cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential Relationships Between Experiential and Interpretive Dimensions of Mysticism and Schizotypal Magical Ideation in a University Sample

This study applied a body of knowledge derived from the common core thesis of mysticism to investigate the hypothesis that similarities in belief significantly contribute to the appearance of overlap between mystical and positive dimension schizotypal phenomena. Data from 211 university students who completed Hood's Mysticism Scale and Eckblad and Chapman's Magical Ideation Scale were submitted to correlational analyses. Contrary to the hypothesis, results indicated that positive schizotypy correlates more strongly with the experiential dimensions of mysticism than with the interpretive dimension of mysticism. These correlation differences suggest criteria for distinguishing mystical and schizotypal experiences and identify specific points of overlap. Suggestions for future research into this relationship, and implications for schizotypy research, are noted.
Triplet photochemistry of medium ring trienes

Abstract The photochemistry of the triplets of 10- and 11-membered ring 1,3,5-trienes has been studied. At −70° cis,trans,cis-cyclodeca-1,3,5-triene goes only to the cis,cis,cis-isomer. At 25°, this latter compound is converted into cis-bicyclo[4.4.0]deca-2,4-diene via the thermally labile trans,cis,trans-cyclodeca-1,3,5-triene. At −70° cis,trans,cis-cycloundeca-1,3,5-triene is converted to the cis,cis,cis-isomer. At 25°, this primary ptotochemical product undergoes a thermal 1,7-sigmatropic hydrogen migration to yield the trans,cis,cis, isomer. This latter triene upon sensitized irradiation yields cis-bicyclo[5.4.0]undeca-8,10-diene and trans-bicyclo[7.2.0]undeca-2,10-diene. The ratio of these latter two products changes with the temperature of the sensitized reaction. The possible mechanisims of these transformations are discussed.
Comparative effects of soil solarization with single and double layers of polyethylene film on survival of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum

Soil solarization (SoSol) with a single layer of transparent polyethylene (PE) film, traps considerable heat and moisture in soil. Solarization of field soil with two layers of 1 mil (25 μm thick) PE film, separated by a 6-cm air layer, caused soil temperatures at 15 cm depth to rise by 12.7°C and 3.6°C over those in noncovered soil or soil covered by one layer of film, respectively; at 30 cm depth the respective differences in temperature were 11.2°C and 2.7°C. Viability of propagules (mainly chlamydospores) ofFusarium oxysporum f. sp.vasinfectum that had been buried at 30 cm depth, was reduced after 31 days of solarization by 97.5%, 58%, and 0% under a double film layer, a single layer, and in non-covered soil, respectively. The insulating effect of a double layer of PE film improved heat retention in soil and the solarization effect.
Determination of C6C10 aromatic hydrocarbons in water by purge-and-trap capillary gas chromatography

Abstract A method is described for the determination of the C6C10 aromatic hydrocarbons in water based on purge-and-trap capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. Retention time data and 70 eV mass spectra were obtained for benzene and all 35 C7C10 aromatic hydrocarbons. With optimized chromatographic conditions and mass spectrometric detection, benzene and 33 of the 35 alkylbenzenes can be identified and measured in a 45-min run. Use of a flame ionization detector permits the simultaneous determination of benzene and 26 alkylbenzenes.
The implications of OX3.

Abstract In current practice and in the medical literature the term “oriented to person” has diverse definitions. This situation has persisted for at least 50 years without causing problems in communication because clinical decisions are based upon evidence of disorientation to time and place; disorientation to person, no matter how defined, is not the basis for treatment decisions. The phrase “oriented times three” is recognizable as jargon, but it implies a specific examination that is often omitted. The phrase is uttered in a ritualistic manner, occupying space in clinical notes even though it may be of little salience to the case. The emphasis in medicine upon completeness encourages phrases or abbreviations that imply this completeness, when in fact, medical writing would be enhanced by attention to the salience of every word in a brief report. Although the meaning of words may change over the years, the meaning of a medical abbreviation should be fixed and precise, not permitted to evolve.
The impact of mastopexy on brassiere cup size.

BACKGROUND Surgeon observation suggested that mastopexy alone resulted in decreased cup size. The purpose of this investigation was to assess change in cup size in women undergoing mastopexy alone. METHODS A retrospective review of a single surgeon's experience from February of 2002 to May of 2011 was completed. Patients underwent mastopexy alone (specimen weight<150 g per side). Exclusion criteria were prior breast augmentation, implant removal at time of mastopexy, combination breast augmentation-mastopexy, and incomplete follow-up. Patients were surveyed by telephone regarding preoperative and postoperative cup size, changes in bra manufacturer, hormone status, and weight gain/loss, and data were analyzed. RESULTS Sixty-one patients met inclusion criteria, and 20 completed the survey. Their average age was 46.6 years (range, 35 to 76 years) and average body mass index was 22.8 kg/m (range, 18.2 to 26.4 kg/m). Eighty percent (n=16) had grade II ptosis and 20 percent (n=4) had grade III ptosis preoperatively. Average specimen weight per breast was 57.8 g (range, 4 to 149 g). Patients reported an average decrease in cup size of 0.90 cup sizes (range, -3 to +2 cup sizes). Excluding one patient who reported an increase, an average decrease of 1.05 cup sizes (range, 0 to 3 cup sizes) was seen. No patients reported changing bra manufacturer. CONCLUSIONS Mastopexy alone results in an average decrease in one brassiere cup size. This is important for preoperative counseling, because patients should recognize that their actual cup size is smaller than the brassiere they wear, which will be reflected postoperatively despite a relatively stable volume. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, IV.
Social networks and work/nonwork life: Action-research with nurse managers

