cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scalable hybrid computation with spikes

We outline a hybrid analog-digital scheme for computing with three important features that enable it to scale to systems of large complexity: First, like digital computation, which uses several one-bit precise logical units to collectively compute a precise answer to a computation, the hybrid scheme uses several moderate-precision analog units to collectively compute a precise answer to a computation. Second, frequent discrete signal restoration of the analog information prevents analog noise and offset from degrading the computation. And, third, a state machine enables complex computations to be created using a sequence of elementary computations. A natural choice for implementing this hybrid scheme is one based on spikes because spike-count codes are digital, while spike-time codes are analog. We illustrate how spikes afford easy ways to implement all three components of scalable hybrid computation. First, as an important example of distributed analog computation, we show how spikes can create a distributed modular representation of an analog number by implementing digital carry interactions between spiking analog neurons. Second, we show how signal restoration may be performed by recursive spike-count quantization of spike-time codes. And, third, we use spikes from an analog dynamical system to trigger state transitions in a digital dynamical system, which reconfigures the analog dynamical system using a binary control vector; such feedback interactions between analog and digital dynamical systems create a hybrid state machine (HSM). The HSM extends and expands the concept of a digital finite-state-machine to the hybrid domain. We present experimental data from a two-neuron HSM on a chip that implements error-correcting analog-to-digital conversion with the concurrent use of spike-time and spike-count codes. We also present experimental data from silicon circuits that implement HSM-based pattern recognition using spike-time synchrony. We outline how HSMs may be used to perform learning, vector quantization, spike pattern recognition and generation, and how they may be reconfigured.
Fine-grain pipelined asynchronous adders for high-speed DSP applications

A new asynchronous pipeline scheme (called LP/sub w/), and two new pipelined asynchronous adder implementations, are introduced for high-throughput applications such as DSPs for multimedia processing. The pipeline scheme is targeted to dynamic datapaths. A novelty of the approach is that it uses decoupled control for pull-up and pull-down stacks. The adders are pipelined at the gate-level and achieve very high throughput: 930-1023 million additions per second in a 0.6/spl mu/ CMOS process. These results are expected to scale to several gigaoperations per second in more modern technologies.
Statistical Analysis of the Fifth Drag Prediction Workshop Computational Fluid Dynamics Solutions

A statistical analysis of the results from an extensive N-version test of a collection of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics codes is presented. The solutions were obtained by code developers and users from the United States, Europe, Asia, and Russia using a variety of grid systems and turbulence models for the June 2009 Fourth Drag Prediction Workshop sponsored by the AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Technical Committee. The aerodynamic configuration for this workshop was a new subsonic transport model, the Common Research Model, designed using a modern approach for the wing and included a horizontal tail. The fourth workshop focused on the prediction of both absolute and incremental drag levels for wing–body and wing–body–horizontal-tail configurations. This work continues the statistical analysis begun in the earlier workshops, and compares the results from the grid-convergence study of the most recent workshop with earlier workshops using the statistical framework.
Supervised learning methods in sort yield modeling

Supervised learning consists of a large variety of methods that explore data relationships. The techniques described in this paper cover those methods that are robust and relevant to semiconductor data, sufficiently simple for use by non-statisticians, and proven effective in yield modeling. We first apply the classification and regression tree (CART) technique to detect the source of yield variations from electrical parameters and process equipment. Yield prediction models, including multinomial logistic regression (MNL) and the random forest (RF) method, will also be discussed. Case studies demonstrate the strength of combining traditional regression with machine learning techniques.
Similarities and differences in PM10 chemical source profiles for geological dust from the San Joaquin Valley, California

A systematic sampling and analysis approach was followed to acquire chemical source profiles for six types of geological dust in California’s San Joaquin Valley. Forty-seven samples from 37 locations included: (1) urban and rural paved roads, (2) residential and agricultural unpaved roads and parking areas, (3) almond, cotton, grape, safflower, and tomato fields, (4) dairy and feedlot surfaces, (5) salt-laden lake and irrigation canal drainage deposits, and (6) building and roadway construction/earthmoving soil. These samples were dried, sieved, resuspended, sampled through a PM10 inlet onto filters, and chemically analyzed to construct PM10 source profiles (fractional mass abundances and uncertainties) for 40 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Ba, La, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, and U), 7 ions (Cl � ,N O 3 ,P O 4� ,S O 4� ,N a + ,K + , and NH4 ), organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), 8 carbon fractions (OC1, OC2, OC3, OC4, OP, EC1, EC2, and EC3), and carbonate carbon. Individual source profiles with analytical precisions were averaged and compared to quantify differences in chemical abundances for: (1) duplicate laboratory resuspension sampling, (2) multiple sampling within the same agricultural field, (3) sampling at different locations for the same land-use activity, (4) sampling of different activities regardless of location, and (5) grouping of different activities into generalized emission inventory source categories. Distinguishing features were found among composite source profiles of six source types. Elemental carbon and Pb marked paved road dust; Na + , Na, S, and SO4� marked salt deposits; OC, PO4� ,P , K + , K, and Ca characterized animal husbandry; and several metals (Ti, V, Mn) marked construction soil, with abundances 2–10 times higher than those of other profiles. High-sensitivity X-ray fluorescence analysis resulted in detectable alkali and rare earth elements. Ga, Zr, Sn, and Ba were found in some of the paved road dust profiles; toxic species such as As, Mo, Cd, Sb, and U were found in salt deposits from canal drainage; and Pd, Rb, Sr, and Tl were found in construction dust. The profile-compositing methodology can be used for evaluating similarities and differences for other source characterization studies. r 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Development of anaerobic migrating blanket reactor (AMBR), a novel anaerobic treatment system

