cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enabling Efficient SIMD Acceleration for Virtual Radio Access Network

Nowadays, the Radio Access Network (RAN) is resorting to Function Virtualization (NFV) paradigm to enhance its architectural viability. However, our characterization of virtual RAN (vRAN) on modern processors depicts a frustrating picture of Single-Instruction Multi-Data (SIMD) acceleration. The data arrangement processes in vRAN software pipeline do not align data for efficient SIMD processing across the pipeline. Specifically, existing data arrangement processes cannot fully utilize the ALU ports in modern processors, which leads to high backend bound and fails to saturate the memory bandwidth between registers and L1 cache. To overcome the overburden, we thoroughly examine the state-of-the-art CPU architecture and find there are idle ports which could be utilized by the process. Motivated by this observation, we propose ”Arithmetic Ports Consciousness Mechanism” (APCM) utilizing these idle ports to eliminate the backend bound and saturate the memory bandwidth. The APCM decreases the data arrangement’s backend bound from 45 to 3 and promotes its memory bandwidth utilization by 4X-16X. The CPU time of the data arrangement process can be reduced by 67 - 92 and the overall latency of the vRAN packet transmission is decreased by 12 - 20.
Resilience, the spirit of the year 2020

2020, a year dominated by the COVID-19 pandemic and deepened racial inequality is finally in our rear-view mirror. As we are looking to 2021 for a fresh start, it is important to reflect on our pas...
Gastroscopic Removal of a Phytobezoar

In a patient with a previous partial gastric resection, a phytobezoar was the cause of gastric obstructive symptoms. Upper gastrointestinal X-ray studies failed to show the bezoar. Gastroscopy revealed a bezoar attached to the wall of the gastric pouch. Complete removal was accomplished by tearing the bezoar apart with gastroscopic biopsy forceps. This case is reported because of the unusual attachment of the bezoar to the gastric mucosa but also because of the indispensable part that gastroscopy played in the diagnosis and removal of the bezoar.
Wave Action and Bottom Movements in Fine Sediments

Mudbanks have been observed to have an extraordinary calming effect on the sea surface. In certain cases this effect is due primarily to the transfer of energy through the sea/mud interface and its frictional dissipation within the bottom sediments. This paper describes an experiment that measured wave characteristics and the resulting sea floor oscillations in an area where the bottom is composed of fine-grained sediments. The energy lost by the waves at the position of the experimental setup is calculated and compared with a direct measurement of the net energy lost by the waves in going from the point of the experiment to a station 3.35 km inshore. Results show that bottom motions in the range of wave-induced bottom pressures from near zero to 2.39 x 10-3 Pascal have the appearance of forced waves on an elastic half space. The apparent effect of internal viscosity is seen in a phase shift between the crest of the pressure wave and the trough of the mud wave. Measurements show this angle to be 22° (ill") for the peak spectral component (T = 7.75 seconds). The energy lost to the bottom by the waves at the field site was found to be at least an order of magnitude greater than that resulting from the processes of percolation or that caused by normal frictional effects. This newly observed mechanism for the dissipation of wave energy is particularly important for waves in intermediate-depth water and could be a prime factor in determining design wave heights in muddy coastal areas.
The impact of anemia on microsurgical breast reconstruction complications and outcomes

Introduction: Appropriate and adequate blood flow and oxygen delivery to a free flap is paramount to viability and success. We present a comprehensive examination of perioperative anemia, determining its prevalence and effect on complications and outcomes in autologous breast reconstruction. Methods: We analyzed all autologous free flap breast reconstruction at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania from 2005 to 2011 with regards to anemia (hemoglobin (Hgb) 12 g dL−1 at preoperative and postoperative timepoints. Complications were analyzed relative to HgB levels and the incidence of anemia. Subgroups were analyzed based on worsening degrees of anemia. Results: Overall, 839 patients were included in the analysis with an 18.3% incidence of preoperative anemia. No significant differences were noted in outcomes of these patients relative to their anemic state, although a higher percent did receive a blood transfusion (18% of anemic patients vs. 6% of nonanemic patients, P < 0.0001). There was a significant incidence of postoperative anemia (93.4%). A subgroup analysis demonstrated that worsening postoperative anemia was significantly related to preoperative HgB (P < 0.0001), bilateral cases (P < 0.0001), immediate reconstructions (P < 0.0001), increased estimated blood loss (P = 0.0001), and higher rates of intraoperative fluid administration (P = 0.025). A higher incidence of medical complications was observed in cohorts with HgB < 10 (P = 0.018). Conclusions: Anemia affects a significant portion of breast reconstruction patients. While preoperative anemia is not associated with increased risk of flap related complications, postoperative anemia may be associated with an increased risk of medical complications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 34:261–270, 2014.
Determinants of differential doxorubicin sensitivity between SCLC and NSCLC