An action-research project with hospital nurses is reported which explores the utility of social network analysis for understanding and enhancing the quality of work life. Based on a framework for conceptualizing work stressors, we present a rationale for developing resource-support groups. These groups combine emotional support, group problem-solving, and participatory decision-making within the context of developing programs and policies to enhance the quality of working life. A workshop help for nurse managers focused on the potential for using these groups to achieve specific, prioritized goals. To study the ecology of work/nonwork life, we obtained data from workshop participants on both their work and nonwork social networks. We found these to be almost totally segmented. Personal, organizational, and sociocultural variables that may account for this pattern are examined. Implications are also discussed for developing support programs and for empowering nursing as a profession.
DNA extraction protocol for rapid PCR detection of pathogenic bacteria

Twelve reagents were evaluated to develop a direct DNA extraction method suitable for PCR detection of foodborne bacterial pathogens. Many reagents exhibited strong PCR inhibition, requiring significant dilution of the extract with a corresponding reduction in sensitivity. Most reagents also exhibited much lower recovery of DNA from the gram-positive test organism (Listeria monocytogenes) than from the gram-negative organism (Escherichia coli O157:H7), preventing unbiased detection and quantitation of both organisms. The 5× HotSHOT+Tween reagent exhibited minimal inhibition and high extraction efficiency for both test organisms, providing a 15-min single-tube DNA-extraction protocol suitable for highly sensitive quantitative PCR assays.
Secondary emission studies of hot carrier relaxation in polar semiconductors

The details of the initial relaxation of optically injected hot carriers in polar semiconductors are studied by Raman scattering from nonequilibrium LO phonons and anti-Stokes hot luminescence. Experiments on intrinsic and doped GaAs reveal carrier-phonon and carrier-carrier interaction times, the wavevector dependence of the hot phonon distribution, and the influence of holes on the LO phonon lifetime. Studies in AlxGa1−xAs probe the influence of alloy disorder on the generation of hot phonons. In addition, because there are two optic phonon modes in AlxGa1−xAs, we can experimentally measure the effect of ionicity (the frequency difference between LO and TO phonons) on the generation rate for the hot phonons.
Glomerular actions of nitric oxide

NO, a simple molecule synthesized from L-arginine by NO synthases, has been identified to play an important role in cell communication, cell defense and cell injury. The half life of NO is very short because NO either reacts with superoxide anion (O2-), and/or binds to heme molecules or Fe-S groups present in proteins. The biological effects of NO depend on both the concentration of NO at the site of action as well as upon the specific location where NO is generated. Small quantities of NO are generated by cNOS such as that present in the vascular endothelium, while large quantities of nitric oxide are synthesized by iNOS in response to cytokines or bacterial products. Within the kidney NO generated by endothelial cNOS participates in the regulation of the glomerular microcirculation by modifying the tone of the afferent arteriole and mesangial cells (Fig. 4). In addition, NO generated by macula densa and the afferent arteriole control glomerular hemodynamics via TGF and by modulating renin release. Therefore NO is important in the physiologic regulation of glomerular capillary blood pressure, glomerular plasma flow and the glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient. Through its actions on glomerular pressures and flows, NO may also regulate the macro- and micromolecular traffic through the mesangium. Chronic NO insufficiency causes hypertension and glomerular damage and may be causally involved in the genesis of salt dependent hypertension. Increased NO production may be involved in the early pathogenic hemodynamic changes in diabetes and in the physiologic hemodynamic responses to normal pregnancy. Maintenance of the antithrombogenic properties of the endothelium is another important action of NO which inhibits platelet aggregation and adhesion. Large quantities of NO such as that synthesized by either glomerular cells or macrophages during glomerular inflammation may lead to glomerular injury. A better understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of NO in the kidney will lead to the development of new therapeutic avenues.
Post-transcriptional gene regulation by HuR promotes a more tumorigenic phenotype