A novel anaerobic treatment system, the anaerobic migrating blanket reactor (AMBR), was developed after completing a parallel study with upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) processes. Using sucrose as the main component of a synthetic wastewater, the AMBR achieved a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading rate of 30 g.l � 1 .day � 1 at a 12-h hydraulic retention time (HRT). This resulted in a standard methane production rate (SMPR) of 6.5 l.l � 1 .day � 1 and an average methane-based COD (MCOD) removal efficiency of 62.2%. A key element in granular biomass formation was migration of the biomass blanket through the reactor. Although a carbohydrate-rich wastewater was used, no separate pre-acidification was required for the AMBR, because of high mixing intensities and wash out of acidogenic bacteria. In contrast, the absence of pre-acidification created ''bulking'' problems (caused by abundant acidogenic bacteria at the surface of granules) in a UASB reactor, operated under conditions similar to that of the AMBR. As a result, a maximum COD loading rate and SMPR of 21 g.l � 1 .day � 1 and 4.9 l.l � 1 .day � 1 were achieved, respectively, for the UASB reactor at a 12-h HRT. These values were 18 g.l � 1 .day � 1 and 3.7 l.l � 1 .day � 1 , respectively, for an ASBR at a 12-h HRT. Hence, the performance of the AMBR in treating a carbohydrate-rich wastewater was found to be superior in terms of maximum loading rate and SMPR. # 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Combining Generative and Discriminative Models in a Framework for Articulated Pose Estimation

We develop a method for the estimation of articulated pose, such as that of the human body or the human hand, from a single (monocular) image. Pose estimation is formulated as a statistical inference problem, where the goal is to find a posterior probability distribution over poses as well as a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate. The method combines two modeling approaches, one discriminative and the other generative. The discriminative model consists of a set of mapping functions that are constructed automatically from a labeled training set of body poses and their respective image features. The discriminative formulation allows for modeling ambiguous, one-to-many mappings (through the use of multi-modal distributions) that may yield multiple valid articulated pose hypotheses from a single image. The generative model is defined in terms of a computer graphics rendering of poses. While the generative model offers an accurate way to relate observed (image features) and hidden (body pose) random variables, it is difficult to use it directly in pose estimation, since inference is computationally intractable. In contrast, inference with the discriminative model is tractable, but considerably less accurate for the problem of interest. A combined discriminative/generative formulation is derived that leverages the complimentary strengths of both models in a principled framework for articulated pose inference. Two efficient MAP pose estimation algorithms are derived from this formulation; the first is deterministic and the second non-deterministic. Performance of the framework is quantitatively evaluated in estimating articulated pose of both the human hand and human body.
New Destinations or Old Politics? Explaining Local Immigration Policing Practices in the United States

Previous research suggests two factors that may help explain differences in local government policies directed toward immigrants: the anxieties of “new destinations” (areas that have experienced a rapid, recent rise in immigrant settlement), and the “old politics” of local partisanship and political pressure. In this paper, we examine a previously unexplored aspect of the local immigration policy dynamic: do “new destinations” or “old politics” help to explain why the practices of law-enforcement agencies regarding immigrants differ among communities? Using multivariate analyses of data from three nationwide surveys of county sheriffs and police chiefs in large and small cities in the United States, our findings provide stronger evidence for the political-pressure hypothesis, although with differences across the three sets of respondents.
Detection of Viral RNA Splicing in Diagnostic Virology

