cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Impact of Task Change Type and Transparency on Transfer of Learning

This article investigates users' transfer of learning on two e-mail platforms with different transparency levels and task change types. The objective is to provide implication on task design in product upgrading. A mixed design of 4 (types of task change) × 2 (transparency) × 2 blocks (Hotmail and Outlook platform) within-subjects design and 3 levels of expertise between-subjects design, both having repeated measures on type of task change and transparency, was used to evaluate participants' transfer of learning. A main effect of both transparency and task change type is expected. High-transparency tasks are expected to lead to higher performance than low-transparency tasks. Commission task changes are expected to lead to lower performance than other types of task change due to the addition of new task steps. The results showed that commission task changes led to the greatest disturbance on user performance, whereas performance is best during sequence task changes in which participants have a positive tra...
Measuring tobacco withdrawal: A review of self-report questionnaires

Little information exists on the various measures used to assess tobacco withdrawal. This article reviews the literature on the assessment of tobacco withdrawal, specifically comparing three commonly used self-report questionnaires of tobacco withdrawal. Several topics are discussed including (a) the frequency and duration of withdrawal assessment, (b) the determination of reliability and validity of self-report measures, (c) a comparison of the existing self-report instruments in terms of psychometric properties and other criteria, and (d) the physiological and behavioral assessment of tobacco withdrawal. Six recommendations for further research are offered.
Radiogenomic Mapping of Edema/Cellular Invasion MRI-Phenotypes in Glioblastoma Multiforme

Background: Despite recent discoveries of new molecular targets and pathways, the search for an effective therapy for Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) continues. A newly emerged field, radiogenomics, links gene expression profiles with MRI phenotypes. MRI-FLAIR is a noninvasive diagnostic modality and was previously found to correlate with cellular invasion in GBM. Thus, our radiogenomic screen has the potential to reveal novel molecular determinants of invasion. Here, we present the first comprehensive radiogenomic analysis using quantitative MRI volumetrics and large-scale gene- and microRNA expression profiling in GBM. Methods: Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), discovery and validation sets with gene, microRNA, and quantitative MR-imaging data were created. Top concordant genes and microRNAs correlated with high FLAIR volumes from both sets were further characterized by Kaplan Meier survival statistics, microRNA-gene correlation analyses, and GBM molecular subtype-specific distribution. Results: The top upregulated gene in both the discovery (4 fold) and validation (11 fold) sets was PERIOSTIN (POSTN). The top downregulated microRNA in both sets was miR-219, which is predicted to bind to POSTN. Kaplan Meier analysis demonstrated that above median expression of POSTN resulted in significantly decreased survival and shorter time to disease progression (P,0.001). High POSTN and low miR-219 expression were significantly associated with the mesenchymal GBM subtype (P,0.0001). Conclusion: Here, we propose a novel diagnostic method to screen for molecular cancer subtypes and genomic correlates of cellular invasion. Our findings also have potential therapeutic significance since successful molecular inhibition of invasion will improve therapy and patient survival in GBM.
Investigating Young Children's Use of Reading Strategies: A Longitudinal Study.

In this three-year study, the authors examined the reading strategy use of 16 primary-grade students as they read fiction and expository text. The students (9 boys and 7 girls) represented low, average, and above-average readers. Structured interviews and observational data were collected each year as they progressed from first to third grade. Even though students dropped some strategies while beginning to use others, statistical analyses of the interview data revealed few statistical significant differences in the students’ reported strategy use. The data indicated there was alignment between students’ reported and observed strategy use. The analyses of the observational data also revealed the students had high accuracy percentages but low retelling scores.
Resource profiling with multi-disciplined teams

In today's world of fast moving technology, products are required to meet more challenging requirements as customer expectations rise. Diversity of function, greater reliability, ease of use and lower product cost place increased demands on development teams who are working to deliver more products on shorter development cycle times and corresponding lower development expense. The ideal team for rapid product development is drawn from all functional areas and dedicated to the project from conception to volume production. Such a team would have members from Marketing, Service, Manufacturing, Development and Finance who would live and breathe the product to ensure profitability in the market place. Unfortunately, this ideal team is wasteful of resource as not all the team is required 100% of the time throughout the product creation cycle. For efficient use of valuable development skills, it is necessary to manage their deployment across projects. This requires good planning, communications and a flexible approach by the team. This paper examines the challenges of resource balancing for multi-disciplined teams to increase efficiency in the use of development skills. (3 pages)
Real-time PyMOL visualization for Rosetta and PyRosetta.

