cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
‘Siento que el inglés esta tumbando mi español’: A transfronteriza child’s embodied critical language awareness

For many minoritized communities, sustaining or at least holding on to their home language and cultural identity has been a constant uphill battle. Nevertheless, Latina/o/x who speak Spanish, for e...
A High-Performance Handwriting BCI

One of the main goals of brain-computer interface (BCI) research is to restore communication to people with people with little or no control of their movements. In this chapter, we interviewed Frank Willett about his work with a BCI to decode handwriting movements. This BCI won first place in the 2020 BCI Research Awards. This interview presents some information about how their BCI system helped a person with paralysis. Their system attained 18 words per minute with very high accuracy. Dr. Willett also talked about challenges for clinical translation and how students and others could get involved.
Indirect solar receiver development for the thermal extraction of H2O(v) from lunar regolith: Heat and mass transfer modeling

Abstract A novel indirect solar receiver/volatile extractor concept was considered for thermally extracting H2O(s) from lunar regolith in the permanently shadowed regions on the Moon. The modeled indirect solar receiver/H2O(s) extractor consisted of a rigid, highly conductive chamber that was partially embedded in the lunar surface. Solar selective and non-selective absorbers were examined to efficiently capture concentrated solar irradiation and effectively transfer heat to icy regolith to drive H2O sublimation. A detailed heat and mass transfer model was developed in ANSYS Fluent to assess the feasibility of thermal extraction from permanently shadowed regions near the lunar poles with 5 wt% of H2O(s). The maximum H2O(v) collected after 10 terrestrial h of simulation time was 2789 g for the solar selective coated receiver and 1035 g for the non-selective receiver. The addition of a solar selective coating was observed to significantly enhance H2O(s) thermal extraction. The low lunar regolith thermal conductivity was shown as the major bottleneck for thermal extraction.
A Tale of Two Checkpoints: ATR Inhibition and PD-(L)1 Blockade

Innate immunity and the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway are inextricably linked. Within the DDR, ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) is a key kinase responsible for sensing replication stress and facilitating DNA repair through checkpoint activation, cell cycle arrest, and promotion of fork recovery. Recent studies have shed light on the immunomodulatory role of the ATR-CHK1 pathway in the tumor microenvironment and the specific effects of ATR inhibition in stimulating an innate immune response. With several potent and selective ATR inhibitors in developmental pipelines, the combination of dual ATR and PD-(L)1 blockade has attracted increasing interest in cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize the clinical and preclinical data supporting the combined inhibition of ATR and PD-(L)1, discuss the potential challenges surrounding this approach, and highlight biomarkers relevant for selected patients who are most likely to benefit from the blockade of these two checkpoints. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Medicine, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Wealth and Freedom: An Introduction to Political Economy

Modern life places a special emphasis on private affairs. Social institutions, and especially our economies, have been organized to facilitate the pursuit of private interests. At the center of this private world is a system of private property which, more than anything, satisfies our wants. Political economy studies the properties of this private world: How does it work, and how well does it satisfy our wants? What are the limits of the world of private affairs? Wealth and Freedom provides an introduction to political economy for the student or other interested nonspecialist. The book explores such key issues as the place of our economy in the larger social system, the importance of market institutions for individual autonomy, private enterprise as a system of economic development, poverty and inequality in market economies, global inequality, and the limits of the market and the role of government. Wealth and Freedom is distinctive in employing a rights-based approach to understanding and evaluating economic institutions. The author emphasizes the distinction between needs and wants as the basis for establishing the limits of the market, and concludes the book with a discussion of the relation between private wants and public ends.
The Performance of Strategic Alliances Revisited: A Conceptual Framework Using the Market Model

We propose a conceptual framework that uses the market model to evaluate the performance of strategic alliances. Even though application of the framework is limited to venture partners whose stocks are publicly traded. its use offers several insights and advantages. The framework also offers the opportunity to analyze the impact of strategic alliances on the degree of riskiness of the venture partners.
Variable Structure Control of Partially Linearizable Dynamics

It is shown how the theory of decoupling and partial linearization of nonlinear affine systems can enhace the design of variable structure control systems for such systems. Refined insights into the design of nonlinear switching surfaces and a new regular form are obtained.
Ultrasonic Measurements in Particle Size Analysis

The particle size distribution and concentration of a colloidal dispersion can be determined by measuring its ultrasonic velocity and/or attenuation coefficient as a function of frequency and then using a suitable mathematical model to interpret the spectra. Ultrasonic spectroscopy can be used to analyze particle sizes between about 10 nm and 1000 µm, and is suitable for application to concentrated systems (often up to 50 wt%). This technique has considerable advantages over many alternative technologies because it can be applied to systems that are optically opaque without the need of any sample preparation.
La Filosofía como ciencia falible

