cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Full text indexing based on lexical relations an application: software libraries

In contrast to other kinds of libraries, software libraries need to be conceptually organized. When looking for a component, the main concern of users is the functionality of the desired component; implementation details are secondary. Software reuse would be enhanced with conceptually organized large libraries of software components. In this paper, we present GURU, a tool that allows automatical building of such large software libraries from documented software components. We focus here on GURU's indexing component which extracts conceptual attributes from natural language documentation. This indexing method is based on words' co-occurrences. It first uses EXTRACT, a co-occurrence knowledge compiler for extracting potential attributes from textual documents. Conceptually relevant collocations are then selected according to their resolving power, which scales down the noise due to context words. This fully automated indexing tool thus goes further than keyword-based tools in the understanding of a document without the brittleness of knowledge based tools. The indexing component of GURU is fully implemented, and some results are given in the paper.
Relation of Right Ventricular Pacing Site to Left Ventricular Mechanical Synchrony

Transvenous pacing leads are regularly placed in the right ventricular (RV) apex. Pediatric patients can develop myopathic changes after long-term RV apical pacing. Left ventricular (LV) mechanical dyssynchrony, estimated with echocardiography, may explain the acute decrease in LV function and long-term histopathologic changes. Ts-4w is an established echocardiographic measurement of LV synchrony, using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). The purpose of this study was to determine whether TDI could identify acute changes in LV synchrony during pacing from different RV sites. We prospectively measured Ts-4w and Doppler-derived cardiac output after 5 minutes of pacing in 19 subjects undergoing catheter ablation. Each subject underwent pacing at 4 sites in random order: high right atrium, high RV septum (septal), RV outflow tract, and RV apex. Ts-4w was measured during sinus rhythm and each pacing protocol, with a value >65 ms defining mechanical dyssynchrony. Ts-4w during high right atrial (32.6 ± 17.6 ms) and septal (28.9 ± 10.9 ms) pacing were not different from sinus rhythm (39.5 ± 15.5 ms). RV apex (85.7 ± 18.4 ms) and RV outflow tract (84.2 ± 20.4 ms) pacing induced mechanical dyssynchrony (p
Teacher Learning Cohorts: A Vehicle for Supporting Beginning Teachers.

One of the greatest challenges that general education teachers face is how to address the educational needs of an increasingly diverse student population. Perhaps what is most disturbing about this challenge is that many general education teachers seem unprepared to face it. Researchers investigating inclusive classrooms have found that general education teachers make few instructional adaptations for children with disabilities and those at-risk academically and behaviorally. Even more problematic are the challenges that a diverse student population presents to novice teachers, who are often less prepared to make accommodations for individual students. To address the challenges general education teachers face, particularly beginning teachers, we designed Teacher Learning Cohorts (TLCs) for two urban elementary schools. Our article describes case studies of three beginning TLC general education teachers in the two schools and their efforts to learn how to teach students with disabilities and other high-ris...
U.S. Virgin Islands' international tourism: an industry at the crossroads

Abstract The U.S. Virgin Islands' tourism industry remains static while the industry in the Caribbean has been growing. The depreciation of the U.S. dollar will attract larger numbers of Canadians and Europeans as well as U.S. visitors to other areas of the Caribbean for beach holidays, but it may not help the U.S. Virgin Islanders unless government and private industry development encourages visitors to come and stay in hotels while also welcoming cruiseship passengers.
Ultrafast infrared-photon-induced optoelectronic switching

The dynamics of coherent electron-photon coupling between extended electronic states and a confined electronic state is studied by directly solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. A new type of optoelectronic switching device is proposed. We present, as an example, a single quantum well device that may potentially operate at a bandwidth of 3 THz.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Ventricular Tachycardia Originating from Heart-Like Left Ventricular Diverticulum Diagnosed by Carto Merge System

A 67 year-old man was referred to our hospital because of pre-syncope and palpitation. The 12-lead ECG recorded during ventricular tachycardia (VT) showed a right bundle branch block and left superior axis QRS morphology, consistent with that of left basal posterior wall origin. After admission, multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) showed no finding of coronary artery but left ventricular (LV) diverticulum of the left basal posterior wall. In the electrophysiological study, endocardial voltage mapping during sinus rhythm revealed the presence of a low voltage area in the LV diverticulum. Isolated delayed potential was recorded between low and normal voltage at the edge of LV diverticulum. Pace mapping at the delayed potential recording site produced the same QRS morphology as that of clinical documented VT and PVCs. However, given the thin walls of the LV diverticulum, cardiac surgery under general anesthesia rather than radiofrequency application by the catheter was indicated and performed. After surgery, VT and the PVCs disappeared on 24-hr Holter ECG. The patient was discharged without antiarrhythmic therapy and had no cardiac events during 6 months follow-up. This case illustrates how the CARTOMERGE system can allow our precise understanding of 3D anatomy of LV, accurate risk assessment of catheter ablation and optimal therapeutic strategy for VT originating from LV anomaly.
Triple-exposure dual-reference holographic recording for heterodyne analysis of transient phenomena

