cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Meta-Analysis of Mental Health among Latino Adults: Elucidating Disparities from Differences

Abstract Latinos continue to experience disparities in access to treatment for mental health, and these appear to be worsening with time. This meta-analysis identified and compared studies (N=20): (1) Across Latino origin groups, (2) Across immigration-related characteristics, and (3) with non-Latino groups. For the first comparison, results consistently showed Puerto Ricans had the highest rate of utilization compared to their Mexican, Cuban, Central American, and Other counterparts. For the second comparison, U.S-born Latinos had higher utilization and mental health costs for services, as well as higher rate of depression/anxiety symptomatology compared to their immigrant counterparts. For the third comparison, results were not as consistent but trended towards lower/less rates by Latinos compared to non-Latino whites. More research is needed on the different Latino groups and across the acculturation spectrum if we are to understand disparities from differences in risk and service use among this heterogeneous group.
The Critical Role of Semantic Working Memory in Language Comprehension and Production.

Although research on the role of verbal working memory (WM) in language processing has focused on phonological maintenance, considerable evidence indicates that the maintenance of semantic informat...
Supercooling suppression of phase change liquid metal–polydimethylsiloxane soft composites

Supercooling is a critical issue of phase change liquid metal composites in their application as stiffness-tuning and shape memory materials because of the thermal hysteresis during heating–cooling cycles. Right now, researchers still have a poor understanding of the supercooling behavior of liquid metal composites; and there have not been any successful attempts to suppress their supercooling effect. The aims of this work are to investigate factors that affect supercooling of Field's metal particles and composites and to find methods that can suppress this supercooling effect. We found that the supercooling behavior is strongly affected by particle sizes, polymer matrix, alloy compositions, and oxide impurities.
Hierarchical Robust Adaptive Control for Wind Turbines with Actuator Fault.

This paper solves the problem of regulating the rotor speed tracking error for wind turbines in the full-load region by an effective robust-adaptive control strategy. The developed controller compensates for the uncertainty in the control input effectiveness caused by a pitch actuator fault, unmeasurable wind disturbance, and nonlinearity in the model. Wind turbines have multi-layer structures such that the high-level structure is nonlinearly coupled through an aggregation of the low-level control authorities. Hence, the control design is divided into two stages. First, an $\mathcal{L}_2$ controller is designed to attenuate the influence of wind disturbance fluctuations on the rotor speed. Then, in the low-level layer, a controller is designed using a proposed adaptation mechanism to compensate for actuator faults. The theoretical results show that the closed-loop equilibrium point of the regulated rotor speed tracking error dynamics in the high level is finite-gain $\mathcal{L}_2$ stable, and the closed-loop error dynamics in the low level is globally asymptotically stable. Simulation results show that the developed controller significantly reduces the root mean square of the rotor speed error compared to some well-known works, despite the largely fluctuating wind disturbance, and the time-varying uncertainty in the control input effectiveness.
Reasons of the Incremental Information in the Updating Spatial Database

In order to quickly extract and distribute the incremental information of spatial database, this work analyses the reasons of incremental information of spatial database with the instance of residential feature. Firstly, a new concept of increment is proposed based on the spatio-temporal change type and data delta. The change type describes the semantics of increment information and data delta describes the content of increment information. Based on this concept, the types of residential change and relevant data deltas are put forward. There are two catalogs of change type, i.e. subjective change and objective change. The subjective change can be detailedly divided into 3 small change types and the objective change can be detailedly divided into 12 small change types. Additionally, the incremental information resulted from the objective change is formalized. Based on the above formalized changes, the automatic extraction of incremental information can be expediently programmed. The classifying result was applied to the incremental information automatic extracting system of 1.250,000 topographic databases.
Isolation and Characterization of the α Helical Regions of Epidermal Prekeratin

Abstract 1. Epidermal prekeratin, which has a molecular weight of 640,000 and an α helix content of about 40%, has been subjected to a specific procedure involving limited tryptic digestion. Upon acidification, the digest yielded a highly α helical precipitate which contained all of the α helix of prekeratin, and a supernatant. 2. The redissolved precipitate was separable by Sephadex G-200 chromatography into major α helical Fractions I and II and minor non-α helical Fractions III and IV. Fraction II was produced in increasing amounts by cleavage of Fraction I and was a relatively stable product of proteolysis. 3. Isolated Fraction II was 83% α helical and exhibited a large degree of size homogeneity. It had a molecular weight of 46,400, a length of about 200 A, and was enriched in "helix-favoring" residues. It had three NH2-terminal amino acids and, in sodium dodecyl sulfate or urea solutions, dissociated into three chains which had molecular weights of 17,000, 15,200, and 15,000, and were present in the estimated ratio of 1.00:1.07:0.89. The three chains in the Fraction II molecule were shown to be arranged side-by-side and to interact solely through secondary forces. 4. The material in the supernatant of the acidified digest was enriched in "helix-inhibiting" residues. 5. It was concluded that the α helix of prekeratin occurs in discrete regions, about 200 A long, which consist of a continuous or segmented triple α helix. Between these regions are non-α helical regions in which "helix-inhibiting" residues are preferentially located.
Biochemistry and Genetics of Galactose Metabolism in Group H Streptococcus Strain Challis