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 1256 Doxorubicin (DOX) transport activity of RLIP76 in NSCLC is approximately twice that in SCLC. Since PKCα mediated phosphorylation of RLIP76 causes a doubling of specific activity of RLIP76, and NSCLC cells are known to have greater PKCα activity, we examined the contribution of PKC-mediated phosphorylation of RLIP76 towards intrinsic DOX-resistance in human NSCLC. Expression of a deletion mutant RLIP76delPKCα-sites, with PKC phosphorylation sites deleted, followed by depletion of the wild-type RLIP76 using an siRNA targeted at one of the deleted regions resulted in generation of cells which expressed only mutant protein, which could not be phosphorylated by PKCα. The DOX-transport activity of purified mutant RLIP76 was similar in both SCLC and NSCLC, similar to RLIP76 from wild-type SCLC, and significantly lower than for RLIP76 from wild-type NSCLC. After siRNA-mediated depletion of PKCα, DOX-transport activity of purified RLIP76 was indistinguishable between SCLC and NSCLC. Depletion of PKCα inhibited growth of NSCLC more than SCLC cells (70 + 3% vs. 43 + 5%, respectively). PKCα-depletion lowered the IC50 of NSCLC cell lines to the same level found in SCLC. Though RLIP76-/- MEFs were significantly more sensitive to DOX as compared with RLIP76+/+ MEFs (IC50 25 nM vs. 125 nM, respectively), PKCα-depletion did not affect DOX-cytotoxicity towards RLIP76-/- MEFs, whereas RLIP76 +/+ MEFs were sensitized (2.2 fold). These results demonstrate that RLIP76 is a primary determinant of DOX-resistance, and that PKCα-mediated accumulation defect and DOX-resistance in NSCLC is primarily due to differential phosphorylation of RLIP76 (Supported by USPHS grants CA 77495 and 104661).
Impact of meridional winds on equatorial spread F: Revisited

[1] The impact of meridional winds on the onset and evolution of equatorial spread F (ESF) is studied using the NRL ionosphere model SAMI3/ESF. The prevailing belief is that meridional winds have a stabilizing effect on the onset of ESF. In this letter, it is shown that this is not necessarily the case and that meridional winds can be destabilizing. We find that a wind profile with a positive gradient as a function of latitude (∂V m ∕ ∂θ ≥ 0) is a stabilizing influence on the generalized Rayleigh-Taylor instability; a wind profile with a negative gradient (∂V m ∕ ∂θ < 0) is a destabilizing influence. Here, a northward wind is positive, and θ increases in the northward direction. It is suggested that meridional wind profiles may account for, in part, the longitudinal and day-to-day variability of ESF.
Dorsal compressive atlantoaxial bands and the craniocervical junction syndrome: association with clinical signs and syringomyelia in mature cavalier King Charles spaniels.

Background Dorsal compressive lesions at the atlantoaxial junction (ie, AA bands) occur in dogs with Chiari-like malformations (CMs), but their clinical relevance is unclear. Objective Investigate the influence of AA bands on clinical status and syringomyelia (SM) in mature cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS). Animals Thirty-six CKCS, 5–12 years of age, including 20 dogs with neuropathic pain. Methods Dogs were examined and assigned a neurologic grade. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the craniocervical junction was performed with the craniocervical junction extended and flexed (ie, normal standing position). Imaging studies were assessed for the presence of an AA band, CM, SM or some combination of these findings. Band and SM severity were quantified using an objective compression index and ordinal grading scale, respectively. Results Of 36 CKCS imaged, 34 had CM. Atlantoaxial bands were present in 31 dogs and were more prominent in extended than flexed positions. Syringomyelia was found in 26 dogs, 23 of which also had AA bands. Bands were associated with both the presence (P = .0031) and severity (P = .008) of clinical signs and SM (P = .0147, P = .0311, respectively). Higher compression indices were associated with more severe SM (P = .0137). Conclusions Prevalence of AA bands in older CKCS is high. Positioning of dogs in extension during MRI enhances the sensitivity of the study for detecting this important abnormality. There were significant associations among AA bands, clinical signs, and SM in dogs with CM; additional work is needed to understand whether or not this relationship is causal.
The Impact of an Interdisciplinary Learning Community Course on Pseudoscientific Reasoning in First-Year Science Students.

This case study examined the development and evaluation of an interdisciplinary first-year learning community designed to stimulate scientific reasoning and critical thinking. Designed to serve the needs of scholarship students majoring in mathematics and natural sciences, the six-credit learning community course was writing-intensive and emphasized general scientific reasoning and critical thinking skills. Success of the course was measured using a pre-test/post-test design that assessed students' paranormal beliefs. Outcomes of the study indicated students' paranormal beliefs were significantly lower at the end of the semester than at the beginning, which was used as a surrogate measure of scientific reasoning that was directly relevant to course content. Supplementary analyses demonstrated that their (a) paranormal beliefs were significantly lower than other students and (b) students self-identified the importance of the scientific reasoning skills learned in the course without being prompted on their teacher- course evaluations. The results of this study can inform the design of interdisciplinary, scientific reasoning courses.
Fundus autofluorescence in the diagnosis and monitoring of acute retinal necrosis

