was very popular with park visitors, those using the observation area did not appear to have an adverse effect on mountain goat use of the mineral lick. Traffic on the highway and visitors standing above the underpasses did, however, influence behaviour of mountain goats crossing the highway, causing run backs, hesitation, and eliciting visual alarm responses. The relatively short time-period visitors spent at the site was also noted and suggestions are made for improving the education value of the area as well as minimising the problems which occur at the underpass.
Toward fiber-based high-frequency 3D ultrasound imaging

We present a fiber-based optical detection system for high-frequency 3D ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging. Optically probing the surface of a thin polymer Fabry-Perot etalon defines the acoustic array geometry and element size. We have previously demonstrated wide bandwidth signal detection (>40 MHz) and element size on the order of 15 mm. By integrating an etalon into a photoacoustic imaging system, high-resolution 3D images were obtained. However, the previous system is limited for clinical applications because the etalon is rigidly attached to a free-space optical scanning system. To move etalon detector technology toward a practical clinical device, we designed a remote-probe system based on a fiber bundle. A fiber bundle, composed of 160,000 individual light guides of 8-mm diameter, delivers the optical probe to the etalon. Light coupled into a single guide creates an active element on the etalon surface. We successfully measured the ultrasound signals from 10 MHz and 50 MHz ultrasound transducers using a laser tunable around 1550 nm. With further progress on reducing the size of the etalon, it will be possible to build a practical device for in vivo high-frequency 3D ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging, especially for intravascular and endoscopic applications.
Palynology of Kaiparowits Formation, Garfield County, Utah: ABSTRACT

The Kaiparowits Formation is the youngest Cretaceous unit in central-southern Utah. One 2,750-ft-thick section of the formation was measured, described, and sampled in the type locality, The Blues, Garfield County, Utah. Palynological documentation is based on the study of 15 samples distributed throughout the formation. Palynomorphs assignable to 80 species in 41 genera were described. One genus and 36 species are believed to be new. The Kaiparowits Formation is equivalent to the upper Lance or Hell Creek. Aquilapollenites spp., Azolla cretacea Stanley, and Proteacidites spp. proved to be of greatest significance for correlation and dating purposes. Comparisons of the entire flora also indicated that the Kaiparowits Formation is Late Cretaceous. The lower 2,200 ft of the Kaiparowits Formation was deposited as a delta in a rapidly subsiding basin. The sediments indicate a western provenance-probably central or western Nevada. The Blues was in the fluvial part of the delta with low, marshy or swampy topography. Uplands and semi-arid to arid areas also were present within the drainage basin. Sedimentation of the upper 550 ft of the formation was probably similar to that of the lower 2,200 ft, but is incompletely understood. Considerable volcanic activity in the region is indicated by the presence of large volumes of bentonitic material within the formation. No evidence was observed to indicate that any of the Kaiparowits Formation in this area was deposited under marine conditions. End_of_Article - Last_Page 729------------
Congenital malformations of the coronary arteries: The Texas Heart Institute experience

Coronary artery anomalies, some of which are considered clinically insignificant, can be associated with other congenital heart defects, myocardial ischemia, and reduced life expectancy. We conducted a retrospective study to determine the efficacy of surgical treatment in 191 patients who had a total of 202 coronary artery anomalies, which were classified as anomalies of origin (88 patients), termination (93), or distribution (10). Of the 88 patients with anomalies of origin, 60 had a coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery, 18 had a right coronary artery arising from the left anterior descending artery, and 10 had a coronary artery arising from the contralateral sinus of Valsalva. All patients with an anomaly of termination had a coronary arteriovenous fistula, and all patients with an anomaly of origin had a single coronary artery. The diagnostic and operative techniques for each of the defects are evaluated. Based on our experience, early diagnosis and surgical intervention can yield satisfactory results in patients with coronary artery anomalies, with most experiencing relief of symptoms. The operative procedures were associated with a low early and late mortality; in addition, few patients experienced complications.
High prevalence of sleep disturbance in cirrhosis