Abstract Galactose-negative mutants of the group H Streptococcus strain Challis were obtained by treatment with nitrosoguanidine. Enzyme assays of extracts of these mutants revealed that 12 of the mutants were lacking one of the enzymes of the Leloir pathway. Thus, the Leloir pathway is the major means of galactose metabolism in strain Challis. In addition, uridyl diphosphate galactose pyrophosphorylase, a permease function, and at least one other function are required for the utilization of galactose. The enzymes of the Leloir pathway are induced by galactose and fucose; no compounds which act as repressors of these enzymes have been found, although the system appears to be sensitive to catabolite repression. Transformation was used to map the mutants. The genes for galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase and glucose-4-epimerase appear to be closely linked. Within the transferase gene, six mutations have been mapped. The permease function and the undetermined functions are not linked to the Leloir pathway.
Allen M. Omoto and Howard S. Kurtzman: Sexual Orientation and Mental Health: Examining Identity and Development in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People

Sexual orientation has been explored and studied by psychologists and researchers as evident by the book Sexual Orientation and Mental Health: Examining Identity and Development in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People edited by Allen M. Omoto and Howard S. Kurtzman. This excellent volume is a must have resource for psychologists, seasoned or early career, who are working in the areas of mental health, substance abuse, and selfidentity development with individuals who are lesbian, gay, or bisexual. Each of the chapters are well written, easy to read, and provide opportunities for discussion and future research directions even for the next generation of psychologists interested in this area. Therefore, this volume can be a very useful textbook for graduate courses specializing in sexual orientation. Additionally, this book also suggests that psychologists and researchers today have an easier access to such populations than in past decades to conduct research in order to understand the needs in mental health of this specific population despite societal misunderstandings. This book is divided into two sections, one focusing on youth and the other on adults. Each section presents interesting and significant research findings such as in the chapter by D’Augelli who discusses youths being aware of their same-sex feelings starting approximately the age of 10 and self-labeling their sexual orientation 5 years later, and in the chapter by Diamond who discusses sexual identity development and sexual questioning as a continuous process for females. In the adult section of the book, Matthews, Hughes, and Tartaro describe research about lesbians being more likely to seek mental health for sexual problems than heterosexuals, in the chapter by Diaz, Bein, and Ayala, they investigate ethnic groups such as Latino gay men. Another chapter by Sterk and Elifson discusses lesbians who are African Amercian. While this text is culturally diverse in sexual orientation and discusses bisexuality, one population missing from this book are individuals with disabilities who are gay, lesbian and bisexual. Several years of outstanding research work is represented in this book which provides an understanding about early years when discrimination and stigma of sexual orientation
Costs of medical and surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer

Proximal gastric vagotomy and intermittent and maintenance therapy with H2-antagonists have all been claimed to be effective in long-term management of duodenal ulcer disease. The model of a Markov chain was used to compare their costs by a medical decision analysis. The high price of the initial procedure made proximal gastric vagotomy the most expensive therapy, its costs rising from +10,600 after 1 yr to +12,200 after 15 yr. The average costs of intermittent therapy per patient rose from +500 to +7500. Maintenance therapy cost as much as intermittent therapy but provided 8% and 4% more time spent free of ulcer relapse and pain, respectively. In a sensitivity analysis, the order of the therapeutic options regarding their cost-effectiveness remained robust to changes in the assumptions underlying the model. In a European health care system, the initial surgical procedure cost only one-seventh of the average annual income compared with two-thirds in the United States, and proximal gastric vagotomy turned out to be the cheapest therapy after 6 yr. These results suggest that maintenance therapy provides the best long-term management. Gastric surgery may represent a cost-effective measure of ulcer prevention in Europe but not in the United States.
Efficient modeling of photonic crystal structures under diffuse light illumination

In order to efficiently model and optimize photonic crystal structures under diffuse light we have to first develop a simulation tool to generate a spatially incoherent source. Here we present a new technique for modeling wide-band spatially incoherent source and implement this technique using finite difference time-domain (FDTD) method. We compare this new method with the conventional method of simulating an incoherent source. We show that this method reduces the computation time by more than one order of magnitude with less than 10% error.
Sex steroid effects on extrahypothalamic CNS. I. Estrogen augments neuronal responsiveness to iontophoretically applied glutamate in the cerebellum