Diagnostic virology is to identify the etiologic cause of infection from patient’s samples. In the past the diagnostic virology relied on three classical techniques to make a diagnosis of viral infection: (a) virus isolation by direct virus cultivation, (b) viral antigen detection, (c) indirect detection of virus-specific antibodies. While being important tools in the diagnostic virology today, these techniques are time-consuming and require specific tools such as cultivation media, cell or tissue cultures, antibodies, purified antigens. In the past decade the number of new molecular-based methods grew rapidly and gained more popularity in diagnostic labs. The core of these techniques constitutes of techniques based on nucleic acid detection by specific amplification, hybridization, and/or sequencing (reviewed in ref. [1]). The most nucleic acid-based diagnostic methods are simple, speed, sensitive and specific and thus meet the gold four-S-standard for their application in any diagnostic laboratories. The methods are simple and speed because only a specific primer pair and a PCR machine are needed in a lab setting and identification of a viral pathogen takes within few hours. They are sensitive and specific and require only a small amount of patients’ materials to detect a specific nucleotide sequence region. In general, these techniques can be used to detect almost all types of viral pathogens and even to identify multiple viral pathogens or their variants at the same time. In this chapter we focus on detection of viral RNA splicing as a new tool for diagnostic virology.
Bioorthogonal Chemistry for the Isolation and Study of Newly Synthesized Histones and Their Modifications.

The nucleosome is an octamer containing DNA wrapped around one histone H3–H4 tetramer and two histone H2A–H2B dimers. Within the nucleosome, histones are decorated with post-translational modifications. Previous studies indicate that the H3–H4 tetramer is conserved during DNA replication, suggesting that old tetramers serve as a template for the modification of newly synthesized tetramers. Here, we present a method that merges bioorthogonal chemistry with mass spectrometry for the study of modifications on newly synthesized histones in mammalian cells. HeLa S3 cells are dually labeled with the methionine analog azidohomoalanine and heavy 13C6,15N4 isotope labeled arginine. Heavy amino acid labeling marks newly synthesized histones while azidohomoalanine incorporation allows for their isolation using bioorthogonal ligation. Labeled mononucleosomes were covalently linked via a copper catalyzed reaction to a FLAG-GGR-alkyne peptide, immunoprecipitated, and subjected to mass spectrometry for quantitative modi...
The Relationship of the −5, −8, and −24 Variant Alleles in African Americans to Triosephosphate Isomerase (TPI) Enzyme Activity and to TPI Deficiency

In 424 African-American and 75 white subjects, we found that the −5 (TPI 592 A→G), −8 (TPI 589 G→A), and −24 (TPI 573 T→G) variants in the triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) gene occurred frequently (41.0%) in the African-American subjects but did not occur in the whites. These data suggest that this set of polymorphisms may turn out to be one of the higher-incidence molecular markers of African lineage, a surprising finding because others had reported that these nucleotide substitutions were restricted to a small subset of African Americans who had been characterized as TPI-deficiency heterozygotes. Additionally, we investigated the relationship of these variants to TPI-enzyme activity. Although the variant substitutions (occurring in three haplotypes: −5 alone, −5 −8, and −5 −8 −24) were associated with moderate reduction in enzyme activity, severe-deficiency heterozygotes could not be identified with certainty, and none of the haplotypes were restricted to subjects with marked reduction of enzyme activity. Three subjects were homozygous for the −5 −8 haplotype, a finding inconsistent with the putative role of this haplotype as the cause of a null variant incompatible with life in homozygotes. Despite these findings, the possibility remains that the −5 −8 or −5 −8 −24 haplotypes may in some instances contribute to compound heterozygosity and clinical TPI deficiency. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
Enhancing the Personalization of Psychotherapy With Dynamic Assessment and Modeling

Clinicians have long recognized the importance of tailoring psychotherapy interventions to the needs and characteristics of the individual patient. However, traditional approaches to clinical assessment, service delivery, and intervention research have not been conducive to such personalization. Contrary to traditional nomothetic approaches, idiographic assessment and modeling of intraindividual dynamic processes holds tremendous promise for tailoring the implementation of psychotherapy to the individual patient. In this article, we (a) present an argument for assessing person-specific dynamics, (b) provide a detailed description of a method that harnesses person-specific dynamic assessment and modeling for use in routine psychotherapy,
Investigation of the Effects of Biodiesel Feedstock on the Performance and Emissions of a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine

Biodiesel fuels may serve as a partial solution in the search for sustainable energy sources for the transportation sector. However, increased nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions are a potentially significant drawback to the use of biodiesel fuels that must be addressed if biodiesel is to gain widespread acceptance. One approach is to identify specific biodiesel fuel properties that minimize NOx formation and use these to produce lower NOx fuel blends. In this work, seven biodiesel fuels were produced from high-erucic rapeseed, olive, palm, coconut, soybean, and fresh and used canola oils, with their chemical composition determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The fuels were then burned in a single-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine and evaluated for both fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons, and particulate matter. While all biodiesels had higher brake-specific nitric oxide (NO) emissions than ultralow sulfur diesel ...
PbS Nanoparticles Capped with Tetrathiafulvalenetetracarboxylate: Utilizing Energy Level Alignment for Efficient Carrier Transport