Sleep disturbance is a classic sign of hepatic encephalopathy. However, there are limited data regarding its prevalence in cirrhotic patients without overt hepatic encephalopathy. We assessed the characteristics of sleep in cirrhosis using a sleep questionnaire (n = 44) and actigraphy (n = 20). The results were compared with those of subjects with chronic renal failure and those of healthy controls. Presence of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy, chronotypology profile, and individual's affective state were also analyzed. The questionnaire indicated an elevated number of cirrhotic patients (47.7%) and patients with chronic renal failure (38.6%) who complained of unsatisfactory sleep compared with healthy controls (4.5%, P < .01). Actigraphy corroborated the deterioration of sleep parameters in cirrhotic patients with unsatisfactory sleep. The sleep disturbance in cirrhosis was not associated with clinical parameters nor with cognitive impairment. Cirrhotic subjects and patients with chronic renal failure with unsatisfactory sleep showed higher scores for depression and anxiety, raising the possibility that the effects of chronic disease may underlie the pathogenesis of sleep disturbance. However, in contrast to chronic renal failure, unsatisfactory sleep in cirrhosis was associated with delayed bedtime, delayed wake-up time, and evening chronotypology. In conclusion, a sleep disturbance is frequent in cirrhotic patients without hepatic encephalopathy and may be related to abnormalities of the circadian timekeeping system.
The No-Minimum argument and satisficing: a reply to Chris Dragos

Chris Dragos has recently presented two objections to criticisms I've published against Peter van Inwagen's No-Minimum argument. He also suggests that the best way to criticize the No-Minimum argument is via the concept of divine satisficing. In this article I argue that both of Dragos's objections fail, and I question whether satisficing is relevant to the viability of the No-Minimum argument.
Using in-situ techniques to probe high-temperature reactions: Thermochemical cycles for the production of synthetic fuels from CO2 and water

Ferrites are promising materials for enabling solar-thermochemical cycles. Such cycles utilize solar-thermal energy to reduce the metal oxide, which is then re-oxidized by H2O or CO2, producing H2 or CO, respectively. Mixing ferrites with zirconia or yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) greatly improves their cyclabilities. In order to understand this system, we have studied the behavior of iron oxide/8YSZ (8 mol-% Y2O3 in ZrO2) using in situ X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analyses at temperatures up to 1500 °C and under controlled atmosphere. The solubility of iron oxide in 8YSZ measured by XRD at room temperature was 9.4 mol-% Fe. The solubility increased to at least 10.4 mol-% Fe when heated between 800 and 1000 °C under inert atmosphere. Furthermore iron was found to migrate in and out of the 8YSZ phase as the temperature and oxidation state of the iron changed. In samples containing >9.4 mol-% Fe, stepwise heating to 1400 °C under helium caused reduction of Fe2O3 to Fe3O4 to FeO. Exposure of the FeO-containing material to CO2 at 1100 °C re-oxidized FeO to Fe3O4 with evolution of CO. Thermogravimetric analysis during thermochemical cycling of materials with a range of iron contents showed that samples with mostly dissolved iron utilized a greater proportion of the iron atoms present than did samples possessing a greater fraction of un-dissolved iron oxides.
Age, gender, race, and associations with kidney failure following living kidney donation.

Abstract Introduction Our previous reports suggested that African Americans (AA) are more likely to develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD) following kidney donation when compared with white counterparts. We sought information on age, gender, and race of kidney donors to determine which groups were over-represented on the kidney transplant waiting list. Methods We queried the United Network for Organ Sharing United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) Organ Procurement Transplantation Network (OPTN) database for former donors who were subsequently placed on the kidney transplant waiting list. Information was retrieved on race, gender, age at donation, years between donation and listing, and diagnosis leading to ESRD. Comparisons were made to all kidney donors between 1988 and 2006 using chi-square testing. Results In this study, 126 individual kidney donors entered the kidney transplant waiting list. Fifty of the 126 (40%) were AA ( P Conclusion AA, males, and young donors may be at higher risk for kidney failure in the years following kidney donation. Mechanisms of increased risk are unclear but deserve further scrutiny. Our data are limited by the small number of patients developing kidney failure, the lack of complete follow-up on all living kidney donors, and the possibility that older donors with kidney failure were not listed because of death or other medical conditions. We believe that discussion of long-term risks may be different for various subgroups, especially for young AA kidney donors.
Analytic Description of Hypermixing and Test of an Improved Nozzle