A triple-exposure recording technique has been developed which facilitates the recording of dual-reference beam holograms for heterodyne interferometry of high speed transient surface displacements. The technique overcomes many of the difficulties in recording double-exposure dual-reference beam holograms in a manner which satisfies the strict timing requirements usually associated with holographic recording of high speed phenomena. The technique has been applied successfully for recording and measuring displacements accompanying traveling surface acoustic waves.
Development of a Reliable, Valid Annual Skills Mastery Assessment Examination

Objective. To develop a methodology for a reliable, valid annual skills mastery assessment examination to provide formative student feedback, inform curricular review, and comply with the Accredita...
Rosai-Dorfman Disease Confined to the Breast

The Rosai-Dorfman (also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy), was described in 1969 by Rosai and Dorfman, and is considered a rare disease of unknown aetiology characterized by benign histiocytic lymphadenopathy in the neck and extranodal sites. The involvement of the breast is rare and often simulates invasive breast carcinoma in its clinical presentation and radiological findings. There are currently about 20 cases reported in the literature, and recognition of this uncommon condition, when it occurs in an atypical location such as breast, is extremely difficult. The research aims to report a case of Rosai-Dorfman breast in a woman aged 37, with ill-defined mass in the left breast. Highlighting the immunohistochemical study of biopsy material, and it diffused expression for S-100 protein in histiocytic cells of the parenchyma. J Med Cases. 2013;4(8):519-522 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/jmc1351w
African-American Christianity and the Postmodern Condition

Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? Shall tributional or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril or sword? As it is written, for thy sake we are killed all the day long; we are accounted as sheep for the slaughter. Nay, in all these we are more than conquerers through him that loved us. For I am persuaded, that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things present, nor things to come, nor height, nor depth, nor any other creature, shall be able to separate us from the love of God which is in Christ Jesus our Lord.
The judgment process in nursing.

I am committed to the diversity of nursing arising from its basic unity, that is, tender loving care. I am convinced that this domain is the unique province of nursing and that this is where nursing must focus its efforts. Unlike those who have reduced the concept to a trite, and therefore meaningless form, I am committed to its understanding as a complex entity, encompassing nursing's perceptive, cognitive and active domains. Accordingly, I have concentrated my inquiries and practice toward this understanding. My future work will be to continue my interest in the cognitive domain of nursing, especially with empirically testing my theory of judgment. In addition, I plan to investigate Polyanyi's concepts of tacit knowing and personal knowledge to determine their implications for nursing. The end result of these interests and studies cannot be predicted. I expect, however, my growth will continue to be informed by nursing's diversity, and that my creativity will be stimulated further.
Comments on "Application of FFT and the conjugate gradient method for the solution of electromagnetic radiation from electrically large and small conducting bodies"

In the original paper, (ibid., vol.AP-34, no.5, p.635-40, 1986) T.K. Sarkar et al. describe how the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and the conjugate gradient method (CGM) can be used to efficiently make use of the convolutional form of the electric field integral equation for straight wire antennas. The commentators agree that the CGM converges more rapidly than the previously used method of steepest descent and the spectral iteration technique. They also point out that experience with the dyadic Green's function encountered in the two-dimensional transverse electric (TE) and three-dimensional equations for dielectric bodies is not so encouraging. It is found that for these cases the CGM convergence can be quite slow, degrading the efficiency of the algorithm. In addition, the solution obtained using the pulse-basis point-matching method to discretize the integral equation are very inaccurate for the two-dimensional TE and three-dimensional cases. A reply to these comments from the authors of the original paper is included
Oblique detonation stabilized on a hypervelocity projectile