Cien anos despues de la publicacion del Articulo de Husserl titulado “La filosofia como ciencia rigurosa” la relacion entre la descripcion de nuestros estados mentales, de nuestro acceso a ellos, y, la relacion entre los puntos de vista sobre nuestro acceso a nuestros propios estados mentales y su concepcion del estatus de la filosofia como ciencia rigurosa, en ese Articulo, aun no esta del todo clara. Si el objetivo es responder a la pregunta si Husserl mantiene, y con que alcance, su compromiso con el proyecto de la fenomenologia descrito en este Articulo como clave para hacer realidad las aspiraciones de la filosofia de ser una ciencia en absoluto, el primer paso sera abordar estas preguntas en ese orden. En un segundo paso, y mucho mas breve, me referire a la pregunta de si los puntos de vista de Husserl sobre estos temas han cambiado mas adelante y como estos afectan sus puntos de vista acerca de la viabilidad de la fenomenologia como un medio para alcanzar los objetivos tradicionales de la filosofia, como el los describe en el Articulo.
Virtue, Reason, and Principle

A common strategy unites much that philosophers have written about the virtues. The strategy can be traced back at least to Aristotle, who suggested that human beings have a characteristic function or activity (rational activity of soul), and that the virtues are traits of character which enable humans to perform this kind of activity excellently or well. The defining feature of this approach is that it treats the virtues as functional concepts, to be both identified and justified by reference to some independent goal or end which they enable people to attain (human flourishing, rational perfection, participation in practices, ‘narrative unity’ in a life). Some recent philosophers seem to have hoped that by following this perfectionist strategy, we might attain a more convincing account of our moral practices than rule-based theories of ethics have been able to provide.
More Quadratic Equations

This chapter discusses quadratic equations. It focuses on developing a method of solving quadratic equations that can be used on all quadratic equations, irrespective of whether or not they are factorable. The square root of both sides of an equation can be taken any time it seems helpful. However, it must be made sure that both the positive and the negative square roots are included. In the trinomial, the first term is called the quadratic term; the middle term is called the linear term; and the last term is called the constant term. To use the quadratic formula, it must be made sure that the equation is in standard form. Whenever the solutions to quadratic equations turn out to be rational numbers, it means the original equation could have been solved by factoring. The graph of an equation of the form y = ax 2 + bx + c, a ≠ 0 is a parabola.
From poisson groupoids to quantum groupoids and back

This talk reviews the basic definitions of Lie and Poisson groupoids and then proposes Lie Hopf Algebroids as a possible definition for “Quantum Groupoids” — objects which generalize quantum groups on the one hand, and have Poisson groupoids as their classical limits, on the other.
High-Dose Clonidine in a Case of Restless Legs Syndrome

OBJECTIVE:To describe a patient with idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS).CASE SUMMARY:A 37-year-old man developed severe symptoms of RLS. Treatment using combinations of levodopa, opioids, benzodiazepines, and baclofen provided only partial benefit or resulted in intolerable adverse effects. Higher dosages of clonidine than previously reported in the literature (0.9 mg/d in divided doses) were needed to completely relieve his RLS symptoms. The only prominent adverse effect was dry mouth. The RLS symptoms returned after subsequent reductions in the dosage. After the dosage of clonidine was again increased, complete relief of the symptoms was achieved again. After several months, clonidine was tapered to zero and the patient entered a period of spontaneous remission. When his symptoms returned four months after clonidine had been discontinued, clonidine therapy was restarted.DISCUSSION:Clonidine alleviated RLS symptoms in 30 of 41 patients reported in the literature, indicating that the adrenergic nervo...
Influence of design parameters on sound power spectrum for general aviation propellers in forward flight

Theory and results are presented for the sound power and sound power spectrum of a single rotation propeller in forward flight. Calculations are based on the linear wave equation with sources distributed over helicoidal surfaces to represent effects of blade thickness and steady loading. Sound power is distributed continuously over frequency, as would be expected from Doppler effects, rather than in discrete harmonics. The theory is applied to study effects of number of blades to the total sound power produced for cruise mode and their sound power spectrum.
Facilitation of transvenous lead extraction using site-specific delivery of electrosurgical energy.

Abstract Introduction Excimer laser energy is often required to extract chronically indwelling pacemaker and defibrillator leads from the vasculature and myocardium. This technique can be associated with vascular and right ventricular (RV) injuries. We sought to develop a safer, more effective method by applying site-specific delivery of electrosurgical energy (EE). Methods Utilizing a polyacrylamide gel model to simulate soft tissue density, active and passive fixation defibrillator and pacemaker leads were implanted and manually extracted with and without EE delivered to the cathode. The amount of force required for complete removal was measured using a force transducer. The procedure was then repeated in an acute pig model to demonstrate proof of safety. Post mortem gross and histologic specimens were collected from the implantation site. Results In the gel model, the force required for extraction, using manual traction in the active (83.7 g) and passive (74.6 g) fixation ICD leads, was reduced by 37.8% and 33.5%, respectively with EE (both p Conclusions Site-specific delivery of EE to areas of exposed metal along the lead decreased the force necessary for lead extraction in an in vitro and in vivo model. Further studies are needed to evaluate its application in clinical care.
Regulation of the Prevalence and Intensity of Schistosomiasis in Man: Immunology or Ecology?

