cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Single-ion conducting polymer–silicate nanocomposite electrolytes for lithium battery applications

Abstract Solid-state polymer–silicate nanocomposite electrolytes based on an amorphous polymer poly[(oxyethylene) 8 methacrylate], POEM, and lithium montmorillonite clay were fabricated and characterized to investigate the feasibility of their use as ‘salt-free’ electrolytes in lithium polymer batteries. X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy studies indicate the formation of an intercalated morphology in the nanocomposites due to favorable interactions between the polymer matrix and the clay. The morphology of the nanocomposite is intricately linked to the amount of silicate in the system. At low clay contents, dynamic rheological testing verifies that silicate incorporation enhances the mechanical properties of POEM, while impedance spectroscopy shows an improvement in electrical properties. With clay content ≥15 wt.%, mechanical properties are further improved but the formation of an apparent superlattice structure correlates with a loss in the electrical properties of the nanocomposite. The use of suitably modified clays in nanocomposites with high clay contents eliminates this superstructure formation, yielding materials with enhanced performance.
A constructive approach to the finite congruence lattice representation problem

A finite lattice is representable if it is isomorphic to the congruence lattice of a finite algebra. In this paper, we develop methods by which we can construct new representable lattices from known ones. The techniques we employ are sufficient to show that every finite lattice which contains no three element antichains is representable. We then show that if an order polynomially complete lattice is representable then so is every one of its diagonal subdirect powers.
DESIGN AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF AN ADJUSTABLE INERTIA ABSORBER FOR SEMIACTIVE STRUCTURAL VIBRATION ATTENUATION

A new class of adaptive tuned vibration absorber, a variable effective inertia absorber, is presented to impart optimum vibration absorption. The tuning scheme has two facets: spectral analysis of the excitation and a concurrent in situ tuning of the absorber. The spectral analysis reveals the frequency content of the excitation. The online tuning uses the frequency content of the excitation to reposition a moving mass and change the damping coefficient of a variable rate damper for optimal (broadband) or tonal vibration suppression. The nonlinear differential equations of motion are linearized and then utilized to develop the online tonal and the broadband tuning of the variable effective inertia absorber. A case study is presented to demonstrate the novelty of the concept. The results show that the retuned absorber delivers considerable vibration suppression improvement over the detuned one.
Stress Analysis of Bonded Patched Plates with Circular Cutout Using Full-Discrete Layer Model

To predict the static response of patched plates with circular cutout, a full-discrete layer model is proposed. The shape functions are based on 2D and 1D integrals of Legendre polynomials, allowing accurate simulation of 3D behavior. Exact mapping of curved boundary is undertaken using blending functions. The easy to use modeling scheme is applied to single-patch repaired plates with circular cutout and compared with published results. The results of parametric studies on patched plates are presented by varying the relative thicknesses of patch and adhesive, patch shape, and patch size.
Performance of DIMTEST-and NOHARM-Based Statistics for Testing Unidimensionality.

This Monte Carlo study compares the ability of the parametric bootstrap version of DIMTEST with three goodness-of-fit tests calculated from a fitted NOHARM model to detect violations of the assumption of unidimensionality in testing data. The effectiveness of the procedures was evaluated for different numbers of items, numbers of examinees, correlations between underlying ability dimensions, skewness of underlying ability distributions, and the presence or absence of a guessing parameter. In the absence of guessing, DIMTEST and the NOHARM-based statistics had similar power, with the χ2 statistic having a very low Type I error rate. In the presence of guessing, however, two of the NOHARM-based statistics had unacceptably high Type I error rates, while the third performed similarly to DIMTEST. Given this inflated error rate, the study compares the empirical powers after adjusting for the discrepancy in Type I error rates.
Compact integrated depolarizer for interferometric fiber optic gyroscopes

We propose an integrated waveguide depolarizer for use in interferometric fiber optic gyroscopes (IFOGs) with single-mode fiber coils. The integrated waveguide depolarizer is based on a Mach-Zender interferometer with polarizing beamsplitters. A waveguide polarizing beamsplitter is designed using multiple air trench structures oriented at the Brewster angle. We also analyze the effect of component imperfections on the degree of polarization achievable with an integrated waveguide depolarizer.
Interdot tunneling and Coulomb correlation

Abstract The properties of coupled quantum dot nanostructures depend critically on single-particle interdot tunneling, lateral confinement, and interparticle Coulomb correlations. Calculations of few-electron and electron-hole systems that are confined in coupled, vertical quantum dot structures have been done to obtain a better understanding of the interplay of these effects. Results are presented for symmetric and asymmetric coupled dot structures as a function of the bias applied between the dots and the dot size. The competition between interdot tunneling and Coulomb correlation provides new optical signatures for lateral confinement effects in quantum dots and determines which dot structures will experience Coulomb blockade during tunneling.
Assignment of two human autoantigen genes : Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase locates to 9q21 and Lysyl-tRNA synthetase locates to 16q23-q24