The purpose of this study was to test whether 17 beta-estradiol (E2) could alter neuronal activity or responsiveness to iontophoretically applied amino acid neurotransmitters in an area not reported to contain classical E2 receptors. Such a region is the cerebellum, which was selected as a model system for these studies because it has been well characterized electrophysiologically. Extracellular activity of cerebellar Purkinje neurons was recorded from urethane-anesthetized, adult, ovariectomized rats using multibarrel glass micropipets. Spontaneous firing rate and responses of single units to microiontophoretic pulses (10 s pulses every 40 s) of GABA (10-50 nA) or glutamate (GLUT, 3-40 nA) were examined before, during and after iontophoretic (0.25 mM 17 beta-estradiol hemisuccinate) or jugular i.v. (100, 300 or 1000 ng/kg 17 beta-estradiol) administration of E2. Both modes of E2 administration resulted in a significant increase in Purkinje cell excitatory responses to GLUT, independent of the direction of change in spontaneous firing rate. This effect was seen as early as one minute after iontophoretic application of E2 and 10-40 min following i.v. E2. In all cases, recovery to the control level of response was not observed by 2 h following E2 administration. 17 alpha-E2 (300 ng/kg) resulted in a less pronounced, transient increase in GLUT response, while a lower dose (100 ng/kg) did not have any effect. Prior administration of the anti-estrogen tamoxifen did not prevent any of the observed E2 effects. In addition, estrogen-priming did not alter E2-induced potentiation of GLUT responses. In contrast to the effect of E2 on GLUT responsiveness, GABA-mediated inhibition of Purkinje cells was either increased, antagonized or unchanged following E2 application. In summary, this study suggests the hypothesis that circulating levels of E2 may alter neuronal sensitivity to specific neurotransmitter substances within the cerebellar circuitry.
On the nuclear magnetic shielding in the hydrogen molecule

A simplified method is discussed for calculations of proton shielding in molecules by using wave functions which are constructed from gauge invariant atomic orbitals. The method is applied to the hydrogen molecule by means of a simple lcao mo description. The computed total nuclear shielding constant is 3·2×10−5.
Power and the perception of social networks

Previous work has led to divergent conclusions about how power affects the accuracy of network perceptions in groups and organizations. This paper develops and tests an argument linking higher power to less accurate network perception. Results from the first experiment showed that, relative to participants primed with high power, those primed with low power had more accurate perceptions of who was tied to whom in novel networks. The second experiment demonstrated that such differences in perceptual accuracy do not emerge for non-social relations.
γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes drive tumor necrosis factor‐α responsiveness to intestinal iron challenge: relevance to hemochromatosis

The dependence of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) growth and differentiation on intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) expressing the gamma/delta (gamma delta) T-cell receptor (TCR), suggested a potential role for gamma delta + IELs in the regulation of iron absorption. We therefore examined the levels of hepatic iron and the IEL cytokine responses in C57BL/6J control and class I and TCR knockout lines (placed on a C57BL/6J genetic background) following the administration of supplemental dietary iron. The highest level of liver iron was found in the beta 2-microglobulin knockout (beta 2m-/-) mice followed by the TCR-delta knockout (TCR delta-/-) animals. TCR-alpha knockout (TCR alpha-/-) and control animals did not differ in their iron levels. Liver iron loading correlated inversely with the ability of the mice to generate an IEL tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha response. These observations suggest a model in which IEC iron loading is communicated to IELs via the HFE class I protein. The result of this communication is the initiation of TNF-alpha release by gamma delta + IELs (sustained by macrophages and dendritic cells) contributing to the upregulation of ferritin expression and possibly to the normal maintenance of the IEC apoptotic pathway.
Samuel Holland's Plan Of Cape Breton

The author describes Samuel Holland's survey of Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, made between 1765 and 1768. Captain Holland was appointed Surveyor-General of the Northern District in 1764, as part of the British attempt to assess their greatly expanded domains in North America. The Cape Breton portion of his task caused Holland severe losses of men and equipment which he overcame through the use of carefully selected crews and with the generous help of leading colonial officers. As the survey progressed, Holland periodically sent maps and reports back to England, culminating in his final "A Description of the Island of Cape Britain" accompanied by a large plan. The map and all four previously known variants disappeared by 1955. Finally, a sixth copy was discovered in the papers of General Thomas Gage after their purchase by the William L. Clements Library. This map is a colored manuscript measuring 371 × 261 inches, reduced approximately five times from the official size. Despite the reduction, Gage's plan is v...
Compiling to avoid communication

Future computing system designs will be constrained by power density and total system energy, and will require new programming models and implementation strategies. Data movement in the memory system and interconnect will dominate running time and energy costs, making communication cost reduction the primary optimization criteria for compilers. Communication cost can be divided into latency costs, which are per communication event, and bandwidth costs, which grow with total communication volume.
Dexamethasone and stressor-magnitude regulation of stress-induced transcription of HPA axis secretagogues in the rat.