The belief that immunity (resistance to reinfection) is a major factor controlling the prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis in man is a deepseated one. It seems impossible to most observers that subjects in endemic areas who are exposed to infested waters are not constantly reinfected. Furthermore, there is a continuous trickle of anecdotal evidence for the infectivity of the parasite supplied by case reports of individuals from nonendemic areas who became infected (in some cases, heavily) after only short-term exposures. Even though the worms do not multiply in the human body, their ability to live for 20-30 years would suggest that worm burdens should steadily increase to a level resulting in severe morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, in most endemic areas of the world we can detect relatively little disease and death due to schistosomal infection. Furthermore, when we examine the prevalence and the intensity of infection in relation to age, we usually see a curve which reaches its peak in the teens and declines with advancing years. The occurrence of immunity to schistosomiasis in man is not an obvious phenomenon. As Smithers has stated, "there is no sudden immunologic crisis leading to parasite elimination and a subsequent and sudden development of strong immunity. Instead, immunity appears to develop gradually, taking several years to become pronounced; in the early stages of infection, immunity may be only partial, but nevertheless of vital importance in limiting the infection" [2]. Attempts to study human resistance to reinfection have been exceed-
A RE-EXAMINATION OF OBSERVED AND PREDICTED STELLAR IONIZING FLUXES IN THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD

We use Hα luminosities of H II regions in the Large Magellanic Cloud to test the latest generation of hot-star atmosphere models. These newer models predict softer spectral energy distributions, and imply that less ionizing radiation escapes from classical H II regions than found in our previous study. Our analysis is based on a sample of 14 objects that have comprehensive inventories of spectroscopic classifications for the ionizing stars, and we also present a larger sample of 39 objects for which stellar properties are more roughly estimated from broadband photometry. Although the latter sample offers crude constraints, the results are fully consistent with, and support those from, the former sample. We find that the latest stellar atmosphere models predict that only 20-30% of H II regions are density bounded. This is consistent with the shell-like and filamentary morphology seen in those candidates. With these results, the total photon budget may not provide enough Lyman continuum radiation to account for the diffuse, warm ionized medium.
Overlay measurements and standards

The relative misalignment of features produced by different mask levels (i.e., overlay error) is projected to become an increasingly important problem to the semiconductor industry as the size of critical features continues to decrease. In response to this need, NIST has initiated a two-step program to improve the measurement of overlay error, and to develop standards in support of overlay metrology. The approach of the first step is to develop a 'toolkit' of standards for characterizing the tool-induced shifts (TIS) in the optical tools presently used for the measurement of overlay error, with the aim of producing and maintaining overlay tools with negligible TIS. The second step, which necessarily follows the successful completion of the first step, is aimed at developing artifact standards with negligible wafer-induced shifts for the calibration of the TIS-free overlay tools.
The pattern of sporulation of Bacillus popilliae in colonies

Abstract Spores accumulate periodically in colonies of Bacillus popilliae after 3 days of vegetative growth on solid medium. Sporulation occurs on the surface and primarily in a ring near the periphery, causing slight changes in colony contour. The formation of mature spores and their acquisition of resistance to drying and to heat occur in a stepwise manner. A high level of prespore forms persists in mature colonies. Sporulation in colonies is as efficient as early stages of sporulation in larvae, but efficiency in vivo must increase as milky disease progresses.
Crushing analysis of metal honeycombs

Abstract A method for determining the crushing strength of hexagonal cell structures subjected to axial loading is given. The method is based on energy considerations in conjunction with a minimum principle in plasticity. The problem is shown to be equivalent to the analysis of a system of collapsing angle elements undergoing bending and extensional deformations. The theory is first developed for an arbitrary angle between panels and then is specified for the 120° angle, appropriate for the hexagonal cell structures. Simple formulas are derived relating the crushing force and the wavelength of the local folding wave to the wall thickness and diameter of the cell. The theoretical solution has been compared with experimental results published in the literature and an excellent correlation has been obtained for the wide range of geometrical parameters involved. This solution replaces the less accurate earlier analysis of the same problem due to McFarland. The purpose of this study was to provide a simple and rational means by which hexagonal cell structures can be designed for use as energy absorbers in impact or impulsive loading situations.
Microsatellite loci for testing temporal changes in the population genetics of the Florida mouse (Podomys floridanus)

The Florida mouse (Podomys floridanus) is endemic to Florida and is considered vulnerable by the IUCN due to extensive habitat loss. Here, we describe a panel of 76 microsatellite DNA markers for population genetic studies of this species. Fourteen of these loci were examined to estimate genetic diversity for 39 specimens collected in Florida in 1957 and 2006. DNA extractions from the 1957 specimens were carried out from snips of skin taken from museum voucher skins, whereas the 2006 samples were extracted from fresh liver tissue. The use of museum skins for reconstructing the genetics of historical populations is becoming a critical part of understanding past, present, and future genetic trends for threatened species. Mean expected heterozygosity for the two populations was 0.73 and mean observed heterozygosity was 0.75. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 15. All microsatellites were polymorphic, and exhibited variability across time.
Electrical techniques for stimulation of the phrenic nerve to pace the diaphragm: inductive coupling and battery powered total implant in asynchronous and demand modes.