In a breast tumor xenograft model, the MCT-1 oncogene increases the in vivo tumorgenicity of MCF7 cells by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting apoptosis. Increases in the tumor microvascular density are accompanied by a strong reduction in the levels of the angiogenesis inhibitor thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), but the mechanisms underlying this process are unknown. We show that TSP1 expression is controlled, at least in part, by post-transcriptional events. Using RNA interference to knock down the expression of the RNA-binding protein HuR in MCF7 cells as well as HuR overexpression, we demonstrate that HuR plays an important role in translation of the TSP1 mRNA. Furthermore, employing the RIP-Chip assay yielded 595 transcripts with significantly altered binding to HuR in the more tumorigenic breast cancer clones compared with the weakly tumorigenic clones. These mRNAs clustered in several pathways implicated in the transformed phenotype, such as the RAS pathway (involved in mitogenesis), the PI3K pathway (evasion of apoptosis) and pathways mediating angiogenesis and the cellular response to hypoxia. These findings demonstrate for the first time that global changes in HuR-bound mRNAs are implicated in the evolution to a more tumorigenic phenotype in an in vivo tumor model and underscore the role of global mRNA-protein interactions toward tumor progression.
Solving the brain synchrony eigenvalue problem: conservation of temporal dynamics (fMRI) over subjects doing the same task

Brain measures often show highly structured temporal dynamics that synchronize when observers are doing the same task. The standard method for analysis of brain imaging signals (e.g. fMRI) uses the GLM for each voxel indexed against a specified experimental design but does not explicitly involve temporal dynamics. Consequently, the design variables that determine the functional brain areas are those correlated with the design variation rather than the common or conserved brain areas across subjects with the same temporal dynamics given the same stimulus conditions. This raises an important theoretical question: Are temporal dynamics conserved across individuals experiencing the same stimulus task? This general question can be framed in a dynamical systems context and further be posed as an eigenvalue problem about the conservation of synchrony across all brains simultaneously. We show that solving the problem results in a non-arbitrary measure of temporal dynamics across brains that scales over any number of subjects, stabilizes with increasing sample size, and varies systematically across tasks and stimulus conditions.
On the use of ΔQ° rather than T°ΔS° in the calculation of ΔG° accompanying the oxidation or fermentation of catabolic substrates of biological importance in their standard states

Abstract The purpose of this study has been to determine the effect of substituting Δ Q ° for T °Δ S ° in the Gibbs free energy equation (Δ G °=Δ H °− T °Δ S °, Eq. (1) ) so that Δ G ° Δ Q =Δ H °−Δ Q ° ( Eq. (2) ). The result is that values of Δ c G ° Δ Q averaged 1.04±0.01 ( n =5) times more negative than those of Δ c G ° for the bomb calorimetric oxidations of five liquid catabolic substrates, with a range 1.02–1.06. Values of Δ c G ° Δ Q averaged 1.03±0.01 ( n =17) times more negative than those of Δ c G ° for 17 theoretical bomb calorimetric oxidations of solid catabolic substrates, with a range 1.02–1.05 . While significant, these differences are not large because in bomb calorimetric oxidations the values of T °Δ c S ° and Δ c Q ° are small compared to those of Δ c H °. On the other hand, for six fermentations values of T °Δ p S ° and Δ p Q ° are much larger compared to values of Δ p H ° than those for oxidations. Here, values of Δ p G ° showed wide variations from Δ p G ° Δ Q , ranging from 4.88 times greater to 0.88 times less. Clearly, the whole approach to making these calculations using Eq. (2) is fundamentally different and significant to the extent given above. The difference between the use of Eqs. (1) and (2) is not trivial. Eq. (2) represents a different interpretation of the method of calculating the change in the quantity of absorbed thermal energy exchanged by an irreversible system such as a growth process as it passes from an initial to a final state. It is certainly more simple. It may be more correct. Because Δ G ° Δ Q is not the same as Δ G °, it is suggested that the Δ G ° Δ Q term in Eq. (2) be changed to Δ X °, this letter not being previously used in biological thermochemistry, so that Δ X °=Δ H °−Δ Q °.
From Cassandra to gaia: The limits of civic humanism in a post-ecological world

L'A. critique les presupposes civiques et humanistes de l'interpretation des problemes ecologiques que donne C. Waddell dans son article «Perils of Modern Cassandra: Rhetorical Aspects of Public Indifference to the Population Explosion». Il s'agit donc de debattre des notions de sphere publique, d'auditoire et d'eloquence en ce qui concerne le traitement rhetorique des problemes de l'environement, compris a la lumiere d'une comparaison entre les metaphores de Cassandre et Gaia
Plastic-based distributed feedback laser biosensors in microplate format

We characterized the uniformity and sensitivity of the distributed feedback laser biosensors in 96-well microplate format, with a thickness standard deviation of ∼35 nm. An assay was also used to demonstrate its biomolecule detection ability.
Periods of Sensitivity to Chilling in Germinating Cotton

Cotton seedlings were subjected to a 96 hour chilling treatment (5° or 10°) after periods of germination at 31° ranging from 0 to 48 hours. Inhibition of subsequent growth at a favorable temperature by chilling was dependent on level of low temperature and stage of seedling development when chilled. Two periods of chilling hypersensitivity were observed during germination: 1) coincident with subjection of seed to a germination environment; and 2) after 18 to 30 hours of germination at 31°. Subsequent growth of seedlings chilled after 12 to 18 hours or 48 hours of germination at 31° was relatively unaffected. It is suggested that chilling alters specifically timed events that occur at the initiation of germination and after 18 to 30 hours of germination, and that alteration of these germination processes is visited on long term subsequent growth of the plant.
The morphophonemics of gender in Spanish nouns