Computational structure prediction and design of proteins and protein-protein complexes have long been inaccessible to those not directly involved in the field. A key missing component has been the ability to visualize the progress of calculations to better understand them. Rosetta is one simulation suite that would benefit from a robust real-time visualization solution. Several tools exist for the sole purpose of visualizing biomolecules; one of the most popular tools, PyMOL (Schrodinger), is a powerful, highly extensible, user friendly, and attractive package. Integrating Rosetta and PyMOL directly has many technical and logistical obstacles inhibiting usage. To circumvent these issues, we developed a novel solution based on transmitting biomolecular structure and energy information via UDP sockets. Rosetta and PyMOL run as separate processes, thereby avoiding many technical obstacles while visualizing information on-demand in real-time. When Rosetta detects changes in the structure of a protein, new coordinates are sent over a UDP network socket to a PyMOL instance running a UDP socket listener. PyMOL then interprets and displays the molecule. This implementation also allows remote execution of Rosetta. When combined with PyRosetta, this visualization solution provides an interactive environment for protein structure prediction and design.
Effect of pharmacogenetics on medicine.

Pharmacogenetics is moving rapidly to assemble a large set of polymorphisms that define the influence of genetic diversity on human drug response. Scientific and technological advances of the last 10 years have led to new approaches to the discovery of genetic drug susceptibility loci, the development of high-tech analytical strategies for drug susceptibility profiling, and a flood of new gene discoveries in the area of receptors and receptor polymorphisms. Extension and refinement of our knowledge of human genetic diversity is essential to the use of drugs in more of an individualized manner and to the discovery of better therapies, but knowledge of the functional consequences of this diversity, the next great challenge in pharmacogenetics, provides the best chance to profit from this diversity.
Microglia and reactive "M" cells of degenerating central nervous system: does similar morphology and function imply a common origin?

Electron microscopy of subependymal cells and microglia in rat neonatal spinal cord reveals the latter to be a distinctive group of non-neuronal elements characterized by pronounced heterochromatin nuclei, many free ribosomes and rosettes, hour-glass shaped mitochondria, a moderately dense, granular cytoplasmic matrix, lipid vacuoles and a wide variety of lysosomes. Some examples are elongated and ameboid in appearance or may contain phagocytic vacuoles. Transitional forms between subependymal cells, or any other nonneuronal forms, and microglia were not observed. Ultrastructural features displayed by microglia are also strikingly characteristic of the “M” cells (Matthews and Kruger, 1973a, b) encountered in zones of thalamic degeneration two to three weeks following cortical ablation of adult rabbits. During the first and second postoperative weeks, “M” cells closely resemble the agranular leukocytes accumulating in the perivascular space of vessels coursing within the zones of degeneration. This fact, together with documentation of penetration of the vascular external lamina by elements of similar morphology, indicates a mesodermal origin for some “M” cells.
Children's Ability to Write Stories as a Function of Variation in Task, Age, and Developmental Level

In this study of children's ability to write stories, written compositions were classified by means of a system consisting of the following categories: story, primitive story, action sequence, desc...
Postprandial redistribution of regional blood flow at rest and during exercise in conscious dogs with experimental heart failure.

Abstract The effects of eating and of exercise on regional hemodynamics were studied in conscious dogs with chronic right heart failure induced by tricuspid avulsion and progressive pulmonary constriction. Eating a meal induced transient increases in heart rate, arterial pressure and resistance levels in the mesenteric, renal and iliac beds. This response was followed by a prolonged period of increased mesenteric blood flow (+10 percent) and decreased mesenteric vascular resistance (−44 percent), at a time when heart rate and arterial pressure had returned to control levels. Postprandial mesenteric vasodilation was associated with a reduction in iliac blood flow (−20 percent) and an increase in iliac resistance ( + 19 percent) but with little change in renal blood flow and resistance. Strenuous exercise during the period of postprandial mesenteric vasodilation resulted in a 53 percent fall in mesenteric flow from the preprandial control level and a substantial increase in mesenteric vascular resistance. Thus, in dogs with heart failure the ability of the mesenteric bed to respond postprandially with substantial vasodilation persists. However, when the stress of exercise is superimposed, the mesenteric vasodilation is abolished as blood flow to the gut is drastically reduced.
Corporate control and management compensation: Evidence on the agency problem

This paper finds a relationship between management compensation and corporate control consistent with the hypothesis that in closely held companies major shareholders engage in monitoring activities that reduce the residual loss portion of agency costs. This result is incosistent with Fama's (1980) suggestion that the wage determination process in managerial labor markets may resolve the agency problem.
Effect of pH on Stability of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

SummaryThe activity of VSV suspensions was found unchanged between pH 4 and pH 9 after 24 hours at about 0°C. Increase in pH concentration beyond pH 7 brought about a progressive inactivation of the virus. After 5 days 90% inactivation had taken place at pH 6.
Comparison of the Modified Stamm, Iron, and lodometric Peroxide Determinations on Milk Fat

Abstract Correction factors for the iron and modified Stamm methods of determining peroxides were obtained with lauroyl peroxide. Milk fat samples, having peroxide values ranging from 0.46 to 20.3, were analyzed by the modified Stamm, iron, and iodometric methods, and the results were treated statistically. The correlation of the corrected iron and Stamm values with the iodometric values was greater than 99.9%. The modified Stamm technique is the most sensitive of the three procedures.
Measurement of 60Co-λ ray-induced DNA damage by capillary electrophoresis