We present new experimental results demonstrating the initiation and stabilization of an oblique detonation by a hypervelocity projectile. Projectiles 25 mm in diameter were launched at nominal velocities of 2700 m/s into stoichiometric H 2 -O 2 -N 2 mixtures at pressures between 0.1 and 2.5 bar. A critical threshold in initial pressure was found to be required for the establishment of detonations. Initiation events similar to DDT in propagating waves were observed after 300 mm of travel in H 2 -O 2 mixtures diluted with 25% N 2 . A more direct initiation process was observed in H 2 -air mixtures. A stabilized but overdriven oblique detonation was observed in a stoichiometric H 2 -air mixture at an initial pressure of 2.5 bar. The pressure threshold can be explained in terms of competing reaction and flow-quenching effects along a curving streamline in supersonic flow behind a curved shock wave. This competition can be characterized by a critical Damkohler number Da 0 , which is inversely proportional to the product of wave curvature κ and reaction zone thickness Δ. Only if the reaction zone is sufficiently thin in comparison with the projectile, Da>Da 0 , is it possible to obtain stabilized detonations. Otherwise, the reactions quench and the wave splits into a nonreactive shock wave followed by flamelike contact surface. The inverse pressure dependence Δ∼ P 0 −1 of the reaction zone length and the scaling of the wave curvature κ∼1/ a with the body radius a implies the standard binary scaling relationship P 0 a =constant for the critical conditions of stabilization for a given mixture composition characterized by a bimolecular rate-limiting step.
Interlaminar shear strength of glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites enhanced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Abstract In this study, we examine the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of traditional glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites enhanced by strategically injecting multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT)–epoxy suspensions into stationary glass fiber mats. The suspensions were prepared by combining the techniques of high-speed mechanical stirring, ultrasonic agitation and acid oxidation. Two types of process designs were introduced to fabricate the hybrid MWNT/glass/epoxy composites and their relative merits were discussed. Short beam shear (SBS) and compression shear tests (CST) were conducted on the manufactured components to characterize the influence of the process and the weight percentage of nanotubes on the ILSS. The results show that the introduction of MWNT into the composite increased the ILSS by up to 33%. The preferential orientation of the MWNTs in the thickness direction was found to contribute to the increase in the interlaminar shear properties.
N-terminal α-helix-independent membrane interactions facilitate adenovirus protein VI induction of membrane tubule formation

Adenovirus disrupts endosomal membranes during cell entry. The membrane lytic capsid protein VI (pVI) facilitates entry by fragmenting membranes. Although an N-terminal amphipathic α-helix (VI-Φ) possesses similar membrane affinity as pVI, truncated protein lacking VI-Φ (VIΔ54) still possesses moderate membrane affinity. We demonstrate that incorporation of nickel-NTA lipids in membranes enhances the membrane affinity and the membrane lytic activity of VIΔ54. We also demonstrate that 3 predicted pVI α-helices within residues 54-114 associate with membranes, sitting roughly parallel to the membrane surface. His-tagged VIΔ54 is capable of fragmenting membranes similar to pVI and the VI-Φ peptide. Interestingly, neither VI-Φ nor His-tagged VIΔ54 can induce tubule formation in giant lipid vesicles as observed for pVI. These data suggest cooperativity between the amphipathic α-helix and residues in VIΔ54 to induce positive membrane curvature and tubule formation. These results provide additional details regarding the mechanism of nonenveloped virus membrane penetration.
Axially excited, tightly interlaced, chiral sculptured thin films for polarization-universal bandgaps

A tightly interlaced chiral sculptured thin film (STF), whose unit cell comprises one structural period each of two otherwise identical chiral STFs but of opposite structural handedness, exhibits a polarization-universal bandgap on axial excitation. This bandgap lies wholly inside the Bragg regime of either constituent chiral STF.
A note on the carnot function

Abstract The CARNOT FUNCTION has been largely neglected by modern writers on thermodynamics, or has at best been relegated to a very minor status. The several definitions of the CARNOT FUNCTION are presented and analyzed in this paper. The uses and limitations of the function are assessed.
Engineering 100: An Introduction to Engineering Systems at the US Air Force Academy

Engineering 100 is a required course for all students at the US Air Force Academy (USAFA). It takes an innovative approach to first-year engineering education by introducing engineering in the context of the design process. At the beginning of the semester, students are introduced to the systems engineering design process and computational tools to help them explore design alternatives and communicate their design solutions. Students are organized into teams and are given assignments geared towards hands-on exposure to five engineering disciplines: astronautical, aeronautical, mechanical, electrical, and civil. The final project requires them to design, construct, and launch a rocket-powered boost glider. The boost glider is produced in a five-stage process which balances textbook and laboratory work, with each stage focused on one of the engineering disciplines. Faculty from each of the five engineering departments at the Academy teach the course, reinforcing the multidisciplinary nature of engineering projects.
Modulation of T cell cytokine production by interferon regulatory factor-4.

Production of cytokines is one of the major mechanisms employed by CD4+ T cells to coordinate immune responses. Although the molecular mechanisms controlling T cell cytokine production have been extensively studied, the factors that endow T cells with their ability to produce unique sets of cytokines have not been fully characterized. Interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-4 is a lymphoid-restricted member of the interferon regulatory factor family of transcriptional regulators, whose deficiency leads to a profound impairment in the ability of mature CD4+ T cells to produce cytokines. In these studies, we have investigated the mechanisms employed by IRF-4 to control cytokine synthesis. We demonstrate that stable expression of IRF-4 in Jurkat T cells not only leads to a strong enhancement in the synthesis of interleukin (IL)-2, but also enables these cells to start producing considerable amounts of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13. Transient transfection assays indicate that IRF-4 can transactivate luciferase reporter constructs driven by either the human IL-2 or the human IL-4 promoter. A detailed analysis of the effects of IRF-4 on the IL-4 promoter reveals that IRF-4 binds to a site adjacent to a functionally important NFAT binding element and that IRF-4 cooperates with NFATc1. These studies thus support the notion that IRF-4 represents one of the lymphoid-specific components that control the ability of T lymphocytes to produce a distinctive array of cytokines.
Complementarities and the managerial challenges of state enterprise restructuring: evidence from two shipyards

The authors examine detailed organizational changes in two similar Polish state enterprises over the past five years. Effective restructuring requires a coherent package of complementary change in at least eight aspects of the business. The requirements on management are formidable and suggest that state enterprise restructuring will be more difficult than is widely believed.
Cost-effectiveness of using human papillomavirus 16/18 genotype triage in cervical cancer screening.