Regulation of the production of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis secretagogues, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP), may be differentially sensitive to the negative feedback effects of glucocorticoids. We chose to study this phenomenon by examining the ability of dexamethasone to influence CRH and AVP heteronuclear RNA (hnRNA) levels in an escapable/inescapable (ES/IS) foot-shock stress paradigm. On Day 1, adult male rats were subjected to either ES or IS foot-shock; on Day 2, saline or dexamethasone (100 μg/kg) was administered 2 h prior to the stressor. We found that ES/IS foot-shock stimulated similar robust increases in plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone concentrations, and medial parvocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus (mpPVN) AVP and CRH hnRNA and c-fos mRNA levels in saline-treated ES/IS rats. Dexamethasone pretreatment suppressed ACTH and corticosterone levels similarly in IS and ES animals. Dexamethasone pretreatme...
SU-F-BRD-10: Lung IMRT Planning Using Standardized Beam Bouquet Templates

Purpose: We investigate the feasibility of choosing from a small set of standardized templates of beam bouquets (i.e., entire beam configuration settings) for lung IMRT planning to improve planning efficiency and quality consistency, and also to facilitate automated planning. Methods: A set of beam bouquet templates is determined by learning from the beam angle settings in 60 clinical lung IMRT plans. A k-medoids cluster analysis method is used to classify the beam angle configuration into clusters. The value of the average silhouette width is used to determine the ideal number of clusters. The beam arrangements in each medoid of the resulting clusters are taken as the standardized beam bouquet for the cluster, with the corresponding case taken as the reference case. The resulting set of beam bouquet templates was used to re-plan 20 cases randomly selected from the database and the dosimetric quality of the plans was evaluated against the corresponding clinical plans by a paired t-test. The template for each test case was manually selected by a planner based on the match between the test and reference cases. Results: The dosimetric parameters (mean±S.D. in percentage of prescription dose) of the plans using 6 beam bouquet templates and those ofmore » the clinical plans, respectively, and the p-values (in parenthesis) are: lung Dmean: 18.8±7.0, 19.2±7.0 (0.28), esophagus Dmean: 32.0±16.3, 34.4±17.9 (0.01), heart Dmean: 19.2±16.5, 19.4±16.6 (0.74), spinal cord D2%: 47.7±18.8, 52.0±20.3 (0.01), PTV dose homogeneity (D2%-D99%): 17.1±15.4, 20.7±12.2 (0.03).The esophagus Dmean, cord D02 and PTV dose homogeneity are statistically better in the plans using the standardized templates, but the improvements (<5%) may not be clinically significant. The other dosimetric parameters are not statistically different. Conclusion: It's feasible to use a small number of standardized beam bouquet templates (e.g. 6) to generate plans with quality comparable to that of clinical plans. Partially supported by NIH/NCI under grant #R21CA161389 and a master research grant by Varian Medical System.« less
Coral reef growth in an era of rapidly rising sea level: predictions and suggestions for long-term research

Coral reef growth is intimately linked to sea level. It has been postulated that over the next century, sea level will rise at a probable average rate of 15 mm/year, in response to fossil fuel emissions, heating, and melting of the Antarctic ice cap. This predicted rate of sea level rise is five times the present modal rate of vertical accretion on coral reef flats and 50% greater than the maximum vertical accretion rates apparently attained by coral reefs. We use these predictions and observations to offer the following hypothesis for reef growth over the next century. The vertical accretion rates of protected reef flats will accelerate from the present modal rate up to the maximum rate, in response to the more rapidly rising sea level. This more rapid vertical accretion rate will be insufficient to keep up with sea level rise, if present predictions prove to be correct. Less protected reef flats will slow their rate of growth as they become inundated and subjected to erosion by progressively larger waves. This projected sea level rise and postulated reef response will provide an opportunity for long-term studies of the response of coral reef systems to a predictable and measurable forcing function. If the scientific benefits from this uncontrolled global experiment are to be maximized, it will be necessary to establish a permanent international coordinating body to assist with the identification and preservation of long-term study sites and to provide guidelines for baseline data surverys, methods selection and comparison, and other procedures and decisions.
Conditions for the Vernal Increase in the Phytoplankton and a Supposed Lag in the Process

IN his recent discussion of the fertility of ocean waters, Harvey1 mentions that "A phenomenon which seems to lack explanation is the time at which phytolankton start to increase rapidly at the beginning of the year", for by mid-winter all the known nutrient salts have been regenerated and, in spite of the bright light of spring, the steep increase in the phytoplankton, as shown by the decrease in phosphate, becomes apparent in the English Channel normally only between March and April, and even much later elsewhere. He mentions the well-known effect of turbulence in carrying the cells down into regions of low illumination, and suggests that there are unrecognized factors controlling the inception of growth in some areas. Sverdrup2 also states: "This conditioning of the water may well be a factor in the initial outburst of phytoplankton growth when other conditions are optimum"; thus he also alludes to an unknown factor.
RESEARCH: "Measuring Private Prayer: Development, Validation, and Clinical Application of the Multidimensional Prayer Inventory"

A theoretically derived, empirically validated multidimensional inventory of prayer is described. Both quantitative and qualitative aspects of prayer are measured, including occurrence, weekly frequency, daily frequency, duration, type (adoration, confession, thanksgiving, supplication, reception), and level of faith in the effects of prayer. Results revealed the posited 5 distinct types of prayer, along with acceptable internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant utility. Furthermore, several aspects of prayer were related to healthy adjustment for patients with arthritis.
Creating partnerships and improving health care: The role of genetic advocacy groups