A novel method for increasing the rate of jet mixing by the production of streamwise vortices has been developed. An analytic description of this hypermixing effect is obtained with an eddy viscosity whose length and velocity scales are proportional to the vortex size and rotational speed. The predictions of this analysis are compared with experimental results for the growth of hypermixing jets, and the generalization to other shear flows is discussed. Tests of an improved hypermixing nozzle show that the length of the thrust augmenting ejec- tor developed at ARL can be almost halved, with no loss in augmentation. through the shroud. The primary jet is decelerated as it mixes with the secondary flow, causing the average static (and total) pressure in the duct to rise. Since the primary flow is only a fraction of the secondary flow, the mixing section may be considered to act an an elongated actuator disk, or fan. Because of the increased static pressure in the diffuser section, the inlet-diffuser venturi develops a net lip thrust. It is this force that augments the thrust of the primary jet. When integrated with the wing into a lift propulsion system, the ejector acts like a jet flap to increase the cir- culation lift during transition. Since ejectors can be used to augment and deflect the engine thrust during takeoff and landing, their use permits the installation of a smaller engine for more efficient cruise. The lowered exhaust velocities and acoustic shielding provided by the walls of the duct offer im- portant advantages in the area of noise reduction, as well. The application of ejector thrust augmentation to V/STOL aircraft has, therefore, been an active research goal for several decades. However, complete mixing of the primary jet and secondary entrainment flow is required to achieve significant levels of augmentation. In the past this has meant that an ejector must include a long mixing duct. Ejectors shor- tened to meet aircraft size and weight limitations could not generate sufficient thrust to make the concept practical. The performance of short ejectors can be increased by ac- celerating the rate of entrainment by the primary jet (hyper- mixing). The hypermixing nozzles developed at ARL produce a system of streamwise vortices in the primary flow. These vortices serve to entrain additional fluid, so that a more fully mixed flow is obtained within a shorter distance. In the present article an eddy viscosity for hypermixing jets is presented, and tests of an improved nozzle, which has made large reductions in ejector length possible, are reported.
Population-Based Examination of the Interaction of Primary Hypertension and Obesity in South Carolina

Recent studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of primary hypertension (HTN) among children is higher than early estimates of 25%. The prevalence of obesity has more than doubled between 1980 and 2000, from 5% to 11%. To examine racial differences in the prevalence and progression of comorbid essential HTN and obesity for children 0 to 21 years of age, onset age distribution, controlling for widely acknowledged gender differences, a statewide Medicaid claims database was used. Results indicate that the prevalence rate of HTN in the general pediatric population treated during the decade between 1995 and 2004 with Medicaid was 3.7% for essential HTN, or 90% of the total diagnosed HTN cases. Just more than half were first diagnosed with HTN with no gender or ethnic differences, mean age of onset was 14 to 15 years of age for HTN and 12 to 15 years of age for obesity, but with the mean age of onset for both conditions increasing with time. Development of the comorbid conditions takes less than 2 years regardless of which condition is diagnosed first. African Americans demonstrate more rapid onset of obesity when HTN is diagnosed first, and both males and African Americans show more rapid onset of HTN when obesity is diagnosed first. This study is the first population-based study to include such a large cohort of pediatric patients who are both hypertensive and obese with information during 10 years. Pediatric males and African Americans are important groups to monitor closely in the diagnostic and treatment phases for comorbid HTN and obesity.
Connected moments expansion: A new tool for quantum many-body theory.

The connected-moments expansion (CMX) for the ground-state energy is derived from the Horn-Weinstein theorem. This new technique possesses several striking advantages over traditional approaches to calculation of the ground-state energy. Like perturbational theories, the CMX series is conceptually simple but is easier to derive and program and is usually convergent even for very ``crude'' trial kets. Numerical examples reveal potential applicability of CMX for calculation of the correlation energy when the trial ket has the form of multideterminant wave function.
IMS integrates surface wave radar with existing assets for continuous surveillance of the EEZ

A demonstration integrated maritime surveillance (IMS) system to be implemented on the east coast of Canada will provide 24 hour coverage of surface ships and aircraft to beyond the 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The system will enhance the protection of offshore resources (fishing, oil and natural gas), support better search and rescue services and combat smuggling, drug trafficking, the illegal dumping of pollutants and other activities prejudicial to the nation. HF surface wave radar, the key sensor in IMS, is the only land-based sensor capable of over-the-horizon detection and tracking of airborne and surface targets in all weathers. Trials conducted using two experimental facilities in Newfoundland successfully demonstrated the detection of aircraft, ships and icebergs at ranges out to 200 nautical miles. Effective surveillance requires not only detection, but also the identification of targets. In the IMS system, automatic dependent surveillance (ADS) systems are augmented by surface wave radar data from overlapping radar sites, combined at the sensor level. Target attributes are then correlated with the tracks. Attributes are obtained from a variety of other sources including airborne and surface vessel radar contacts, visual sightings and radio contact reports. At an operations control centre, work-stations provide access to the system and enable operators to compile a composite picture of activity in the EEZ.
Language Factors Associated with Achievement Grouping in Math Classrooms: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study.