Abstract It is suggested that there are no monomorphemic nouns in Spanish, i.e., gender functions as a morpheme with all nouns. Gender morphemes can be determined in several ways: through paradigmatic opposition in the variable nouns and through segmentation and syntagmatic alternation in the invariable nouns. Gender morphemes are represented by various allomorphs which correspond to particular sub-classes of nouns in the short form, and are always the last element in the noun, maintaining this position even when the diminutive and augmentative suffixes are added. After diminutive and augmentative suffixes, however, the gender morpheme is represented by the basic form of the allomorph / and /-a/. Appendix B describes in terms of formulas the eleven classes of variables and the eight classes of invariable nouns.
Crosslinking cotton cellulose with ethyleneurea derivatives having varying hydrogen-bonding capabilities. II. Accessibility determinations

In a continuation of previously reported work of the effect on cotton cellulose of ethyleneurea crosslinking agents modified with ring substituents of varying hydrogen-bonding capabilities, accessibilities of the cellulosic hydroxylic protons to exchange with deuterium oxide vapor were determined by means of infrared spectroscopy. In analyzing these values with respect to previously reported data on physical properties of the treated fabrics, it was found that accessibility to deuterium oxide did not correlate with moisture regain of the resin-treated samples as has been reported for physically modified celluloses. It appears that the different resins did have some effect on the structure of water adsorbed by the fiber and also that the solvent affected the manner in which the resins attached themselves to the cellulose and eliminated water from the structure. Values of accessibility were not found to correlate well with crease recovery, although a weak trend was indicated. Accessibility was found to decrease as the infrared band for ring stretching decreased.
Polymorphic Architecture for an Electronic Nose (eNose)

Bioinspired evolvable techniques significantly increase the functionality of autonomous low-power detection systems by enabling them to learn, adapt and self-reconfigure through use of programmable BioFET devices. Electronic artificial noses or sniffers as bioinspired devices are under development that produces holograms stored within three-dimensional protein memory structures enabling automated real-time detection and classification of odors, vapors and contamination within gases.
Is China prepared for microbial threats

There is no bigger acute microbial threat to China, and to the rest of the world, than an influenza pandemic, and no better time to prepare for this eventuality than now. David Ho asks what more China could be doing.
High-Purity Diamagnetic Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Buckypaper

We describe a novel purification process for single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) materials that removes non-nanotube carbon and reduces ferromagnetic impurities to levels at which native SWNT magnetic properties predominate. Ferromagnetism is reduced from 1.04 to less than 0.013 emu/g by magnetic gradient filtration. This procedure creates samples of sufficient quality for spectroscopies such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The overall cleanliness and purity of the material is confirmed through NIR absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, C60 filling experiments with yields exceeding 90%, and high-resolution 13C NMR.
Enrollment decline and school reorganization—A cost efficiency analysis

Abstract The recent enrollment decline and its cost implications are major financial concerns for many school districts. This paper presents an analytical framework enabling the examination of the cost impact of a school reorganization that specifically involves the shifting of ninth-graders to senior high school and simultaneously transferring sixth-graders to junior high schools. Main considerations pointing to the merit of such a plan are likely benefits of scale economies and increased capacity utilization, combined with the economic advantage of having the most expensive resources (vested in high schools) least underutilized. An empirical study of schools in a metropolitan suburban county suggests that there can be a major cost saving under the proposed plan.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA PCR in the microbiology teaching laboratory: Identification of bacterial unknowns*

There continues to be a need for authentic and engaging undergraduate teaching laboratory investigations that reflect modern molecular biological research methods. We adapted random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis for the microbiology laboratory as a practical activity that allowed students to generate and analyze data for the identification of bacterial unknowns. The activity gave students an appreciation of the value of applying a molecular biological method to a discipline-specific question. The abbreviation used is: RAPD, random amplified polymorphic DNA.
Electronics industry drivers of intermediation and disintermediation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to summarize the current thinking on intermediation and disintermediation, extract candidate drivers for this cycle, capture the expert opinions on what is driving the cycle and determine the quantitative and qualitative conclusions related to the electronics industry supply network integration and requirements for its success.Design/methodology/approach – A series of one‐on‐one expert interviews were conducted to establish the validity of the initial list of drivers and to add to this list based upon their expert knowledge. A web‐based survey followed with the purpose of validating the final dimensions list and assessing the various alternative value propositions that intermediaries should be considering. Finally, a Delphi exercise concluded this research thrust by convening experts in the electronics supply network for a one‐day review of the results and a distillation of the results into expert forecasts of directions and trends.Findings – Any supply chain interme...
Adult Students' Academic and Intellectual Development in College:

The ACT College Outcomes Survey was used with a national sample of approximately 28,000 undergraduate students to evaluate the effects of the college environment on academic and intellectual develo...
Near-Wake Turbulent Flow Structure and Mixing Length Downstream of a Fractal Tree

