cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Infiéis em casa. Jesuítas e escravos muçulmanos (Nápoles e Espanha, século XVII)

A partir de fontes jesuitas publicadas e nao publicadas – tratados, manuais, relatorios e cartas –, este artigo explora o apostolado jesuita referente aos escravos muculmanos em Napoles e em diferentes cidades da Espanha durante o seculo XVII. Um ponto de vista jesuita, encoberto pela retorica missionaria e indisponivel de outra forma, e encontrado nestas fontes, as quais destacam os metodos e estrategias missionarias jesuiticas alem de esclarecerem o status especial do apostolado para os escravos muculmanos na mente jesuita. Enquanto a Europa estava enviando missionarios para converter os escravos muculmanos (e as missoes foram consideradas uma variacao das entao chamadas “missoes populares”) a essas missoes muitas vezes era atribuido um valor simbolico mais profundo. Uma vez que os interlocutores dos missionarios eram “infieis”, tao diferentes tanto em sua cultura quanto em seus habitos, os jesuitas usavam formas de acomodacao extremamente semelhantes as que eram usadas nas missoes no ultramar. A conversao de escravos muculmanos em Napoles ou na Espanha foi concebida pelos jesuitas como um caminho alternativo e eficaz para realizar uma missao “mesmo em meio aos Turcos”, como afirmava a Formula do Instituto, apesar de nunca ter deixado os reinos europeus para terras otomanas. Situada entre as missoes no ultramar, onde os jesuitas convertiam os “infieis” em terras distantes, e as missoes na Europa, onde eles tentavam salvar as almas de pessoas batizadas que nao tinham educacao religiosa, havia “outras Indias”, onde os jesuitas podiam encontrar, converter e batizar os “infieis” em casa.
9 – Auxiliary equipment

Turbomachinery packages and closed loop facilities require many ancillary systems to provide critical process fluids, cooling flow, lube oil, and clean filtered CO2 to the dry gas seals of the turbine and compressor. Dry gas seal flow to the turbine also provides a critical role as a heat sink to cool the seals. The amount of CO2 in the closed loop must be managed with a supply system, and an inventory control system may also be used for cycle load control. When oil lubricated bearings are used, a lube oil skid must be supplied to provide clean, filtered lube oil at the proper temperature, pressure, and flow rate to the machinery bearings and gearboxes. This chapter summarizes these systems, pointing out aspects that are unique to supercritical CO2 (sCO2) equipment. The lube oil skid does not differ from other turbomachinery packages and will not be covered. Finally, some unique measurement aspects for high-temperature sCO2 test loops are discussed.
Type 1 Doing Well: Pilot Feasibility and Acceptability Study of a Strengths-Based mHealth App for Parents of Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Background: We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a pilot behavioral intervention delivered to parents of adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) via mobile-friendly web app. The Type 1 ...
Are Nonprofits More Equitable than For-Profits? An Estimate of the Gender Pay Gap in the U.S. Human Services Field

Using a nationally representative dataset, this paper examines the nonprofit/for-profit difference in the gender pay gap specifically within the human services field. This industry-specific analysi...
EXTRINSIC FACTORS THAT AFFECT EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION IN FAITH BASED ORGANIZATIONS

The general objective of this study was to identify the extrinsic factors affect employee job satisfaction at the Faith based organizations. For the research methodology, the study used the descriptive research design. The population for the study was the 161 employees of the Nairobi Chapel. Stratified random sampling technique was used to determine the sample size for the study. A sample size of 49 members was obtained from the population. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the primary data. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. A correlation analysis was computed to determine the association between extrinsic factors and job satisfaction. The results showed significant correlations between good relations with coworkers and job security and job satisfaction. Keywords : Job satisfaction, clergy, extrinsic motivation, extrinsic factors
Development of a CD19 PET tracer for detecting B cells in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis

B cells play a central role in multiple sclerosis (MS) through production of injurious antibodies, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and antigen presentation. The therapeutic success of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting B cells in some but not all individuals suffering from MS highlights the need for a method to stratify patients and monitor response to treatments in real-time. Herein, we describe the development of the first CD19 positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, and its evaluation in a rodent model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Female C57BL/6 J mice were induced with EAE through immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG1–125). PET imaging of naive and EAE mice was performed 19 h after administration of [64Cu]CD19-mAb. Thereafter, radioactivity in organs of interest was determined by gamma counting, followed by ex vivo autoradiography of central nervous system (CNS) tissues. Anti-CD45R (B220) immunostaining of brain tissue from EAE and naive mice was also conducted. Radiolabelling of DOTA-conjugated CD19-mAb with 64Cu was achieved with a radiochemical purity of 99% and molar activity of 2 GBq/μmol. Quantitation of CD19 PET images revealed significantly higher tracer binding in whole brain of EAE compared to naive mice (2.02 ± 0.092 vs. 1.68 ± 0.06 percentage of injected dose per gram, % ID/g, p = 0.0173). PET findings were confirmed by ex vivo gamma counting of perfused brain tissue (0.22 ± 0.020 vs. 0.12 ± 0.003 % ID/g, p = 0.0010). Moreover, ex vivo autoradiography of brain sections corresponded with PET imaging results and the spatial distribution of B cells observed in B220 immunohistochemistry—providing further evidence that [64Cu]CD19-mAb enables visualization of B cell infiltration into the CNS of EAE mice. CD19-PET imaging can be used to detect elevated levels of B cells in the CNS of EAE mice, and has the potential to impact the way we study, monitor, and treat clinical MS.
Noncommutative superspace, Script N = 1/2 supersymmetry, field theory and string theory