The study examines the effects of classroom achievement grouping (AG) practices on the early mathematics performance of language-minority students and compares their mathematics achievement to that of English-speaking majority students. Using a nationally representative database of the USA, both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were done. In the cross-sectional analyses we explored the direct effect of grouping practice on students performance, while in the longitudinal analysis we looked at the growth trajectory in mathematics learning. The results of cross-sectional analyses indicated that the effect of AG was negative on the math achievement in 1st and 5th graders. The longitudinal analysis showed a significant negative effect of AG for English Language Learners (ELL). The paper provides the basis for practical guidelines for the grouping practices in mathematics.
Tenet (tactical edge network emulation tool): A tool for connectivity analysis for tactical scenario

Unlike the fixed networks, the scenarios and field conditions for tactical networks are dynamic and hard to predict or model. This is because of the complexities and uncertainties involved in forecasting the node distribution, communications demand pattern, theater terrain characteristics, mobility of the platforms, radios and frequencies available, availability of relay and gateway nodes, presence of jammers and their characteristics, among other factors. As more and more warfighting functions rely on netcentric communications capabilities, it is important to rigorously analyze the expected performance of communications networks. In this paper we describe a methodology for tactical scenario development and physical layer connectivity analysis using a modeling and simulation tool named TENET (Tactical Edge Network Emulation Tool). This modeling and simulation methodology quantifies network connectivity among other physical layer network characteristics, as a function of time. This tool has been used for various service specific network studies, as well as for joint networks and has provided significant insights for developing more robust architectures, evaluating topology control algorithms, acquisition decisions, and for setting future technology direction. Previously published results of this tool were limited to static, homogenous networks while current results include true physics based mobility and heterogeneous network architectures.
Consumer style inventory and intent to social shop online for apparel using social networking sites

Purpose – The purpose of this paper are to examine: first, whether the consumer style inventory (CSI) consumer decision-making styles were related to opinion seeking using electronic word of mouth (eWOM) in social networking sites (SNSs) and attitudes toward online social shopping using SNSs; and second, whether opinion seeking in SNSs and attitudes mediated the links between decision-making styles and intent to social shop online for apparel using SNSs. Design/methodology/approach – The conceptual foundation was based on Engel, Kollat, and Blackwell's model. In total, 304 college students who are SNS users provided usable responses. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the proposed model and research hypotheses. Findings – Among the CSI consumer decision-making styles, novelty/fashion consciousness decision-making style was the most important antecedent of opinion seeking using eWOM. The brand consciousness decision-making style was the most important antecedent of favorable attitudes. Novel...
Multilayer polypeptide nanoscale coatings incorporating IL-12 for the prevention of biomedical device-associated infections

Biomedical device-associated infection is one of the most common and problematic complications faced by millions of patients worldwide. The current antibiotic therapy strategies face challenges, the most serious of which is antibiotic resistance. Studies have shown that the systemic level of interleukin 12 (IL-12) decreases following major injuries resulting in decreased cell-mediated immune response. Here we report the development of IL-12 nanoscale coatings using electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly nanotechnology. We found that IL-12 nanoscale coatings at the implant/tissue interface substantially decrease infections in vivo, and IL-12 nanoscale coatings are advantageous over traditional treatments. This approach could be a revolutionary step toward preventing device-associated infections using a non-antibiotic approach.
Secure collision-free frequency hopping for OFDMA-based wireless networks

This paper considers highly efficient antijamming system design using secure dynamic spectrum access control. First, we propose a collision-free frequency hopping (CFFH) system based on the OFDMA framework and an innovative secure subcarrier assignment scheme. The CFFH system is designed to ensure that each user hops to a new set of subcarriers in a pseudorandom manner at the beginning of each hopping period, and different users always transmit on nonoverlapping sets of subcarriers. The CFFH scheme can effectively mitigate the jamming interference, including both random jamming and follower jamming. Moreover, it has the same high spectral efficiency as that of the OFDM system and can relax the complex frequency synchronization problem suffered by conventional FH. Second, we enhance the antijamming property of CFFH by incorporating the space-time coding (STC) scheme. The enhanced system is referred to as STC-CFFH. Our analysis indicates that the combination of space-time coding and CFFH is particularly powerful in eliminating channel interference and hostile jamming interference, especially random jamming. Simulation examples are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed schemes. The proposed scheme provides a promising solution for secure and efficient spectrum sharing among different users and services in cognitive networks.
ELECTROPHILIC ADDITION TO [Rh17S2(CO)32]3−

