cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Engaging Students in Aging Research through the Academic Research Enhancement Award Program

This article describes the R15, Academic Research Enhancement Award (AREA) mechanism available through the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for institutions that do not typically receive substantial NIH funding. Equipped with training received at the St. Scholastica National Institute on Social Work and Aging, I was able to secure AREA funding for a project examining turnover and retention among home care workers in Maine. Increasing research experience of students was a primary aim on the project, as is required with R15 awards. Student activities on the project and student perspectives on their learning outcomes are described followed by reflections on the benefits and challenges of engaging students in research on aging.
Operational Analysis of a Freeway Variable Speed Limit System in St. Louis, Missouri

Variable speed limit (VSL) systems have been more widely implemented in Europe compared to the United States. Studies have demonstrated positive safety impacts of such systems; however, there are very few studies that used actual deployment data to investigate the operational benefits of VSL systems. This article presents the operational impacts of a VSL deployment on Interstate 270 in the state of Missouri in the United States. Techniques such as parametric curve fitting, nonparametric methods, and other statistical tests were used to identify the changes between before and after traffic conditions. The effect of VSL on traffic performance was investigated at eight heavily congested locations. The two-dimensional Kolmogorov–Smirnov test results indicated that flow–occupancy diagram changes were statistically significant at seven out of eight locations. The slopes of flow–occupancy plots for over critical occupancies were found to be steeper after VSL. Slight changes in critical occupancy were observed af...
Pulsed Discharge Irradiance Reaction Identification

This paper presents the application of a theoretically developed method, which when applied to a pulsed irradiance signal can provide information about the underlying chemical kinetics and reaction dynamics. The theoretical development uses a combination of state-space, Laplace transform, least-square, and correlation techniques to determine chemical kinetic and reaction dynamic terms from a pulsed discharge. The waveform irradiance signals come from a space-based optical radiometer. Four pulsed radiometry irradiance waveforms are examined where the reaction order, rate constant, and reaction rates are investigated. The application of the theory and the commensurate results demonstrate that irradiance signals obtained under similar circumstances come from distinct pulsed discharge conditions.
A behavioral nosology for tinnitus.

Studies of the physiological and psychological characteristics of tinnitus and its treatment have yielded a variety of conclusions The variation in results may reflect heterogeneous patient populations. Although the sources of variation are many, one may be derived from combining patients of several severities of tinnitus into a single group. A nosology is proposed for tinnitus severity to be classified by the patient's behavioral responses. Classifying patients allows direction to specific treatment modalities and will facilitate research. The concept of phantom auditory pain and a rational basis for the use of antidepressant therapy are discussed.
GPR56 Regulates Pial Basement Membrane Integrity and Cortical Lamination

GPR56 is a member of the family of adhesion G-protein-coupled receptors that have a large extracellular region containing a GPS (G-protein proteolytic site) domain. Loss-of-function mutations in the GPR56 gene cause a specific human brain malformation called bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (BFPP). BFPP is a radiological diagnosis and its histopathology remains unclear. This study demonstrates that loss of the mouse Gpr56 gene leads to neuronal ectopia in the cerebral cortex, a cobblestone-like cortical malformation. There are four crucial events in the development of cobblestone cortex, namely defective pial basement membrane (BM), abnormal anchorage of radial glial endfeet, mislocalized Cajal-Retzius cells, and neuronal overmigration. By detailed time course analysis, we reveal that the leading causal events are likely the breaches in the pial BM. We show further that GPR56 is present in abundance in radial glial endfeet. Furthermore, a putative ligand of GPR56 is localized in the marginal zone or overlying extracellular matrix. These observations provide compelling evidence that GPR56 functions in regulating pial BM integrity during cortical development.
Percent osteonal bone versus osteon counts: The variable of choice for estimating age at death

Ahlqvist and Damsten's (1969) modification of the Kerley (1965) method for histological age estimation uses percent osteonal bone, rather than actual osteon counts, in order to eliminate the difficulty of distinguishing between intact and fragmentary osteons. Since their method has been developed for the femur only, and several more recent methods have been proposed that utilize percent osteonal bone, a study was undertaken to ascertain the relative value of percent osteonal bone compared with osteon counts to estimate age at death for the radius, tibia, and fibula. First the question of how much of the cross-section of a bone should be sampled was addressed by comparing the results of regression against age for percent osteonal bone derived from sampling only four fields with those derived from the entire cross-section of the radius. A significant age association was found only when the entire cross-section was sampled. In order to evaluate the relative merit of using either percent osteonal bone, or osteon counts to estimate age, each variable was regressed against age. Significant correlation coefficients were found for all three bones when the independent variable was osteon counts. When percent osteonal bone was employed, a significant correlation was found only for the radius. Stepwise linear regression found osteon counts for the fibula alone to be the best age predictor. Finally, a repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that percent osteonal bone and osteon counts both differ among the three bones within an individual. Based upon these results, osteon counts, rather than percent osteonal bone, should be the variable of choice when developing histological age predicting methods.
Revision of the structure of przewalskinone B