A review of the electrical design of a rf inductively coupled phrenic nerve stimulator for the diaphragm developed in our laboratories will be discussed. Modifications of the original circuit are based on long-term laboratory and clinical studies. A total implant battery powered stimulator was designed exclusively for animal studies to evaluate fhe effects of several stimulating parameters on diaphragm fatigue and neuromuscular structure. On the basis of these studies the optimum current level, stimulus frequency, respiratory rate, electrode configuration, and waveform were selected for clinical use to pace the diaphragm. A multiprogrammable dual output stimulator responsive to interrogation has been constructed and used in the experimental laboratory in anticipation of clinical application. There was an insignificant difference between the effect on neural structure or diaphragm function of stimulation with pulse width modulated constant voltage or with amplitude-modulated constant current. Demand pacing: maintenance of normal PACO2 by monitoring ET PACO2 with feedback to the diaphragm pacemaker to adjust the pacing rate has been successful in the experimental animal.
Importance of posttraumatic hypothermia and hyperthermia on the inflammatory response after fluid percussion brain injury: biochemical and immunocytochemical studies.

The purpose of this study was to investigate: 1) the temporal and regional profile of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) infiltration after moderate traumatic brain injury using the parasagittal fluid percussion model and 2) the effects of posttraumatic hypothermia (30°C) and hyperthermia (39°C) on the acute and subacute inflammatory response. We hypothesized that posttraumatic hypothermia would reduce the degree of PMNL accumulation whereas hyperthermia would exacerbate this response to injury. In the first series of experiments we quantitated the temporal profile of altered myeloperoxidase activity under normothermic (37°C) conditions (n = 20). The rats were allowed to survive for 3 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, or 7 days after trauma, and brains were dissected into cortical and subcortical regions ipsilateral and contralateral to injury. Additional animals were perfused and fixed for the immunocytochemical visualization of myeloperoxidase (n = 15). In the second series of experiments, rats (n = 25) were kil...
Site-directed solid-state NMR measurement of a ligand-induced conformational change in the serine bacterial chemoreceptor.

The challenging nature of studies of membrane proteins has made it difficult to determine the molecular mechanism of transmembrane signaling. For the bacterial chemoreceptor family, there are cryst...
When can we safely reuse systems, upgrade systems, or use COTS components?

In this article it is proven that two systems are I/O equivalent with respect to an initial state pair if and only if their minimizations are isomorphic images, which means that the minimizations are essentially the same systems with just a renaming of states, inputs, and outputs. The concept of homomorphic images is also defined: One system is a homomorphic image of the other if the one system is simpler than the other, but has essentially the same overall functionality. Two systems that are I/O equivalent with respect to an initial state pair are not necessarily homomorphic images. Hence, a system that implements the one may not implement the other. To assume otherwise can lead to disaster. It is the responsibility of systems engineers assigned to system functional analysis to consider the I/O requirement and the performance requirement (which may include reusability considerations) and to specify functional system designs for implementation. It is the responsibility of systems engineers assigned to system architecture to consider the technology requirement and the cost requirement and to specify buildable system designs to implement those exact functional system designs, not the requirements for I/O behavior. This paper shows that the equivalence of two systems cannot be proven by looking only at input and output behavior. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Syst Eng 3: 8295, 2000
SU-E-I-40: New Method for Measurement of Task-Specific, High-Resolution Detector System Performance

Purpose: Although generalized linear system analytic metrics such as GMTF and GDQE can evaluate performance of the whole imaging system including detector, scatter and focal-spot, a simplified task-specific measured metric may help to better compare detector systems. Methods: Low quantum-noise images of a neuro-vascular stent with a modified ANSI head phantom were obtained from the average of many exposures taken with the high-resolution Micro-Angiographic Fluoroscope (MAF) and with a Flat Panel Detector (FPD). The square of the Fourier Transform of each averaged image, equivalent to the measured product of the system GMTF and the object function in spatial-frequency space, was then divided by the normalized noise power spectra (NNPS) for each respective system to obtain a task-specific generalized signal-to-noise ratio. A generalized measured relative object detectability (GM-ROD) was obtained by taking the ratio of the integral of the resulting expressions for each detector system to give an overall metric that enables a realistic systems comparison for the given detection task. Results: The GM-ROD provides comparison of relative performance of detector systems from actual measurements of the object function as imaged by those detector systems. This metric includes noise correlations and spatial frequencies relevant to the specific object. Additionally, the integrationmore » bounds for the GM-ROD can be selected to emphasis the higher frequency band of each detector if high-resolution image details are to be evaluated. Examples of this new metric are discussed with a comparison of the MAF to the FPD for neuro-vascular interventional imaging. Conclusion: The GM-ROD is a new direct-measured task-specific metric that can provide clinically relevant comparison of the relative performance of imaging systems. Supported by NIH Grant: 2R01EB002873 and an equipment grant from Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation.« less
Coast to Coast by Automobile: The Pioneering Trips, 1899???1908. By Curt McConnell. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2000. Pp. xiv, 349. $45.00.