Protein synthesis is initiated by the attachment of amino acids to cognate tRNAs by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS). Five of twenty human aaRS (histidyl-RS, threonyl-RS, alanyl-RS, glycyl-RS, and isoleucyl-RS) have been identified as targets of autoantibodies in the autoimmune disease polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Autoantibodies to human lysyl-RS, a sixth autoantigenic aminoacyl-RS, were recently identified. The genes for histidyl-RS and threonyl-RS have been localized to chromosome 5, and we recently reported that the genes for alanyl-RS and glycyl-RS localize to chromosomes 16 and 7, respectively. To understand the genesis of autoimmune responses to aaRS better, we have used PCR-based screening of somatic cell hybrid panels and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to assign the genes for isoleucyl-RS and lysyl-RS. 19 refs., 1 fig.
Inhibitors of protein kinases and phosphatases alter root morphology and disorganize cortical microtubules.

To investigate molecular mechanisms controlling plant morphogenesis, we examined the morphology of primary roots of Arabidopsis thaliana and the organization of cortical microtubules in response to inhibitors of serine/threonine protein phosphatases and kinases. We found that cantharidin, an inhibitor of types 1 and 2A protein phosphatases, as previously reported for okadaic acid and calyculin A (R.D. Smith, J.E. Wilson, J.C. Walker, T.I. Baskin [1994] Planta 194: 516-524), inhibited elongation and stimulated radial expansion. Of the protein kinase inhibitors tested, chelerythrine, 6-dimethylaminopurine, H-89, K252a, ML-9, and staurosporine all inhibited elongation, but only staurosporine appreciably stimulated radial expansion. To determine the basis for the root swelling, we examined cortical microtubules in semithin sections of material embedded in butyl-methyl-methacrylate. Chelerythrine and 100 nM okadaic acid, which inhibited elongation without causing swelling, did not change the appearance of cortical arrays, but calyculin A, cantharidin, and staurosporine, which caused swelling, disorganized cortical microtubules. The stability of the microtubules in the aberrant arrays was not detectably different from those in control arrays, as judged by similar sensitivity to depolymerization by cold or oryzalin. These results identify protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation as requirements in one or more steps that organize the cortical array of microtubules.
Microkinetic Modeling for Water-Promoted CO Oxidation, Water−Gas Shift, and Preferential Oxidation of CO on Pt

A comprehensive surface reaction mechanism on Pt is presented that is capable of describing CO oxidation, H2 oxidation, water−gas shift (WGS), preferential oxidation (PROX) of CO, and the promoting role of H2O on CO oxidation reasonably well. This mechanism consists of a literature CO oxidation model, a surface reaction mechanism for H2 oxidation on Pt developed here, and coupling reactions between the CO and H2 chemistries included for the first time. Thermodynamic consistency, which is shown to be essential for WGS, is ensured in all steps of the entire mechanism. The CO−H2 coupling via the CO + OH reaction, which may involve direct CO2 formation, CO* + OH* ↔ CO2* + H*, as well as an indirect pathway via the carboxyl intermediate, is explored. It is shown that this coupling plays a significant role in capturing the promoting effect of H2O on the CO oxidation-temperature-programmed reaction experiments at low temperatures as well as the overall speed of the WGS and PROX reactions. With the parameters use...
Octupole fragmentation and O(6) symmetry in even- A Pt isotopes

The systematic behavior of the fragmentation of the low energy octupole state over a wide range of mass regions is well reproduced using a U(5)[r arrow]SU(3) transition in the context of the interacting boson approximation. However, the octupole fragmentation in the even-[ital A] Pt isotopes deviates strongly from both the systematic behavior of other nuclei and the U(5)[r arrow]SU(3) calculations. This anomalous behavior can be explained in terms of the O(6) nature of the stable Pt isotopes. It is concluded that anomalously large fragmentation of the low energy octupole state is a signature of nuclei conforming to the O(6) dynamical symmetry.
Stuck at the Bottom Rung: Occupational Characteristics of Workers with Disabilities

Introduction The proportion of workers reporting disabilities varies tremendously across occupations. Although differences in the occupational distributions may partly explain the large disparities in earnings and job security between workers with and without disabilities, little is known about the reasons that workers with disabilities are underrepresented in certain occupations and overrepresented in others. Methods Using a large, national survey of the US population combined with official data on the skill and experience requirements and occupational risks of 269 occupations, a multilevel regression analysis was performed to identify occupational and individual factors that influence the representation of workers with disabilities across occupations. Models of overall, sensory, mobility, and cognitive disability were constructed for working-age labor force participants, as were models of overall disability for younger, in-between, and older workers. Results At the occupational level, reported disability is negatively associated with occupational requirements for information and communication skills and with the amount of prior work experience that is required, after controlling for individual factors such as age and educational attainment. Little relationship is found between disability status and a set of occupational risk factors. These findings generally hold true across disability types and age groups. Conclusions Even after taking into account their lower average educational attainment, workers with disabilities appear to be disproportionately relegated to entry-level occupations that do not emphasize the better-remunerated job skills. Underemployment results in lower wages and less job security and stability. Possible reasons include employer discrimination, low expectations, deficits in relevant skills or experience, and work disincentives.
A hybrid frequency—time domain adaptive fuzzy control scheme for flexible link manipulators