In order to study the turbulence structure behind a multiscale tree-like element in a boundary layer, detailed particle image velocimetry measurements are carried out in the near-wake of a fractal-like tree. The tree is a pre-fractal with five generations, each consisting of three branches and a scale-reduction factor of 1/2 between consecutive generations. Detailed mean velocity and turbulence stress profiles are documented, as well as their downstream development. Scatter plots of mean velocity gradient (transverse shear in the wake) and Reynolds shear stress exhibit a good linear relation at all locations in the flow. Therefore, in the transverse direction of the wake evolution, the data support the Boussinesq eddy-viscosity concept. The measured mixing length increases with streamwise distance, in agreement with classic wake expansion rates. Conversely, the measured eddy viscosity and mixing length in the transverse direction decrease with increasing elevation, which differs from the behaviours measured in the vertical direction in traditional boundary layers or in canopy flows studied before. In order to find an appropriate single length scale to describe the wake evolution behind a multiscale object, two models are proposed, based on the notion of superposition of scales. One approach is based on the radial spectrum of the object while the second is based on its length-scale distribution evaluated using fractal geometry tools. Both proposed models agree well with the measured mixing length. The results suggest that information about multiscale clustering of branches must be incorporated into models of the mixing length for flows through single or sparse canopies of multiscale trees.
Induced Stress, Situationally‐Specific Trait Anxiety, and Dark Focus

In the absence of direct stimulation for accommodation, the eye assumes an intermediate state of accommodation known as dark focus (DF). While there has been some indirect evidence that DF may be influenced by stress, such an effect has not been demonstrated using direct experimental manipulation. Thirty-three undergraduate subjects had their DF levels measured under two stress conditions–an experimental condition, where they were told that their responses were being evaluated by the experimenter, and a control condition, where no such evaluation was implied. Subjects also completed the S-R Inventory of General Trait Anxiousness, a measure of situationally-specific trait anxiety. One of the five subscales on this instrument assesses evaluation anxiety, the degree to which the individual feels anxious in situations where he/she is being evaluated. It was found that DF increased (i.e., shifted closer to the observer) in the experimental condition. However, the effect was limited to subjects who scored high in evaluation anxiety. It was concluded that such induced stress does have an impact on DF, and that experiments involving stress manipulations must consider the relative sensitivities of subjects to the specific stress situations being used.
Insecticides Applied at Planting Time for Control of Corn Rootworm Larvae in Nebraska

Granular insecticide formulations were investigated in the field for control of larvae of Diabrolica spp. at Mead, Concord, and North Bend, Nebr, Studies over a 4-year period show that Bux® (3:1 mixture of m- (1-methylbutyl) phenyl methylcarbamate and m- (1-ethylpropyl) phenyl methylcarbamate), Dyfonate® (O-ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate), Dasanit® (O,O-diethyl O-[P- (methylsulfinyl) phenyl) phosphorothioate), Landrin® (3,4,5-trimethylphenyl methylcarbamate), Mocap® (O-ethyl S,S dipropyl phosphorodithioate), carbofuran and phorate applied at rates of 0.75-1.0 Ib active ingredient (AI) per acre provided acceptable com rootworm control when applied at planting time in 6-inch bands over the row. Diazinon applied at 1.0 Ib AI per acre gave inconsistent control with planting applications. Carbaryl applied at 2.0 lb AI per acre and parathion at 1.0 Ib AI per acre did not provide effective rootworm control.
A measuring probe to facilitate measurement of cardiovascular structures displayed on radiographs

Abstract A measuring probe for aid in precise radiographic measurements in the cardiovascular system has been described, along with a brief review of other measuring methods.
Trajectories of externalizing problems among war-affected youth in Sierra Leone: Results from a longitudinal study

Abstract Mental health problems are linked to violence exposures such as witnessing or participating in war-related activities. Of particular concern is whether such exposure perpetuates risk of violent behavior. Externalizing problems have received limited attention in research on war-affected youth. Three waves of data (2002–2008) from a prospective longitudinal study in Sierra Leone were used to examine externalizing trajectories in 529 war-affected youth (average age 14.9 at baseline; 25% female). Of four groups, the largest represented a trajectory designated as ‘stable,’ with relatively low levels of externalizing at baseline declining slightly across the time points. Compared to the stable group, the probability of being classified in the ‘deteriorators’ group was greater among those who reported having injured/killed another person during the war and with a history of family abuse and neglect reported at T3. Membership in the ‘improvers’ group was more likely for those with higher family support and was also associated with reporting injuring/killing others during the war. A minority indicated sustained, heightened symptom levels, which was also associated with family abuse and neglect following the war. Our findings demonstrate that both traumatic war experiences and post-war experiences play vital roles in shaping adolescents' trajectories of externalizing over time.
Aminoglycoside array for the high-throughput analysis of small molecule–RNA interactions