Abstract Biosynthetic considerations suggested that the recently assigned structure ( 1 ) of przewalskinone B was incorrect. Synthetic studies support the revision of the structure of przewalskinone B to 3.
Sharing is Caring: Assistive Technology Designs on Thingiverse

An increasing number of online communities support the open-source sharing of designs that can be built using rapid prototyping to construct physical objects. In this paper, we examine the designs and motivations for assistive technology found on Thingiverse.com, the largest of these communities at the time of this writing. We present results from a survey of all assistive technology that has been posted to Thingiverse since 2008 and a questionnaire distributed to the designers exploring their relationship with assistive technology and the motivation for creating these designs. The majority of these designs are intended to be manufactured on a 3D printer and include assistive devices and modifications for individuals with disabilities, older adults, and medication management. Many of these designs are created by the end-users themselves or on behalf of friends and loved ones. These designers frequently have no formal training or expertise in the creation of assistive technology. This paper discusses trends within this community as well as future opportunities and challenges.
Lack of dopaminergic modulation of cognitive flexibility.

Objective To evaluate performance on a cognitive flexibility task after administration of a dopaminergic agonist. Background L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, which is converted into dopamine and norepinephrine, results in a restriction of the semantic network in priming experiments. Recent evidence suggests that flexibility of access to semantic networks in problem solving is mediated by the noradrenergic system. We wished to determine if dopaminergic agonists also affect this type of cognitive flexibility. Methods Eighty-four subjects were tested twice on an anagram task, once 1 hour after bromocriptine (dopamine agonist) and once 1 hour after placebo administration. Results No difference was detected between placebo and bromocriptine on anagram performance. Conclusions Therefore, modulation of this type of cognitive flexibility does not seem to be mediated by the dopaminergic system. This suggests that the noradrenergic modulation of cognitive flexibility previously reported does not seem to extend to the dopaminergic system among catecholamines.
Belief in Supernatural Phenomena and Locus of Control

It is hypothesized that Rotter's I-E variable mediates individual differences in supernatural and superstitious beliefs, with externals exhibiting more positive attitudes toward such phenomena. An approximately equal number of male and female introductory psychology students were selected as externals (N = 20) and internals (N = 23) from upper and lower quartiles of the Rotter I-E scale. All Ss were administered an attitude questionnaire assessing beliefs toward several paranormal, occult, and pseudoscientific phenomena. Analysis via a 2 × 2 (I-E Control × Sex) analysis of variance strongly confirmed the hypothesis (p < .01). Although not predicted, females, regardless of I-E status, were much more favorably disposed toward such phenomena than males (p < .01). Differences in more general attitudes toward both religion and science are suggested as mediating the over-all I-E and sex differences.
Eviction's Fallout: Housing, Hardship, and Health

Millions of families across the United States are evicted each year. Yet, we know next to nothing about the impact eviction has on their lives. Focusing on low-income urban mothers, a population at high risk of eviction, this study is among the first to examine rigorously the consequences of involuntary displacement from housing. Applying two methods of propensity score analyses to data from a national survey, we find that eviction has negative effects on mothers in multiple domains. Compared to matched mothers who were not evicted, mothers who were evicted in the previous year experienced more material hardship, were more likely to suffer from depression, reported worse health for themselves and their children, and reported more parenting stress. Some evidence suggests that at least two years after their eviction, mothers still experienced significantly higher rates of material hardship and depression than peers. Language: en
The Changing Face of Asthma-Reply

In Reply.— In our articles, the intent was to demonstrate that recent trends are not an artifact resulting from diagnostic changes. The records systems used for our analyses were not designed to collect information on the many risk factors for asthma. The National Hospital Discharge Survey is based on a sample of hospitals and does not have data appropriate for small, local-area analysis of exposures to factors such as air quality or person-specific information. The US vital record system can be used to study small, local areas. However, death from asthma is a relatively infrequent event; hence, reliable statistics cannot be calculated for small populations, or even large populations over a small period of time. Dr Christian reasonably suggests that air pollutants may be influencing these recent trends. A number of experimental studies and analyses of health event clusters implicate various air pollutants as bronchial irritants. Questions related to asthma
Early recollections of first‐borns