This paper addresses the implementation of an adaptive fuzzy controller for flexible link robot arms. The design technique is a hybrid scheme involving both frequency and time domain techniques. The eigenvalues of the open loop plant can be estimated through application of a frequency domain based identification algorithm. The region of the eigenvalue space, within which the system operates, is partitioned into fuzzy cells. Membership function are assigned to the fuzzy sets of the eigenvalue universe of discourse. The degree of uncertainty on the estimated eigenvalues is encountered through these membership functions. The knowledge data base consists of feedback gains required to place the closed loop poles at predefined locations. A rule based controller infers the control input variable weighting each with the value of the membership functions at the identified eigenvalue. The afore-mentioned controller is compared through simulation with conventional techniques, namely pole placement and gain scheduling.
Gas permeability, water absorption, hydrolytic stability and air-oven aging of polyisobutylene-based polyurethane networks

Polyisobutylene-based polyurethane networks have been synthesized by crosslinking polyisobutylene glycols with tri-phenylmethane triisocyanate and their gas permeability, water absorption, hydrolytic stability, and air oven aging characteristics was examined by ASTM methods. The preparation of the polyurethane sheets is described. The oxygen permeability of polyisobutylene-based polyurethanes is lower than that of vulcanized butyl rubber and their water absorption is negligible. The hydrolytic stability of these new polyurethanes is outstanding and their mechanical properties (tensile strength, modulus, elongation) remain practically unchanged after four days of exposure to 85° steam. Similarly, air aging for two days at 128° affects little mechanical properties.
Arrival timing and hematological parameters in Gray Catbirds ( Dumetella carolinensis )

Early arrival at the breeding grounds for migratory birds is associated with greater reproductive success. According to the condition-dependent arrival hypothesis, only those individuals in superior physiological condition are able to bear the costs (e.g., poor environmental conditions, limited food availability) of early arrival. Condition has usually been measured in terms of energy reserves or mass but other physiological measures of condition such as hematocrit and immune function have been gaining attention. We examined several measures of condition and their association with date of first capture in Gray Catbirds (Dumetella carolinensis) arriving at breeding grounds in northeastern Pennsylvania. Earlier arrivals had higher hematocrit and H/L ratios and lower lymphocyte counts. Arrival date was also negatively associated with fat score. Fat score was positively related to hematocrit, total number of leukocytes, and number of lymphocytes, but the other hematological parameters were not associated with traditional measures of condition (keel score, fat score, or a body condition index). Our results provide some support for the condition-dependent arrival hypothesis and suggest that there may be immunological differences between early- and late-arriving birds.
Effect of relaxation on adiabatic following

A solution is presented for the damped optical Bloch equations under the excitation of a smooth pulse by first deriving three independent third-order equations of the Bloch vector components. Each equation is reduced to quadratures by assuming that the logarithmic time derivative of the field amplitude is small compared to the Rabi frequency. This results in an approximate summation of the infinite-order time-dependent perturbation in the field amplitude. The relaxation-dependent induced damping of the population inversion is calculated. Also calculated are additional relaxation-dependent contributions to the intensity-dependent refractive index. The time-integrated intensity contribution tends to cause line asymmetry, which becomes, at later times, linear in ..gamma../sub 2/ when ..gamma../sub 2/ very-much-greater-than ..gamma../sub 1/ and zero when 2..gamma../sub 2/ = ..gamma../sub 1/, where ..gamma../sub 1/ and ..gamma../sub 2/ are the atomic energy and phase-changing relaxations, respectively. The dependence of the spectral broadening on pulse length, pressure, and length of the sample is discussed. (AIP)
Triangular trinuclear clusters of tungsten containing bromine atoms as terminal ligands: syntheses and structural characterizations of [W3S4Br3(dmpe)3][Y], where dmpe=1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)-ethane and Y−Br− or PF6−