Capillary electrophoresis was employed in this study to monitor 60Co-gamma ray-induced damage to a 1 kb DNA ladder which consists of restriction fragments ranging from 75 to 12,000 bp. DNA samples (0.5 mg/ml) were exposed to 0-60 Gy of gamma-radiation in the presence and absence of 110 mumol/l ethidium bromide (EB). The analysis showed peak broadening without significant changes in the size distribution of irradiated fragments. Radiation-induced conformational changes may account for this peak broadening. EB addition caused small increases in the retention times of DNA fragments without affecting the overall DNA damage. This indicates that the presence of intercalated EB during radiation will not stabilize the DNA against 60Co-gamma ray-induced damage.
Magnetic order in two-dimensional arrays of nanometer-sized superparamagnets.

Random two-dimensional island assemblies have three magnetic phases at room temperature as a function of island radius $a$. These magnetic states are a perpendicularly magnetized random antiferromagnet ( $al1.5\mathrm{nm}$), an in-plane superparamagnet ( $1.5lal3\mathrm{nm}$), and an in-plane ferromagnet ( $ag3.0\mathrm{nm}$) in a superferromagnetic regime. Mean-field and Monte Carlo methods are used to examine order-disorder transitions in two dimensions, and to set minimum interisland coupling strengths.
Learning to Write and Writing to Learn Social Work Concepts: Application of Writing across the Curriculum Strategies and Techniques to a Course for Undergraduate Social Work Students.

Although writing is of great importance to effective social work practice, many students entering social work education programs experience serious academic difficulties related to writing effectively and thinking critically. The purpose of this article is to present an introductory social work course that integrates Writing Across the Curriculum pedagogical strategies into the social work curriculum. A brief description of Writing Across the Curriculum is provided, and teaching techniques used in the course, including reading and writing assignments, classroom writing instruction, testing, peer review, writing consultation, and grading rubrics, are described in detail.
Considerations for efficient picture output via lineprinter

Use of the lineprinter is a common technique for providing half-tone graphic output for computer picture processing routines. Here questions relating to this general technique are examined. We investigate the following: the textural aspects of the gray-scale character sets, picture normalization, simplicity of operation, and efficient machine utilization. A program is described for the IBM 360/370 series computers that takes these considerations into account.
EPR studies on two ferredoxin-type iron-sulfur centers in reconstitutively active, inactive, and reactivated soluble succinate dehydrogenases.

Abstract Two distinct iron-sulfur centers, S-1 and S-2 are present in both reconstitutively active and inactive soluble succinate dehydrogenase preparations in approximately equivalent concentrations to that of bound flavin. The midpoint potentials at pH 7.4 of these centers are −5 ± 15 mV and −400 ± 15 mV, respectively. EPR characteristics of Center S-2, observed above 6° K, are not significantly different in the active and inactive dehydrogenases. At lower temperatures, however, major line shape modifications of Center S-2 spectra are observed in the reconstitutively inactive dehydrogenases, but neither in the active dehydrogenase nor in the particulate preparations. This phenomenon may reflect spin-spin interaction between Centers S-1 and S-2. Chemical reactivation of the reconstitutively inactive preparations abolishes this resonance modification and restores the normal line shape. This is a demonstration of another close correlation between a physical property and reconstitutive activity of succinate dehydrogenase.
Analysis of a mechanism suspension to reduce noise from horizontal vibrating screens

A-weighted sound levels around vibrating screens in coal preparation plants often exceed 90 dB. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is developing noise controls to reduce noise generated by horizontal vibrating screens. Horizontal vibrating screen noise is dominated by sound radiated from the screen body. NIOSH researchers analyzed a mechanism suspension system that could reduce screen body-radiated noise. A finite element (FE) model of the entire screen was used to analyze the screen with the added mechanism suspension. The spring rates for the mechanism suspension were tuned to transmit vibration at the mechanism operating speed while attenuating vibration transmitted from the mechanisms to the screen body at frequencies above 100 Hz. The FE results were used to estimate the A-weighted sound power level radiated by the screen sides and feedbox for various mechanism suspension spring rates. The results indicate that a tuned mechanism suspension could reduce the A-weighted sound power level radiated by the screen body due to gear and bearing forces inside the mechanisms by 7 to 18 dB
[2.2.2]propellane rearrangements