Twenty-one years ago, our pediatrician called to ask me to stop by his office to pick up some laboratory results. My daughter Elizabeth had been born 6 weeks earlier with a severe bilateral cleft lip/palate and metatarsus adductus. These findings prompted closer scrutiny, and in our postpartum week in the hospital, many consultants were called in and tests were ordered. The fact that 6 weeks later the pediatrician was calling to tell me that results were in and ready to be picked up was not a surprise. Because Elizabeth's development seemed pretty normal, I was expecting to get a pile of normal results that would need to be filed in her rapidly expanding medical chart. I was not prepared for the news he was about to deliver.
Efficient Voltage Regulation for Microprocessor Cores Stacked in Vertical Voltage Domains

Due to exponential (Moores law) scaling of advanced CMOS technologies, the challenges associated with delivering power to performance and mobile computing systems are outpacing the capabilities of conventional voltage regulator (VR) topologies. To continue to scale throughput at constant power density, the level of parallelism in microprocessor architectures is expected to increase substantially. In this paper, we present a power conversion topology to provide independent multicore regulation in the 0.8–1.4 V range from a 12-V dc bus. The topology uses a multistage ladder converter to manage power delivery to digital circuits stacked in vertical voltage domains. This approach has several advantages with regard to systems efficiency as it allows a more moderate conversion ratio of the main dc–dc converter. Moreover, the parallel converter only needs to process a fraction of the power of each core as the current can be “recycled” by adjacent cores in the stack. We develop a dynamical model for a multiple-input, multiple-output control scheme that uses a simple integral-control law, augmented with fast voltage- and current-mode feedforward. Measurement results of a discrete prototype verify the control scheme and demonstrate the potential advantages in system efficiency but also emphasize the remaining challenges in meeting stringent VR dynamic response requirements.
Space-time autocorrelation function for reverberation propagation in a dispersive medium

We obtain the space-time autocorrelation function for a reverberation model that is constructed by the superposition of elementary signals. This is done by defining a four-dimensional Wigner spectrum which is a function of space, wavenumber, position and frequency.
Rhetoric and Practice in Pre-Service Teacher Education: The Case of Teach for America.

Teach For America (TFA), an organization that places college graduates in urban and rural classrooms for two-year terms of service, is lauded by reformers who see its five-week summer training institute as evidence that teachers have little to learn before entering classrooms. Yet, while boosters see TFA as a radical alternative to traditional teacher education, a look at the evolution of their increasingly robust summer training model hardly affirms that perception. In fact, much of what is done in the summer institute parallels the work of traditional teacher education programs in the USA – a surprising state of affairs given the rhetoric of so many TFA supporters. This project traces the evolution of TFA’s summer training institute across two decades, highlighting the growing divide between TFA’s outward-facing image and its actual work. Framing TFA’s summer institute as a case study for examining the relationship between rhetoric and practice in education, the article raises broader questions about ho...
The stereochemistry of the addition of dichlorosilane to acetylenes

Abstract The stereochemistry of the addition of dichlorosilane to five substituted acetylenes was studied in the presence of three catalyst systems: chloroplatinic acid, platinum on carbon, and benzoyl peroxide. Platinum-catalyzed additions proceeded in a stereospecific cis fashion yielding trans adducts. Products of additions to terminal acetylenes also included internal adducts and novel bis-( trans -dialkenyl)dichlorosilanes. A large excess of dichlorosilane was necessary to minimize formation of the bis adducts since the mono adducts seemed to added to the acetylenes more rapidly than dichlorosilane itself. Both the yields and ratio of the internal (addition to C-2) to trans terminal adducts were remarkably similar for both platinum catalyst systems. Peroxide-catalyzed additions gave predominantly cis adducts except for 3,3-dimethyl-l-butyne which gave largely trans . It was demonstrated that the cis adduct in this case was in part isomerized to trans in the presence of dichlorosilane and benzoyl peroxide and that a portion was diverted to high-boiling materials.
Reversible modification of arginine residues with glyoxal.

Glyoxal reacts with arginine to yield several ninhydrin reactive adducts. One of these, the product favored in strongly acidic solutions, decomposes in the presence of o-phenylenediamine with regeneration of free arginine. Reversible modification of an arginine residue in a peptide has been demonstrated. The conditions for reversibly blocking the guanidino group with glyoxal differ in some respects from those reported for reversible blocking of arginine sidechains with cyclohexanedione. It appears that the two dicarbonyl reagents, glyoxal and cyclohexanedione, might be complementary in their applications to reversible protein modification and to polypeptide semisynthesis.
Synthesis and structure of a microporous aluminogermanate with the zeolite rho topology