Background Acute retinal necrosis (ARN), a vision threatening viral retinitis, is often diagnosed and treated based on clinical findings. These clinical features have been well characterized by various imaging modalities, but not using fundus autofluorescence (FAF), a noninvasive method of evaluating the neurosensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) based on the detection of endogenous fluorophores.
Immunohistochemical localization of the cloned κ1 receptor in the rat CNS and pituitary

Abstract Several lines of evidence have demonstrated the presence of three opioid receptor types in the CNS and periphery. These receptors are referred to as μ, δ and κ, and have been implicated in a wide variety of functions. The present study examines the localization of the κ 1 receptor-like protein using antibodies generated to the C terminal 42 amino acids of the cloned κ 1 receptor, a region of the receptor that has little homology with μ and b receptors. Immunohistochemical studies in Zamboni-fixed rat tissue demonstrate immunoreactive perikarya and/or fibers in such regions as the deep layers of the parietal, temporal and occipital cortex, parasubiculum, central and medial amygdala, bed nucleus stria terminalis, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, endopiriform nucleus, claustrum, hypothalamic nuclei, median eminence, midline thalamic nuclei, zona incerta, central gray, caudal linear and dorsal raphe, substantia nigra, pars reticulata, ventral tegmental area, parabrachial nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, spinal cord and the dorsal root ganglia. Specific κ 1 receptor-like immunohistochemical staining is also observed in the pituitary, where immunoreactive perikarya and fibers are localized in the neural and intermediate lobes. Transfection and preabsorption controls suggest that the antibody is selective for the cloned κ 1 receptor, and does not recognize μ or δ. This immunohistochemical localization corresponds well to previously described κ 1 receptor mRNA and binding distributions and provides new insights into the cellular localization and pre- and postsynaptic organization of the κ 1 receptor-like proteins in the rat brain and pituitary. The functional implications of these results are discussed in light of the role K, receptors play in hormonal regulation, antinociception and reward.
Visualization of convective fluid flow in a porous medium

WHEN a horizontal layer of fluid is heated from below, it may undergo Rayleigh-Benard convection (RBC), leading to the spontaneous appearance of regular patterns of fluid flow1. The shadow-graph technique2, which allows visualization of the convection patterns, has assisted in developing an understanding of RBC. Related to RBC is convection in a fluid permeating a porous medium (called Horton-Rodgers-Lapwood convection or HRLC) when it is heated from below3–7. HRLC is relevant to geothermal applications and to flow in soils. Pattern formation in HRLC is less easily visualized by shadowgraph techniques because of the difficulties of transmitting light through the porous medium. Here we show how these difficulties can be overcome by constructing porous media in which the interfaces between solid and liquid are either parallel or perpendicular to the confining boundaries of the experimental system. Convection in such a medium can be visualized using conventional shadowgraph methods, and we compare the stationary flow patterns observed against measurements of heat transport.
A four-terabit packet switch supporting long round-trip times

This 4-TBPS packet switch uses a combined input- and crosspoint-queued (CICQ) structure with virtual output queuing at the ingress to achieve the scalability of input-buffered switches, the performance of output-buffered switches, and low latency.
Determinations of endogenous immunoreactive luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in human plasma.

A specific and sensitive RIA was developed for measuring immunoreactive LHRH (IR-LHRH) in methanol acid-extracted human plasma. Heparinized blood samples were obtained from normal adult women and men, and the plasma was extracted with methanol, acidified, lyophilized, and stored at –20 C until assayed for LHRH. The lowest detectable levels of IR-LHRH in 1.0-3.5 ml methanol acid-extracted plasma ranged from 0.975-1.95 pg/assay tube, and recovery of synthetic LHRH from plasma averaged 88.6 + 2.4% (SE). Gel chromatographic separation analysis revealed comparable elution peaks for endogenous, tritiated, and synthetic LHRH. The plasma extract was also effective in evoking the release of LH and FSH in vitro using isolated rat hemipituitaries. IR-LHRH levels in human peripheral plasma rose 50-fold within seconds after an iv bolus injection of 100 μg synthetic LHRH with a return to baseline within 60 min. When the pattern of IR-LHRH secretion in peripheral plasma was studied, episodes of IR-LHRH rise were observe...
Transport of carbonate sediment in the western North Atlantic: Evidence from oxygen and carbon isotopes