Abstract The triangular trinuclear cluster [W 3 S 4 Br 3 (dmpe) 3 ] + has been prepared in high yield by reactions between WBr 5 and NaBH 4 or NaB(C 2 H 5 ) 3 H as reducing agent in THF, and subsequent addition of methanolic solutions of NaHS and dmpe ligand. It has been isolated as the bromide, [W 3 S 4 Br 3 (dmpe) 3 ]Br ( 1 ) and as the fluorophosphate, [W 3 S 4 Br 3 (dmpe) 3 ]PF 6 ( 2 ). Compound 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Fdd 2 with a =26.112(7), b =64.970(21), c =20.555(4) A, V =34881(27) A 3 and Z =32. The final refinement converged to the residual values R =0.053 and R w =0.068. There are two independent formula units in the unit cell, but the virtually identical cations are both chiral and possess C 3 symmetry. Compound 2 crystallizes in the cubic space group I 23 with a =20.999(2) A, V =9260(3)A 3 and Z =8; R =0.039, R w =0.057. The cation has crystallographic three-fold symmetry. The cation in 2 is identical to those in 1 . The WW distances are in the range 2.760–2.770 A (for 1a ) and 2.732–2.766 A (for 1b ) and the average WBr distances in 1a and 1b are 2.640(4) and 2.626(4) A, respectively. The WW distances and the WBr distances in 2 are 2.759(2) and 2.641(4) A, respectively. Each metal atom in the [W 3 S 4 Br 3 (dmpe) 3 ] + ions is attached to one capping sulfur atom, two bridging sulfur atoms, one bromine atom and one chelating dmpe ligand. One P atom in dmpe ligand is trans to μ 3 -S and the other P atom is trans to a μ 2 -S atom. UV-Vis and NMR spectra for 1 are also reported.
Consensus statement on the definition of orthostatic hypotension, neurally mediated syncope and the postural tachycardia syndrome

Roy Freeman • Wouter Wieling • Felicia B. Axelrod • David G. Benditt • Eduardo Benarroch • Italo Biaggioni • William P. Cheshire • Thomas Chelimsky • Pietro Cortelli • Christopher H. Gibbons • David S. Goldstein • Roger Hainsworth • Max J. Hilz • Giris Jacob • Horacio Kaufmann • Jens Jordan • Lewis A. Lipsitz • Benjamin D. Levine • Phillip A. Low • Christopher Mathias • Satish R. Raj • David Robertson • Paola Sandroni • Irwin Schatz • Ron Schondorff • Julian M. Stewart • J. Gert van Dijk
Surface tensions of binary liquid systems. II. Mixtures of alcohols

Abstract Surface tensions were measured at 25°C for the ten binary liquid systems: methanol-n-decanol, ethanol-n-decanol, n-propanol-n-decanol, n-butanol-n-decanol, n-hexanol-n-decanol, isopropanol-n-decanol, methanol-n-butanol, methanol-isobutanol, methanol-sec-butanol, and methanol-tert-butanol. The principle of corresponding states provides a fairly reasonable correlation between the excess surface tensions of these systems and other properties of the pure component liquids and of their binary mixtures.
Packing the Hypercube

Let G be a graph that is a subgraph of some n-dimensional hypercube Qn. For suciently large n, Stout [20] proved that it is possible to pack vertexdisjoint copies of G in Qn so that any proportion r < 1 of the vertices of Qn are covered by the packing. We prove an analogous theorem for edge-disjoint packings: For suciently large n, it is possible to pack edge-disjoint copies of G in Qn so that any proportion r < 1 of the edges of Qn are covered by the packing.
Hydrocortisone improves somnolence without hypotension in the postpartum period

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis abnormality and adrenal insufficiency secondary to chronic steroid treatment can be present in the perioperative period. When this occurs in pregnant patients during the peripartum period, the usually expected physiological changes may not be present. The hypotension associated with adrenal insufficiency may be masked by the normal physiological changes of pregnancy and delivery. We report on a patient whose only presenting symptom was mental status changes; this occurred without any significant hemodynamic changes. These mental status changes responded within minutes to a single dose of hydrocortisone. We recommend administering a pharmacological dose of steroid as a maneuver to rule out adrenal insufficiency when faced with a patient with an unexplained altered mental status while other differential diagnoses are considered.
Surface Breakdown Characteristics of Rubber Insulating Gloves Exposed Outdoors

Surface flashover and tracking breakdown tests were carried out on rubber insulating gloves under various relative humidities and fog and rain conditions, and on gloves which have been exposed outdoors for various periods of time. When gloves are exposed outdoors, cracks and recesses form on the glove surfaces. Direct exposure to rain and fog has a noticeable effect on the flashover voltage. With an increase in the period of exposure outdoors, the time to tracking breakdown decreases.
Changes of Raman scattering in the CH-stretching region during thermally induced unfolding of ribonuclease

Abstract Thermally induced unfolding of ribonuclease at low pH produces a large increase of Raman scattering intensity at ∼ 2930cm−1 (CH3-stretching region). Comparisons of the CH3-stretching spectra of various model compounds in the presence or absence of H2O (2H2O), indicate that the changes observed with ribonuclease arise from the insertion of previously buried, aliphatic amino acid residues into water.
The Impact of Social Capital on HIV-related Actions as Mediated by Personal and Proxy Efficacies in Namibia