Abstract Both [2.2.2]propellane and the Cope rearrangement follow reaction paths that pass through singlet diradicaloid portions of the potential energy surface. Here we report the results of applying a variety of methods — CASSCF, PUHF, MUMP2, DFT, UDFT, and CI — that have been suggested as methods for obtaining reliable potential energy surfaces for diradicals. All calculations were done with the same 6-31G * basis to facilitate comparison. The results confirm that [2.2.2]propellane exists and has a substantial barrier to opening to the bicyclic diyl or to dimethylenecyclohexane. The open D 3h diyl form is lower in energy than propellane, yet occupies only a shallow well, if it exists at all, before opening to the much more stable dimethylenecyclohexane. CASSCF and a judicious use of DFT give similar results. For the Cope problem, by contrast, the DFT results seem more reliable than the CASSCF results.
The Weakness of Tight Ties: Why Scientists Almost Destroyed the Coachella Valley Multispecies Habitat Conservation Plan in Order to Save it

Two groups of biologists were responsible for an unprecedented delay in completing a endangered species habitat conservation plan in the Coachella Valley of southern California. While antagonism grew as each group relentlessly promoted their perspective on whether to add a few areas to the habitat preserve, their inability to resolve their differences was not simply a matter of mistrust or poor facilitation. I analyze how these biologists practiced science in a way that supported specific institutional and ecological relationships that in turn provided a setting in which each group’s biological expertise was meaningful, credible, and useful. This tight coupling between scientific practice and society meant that something was more important to these scientists than finishing the plan. For both factions of biologists, ensuring the survival of native species in the valley rested on their ability to catalyze institutional relationships that were compatible with their scientific practice. Understanding this co-production of science and the social order is a first step toward effectively incorporating different experts in negotiation and implementation of technically complex collaborative agreements.
Role for glial cells in regulating the functional expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons in aggregate cultures derived from dissociated fetal brain cells

A series of studies from our laboratory have established an aggregate culture system of fetal rat brain cells expressing neuropeptide Y (NPY) which can serve as a model to study the role of glia-neuron paracrine interactions in the developmental expression of NPY neurons. In this system, NPY production increases progressively with culture-age and it is induced by forskolin (FOR) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). We addressed the following question: Is the functional expression of the NPY neurons impaired in the absence of glial cells (particularly astrocytes) and if so, can secretory products of aggregates composed of the full complement of brain cells ( intact aggregates) restore the function of the impaired NPY neurons? Aggregates were generated from 17-day-old fetal rat cortex and maintained in serum-free medium for 13–15 days. Cytosine arabinoside (CA; doses of 0.5–8 μM) was added to the cultures on day 1 and the effectiveness in elimination of glial cells was verified on day 15 by measuring the incorporation of 3H thymidine into DNA and by immunostaining for the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Basal NPY production and FOR (10 μM) + PMA (20 nM) stimulated production of NPY on days 13–15 were taken as functional criteria. FOR + PMA induced ≈2-fold increase in NPY production in control cultures (no CA). CA inhibited both basal and FOR + PMA induced production of NPY and DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent manner: at 6 μM CA, basal NPY production was reduced by about 50%, FOR + PMA stimulated production of NPY and DNA synthesis were completely inhibited, and astrocytes were essentially eliminated. A competing dose of 100 μM deoxycytidine completely reversed the effects of 6 μM CA on DNA synthesis and basal and FOR + PMA stimulated production of NPY. Conditioned media derived from intact aggregates completely restored basal and partially (≈50%) restored FOR + PMA stimulated production of NPY in CA-treated aggregates. These results implicate secretory products of glial cells (astrocytes?) and/or glial-neuron paracrine interactions in regulating the developmental expression of NPY neurons in culture such that activation of the cAMP and protein kinase C pathways leads to increased production of NPY. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Decolonizing the mind? The representation of the African Colonial War in Portuguese cinema

AbstractThis article analyses two of Portuguese cinema's few feature films that engage with the Colonial War, which took place in Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique between 1961 and 1974. Its main objective is to examine how Um Adeus Portugues/A Portuguese Farewell (Joao Botelho, 1985) and NON ou a Va Gloria de Mandar/NO or the Vain Glory of Command (Manoel de Oliveira, 1990) position themselves in relation to the hegemonic and counter-hegemonic powers common to postcoloniality. I will argue that while the earlier film concentrates on personal reasons for the silence surrounding the war, the later one offers a complex historical analysis of Portugal's desire for expansion. However, although the films interrogate hegemonic memories and assumptions about the war, I will show that they also maintain colonialist/imperialist discourses by either defending a rather positive picture of intercultural harmony or by assuming, even though only partly, a remystifying ahistorical view. The article furthe...
Simulating the impacts of bio-fuel crop production on nonpoint source pollution in the Upper Mississippi River Basin