We fabricate a field-effect transistor by covalently functionalizing PbS nanoparticles with tetrathiafulvalenetetracarboxylate. Following experimental results from cyclic voltammetry and ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we postulate a near-resonant alignment of the PbS 1Sh state and the organic HOMO, which is confirmed by atomistic calculations. Considering the large width of interparticle spacing, we observe an abnormally high field-effect hole mobility, which we attribute to the postulated resonance. In contrast to nanoparticle devices coupled through common short-chained ligands, our system maintains a large degree of macroscopic order as revealed by X-ray scattering. This provides a different approach to the design of hybrid organic–inorganic nanomaterials, circumvents the problem of phase segregation, and holds for versatile ways to design ordered, coupled nanoparticle thin films.
The Draper Simulation Framework: Enabling Simulation from Concept Development through Real-Time Hardware- in-the-Loop

For over fifteen years, Draper Laboratory used an in-house simulation framework, called CSim, to develop and execute real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulations for non-Trident projects. While still useful today, CSim was developed using older technology and was used in many ways that were not envisioned by the original developers. Draper also developed a real-time simulation tool specifically for the Trident program called the Simulation-Based Test and Evaluation Capability (SiBaTEC), which was developed and maintained independently from CSim. At the start of the Trident MARK 6 MOD1 program, the decision was made to develop a single new simulation framework, called the Draper Simulation Framework (DSF), which has all of the same capabilities as CSim and incorporates elements from SiBaTEC. DSF is the foundation for executing real-time simulations at Draper Laboratory. This technology enables the development of hardware in-the-loop simulations for evaluation, test, and integration of Draper-developed technology. DSF also executes in non-real-time for simulation throughout a project's lifecycle, including: early concept development; algorithm development; flight software development; and performance evaluation.
An Ivory Casket from Southern India

The group of ivory panels described below is in the collection of Professor Arthur Michael, of Newton, Massachusetts. The four panels and decorative borders now remounted in a plush frame measuring over all 10×14¾ inches, shown on the accompanying plate, were originally parts of a casket. If we refer to the panels as now arranged as numbers one to four, counting from top to bottom, we may say that they formed the two long sides (nos. 3, 4), one end (no. 1) and the top (no. 2) of the original casket, of which only the other end panel and some parts of the borders and base are now missing. Our intention will be to explain the representations on the panels, as far as possible by reference to the corresponding texts. The panels themselves are of admirable workmanship, and unsurpassed by any other examples of South Indian ivory carving that have yet been published.
Evaluation of capsule endoscopy to detect mucosal lesions associated with gastrointestinal bleeding in dogs.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the utility of capsule endoscopy to detect mucosal abnormalities in dogs with gastrointestinal haemorrhage. METHODS Capsules were administered to 2 healthy controls and 8 patients with gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Images were evaluated for quality, gastric emptying time, small intestinal transit time and presence of lesions. RESULTS There were no adverse effects of capsule endoscopy in dogs weighing from 7·7 to 58 kg. The capsule traversed the entire gastrointestinal tract in 5 of 8 patients, with high quality images obtained in the stomach and small intestine. Gastric emptying time and small intestinal transit time ranged from 1 to 270 and 15 to 180 minutes, respectively. In 3 of 8 patients, the capsule remained in the stomach despite pro-kinetics. Gastric lesions included mild haemorrhage and pinpoint erosion (4 of 8), a mass (1) and thickened bleeding pyloric mucosa (2). Two of 3 dogs with capsule retention had gastric lesions. Intestinal lesions included a healing duodenal ulcer, abnormal villi, ileal ulceration and colonic bleeding. Lesions identified by capsule endoscopy were considered a significant source of haemorrhage in 4 of 7 dogs with active bleeding. The relevance of pinpoint gastric mucosal erosions to blood loss is unclear. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Capsule endoscopy can enable the non-invasive detection of gastric and small intestinal mucosal lesions in dogs presenting for evaluation of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Essential Concepts of Inflammation and Immunity

Virtually all patients in acute or critical care settings experience some degree of immune system alteration, which places them at risk for serious potential complications, including sepsis and debilitation. Nurses need a good working knowledge of specific areas of immune function to provide a safe environment, adequate patient support, and appropriate early interventions to prevent complications. This article presents information about basic immune function and current and potential uses for new immunodulating agents, such as granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor.
Activation of high-affinity choline uptake in vitro by depolarizing agents.