Compared the early recollections of 50 first-borns and 98 later-borns. The first-borns mentioned significantly more nonfamily members, illness/injury, hospital/doctor's office in their early recollections than did later-borns. Later-borns, on the other hand, mentioned significantly more siblings than did first-borns. With regard to other variables, there were no significant differences in early recollections of the two groups. Findings were discussed in the context of Adler's personality theory.
Orientation of primary cilia of articular chondrocytes in three-dimensional space

Primary cilia have functions as sensory organelles integral to signal transduction and establishment of cell polarity. In articular cartilage the primary cilium has been hypothesized to function as an antenna to sense the biomechanical environment, regulate the secretion of extracellular matrix components, and maintain cellular positional information, leading to high tissue anisotropy. We used analysis of electron microscopy serial sections to demonstrate positional attributes of the primary cilium of adult equine articular chondrocytes in situ. Data for ~500 axonemes, comparing superficial to radiate chondrocytes from both load-bearing and non-load-bearing regions, were graphed using spherical co-ordinates θ, φ. The data demonstrate the axoneme has a definable orientation in 3D space differing in superficial and radiate zone chondrocytes, cells that differ by 90° in the orientation of their major axes to the articular surface. Axonemal orientation is more definable in load-bearing than in non-load-bearing areas. The position of emergence of the axoneme from the cell also is variable. In load-bearing regions of the superficial zone, extension of the axoneme is from the cellular side facing the subchondral bone. In radiate zone cells, axonemes extend from either face of the chondrocyte, that is, both toward the articular surface or toward the subchondral bone. In non-load-bearing regions this consistency is lost. These observations relate to current hypotheses concerning establishment of tissue anisotropy in articular cartilage during development, involving both migration of cells from the joint periphery and a restricted zone of division within the tissue resulting in the columnar arrangement of radiate zone cells.
On the role of anionic lipids in charged protein interactions with membranes.

Abstract We investigate the role of anionic lipids in the binding to, and subsequent movement of charged protein groups in lipid membranes, to help understand the role of membrane composition in all membrane-active protein sequences. We demonstrate a small effect of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) lipids on the ability of an arginine (Arg) side chain to bind to, and cross a lipid membrane, despite possessing a neutralizing charge. We observe similar membrane deformations in lipid bilayers composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and PC/PG mixtures, with comparable numbers of water and lipid head groups pulled into the bilayer hydrocarbon core, and prohibitively large ~ 20 kcal/mol barriers for Arg transfer across each bilayer, dropping by just 2–3 kcal/mol due to the binding of PG lipids. We explore the causes of this small effect of introducing PG lipids and offer an explanation in terms of the limited membrane interaction for the choline groups of PC lipids bound to the translocating ion. Our calculations reveal a surprising lack of preference for Arg binding to PG lipids themselves, but a small increase in interfacial binding affinity for lipid bilayers containing PG lipids. These results help to explain the nature of competitive lipid binding to charged protein sequences, with implications for a wide range of membrane binding domains and cell perturbing peptides.
The Role of Self-Blame in Children's Adjustment to Parental Separation

A longitudinal study of a nonclinical sample of 6- to 12-year-old children of divorcing parents examined the incidence, antecedents, and correlates of feelings of self-blame about parental separation during the first 18 months after the breakup. About one third of the children reported some feelings of self-blame at 6 months after the separation; I year later this figure had dropped to 20%. Being caught in triadic relations with the two parents was associated with self-blame, but parental disagreement over child rearing and a history of physical, mental, or school problems were not. The consequences of self-blame for children's adjustment to the separation were primarily negative, according to self-, mother, and teacher ratings. Children who reported feelings of self-blame had lower perceived competence, more psychological symptoms, and more behavior problems.
Short communication: Reactivity of diacetyl with cleaning and sanitizing agents

Abstract Diacetyl is used to impart a buttery flavor to numerous food products such as sour cream, cottage cheese, vegetable oil–based spreads, baked goods, and beverages. Recent studies have linked exposure to high concentrations of diacetyl and the onset of bronchiolitis obliterans. Due to the reported risks that diacetyl may pose, many food companies have altered practices to reduce worker exposure to diacetyl, including the use of personal respirators, improved air handling systems, and adequate cleaning practices. Commonly used cleaning and sanitizing agents may be reactive with diacetyl; however, the efficacy of these chemicals has not been studied in detail and remains unclear. The objective of this work was to study the reaction chemistry of diacetyl with common industrial cleaning and sanitizing chemicals. The reactions were assessed at equimolar concentrations and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Peroxyacetic acid was most reactive with diacetyl (95% reduction in diacetyl), followed by sodium hypochlorite (76% reduction), and hydrogen peroxide (26% reduction). Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) did not react with diacetyl. Acetic acid was detected as the main product of reactions of diacetyl with peroxyacetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, and hydrogen peroxide. 1,1-Dichloro-2-propanone and 1,1,1-trichloropropanone were also identified as volatile reaction products in the sodium hypochlorite reactions.
Sleep Fragmentation During Late Gestation Induces Metabolic Perturbations and Epigenetic Changes in Adiponectin Gene Expression in Male Adult Offspring Mice