Abstract Reactions of electrophiles with [Rh17S2(CO)32]3− produce the adducts [Rh17S2(CO)32E]2−, E = Au(PPh3), Au(PPh2Me), Ag, Rh(COD), Pt(COD)Cl, and Pd(COD)Cl, characterized by spectroscopic methods. The 13C NMR spectrum of [Rh17S2(CO)32Au(PPh3)]2− suggests that addition of the electrophile occurs at a Rh-Rh edge between the basal and internal Rh4 planes. Cyclic voltammograms for [Rh17S2(CO)32]3− and [Rh17S2(CO)32AuL]2− show several irreversible oxidation processes but two 1-electron reductions, the first of which is nearly reversible.
Mechanism of Cx26-G45E Deafness Mutant Dysregulation Explored by Molecular Dynamics Simulations

To explore the mechanism by which Ca2+ blocks ionic conductance during tissue injury, we recently solved the X-ray crystal structures of the Cx26 gap junction channel with and without bound Ca2+. The two structures were nearly identical, ruling out a large-scale steric mechanism for channel block. Also, the pore diameter was ∼15 A, sufficient for the passage of hydrated ions. The sites for Ca2+ coordination reside at the interface between adjacent subunits, near the entrance to the extracellular gap. Ca2+ binding occurs by local conformational shifts of Ca2+-chelating residues. Molecular dynamics simulations and electrostatic calculations suggest that Ca2+ induces an electrostatic barrier to the passage of cations. We used MD simulations to explore the mechanism of channelopathy in the G45E mutant. The simulations suggest that the additional acidic side-chain at each of the channel-lining Ca2+ binding sites is unable to contribute to Ca2+ coordination. We propose that the additional negative charge contributed by the glutamate carboxylate disrupts normal Ca2+-dependent electrostatic regulation of Cx26 ion selectivity and permeability.
High-resolution gamma-ray detection using phonon-mediated detectors

We are presenting the results of our ongoing efforts to develop a new type of focal plane detector for the 10 to 100 keV band with an energy resolution of 0.1 %. The device will measure energy and position by using microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) to sense athermal phonons created by photon absorption in a dielectric substrate. We have fabricated a proof-of-concept detector of size 2 cm × 2 cm × 1 mm on silicon, which has demonstrated a baseline energy resolution of = 0.38 keV and = 0.55 keV at 30 keV.
An experimental comparison of model-based clustering methods

We examine methods for clustering in high dimensions. In the first part of the paper, we perform an experimental comparison between three batch clustering algorithms: the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm, a "winner take all" version of the EM algorithm reminiscent of the K-means algorithm, and model-based hierarchical agglomerative clustering. We learn naive-Bayes models with a hidden root node, using high-dimensional discrete-variable data sets (both real and synthetic). We find that the EM algorithm significantly outperforms the other methods, and proceed to investigate the effect of various initialization schemes on the final solution produced by the EM algorithm. The initializations that we consider are (1) parameters sampled from an uninformative prior, (2) random perturbations of the marginal distribution of the data, and (3) the output of hierarchical agglomerative clustering. Although the methods are substantially different, they lead to learned models that are strikingly similar in quality.
Thermoplastic Applications for Pulse Power Alternators

The field coil is the primary component of the rotor assembly that provides the rotating magnetic field for the pulse power alternator. The design of the field coil is optimized so that it will produce the required magnetic field with minimum transient losses. The high currents required to produce the correct amp-turns, along with the mechanical loads due to high rotational speeds, present further design requirements for selection of field coil material, insulation, and surrounding material that completes the matrix of the field coil sub-assembly. With the addition of active cooling requirements in the field coil design, surrounding materials must be selected that retain electrically insulative properties and are thermally conductive to allow sufficient heat removal from the field coil. Thermoplastics are now being reviewed to replace traditional glass-epoxy potting compounds (thermosets) that have been used extensively in pulsed alternator designs. Fillers can be added to tailor properties of the thermoplastic, such as ceramics to increase thermal conductivity at the cost of an increase in density. Thermal analyses have been performed that show the benefits of using thermally conductive potting compounds. In addition, subscale field coil mockups (motorettes) have been encapsulated and tested to demonstrate encapsulation of current field coil geometries
Predicting Shelter Residence in Women Experiencing Recent Intimate Partner Violence

This study sought to determine factors associated with shelter residence in women with recent histories of intimate partner violence (IPV). The sample included 113 women, approximately half of whom resided in a shelter over the past year. Participating women provided demographic information and completed standardized measures of IPV, trauma, and depression. Ethnicity, income, housing stability, and mental health, but not violence exposure, differentiated the shelter and community groups. Trauma symptoms, housing instability, and ethnicity best predicted shelter residence. Future research should focus on determining what types of services and interventions will best address the unique needs of each population.
Asymmetric induction in benzoin by photolysis of benzaldehyde adsorbed in cyclodextrin cavities