Abstract In most deep-ocean environments, the carbonate component is usually considered to be of pelagic origin, deposited on the sea bed without extensive transport. Even when evidence exists that carbonate fractions have been transported, the transport is usually viewed as being intrabasinal. Stable isotope analyses ( 18 O and 13 C) of the carbonate contained in the fine fraction ( μ m) of eight cores from the North American continental margin and the west flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) suggest that carbonate sedimentation patterns may be influenced by transport to a greater extent than previously recognized. In Holocene sections of all the cores, the fine-fraction and foraminiferal isotopic signals are comparable. In cores from the flanks of the MAR, the fine-fraction and foraminiferal isotopic signals remain comparable during the entire glacial—interglacial cycle. On the North American margin, however, the pattern is strikingly different. Starting about 10 ka and extending back into glacial times, the fine-fraction isotopic signal in margin cores becomes increasingly depleted, reaching a value of −8‰ (PDB). The foraminiferal signal from these same cores follows the typical glacial—interglacial pattern and gets heavier during glacial time. The Holocene correspondence of foraminiferal and fine-fraction isotope curves throughout the North American Basin suggests that both have the same intrabasinal, pelagic source. However, in late glacial age sediments from the North American margin, the divergence of foraminiferal and fine-fraction isotope signals indicates different sources for each component. Based on the isotopic signals and the timing of changes in the signal, a substantial proportion of the fine-fraction carbonate on the North American margin appears to be derived from diagenetically altered carbonate rock. This fine carbonate sediment probably resulted from physical erosion of carbonate rock by glacial processes and deposition in the North American Basin by the retreating Wisconsin glacier.
Sound Propagation in Chemically Active Media

A fluid containing chemically active ingredients in equilibrium may exhibit unique physical properties: the compressibility may depend on the rate of compression; similarly the specific heat may depend on the rate of temperature change. This rate dependence arises from the finite reaction rate of the chemical components. One phenomenon resulting from this behavior is the anomalous absorption and dispersion of sound. Expressions are given relating the chemical reaction rate, the equilibrium constant, and other chemical parameters, to the acoustical properties of the fluid. As an illustration of these relationships the unusual sound absorption in aqueous MgS${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ solution is discussed. Calculation shows that the partial compressibility associated with the ionization process is of the correct magnitude to explain the observed absorption.
When the prairie varies: the importance of site characteristics for strategising insect conservation

. 1. The bunchgrass prairies of the Palouse region in eastern Washington state and adjacent Idaho have been mostly converted to agriculture in the past century. Prairie habitat currently exists only on small remnants scattered across the landscape. 2. The invertebrate fauna of these habitat remnants is poorly known, both in terms of species diversity and community composition. 3. Baited pitfall traps were used to sample carrion-attracted beetles during June and July of 2003 from high-quality prairie remnants of varying size and soil characteristics. 4. Twenty-three beetle species in five families were found. Species richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity were not significantly correlated with habitat area or perimeter–area ratio. 5. Beetle abundance and community structure were strongly correlated with soil characteristics. Deeper, loessal soils had greater overall beetle abundance than shallower, rocky soils, although some species were more frequently captured in shallower, rocky soil sites. 6. Conservation plans emphasising only remnant size and condition do not sufficiently capture variability in insect communities across Palouse prairie remnants.
Unitary transformation and the dynamics of a three-level atom interacting with two quantized field modes

Starting from a three-level atom coupled to two modes of radiation field, we derive a Raman-coupled Hamiltonian by a unitary transformation, evaluated perturbatively in coupling constants. The Rabi oscillation frequency and the collapse and revival times of the atomic coherence are found to have strikingly different photon-intensity dependence than those found previously.
Provocative testing for coronary arterial spasm: rationale, risk and clinical illustrations.

Abstract Two cases of Prinzmetal's variant angina are presented in which coronary spasm was documented by electrocardiographic evidence obtained in the coronary care unit during provocative testing with ergonovine maleate after the arteriographic demonstration of anatomically normal coronary arteries. The rationale and risks of provocative testing for spasm in patients with chest pain and anatomically normal coronary arteries are reviewed. The advantages of performing provocative testing in the coronary care unit after arteniography rather than in the catheterization laboratory during coronary arteriography are discussed.
A rail system for circular synthetic aperture sonar imaging and acoustic target strength measurements: design/operation/preliminary results.

A 22 m diameter circular rail, outfitted with a mobile sonar tower trolley, was designed, fabricated, instrumented with underwater acoustic transducers, and assembled on a 1.5 m thick sand layer at the bottom of a large freshwater pool to carry out sonar design and target scattering response studies. The mobile sonar tower translates along the rail via a drive motor controlled by customized LabVIEW software. The rail system is modular and assembly consists of separately deploying eight circular arc sections, measuring a nominal center radius of 11 m and 8.64 m arc length each, and having divers connect them together in the underwater environment. The system enables full scale measurements on targets of interest with 0.1° angular resolution over a complete 360° aperture, without disrupting target setup, and affording a level of control over target environment conditions and noise sources unachievable in standard field measurements. In recent use, the mobile cart carrying an instrumented sonar tower was translated along the rail in 720 equal position increments and acoustic backscatter data were acquired at each position. In addition, this system can accommodate both broadband monostatic and bistatic scattering measurements on targets of interest, allowing capture of target signature phenomena under diverse configurations to address current scientific and technical issues encountered in mine countermeasure and unexploded ordnance applications. In the work discussed here, the circular rail apparatus is used for acoustic backscatter testing, but this system also has the capacity to facilitate the acquisition of magnetic and optical sensor data from targets of interest. A brief description of the system design and operation will be presented along with preliminary processed results for data acquired from acoustic measurements conducted at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Panama City Division Test Pond Facility. [Work Supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research and The Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program.]
Plasmid-Mediated Aminoglycoside Phosphotransferase of Broad Substrate Range That Phosphorylates Amikacin