Social capital is associated with the enactment of positive health behaviors and health outcomes because it provides people a means to cope with life's stresses. This study asked whether, and to what extent, efficacy beliefs (personal and proxy, A. Bandura, Ann Rev Psychol 52:1-26, 2001) serve as mediating mechanism in the relationship between social capital and HIV-prevention behaviors, and if it is differentially associated with HIV-prevention behaviors that are aligned on a continuum ranging from individual action (practicing monogamy) to collective action (use of HIV services). In an investigation with a sample from Gobabis, Namibia (N = 300), regression models revealed that bonding, bridging, and linking social capital differentially predicted personal and proxy efficacy. In addition, both social capital variables and types of efficacy differentially predicted HIV-related behaviors and intentions that varied in their social demand. Our findings did not support a mediation model for efficacy in between social capital and HIV-related behaviors and intentions.
A Novel Image Authentication and Recovery Method for Applications of Image Sharing

Image authentication techniques should be able to distinguish legitimate images from forged ones. In practical applications, a shared image may be verified in compressed format such as the popular JPEG file. In this paper, an image authentication method is proposed to meet this requirement. The quantized DCT coefficients are used as the image feature to distinguish JPEG compression from malicious manipulations, and further used to predict the first five AC coefficients of the tampered blocks and recover the damaged images if malicious manipulations are detected. The concept of the regions of interest (ROI) is also included in the proposed method to improve the visual quality of the recovered image. Experimental results show that the proposed method has better performance in both detection and recovery of the tampered image than our previous work.
Measuring liquid properties with smooth- and textured-surface resonators

The response of thickness shear mode (TSM) resonators in liquids is examined. Smooth-surface devices, which viscously entrain a layer of contacting liquid, respond to the product of liquid density and viscosity. Textured-surface devices, which also trap liquid in surface features, exhibit an additional response that depends on liquid density alone. Combining smooth and textured resonators in a monolithic sensor allows simultaneous measurement of liquid density and viscosity. >
Online detection of multi-component interactions in production systems

We present an online, scalable method for inferring the interactions among the components of large production systems. We validate our approach on more than 1.3 billion lines of log files from eight unmodified production systems, showing that our approach efficiently identifies important relationships among components, handles very large systems with many simultaneous signals in real time, and produces information that is useful to system administrators.
Face recognition using eigenfaces

An approach to the detection and identification of human faces is presented, and a working, near-real-time face recognition system which tracks a subject's head and then recognizes the person by comparing characteristics of the face to those of known individuals is described. This approach treats face recognition as a two-dimensional recognition problem, taking advantage of the fact that faces are normally upright and thus may be described by a small set of 2-D characteristic views. Face images are projected onto a feature space ('face space') that best encodes the variation among known face images. The face space is defined by the 'eigenfaces', which are the eigenvectors of the set of faces; they do not necessarily correspond to isolated features such as eyes, ears, and noses. The framework provides the ability to learn to recognize new faces in an unsupervised manner. >
Advanced brain imaging studies should not be performed in patients with suspected stroke presenting within 4.5 hours of symptom onset.

For years after the US Food and Drug Administration approved intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA) for acute ischemic stroke, my friend, Lou Caplan, argued eloquently that thorough knowledge of each patient's vascular anatomy must be obtained before administering a potentially dangerous thrombolytic1; I argued the opposite in countless hallway, pub, and platform debates with Lou and others.2 Because time is brain, I believed, nothing should delay prompt thrombolysis. Jeff Saver estimated that for every 1-minute delay, an ischemic brain loses 1.9 million neurons.3 Because vascular imaging involved invasive angiography, or time-consuming transcranial Doppler, it was easy to oppose vascular imaging before thrombolysis. However, then rapid, reliable CT angiography and CT perfusion came along, and I succumbed—who could ignore those beautiful perfusion images? It appeared that finally we had the means to select patients for thrombolytic therapy rationally and thus perhaps to reduce the risk of hemorrhage …
Feasibility of using an interactive laptop program in the emergency department to prevent alcohol misuse among adolescents

Abstract Study objective: Alcohol, the most commonly used substance among adolescents, is frequently associated with injury. Effective interventions to prevent adolescent alcohol use and misuse in acute care settings are lacking. A laptop-based alcohol prevention program could reinforce other prevention efforts that adolescents may receive. We determined the feasibility of using an interactive laptop program with adolescent emergency department (ED) patients to prevent alcohol use and misuse. Methods: We used the recruitment phase of a randomized controlled trial at an academic medical center and an urban teaching hospital. Patients were aged 14 to 18 years and presented within 24 hours of an acute injury. Measures included patient recruitment, mechanism of injury, injury severity score, alcohol use characteristics, and patients' opinion of the computer program. Results: Of 843 eligible patients, 671 (79.6%) were enrolled and 655 (77.7%) completed the program. Parent or guardian reluctance was the most frequent reason for refusal. The participants averaged 16.0 years of age (range 14 to 18 years; SD 1.5 years), 66.9% were male, and 68.3% were white. Approximately 71% reported "ever" drinking. Recent alcohol use (past 3 months) by those "ever" drinking was as follows: 62.3% drank, 31.2% got drunk, and 37.4% binge drank. Seventy-four percent of recent drinkers reported that the program made them rethink their alcohol use. Ninety-four percent of participants liked the program. Only 5.3% required assistance with the program. Conclusion: Use of an interactive computer program in the ED appears feasible. Further work is being done to evaluate the effectiveness of the program in reducing alcohol-related behaviors among adolescents. [ Ann Emerg Med. 2003;42:276-284.]
Micromagnetics of Hard Axis Loops for Composite Media