Sleep fragmentation (SF) is a common condition among pregnant women, particularly during late gestation. Gestational perturbations promote the emergence of adiposity and metabolic disease risk in offspring, most likely through epigenetic modifications. Adiponectin (AdipoQ) expression inversely correlates with obesity and insulin resistance. The effects of SF during late gestation on metabolic function and AdipoQ expression in visceral white adipose tissue (VWAT) of offspring mice are unknown. Male offspring mice were assessed at 24 weeks after dams were exposed to SF or control sleep during late gestation. Increased food intake, body weight, VWAT mass, and insulin resistance, with reductions in AdipoQ expression in VWAT, emerged in SF offspring. Increased DNMT3a and -b and global DNA methylation and reduced histone acetyltransferase activity and TET1, -2, and -3 expression were detected in VWAT of SF offspring. Reductions in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and H3K4m3 and an increase in DNA 5-methylcytosine and H3K9m2 in the promoter and enhancer regions of AdipoQ emerged in adipocytes from VWAT and correlated with AdipoQ expression. SF during late gestation induces epigenetic modifications in AdipoQ in male offspring mouse VWAT adipocytes along with a metabolic syndrome–like phenotype. Thus, altered gestational environments elicited by SF impose the emergence of adverse, long-lasting metabolic consequences in the next generation.
Pregnant women's interest in a website or mobile application for healthy gestational weight gain

Abstract We examined pregnant women's interest in using a website or mobile application to help them gain a healthy amount of weight during pregnancy. Pregnant women (N = 64) completed a short questionnaire during routine prenatal care at hospital-based obstetric clinics in central Massachusetts during April–August 2012. Eighty-six percent reported interest in using a website or mobile application to help them gain a healthy amount of weight; interest ranged from 67% to 100% across demographics, clinical characteristics, and technology use. The Internet is a promising modality for delivering interventions to prevent excessive gestational weight gain and associated maternal and child health consequences.
Consistent graph layout for weighted graphs

Summary form only given. In this paper, we present three algorithms that build graph layouts for undirected, weighted graphs. Our goal is to generate layouts that are consistent with the weights in the graph. We introduce tree algorithms and show that they can be successful in solving the problem up to a certain precision.
Turbulence effects on target illumination by laser sources: phenomenological analysis and experimental results.

A phenomenological and analytical description is given of atmospheric turbulence effects on laser beam waves, including the improved target irradiance characteristics resulting from cancellation of turbulence-induced beam wander through reciprocity tracking. The mechanisms related to the mean irradiance include diffraction, wander, and wavefront distortion (beamspread), while irradiance-fading is caused by wander, first-order scintillation, and coherent fading. The phenomenological description unifies the often fragmentary and inconsistent treatment of beam wave phenomena found in the literature and is sufficiently accurate for engineering purposes. It will be shown that wander-cancellation and control of the transmitter beam diameter can result in substantial improvements in target illumination. The analyses are compared with experimental data for the detailed statistical and spectral characteristics of on-axis target irradiance.
Three-Dimensional Activation Mapping in Ventricular Muscle: Interpolation and Approximation of Activation Times

Interpolation plays an important role in analyzing or visualizing any scalar field because it provides a means to estimate field values between measured sites. A specific example is the measurement of the electrical activity of the heart, either on its surface or within the muscle, a technique known as cardiac mapping, which is widely used in research. While three-dimensional measurement of cardiac fields by means of multielectrode needles is relatively common, the interpolation methods used to analyze these measurements have rarely been studied systematically. The present study addressed this need by applying three trivariate techniques to cardiac mapping and evaluating their accuracy in estimating activation times at unmeasured locations. The techniques were tetrahedron-based linear interpolation, Hardy's interpolation, and least-square quadratic approximation. The test conditions included activation times from both high-resolution simulations and measurements from canine experiments. All three techniques performed satisfactorily at measurement spacing < or = 2 mm. At the larger interelectrode spacings typical in cardiac mapping (1 cm), Hardy's interpolation proved superior both in terms of statistical measures and qualitative reconstruction of field details. This paper provides extensive comparisons among the methods and descriptions of expected errors for each method at a variety of sampling intervals and conditions.
Representation of Nonlinear Functions by Means of Operational Amplifiers