A plasmid-mediated aminoglycoside phosphotransferase that phosphorylates amikacin has been detected in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. This enzyme does not confer detectable amikacin resistance to the strains.
Information congruity in scarcity appeal: A structural equation modeling study of time-limited promotions

Although market scarcity such as time restriction is widely used in retail advertisements, its impact on product message processing and product evaluation is still subject to controversy. In this study, analyses through structural equation modeling indicated that (i) scarcity had no impact on product message processing, (ii) scarcity had a direct impact on product evaluation as a heuristic cue when the value inferred from scarcity was congruous with the worth derived from product message, and (iii) scarcity lost its impact on product evaluation when the value inferred from scarcity was incongruous with the worth derived from product message, and the incongruity prompted scrutiny of product message, resulting in a mediated impact of product message on product evaluation through product message processing. In conclusion, the results supported an information congruity theory of market scarcity.
Effects of maternal exposure to LPS on the inflammatory response in the offspring

Abstract To investigate the effects of maternal infection on the offspring's inflammatory response, pups born to LPS- or saline-treated dams were stimulated with LPS or saline, and the expression of cytokines and chemokines was examined. We found that at P21, pups born to LPS-treated dams exhibited diminished serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and inhibited mRNA levels of cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and chemokines, including MIP-1β, MIP-2, and KC, in the brain, as compared to pups born to saline-treated dams at 2 h following LPS stimulation. Our results suggest that maternal infection suppresses the offspring's inflammatory response to LPS.
Simulations of contact-line motion: Slip and the dynamic contact angle

Molecular-dynamics simulations of two immiscible fluids confined between solid walls and sheared in a Couette geometry were performed as a function of shear rate for a range of wall and fluid properties. Changes with capillary number in the interface shape and dynamic contact angle were consistent with previous analytic results. Computed velocity fields showed that the usual no-slip boundary condition broke down within \ensuremath{\sim}2 atomic spacings from the contact line. The slip appears to be associated with the breakdown of local hydrodynamic theory at atomic scales.
Heliospheric Radio Emissions

A review is given of heliospheric radio emissions. Only radio emissions generated well away from the Sun (beyond a few solar radii) and well away from the magnetized planets are considered. These consist of (1) type III radio bursts, (2) type II radio bursts, and (3) heliospheric 2-3 kHz radio emissions. The physical processes involved in the generation of each of these radio emissions are described with an emphasis on recent developments. A prognosis is given of advances that can be expected from the forthcoming flight of Ulysses over the poles of the Sun and the flights of Voyagers 1 and 2 to the outer limits of the heliosphere.
The Implementation of an Economic Teleradiology Solution and Its Application to Neonatal and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine

The Implementation of an Economic Teleradiology Solution and Its Application to Neonatal and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
Robustness properties for a simple class of rank estimates

Robustness properties of a family of rank estimates to compete with trimmed means and other robust estimates for the one sample location problem are investigated. In particular, the influence curve and breakdown point are developed, as well as their finite sample equivalents, the sensitivity curve and tolerance. The estimates are formulated from a one sample rank test rather than the customary two sample rank test approach. In addition, a functional is implicitly defined for the asymptotic version of the estimate. Computational problems are considered and a simple iterative procedure for finding the estimate is given.
Trust and affect: how do they impact risk information seeking in a health context?

This study examines college students’ intention to seek information about the H1N1 flu vaccine. We specifically focused on the relationship between trust and affect and whether they work together to influence risk information seeking. Results indicated that positive affect moderated the relationship between trust and information seeking, but negative affect did not. While both positive affect and negative affect influenced risk information seeking, when combined with trust, only positive affect remained as a significant predictor. These results suggest that by understanding the role that trust and affect play, medical professionals and disease control agencies can tailor their communication efforts to increase an individual’s intention to seek information about preventive measures. Specifically, maintaining the public’s trust and positive feelings toward these entities is key to successful communication about prevention measures such as vaccination.
Source document position as it affects head position and neck muscle tension

Measurements of head position, mechanical load at C7, and level of muscle EMG activity in the muscles of the neck were compared across six document positions in both a reading task and a typing (word processing) task. Source documents, identified as a primary visual task, were placed in two positions in front of the subject, flat on the table to each side of the keyboard, and on a document stand at each side of the keyboard. Each of the 20 subjects performed both a reading task and a typing task in each of these document positions while measurements were taken. It was found that the greatest variations in head position occurred in head rotation with documents flat on the table. This document position on each side also produced the greatest level of muscle tension in both the neck extensors and, to a lesser degree, the sternocleidomastoid muscles. In addition, greater variability between document position measures was found in the typing condition.
PROSECUTING MILITARY LEADERS FOR WAR CRIMES