Abstract Objective Testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 genotypes, which are known to cause approximately 65–70% of invasive cervical cancer cases, may allow clinicians to identify women at highest risk for underlying cervical intraepithelial neoplasia missed by Pap cytology. Our objective was to determine the cost-effectiveness of adding HPV-16 and 18 genotype triage to current cervical cancer screening strategies in the United States. Methods We developed a lifetime Markov model to assess the cost-effectiveness of the following cervical cancer screening algorithms: (1) liquid-based cytology (LBC), (2) LBC+HPV triage, (3) HPV+LBC triage, (4) co-screening, (5) co-screening+HPV genotyping, and (6) HPV only+HPV genotyping. Costs were estimated from a payer perspective in 2007 U.S. dollars. Outcome measures included lifetime risk of cervical cancer, quality-adjusted life years saved (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). Results In our model, the use of HPV genotyping strategies prevented 51–73 deaths per 100,000 women screened compared to screening using LBC followed by HPV triage and 4–26 deaths compared to co-screening with LBC and high-risk HPV. Use of HPV genotyping to triage all high-risk HPV-positive women every three years had an ICER of $34,074 per QALY compared to HPV and LBC co-screening. HPV genotyping with co-screening was the most effective strategy and had an ICER of $33,807 per QALY compared to HPV genotyping for all high-risk HPV-positive women. Conclusion The addition of HPV-16 and -18 genotype triage to HPV and LBC co-screening was a cost-effective screening strategy in the United States.
Cytokine-free rapid red cell regeneration

In this issue of Blood, Belay et al present evidence of human bipotent erythroid-megakaryocyte precursor cells that can bypass the burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) and colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) stages and directly and rapidly differentiate into either erythrocytes or megakaryocytes.1
Some Computer Aided Engineering System Design Principles

Engineering design is a human activity which is becoming increasingly reliant on computer systems programmed to support design processes. The builders of such Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) Systems have many problems to solve and this paper looks at some of the principles involved. A model capable of describing the work of the designer is proposed and placed in the context of computer systems. This model is then used to classify basic design activities and leads to a set of computer aided engineering system design principles. An application of these principles is illustrated by a description of some of the methods used by the authors in designing computer aided electronic engineering products.
Effect of neighborhood racial and socioeconomic composition on urban residents' evaluations of their neighborhoods

Using merged survey and census data from Los Angeles and Detroit, this study investigates the effect of neighborhood racial and socioeconomic composition on urban residents' evaluations of their neighborhoods. The findings show that all types of residents-both black and white, low income and high income-evaluate lower income and higher minority areas more negatively. Aversion to low income and high minority areas does not appear to result from class and racial prejudice, but rather from undesirable neighborhood characteristics.
Thromboxane and prostacyclin in clinical acute respiratory failure.

Plasma levels of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin have been elevated during experimental acute respiratory failure (ARDS). The present study evaluates the relationship of plasma levels of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin, measured by radioimmunoassay as the stable metabolites thromboxane B2 (TxB) and prostaglandin 6-K-F1α (PGI) to the incidence of clinical ARDS. Sixty-seven consecutive patients at risk for ARDS were studied prospectively. TxB, PGI, platelet, and leukocyte counts were measured daily for up to 5 days. Of 55 patients without cerebral injury, 25 (45%) developed ARDS, and 30 did not. Of 12 patients with cerebral injury, none developed ARDS. This difference was highly significant (P 60 and decreased with prostaglandin inhibitors. ARDS was significantly associated with TxB >70 pg/ml, PGI below the detectable level of 103 pg/ml, TxBPGI ratio >0.7, and age >60 years. Peak TxB occurred before or simultaneously with onset of ARDS in 68%. Leukocytes were decreased in ARDS (8.6 ± 4 vs 11.1 ± 4.4 × 103/mm3) and platelets were unchanged. ARDS was decreased with steroid therapy. Elevated TxB is related to a high incidence of ARDS. Elevated PGI may protect against ARDS. Cerebral injury patients in this study were resistant to ARDS in spite of increased TxB.
Children's retention of a single item as a function of acoustic similarity to interfering items

Two experiments tested predictions derived from Wickelgren's associative theory of short-term retention ( Psychological Review , 1969, 76 , 1–15). Children recalled single phonemic CVC syllables which were presented in lists of other CVC items with either initial (CV) or final (VC) phonemic constancy. The single recall item was either similar to (i.e., shared the phonemic constancy) or dissimilar to the list items. In Experiment I, recall did not vary with acoustic similarity, nor did it vary as expected with the locus of the phonemic similarity. In Experiment II, sources of interference were identified which differentially affected the recall of similar and dissimilar items. The absence of a similarity effect was related to these sources of interference. The results of Experiment II were discussed in terms of a multiple-associative theory of retention.
The Metamemory Approach to Confidence: A Test Using Semantic Memory.