The representation of a wide variety of nonlinear functions by means of the interconnection of unstabilized operational amplifiers is discussed. The nonlinear functions described include rectification, saturation functions, coulomb friction, dead space, and starting friction. The use of operational amplifiers alone to produce square waves and triangular waves, as well as gating operations, is also discussed. These latter circuits are combined to give a time division multiplier using only standard operational amplifiers as components. Accuracy capabilities for all of these nonlinear operations are the order of 0.01 to 1 per cent.
A mock "on-call" experience for pharmacy students in a pain and palliative care elective.

ABSTRACTA pain and palliative care pharmacotherapy elective with a culminating experience requiring students to be “on-call,” make a pharmacotherapy or monitoring decision in a short, specified period of time, and return the call of the health care professional (HCP) with an appropriate answer is described. The changing roles of pharmacists in pain management and end- of-life care are addressed. The structure of the experience and results from the first 74 students to complete it are discussed.
Maximum Entropy Image Restoration: Formulated As A Correction Term To The Inverse Filter Solution

We introduce a simplified technique for calculating the maximum entropy solution for restoration of degraded images. We show that the maximum entropy solution can be formulated as an inverse filter estimate plus a correction term. The estimate starts with the inverse filter solution and an iterative algorithm produces the correction term. At each iteration we use an entropy gradient and an analytically calculated step size. The algorithm uses two Fourier transforms per iteration. Examples show that, after only a few iterations, the technique reduces the artifacts often found in the inverse filter estimate.
A low-phase-noise LC QVCO with bottom-series coupling and capacitor tapping

A novel LC Quadrature VCO (QVCO) employing bottom-series coupling and capacitor tapping to suppress phase noise at low voltage operation is presented. Placing the coupling transistors at the bottom of the switching pairs, the bottom-series coupling method yields zero resonator-phase-shift (RPS) which maximizes the quality factor (Q) of the resonator. The capacitor tapping technique allows a large signal swing at the resonator outputs while maintaining the current sources and the turned-on switching transistors in saturation. Therefore, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the loaded Q of the resonator are both boosted resulting in a low phase noise. The proposed QVCO achieves the figure of merit (FOM) of 189 dBc/Hz with a phase noise of -120.3 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset when operating at 6 GHz, and draws 5 mA from a 1-V power supply.
Do actions speak louder than words? Differential effects of apology and restitution on behavioral and self-report measures of forgiveness

We built upon previous laboratory studies by examining the independent and interactive effects of restitution and apology on behavioral and self-reported measures relevant to forgiveness. Undergraduates (N ¼ 155) received two of 10 tickets in a distribution. Some thought another participant was the distributor; others thought it was random. Later, some participants received restitution as nine tickets from the artificial participant, whereas others received nine tickets by chance. Some also received an apology. Participants then distributed 10 tickets to the artificial participant, the behavioral measure of forgiveness. Participants also self-reported forgiveness by rating the motivations underlying their distribution, including the motive, ‘to express forgiveness’. Results indicated restitution increased behavioral expressions of forgiveness, but apology increased self-reported forgiveness. The restitution effect was partially mediated by empathy and the desire to help the transgressor. This study underscores the importance of both restitution and apology and of using multiple measures of forgiveness.
The Clinical Evaluation of Balance Disorders

Disorders of the balance system fall into the purview of many different medical disciplines, and many patients with balance problems have a number of different factors underlying their complaint. These two facts often render the evaluation of an unsteady patient a difficult task. Not only can unsteadiness have a variety of causes, but there are a lot of unsteady people! Ninety million Americans over the age of 17 have had balance (or dizziness) problems. In individuals over 70 years of age, the problem is extremely common. Balance-related falls account for more than one half of the accidental deaths of the elderly.
PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL BETA-HEMOLYSIN I. Production of Beta-Hemolysin