We deform the standard four dimensional = 1 superspace by making the odd coordinates θ not anticommuting, but satisfying a Clifford algebra. Consistency determines the other commutation relations of the coordinates. In particular, the ordinary spacetime coordinates x cannot commute. We study chiral superfields and vector superfields and their interactions. As in ordinary noncommutative field theory, a change of variables allows us to express the gauge interactions in terms of component fields which are subject to standard gauge transformation laws. Unlike ordinary noncommutative field theories, the change of the lagrangian is a polynomial in the deformation parameter. Despite the deformation, the noncommutative theories still have an antichiral ring with all its usual properties. We show how these theories with precisely this deformation arise in string theory in a graviphoton background.
The Army and Military Policies of Post-Unification Italy in the Milanese Radical Press

Morena Corradi’s chapter traces the debate over the army and military policies in post-Unification Italy, as they were reported and fostered by the Milanese radical press (Gazzettino Rosa and La Plebe). In particular, this chapter brings into focus the clash between the radical political faction and the institutions over the last phase of the Risorgimento. By denouncing the failure of both political and army leaders, to which the tragic defeats of Custoza and Mentana as well as the young country’s vulnerability are ascribed, radical commentators question the nation-making process, seen as deeply compromised by past and present military policies, with conscription being the epitome of the institutions’ inadequacy and the ultimate betrayal of the Italian people.
Late return focusing algorithm for circular synthetic aperture sonar data

Synthetic aperture sonar processing is used to generate imagery for remote sensing applications such as environmental characterization and object detection. Images primarily represent the initial geometric response of acoustic scattering, but there are additional information embedded in the raw data that are not well-represented in images. For example, responses such as internal multiple scattering or elastic scattering are delayed in time, and they appear defocused in imagery. A complementary processing algorithm is presented that improves the focus of late acoustic scattering responses, which can potentially provide additional information about the object and aid data interpretability.
Secure and Server-User Private Linear Function Retrieval in Multi-Server Multi-User Systems

This paper investigates the ultimate performance limits of distributed multi-server systems with cache-aided users, where the users aim to retrieve a linear function of the files of a library that are replicated at multiple non-colluding servers. In addition to correct decoding, the following conditions are imposed: (a) the content of the library must be kept secure from a wiretapper who obtains all the signals sent by the servers; (b) any subset of users together can not obtain any information about the demands of the remaining users; and (c) the users’ demands must be kept private against any individual server. A Distributed Key Superposition (DKS) scheme is proposed, which uses the idea of superposition of security and privacy keys to guarantee conditions (a) and (b) simultaneously, as in the single server setup. Condition (c) is guaranteed by the fact that each server is responsible for delivering a fraction of the requested linear function, and insuring that the privacy keys used by a server are generated and pushed to the user caches by another server. Interestingly, the achievable load-memory tradeoff with the additional constraint (c) is the same as the single server case if there are at least two servers.
Reading Practices and Intellectual Freedom Research

Based on discourse from 13 challenge cases from 2007-2011, the study argues that studying contemporary reading practices, especially interpretive strategies, is vital to understanding why people attempt to censor books.
Faculty In-service: How to Boost Academic Library Services

This article discusses a collaborative approach to educate college faculty about the library to encourage faculty to engage and participate in services such as library instruction, interlibrary loan, course reserves, and research desk assistance. The more faculty know about the library, the more that they use them. Well informed faculty create students who will also be interested in the library. In-servicing is recommended because it allows librarians to market the library. Creating a well-planned library in-service also creates an opportunity to highlight a librarian’s teaching and research skills.
Making the Case for Leveraging the Patient-Centered E-Health (PCEH) Context to Expand Information Systems Theory

Patient-centered e-health (PCEH) represents a fascinating area of digitized stakeholder interactions characterized by complex information flow s, shared decision making, co-created value, and mutual interest in improving health outcomes. Such a context lies in contrast to often contentious firm-consumer relationships characterized by self interest, surplus maximization (from both producer and consumer sides), and consumer segmentation. This article suggests that PCEH is an ideal context in w hich to study the emerging class of information systems that include consumers as empow ered influencers, stakeholders, and decision makers, rather than only “purchasers” on the other side of the exchange relationship or “mandated” users in the enterprise context. The PCEH context is proposed as an enormous research opportunity that may significantly contribute to expanding information systems research and theory. Keyw ords: patient-centered e-health; research opportunities; inductive and deductive PCEH literature
INTERACTION OF CALCIUM AND NEOMYCIN WITH ANIONIC PHOSPHOLIPID-LECITHIN LIPOSOMES A DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY STUDY