Aminoglycoside-based oligosaccharides were bound to microtiter plates using noncovalent display with hybridization confirmed by mass spectrometry. Recognition of the saccharides by a model of the prokaryotic 16S aminoacyl site of the ribosomal decoding region was then determined. Tobramycin binding constants that correlated with surface plasmon resonance values for the model were effectively measured and novel means for binding aminoglycoside-based members were discovered for application to future aminoglycoside libraries.
A survey of diagnosis, management, and grading of chronic GVHD

Abstract Chronic GVHD (cGVHD) is a potentially devastating late complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. To better understand current diagnostic and treatment practices regarding this complication, we mailed a self-administered survey to 188 adult and pediatric transplantation programs. The survey collected data on experience with therapies for cGVHD and presented 6 vignettes to assess agreement about the diagnosis, clinical management, grading, and prognosis of patients with symptoms of cGVHD. Response rate to the survey was 51%. Of the respondents, 28% felt they had "great success" in treating patients with systemic corticosteroids, and 13% had similar success with cyclosporine or mycophenolate mofetil; less success and experience were reported with other agents. Respondents estimated an average 3-year, nonrelapse mortality of 16% (95% CI, 14%-19%) for patients assessed to have limited disease and 39% (95% CI, 36%-43%) for extensive disease. Analysis of responses to the 6 vignettes showed that agreement was greatest for supportive care issues, willingness to enroll patients in clinical trials, and use of systemic immunosuppression for symptomatic cGVHD. Less agreement was seen for diagnosis and management when cGVHD manifestations were atypical or less severe, the decision of whether to taper immunosuppression in the face of stable symptoms, and for assignment of mild, moderate, or severe cGVHD grades. Most respondents were willing to use systemic immunosuppression to treat symptoms that they believed to be caused by cGVHD, but differences of opinion about cGVHD diagnosis and disease activity resulted in significant practice variation. Low estimates of treatment success were noted and reflected an overall pessimism about the success of therapy for cGVHD. We conclude that studies defining appropriate diagnostic pathways, criteria for disease activity, and prognosis could help standardize management of cGVHD. There is an urgent need to develop and test new approaches to treat cGVHD. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2002;8(1):32-9.
The Foramina Transversaria of The Sunghir 2 and 3 Cervical Vertebrae

Abstract The Mid Upper Paleolithic immature Sunghir 2 and 3 skeletal remains exhibit non-closure and doubling of several of their cervical vertebral foramina transversaria. Both exhibit non-closure of the atlas (C1) foramina. Sunghir 3 also exhibits foraminal non-closure in her C4 to C5. Sunghir 2 has doubling of the foramen on C4 and C6, whereas Sunghir 3 has it on C4 to C6. The anatomical distribution of these variants places Sunghir 2 and 3 at the limits of recent human cervical vertebral morphological variation. The correspondence between these variants and vascular pathways is unclear, and therefore their implications remain uncertain.
PEG−Lipids and Oligo(ethylene glycol) Surfactants Enhance the Ultrasonic Permeabilizability of Liposomes

Liposomes with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) headgroups are currently of great interest for drug delivery applications. We have explored the susceptibility of liposomes containing PEG−lipids to perme...
Depression in patients with head and neck cancer and a functional genetic polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene.

Background Polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene, 5-HTTLPR (short allele) has been associated with depression. The purpose of this study was to show the evaluated depression in patients with head and neck cancer and a possible association with the 5-HTTLPR. Methods The Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (SCID for DSM-IV) was administered to 94 patients with head and neck cancer, of which 33 patients were genotyped for 5-HTTLPR. We also evaluated the prevalence of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in 121 patients with head and neck cancer and 97 controls. Results Forty-three percent of the patients met the criteria for a depressive diagnosis, 19% of which was new onset. In depressed patients, 85.7% (n = 12 of 14) had at least 1 short allele versus 68.4% (n = 13 of 19) of the patients without depressive diagnosis (p < .04). No difference was noted in the prevalence of the short allele in head and neck cancer cases versus controls (odds ratio = 0.8; p = .490). Conclusion Despite the high rate of depressive diagnosis, patients with head and neck cancer did not demonstrate a higher prevalence of this short allele of the 5-HTTLPR compared with a control population.© 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
The Impact of the Israeli Occupation on the Economies of the West Bank and Gaza

(1977). The Impact of the Israeli Occupation on the Economies of the West Bank and Gaza. Journal of Palestine Studies: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 103-129.
On the micromechanical theories of stressinduced cleavage microcracking in crystalline solids

Abstract This paper is entirely dedicated to the subject of cleavage microfracture in crystalline solids at non-elevated temperatures. The significance of microcracking in determining the mechanical and fracture characteristics of crystalline solids is outlined. The micromechanics of stress-induced microcracking in polycrystals is reviewed, which occurs as a result of heterogeneous plasticity, due to dislocation pile-up at the grain boundaries. Alternative mechanisms of microcracking mostly pertinent to the cases of fracture of single crystals by the intersecting slip or twin bands, or through splitting of the dislocation walls, are also considered. Included is also a discussion of the fracture of polyphase crystalline solids.
Correlates of parent–child communication about specific sexual topics: A study of rural parents with school‐aged children