The metamemory approach to memory confidence was extended and elaborated to deal with semantic memory tasks. The metamemory approach assumes that memory confidence is based on the products and processes of a completed memory task, as well as metamemory beliefs that individuals have about how their memory products and processes relate to memory accuracy. In two experiments participants were asked deceptive and nondeceptive questions involving geographical information. In both experiments, as predicted by the metamemory approach to memory confidence, there was a positive confidence/accuracy relationship for nondeceptive items and a negative relationship for deceptive items. Experiment 2 used items that constrained the memory strategies (e.g., hierarchical reasoning about spatial location) used by the participants. The results supported the hypothesis that the participants were aware of the levels of memory accuracy associated with the different strategies and used that information to generate their memory confidence judgments.
Level of fellowship training increases adenoma detection rates.

Background & Aims The adenoma detection rate (ADR) is critical to the success of colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening. The effects of involving gastroenterology fellows in screening colonoscopies are uncertain. We assessed the effects of gastroenterology fellow participation on ADR and whether outcomes vary with year of fellowship training. Methods We performed a retrospective review of all average-risk screening colonoscopies performed from April 2005–April 2007 at the University of Colorado Hospital. A gastroenterology attending physician alone performed 2895 colonoscopies; 699 were performed by a gastroenterology fellow supervised by an attending physician. Statistical analyses of polyp, adenoma, and advanced adenoma (or cancer) detection were performed by using logistic regression. Results The ADR was significantly higher (odds ratio [OR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–1.59) among colonoscopies that included a gastroenterology fellow compared with those performed by only a gastroenterology attending physician. Similarly, the polyp detection rate was higher (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.08–1.52) among colonoscopies involving a gastroenterology fellow. There was no difference in the detection of advanced adenomas or cancers (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.77–1.44) among colonoscopies involving a gastroenterology fellow. The ADR differed greatly by year of training. Compared with colonoscopies performed by an attending gastroenterologist alone, the ADR increased with each year of training: OR, 0.89 (95% CI, 0.66–1.22) for first-year fellows; OR, 1.31 (95% CI, 0.89–1.93) for second-year fellows; and OR, 1.70 (95% CI, 1.33–2.17) for third-year fellows. Conclusions Involvement of fellows in screening colonoscopies increases the ADR, primarily because of the increased ADR in procedures involving third-year gastroenterology fellows.
Phosphorus deprotonation by a non-nucleophilic base is critical for the synthesis of nucleoside α-P-boranodiphosphates via a phosphoramidite approach

Abstract Here we report the synthesis of nucleoside α- P -boranodiphosphate analogs via our improved phosphoramidite approach, where the addition of a non-nucleophilic base, TEA, to deprotonate phosphorus is considered to be critical to improve final product yields. Protonation on trivalent phosphorus might not only have blocked Lewis acid borane modification, but also have promoted byproduct formation through a trans-nucleophile process. Here, based on 31 P NMR data, mechanisms are proposed for P(V) P(III) bond cleavage via phosphorus protonation-promoted nucleophile-exchange, and TEA deprotonation of phosphorus in promoting product formation in anhydrous synthetic reaction mixtures.
Comparison of vanishing bearings, orientation directions and ringing recoveries of spring migrant White-throated Sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis)

This paper compares the vanishing bearings of White-throated Sparrows released from orientation cages and tracked visually, with the preferred orientation directions indicated by hopping in the cage immediately prior to release. These directions where then compared with the directions of recoveries of birds ringed during migration. The vanishing bearings were well-oriented and northward (6°). The orientation directions of the same birds in the cages were variable with a mean toward northwest (334°). Although on average the vanishing bearings differed from the direction indicated in the cage by only 29°, there was rarely close correspondence between them. Spring ringing recoveries were tightly clumped around a mean of 45°, and their distribution differed from that of both the vanishing bearings and cage orientation directions. These results provide little support for the assumption that what we observe in an orientation cage precisely reflects what a bird would do if actually migrating.
From bonds to bands and molecules to solids

Article de synthese montrant les similarites entre la structure electronique des molecules et des solides et suggerant le developpement d'idees destinees a l'etude des molecules, pour l'etude de l'etat solide
Dopant-carrier magnetic exchange coupling in colloidal inverted core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals.