The interactions of calcium and neomycin with liposomes of various anionic phospholipids plus lecithin were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate differed from other acidic phospholipids in its interactions with both calcium and neomycin. Calcium, at concentrations as low as 1 mM, induced the appearance of a second transition peak in phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate-enriched liposomes only. Neomycin acted antagonistically and precluded this phase separation. In addition, neomycin lowered the phase transition temperature of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate-lecithin liposomes while it raised the transition temperature of all other anionic phospholipid-lecithin liposomes tested. This fluidizing effect of neomycin and the antagonism to calcium may induce critical alterations of properties of biological membranes. The study supports and extends our previous findings and conclusions that phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate may play a crucial role in the expression of aminoglycoside toxicity.
Size-Dependent Thermodynamic and Electronic Properties of Individual Nanometer-Size Supported Gold Clusters

Field emission techniques devised to measure the melting temperature and electronic structure of individual, nanometer-size clusters supported on electrically conducting substrates are reviewed. Data on the size-dependent reduction in melting temperature of Au clusters are compared to existing thermodynamic descriptions and molecular dynamic calculations. Data on the electronic structure of an individual lnm Au cluster are compared to the predictions of simple electron shell models for cluster electronic states.
Cost Analysis of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol in Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer

Abstract Background Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols for radical cystectomy (RC) aim to improve patient care, reduce complications, and shorten hospital stay while potentially reducing health care expenditure. Objective Evaluate the ERAS protocol for 30-d global costs relative to standard management in the era immediately preceding the initiation of ERAS for RC. Design, setting, and participants Overall, 201 consecutive patients (99 with standard management, 102 with an ERAS protocol) who met inclusion criteria and who underwent open RC at a single institution were evaluated. Resource-based costs were collected for the initial surgical admission and for any readmissions or unscheduled clinic visits within 30 d. Intervention Implementation of the ERAS protocol. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Line-item billing data were transformed using resource-based cost estimates. Tukey-Kramer least squares mean analysis was performed to adjust for cost differences attributable to patient characteristics on multivariate analysis (age Results and limitations Average 30-d costs were $31 139 with standard management and $26 650 after implementation of ERAS, for savings of $4488 per procedure ( p Conclusions In addition to clinical benefits, ERAS for RC at our institution also afforded an average cost savings of $4488 per procedure. Patient summary In this report, we evaluated the cost center–specific expenditures of the ERAS protocol for RC, demonstrating $4488 savings in 30-d costs relative to standard management.
Evaluation of continence following 532 nm laser prostatectomy for patients previously treated with radiation therapy or brachytherapy

Introduction/Objective Urinary complications such as bladder outlet obstruction or urinary retention following radiation therapy or brachytherapy have been reported in up to 15% of men. When conservative therapy has failed, surgical intervention with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) may be performed, but carries a significant risk of incontinence, ranging from 18% to 70% in reported literature. We reviewed a cohort of men previously treated with radiation or brachytherapy, who underwent laser prostatectomy. Methods From February 2004 to October 2011, 12 patients (Six = brachytherapy and Six = external beam radiation) underwent 532 nm GreenLight™ laser prostatectomy by a single surgeon (BBC) for chronic retention or debilitating obstructive symptoms. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative parameters were collected prospectively and reviewed retrospectively. Statistical analysis was performed with a Wilcox Rank sum test with significance defined as P < 0.05. Results The median patient age was 77.4 (Interquartile range (IQR) 73.9, 79.1). Prior to surgery, five patients were catheter dependent. Intraopertively, the median operative time was 48 minutes (IQR 35, 67); median lasing time was 28 minutes (IQR 23, 44); median Joules used was 126,873 (IQR 95,030, 222,336) J. Postoperative median follow up was 22.9 (IQR 13.4, 41.7) months. Significant improvements were noted in IPSS, QoL scores, PVR, and Qmax after PVP treatment. At 12 months, the median decrease in IPSS, QoL scores, and PVR was 15 (IQR 14.5, 22) to 10 (IQR 5.5, 13.5), 5 (IQR 3.5, 5) to 2 (IQR 1, 3.5), 200 (IQR 171, 327.5) to 5 (IQR 1.25, 8), respectively (P < 0.05 for all). Similarly, at 12 months, the median increase in Qmax (ml/second) was 4 (IQR 3, 10) to 15.9 (IQR 11, 16) (P = 0.04). There were no reportable complications at 12 months. None of the 12 patients that underwent 532 nm GreenLight™ laser prostatectomy developed stress urinary incontinence. One patient developed metastatic prostate cancer and the remaining patients had no evidence of biochemical recurrence. Conclusion In this pilot study, 532 nm GreenLight™ laser prostatectomy is feasible and safe in patients who have undergone prior radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Laser prostatectomy provides a durable response while maintaining continence in this cohort suffering from severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) or retention. Larger, randomized trials comparing GreenLight™ laser prostatectomy to traditional TURP are necessary to confirm non-inferiority. Lasers Surg. Med. 45:358–361, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Decoupling of recruitment from adult clam assemblages along an estuarine shoreline