Using data from 600 parents of children aged 5 to 18, and a context-oriented, developmental socialization conceptual framework, the interrelationships between parents' perceptions of themselves, their child, and their family relationships and the amount of parent–child discussion of 16 sexuality topics were explored. Canonical correlation analysis was used to demonstrate how circumstances and contexts influence the complexity of parent–child conversations for mother–daughter, mother–son, father–son, and father–daughter dyads. Results lend support to the conceptual framework used, as well as to previous studies of this topic area. The implications of these findings for parent–child relationships and for future research on parent–child communication about sexuality are discussed.
Canadian Public-Private Sector Earnings Differentials, 1970â1980

This paper examines changes in the public-private sector wage gap in Canada between 1970 and 1980. The results show that the gross earnings advantage of both male and female government employees rose over the decade. For men, the increase was largely attributable to improved wage-determining characteristics, especially education, experience, and occupational distribution. For women, the increase occurred mainly because of a rise in economic rents in the form of a constant wage premium.
Magnitude of fear as a function of expected time to all aversive event

Three rats were trained to press a lever on a random-interval 1min schedule of food reinforcement. In successive phases of the experiment, electric shocks were superimposed at 1-min fixed intervals, 2-min fixed intervals, or at 1-min random intervals. In the fixed-interval conditions, there was a steep gradient of reduction in response rate as the time for the next shock approached; in the random-interval condition, the response rate following a shock was relatively constant. The present method appears to be adequate to monitor the instantaneous level of fear. The results suggest that animals were timing in units proportional to the fixed interval and that aversive events which occur randomly in time are perceived as phenomenologically random by the rat.
The Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene BRCA1 Is Required for Subnuclear Assembly of Rad51 and Survival following Treatment with the DNA Cross-linking Agent Cisplatin

Mutations in breast cancer tumor susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, predispose women to early onset breast cancer and other malignancies. The Brca genes are involved in multiple cellular processes in response to DNA damage including checkpoint activation, gene transcription, and DNA repair. Biochemical interaction with the recombinational repair protein Rad51 (Scully, R., Chen, J., Ochs, R. L., Keegan, K., Hoekstra, M., Feunteun, J., and Livingston, D. M. (1997) Cell 90, 425–435), as well as genetic evidence (Moynahan, M. E., Chiu, J. W., Koller, B. H., and Jasin, M. (1999) Mol. Cell 4, 511–518 and Snouwaert, J. N., Gowen, L. C., Latour, A. M., Mohn, A. R., Xiao, A., DiBiase, L., and Koller, B. H. (1999) Oncogene 18, 7900–7907), demonstrates that Brca1 is involved in recombinational repair of DNA double strand breaks. Using isogenic Brca1 +/+and brca1 −/− mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell lines, we investigated the role of Brca1 in the cellular response to two different categories of DNA damage: x-ray induced damage and cross-linking damage caused by the chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatinum. Immunoflourescence studies with normal and brca1 −/− mutant mouse ES cell lines indicate that Brca1 promotes assembly of subnuclear Rad51 foci following both types of DNA damage. These foci are likely to be oligomeric complexes of Rad51 engaged in repair of DNA lesions or in processes that allow cells to tolerate such lesions during DNA replication. Clonogenic assays show that brca1 −/− mutants are 5-fold more sensitive to cisplatinum compared with wild-type cells. Our studies suggest that Brca1 contributes to damage repair and/or tolerance by promoting assembly of Rad51. This function appears to be shared with Brca2.
Information and contagion effects of bank loan-loss reserve announcements

Abstract Consistent with an information-signaling perspective, negative and statistically significant announcement effects are associated with bank loan-loss reserve (LLR) announcements over the 1985–1990 period. Announcement effects differ between money-center and regional banks and also according to the nature of contemporaneous earnings and dividend disclosures. Moreover Information transfer or ‘contagion’ effects are present in that LLR announcements by regional banks decrease the value of both money-center banks and nonannouncing regional banks. These statistically significant contagion effects suggest a link between the asset quality characteristics of money-center and regional bank loan portfolios.
C-H...O hydrogen bonding induced guest inclusion and supramolecular isomerism in 1,3,5-tris(4-cyanobenzoyl)benzene

Crystallization of 1,3,5-tris(4-cyanobenzoyl)benzene (1) from EtOAc, MeNO2, and 3-pentanone results in formation of isostructural inclusion complexes mediated by weak hydrogen bonding interactions involving aryl C−H donors and heteroatom acceptors from nitrile, carbonyl, and nitro groups. The solvent guests occupy interlayer channels within a porous triaroylbenzene host network.
Accumulation of soluble carbohydrates during seed development and maturation of low-raffinose, low-stachyose soybean.