Abstract Irradiation of solid β-cyclodextrin complexes of benzaldehyde produces optically active benzoin as a major photo-product with an enantiomeric excess of up to 15%.
On approximating Fourier integral transforms by their discrete counterparts in certain geophysical applications

In the past, fast Fourier transforms (FFT's) have been used in geophysical data analysis and, with some success, in theoretical analysis. However, in the general situation when neither the function nor its transform image is of compact support, the digital transforms inevitably introduce aliasing errors in both the domain and range space. A technique to assess and minimize this error is given for a restricted set of functions.
Agent Reliabilism and the Problem of Clairvoyance

This paper argues that John Greco’s agent reliabilism fails in its attempt to meet the double requirement of accounting for the internalist intuition that knowledge requires sensitivity to the reliability of one’s evidence and evading the charge of psychological implausibility.
Observations of dispersion of entrained fluid in the self-preserving region of a turbulent jet

Visualisation de l'ecoulement a l'aide d'un colorant fluorescent permettant de suivre le fluide entraine jusqu'a une distance de 73 fois le diametre depuis la sortie du jet
Wechsler discrepancies and the rorschach experience balance

A higher Performance than Verbal score commonly is interpreted as indicating a more externalizing, action-oriented style, while those who display the reverse pattern of WAIS scores often are seen as better able to delay. Because very similar personality descriptions are developed from the Rorschach Experience Balance (EB), a relationship between Verbal-Performance discrepancies and the ratio of movement to color was predicted. Contrary to expectation, correlations between these two indices for a group of psychiatric inpatients (N = 188) and a group of non-referred children N = (47) were nonsignificant. The Wechsler discrepancy also was unrelated to other Rorschach indices and, for the children, to scores derived from a behavior checklist. These findings cast some doubt on the assumption of a common factor underlying the WAIS Verbal-Performance discrepancy and the Rorschach Experience Balance.
Nanoelectromechanical systems as single electron switches and field emitters

We measured field emission from a silicon nanopillar mechanically oscillating between two electrodes. The pillar has a height of about 200 nm and a diameter of 50 nm, allowing resonant mechanical excitations at radio frequencies. The tunneling barriers for field emission are mechanically modulated via displacement of the gold island on top of the pillar. We present a rich frequency-dependent response of the emission current in the frequency range of 300 ~ 400 MHz at room temperature. Modified Fowler-Nordheim field emission is observed and attributed to the mechanical oscillations of the nanopillar.
Failure mechanisms in MOSFET square-wave drivers for wireless power transfer applications

Reports from experimental laboratory work have described catastrophic failure of power MOSFETs used in square-wave voltage sources driving resonant four-coil wireless power-transfer (WPT) networks. Simulation with PSpice has duplicated the problem, identified its probable origins, and presents possible avenues for amelioration.
ADVANTAGES OF CLUSTERED NESTING FOR LEAST FLYCATCHERS IN NORTH-CENTRAL MINNESOTA

Abstract Least Flycatchers (Empidonax minimus) often aggregate their territories, even though advantages of clustering are not apparent. In north-central Minnesota we investigated four potential reasons for clustered nesting in Least Flycatchers: (1) predator deterrence, (2) preferred habitat features, (3) greater food availability, and (4) competitive exclusion. In 1995 and 1996 we compared arthropod abundance, forest structure, and plant species composition inside and outside nine Least Flycatcher clusters. We also compared the response of forest birds to the presentation of a predator (Broad-winged Hawk [Buteo platypterus]), and used point counts to detect any exclusion of potential predators or competitors from the clusters. The predator deterrence hypothesis received the strongest support. In response to hawk presentations inside the clusters, 2.8 times more birds (all species combined) gave 5.8 times more alarm calls than outside, with differences due entirely to the presence of Least Flycatchers. I...
Comparison of ecological validity of learning disabilities diagnostic models

The purpose of this article is to examine models designed for the determination of a learning disability and compare them to specific criteria to determine whether the given diagnostic process is ecological in nature. The traditional child-centered deficit model (CCD), Relative Achievement Discrepancy model (RAD), and Responsiveness to Intervention model (RTI) were evaluated against the following three questions: (a) Does the environmental context of the assessment adequately represent the real-life situation? (b) Are the assessment stimuli relevant to the daily classroom activity? (c) Are the student behavior and/or required response natural and representative of the construct being assessed? The results of this examination suggested that the RTI has the most potential for ecological validity, but currently falls short. Suggestions for future research are included. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 157–168, 2006.
Characterization of Cell Lines Developed from Field Populations of Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