: This article argues in favor of holding leaders responsible for international crimes but also worries quite a bit about what would be a fair standard of mens rea for these leaders. Section 1 sets out the key facts of the case and the basis of the International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia Trial Chamber's conviction of General Tihomir Blaskic. Section 2 presents the basis of the ICTY Appeals Court's overruling of the Trial Chamber's decision. Section 3 focuses on the issue of mens rea concerning those who command others to commit such crimes as the taking of hostages and the use of human shields. Section 4 sets out a limited argument in favor of negligence as a type of mens rea in international criminal law. Finally, section 5 discusses the relevance of the idea of the theory of joint criminal liability in such cases.
Selectivity in vitamin B-6 model reactions: Selective α or β deuteration of amino acids under transamination or racemization conditions

Abstract Al(III)-catalyzed reactions of vitamin B-6 (pyridoxal)-amino acid schiff bases have been studied in 2 H 2 O. By using excess of the amino acid and varying conditions, amino acids selectively deuterated in the α-position, the β-position, or in both α- and β-positions are isolated. Reaction conditions are those of model systems in which amino acids are known to be reversibly transaminated and racemized by pyridoxal and Al(III). The racemization reaction leads to α-deuteration of the amino acid while transamination followed by its reverse leads to both α- and β-deuteration. The two reactions are viewed as passing through a common dihydropyridine intermediate. The Al(III) serves as an interesting model for the enzyme in that it not only catalyzes transamination and racemization but also can be made to select which of these reactions predominates. This selective catalysis of these reactions is attributed to strong and different pH dependence of the reactivity of various sites of the dihydropyridine intermediate for vitamin B-6 catalysis when incorporated in an Al(III) complex. The biochemical importance of this selectivity and the practical extension of the method of deuteration to other amino acids is discussed.
Relation of cathartic activity to structural modifications of ricinoleic acid of castor oil

Castor oil and certain of its derivatives were tested in rats to elucidate the specific structural configuration of castor oil responsible for its cathartic action. The results indicate that the hydroxyl function on carbon-12 and the double bond between carbons 9 and 10 of the ricinoleic acid moiety are essential for the cathartic action, as evidenced by the loss of activity upon either masking of the hydroxyl group or hy-drogenation of the double bond. On the other hand, the naturally occurring cis configuration of the double bond is not essential for this action, as evidenced by the retention of the activity upon elaidinization to the trans configuration.
Arachidonic acid evokes inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in astrocytes

Abstract Astrocyte cultures prelabelled with [ 3 pH]inositol were exposed to arachidonic acid (AA) in the presence and absence of various agonists. AA alone evoked a dose-dependent increase in the accumulation of inositol phosphates (IP), an effect not secondary to eicosanoid synthesis and release but which was abolished by EGTA. Separation of the IP revealed that AA stimulated increases in inositol tris-, bis- and monophosphates. IP formation evoked by carbachol or norepinephrine was additive with AA, whereas IP formation by platelet activating factor (PAF) or ATP was non-additive with AA. These results suggest that AA released upon stimulation of astrocytes or other cells in the CNS could initiate and/or amplify intercellular signalling. Arachidonate; Inositol phosphate; Astrocyte; Phospholipase C; Receptor; Cell signaling
SU-D-BRA-03: Simultaneous MV-KV Imaging for Intra-Fractional Motion Management during Volume Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) Delivery on the Varian TrueBeam.

Purpose: To evaluate a MV‐kV intra‐fractional imaging technique for use during volume modulated arc therapy (VMAT) with the Varian TrueBeam. Methods: MV‐kV image pairs were acquired intra‐fractionally during VMAT delivery. kV images (11 fps) were acquired throughout delivery using a standard pre‐programmed imaging template. MV images (9.5 fps) were acquired simultaneously by deploying the EPID and passively collecting the resulting images using Varian proprietary software, iTools Capture. Localization accuracy was evaluated by imaging a Rando phantom implanted with 3 fiducials while moving the couch according to XML‐ programmed trajectories simulating typical prostate and respiratory motion. VMAT delivery was done using a single 360 degree arc in TrueBeam Developer mode. The effect on accuracy of total MU and gantry speed was studied. To improve image quality, MV frame averaging was performed and the MV and kV images were then registered to their corresponding DRRs using in‐house registration software. From these 2D registrations, the 3D position at each MV‐kV acquisition point was determined. Results: Between 130 and 390 MV‐kV pairs were acquired for each delivery. The mean difference between planned couch and measured fiducial 3D positions with prostate motion was less than 0.03 cm in each direction (SD 0.03 cm). Neither gantry speed nor MU significantly impacted accuracy. for respiratory motion, the mean difference between planned and measured position was less than 0.04 cm. Standard deviation averaged 0.06 cm but increased to 0.12 cm with large instantaneous motion and less MV dose per frame. MV frame averaging and inaccuracies in MV image gantry angle determination also affected accuracy, particularly with significant motion. Conclusions: With high quality MV imaging, MV‐kV localization techniques can be highly accurate, even in the presence of significant motion. As clinical MV‐kV methods become available, such techniques can provide an efficient and accurate method for monitoring intra‐fractional motion. This work was partially supported through a research agreement with Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA
Bayesian multiple comparisons of simply ordered means using priors with a point mass