Staphylococcal beta hemolysin from the 681 strain of Staphylococcus aureus grown in a Heart Infusion dialysate semisolid medium under 10% carbon dioxide was obtained in an immunoelectrophoretically pure form by a combination of procedures of precipitation with 2 volumes of acetone followed by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose at pH 6.0. The acetone precipitation procedure did not show any deleterious effect on the hemolytic activity of the beta hemolysin unless the precipitate was left in contact with the acetone for at least 4 hr. The crude preparations contained two types of beta hemolysin. One of these represented the major portion of the total activity of beta hemolysin and behaved as a cation. The other represented a minor (1/5,000) portion of the total beta hemolysin activity and behaved as an anion. These active principles were designated as cationic and anionic beta hemolysins, respectively. An unexpected increase in the total beta hemolysin activity of the crude preparations was noted when these were concentrated by dialysis against polyethylene glycol (20 m). This effect was probably due to polyethylene glycol. A further unexpected increase in the titer of the acetone-precipitated preparations occurred when these were lyophilized. The reason for this incremental increase is not known. It may be due to fragmentation of the beta hemolysin.
Making operative concepts from Murray Schafer’s soundscapes typology: A qualitative and comparative analysis of noise pollution in Bangkok, Thailand and Los Angeles, California

Employing components of Murray Schafer’s soundscape typology from his inimitable 1977 work, The Soundscape: Our Sonic Environment and the Tuning of the World, my exploratory study qualitatively and comparatively explores the sonic landscape and noise pollution ‘texture’ of Bangkok, Thailand and Los Angeles, California. By employing Schafer’s soundscape concepts to explain how people subjectively accommodate and generate the noises and sounds of cities, I hope to move beyond the conventional quantitative measurements of sound through decibels. The study argues that urban sociology’s blind spot is that qualitative examinations of the sonic environment have not been undertaken. By making operative Schafer’s soundscape concepts I make the preliminary argument that a qualitative understanding of urban noise reveals social structure insofar as cultural accommodations of noise, urban configurations of a city and degrees of development of a city are concerned.
Wavelet decomposition of binary finite images

Constructs a theory of wavelet decompositions of binary images. The construction defines binary valued wavelets and scaling functions and their associated spectral properties. The authors begin by introducing a new binary field transform and the corresponding concept of sequence spectra over GF(2). Using this transform, a theory of binary wavelets is then developed in terms of 2-band perfect reconstruction filter banks. By generalizing the corresponding real field constraints of bandwidth, vanishing moments, and spectral content in the filters, a perfect reconstruction wavelet decomposition is created. An example to illustrate the potential use for compression applications is included. >
Characterization of the lactation-dependent fatty liver in myo-inositol deficient rats.

The characteristics of the lipid deposited during lactation- dependent fatty liver development in mt/o-inositol-deficient rats were studied. After only 4 days of lactation, cholesterol esters and triglycA©ride levels were significantly elevated, whereas liver phospholipid levels were significantly depressed in the livers of mi/o-inositol deficient dams com pared with rats fed mt/o-inositol supplemented diets. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of numerous large intracellular lipid droplets in the livers of dams deprived of mt/o-inositol after 14 days of lactation. Plasma lipoprotein lipid levels were depressed for mt/o-inositol deprived dams during lactation, suggesting a block in hepatic lipoprotein secretion. In addition, elevation of the plasma lipid levels after the onset of mammary involution emphasized the role that lactation and associated hormonal changes may play in the development of this fatty liver. Though not sig nificantly different, elevation of the mean concentration of plasma free fatty acids in mt/o-inositol deficient dams above that of the myo-inositol supplemented dams was also observed during lactation. The contribution of these factors to the development of lactation-induced fatty liver in myo- inositol deficient rats is discussed. In phthalylsulfathiazole containing diets, more than 0.05% mt/o-inositol was required to maintain the liver total lipid levels below 1% by weight after 14 days of lactation. No differences in lipid composition were observed in kidney and intestinal tissues from 21- day lactating dams fed the mi/o-inositol deficient or control diets. J. Nutr. 107: 1871-1883, 1977.
Experimental fetal anencephaly in the rhesus monkey: effect on gestational length and fetal and maternal plasma steroids.

Experimental fetal anencephaly was produced in 23 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatto) by removing the fetal head between days 73–82 of gestation. Timing of parturition was significantly disrupted in the 10 animals that were allowed to deliver vaginally: 3 of the anencephalic fetuses were born prematurely and 4 were born postmaturely. Pregnancies of the other 13 animals were interrupted by cesarean section between days 140–151 of gestation. Anencephalic fetuses were significantly lighter than control fetuses and their adrenal glands were atrophied. Mean amniotic fluid volumes and total placental weights of the anencephalic group were not statistically different from those of the control group. Experimental fetal anencephaly significantly decreased maternal venous estradiol; however, it did not affect the concentrations of cortisone, cortisol or estrone in the maternal saphenous vein, fetal umbilical vein or umbilical artery, or the concentrations of progesterone in maternal venous or umbilical arterial plasma....
Acute Bacterial Conjunctivitis Bacteriology and Clinical Implications