Abstract The perpetuation of current trend of growing more corn for ethanol is projected to further exacerbate water quality problems in the Upper Mississippi River Basin (URMB). Switchgrass with cellulosic ethanol potential which requires no or little fertilizers can be effective in reducing nonpoint source pollutants such as nitrate and sediments. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model was applied to the UMRB to simulate and evaluate the impacts of two bio-fuel crops (corn and switchgrass) on nonpoint source pollution. High impact areas to which a large amount of pollutants are attributed were identified by simulating and analyzing nitrate outputs from 131 subbasins. Simulation results showed that growing switchgrass instead of corn could reduce nitrate yield by up to 71% (14 kg/ha) and sediments by up to 99% (5 t/ha). It is demonstrated that water quality in the UMRB can be significantly improved and meanwhile economic benefits can still be derived. The results of this study can assist in cost-benefit analysis and decision-making in environmental management in large-scale agricultural areas.
A Research Note SHELF LIFE STABILITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF FROZEN PACIFIC HAKE (Merluccius productus) FILLET PORTIONS

Fish portions prepared from frozen blocks of Pacific hake fillets stored vacuum sealed in moisture-vapor proof film at –15° F for 12 months were shown to have a high degree of acceptance by flavor panels with very little change occurring during storage. Antioxidants applied in an aqueous solution achieved through the use of propylene glycol and a surface active agent and sodium tripolyphosphate added either alone or in combination with antioxidant did not improve flavor panel scores. Development of oxidative rancidity during storage as indicated by TBA-analysis was minimal. Sodium tripolyphosphate appeared to exert a slight prooxidative influence, which was somewhat reduced by the application of antioxidants. The degree of acceptance and shelf-life stability observed seems to indicate a good potential for using this under-utilized species for human food.
The effect of missing backscatter on the dose distribution of a p(66)Be(49) neutron therapy beam.

The dose reduction in phantom due to missing backscattering material was measured on and off the central axis of a p(66)Be(49) neutron beam. The doses at different depths in phantom for various field sizes are found to drop by 4%–10% relative to full backscatter conditions when backscattering material is removed. A simple algorithm that predicts the magnitude of this drop on the basis of equivalent square size of the beam is presented. The algorithm may be used to correct the dose (usually computed from data obtained with full backscatter) at all points near the exit side of a phantom or patient.
The Influence of Air Temperature During Brooding on Broiler Performance

Abstract Two experiments were conducted on the effects of constant ambient air temperatures (a range of 26.7° C. to 35° C.) with warm-room brooding and no supplemental heat from a brooder stove on the performance of broilers. In the first experiment body weight gain and feed consumption were highest for broiler chicks brooded to 3 weeks of age at an initial air temperature of 30.8° C. which was decreased to 28.5° C. and 26.2° C. in the second and third weeks, respectively. A significant improvement in feed efficiency was observed as initial air temperature was increased to 30.8° C. or 35.0° C. In the second experiment the optimum initial temperature for body weight gain from 0 to 3 weeks of age appeared to be near 30° C. for males and 31.7° C. for females. However, no significant differences in body weight gains due to initial air temperatures were evident at the end of 8 weeks. Feed efficiency (0 to 3 weeks) was significantly improved at temperatures between 30° C.–35° C. as compared to lower temperatures. Livability was not affected by the air temperatures studied.
Causes and Cures of the Great Recession

The Great Recession was not a failure of free markets. Rather it was a classic example of the undesirable unintended consequences of government intervention, both through expansionary monetary policy and misguided attempts to bolster the housing market in the USA. Getting government out of banking is the best way to end the disastrous boom and bust cycles that have characterised the last century and a half.
Immunohistochemical distribution of pro-somatostatin-related peptides in cerebral cortex

Mammalian brain contains 3 peptides related to the pro-somatostatin molecule: somatostatin-14 (SS14), the form originally identified from hypothalamic extracts, somatostatin-28 (SS28) and somatostatin 28 (1-12) (SS28 (1-12)). By using antibodies which selectively recognize one or more of these 3 somatostatin-related peptides, we have characterized their immunohistochemical distribution in neocortex. These somatostatin-related peptides have a specific laminar distribution in cortex and are differentially distributed such that SS28 is largely restricted to cell bodies, whereas SS28 (1-12) is preferentially localized in neuronal processes and terminals in a density which far exceeds that revealed by SS-14 immunoreactivity. These data suggest that there may be an intraneuronal transformation from a SS28-like peptide to a SS28 (1-12)-like peptide. In addition, the enriched distribution of nerve fibers containing the antigenic determinant, SS28 (1-12), strongly implies that somatostatin-related peptides constitute a major neurotransmitter system in neocortex. The morphological characteristics of this system are homologous with long projection pathways such as the cortico-cortical specific intrinsic systems as well as projections.
The effects of perceived product attributes on the perception of beef

The objective of this study was to identify perceived characteristics of beef which impact quality perception. Results indicate that concerns with beef related to cholesterol and calorie content, artificial ingredients, convenience characteristics, how it is displayed in the store, and expense each significantly adversely affected quality perception. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Peripheral nerve vasculitis presenting as complex regional pain syndrome.