Hard axis loops are measured for composite magnetic films, consisting of a hard magnetic layer ferromagnetically exchange coupled to a soft magnetic layer. A quasi-analytic spin chain model is able to fully explain the experimental findings. The agreement between theory and experiment demonstrates the presence of a nonhomogeneous magnetization state in the composite films.
Aberrant Crypt Foci and Semiparametric Modeling of Correlated Binary Data

Motivated by the spatial modeling of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in colon carcinogenesis, we consider binary data with probabilities modeled as the sum of a nonparametric mean plus a latent Gaussian spatial process that accounts for short-range dependencies. The mean is modeled in a general way using regression splines. The mean function can be viewed as a fixed effect and is estimated with a penalty for regularization. With the latent process viewed as another random effect, the model becomes a generalized linear mixed model. In our motivating data set and other applications, the sample size is too large to easily accommodate maximum likelihood or restricted maximum likelihood estimation (REML), so pairwise likelihood, a special case of composite likelihood, is used instead. We develop an asymptotic theory for models that are sufficiently general to be used in a wide variety of applications, including, but not limited to, the problem that motivated this work. The splines have penalty parameters that must converge to zero asymptotically: we derive theory for this along with a data-driven method for selecting the penalty parameter, a method that is shown in simulations to improve greatly upon standard devices, such as likelihood crossvalidation. Finally, we apply the methods to the data from our experiment ACF. We discover an unexpected location for peak formation of ACF.
Solid-State Stability and Characterization of Hot-Melt Extruded Poly(ethylene oxide) Films

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was used to prepare thin polymer films containing clotrimazole (CT) utilizing hot-melt extrusion (HME) technology. Films containing PEOs of two different molecular weights and the drug were investigated for solid-state characteristics, moisture-sorption, bioadhesivity, mechanical properties, release characteristics, and physical and chemical stability of the drug within the HME films. The solid-state characterization of the drug and the polymer were performed utilizing differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry. A Texture analyzer was utilized to study the bioadhesive and mechanical properties of the HME films. Physical and chemical stability of the films, stored at 25 degrees C/60% RH, was studied for up to 12 months. XRD profiles indicated that the drug was physically unstable (recrystallization of the drug occurred) after storage for 3 months at 25 degrees C/60% RH. Based on the DSC studies, it has been proposed that the recrystallization of the drug may be due to the folding (due to HME) and unfolding (upon storage) of the linear PEO chains. Desirable bioadhesive, mechanical, and thermoplastic properties of PEO qualify it as a promising and potential drug carrier. However, further investigation is necessary to enhance the physical stability of these PEO-drug systems.
Persistent secondary postpartum hemorrhage after uterine artery embolization.

with involvement of hepatic and superior mesenteric arteries. Radiology 1999; 212:359–364. 4. Donmez H, Men S, Dilli A, Soylu SO, Hekimoglu B. Giant gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm due to polyarteritis nodosa as a cause of obstructive jaundice: imaging findings and coil embolization results. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2005; 28:850–853. 5. Nakashima M, Suzuki K, Okada M, Takada K, Kobayashi H, Hama Y. Successful coil embolization of a ruptured hepatic aneurysm in a patient with polyarteritis nodosa accompanied by angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma. Clin Rheumatol 2007; 26:1362–1364.
Integration of multimodal medical imagery

An approach being undertaken to provide a language-based methodology for formalizing the manipulation of diagnostic imagery drawn from a number of distinct physical sources is described. It consists in essence of a vehicle for bridging the gap between the simple display and storage of such images and the eventual process of automated image understanding and expert-system-aided diagnostics. The use of a common abstracted data object based on a region topology is proposed, and the ramifications of such an approach are explored. >
Olfactory Maps in the Brain

The responses of neural elements in many sensory areas of the brain vary systematically with their physical position, leading to a topographic representation of the outside world. Sensory representation in the olfactory system has been harder to decipher, in part because it is difficult to find appropriate metrics to characterize odor space and to sample this space densely. Recent experiments have shown that the arrangement of glomeruli, the elementary units of processing, is relatively invariant across individuals in a species, yet it is flexible enough to accommodate new sensors that might be added. Evidence supports the existence of coarse spatial domains carved out on a genetic or functional basis, but a systematic organization of odor responses or neural circuits on a local scale is not evident. Experiments and theory that relate the properties of odorant receptors to the detailed wiring diagram of the downstream olfactory circuits and to behaviors they trigger may reveal the design principles that have emerged during evolution.
Bright femtosecond solitons in both the normal and anomalous dispersion region

It is shown that bright solitons may be formed in both the anomalous and normal dispersion regions. This feature is distinct from the nonlinear Schrodinger equation. Some possible experimental parameters for verification are presented. >
Rapid preparation of uncoated biological specimens for scanning electron microscopy.