Incubation of rat brain hippocampal synaptosomes under depolarizing conditions, i.e., with veratridine or high concentrations of potassium, resulted in activation of sodium-dependent, high-affinity choline uptake. The depolarizing incubation did not affect the sodium-dependent uptake of octopamine, serotonin, or γ-aminobutyric acid. Omission of calcium during the incubation period with depolarizing agents, or addition of a calcium antagonist, Bay a 1040, prevented the increase in choline uptake. Omission of magnesium was without effect. Partial replacement of sodium with either lithium or sucrose, treatments which also enhance calcium influx into synaptosomes, resulted in an increase in choline uptake. These data in vitro suggest that calcium influx is an important feature of the activation of sodium-dependent, high-affinity choline uptake in vivo. Furthermore, the characteristics of the activation in vitro are similar to those observed in vivo; thus the system in vitro should be useful in exploring further the mechanisms involved in the activation of sodium-dependent, high-affinity choline uptake caused by neuronal activity in vivo.
Healthcare costs utilization and costs of patients hospitalized with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in US commercially-insured individuals and Medicare beneficiaries

Introduction: Managing ARDS is resource-intensive, but published quantitative data are limited. Objective: To examine the healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and costs of patients hospitalized with ARDS. Methods: US administrative claims between 2009 and 2013 of commercially-insured individuals and Medicare beneficiaries were analyzed. Patients with ARDS who received mechanical ventilation during the index hospitalization were selected. Each ARDS patient was demographically matched to 10 non-ARDS hospitalized controls. HRU, costs, and comorbidities during one-year prior (baseline), were compared, as were characteristics of the index hospitalization. One-year HRU and costs of a subgroup who were discharged alive and had at least one year follow-up were also examined. Results: Commercially-insured hospitalized ARDS patients had greater comorbid conditions and prior hospitalizations than matched controls. During the index hospitalization, ARDS patients had longer stays (16.7 vs. 4.6 days), higher mortality (11.9% vs. 0.8%), and incurred higher costs than controls ($117,137 vs. $25,199; all p Conclusion: Patients hospitalized with ARDS incurred significantly higher resource utilization and costs than non-ARDS hospitalizations during and prior to the stay. The pattern persists for one year after hospital discharge.
Effects of prescribed fire on fuels, vegetation, and Golden-cheeked Warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia) demographics in Texas juniper-oak woodlands

Abstract The Golden-cheeked Warbler ( Setophaga chrysoparia ) is an endangered songbird that breeds in mature juniper-oak woodlands restricted to Central Texas. This habitat is increasingly susceptible to crown fire due to climate change, land use change, and fire suppression. Prescribed fire is a potential tool to reduce the risk of crown fire and may be a management tool to enhance juniper-oak woodlands for breeding warblers. However, no experimental study has been undertaken to investigate how well prescribed fire can meet these goals. We conducted a before-after control-impact study on three plot-pairs within Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, from 2012 to 2014 to evaluate the response of fuel loads, vegetation structure, and warblers to prescribed fire. We measured fuel loads and vegetation structure in summer 2012 (pre-treatment) and 2014 (post-treatment). We burned one randomly-chosen plot within each plot-pair during February 2013 and measured fire severity in May 2013. We monitored populations of warblers to determine plot abundance and breeding success each season. Impact of the prescribed fires was highly variable across treatment plots with ∼49% of points showing no effects of fire on junipers and ∼9% showing high mortality in the juniper canopy. All 12 fuel and vegetation measures responded to fire in the direction expected; however, only juniper seedling density, juniper sapling density, hardwood sapling density, canopy cover, litter cover, and litter depth were significant (i.e., year × treatment effect P
An ABO Grouping Discrepancy Encountered During Pretransfusion Testing

A case study is presented that describes an ABO grouping discrepancy. Five possible causes of this discrepancy are considered. The causative condition is discussed with respect to the characteristic serologic findings, the proposed mechanism of acquisition, and recommended investigative procedures and transfusion therapy.
Parameter to state stability of control Lyapunov functions for hybrid system models of robots

Abstract Model based controllers, by virtue of their dependence on a specific model, are highly sensitive to imperfections in model parameter estimation leading to undesirable behaviors, especially in robots that undergo impacts. With the goal of quantifying the effect of model imperfection on the resulting output behavior from a control Lyapunov function (CLF) based controller, we formally derive a measure for model parameter mismatch and show that a bounded measure leads to an ultimate bound on the CLF. This is also extended to the discrete map by introducing an impact measure. The measure is controller and path dependent, and not just parameter dependent, thereby differentiating it from existing methods. More specifically, if traditional methods yield ultimate boundedness for a bounded parameter uncertainty, the proposed “measure” uses the notion of input to state stability (ISS) criterion to establish stability of model based controllers. The main result of this paper establishes that the proposed CLF based controller is parameter to state stable (PSS) for a class of robotic hybrid systems—systems with impulsive effects. These formal results motivate the construction of a robust controller–combining a computed torque term with a traditional PD term–that yields stricter convergence rates and bounds on the errors. This is demonstrated on the bipedal robot AMBER with a modeling error 30 % , wherein the stability of the proposed controller is verified in simulation.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induce Platelet Adhesion and Thrombus Formation.