Dopant−carrier magnetic exchange interactions in semiconductor nanostructures give rise to unusually large Zeeman splittings of the semiconductor band levels, raising possibilities for spin-based electronics or photonics applications. Here we evaluate the recently highlighted possibility of confinement-induced kinetic s−d exchange coupling in doped ZnSe/CdSe inverted core/shell nanocrystals. Magneto-optical studies of a broad series of Co2+- and Mn2+-doped core, inverted core/shell, and isocrystalline core/shell nanocrystals reveal that the dominant spectroscopic effects caused by CdSe shell growth around doped ZnSe core nanocrystals arise from hole spatial relaxation, being essentially independent of the electron−dopant interaction or the heterointerface itself. The general criteria for observation of kinetic s−d exchange coupling in doped nanocrystals are discussed in light of these results.
Exploring frequency modulation features and resolution in the modulation spectrum

Modulation frequency features have shown promise in representing distinguishing characteristics of audio signals. The modulation spectrum, which is described as an acoustic frequency versus modulation frequency representation of a signal, was developed to further explore this type of signal analysis and filtering. Previous research employing the modulation spectrum has focused on its representation of amplitude modulation (AM) characteristics in a signal, but little focus has been placed on the observance of frequency modulation (FM) structure in the modulation spectrum. We explore parameters that affect the resolution of the modulation spectrum and, thus, describe how both AM and FM spectral features may be observed. We also suggest why such modulation spectral features from the modulation spectrum may be useful for audio data mining tasks. We hope this emphasis on resolution and representation of simple AM/FM spectral features may lead to deeper intuition about this modulation spectrum and wider application.
THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY AT THE TURN OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: THE EMERGENCE OF HIERARCHIES

We use a simplified version of Garicano and Rossi-Hansberg (2005) to understand the impact of improvements in communications technology at the turn of the twentieth century on wages and organization. Improvements in communication technology allow individuals of different skills to abandon self-employment and form teams with each other. In particular, they allow high-skill agents to leverage their knowledge by specializing in the hardest tasks and hiring lowskill agents to do the routine tasks. Organization then exploits the complementarities between individual skills, which in turn affects the distribution of earnings. (JEL: D2, J3, L2, N3)
Cortical Thinning of the Attention and Executive Function Networks in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with structural alterations in brain networks influencing cognitive and motor behaviors. Volumetric studies in children identify abnormalities in cortical, striatal, callosal, and cerebellar regions. In a prior volumetric study, we found that ADHD adults had significantly smaller overall cortical gray matter, prefrontal, and anterior cingulate volumes than matched controls. Thickness and surface area are additional indicators of integrity of cytoarchitecture in the cortex. To expand upon our earlier results and further refine the regions of structural abnormality, we carried out a structural magnetic resonance imaging study of cortical thickness in the same sample of adults with ADHD (n = 24) and controls (n = 18), hypothesizing that the cortical networks underlying attention and executive function (EF) would be most affected. Compared with healthy adults, adults with ADHD showed selective thinning of cerebral cortex in the networks that subserve attention and EF. In the present study, we found significant cortical thinning in ADHD in a distinct cortical network supporting attention especially in the right hemisphere involving the inferior parietal lobule, the dorsolateral prefrontal, and the anterior cingulate cortices. This is the first documentation that ADHD in adults is associated with thinner cortex in the cortical networks that modulate attention and EF.
Virtual Reality In Education: Promise And Reality

Many of the early investigators of Virtual Reality (VR) applications were enthusiastic in their belief that VR had extraordinary potential for use in education at all levels. In the nine years or so that VR has been a recognized technology, however, few educational applications have been developed and even fewer studies demonstrating VR's efficacy in education have been published. Yet many still have a "gut" feeling that students can be profoundly affected by VR experiences. This panel brings together individuals with differing viewpoints: on the one hand is a visionary and researcher who believes in VR's potential in education and on the other hand is a "founding father" who is skeptical about VR's ability to make meaningful contributions in educational settings.
Early-life exposure to combustion-derived particulate matter causes pulmonary immunosuppression

Elevated levels of combustion-derived particulate matter (CDPM) are a risk factor for the development of lung diseases such as asthma. Studies have shown that CDPM exacerbates asthma, inducing acute lung dysfunction and inflammation; however, the impact of CDPM exposure on early immunological responses to allergens remains unclear. To determine the effects of early-life CDPM exposure on allergic asthma development in infants, we exposed infant mice to CDPM and then induced a mouse model of asthma using house dust mite (HDM) allergen. Mice exposed to CDPM+HDM failed to develop a typical asthma phenotype including airway hyper-responsiveness, T-helper type 2 (Th2) inflammation, Muc5ac expression, eosinophilia, and HDM-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) compared with HDM-exposed mice. Although HDM-specific IgE was attenuated, total IgE was twofold higher in CDPM+HDM mice compared with HDM mice. We further demonstrate that CDPM exposure during early life induced an immunosuppressive environment in the lung, concurrent with increases in tolerogenic dendritic cells and regulatory T cells, resulting in the suppression of Th2 responses. Despite having early immunosuppression, these mice develop severe allergic inflammation when challenged with allergen as adults. These findings demonstrate a mechanism whereby CDPM exposure modulates adaptive immunity, inducing specific antigen tolerance while amplifying total IgE, and leading to a predisposition to develop asthma upon rechallenge later in life.
Emerging issues for education in E-discovery for electronic health records