Abstract A microporous aluminogermanate possessing zeolite rho framework topology has been synthesized from sodium and cesium containing gel mixtures. The dehydrated material of composition Na 16 Cs 8 Al 24 Ge 24 O 96 has been structurally characterized via combined Rietveld analysis of synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction data collected on a powdered sample. It has a cubic unit cell with a 0 =14.6738(2) A and adopts space group I 23, showing strict alternation of aluminum and germanium in the framework. The structural parameters are compared with those derived for other materials possessing rho topology.
Microanalysis of Hafnian Zircon

As revealed by FE-SEM and electron probe microanalysis, we report that hafnian zircon (Zr,Hf)SiO_4 with Hf/Zr atomic ratio up to 1.0 is present in the famous Stewart pegmatite, Pala District, San Diego County, California. The Stewart mine, as part of the gem-bearing and rare element- bearing granitic pegmatites in Southern California, has been mined for pink tourmaline and purple lepidolite for over a century. Zircon is known to be one of the most important minerals for dating rocks and studying trace element geochemistry. Hafnian zircon and hafnon (HfSiO_4) are rare in nature. This investigation is to understand the occurrence, composition and genesis of hafnian zircon, which may insight as to how the Stewart pegmatite and various pink tourmalines formed.
Psychopharmacology of aggression in children and adolescents with autism: a critical review of efficacy and tolerability.

ABSTRACT Background: Autism is characterized by a clinical triad of symptoms that affect social, language, and behavioral domains. Aggression and self-injury may be associated symptoms of autism and can result in significant harm to those affected as well as marked distress for their families. The precise nature of the relationship between aggressive or self-injurious behavior (SIB) and autism remains unclear and as a result, these symptoms are treated with a broad range of pharmacological approaches. This review seeks to systematically and critically examine the evidence for the pharmacological management of aggression and SIB in children with autism spectrum disorders. Method: The entire PubMed database was searched for English language biomedical articles on clinical trials with medication in autism spectrum disorders. Studies were selected based on the following inclusion criteria: (1) randomized placebo-controlled trials; (2) a sample population that included children and adolescents; (3) at least on...
Inference-Based Na&#x00EF;ve Bayes: Turning Na&#x00EF;ve Bayes Cost-Sensitive

A fundamental challenge for developing a cost-sensitive Naive Bayes method is how to effectively classify an instance based on the cost-sensitive threshold computed under the assumption of knowing the instance's true classification probabilities and the highly biased estimations of these probabilities by the Naive Bayes method. To address this challenge, we develop a cost-sensitive Naive Bayes method from a novel perspective of inferring the order relation (e.g., greater than or equal to, less than) between an instance's true classification probability of belonging to the class of interest and the cost-sensitive threshold. Our method learns and infers the order relation from the training data and classifies the instance based on the inferred order relation. We empirically show that our proposed method significantly outperforms major existing methods for turning Naive Bayes cost-sensitive through experiments with UCI data sets and a real-world case study.
DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF WURTZITE AND ZINCBLENDE STRUCTURE GALLIUM NITRIDE

Abstract We present calculated results for the wavevector and frequency dependent dielectric functions of zincblende and wurtzite GaN based on empirical pseudopotential band structures. The q → -dependent static dielectric functions, ϵ∞( q → ), are found to be similar for the two crystal modifications. The optical dielectric functions, ϵ∞(ω), however, are different in the range 6 eV
Correlates of Health Literacy among Latinos in Arkansas

Although research on acculturation and its effects on Latino health continue to grow, there is a dearth of knowledge on how acculturation levels shape health literacy. Health literacy is an important aspect of health to consider with the Latino population because a number of studies have found that this group has the lowest levels of health literacy in the United States. The purpose of this study was to examine how acculturation and sociodemographic characteristics contribute to the health literacy of Latinos adults. Cross-sectional data was collected from a nonprobability sample of 123 Latinos living in various Arkansas communities. Multiple regression results suggest that Latinos who were more acculturated and were educated beyond high school were significantly more likely to have increased levels of health literacy. Findings also show that age, gender, income, and citizenship status were not significant predictors of health literacy. Implications and future research are discussed.
Search for Double Beta Decay in Cadmium and Molybdenum

Random Wilson cloud-chamber photographs of cadmium and molybdenum foils show that the double negatron half-life is greater than or equal to 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{17}$ years in ${\mathrm{Cd}}^{116}$ and 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{17}$ years in ${\mathrm{Mo}}^{100}$, and that the double positron half-life is greater than or equal to 6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{16}$ years in ${\mathrm{Cd}}^{106}$ and 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{18}$ years in ${\mathrm{Mo}}^{92}$. The background appears to be primarily caused by Compton electrons and photoelectrons ejecting other electrons on their way out of the foil and by photons that suffer two Compton scatterings while traversing the foil.
Weights of irreducible cyclic codes

With any fixed prime number p and positive integer N , not divisible by p , there is associated an infinite sequence of cyclic codes. In a previous article it was shown that a theorem of Davenport-Hasse reduces the calculation of the weight distributions for this whole sequence of codes to a single calculation (essentially that of calculating the weight distribution for the simplest code of the sequence). The primary object of this paper is the development of machinery which simplifies this remaining calculation. Detailed examples are given. In addition, tables are presented which essentially solve the weight distribution problem for all such binary codes with N
Nonenzymatic Glucosylation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Alters Its Biologic Activity