Abstract Abstract 1345 Introduction Thrombus stability is provided by very large polymers adhering to platelets and anchoring the thrombus to the vessel wall. The best described polymers are fibrin and von Willebrand Factor (VWF). Activated neutrophils and other leukocytes can form an extracellular fibrous network which is composed of DNA, histones, and granular proteins. These neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are present in various inflammatory diseases. In deep vein thrombosis (DVT) inflammation closely cooperates with thrombosis. Here we examine whether NETs provide a new means to support the adhesion and recruitment of platelets and whether NETs are present in DVT. Methods and Results: To study the interaction of platelets with NETs, we isolated human neutrophils, induced NET formation and perfused over the NETs human platelets in plasma or whole blood anticoagulated with the thrombin inhibitor PPACK. Microscopic analysis revealed that under flow platelets adhere avidly to NETs. Perfusion of whole blood at physiological shear resulted in formation of thrombi on NETs in a time dependent manner. Addition of DNase1 degraded NETs and removed all platelets and thrombi demonstrating their adhesion to NETs. Thrombus formation on NETs was absent if blood was supplemented with EDTA indicating the requirement for divalent cations. Perfusion of NETs with heparinized blood dismantled NETs and prevented thrombus formation. Incubation of NETs with heparin alone released histones from NETs, indicating that heparin destroys the chromatin backbone of NETs. Furthermore, immunocytochemistry revealed that NETs were able to bind platelet adhesion molecules VWF and fibronectin from human plasma. Immunohistochemical analysis of a baboon deep vein thrombus showed abundant extracellular chromatin which co-localized with fibronectin and VWF. Conclusions: We show that extracellular traps are able to promote thrombosis in vitro and are abundant in vivo in DVT. We propose that extracellular chromatin provides a new type of scaffold that promotes platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation and may be important for thrombus initiation or stability. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The Impact of Noise on Recall of Advertisements

Noise, a barrier to learning and communication, is a concept that is widely referred to in marketing literature, yet, has been the focus of very little business research. In this paper, the theoretical background of noise is explored in past psychological and marketing literature. A measure of noise is developed and its impact on recall of advertisements is investigated using a convenience sample of 306 university students. The results indicate that there are external and internal noise dimensions. In addition, analysis of the data reveals that internal noise significantly affects recall of advertisements. Future research and managerial implications are discussed.
Breastfeeding Infants with Ankyloglossia: Insight into Mothers' Experiences.

Abstract Introduction: Breastfeeding difficulty from ankyloglossia can affect both the mother and baby in a breastfeeding dyad. With renewed emphasis in today's culture on breast milk, mothers may feel increasing pressure to breastfeed, and the inability for some to do so may cause significant distress. Recently, online parenting forums have seen exponential growth; these forums allow mothers to connect with peers undergoing similar life transitions. The purpose of this study was to review online discussions regarding ankyloglossia to understand mothers' experiences with breastfeeding. Materials and Methods: We performed an ethnographic content analysis of 76 online threads and 501 posts regarding ankyloglossia based on six domains: (1) initial expectations, (2) breastfeeding complications, (3) questions, (4) diagnosis, (5) treatment, and (6) outcomes. Results: About one-fourth of women who participated in online forum discussions had initial expectations to breastfeed, however, many found it impossible d...
Wide bandgap (WBG) power devices and their impacts on power delivery systems

Wide bandgap (WBG) power semiconductor devices have the capability to reach higher voltage, higher frequency and higher temperature compared with silicon based power devices. These capabilities have the potentials to revolutionize the way we deliver and manage power in the future. This paper reviews the WBG progress and their potential transformative impacts on low voltage, medium voltage and high voltage power delivery systems.
Developing an intelligent expert system for streamflow prediction, integrated in a dynamic decision support system for managing multiple reservoirs

Extracting and using of time-dependent indices improved prediction accuracy.Pre-processing of data improved prediction accuracy.Intelligent selection of predictors via sensitivity analysis and data mining.Successful integration of a novel forecast expert system in an operation system. Since fresh water is limited while agricultural and human water demands are continuously increasing, optimal prediction and management of streamflows as a source of fresh water is crucially important. This study investigates and demonstrates how data preprocessing and data mining techniques would improve the accuracy of streamflow predictive models. Based on easily accessible Snow Telemetry data (SNOTEL), four streamflow prediction models autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), artificial neural networks (ANNs), a hybrid-model of ANN and ARIMA (ANN-ARIMA), and an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were developed and utilized in a streamflow prediction process on Elephant Butte Reservoir. Utilizing the statistical correlation analysis and the extracting importance degrees of predictors led to efficiently select the most effective predictors for daily and monthly streamflow to Elephant Butte Reservoir. For the daily prediction time step, by preprocessing the historical data and extracting and utilizing the extracted climate variability indices through data mining techniques, the ANFIS model achieved a superior streamflow prediction performance for Elephant Butte Reservoir compared to the other three evaluated prediction models. Additionally, for predicting monthly streamflow to the Elephant Butte Reservoir, ANFIS showed significantly higher accuracy than the ANNs. As an optimal application of the developed predictive expert systems, successful integrating the prediction models in integrated reservoir operations balanced the need for a reliable supply of irrigation water against losses through evaporation. The optimal operation plan significantly minimizes the total evaporation loss from both reservoirs by providing the optimal storage levels in both reservoirs. This study provides the conceptual procedures of non-seasonal (ARIMA) model, and since the model is univariate, it demonstrates a strongly-reliable inflow prediction when existing information is limited to streamflow data as a predictor.
Girls Will Be Boys: Cross-Dressed Women, Lesbians, and American Cinema, 1908–1934, by Laura Horak