Two cell lines, ABADRL-Cs-W3 (W3) and ABADRL-Cs-W8A (W8), were developed from a field population of Culicoides sonorensis Wirth & Jones. The cell lines were characterized by isozyme phenotyping and the ability to support the replication of bluetongue virus (BLU) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) (Orbivirus, Reoviridae). Comparison of isozymes found in the cell lines with those found in adult C. sonorensis colony insects confirmed that the cell lines were of C. sonorensis origin. There was, however, sufficient isozyme variation present in the cell lines to construct a unique isozyme profile for each cell line. Although both cell lines supported BLU and EHDV replication to the same level, one-step growth curves for BLU indicated that virus replication was faster and attained a peak titer earlier in the W3 cell line than in the W8 cell line. Viral proteins and RNA were detected earlier in the W3 cell line as well. The accelerated virus growth kinetics observed in the W3 cell line and the adherent nature of the cells makes it more suitable for certain Orbivirus studies.
A remarkable new species of Trirammatus Chaudoir (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini) from the Valdivian Forest of Chile

A new species, Trirammatus torqueotrochantus is described from Caram vida, Chile. Males of this species are distinguished by unique femur-length, twisted and falcate trochanters, which are a form unlike that of any described pterostichine. Both sexes are recognizable from other species of Trirammatus by the combination of short metepisternum and bicolored legs. The species is included in Trirammatus based on the shared condition of having paired sub-tarsal claw setae. The status and characters of genera thought to be near relatives of Trirammatus, the evolution of elongate metatrochanters and their relationship to wedge-pushing are briefly discussed. The hind legs of T. torqueotrochantus, Pterostichus (Cylindrocharis) acutipes acutipes, P. (Steropus) moestus and Acanthoferonia ferox are illustrated to show relative trochanter lengths.
Anomalous properties of hippocampal lesion-induced retrograde amnesia

Retrograde amnesia can result from transient or permanent insults to the central nervous system and is typically manifest as a temporally graded memory loss. This temporal gradient of retrograde amnesia has been considered evidence for memory consolidation, since newly acquired information is vulnerable to amnestic treatments, whereas older information is not. Although investigations of transient insult-induced retrograde amnesia have provided evidence against a consolidation interpretation, hippocampal lesion-induced retrograde amnesia is still considered to represent a consolidation (or storage) failure. In order to investigate the consolidation interpretation of hippocampal lesion-induced retrograde amnesia, two experiments were undertaken. In the first, rats were reminded of “old” memories prior to hippocampal lesions, a procedure that produced retrograde amnesia. This result is difficult to reconcile with current interpretations of retrograde amnesia, since consolidated memories are presumably not vulnerable to amnesia. The second experiment explored the permanence of hippocampal lesion-induced retrograde amnesia by presenting amnestic rats with a portion of the training treatment (reactivation) prior to testing. The reactivation treatment successfully reversed retrograde amnesia. Taken together, the results from these experiments indicate that hippocampal retrograde amnesia may not in all cases arise from storage failure and illuminate new circumstances under which damage to the hippocampus may affect memory.
The Racial/Ethnic Identity Development of Tomorrow’s Adolescent

Adolescents across racial/ethnic group memberships often experience some degree of confusion and maladaptive symptoms as they sort through the potential components of their personal and ethnic identities (Luyckx et al., 2008; Schwartz, Zamboanga, Weisskirch, & Rodriguez, 2009). The similarities of this process do not end there; research indicates that the structures of both ethnic identity (Roberts et al., 1999) and personal identity (Schwartz, Cote, & Arnett, 2005) are consistent across ethnic groups. Helms (1990) defined racial identity as a “sense of group or collective identity based on the perception that one shares a common racial heritage with a particular group” (as cited by Phelps, Taylor, & Gerard, 2001, p. 210). Ethnic identity, on the other hand, is conceptualized as “the study of attitudes about one’s own ethnicity” (Phinney, 1990, p. 499) and may include ethnic group membership self-identification, a sense of belonging, and attitudes one holds toward their ethnic group (Phinney, 1992). As our society becomes more global and welcoming of greater racial/ethnic diversity, the study of racial/ethnic identity development becomes even more salient for adolescents (Berry, Poortinga, Segall, & Dasen, 2002; Schwartz et al., 2009). A major goal of this chapter is to address the aspects of both racial and ethnic identity development among adolescents. This goal is accomplished in part by linking theories of adolescent identity development to the experiences of diverse youth.
Effects of Black Raspberries on Cellular and Epigenetic Biomarkers of Colon Cancer Development in Humans