We report the results of eye culture specimens, obtained from patients under 20 years of age, submitted to the Bacteriology Department of our institution from January 1 through April 30, 1983. A total of 72 specimens were positive for one or more strains of bacteria. The most commonly isolated bacteria was Hemophilus influenzae (34 strains, 42%), followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (11 strains, 13.75%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (9 strains, 11.25%). Mean age of patients with H. influenzae (excluding a 20-year-old patient) was 15 months with standard deviation of 13 months. Chloramphenicol and tetracycline showed excellent in vitro activity against bacteria of all age groups. Tetracycline may prove to be the drug of choice for the treatment of acute conjunctivitis if comparative clinical data support its in vitro superiority.
Data Center Optics: the emerging scaling challenges

This talk will present an overview on large data center interconnection network metrics and the emerging scaling challenges
Family Caregiving of Aging Adults With Down Syndrome

Although persons with Down syndrome now live to approximately 60 years, the implications of increased longevity on family caregiving have received inadequate attention. Even compared with adults with other types of intellectual disabilities, by their late 40s and 50s adults with Down syndrome often show multiple health problems, cognitive-adaptive declines, and changes in daily work and activities. If alive, their parents are more often elderly, as mothers give birth to newborns with Down syndrome at a median age of 32 years (with high percentages age 40 and older). In addition, higher percentages of adults with (vs. without) Down syndrome live in their family homes and greater percentages may ultimately reside with siblings. Compared with caring for other adults with intellectual disabilities, aging adults with Down syndrome may present earlier—and possibly more severe and more health-related—caregiving challenges to their parents and siblings. As a field and as a society, the authors note that we need to promote revisions of family support policies and interventions; recognize the inter-relations of aging-related changes and their effects; and anticipate how aging-related changes in the brother–sister with Down syndrome and the parent(s) might affect sibling caregivers.
Laboratory investigation of Two Suspected Nassarius poisoning cases

Objective:To investigate the toxicity of two nassidae samples,which were suspected to cause food poisoning in Zhejiang Yueqing.Methods: According to "method for determination of paralytic shellfish poison(PSP) in shellfish for export",the toxicity was tested by mouse bioassay method for PSP.The extracts of nassarius were injected in mice by i.p.,and the toxicity was judged according to the tested mouse unite(MU) with the Standard of Paralytic Shellfixh Poison of Exporting Shellfish in China and the cooresponding standard of FDA in USA.Liquefaction phenomena in the digest gland of bad fresh Nassarius occurred,so their viscous liquid was collected.Results: The toxicity of two remaining Nassarius flesh samples was 259.2 MU/g and 265.6 MU/g respectively,as 64.8 and 66.4 times as that of the international security limitation.Mucus toxicity test showed the toxic effects,but the variation of data was larger.Conclusion: The two cases of food poisoning were caused by strong toxicity of Nassarius.Few mucus samples were offered and it is not enough for further analysis.The toxicity effects may be caused by PSP and other factors(such as microbial contamination,etc.).
Study and Application of the Erection Technology and Equipment for Tower Crane in UHV Engineering

The high,huge and heavy UHV steel pylon demands strict construction safety requirements and construction precision,new requirements are demanded on the construction technology and equipments.With its reliable performance,large lifting moment,stable installaion,fast operation,little aloft working,a new tower crane for pylon erection is developed for UHV project.The new tower crane is successfully applied to the UHV AC demostration project.The technical characteristics and basic specifications of the new tower crane is introduced,and some issues in erecting the UHV steel pylon using the new tower crane are given.The 1 000 kV AC demonstration project is taken as an example to illustrate the construction flow of a UHV steel pylon erection by the new tower crane.It is concluded that the new tower crane for pylon erection can ensure the safe,efficient and environment friendly construction of UHV power grid,and bear great significance in improving the overall power construction ability of China.
Rosai-Dorfman disease of the lung with features of obliterative arteritis

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, also known as Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), is a rare benign non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Twenty-five to forty percent of the cases are extranodal and have been reported in virtually all anatomic locations. In this article, we report a highly unusual case of RDD which presented as multiple pulmonary nodules and associated hilar lymphadenopathy. On resection, extensive obliterative arteritis was noticed. This pathologic presentation of RDD has not been reported before in the English literature. Accurate recognition of this entity is crucial to prevent unnecessary aggressive treatment.
Adenosine for refractory pulmonary hypertension

We report 2 patients with refractory acute pulmonary hypertension. In both, a central venous infusion of adenosine into the circulation effectively lowered pulmonary arterial pressure when standard treatment measures had failed, and reversed the clinical state of shock by achieving pulmonary vasodilatation. We conclude that adenosine may help lower pulmonary arterial pressure without lowering systemic arterial pressure in the setting of acute pulmonary hypertension when standard measures have failed.
Patterns of opioid use in sickle cell disease