In order to provide a foundation for education on e-discovery and security in Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems, this paper identifies emerging issues in the area. Based on a detailed literature review it details key categories: Development in EHR, E-discovery policy and strategy, and Security and privacy in EHR and also discusses e-discovery issues in cloud computing and big data contexts. This may help to create a framework for potential short course-design on e-discovery and security in the healthcare domain.
Analysis of Longitudinal Phase Differences in Vocal-Fold Vibration Using Synchronous High-Speed Videoendoscopy and Electroglottography

Summary Objective This investigation used synchronous high-speed videoendoscopy and electroglottography (EGG) to systematically study contact and separation behavior along the length of the vocal folds. Design Repeated measures. Methods Facilitated by EGG and digital kymograms derived at 20%, 35%, 50%, 65%, and 80% of the posteroanterior length of the vocal folds, the pattern of vocal-fold contact and separation was determined for seven female and seven male vocally healthy subjects while producing “breathy,” “comfortable,” and “pressed” phonations. Results The female subjects consistently used an anterior-to-posterior contact pattern and posterior-to-anterior separation pattern when producing a breathy or comfortable voice, with several using a simultaneous pattern of contact and/or separation for pressed phonation. The male subjects showed more variable “zipperlike” separation patterns, but consistently used a simultaneous contact pattern for pressed voice that was also commonly used when producing comfortable phonation. Conclusions Findings indicate longitudinal phase differences in vocal-fold vibration are both common and expected in vocally healthy speakers. The implications for vocal assessment, as well as for the use and interpretation of the EGG signal, are discussed.
Ultrasensitive Mass Sensor Based on Lateral Extensional Mode (LEM) Piezoelectric Resonator

This paper introduces a new resonant mass sensor that is based on a lateral extensional mode (LEM) piezoelectric resonator, and has a minimum detectable mass (MDM) of 10-15g in air at room temperature. The resonator with size of about 200×50×1 μm3has a quality factor (Q) of > 1,400 at 60MHz, and as small as 0.1ppm shift of its resonant frequency can be detected. The 0.1ppm detection capability corresponds to a mass uncertainty of only about 4.6fg. We have experimentally demonstrated a minimum detectable frequency shift of about ~ 1.6ppm due to an absorption of isopropanol vapor (73 fg) on the sidewalls of the parylene-coated LEM piezoelectric resonator.
Detection of non-Gaussian signals: a paradigm for modern statistical signal processing

Non-Gaussian signals arise in a wide variety of applications, including sonar, digital communications, seismology, and radio astronomy. In this tutorial overview, a hierarchical approach to signal modeling and detector design for non-Gaussian signals is described. In addition to being of interest in applications, this problem serves as a paradigm within which most of the areas of active research in statistical signal processing arise. In particular, the methodologies of nonlinear signal processing, higher order statistical analysis, signal representations, and learning algorithms, all can be juxtaposed quite naturally in this framework. >
Cross-strip anodes for high-rate single-photon imaging

Novel microchannel plate (MCP) imaging detectors using cross strip (XS) anodes have been developed recently and demonstrated to be capable of position resolution better than ten microns, nanosecond timing accuracy, and event rates of greater than 3 × 105 counts per second. These detectors use charge division and centroiding of MCP charge signals directed onto two orthogonal layers of sensing anode strips to encode event position, event time, and signal amplitude. In this paper, we describe measurements designed to understand the maximum possible event rates that such detectors are capable of handling. For these measurements, the signals from each strip (32 on each axis for the anode discussed here) are sent to a preamplifier ASIC that outputs shaped unipolar pulses with 40 ns rise time and 200 ns fall time, which are then digitized at 62.5 mega-samples per second and written to disk. Offline analysis is performed on long data records (up to 25 milliseconds) containing many individual events at event rates up to 108 counts per second with different spatial distributions over the detector area. We present analysis algorithms and results on our measured ability to resolve events spatially and temporally as the event rate is increased. We also briefly discuss future plans to develop compact, fieldable systems based on this XS anode technology for a variety of applications, from astronomy to remote sensing.
Silicon micromachined EBG resonator and two-pole filter with improved performance characteristics

A novel micromachined resonator at 45 GHz based on a defect in a periodic electromagnetic bandgap structure (EBG) and a two-pole Tchebyshev filter with 1.4% 0.15 dB equiripple bandwidth and 2.3 dB loss employing this resonator are presented in this letter. The periodic bandgap structure is realized on a 400 /spl mu/m thick high-resistivity silicon wafer using deep reactive ion etching techniques. The resonator and filter can be accessed via coplanar waveguide feeds.
Efficient Server Provisioning with Control for End-to-End Response Time Guarantee on Multitier Clusters