We have developed a relatively rapid glutarddehyde-tannic acid (GTA) and osmium tetroxide (OsO4) fixation procedure which permits many types of uncoated biological specimens to he examined in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) at 40 kV without the occurrence of charging. Most specimens taken one day can be examined in the SEM the following afternoon. Types of specimens successfully treated were perfused adult and embryonic rat tissues, confluent human skin fibroblast tissue cultures, plant roots, flowers, seeds, some garden insects, and microcolonies of salivary streptococci. Cells in suspension and extracted human teeth did become electron conductive when treated with the GTA procedure. Most suspended cells must he centrifuged between each solution and the GTA procedure increases the preparation time for these cells. Extracted teeth are usually simply dried and coated. Therefore, the usual SEM preparation techniques are shorter and perhaps more useful for these types of specimens.
In vitro destruction of tumor cells by human monocytes.

SummaryHuman blood monocytes were cytotoxic towards cells of a human osteosarcoma and a reticulum cell sarcoma in vitro. Activation of the monocytes by supernatant fluids of mitogen stimulated human lymphocytes markedly increased their cytotoxicity towards the neoplastic cells. Intradermal injection of these supernatant fluids into human skin induced an inflammatory infiltrate consisting predominantly of large mononuclear cells. The role of large mononuclear cells in cancer surveillance is discussed.
Stratified Reproduction and Poor Women’s Resistance

The welfare mother is a powerful symbol of the supposed irresponsible, sexually promiscuous, and immoral behavior of the poor. Resting on dominant ideologies of race, class, and gender, the welfare mother suggests not a poor mother but a bad mother. Based on interviews with 34 mothers receiving public assistance, this article explores how women receiving assistance claim for themselves an identity as good mothers by defining the appropriate responsibilities of mothers to prioritize, protect, discipline, provide for, and spend time with their children. The material realities of poverty combined with work requirements now attached to public assistance exacerbate contradictions between these roles and create difficulties for these mothers. This article explores these contradictions and examines the possibilities for and limits of their use as resistance strategies.
Effect of Light Intensity, Litter Source, and Litter Management on the Incidence of Leg Abnormalities and Performance of Male Turkeys

Abstract Two trials were conducted to evaluate the performance of male turkeys reared in either a low or high intensity lighting regimen. Turkeys were also subjected to the following four litter treatments: 1) hardwood shavings intensively managed; 2) hardwood shavings unmanaged; 3) rice hulls intensively managed; and 4) rice hulls unmanaged. Male turkeys reared in high intensity light (20 lx) had significantly heavier body weights, poorer feed to gain ratios, shorter tarsometatarsal bones, earlier growth plate closure, heavier testes, and were less active during the times of behavioral observations than male turkeys reared in low intensity light (2.5 lx). The width of the tarsometatarsal bone, mortality, and the incidence of leg abnormalities and tibial dyschondroplasia were unaffected by lighting. Poor litter conditions or type of litter (hardwood shavings vs. rice hulls) had no effect on the performance of male turkeys.(u3)
Healthcare Interoperability: CDA Documents Consolidation Using Transport Record Summary (TRS) Construction

Thanks to recent medical record standards and distributed technology, the exchange of medical documents has become readily available. Healthcare institutions are able to share documents with other providers; however, patients who require medical transport are still subject to rudimentary exchange of information through verbal reports and outdated hand written medical notes. An ongoing exchange of medical documents between patient transport units and the facilities they serve would help reduce medical errors. Our approach searches for available documents that are relevant to the patients’ current conditions based on medical coding within these documents, clinical document architecture (CDA) documents, using HL7 message exchange mechanism in SOAP envelopes. These CDA documents are then consolidated into a single transport record summary (TRS) document to filter out redundancies and provide destination medical service provider with the most pertinent information that is readily accessible to both human and machine. In a time critical environment, access to multiple documents from difference sources is not likely feasible. For this reason, we proposes a CDA document consolidation tool, the TRS Constructor, which creates a TRS by querying and analyzing patient’s multiple CDA documents. The new TRS will be registered into the Health Information Exchange (HIE) environment for cross-reference across healthcare facilities and other providers.
Getting Off to a Good Start With Your Evaluation

Creating an evaluation plan may be one of the most important endeavors you undertake in developing and sustaining your initiative. Given all the hours, days, and months (even years!) that you put into establishing your initiative, answering key questions that are generated by folks interested in your work is critical. Most of these questions will be of the kind that can be answered by some level of evaluation. In some cases, you may have the resources to hire an outside evaluation team. However, in the majority of programs, resources are scarce and the evaluation needs to be simple, straightforward, and embedded in the ongoing work of the current staff. Creative thinking, planning, and implementation will keep your staff from being overworked with inefficient procedures and inaccessible data. In keeping with a number of major movements in research and evaluation practice (Argyris, Putnam, & Smith, 1990; Fetterman, 1996; Green & Kreuter, 1991), this article outlines a way to approach the development and implementation of a functional program evaluation. Excellent information is available on approaches to evaluation, evaluation tools, and research methodologies (e.g., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 1999; Fawcett et al., 1993, 1995; Linney & Wandersman, 1991). In fact, so much information exists that one could easily just toss one’s hands in the air, buy an evaluation handbook, and
Cardiac arrest during total knee replacement using a long-stem prosthesis