Coast to Coast by Automobile is a detailed account of eight early efforts to drive across the North American continent. The first two expeditions, undertaken in 1899 and 1901, met with failure; but from 1903 to 1908, at least six groups successfully crossed from west to east. Dr. H. Nelson Jackson completed the first transcontinental journey on 26 July 1903, arriving in New York City in a stock 1903 Winton touring car approximately 63.5 days after he and his mechanic Sewall K. Crocker left San Francisco. Chapter 2 reports on the Jackson-Crocker venture, and subsequent chapters describe how later groups using teams of drivers managed to reduce total travel time to a little more than 15 days by 1906 and to five days by 1916.
Evidence for Cleavage of the PC1/PC3 Pro-Segment in the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Abstract AtT-20 cells contain two molecular weight forms (87 and 66 kDa) of the prohormone convertase PC1 (also known as PC3), thought to be involved in prohormone maturation. In this study we found that PC1 is first synthesized as a 94-kDa protein, which is then rapidly converted to a 84-kDa form. Two lines of evidence suggest that the generation of the 84-kDa protein from its 94-kDa precursor occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The processing of the 94-kDa protein to the lower molecular weight form was extremely rapid, occurring with a half-life less than 2 min. The 84-kDa form was initially endoglycosidase H-sensitive, indicating lack of acquisition of sugars transferred in the medial Golgi. Within 40 min after the labeling period, the 84-kDa protein was converted to an endoglycosidase H-resistant form of 87 kDa, which was then processed to an endoglycosidase H-resistant 66-kDa protein. Radiosequencing of the 87- and 66-kDa proteins indicated that the biosynthesis of the 87-kDa protein involves the removal of the 83 amino acid Pro segment and that the processing of the 87-kDa to the 66-kDa form occurred by cleavage of a carboxy-terminal segment. Brefeldin A did not interrupt the cleavage of the 94-kDa to the 87-kDa protein, but completely blocked the processing of the 84- to 87-kDa proteins to the 66-kDa species. The 84-kDa protein produced in brefeldin-treated cells remained sensitive to endoglycosidase H, indicating a lack of exposure to Golgi sugar transferases. Collectively, our results indicate that while the initial cleavage of the PC1 cleavage most likely occurs in the ER, the generation of the 66-kDa proteins is performed in later cellular compartments such as the trans -Golgi network or secretory granules. These data imply that the various molecular forms of PC 1 may participate in prohormone maturation at different points along the secretory pathway.
Bare Life: Border-Crossing Deaths and Spaces of Moral Alibi

This paper examines the US border control strategy of ‘prevention through deterrence’ as an instance of biopolitics that has resulted in an alarming increase in migrant deaths over the past sixteen years. I argue that this policy renders unauthorized migrants as ‘bare life’, individuals whose deaths are deemed of little consequence. Geographic space has been an essential aspect of this policy, both for its presumed (though not realized) deterrent power and in the fact that it provides a moral alibi that enables policy makers to deny responsibility for the deaths. This study contributes to recent conversations on biopower and bare life by (1) highlighting the fact that biopower as it pertains to the constitution of ‘the population’ is far from being solely a local or national phenomenon, but rather is inherently connected to drawing distinctions between the national and the international and by (2) arguing for the significance of race in this process.
Improving and Assessing Information Literacy Skills through Faculty-Librarian Collaboration

Academic libraries provide value to their institutions on many levels, one of which is information literacy (IL) instruction. Librarians have the opportunity to guide students through the research process, teach students how to think critically, evaluate resources, and use resources ethically. It is beneficial for librarians to assess student learning after these sessions to demonstrate how libraries support the academic mission of their institutions. This article will address ways to assess the effectiveness of integrating information literacy into college courses by taking a close look at a partnership developed between a professor and two librarians at a small, private four-year institution.
Short treatment durations for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis: Five days of gemifloxacin versus 7 days of gemifloxacin.

OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to demonstrate the clinical and radiologic efficacy of 5 days compared with 7 days of gemifloxacin therapy in the treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS).STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective, double-blind, multicenter, parallel-group study, adult patients presenting with ABRS were randomized to receive gemifloxacin 320 mg once daily for either 5 days (n = 218) or 7 days (n = 203).RESULTS: For the primary efficacy end point, clinical response to therapy at follow-up, 5 days of therapy with gemifloxacin was as effective as 7 days of therapy (per-protocol population; treatment difference 0.44%; 95% confidence interval (CI), −6.54 to 7.41). Five and 7 days of treatment with gemifloxacin were well tolerated.CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: The clinical efficacy of gemifloxacin 320 mg daily for 5 days is at least as good as the efficacy of gemifloxacin 320 mg daily for 7 days in the treatment of ABRS.
Prospecting for planets in circumstellar dust: sifting the evidence from β Pictoris

IRAS and near-IR coronographic data for the A5V star Beta Pic are analyzed for evidence of planetary formation. The light scattered from the central star in the system is integrated along the distance to the star to determine the disk magnitude at various distances from the star. A modified gamma distribution is applied to evaluate the scattering coefficient to test a hypothesis that the inner 30 AU of the disk has been swept out by planets. The scattering from the region around Beta Pic is compared with scattering around other A5V stars. Finally, the IR data at 0.89 micron is compared with scattering at the coronograph wavelengths. No evidence is found to support the hypothesis of clearing in the inner disk, although large particle densities can be found very close to Beta Pic. The study illustrates the effectiveness of using scattered light and IR data to discover and characterize matter distributions circumstellar disks.
Expected thermal deformation and wavefront preservation of a cryogenic Si monochromator for Cornell ERL beamlines

Cornell energy-recovery linac (ERL) beamlines will have higher power density and higher fractional coherence than those available at third-generation sources; therefore the capability of a monochromator for ERL beamlines has to be studied. A cryogenic Si monochromator is considered in this paper because the perfect atomic structure of Si crystal is needed to deliver highly coherent radiation. Since neither the total heat load nor the power density alone can determine the severity of crystal deformation, a metric called modified linear power density is used to gauge the thermal deformation. For all ERL undulator beamlines, crystal thermal deformation profiles are simulated using the finite-element analysis tool ANSYS, and wavefront propagations are simulated using Synchrotron Radiation Workshop. It is concluded that cryogenic Si monochromators will be suitable for ERL beamlines in general.
Castro's Cuba, Cuba's Fidel

Based on interviews conducted between 1958 and 1966, the book covers a wide range of topics, including aid to other revolutions, relations with the United States and the Soviet Union, and individual freedom in a Communist society.
FRACTIONATION OF BOVINE SPERMATOZOA FOR SEX SELECTION : A RAPID IMMUNOMAGNETIC TECHNIQUE TO REMOVE SPERMATOZOA THAT CONTAIN THE H-Y ANTIGEN

Abstract A study was conducted to rapidly fractionate bovine spermatozoa on the basis of cell-surface H-Y antigen (i.e., Y chromosome-bearing spermatozoa). A novel, rapid immunomagnetic method was developed for removal of spermatozoa that bound to anti-H-Y IgG. Fluorescent labeling and flow cytometry were used to measure the efficiency with which spermatozoa binding to anti-H-Y were removed by the immunomagnetic technique. Washed bovine spermatozoa (n=7 bulls) were treated with a mouse monoclonal IgG antibody to H-Y antigen (MoAb 12 49 ). Fluorescent labeled goat antibody against mouse IgG was added to label those spermatozoa with cell-surface H-Y antigens. Supermagnetized polymer beads coated with an anti-antibody to the MoAb 12 49 were then added to the spermatozoa. After 20 min of incubation, spermatozoa were exposed for 2 min to a magnet, causing the magnetized particles to adhere to the sides of the tube. Nonmagnetized spermatozoa in the supernatent were aspirated and analyzed for fluorescent label by flow cytometry. Approximately 50% of spermatozoa not subjected to immunomagnetic separation were fluorescent labeled, and about one-half of the spermatozoa were observed microscopically to be bound to the magnetized polymer beads prior to magnetic separation (P
Differential responses of alfalfa clones to aluminum‐toxic acid soil

Abstract Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) clones were selected by growing synthetic populations of AT‐4, B13‐AL4, AS‐4, and Williamsburg in Tatum soil (pH 4.5) and solution culture (pH 4.5, 111 μmol Al/L). Two‐month‐old clones were grown in a controlled growth room (28°C, 60% RH, 530 μmol/m2/s light for 14 h) at three levels of soil Al saturation (59%, 38%, and 0.3%) in a Porters soil (Umbrlc Dystrochrept) to evaluate differences in growth, nutrient uptake, and nutrient efficiency ratios (ER = shoot dry weight produced per unit of element in shoot). Shoot growth nutrient uptake and ER were significantly different with respect to soil Al saturation, clones, and their interactions. Overall shoot nutrient content showed significant (P<0.01) positive correlations with shoot weight and significant inverse relationships with shoot Al concentration and soil Al saturation. In general, ER values were inversely related to shoot Al concentration. Depending on the element involved, the correlations between ER and shoot d...
A bedside conversation with Wilder Penfield