Dynamic virtual server provisioning is critical to quality-of-service assurance for multitier Internet applications. In this paper, we address three important challenging problems. First, we propose an efficient server provisioning approach on multitier clusters based on an end-to-end resource allocation optimization model. It is to minimize the number of virtual servers allocated to the system while the average end-to-end response time guarantee is satisfied. Second, we design a model-independent fuzzy controller for bounding an important performance metric, the 90th-percentile response time of requests flowing through the multitier architecture. Third, to compensate for the latency due to the dynamic addition of virtual servers, we design a self-tuning component that adaptively adjusts the output scaling factor of the fuzzy controller according to the transient behavior of the end-to-end response time. Extensive simulation results, using two representative customer behavior models in a typical three-tier web cluster, demonstrate that the provisioning approach is able to significantly reduce the number of virtual servers allocated for the performance guarantee compared to an existing representative approach. The approach integrated with the model-independent self-tuning fuzzy controller can efficiently assure the average and the 90th-percentile end-to-end response time guarantees on multitier clusters.
DELAY MODEL FOR RIGHT-TURN LANES AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS WITH UNIFORM ARRIVALS AND RIGHT TURNS ON RED

A framework for the future incorporation of proper right-turn-on-red (RTOR) delay estimation procedures into the Highway Capacity Manual signalized intersection chapters is provided. Models of uniform delay that are based on queuing theory and that incorporate RTORs are developed. Queuing accumulation polygons (QAPs) were used to analyze the effects of RTOR operations. A classification system for placement of any signal phasing scheme into one of four classes based on a sequence of three red regimes and one green regime is showcased. The three red regimes are characterized by the traffic stream that is given priority over the RTOR traffic during the red regime. One red regime gives priority to the intersecting and conflicting traffic. The second red regime gives priority to the intersecting but nonconflicting traffic. The third red regime prioritizes the opposing and conflicting traffic. It is further demonstrated that the four classes of signal phasing schemes result in one of two general QAP patterns. T...
Optimal design of synthesis filters in multidimensional perfect reconstruction FIR filter banks using Grobner bases

For a given low-pass analysis filter in an n-dimensional (n-D) perfect reconstruction (PR) FIR filter bank, there exists certain degree of freedom in designing a synthesis filter to make the overall filter bank have PR property, and Quillen-Suslin Theorem can be used to precisely determine the degree of freedom. Designing a PR synthesis filter with optimal frequency response amounts to minimizing the deviation between the frequency responses of the synthesis filter and an ideal filter under the PR constraint. In this paper, a method based on Grobner bases computation is developed for optimally designing critically sampled n-D PR FIR filter banks when one analysis filter is known. This design method can be easily combined with various existing design methods including minimax optimization and weighted least squares optimization, and can incorporate additional design goals including linear phase and bandpass characteristic.
LVMSR-an efficient algorithm to multicast layered video

Layered video is a video compression technique to encode video data in multiple layers. It typically consists of a base layer and additional layers that provide enhanced video quality. The multicasting operation of a layered video may need to satisfy: (i) bounded end-to-end delay from a source to each receiver, (ii) minimum total cost, and (iii) minimum delay jitter between the various video streams received by the receivers. Because different nodes may request different video quality and because of limited bandwidth on the network's links, different layers of video data may reach their destinations over different distribution trees, and not all receivers may receive all of their requested layers. The problem of computing such data distribution paths is NP-complete, which means that no optimal solution method is available. This paper presents a new heuristic algorithm called LVMSR. With O(Rn/sup 2/) time complexity and O(R/sup 2/) message complexity, where n is the number of nodes in the network and R is the receiver group size. Our simulation results show that the multicast data paths computed by our algorithm can always satisfy the delay constraint with reasonably small total cost.
Towards on-line fingertip bio-impedance identification for enhancement of electro-tactile rendering

Research in rehabilitation engineering shows that electrodes can produce tactile sensations with appropriate electrical signals tailored to stimulate the multiple tactile receptors located under the fingertip skin. However, electrical stimulation that is suitable in terms of current or voltage level for tactile sensations experienced from an individual cannot be guaranteed for every user; the dynamic range is largely dependent on the user. An identification method is then necessary for characterizing the parameters of the skin-electrode interface circuit model as to improve rendering consistency and comfort for every user regardless of skin condition. In this paper, we focus on developing a custom-built electro-tactile display terminal for data collection and an identification method to determine the individual bio-impedance parameters based on the well-known skin-electrode interface circuit model: the Cole-Cole circuit model. The goal of this work is to develop an online identification and stimulation current control approach for enhancement of electro-tactile-based rendering in applications such as rehabilitation, sensory substitution, telepresence, etc.