“Ladies who prefer pants to petticoats” (223) seems an innocent phrase today. However, when Greta Garbo chose pants in her personal life and petticoats on screen, rumors about her sexuality damaged...
ATIM-29. A PHASE 1 STUDY OF PF-06840003, AN ORAL INDOLE 2,3-DIOXYGENASE 1 (IDO1) INHIBITOR IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT GLIOMAS

BACKGROUND PF-06840003 is a highly selective and active IDO1 inhibitor, presumed to cross the blood brain barrier. IDO1, produced by cancer or immune cells, by affecting tryptophan catabolism, producing immunosuppressive metabolites such as kynurenine, inhibits proliferation of T cells, induces T cell anergy and apoptosis and promotes generation and activity of regulatory T cells and MDSCs. IDO1 is involved in malignant glioma immunosuppression, playing a key role in acquired resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 or CTLA-4 inhibition; their combination with IDO1 inhibition can lead to more efficacious antitumor immunity. Preclinical studies show high PF-06840003 CNS penetration and in the GL261 murine glioma model a synergistic effect in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, CTLA-4 inhibition, radiation therapy and temozolomide. This ongoing multi-center clinical trial aims to assess the safety, PK and PD activity of PF-06840003 in malignant glioma, confirm CNS penetration and verify its effectiveness in combination.
Deformation Induced Volume Relaxation in a Styrene-Butadiene Copolymer

The viscoelastic behavior of a solid polymer in the vicinity of the glass transition temperature Tg depends upon the temperature, the level of deformation, and the thermal history (1–4). It has been suggested that all of these effects can be described by the free volume theory (5).
Agency, sociomateriality, and configuration work

Social informatics research offers insights into the relationship between information technologies and social contexts. However, the material roles of information technologies, and their interplay ...
Modeling pollen tube growth of ‘Gala’ and ‘Fuji’ apples

Abstract Environmental factors like air temperature directly affect the pollen tube growth which in turn can regulate fruit set and crop load in apple. The estimation of the pollen tube length and the time when the pollen tube reaches the stylar base is useful information for managing fruit load, site selection and the improvement of technologies such as mechanical pollination. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a model to predict pollen tube length based on air temperature and style penetration (%). Flowers of two apple cultivars, ‘Fuji’ and ‘Gala’, were emasculated, hand pollinated with ‘Red Delicious’ commercial pollen and placed in growth chambers at one of eight constant temperatures (4.5, 7, 11.5, 14.5, 21.5, 22.6, 28 and 30 °C). Pollen tube lengths of three flowers were measured at different five times after pollination for each evaluated temperature using a fluorescent microscope and measurements were adjusted to logistic and logarithmic curves as a function of time after pollination. Derivatives of the adjusted curves allowed the estimation of the hourly pollen tube growth rates, which in turn were fitted to a response surface as a function of temperature and style penetration. Finally, predicted pollen tube length was obtained by integrating hourly growth rates from the adjusted response surface. The assessment statistics showed an adequate performance of the model with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.95 mm for ‘Fuji’ and 1.87 mm for ‘Gala’. However, predicted pollen tube lengths were underestimated when the observed pollen tube lengths were short, mainly related to growth at low temperatures. For this reason, future upgrades should adjust the hourly pollen tube growth rates at low temperatures as well as set apart the temperature effects on fully and semi-compatible crosses.
DB2 Universal Database Performance Tuning.