Abstract The maintenance of populations of benthic species requires both effective (if not regular) recruitment plus sufficient post-recruitment survival through vulnerable juvenile phases. Decoupling of abundances of settlers and adults often occurs when conditions for juvenile survival are poor. For infaunal bivalves, predation can be a key process that alters the abundance or distribution of adults relative to early recruits. We examined spatial patterns of recruitment of intertidal clams along the marine-estuarine axis in Puget Sound, Washington, USA. Abundances and species richness of clam recruits were variable in space and time, but during the period of high recruitment (summer) were equal across all sites. Juvenile and adult clams, however, were consistently rare at the inner-estuarine sites relative to the outer. We hypothesized that predation was higher at our inner sites, and manipulated predator access to newly recruited clam assemblages along the estuarine gradient. Predators > 1 cm were excluded with mesh net from intertidal PVC tubes where recruitment of clams was allowed to occur naturally, and abundances and species richness of clams were measured after one summer season. Tubes with mesh nets over the top had significantly higher overall abundances of clams than unprotected tubes after 4 months, but showed no difference in clam species richness. More strikingly, the clam assemblage at the inner-estuarine sites comprised very few individuals relative to the outer-estuarine sites, regardless of predator exclusion. Multivariate analyses showed that clam assemblages in the tubes were better explained by position along the estuarine gradient than by predator treatment. Parallel studies at these sites suggested that growth of suspension feeders is actually higher in the inner estuary. Physical gradients are much less extreme in this well-mixed fjord than in many other estuaries, but we hypothesize that physical stresses such as higher temperatures at the inner beaches in the summer may be a major contributor to juvenile mortality, decoupling recruitment from adult populations.
Hormone effects of zearalenone in nonhuman primates

The ability of exogenous estrogens to alter serum levels of gonadotropins in ovariectomized rhesus monkeys was investigated in an attempt to develop a nonhuman primate model that could accurately predict both effective levels and physiologic consequences of human estrogen exposure. The ability of zearalenone (Z) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) to induce either a depression or an elevation of luteinizing hormone (LH) or follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations was compared to that of estradiol‐17β (E2). E2 administration initially caused a reduction of gonadotropin levels (3–15 hr after injection) followed by an LH but not always an FSH surge (36–72 hr after injection). Injection of DES and Z induced similar gonadotropin patterns. The ovariectomized rhesus monkey model was used to compare the oral and parenteral potencies of Z, DES, and E2. The minimal doses of Z, DES, and E2 that depressed LH levels after subcutaneous injection were 14, 0.5, and 4 μg/kg, respectively. When given orally, doses of 400...
Natural selection and population density-feedback I. Population limitation by food shortage, predation, and self-damping factors

Among the concerns of applied ecologists are wildlife management, optimal, sustained yield harvesting of natural populations, and assessment of the population consequences of various environmental manipulations by man. None of these concerns can be dealt with satisfactorily without some feeling for the manner in which population growth is affected by population density. It is therefore important that we understand the nature of population limitation by density-feedback. The above statement is not terribly profound. The last 50 years have seen hundreds of papers dealing with population limiting factors. But reflect that in spite of all the case studies and theoretical discourses we still do not even know whether populations generally exhibit growth rates which drop (approximately) linearly with increases in density (as assumed in the logistic equation) or in some more complex fashion. Does the nature of densityfeedback vary among populations in some predictable manner-for example, do opportunistic species show predictably different patterns of density response than equilibrium species ? When is an Allee effect likely to be found? The literature is not without examples of species and area-specific models at least some of which may be quite accurate (for a recent example, see Shuter and Koonce, 1977). Also, not all the various, simple models in common usage are entirely simplistic. For example, the Ricker model is derived without mathematical approximations or simplifications from a set of assumptions that are not unreasonable for semelparous fish species. (Actually, it can be derived independently from more than one such set of assumptions.) But these models do not address such general questions as:
Formation of the Bicoid Gradient in D. Melanogaster in Unfertilized Versus Fertilized Eggs

The concentration profile of Bicoid protein in D. melanogaster is an example of a morphogen gradient that has been well studied by quantitative methods. Various models have been proposed which suggest that the layer of syncitial nuclei which forms in the embryo prior to gastrulation plays a significant role in the formation of this gradient. In particular, given the small cytoplasmic diffusion constant of 0.3 microns2/s reported by Gregor et al., it has been proposed that the nuclear motion coincident with mitotic divisions serves to extend the length scale of the gradient. In this work we present time series measurements of the Bicoid gradient in unfertilized eggs, which lack nuclei other than a single female pronucleus. We find that the unfertilized gradient takes a form similar to the fertilized gradient modulated by a uniform positive offset across the egg, consistent with the claim that syncitial nuclei do not extend the length of the gradient. In addition, we present results of simulation to argue that nuclear trapping combined with observed nuclear motion is insufficient to resolve the paradox of a small diffusion constant and an embryo-length gradient.
Light-scattering studies of phase separation in isobutyric acid + water mixtures: Hydrodynamic effects