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading digestive tract cancer in the Western world, particularly in the United States where it accounts for approximately 10% of all cancer deaths. The multistage development of CRC is associated with chromosomal instability, DNA-repair defects, aberrant DNA methylation, and mutational events in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Preclinical studies using cultured human colon tumor cells and animal models of colorectal cancer indicate that black raspberries (BRBs) and their constituent anthocyanins and ellagitannins elicit chemopreventive effects against CRC. A 7-day Phase I trial indicated that BRBs are well tolerated by humans and their component anthocyanins and ellagic acid are absorbed into blood. The results of a Phase Ib trial in which BRBs were administered daily to colorectal cancer patients from the time of diagnosis of the disease until surgical removal of the tumor (average = 3 weeks) are presented in this chapter. BRB treatment resulted in reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis of CRC cells. In addition, tumor angiogenesis was inhibited by berries. BRB treatment reduced s-catenin expression and enhanced E-cadherin expression in CRC indicating a protective effect on the Wnt signaling pathway. DNA methylation assays showed that BRBs are capable of demethylating tumor suppressor genes associated with the Wnt pathway, in part, through inhibiting the expression of DNMT1, a DNA methyltransferase that is commonly overexpressed in CRC. These data suggest that BRBs should be further examined for chemopreventive effects against CRC.
Perihematomal Edema and Functional Outcomes in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Influence of Hematoma Volume and Location.

Background and Purpose— Perihematomal edema (PHE) is associated with poor outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). PHE evolves in the early period after ICH, providing a therapeutic target and window for intervention. We studied the effect of PHE volume expansion in the first 72 hours (iPHE) and its relationship with functional outcomes. Methods— We used data contained in the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive. We included patients who presented within 6 hours of symptom onset, had baseline clinical, radiological, and laboratory data, and further computed tomographic scan data at 72 hours and 90-day functional outcomes. We calculated iPHE and used logistic regression analysis to assess relationships with outcome. We adjusted for confounding variables and the primary outcome measure poor day-90 outcome (defined as modified Rankin Scale score of ≥3. We performed subgroup analyses by location and by volume of ICH. Results— We included 596 patients with ICH. Median baseline hematoma volume was 15.0 mL (IQR, 7.9–29.2) and median baseline PHE volume was 8.7 mL (IQR, 4.5–15.5). Hematoma expansion occurred in 122 (34.9%) patients. Median iPHE was 14.7 mL (IQR, 6.6–30.3). The odds of a poor outcome were greater with increasing iPHE (OR, 1.78; CI, 1.12–2.64 per mL increase). Subgroup analyses showed that iPHE was only related to poor functional outcomes in basal ganglia and small (<30 mL) ICH. Conclusions— Absolute increase in PHE during 72 hours was associated with worse functional outcomes after ICH, particularly with basal ganglia ICH and hematomas <30 mL.
Validation and Impact of Caregivers’ Oral Health Knowledge and Behavior on Children’s Oral Health Status

Purpose The purpose was to validate oral health knowledge and behavior measures from the Basic Research Factors Questionnaire, developed to capture specific themes contributing to children’s oral health outcomes and influence of caregivers.
Controlled synthesis of mesoporous carbon nanostructures via a "silica-assisted" strategy.

We have established a facile and generalizable “silica-assisted” synthesis for diverse carbon spheres—a category that covers mesoporous carbon nanospheres, hollow mesoporous carbon nanospheres, and yolk-shell mesoporous carbon nanospheres—by using phenolic resols as a polymer precursor, silicate oligomers as an inorganic precursor, and hexadecyl trimethylammoniumchloride as a template. The particle sizes of the carbon nanospheres are uniform and easily controlled in a wide range of 180–850 nm by simply varying the ethanol concentrations. All three types of mesoporous carbon nanospheres have high surface areas and large pore volumes and exhibit promising properties for supercapacitors with high capacitance and favorable capacitance retention.
The Leadership Equation: Strategies for Individuals Who Are Champions for Children, Youth, and Families, by Blau, G. M. & Magrab, P. R. (Eds.)

The Leadership Equation: Strategies for Individuals Who Are Champions for Children, Youth, and Families, edited by Gary M. Blau and Phyllis R. Magrab, is a book for beginning leaders in the field o...
Differentiation between AIDS-related and non-AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma

The epidemiology, clinical presentation, and clinical course of AIDS-related and non-AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma are reviewed and compared. The histopathological features for diagnosis of Kaposi’s sarcoma are described. The authors confirm an earlier report that patients with non-AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma have no HIV antibodies, and recommend serologic HIV testing for all patients with a diagnosis of Kaposi’s sarcoma.