Human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was glucosylated by incubation in vitro with glucose (20-80 mM) with or without addition of cyanoborohydride. The incorporation of covalently bound glucose was linear over time, and amino acid analysis showed the presence of glucosyllysine residues. The glucosylated LDL (glc LDL) moved more rapidly than normal LDL on agarose electrophoresis. The rate of degradation of 125I-labeled glucosylated LDL (glc LDL) by cultured human fibroblasts was reduced compared with that of native I-LDL, the difference increasing with extent of glucosylation. Effects were seen with blockage of as few as 6-15% of the LDL lysine residues; high-affinity degradation was completely lost when one-third of the lysine residues were blocked. Conjugation of LDL with glucose-6-phosphate also blocked high-affinity uptake and degradation. Whereas native LDL uptake inhibited the activity of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and stimulated acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase activity, glc LDL had no effects on these enzymes. The fractional catabolic rate of glc LDL in guinea pigs was reduced. Degradation of glc LDL by mouse peritoneal macrophages was not significantly faster than that of native LDL. Finally, the presence of glc LDL in human plasma was demonstrated. Preliminary data show that 1.3% of lysine residues in normal LDL and 2-5.3% of lysines in diabetic LDL were glucosylated. Since, like other plasma proteins, LDL undergoes glucosylation in diabetes, its turnover and sites of catabolism may differ from normal and this may be relevant to the accelerated atherosclerosis of diabetes.
Theory of the solar magnetic cycle wave in the diurnal variation of energetic cosmic rays: Physical basis of the anisotropy

It is proposed that the so-called 20-year wave in the diurnal variation of energetic cosmic rays is a consequence of the likely average odd symmetry of the interplanetary magnetic field about the solar equatorial plane. We assume that the magnetic field in each hemisphere of the solar magnetic cavity has the same average sense as the polar magnetic field at the corresponding solar pole. By considering the motion of energetic particles near the average plane of symmetry we find, with no further assumptions, that the direction, period, and phase of a 20-year wave in the diurnal anisotropy are implied. These implications agree with the observed variation of the diurnal anisotropy over a period of the full solar magnetic cycle. We give a simplified analytic computational model of the proposed mechanism and use it to calculate some further properties of the wave in a simple way. On the basis of this model we calculate the energy dependence of the anisotropy and find that it is in agreement with the observations.
Lifestyle behaviors in black and white women with a family history of breast cancer.

Abstract Objectives To examine lifestyle behaviors among non-Hispanic Black and White women with a family history of breast cancer and determine the extent to which they meet American Cancer Society (ACS) Nutrition and Physical Activity Recommendations for Breast Cancer Prevention. Method Cross-sectional data from 44,364 women enrolled in the Sister Study (2009), a study of sisters of women with breast cancer within the U.S., were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were used to examine body mass index and lifestyle behaviors (e.g., exercise, diet, and smoking) and to determine percentages of women meeting ACS recommendations. Results Black women consumed a lower percentage of calories from fat (mean 36.90% vs. 37.17%) and were more likely to meet ACS alcohol recommendations than Whites. White women consumed more fruits and vegetables/day (mean 4.81 vs. 4.41) than Black women and were more likely to meet ACS guidelines for physical activity (26.4% vs. 18.2%) and body mass index (42.5% vs. 16.7%). Conclusion Despite an elevated risk for breast cancer due to a family history of breast cancer, the majority of women were no more likely than women in the general population to engage in healthy lifestyle behaviors. These women may benefit from lifestyle behavior risk-reduction counseling.
Experimental demonstration of non-majority, nanomagnet logic gates

Lithographically defined magnets can process and move information in a cellular, locally interconnected architecture. Wires, majority gates, and inversion have all been demonstrated at room temperature1 (fig. 1a-c), and it is estimated that if 1010 magnets switch 108 times/s, the magnets themselves would dissipate only about 0.1 W of power1. Local clock fields required for switching, as well as I/O, can be realized with CMOS circuitry.
Enzymatic Characterization of the Matrix Vesicle Alkaline Phosphatase Isolated from Bovine Fetal Epiphyseal Cartilage