The growth of droplets in a binary fluid mixture undergoing phase separation has been studied by light scattering. The measurements have focused on the dependence of growth rate on the overall composition of the mixture. For mixtures of the critical composition, there is a crossover: ${k}_{m}$, the wave number corresponding to the maximum in the scattering, decreases initially as ${t}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{3}}$ and at long times as ${t}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. In accordance with hydro-dynamic arguments of Siggia [Phys. Rev. A 20, 595 (1979)], the existence of the crossover can be related to the volume fraction of the new phase $v$. Only for $v\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.10$ are cross-overs observed. In more dilute mixtures we find $|{k}_{m}|=A{t}^{\frac{\ensuremath{-}1}{3}}$ with $A$ proportional to $v$ for $0.10\ensuremath{\gtrsim}v\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.02$. Lifshitz-Slyozov growth, for which $A$ is independent of $v$, is found for $vl0.02$.
Prognostic factors in chondrosarcoma of bone. A clinicopathologic analysis with emphasis on histologic grading

The relationship between histopathology and tumor behavior was examined in 71 cases of chondrosarcoma. The tumors were grouped into Grades I, II, and III on the basis of mitotic rate, cellularity, and nuclear size. The five-year survival rates of Grades I, II, and III are 90%, 81%, and 43%, respectively, while the corresponding 10-year survival rates are 83%, 64%, and 29%. None of the Grade I chondrosarcomas metastasized, while metastasis was observed with 10% of the Grade II tumors and 71% of the Grade III tumors. No definite relationship between tumor grade and local recurrence was found. In addition, the significance of the extent of the original operative procedure was evaluated for chondrosarcoma, Grades I and II. Local recurrence which could not be controlled by additional surgery occurred in 46% of the patients treated initially by local excision, but in only 9.5% of those who were treated by amputation or resection of all or part of the involved bone. It is concluded that chondrosarcomas range from locally aggressive non-metastasizing neoplasms to high-grade malignancies with marked metastatic potential, and that these groups may be defined and separated by the use of histopathologic criteria. The rate of local recurrence, however, is primarily dependent on the adequacy of surgical therapy rather than histologic grade. Cancer 40:818–831, 1977.
Stepwise Confidence Intervals without Multiplicity Adjustment for Dose—Response and Toxicity Studies

Abstract Not all simultaneous inferences need multiplicity adjustment. If the sequence of individual inferences is predefined, and failure to achieve the desired inference at any step renders subsequent inferences unnecessary, then multiplicity adjustment is not needed. This can be justified using the closed testing principle to test appropriate hypotheses that are nested in sequence, starting with the most restrictive one. But what hypotheses are appropriate may not be obvious in some problems. We give a fundamentally different, confidence set–based justification by partitioning the parameter space naturally and using the principle that exactly one member of the partition contains the true parameter. In dose–response studies designed to show superiority of treatments over a placebo (negative control) or a drug known to be efficacious (active control), the confidence set approach generates methods with meaningful guarantee against incorrect decision, whereas previous applications of the closed testing app...
Economics of commercial trout production

Abstract Most trout production firms operate in a nearly unique combination of environmental conditions, markets, and geographic locations with the result that economic studies are scarce and none has systematically compared the economics of alternative strategies of operation. Such studies are important since cost-of-production analyses serve to integrate the physical and biological components of the production system, and with the revenues generated, determine the success, or lack of, for the firm. The material presented defines the components of a system model of trout production for use in decision making. The review also identifies areas where additional knowledge is needed for effective decision making analysis. The elements considered include marketing strategy, location of the operation, size of the operation, technological organization, operational decisions, and the biological factors of growth and survival of the fish. Gaps in information are substantial, particularly data on variation, but this could be easily reduced through greater interaction between economists and other scientists engaged in production research.
Interposed abdominal compression-cardiopulmonary resuscitation and resuscitation outcome during asystole and electromechanical dissociation.