Comparison of k treatment means under the simple-order assumption (@m"[email protected][email protected]"[email protected][email protected][email protected]"k) is considered. Under an order restriction, isotonic estimates and global tests of homogeneity have been known for several decades. Recently, some multiple-comparison techniques have been proposed, but none has become the standard. In this article, we develop multiple-comparison and clustering techniques for simply ordered means using a Bayesian hierarchical model. We parameterize each individual mean in terms of the difference between the preceding mean and itself. Estimates for such difference parameters are obtained using the MCMC method. Pairwise comparisons and determination of the most probable ordered clustering are based on the posterior probabilities of the difference parameters being zero. Numerical examples are given.
Revisiting Resentments: Jean Améry and the Dark Side of Forgiveness and Reconciliation

In 1966, a collection of essays on the conditio inhumana of the surviving victims of the Nazi genocide was published under the title Beyond Guilt and Atonement. 1 The author, Jean Amery, was born i...
A concise and efficient synthesis of flumazenil and its precursor for radiolabeling with fluorine-18

Presently there is a strong interest in developing radioligands for in vivo imaging the GABAA-Bz site with positron emission tomography (PET). Flumazenil (1), a high-affinity GABAA-Bz site inverse agonist, is amenable for 11C and 18F-labeling. The current methods for synthesis of 1 and its precursor for 18F-labeling are not ideal and restrict structure–activity relationship (SAR) development. Herein we present a novel and less troublesome synthesis of 1 and its cognates to aid in the development of improved radioligands for PET imaging of GABAA-Bz site.
Research on the Technology of Intelligent Switch Components Device

Because of many present problems of the intelligent switch in the intelligent substation, it is necessary to study on intelligent switch components device. The hardware platform of the components device was based on high-speed low-voltage differential bus (BLVDS). By improving real-time characteristics, real-time communication was available for the substation process bus. It is also described that the solution to online condition monitoring of the components device. Research on these aspects laid a solid foundation for the intelligent switch components device.
Sensitivity to event timing in regular and irregular sequences: Influences of musical skill

In two experiments, the performance of listeners with different amounts of musical training (high skill, low skill) was examined in a two-alternative forced choice time-detection task involving simple five-cycle acoustic sequences. In each of a series of trials, all listeners determined which of two pattern cycles contained a small time change. Sequence context was also varied (regular vs. irregular timing). In Experiment 1, in which context was manipulated as a between-subjects variable, high-skill listeners performed significantly better than low-skill listeners only with regular patterns. In Experiment 2, in which context was manipulated as a within-subjects variable, the only significant source of variance was pattern context: All listeners were better at detecting time changes in regular than in irregular patterns. The results are considered in light of several hypotheses, including the expectancy/contrast model (Jones & Boltz, 1989).
An Improved Method for Brine Salting Cheese

Abstract Cheese varieties, such as Swiss, which are salted by soaking for a day or more after make in saturated brine, may be salted more simply and conveniently by including brine solution in the plastic bags in which the cheese is normally wrapped for curing. To insure even distribution of the brine, it is necessary to include a porous layer like sheets of sponge, cloth, paper toweling, or similar material. The flavor and eye formation of Swiss cheese salted in this way was not adversely affected but did tend to have softer surfaces with a slightly lighter color than the interior. Yields can be improved because the significant amounts of water lost by osmosis during conventional brining of cheese are avoided. Moisture control can be achieved by varying the ratio of salt to water added to the curing bag. Salts other than sodium chloride, which may improve the flavor or texture of the cheese, can be included in the added brine.
Jet thinning of YBa2Cu3Ox high Tc superconductor and also gold for TEM with a non-acid electrolyte

Abstract Important new uses have been found for the electropolishing solution designated BK-2 which was published previously in Ultramicroscopy 19 (1986) 205–212. This solution allows electropolishing of non-porous YBa 2 Cu 3 O x superconductors. The production of clean, artifact-free specimens should prove valuable for the study of these superconductors. In addition, annealed bulk gold has been jet thinned with this solution without the use of hazardous solutions which contain cyanides.
Cancellation of spin and orbital magnetic moments in δ-Pu: Theory

Abstract Density functional theory (DFT), in conjunction with the fixed-spin-moment (FSM) method, spin–orbit coupling (SO), and orbital polarization (OP), is shown to retain key features of the conventional DFT treatment of δ-Pu while at the same time not producing the substantial net magnetic moments commonly predicted by this theory. It is shown that when a small adjustment of the spin moment (less than 20%) is allowed, a complete spin- and orbital-moment cancellation occurs which results in a zero net magnetic moment in δ-Pu. This minor modification, accomplished by the FSM method, is shown to have a very small effect on the calculated total energy as well as the electron density-of-states (DOS). The photoemission spectra (PES), obtained from the DOS of the present model, compares equal or better to measured spectra, than that of two other recent non-magnetic models for δ-Pu.
New management strategy for fluid resuscitation: quantifying volume in the first 48 hours after burn injury.