DB2 Universal Database is the flagship Relational Database from IBM. By building on decades of groundbreaking IBM Database Research projects, DB2 Universal Database benefits from a pervasive and continuous infusion of advanced technology ranging from first-class optimizer and compiler technology to advanced locking, logging and recovery mechanisms, all designed with a common thread of high performance in both OLTP and complex query environments. This article will take the reader on a whirlwind tour of DB2 Universal Database, with a focus on the new auto-configuration tools. Find out how its open platform support exploits a rich repertoire of data storage techniques and how the latest Java-based administration tools can be used to quickly build and configure a DB2 Universal Database for maximum performance.
Autonomous Surveillance Tolerant to Interference

Autonomous recognition of human activities from video streams is an important aspect of surveillance. A key challenge is to learn an appropriate representation or model of each activity. This paper presents a novel solution for recognizing a set of predefined actions in video streams of variable durations, even in the presence of interference, such as noise and gaps caused by occlusions or intermittent data loss. The most significant contribution of this solution is learning the number of states required to represent an action, in a short period of time, without exhaustive testing of all state spaces. It works by using Surprise-Based Learning (SBL) to reason on data (object tracks) provided by a vision module. SBL autonomously learns a set of rules which capture the essential information required to disambiguate each action. These rules are then grouped together to form states and a corresponding Markov chain which can detect actions with varying time duration. Several experiments on the publicly available visint.org video corpora have yielded favorable results.
Environmental chemistry of copper in torch lake, Michigan

A study of Keweenaw Peninsula and adjacent Lake Superior waters was undertaken to evaluate the significance of Cu tailings deposits as a potential source of Cu and the controlling Cu concentrations in these waters. Metal concentrations were determined by atomic absorption techniques. Copper concentrations, especially in areas affected by discharge of large quantities of Cu mine tailings for over 100 yr, were relatively high. Concentrations of apparently dissolved Cu of up to 100 μg 1−1 were found in Torch Lake in the summer of 1972. These high Cu levels may be partially explained by industrial spills of copper wastes that occurred around that time. However, relatively high concentrations appeared to persist in Torch Lake waters throughout the annual cycle. The vast quantities of crushed Cu-bearing ore that comprise the bottom sediments and line the shores show a Cu content ranging from 1300 to 3800 mg 1−1. These materials act as a reservoir of Cu providing a continual supply of Cu to these waters. Laboratory leaching studies of these materials demonstrate that they can release potentially significant amounts of Cu when suspended in lake water. Although the Cu levels found in Torch Lake exceed US EPA-recommended maximum allowable levels for these waters, there are reports of substantial fish and algal populations. Equilibrium calculations indicate the predominance of various soluble Cu species in the following order of abundance: Cu(OH)+ > Cu++ > CuCO3. However, Cu in these waters may not be controlled by solubility relationships of Cu compounds but rather by sorption onto surfaces of Fe and Mg hydrous oxides resulting in the occurrence of Cu in relatively non-toxic forms. Any additional mining or reclamation operations pose a potential hazard to aquatic ecosystems because of the wide-spread Cu contamination that already exists in the waters of this area.
Changes in discourse structure over time following traumatic brain injury

Abstract The objective of the present study was to investigate structural changes in the narrative discourse of individuals with penetrating traumatic brain injury (pTBI) following immediate and delayed story retellings. Additionally, the potential influence of immediate memory, working memory, and executive functions on narrative discourse performance were examined. The narrative discourse of two groups, 123 with pTBI and 44 non-brain injured (NBI), was sampled. Participants were asked to retell a wordless picture story immediately after viewing it and again 30-min later. Story narratives were analyzed using a variety of microlinguistic and macrostructural measures. Results revealed significant group differences of both microlinguistic and macrostructural measures following the immediate retell, but not following the delayed retell. Regression analyses revealed that immediate memory accounted for a modest degree of the explained variance for the production of critical content during narrative discourse. The observed deficits were relatively stable over a short delay (30 min) and appeared attributable, in part, to difficulty with the encoding and consolidation of story content.
Wise Feedback as a Timely Intervention for At-Risk Students Transitioning Into High School

Abstract A promising development in school-based prevention and intervention science is the use of applied social–psychological concepts to improve students’ experiences and outcomes in school. Mounting evidence from rigorous studies supports the efficacy of theoretically informed interventions grounded in social psychology, including growth mindset and values affirmation. One of particular utility for educators and school psychologists is wise feedback, which is a relational technique for providing skillful, constructive feedback. The overarching purpose of this study was to further explore the potential efficacy of wise feedback as a targeted intervention for students exhibiting social problem behaviors resulting in negative outcomes. Wise feedback was implemented using a multiple-baseline design with six students exhibiting signs of dropout (i.e., lack of trust and sense of belonging in a school) in ninth grade. Visual and statistical analysis indicated improvement in the students’ sense of belonging a...
How Business Value Is Extracted from Operational Data: A Case Study

The case study by Ugray, Paper and Johnson follows the emergence of digital business models within a company as it strives to better serve its customers. Through analysis of the unique data accumulated from its operations, the organization found ways to unlock value for its customers and capture some of the value for its own success. The three major driving forces behind the mechanisms that led to develop new opportunities are the desire to serve customers better, the need to improve internal processes, and the drive of the data expert staff for technological progress. Even with only limited resources available, the mixture of the three driving forces led to successful innovations that sustained the growth of the company.