BACKGROUNDCoronary perfusion pressure has been shown to be a significant determinant of return of spontaneous circulation from cardiac arrest during asystole and electromechanical dissociation. The addition of interposed abdominal compression to otherwise standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) increases coronary perfusion pressure in animal and human models.METHODS AND RESULTSAccordingly, we conducted a randomized prospective study of 143 consecutive patients experiencing cardiac arrest in a large university-affiliated teaching hospital in whom the initial arrest rhythm was asystole or electromechanical dissociation. Patients were randomized to receive either interposed abdominal compression-CPR or standard CPR. The two end points studied were return of spontaneous circulation and 24-hour survival. In addition, we studied the complications associated with interposed abdominal compression-CPR. Sixty-nine men and 74 women with a mean age of 64 years (range, 19-97 years) were studied. The overall rate ...
Planorbella duryi (Wetherby, 1879) from the crater-lake Albano (central Italy)

A rich population of Planorbella duryi (Wetherby) has been found in Lake Albano near Rome. It is a pulmonate aquatic snail inhabiting the zone of tropical climate, and heated artificial reservoirs outside this zone. It has migrated from its area of origin – Florida – to Africa, South America and some islands, has been introduced in a few botanical gardens in Europe, and also found a favourable habitat in a small crater-lake Albano in Italy where it is now abundant.
Electromagnetic modeling and analysis of wireless communication antennas

The goal of this article is threefold: to present the basic principles of the application of method of moments (MoM), finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) and finite-element method (FEM) to analysis of antennas; to present examples of antenna simulations that show the capabilities of some modern commercially available simulators; to discuss future trends in modeling and analysis of microwave and millimeter-wave antennas for wireless communications.
ATP Concentrations in Pinus banksiana Cuttings during Adventitious Rooting

Summary ATP concentrations in Pinus banksiana Lamb. cuttings were monitored during propagation. The cuttings, which initiate adventitious roots only in basal stem callus, were prepared from 90-day-old seedlings and treated with the auxin N -phenyl indolyl-3-butyramide in 100% ethanol to promote rooting; controls were treated with 100% ethanol alone. The base (lowest 1 em stem), stem (2 em section), and needles (mid-stem) of cuttings were sampled at day 0 and daily for the first 10 days of propagation, before and during root primordium initiation. ATP was measured by bioluminescent assay. Regardless of treatment, ATP concentrations decreased about 25% in stem during the test and were unchanged in needles. In contrast, ATP concentrations in the base of control cuttings about doubled between days 0 and 4, then decreased by day 10 to the day 0 value. Maximum (day 4) ATP concentrations in the base of auxin-treated cuttings were about twice as great as in controls. However, temporal ATP concentrations in the base of control and auxin-treated cuttings were positively related. Overall, spatiotemporal changes in ATP concentrations were positively related to normal and auxin-induced callusing-rooting.
Small sample properties of the maximum likelihood estimator associated with fisher’s linkage problem

A classical problem in estimation theory is that of the estimation of linkage from the progeny of self-fertilized heterozygotes. Fisher uses data pertaining to the factors starchy vs. sugary, and green vs. white base leaf, in maize, demonstrating that linkage is indeed present since in its absence the ratio of occurrence of the four categories would be 9: 3: 3:1, this hypothesis being unacceptable from the data. The basic problem reduces to the estimation of 0 from observed frequencies of four categories whose probabilities are (2 + θ)/4, (1 − θ)/4, (1 − θ)/4, and θ/4. Using a large digital computer we k d the exact distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator 8 for a selection of values of B and sample sizes ranging from 30 to 100, For large sample sizes; we give the approximate distribution of
Isolation of bovine thymin: a polypeptide hormone of the thymus.

Two closely related polypeptides termed thymin I and II were isolated from bovine thymus by their effect in causing a delayed impairment of neuromuscular transmission in vivo. Purified thymin also induced bone marrow cells to develop the characteristics of intrathymic lymphocytes and it is probable that thymin is a lymphopoietic differentiating hormone of the thymus with secondary neuromuscular effects.
Massive ibuprofen overdose requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for cardiovascular support.

OBJECTIVE: Ibuprofen is rarely associated with severe toxicity. We report a massive ibuprofen overdose that resulted in refractory hypotension requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for cardiovascular support. DESIGN: Individual case report. SETTING: Pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital. PATIENT: A 14-yr-old male presented with apnea and cardiovascular collapse after a nonaccidental ingestion of approximately 50 g of ibuprofen. His laboratory evaluation demonstrated an anion gap metabolic acidosis and elevated lactate levels. INTERVENTIONS: The patient required pressor support with norepinephrine, phenylephrine, and vasopressin infusions. Due to refractory hypotension, he was placed on ECMO. His serum ibuprofen level at an estimated 5-10 hrs postingestion was 776 microg/mL (therapeutic 20-30 microg/mL). Urine toxicological screen for drugs of abuse, serum acetaminophen, salicylate, and carboxyhemoglobin levels showed that these levels were not elevated. The patient developed high-output renal failure, pulmonary hemorrhage, and gastric bleeding, all of which resolved by hospital day 3. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: ECMO was discontinued on hospital day 4, inotropic support was discontinued, and the patient was extubated on hospital day 5. He was transferred to an inpatient psychiatric unit on hospital day 9 with no identifiable medical sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: Although ibuprofen overdose typically has few consequences, severe hypotension, renal failure, and gastrointestinal bleeding can occur. We report the first known case of successful ECMO therapy for ibuprofen overdose. Language: en
Discussion of `Note on a nonlinearity parameter of surface waves' by S. Beji