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds accumulate sucrose, raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO), phytin, and small amounts of galactopinitols and fagopyritols during normal seed maturation. RFO and phytin are indigestible by non-ruminant animals and contribute to decreased feed efficiency, reduced mineral adsorption, and phosphorous pollution in manure. Low raffinose, stachyose, and phytin seed may have imbibitional chilling sensitivity and reduced field emergence. The objective was to characterize the profiles of soluble carbohydrates in cotyledons, axis, and seed coats of low raffinose and stachyose (LRS) seeds expressing the mutant stc1 phenotype; in low raffinose, stachyose, and phytin (LRSP1, LRSP2) seeds expressing the mutant mips phenotype; and in normal raffinose, stachyose, and phytin (CHECK) seeds expressing the Stc1 and Mips phenotype during 17 stages of soybean seed development, maturation, and desiccation. Seventy percent of RFO accumulated after maximum seed dry weight during seed desiccation. LRS, LRSP1, and LRSP2 seeds had low RFO, but LRS seeds accumulated higher galactinol and di- and tri-galactosides of myo-inositol, D-chiro-inositol, and D-pinitol earlier during seed maturation than CHECK, LRSP1, and LRSP2. LRSP1 and LRSP2 seed had low RFO and low galactosyl cyclitols during maturation and were reported to have imbibitional chilling sensitivity and reduced field emergence.
Proximity-based visualization of movement trace data

The increasing availability of motion sensors and video cameras in living spaces has made possible the analysis of motion patterns and collective behavior in a number of situations. The visualization of this movement data, however, remains a challenge. Although maintaining the actual layout of the data space is often desirable, direct visualization of movement traces becomes cluttered and confusing as the spatial distribution of traces may be disparate and uneven. We present proximity-based visualization as a novel approach to the visualization of movement traces in an abstract space rather than the given spatial layout. This abstract space is obtained by considering proximity data, which is computed as the distance between entities and some number of important locations. These important locations can range from a single fixed point, to a moving point, several points, or even the proximities between the entities themselves. This creates a continuum of proximity spaces, ranging from the fixed absolute reference frame to completely relative reference frames. By combining these abstracted views with the concrete spatial views, we provide a way to mentally map the abstract spaces back to the real space. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, and its applicability to visual analytics problems such as hazard prevention, migration patterns, and behavioral studies.
Outdoor bicycle for exercise in paraplegics and quadriplegics

Abstract The design of a three-wheel bicycle is described which can be used for exercise and locomotion in paraplegic and quadriplegic subjects. This device is constructed from a standard three-wheel bicycle which has been modified with a sensor to show the position of the pedals. The output of the sensor (a 360° potentiometer) is read by the A/D converter of a small digital computer carried on the bicycle. The microprocessor system controls stimulation to four key muscle groups to allow locomotion. The speed of the bicycle is controlled with a throttle control as on a motorcycle. The device offers a potentially attractive system for increasing muscle strength and endurance, reducing muscle atrophy, increasing bone density and cardiovascular training in wheelchair bound patients.
Tonsillectomy and poliomyelitis.

Summary 1.A study was made of the frequency of bulbar paralysis in 194 cases of poliomyelitis occurring within one year of tonsillectomy. Those in the study were selected from a total of 6,524 cases of poliomyelitis reported in New York City from 1944 through 1949. 2.Two methods of analysis were employed, one based on the corrected expectancy of bulbar paralysis from its distribution among all cases reported during the six-year period under consideration, the other based on the results in a randomly selected group of cases without a history of tonsillectomy and comparable to those tonsillectomized with respect to age, sex, borough of residence, and date of onset. 3.By both methods employed in the study, the percentage of bulbar paralysis was significantly higher than expected among post-tonsillectomized cases within one month of operation. The results were inclusive from one to six months after operation. No increase in the percentage of bulbar paralysis could be demonstrated in a small group of cases from six to twelve months after operation. The critical period when bulbar paralysis was most common was the first three weeks following operation. 4.An increase in case fatality was noted among cases occurring within two months after operation.
A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of laparoscopic versus conventional appendectomy.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Despite many randomized controlled trials, the merits of laparoscopic appendectomy remain unclear. A meta-analysis may provide insights not evident from any individual studies. DATA SOURCES: Systematic literature search yielded 17 trials (1,962 subjects) of true randomized design with usable statistical data comparing laparoscopic and conventional appendectomy in adults. The effect sizes for operating time, hospitalization, postoperative pain, return to normal activity, wound infection, and intra-abdominal abscess were calculated, using the random effects model to allow for heterogeneity. An estimate of the robustness of all positive findings was also calculated. RESULTS: Modest but statistically significant effect sizes were found for four of the six outcome measures. Laparoscopic appendectomy takes 31% longer to perform, but results in less postoperative pain, faster recovery (by 35%), and lower wound infection rates (by 60%). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic appendectomy offers significant improvement in postoperative outcomes at the cost of a longer operation.
The use of C0t-1 probe DNA for the detection of low levels of DNA fragmentation.

In many apoptotic systems the final demise of the DNA results in the generation of multinucleosomal-sized DNA fragments, which appear as a DNA ladder after agarose electrophoresis. Extensive DNA fr...