From July 1, 1975 to June 30, 1976, I served as an intern in internal medicine at the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal, Quebec after graduating from Emory University School of Medicine. At that time, interns were still given their own on-call room. My pre-morning rounds ritual consisted of a
Calcineurin mediates bladder wall remodeling secondary to partial outlet obstruction

We hypothesized that the calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) pathway is activated following partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO), which would allow for pharmacologic treatme...
The Arabic textual traditions of Euclid's elements

Summaries Recently completed studies of book V and books VII-IX of the Arabic versions of Euclid's Elements indicate the necessity for a revision of the standard view of the Euclidean tradition in the Islamic world. Newly discovered manuscripts show that we have two distinct versions, each attributed to Ishāq ibn Hunayn (in the revision of Thābit ibn Qurrah) although the received tradition does not distinguish the two. A newly analyzed anonymous translation (now in Lenin-grad) appears to have ties to the lost translations of al-Hajjāj and may provide important information for reconstructing the main features of these lost versions.
An electron microprobe study of rat incisor teeth with low or high concentrations of strontium

Abstract Data accumulated with the electron microprobe has shown that strontium produces decreased mineralization and that an inverse relationship exists between strontium and calcium contents in the rat incisor tooth. Semi-quantitative data on the strontium, calcium and phosphorus contents of enamel and dentine are presented. Sagittal sections of the high-strontium teeth revealed gradients of increasing strontium contents from the incisal to apical areas with phosphorus contents that were relatively constant.
Delayed rectifier potassium channels in ventricle and sinoatrial node of the guinea pig: molecular and regulatory properties.

We focus on the regulatory properties of delayed rectifier K+ (IK) channels in guinea-pig sinoatrial node (SAN) and compare SAN IK to the better characterized ventricular IK. Despite demonstrated similarities in the properties of IK in guinea-pig ventricle and SAN, the possibility remains that expression of IK channels can vary regionally within the same heart. Like ventricular IK, SAN IK can be enhanced by beta-adrenergic stimulation and exposure to phorbol ester. However, in contrast to ventricular IK, regulation of SAN IK by protein kinases A and C is not temperature dependent. Basal SAN IK can be diminished by muscarinic agonists, while beta-adrenergic stimulation is a precondition for reduction of ventricular IK by cholinergic agonists. Nonstationary state fluctuation analysis predicts a small single-channel current (1 pA) and a large number of functional channels (308) associated with whole-cell SAN IK. The corresponding single-channel conductance of 6 pS is somewhat larger than that estimated for ventricular IK. Overall comparisons of guinea-pig ventricular and SAN IK to the current associated with the minK channel clone suggest that the native guinea-pig cardiac IK channels may be related not only to each other but also to the minK channel protein.
The effect of acid suppression on sleep patterns and sleep-related gastro-oesophageal reflux.

Summary Background : Several studies have demonstrated that night-time gastro-oesophageal reflux affects sleep quality, and thereby impairs daytime functioning. Aim : To determine whether treatment with a proton-pump inhibitor (rabeprazole) would improve both objective and subjective measures of sleep. Methods : Individuals with complaints of significant gastro-oesophageal reflux disease were studied by polysomnography and 24-h pH monitoring on two separate nights. On one occasion, participants received 20 mg rabeprazole b.d., and on another they received placebo. Both study conditions were preceded by a week of treatment with either rabeprazole or placebo. The order of treatments was randomized. Results : Rabeprazole significantly reduced overall acid reflux, but it did not significantly reduce night-time acid contact. Rabeprazole treatment significantly improved subjective indices of sleep quality. There were no significant differences on objective measures of sleep between placebo and rabeprazole treatment. Conclusions : Consistent with other studies of pharmacological treatments for gastro-oesophageal reflux, subjective measures of sleep improved with heartburn medication but objective measures were not affected.
Integrating Physical with Financial Measures for Managerial Controls

The article asserts that the responsibilities of operating management are sufficiently differentiated from those of lenders and investors to necessitate resort to a similarly differentiated structu...
A common genetic system for functional studies of pitrilysin and related M16A proteases

Pitrilysin is a bacterial protease that is similar to the mammalian insulin-degrading enzyme, which is hypothesized to protect against the onset of Alzheimer9s disease, and the yeast enzymes Axl1p and Ste23p, which are responsible for production of the a -factor mating pheromone in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . The lack of a phenotype associated with pitrilysin deficiency has hindered studies of this enzyme. Herein, we report that pitrilysin can be heterologously expressed in yeast such that it functionally substitutes for the shared roles of Axl1p and Ste23p in pheromone production, resulting in a readily observable phenotype. We have exploited this phenotype to conduct structure–function analyses of pitrilysin and report that residues within four sequence motifs that are highly conserved among M16A enzymes are essential for its activity. These motifs include the extended metalloprotease motif, a second motif that has been hypothesized to be important for the function of M16A enzymes, and two others not previously recognized as being important for pitrilysin function. We have also established that the two self-folding domains of pitrilysin are both required for its proteolytic activity. However, pitrilysin does not possess all the enzymatic properties of the yeast enzymes since it cannot substitute for the role of Axl1p in the repression of haploid invasive growth. These observations further support the utility of the yeast system for structure–function and comparative studies of M16A enzymes.
A high‐order finite difference discretization strategy based on extrapolation for convection diffusion equations