AbstractObjective:To report the clinical, electrodiagnostic, and pathologic findings in 3 patients who presented with complex regional pain syndrome as their primary manifestation of peripheral nerve vasculitis.Design:Case series.Setting:Outpatient clinic in a tertiary care academic medical center.P
Absorption of safflower oil and structured lipid preparations in patients with cystic fibrosis

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and pancreatic insufficiency usually have decreased linoleic and increased oleic, palmitoleic and eicosatrienoic (20∶3ω9) acids compared to normal values of blood and tissue lipids. These changes are consistent with early essential fatty acid deficiency and are observed despite the regular use of exogenous pancreatic enzyme supplementation. As part of a study to determine the relative role of malabsorption as the etiology for the altered fatty acid status, the change in total plasma fatty acids and in area percent of plasma linoleic acid was determined in CF patients and control subjects following the ingestion of various lipid supplements, including two safflower oil preparations and two structured lipid preparations. Fasting subjects consumed 33 g of lipid in a milkshake containing 15 g of protein and 45 g of carbohydrate. Plasma samples obtained 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hr after the meal showed that the CF patients absorbed all preparations when administered with their regular dose of pancreatic enzyme supplement. Comparison of the patterns of increase for total plasma fatty acids and area percent of plasma linoleic acid following the administration of the different lipid supplements in CF patients and control subjects suggests that(a) malabsorption alone is not the cause of the abnormal fatty acid composition in the lipids of CF patients and that increased caloric intake along with consumption of adequate amounts of linoleic acid should improve the linoleic acid status of CF patients; (b) there may be selectively increased metabolism of certain fatty acids from the ingested lipids in the relatively malnourished CF patient compared to control subjects; and (c) conditions favoring the persistence of nonpancreatic lipases seem also to favor absorption and utilization of the structured lipid preparation containing medium chain length fatty acids and linoleic acid in CF patients compared to control subjects.
The Digital Librarian's Legal Handbook: Powerful, Concise Insight into Intellectual Property Rights in 21st- Century Digital Library Collections

John N. Gathegi. New York, NY: Neal-Schuman Publishers, Inc., 2012, 250 pp., ISBN-13: 978-1-55570-649-4, softcover, $130.00.Series editor Tomas Lipinski introduces this third book in his series of ...
Formal semantics for a symbolic IC design technique: Examples and applications

Abstract A formal modeling scheme for studying the behavior of circuits designed using a symbolic integrated circuit design technique is developed. The formalism is of value when attempting to synthesize such circuits proceeding from higher level specifications, for verifying the correctness of such designs, and in the development of probably correct optimization strategies for these circuits.
Entropy Generation Analysis for Nanofluid Flow in Microchannels

Employing a validated computer simulation model, entropy generation is analyzed in trapezoidal microchannels for steady laminar flow of pure water and CuO-water nanofluids. Focusing on microchannel heat sink applications, local and volumetric entropy rates caused by frictional and thermal effects are computed for different coolants, inlet temperatures, Reynolds numbers, and channel aspect ratios. It was found that there exists an optimal Reynolds number range to operate the system due to the characteristics of the two different entropy sources, both related to the inlet Reynolds number. Microchannels with high aspect ratios have a lower suitable operational Reynolds number range. The employment of nanofluids can further minimize entropy generation because of their superior thermal properties. Heat transfer induced entropy generation is dominant for typical microheating systems while frictional entropy generation becomes more and more important with the increase in fluid inlet velocity/Reynolds number.
Characterization of lattice strain from DX centers and persistent photocarriers in GaAlAs

We discuss the results of high resolution, low temperature X-ray diffraction measurements used to determine the lattice strain caused by electron emission from Sn- and Si-related DX centers in Ga1 − xAlxAs. DX centers are deep levels associated with donors in various III–V semiconductors, and they are responsible for persistent photoconductivity and other unusual electrical and optical properties of these materials. Although DX centers have been extensively studied for more than a decade, information is still needed about the atomic arrangements that comprise DX centers for various donor and host systems. Our lattice strain measurements show that there is lattice expansion attributable to local bonding changes that occur when the DX centers are emptied. This result is important in testing proposed structural models for the DX center, and it can be used to rule out a proposal that symmetric breathing-mode relaxation is responsible for a DX− state for Sn-doped Ga1 − xAlxAs. The theoretical proposal by Chadi (Phys. Rev. B, 46 (1992) 6777) requires an inward relaxation when a Sn-related DX center is emptied, but our experiments show an outward relaxation.
Smart grid energy fraud detection using artificial neural networks

Energy fraud detection is a critical aspect of smart grid security and privacy preservation. Machine learning and data mining have been widely used by researchers for extensive intelligent analysis of data to recognize normal patterns of behavior such that deviations can be detected as anomalies. This paper discusses a novel application of a machine learning technique for examining the energy consumption data to report energy fraud using artificial neural networks and smart meter fine-grained data. Our approach achieves a higher energy fraud detection rate than similar works in this field. The proposed technique successfully identifies diverse forms of fraudulent activities resulting from unauthorized energy usage.
Feedback localization of freely diffusing fluorescent particles near the optical shot-noise limit