Sudden cardiac arrest, a rare and often fatal complication of total joint replacement, usually occurs during the insertion of polymethyl methacrylate cement and a prosthesis. We describe a cardiac arrest during insertion of a customized long-stem prosthesis (without the use of a tourniquet) for revision of an earlier total knee replacement. We attribute this complication to the "fat embolism syndrome" (FES)--hypoxemia from an acute pulmonary embolism composed of fat and marrow elements extruded into the venous circulation--coupled with systemic hypotension from absorption of the cement monomer. The syndrome appears to be more common when long-stem prostheses are used. Hypoxemia also correlates with the release of tissue-thromboplastic products as well as the bone marrow elements. Phase 1 of the syndrome consists of particulate obstruction of the pulmonary circulation that causes cor pulmonale and bradycardia or other dysrhythmia. Phase 2 is characterized by respiratory and neurologic manifestations associated with the classic conception of the syndrome. Intraoperative increases in pulmonary artery and pulmonary artery occlusion pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance during unexplained hypoxemia should alert the clinician to the possibility of FES. Proper diagnosis relies on recognizing the three most common clinical manifestations: hypoxemia, neurologic derangements, and fever. Other manifestations of FES are petechiae, thrombocytopenia, anemia, lipuria, changes on ECG, tachycardia, and dyspnea.
Finite State Automata from Regular Expression Trees

Thompson [13] introduced an innovative method for obtaining non-deterministic finite state automata (nfa) from regular expression. His formulation of nfas makes use of s-transitions (null symbol input) and requires in the worst case 2σ+2 OPS states, where σ is the number of occurencies of alphabet symbols and OPS is the number of operands in the original regular expression. We modify this algorithm to obtain a nfa M without e-transitions that has in the worst case σ+1 states. Using multi-branch expression trees to store the regular expressions efficiently, the algorithm presented here is directly parallelizable. The algorithm necessitates that we maintain a finite state automata which had no e-transition and has a starting node of zero in-degree
Clinical Presentation of Mycoplasma genitalium Infection versus Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection among Women with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which is an inflammation of the female upper genital tract that is caused by the ascension of organisms from the lower genital tract, affects ∼8% of reproductive-age women in the United States at some time in their lives [1]. Serious sequelae, including recurrent PID, tubal factor infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain, are common sequelae of PID [2]. The sexually transmitted pathogens Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae cause 30%–50% of PID cases [3-5]. Although the etiology of PID is unknown in the majority of cases, it has been epidemiologically linked to bacterial vaginosis [6]. Mycoplasma genitalium has been identified as a possible etiologic agent of nongonococcal, nonchlamydial PID [7-9]. It has also been detected in cervical and salpingeal samples obtained from women with laparoscopically confirmed salpingitis [10] and in cervical and endometrial specimens obtained from women with endometritis [7]. Because M. genitalium is extremely difficult to culture, epidemiologic studies that assess the role of this organism in reproductive diseases among women are dependent on the development and application of PCR-based assays. Although little is known about the clinical characteristics of M. genitalium PID, evidence suggests that, as is the case in women with chlamydia, lower genital tract infections tend to be asymptomatic [11, 12]. At presentation, the characteristics of women with PID vary, and they may include pelvic pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, bleeding, itching, and/or odor. Although the most common symptom of PID is pelvic pain, many women with PID may have mild pain or no pain, despite evidence of infection and inflammation [13, 14]. The presence and severity of PID symptoms vary by microbiologic etiology, with women who have chlamydial PID being more likely than women who have gonococcal PID to be asymptomatic [15-18]. The purpose of our study was to describe the clinical features of women with lower and/or upper genital tract infection due to M. genitalium in a population of women who presented with clinically suspected PID. We hypothesized that clinical characteristics, symptoms, and pelvic pain at presentation would be less frequent and less severe among women with M. genitalium or C. trachomatis infection than they would be among women with gonococcal PID.
The action–trait theory of motivation: A commentary on Roy F. Baumeister’s 2014 address to the Society for the Study of Motivation

Roy F. Baumeister’s 2014 presidential address to the Society for the Study of Motivation was a call to motivation scientists to address the lack of a grand theory of motivation and to encourage them to begin working on one. This commentary addresses some of the requirements of such a theory and discusses the relatively new action–trait theory of motivation as a viable candidate for such a grand theory of motivation. Action–trait theory is based on historic “purposive psychology” and incorporates the methods of individual differences psychology. It can be represented in eight falsifiable hypotheses, three of which have already received empirical support.