A recently proposed rescaling of the governing equations for inviscid, irrotational, free surface hydrodynamics is reconsidered. A redefinition of the proposed scaling parameters leads to a nondimensionalized problem which contains both the usual intermediate depth scaling and the shallow water scaling as asymptotic limits, thus eliminating the need for a separate development of scaling arguments for the two regimes as given in most standard references.
Innovative Chemical Processing Of Electronic And Optical Materials

The sol-gel method for the preparation of oxide ceramics has been successfully applied for many materials in the past few years. Most recently, under SDIO/AFOSR sponsorship, this method has been applied to two types of materials. These are the high temperature superconducting ceramic oxides and the infrared transmitting sulfides. Bulk solids, fibers and thin films of YBa2Cu3O7 have been successfully prepared.
All bugs, big and small.

The rapid progress in genome sequencing has launcheda real revolution in microbiology and is beginning toimpact other life sciences. Despite lingering debates onthe principles for selection of organisms to be sequenced,the quality of data, and the astonishing number of unchar-acterized proteins encoded in even simple bacterialgenomes, no one can even imagine a return to the pre-genomic ‘Dark Ages’.The ever-increasing ﬂood of genomic data is now start-ing to include more and more environmentally relevantorganisms. For a number of reasons, the ﬁrst genomesequencing projects targeted mostly classical modelorganisms (
Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) head tissues:physical properties and CT imaging

SUMMARY Tissue physical properties from a Cuvier9s beaked whale ( Ziphius cavirostris) neonate head are reported and compared with computed tomography (CT) X-ray imaging. Physical properties measured include longitudinal sound velocity, density, elastic modulus and hysteresis. Tissues were classified by type as follows: mandibular acoustic fat, mandibular blubber, forehead acoustic fat (melon), forehead blubber, muscle and connective tissue. Results show that each class of tissues has unique, co-varying physical properties. The mandibular acoustic fats had minimal values for sound speed (1350±10.6 m s –1 ) and mass density (890±23 kg m –3 ). These values increased through mandibular blubber (1376±13 m s –1 , 919±13 kg m –3 ), melon (1382±23 m s –1 , 937±17 kg m –3 ), forehead blubber (1401±7.8 m s –1 , 935±25 kg m –3 ) and muscle (1517±46.8 m s –1 , 993±58 kg m –3 ). Connective tissue had the greatest mean sound speed and density (1628±48.7 m s –1 , 1087±41 kg m –3 ). The melon formed a low-density, low-sound-speed core, supporting its function as a sound focusing organ. Hounsfield unit (HU) values from CT X-ray imaging are correlated with density and sound speed values, allowing HU values to be used to predict these physical properties. Blubber and connective tissues have a higher elastic modulus than acoustic fats and melon, suggesting more collagen structure in blubber and connective tissues. Blubber tissue elastic modulus is nonlinear with varying stress, becoming more incompressible as stress is increased. These data provide important physical properties required to construct models of the sound generation and reception mechanisms in Ziphius cavirostris heads, as well as models of their interaction with anthropogenic sound.
Composition and species diversity in Paleocene and Eocene mammal assemblages: an empirical study

ABSTRACT Sixteen mammalian assemblages from the middle Paleocene (Torrejonian) to early Eocene (Wasatchian) of western North America have been studied to determine their species composition and diversity. Torrejonian and Tiffanian faunas are dominated by small mammals of archaic aspect, while larger forms predominate in Clarkforkian assemblages and remain common in the Wasatchian. Both Clarkforkian and Wasatchian faunas are characterized by immigrant taxa, including representatives of more modern groups of mammals. Torrejonian assemblages have many species, and species abundances are relatively equitably distributed. Early and middle Tiffanian samples reveal a significant drop in both species richness and evenness, with predominance of one or two species; but diversity may have increased in the late Tiffanian. Clarkforkian assemblages resemble early-middle Tiffanian ones in their low species richness and evenness. Wasatchian assemblages, however, are somewhat richer in species and show much greater equita...
Laryngeal mask airways have a lower risk of airway complications compared with endotracheal intubation: a systematic review.

Purpose The purpose of the present study was to determine whether, in patients undergoing general anesthesia, those provided with a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) have a lower risk of airway-related complications than those undergoing endotracheal intubation. Materials and Methods A systematic review of randomized prospective controlled trials was done to compare the risk of airway complications with an LMA versus an endotracheal tube (ETT) in patients receiving general anesthesia. Two independent reviewers identified 29 randomized prospective controlled trials that met the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data for each individual outcome measure were combined to analyze the relative risk ratios (RRs). The Cochrane RevMan software was used for statistical analysis. Results When an ETT was used to protect the airway, a statistically significant greater incidence of hoarse voice (RR 2.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.55 to 4.34), a greater incidence of laryngospasm during emergence (RR 3.16, 95% CI 1.38 to 7.21), a greater incidence of coughing (RR 7.12, 95% CI 4.28 to 11.84), and a greater incidence of sore throat (RR 1.67, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.11) was found compared with when an LMA was used to protect the airway. The differences in the risk of regurgitation (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.27 to 2.59), vomiting (RR 1.56, 95% CI 0.74 to 3.26), nausea (RR 1.59, 95% CI 0.91 to 2.78), and the success of insertion on the first attempt (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.18) were not statistically significant between the 2 groups. Conclusions For the patients receiving general anesthesia, the use of the LMA resulted in a statistically and clinically significant lower incidence of laryngospasm during emergence, postoperative hoarse voice, and coughing than when using an ETT. The risk of aspiration could not be determined because only 1 study reported a single case of aspiration, which was in the group using the ETT.
Circulating fetuin-A levels are not affected by short and long-term energy deprivation and/or by leptin administration.