We report near-optimal tracking of freely diffusing fluorescent particles in a quasi-two-dimensional geometry via photon counting and real-time feedback. We present a quantitative statistical model of our feedback network and find excellent agreement with the experiment. We monitor the motion of a single fluorescent particle with a sensitivity of 15 nm/sqrt Hz while collecting fewer than 5000 fluorescence photons/s. Fluorescent microspheres (diffusion coefficient 1.3 μm^2/s) are tracked with a root-mean-square tracking error of 170 nm, within a factor of 2 of the theoretical limit set by photon counting shot noise.
Does Anyone See Me? Playing Host to the Uninvited Guest of Post-Polio Syndrome:

Drawing on Arthur Frank's illness narratives, this autoethnographic account of an adult child's experience as a child of a parent with post-polio syndrome (PPS) explores the influence of disability on how the adult child sees herself. The essay is centered on the author's re-remembrance of her child as she understands it through her mother's chaos narrative. The author explores how living in the shadows of PPS has prompted her to ask the world around her: Does anyone see me? The journey through the crisis of PPS has pushed her to confront PPS head on and to challenge its claim that she does not matter.
Enhancing Hydrogen Adsorption by Metal Incorporation in Carbon Multi-Wall Nanotubes Produced by Continuous Hot Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition

The hydrogen storage properties of carbon single-wall and multi-wall nanotubes (SWNTs and MWNTs), graphitic nanofibers, and other nanostructured carbons have recently become the subject of considerable debate. Reported capacities range from ~ 0–60 wt%. Hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) has recently been adapted for a continuous growth process for high-density carbon MWNTs. Multi-wall nanotube growth is optimized in 1:5 CH4:Ar at 150 Torr with reactor temperatures of 400 and 550°C for static and flowing gases, respectively. Ferrocene is employed to provide a gas-phase catalyst. Highly graphitic nanotubes can be continuously deposited with iron content as low as 15 wt% and carbon impurities below thermal gravimetric analysis detection limits. The MWNTs are simply purified to ~99.5 wt% with minimal structural damage and with a 75 wt% yield. Hydrogen adsorption is observed for low pressures at near ambient temperatures on the as-synthesized MWNTs containing iron nanoparticles. However, no hydrogen adsorption, is observed at near ambient temperatures for the purified MWNTs or for purified MWNTs that were subsequently combined with iron micro/nano-particles via sonication. These results indicate that an intimate metal/graphitic carbon interaction is required for unanticipated hydrogen adsorption at near ambient conditions.
Demonstration of Bonghan corpuscles and ducts in rabbits and rats by Korean scientists.

In the early 1960s, Bong Han Kim, a North Korean scientist and professor of Pyongyang Medical College, discovered that the acupuncture meridian system was represented by a system of microcapillaries (Bonghan ducts). His studies suggested that the meridian system is actually a physical microtubular network in which the microcapillaries serve as special ducts for a flowing liquid containing DNA granules [1,2]. For unknown reasons, no published reports by Dr. Kim appeared after 1965 and his work was abandoned and forgotten. In recent years, a group of scientists in South Korea have attempted to reinvestigate Dr. Kim’s research findings. The existence of Bonghan ducts has been confirmed and they have been carefully analyzed in rabbit, rat, and human tissues using light and electron microscopy (for recent references, see [3]). Two Korean scientists, Dr. Byung-Cheon Lee from the Department of Physics and Astronomy of Seoul National University and Dr. Min Su Kim from the Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veteri nary Medicine, ChonBuk National University visited Professor Vodyanoy’s laboratory during January 12−16, 2009. The main scope of the visit was to demonstrate surgical, microsurgical, and biochemical procedures for the removal and identification of Bonghan corpuscles and ducts developed in Professor Soh’s laboratory (Biomedical Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics & Astronomy of Seoul National University). Experi ments were carried out with two rabbits and five rats. Professor Vodyanoy and four members of his research team have witnessed demonstrations of vascular structures that appear distinct from those belonging to the nervous, blood, and lymphatic systems. This new vascular system is vast and has specific and distinct structural and biochemical characteristics. Dr. Lee has also demonstrated separation of Bonghan granules (membrane bounded DNAcontaining bodies) by homogenization of Bonghan corpuscles and ducts and subsequent differential centrifugation. Additionally, we observed main structures with a light microscope (Figure).
Eating Patterns in a Free-Living Healthy U. S. Adult Population