We propose a new high-order finite difference discretization strategy, which is based on the Richardson extrapolation technique and an operator interpolation scheme, to solve convection diffusion equations. For a particular implementation, we solve a fine grid equation and a coarse grid equation by using a fourth-order compact difference scheme. Then we combine the two approximate solutions and use the Richardson extrapolation to compute a sixth-order accuracy coarse grid solution. A sixth-order accuracy fine grid solution is obtained by interpolating the sixth-order coarse grid solution using an operator interpolation scheme. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficacy of the proposed finite difference discretization strategy, compared to the sixth-order combined compact difference (CCD) scheme, and the standard fourth-order compact difference (FOC) scheme. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 20: 18–32, 2004.
Two-dimension vs. three-dimension viewing in speechreading

Abstract The relatively low correlations between speechreading proficiency as measured by filmed tests and teacher's judgements may be due to differences in the depth of image. Two vs. three-dimensional factors were examined by having twenty subjects alternatively speechread the profile of a speaker as seen by silhouette and as seen normally. The normal-profile view produced significantly higher speechreading scores than the silhouette-profile view. Although the silhouette view is an unnatural on it is a pure two-dimension and it is speculated that the visual clues available to the speechreader are greater in a live situation than by film or television, and greater in a filmed or televised view than in a silhouette view.
Intestinal Obstruction by Distension of a Foley Jejunostomy Catheter

Jejunostomies can be effective in permitting postoperative nutritional support, particularly in the patient with complicated gastrointestinal disease. In the case presented, however, distension of the Foley balloon catheter, used as the jejunostomy tube, led to intestinal obstruction which was not initially detected. Following radiographic identification of the problem, removal of the air from the Foley balloon allowed the patient to complete his convalescence from surgery. The possibility of obstruction from the Foley jejunostomy catheter should be recognized as a potential problem in the postoperative period.
Child and Parent Perceptions of the Upsettingness of Major Life Events

An adaptation of the Coddington Social Readjustment Rating Scale for use with first-grade children was administered to 164 first-graders and their parents. Parents indicated whether each event occurred and both parents and their children rated the upsettingness to the child. Parent ratings of stress are significantly higher than child ratings for specific events and a composite stress measure. Parent and child composite scores correlated 0.21 when the number of events was controlled. Implications for research on life events and childhood stress are discussed.
Secondary teachers' conceptual metaphors of teaching and learning: Changes over the career span

Abstract Much has been written about the persistence of teacher beliefs upon entering and exiting preservice teacher education programs. Little research has explored teacher beliefs over the career span. Through an online survey instrument teachers (n = 110) choose which teaching metaphors most closely match their own under three conditions: upon first entering the profession, at present, and ideally. Analysis indicates that 63% of teachers changed their conception of teaching over time. While very experienced teachers began teaching with teacher-centered conceptual metaphors, over the course of their careers some move toward student-centered metaphors. Newer teachers have a tendency to begin with and aspire to student-centered conceptual metaphors. Teachers whose metaphors for current and desired practice differed identified obstacles to, and suggestions for, a better fit.
Coupled map lattices: some topological and ergodic properties

Abstract Lattice dynamical systems (LDSs) form the class of extended systems that is the intermediate one between partial differential equations (PDEs) and cellular automata. The most popular class of LDSs is formed by coupled map lattices (CMLs). While being introduced rather recently LDSs allowed already to clarify and to define exactly some notions that form the basis of the modern phenomenological theory of spatio-temporal dynamics and to obtain some new, and even rigorous results on space-time chaos, intermittency and pattern formation. We discuss the rigorous results that were obtained in this area, but eventually give also some applications.
Life on the River of Science

The year 2010 marked the Centennial of Mark Twain's death. More than any other American author, Twain exemplified the use of personal anecdotes to illustrate events in our nation's history. With this in mind, I will attempt to share my experiences in science, beginning one half-century ago, with a
An age structured population model in a spatially heterogeneous environment: Existence and uniqueness theory

Abstract This paper considers the existence and uniqueness of solutions of an age-structured population model in a spatially heterogeneous bounded environment. The model describes individual organism movement of diffusion and advection in the older life stage but assumes stationarity of individuals in the embryonic stage. The mathematical formulation is a nonlinear degenerate parabolic partial differential problem with non-locally integro-type initial-boundary conditions.