Abstract Objective Fetuin-A may mediate cross-talk between the liver and adipose tissue. We studied the physiologic regulation of fetuin-A and explored its potential regulation by leptin. Design and Methods Fetuin-A levels were measured in three interventional studies as well as in in vitro experiments. Study 1: 15 lean subjects received placebo or physiologic replacement-dose recombinant human leptin (metreleptin) following short term complete caloric deprivation to induce severe hypoleptinemia; Study 2: 7 women with relative leptin deficiency due to strenuous exercise or low weight received 3 months of metreleptin; Study 3: 17 women with relative leptin deficiency were randomized to receive metreleptin or placebo over 9 months. In study 4 human hepatoma Hep G2 cells were treated with leptin. Fetuin-A mRNA expression and secretion were measured. Results Complete caloric deprivation significantly decreased leptin but had no effect on fetuin-A levels. Normalizing leptin levels with metreleptin in hypoleptinemic subjects had no effect on circulating fetuin-A levels. Leptin treatment had no effect on fetuin-A mRNA expression and secretion in vitro. Conclusions Circulating fetuin-A levels are not affected by short and long-term energy deprivation. Furthermore, both in vivo and in vitro experiments confirm that fetuin-A is not regulated by leptin.
On the mechanism of ion exchange in crystalline zirconium phosphates - IV potassium ion exchange of α-zirconium phosphate

Abstract The ion exchange behavior of α-zirconium phosphate crystals titrated with potassium ion and the behavior of the potassium-exchanged forms titrated with HCl has been examined. The replacement of protons by potassium ion takes place in two stages. In the first stage, the α-ZrP crystals are converted to Zr(KPO4)(HPO4)·H2O and this reaction is followed by replacement of the second proton to yield Zr(KPO4)2·3H2O. The reactions are not reversible as solid solutions of hydrogen ion in the potassium phases are formed on addition of dilute hydrochloric acid to the potassium-exchanged phases. The dehydration behavior of the exchanged forms was also determined. It is also shown that the approach to equilibrium is very slow and explanations for this behavior are presented.
Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes differentiation, not self-renewal, of human embryonic stem cells and is repressed by Oct4

Signal transduction pathways play diverse, context-dependent roles in vertebrate development. In studies of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), conflicting reports claim Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes either self-renewal or differentiation. We use a sensitive reporter to establish that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is not active during hESC self-renewal. Inhibiting this pathway over multiple passages has no detrimental effect on hESC maintenance, whereas activating signaling results in loss of self-renewal and induction of mesoderm lineage genes. Following exposure to pathway agonists, hESCs exhibit a delay in activation of β-catenin signaling, which led us to postulate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is actively repressed during self-renewal. In support of this hypothesis, we demonstrate that OCT4 represses β-catenin signaling during self-renewal and that targeted knockdown of OCT4 activates β-catenin signaling in hESCs. Using a fluorescent reporter of β-catenin signaling in live hESCs, we observe that the reporter is activated in a very heterogeneous manner in response to stimulation with Wnt ligand. Sorting cells on the basis of their fluorescence reveals that hESCs with elevated β-catenin signaling express higher levels of differentiation markers. Together these data support a dominant role for Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the differentiation rather than self-renewal of hESCs.
Vacuum-ultraviolet radiation damage of the KCl surface—application of combined spectroscopic ellipsometry and reflectometry

Abstract A spectroscopic study (1.7 to 4.0 eV) of the surface damage layer, formed when KCl is exposed to vacuum-ultraviolet radiation, is carried out using ellipsometry and reflectometry. The results indicate the formation of a thin layer (~30–300 A) with a high density of F-centers (~3 × 1019 cm−3) and of aggregate centers near the surface. The F-center absorption band in the damage layer appears at 0.04 ± 0.02 eV to lower energy and with 30% larger width, relative to the bulk F-band. An approximate theoretical description of the defect-surface interaction indicates that this shift and broadening is of the correct magnitude and direction to be the result of such an interaction. However, the possibility that the apparent shift may also result from the presence of unresolved aggregate absorptions cannot be ruled out. It is also shown that a thin exponentially inhomogeneous film, such as that assumed to result from photochemical coloration of KCl, can be approximated as an “equivalent homogeneous film” for the purpose of analysis of ellipsometric data.