The primary objective of this study was to describe eating patterns (e.g., breakfast, lunch, dinner, snacking, number of eating episodes, temporal patterns of eating across the 24-hour day, and the frequency of eating out) in a healthy U.S. population in order to provide a basis for future studies on the association between eating patterns and disease. Twenty-four hour dietary recalls were used to assess eating patterns, and cross-sectional analyses were conducted. Ninety-six percent of subjects usually consumed breakfast, 78% consumed lunch, 95% consumed dinner, and 60% consumed snacks. On average, participants ate 3.92 times daily (standard deviation(SD)=0.8). Caloric intake on weekend days was significantly greater than on weekdays. There was a tendency of participants to eat meals frequently outside of the home. The project described was supported by grant R01-HL52745 to Dr. Ira S. Ockene from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the autho...
Resources needed for cai

Abstract: CAI resources for R and D are discussed under these headings: hardware, software, personnel, funding and facilities. Functions of the central processor, auxiliary stores and input‐output units are considered. The computer program or operating system and the assembler and its author‐entry language are next discussed. CAI implications for curriculum are introduced with reference to “dry” versus “wet” laboratory work, the Sumerian game and the computer's capacity for information retrieval. Personnel needs flowing from the disparate skills involved in CAI and the costs of a modest R and D system are outlined.
Engineering Crystal Packing and Internal Dynamics in Molecular Gyroscopes by Refining their Components. Fast Exchange of a Phenylene Rotator by 2H NMR

Using quadrupolar echo 2H NMR, we have determined that a relatively simple change on the periphery of the triptycene stators of molecular gyroscopes may have a profound effect on the packing arrangements, packing coefficients, and rotary dynamics of the central phenylene rotators. The previously reported crystal structure of 1,4-bis-[2-(9-triptycyl)-ethynyl]benzene (1) is characterized by the inclusion of meta-xylene and a very tightly interdigitated packing arrangement that effectively prevents the rotary motion of the phenylene rotator. Structural modifications to prevent this interdigitation led to the design and synthesis of 1,4-bis[2-(2,3,6,7,12,13-hexamethyl-10-propyl-9-triptycyl)ethynyl]benzene (2), which had been shown to crystallize in the desired manner but with the inclusion of bromobenzene. Using crystals of 2 with a 2H-labeled phenylene rotator, we determined by quadrupolar echo 2H NMR line shape analysis that rotation occurs by a 180° site exchange (2-fold flip) with frequencies in the MHz r...
Beyond pain: predictors of postoperative maladaptive behavior change in children.

Summary Objectives & Aim: Using well-validated measures and controlling for potential confounding variables such as pain and surgical and anesthetic technique, the goal of this project was to identify the incidence of and risk factors for the development of behavior change in children after surgery. Background: Although researchers have described maladaptive behavior change following surgery, many previous studies are limited by potential confounding variables, including postoperative pain, type of surgery, and surgical and anesthetic procedure. Methods: Participants included 260 children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Baseline and demographic data were collected prior to surgery and pain and behavioral recovery were recorded for 2 weeks following surgery. A standardized approach to anesthesia and surgical procedure was implemented and well-validated assessment measures were used. Results: On the first day at home following surgery, 80.4% of children exhibited negative behavior change. Nearly one-third of children continued to exhibit behavior changes 2 weeks after surgery. Logistic regression analyses that controlled for pain severity identified several predictors of behavior change: preexisting somatic and anxious/depressed problems predicted new onset postoperative general anxiety, χ2 (8) = 20.10, P = 0.010; younger age predicted separation anxiety, χ2 (4) = 20.41, P < 0.01; and inhibited temperament predicted postoperative sleep disturbance, χ2 (2) = 9.19, P = 0.010. Conclusions: Individual child factors above and beyond pain predict maladaptive postoperative behavior change; identification of these predictors may be helpful in both preventing and ameliorating difficulties with behavioral recovery following surgery.
Transcription Factor Nrf2 Protects the Brain From Damage Produced by Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background and Purpose—Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains a major medical problem for which there is no effective treatment. Oxidative and cytotoxic damage plays an important role in ICH pathogenesis and may represent a target for treatment of ICH. Recent studies have suggested that nuclear factor–erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), a pleiotropic transcription factor, may play a key role in protecting cells from cytotoxic/oxidative damage. This study evaluated the role of Nrf2 in protecting the brain from ICH-mediated damage. Methods—Sprague-Dawley rats and Nrf2-deficient or control mice received intracerebral injection of autologous blood to mimic ICH. Sulforaphane was used to activate Nrf2. Oxidative stress, the presence of myeloperoxidase-positive cells (neutrophils) in ICH-affected brains, and behavioral dysfunction were assessed to determine the extent of ICH-mediated damage. Results—Sulforaphane activated Nrf2 in ICH-affected brain tissue and reduced neutrophil count, oxidative damage, and behavioral deficits caused by ICH. Nrf2-deficient mice demonstrated more severe neurologic deficits after ICH and did not benefit from the protective effect of sulforaphane. Conclusions—Nrf2 may represent a strategic target for ICH therapies. (Stroke. 2007;38:3280-3286.)