This study evaluated a 24-hour resuscitation protocol, established a formula to quantify resuscitation volume for the second 24 hours, described the relationship between the first and second 24 hours, and identified which patients required high volumes. A protocol for patients with burn >15% TBSA was implemented in 2009. Initial fluid was based on the Parkland calculation and adjusted to meet a goal urine output. Protocol compliance was defined as appropriate fluid titration to maintain urine output. Resuscitation ratio in the second 24 hours was tabulated as total fluid /(evaporative loss + maintenance fluid + estimated colloid). Data were collected prospectively from 2009 to 2011. A Wilcoxon rank test compared differences between groups. Regression analyses analyzed volume administered. P 15% TBSA met criteria for inclusion. Mean age, burn size, and resuscitation volumes in the first and second 24 hours (mean + SD) were 47+ 20.7 years, 29.9 + 14.6% TBSA, 7.4 + 3.7 ml/kg/% TBSA, and a ratio of 1.9 times expected volume (SD, 1.3), respectively. Protocol compliance was 34%. Intubation, older age, and increased narcotic administration correlated with higher resuscitation volumes. A higher resuscitation volume in the first 24 hours significantly correlated with a higher resuscitation volume in the second 24 hours (P < .001). In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between fluid administration in the first and second 24 hours of resuscitation; intubation, older age, and narcotics correlate with higher volumes. A formula for observed/expected volumes in the second 24 hours is total fluid/(evaporative loss + maintenance fluid +estimated colloid).
Cucumber Beetle Control Studies in 1937 and 1938

Losses from the feeding of the striped cucumber beetle, Diabrotica vittata (F.), and the cucurbit wilt that such feeding spreads are the limiting factors in profitable production of melons and cucumbers in Indiana. During the past season many growers reported as high as 50 to 75 per cent of their crops destroyed, even with the use of some control measure. In order to offer the growers more satisfactory remedies, studies on the control of the beetle and of wilt have been conducted over a period of years. Results obtained in 1935 have been published and showed that the more promising mixtures were those containing calcium arsenate and various copper oxychlorides. Investigations have been continued, and this article reports results obtained in 1937 and 1938. Climatic conditions in 1936 made plant growth irregular, and tests were dropped early in that season.
Cranial transillumination norms of the premature infant.

Ninety-five infants from 26 to 42 weeks of gestational age were studied with a simple standardized cerebral transillumination technique utilizing a Chun gun fitted with a clear flexible disc to establish normal measurements and to test the hypothesis that transillumination is useful in differentiating “catchup” growth from hydrocephalus. One group of infants were measured at birth; the other group were infants grown to similar gestational age and serially measured. Data from these groups were found to be similar. Transillumination was not found to be a useful technique for separating “catch-up” growth infants from the normal population, but was found to be potentially useful in separating the normal and “catch-up” population from children with hydrocephalus or serious anatomic abnormalities of the central nervous system.
Mycobacteria Other Than Mycobacterium Tuberculosis are Not Present by PCR in Erythema Induratum/Nodular Vasculitis

Erythema induratum/nodular vasculitis is characterized by recurrent crops of tender edematous nodules on the lower legs. lobular panniculitis with granulomatous inflammation, vasculitis, focal necrosis and septal fibrosis is present. Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA has been detected in some lesions by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Ten cases of erythema induratum/nodular vasculitis were found. H & E stained slides were reviewed. PCR assays for M tuberculosis and mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT) was carried out. PCR did not reveal mycobacterial DNA, with positive controls indicating the reliability of the assays. Among the MOTT, cutaneous infections are most commonly caused by M. marinum. Subcutaneous tuberculoid granulomas may be seen with M. kansaii, M. marinum, M. scrofulaceum, and M. avium complex. M. gordonae and M. malmoense rarely cause cutaneous infections. M. szulgai, M. simiae, M. gastri and M. asiaticum are probably not cutaneous pathogens. MOTT DNA was not foundÂ in erythema induratum/nodular vasculitis. Erythema induratum/nodular vasculitis has diverse etiologies with varying pathogeneses leading to similar histologic changes. The cases analyzed may have not have had an infectious etiology. However, in erythema induratum/nodular vasculitis, performance ofÂ PCR for MOTT as well as Mycobacteria tuberculosis complex may still be beneficial, particularly in cases from immunocompromised hosts.