Purified matrix vesicle alkaline phosphatase from bovine fetal epiphyseal cartilage hydrolyzes a variety of phosphate esters as well as ATP and PPi. Optimal activities forp-nitrophenyl phosphate, ATP, and PPi are found at pH 10.5, 10.0, and 8.5, respectively. The latter two substrates exhibit substrate inhibition at high concentrations.p-Nitrophenyl phosphate demonstrates decreasing pH optima with decreasing substrate concentration. Heat inactivation studies indicate that both phosphorohydrolytic and pyrophosphorolytic cleavage occur at the same site on the enzyme. Mg2+ and Hg2+ ions inhibit thep-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity at pH 10.5 while Mn2+ ions show no effect. Pi, levamisole, CN−, Zn2+, Ca2+ ions, and L-phenylalanine are reversible inhibitors of the phosphomonoesterase activity. Pi is a linear noncompetitive inhibitor with a Ki of 8.0 mM. Levamisole and L-phenylalanine are uncompetitive inhibitors with inhibition constants of 0.02 and 39.4 mM, respectively. Ca2+ ions inhibit noncompetitively with a Ki of 9.3 mM. Zn2+ ion is a potent noncompetitive inhibitor with an inhibition constant of 0.026 mM. The enzyme is inhibited irreversibly by Be2+ ion, EDTA, EGTA, ethane-l-hydroxydiphosphonate, dichloromethanediphosphonate, L-cysteine, and N-ethylmaleimide. NaCl, KCl, and Na2SO4 at 0.5–1.0 M inhibit the enzyme.
Effect of couple illness perception congruence on psychological adjustment in women with rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: To characterize similarities and differences in illness perceptions between women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and their husbands, and examine whether illness perception congruence predicted wives' subsequent psychological adjustment. Design: Women with RA and their husbands (N = 190 couples) recruited from community and clinical settings completed mailed surveys at baseline and 4-month follow-up. Main Outcome Measures: Data for this investigation included illness perceptions in partners and illness severity, marital variables, and psychological adjustment in wives. Results: In general, wives and husbands had similar views of RA. Couple congruence concerning women's personal control over RA and its cyclic nature predicted better psychological adjustment in women 4 months later. Post hoc tests showed better psychological adjustment in wives from couples with similar optimistic beliefs about personal control, illness coherence, and RA consequences, when compared to those in couples with similar pessimistic beliefs. Furthermore, when partners disagreed about RA's consequences, wives fared better when husbands overestimated rather than underestimated their beliefs. In contrast, couple congruence about the emotions and timeline of RA was unrelated to adjustment. Conclusion: It may be important for husbands to understand wives' views on their control over RA and its cyclic nature. Furthermore, wives may benefit when they share optimistic views with their husbands about RA, and when their husbands avoid underestimating RA's consequences. Developing interventions to enhance partners' illness understanding may be beneficial.
Primary autologous superficial femoral vein reconstruction of an emergency, infected, ruptured aortic aneurysm.

A 72-year-old male presented to a nearby hospital with a four-day history of abdominal pain radiating Fig. 1. Air is seen within the contained rupture – indicated by arrow. through to the back, associated with nausea and vomiting. Initial examination had been unremarkable and a provisional diagnosis of recurrent peptic ulcer disease On arrival at the receiving hospital, the patient was was made. His white blood cell count was 17.4 10/l haemodynamically stable and was transferred to the (neutrophils 14.8) and haemoglobin 14.8 g/dl. An operating room for an emergency repair of his anupper gastro-intestinal endoscopy was performed eurysm. At operation a contained proximal rupture showing gastritis and multiple superficial ulceration. was found. Pus and arterial blood were oozing from However, over the next few days the patient became the aneurysm sac. The aneurysm was controlled by progressively pyrexial and confused. Blood and urine direct pressure (ST) but not clamped whilst the right cultures both grew E. coli. His back pain worsened SFV was harvested from its origin to the adductor and he was investigated by CT scan which showed a canal (BE and SF). The vein was modified with a ruptured infrarenal aortic aneurysm containing gas proximal and distal patch and sutured into place as within the sac (Fig. 1). an aortic tube graft following debridement of all the infected tissue (Fig. 2). A strip of omentum was sutured surrounding the graft within the closed sack remnants. Please address all correspondence to: S. Thrush, Department of Vascular Surgery, Kings College Hospital, London. The total operation time was 312 h with approximately
Impact of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Prevnar) on middle ear fluid in children undergoing tympanostomy tube insertion.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe the bacteriology of middle ear effusions in children who have received the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Prevnar) compared with unvaccinated children. Methods: A prospective review of medical records from July 2001 to July 2002 was conducted on children with middle ear effusion at time of tympanostomy tube insertion. Middle ear fluid was plated onto culture media immediately after acquisition, and antimicrobial resistance of cultured organisms along with serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae was examined. Vaccination status, demographics, and risk factors were determined from patients' medical records, parent interviews, or contact with their primary care physicians. Results: After adjusting for age and number of previous infections, children vaccinated with Prevnar are two times less likely to have non-S. pneumoniae pathogenic bacteria isolated than children not vaccinated. Of those with growth, vaccinated children were almost three times more likely than nonvaccinated children to have the presence of H. influenzae. Vaccinated children with H. influenzae were 7.5 times less likely to have β-lactamase producing H. influenzae than nonvaccinated children with H. influenzae. Conclusion: Because the incidence of S. pneumoniae was low, no inference could be made whether Prevnar decreased otitis media with effusion or recurrent acute otitis caused by the S. pneumoniae serotypes covered by the vaccine. However, vaccinated children did appear to have the unexpected benefit of having a certain level of protection to growth of typical acute otitis media pathogens.