Pain, the hallmark complication of sickle cell disease (SCD), is largely managed with opioid analgesics in the United States, but comprehensive data regarding the long-term use of opioids in this patient population is lacking. The pain medication prescription records from a cohort of 203 SCD patients were analyzed. Twenty-five percent were not prescribed opioid medications while 47% took only short-acting opioids, 1% took only long-acting opioids, and 27% took a combination of short-acting and long-acting opioids. The median (interquartile range) daily opioid dose was 6.1 mg (1.7-26.3 mg) of oral morphine equivalents, which is lower than the published opioid use among patients with other pain syndromes. The dose of opioids correlated with the number of admissions due to vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) (r = 0.53, P < 0.001). When the patients were grouped into quartiles based on daily dose opioid use, a logistic regression model showed that history of avascular necrosis (AVN) (OR: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.37-6.02, P = 0.005), 25-OHD levels (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.38-0.93, P = 0.024) and total bilirubin concentration (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42-0.99, P = 0.043) were independently associated with opioid use quartiles. In conclusion, doses and types of opioid medications used by adult SCD patients vary widely. Our findings implicate AVN and lower vitamin D levels as factors associated with higher opioid use. They also suggest an association of higher bilirubin levels, possibly suggesting higher hemolytic rate, with lower opioid use. Am. J. Hematol. 91:1102-1106, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Light-Controlled Selective Disruption, Multilevel Patterning, and Sequential Release with Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films Incorporating Four Photocleavable Chromophores

We report photolabile polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs), produced by the layer-by-layer (LbL) approach, which comprise commercially available photoinert polyanions and photolabile polycations. Photochemical degradation of synthetic photolabile polycations renders these PEMs soluble in near neutral aqueous solutions. Taking advantage of the vast array of available photocleavable chromophores that absorb different wavelengths of light with different quantum yields of photolysis, we designed four photolabile polycations (P1–P4), each containing different photocleavable groups: dialkylaminocoumarin group (P1), different nitrobenzyl groups (P2 and P3), and methoxyphenacyl group (P4). PEMs containing different chromophores dissolved selectively under different irradiation conditions. Sequential photocontrolled dissolution of multilayers from a hybrid, quadruple-compartment LBL film was demonstrated using this approach, as was photolithographic patterning of films at multiple heights using different irradiation...
Accuracy of the Fitbit Zip for Measuring Steps for Adolescents With Visual Impairments

Our purpose in this study was to document the criterion validity of the Fitbit Zip for measuring steps taken by youth with visual impairments (VI). A secondary purpose was to determine whether walking pace, mounting position, or relative position to the user’s mobility device impacted the criterion validity of the device. Fourteen adolescent-aged individuals (Mage = 15.4; 13 male and 1 female) with VI participated in this study. Participants wore four Fitbit Zips at different mounting positions and completed two, 2-min walking trials while the lead investigator hand tallied steps. Measurement validity was analyzed using absolute percent error (APE), intraclass correlation coefficients estimated level of conformity, and paired samples t tests and Cohen’s d effect sizes assessed APE relative to mounting positions. Results supported the use of the Fitbit Zip during regular-paced walking; however, caution must be used during activities exceeding regular walking speeds, as devices consistently underestimated s...
Comprehensively Critical Metapolitics

The context of Popper’s advocacy of critical rationalism is his defense of the open society. Popper rejects uncritical or comprehensive rationalism as self-defeating and thus an invitation to irrationalism which, in turn, endangers the open society. Bartley argued that a thoroughly critical rationalism can remain comprehensive and consistent, rendering unnecessary Popper’s “minimal concession to irrationalism.” Popper’s rejection of Bartley’s claim and the ensuing debate are abstracted from the metapolitical question of the best defense of a rationalism supportive of an open society. This essay surveys the debate over the limits of critical rationalism in terms of Popper’s original political, or metapolitical project.
Wanted: Effective Followers in Surgery.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION This SURGICAL PERSPECTIVE paper brings to our readers the general topic of "followership." Leadership has received a lot of attention in the administrative education domain; however, there is a history of academic research on the role and importance of the effective follower. We review some of the critical articles in this field, and present a possible approach for incorporating the notion of effective followership in a surgical context.
A nonlinear impulse sampler for detection of picosecond pulses in 90 nm SiGe BiCMOS

In this paper, a novel nonlinear impulse sampler is presented. The architecture uses an ultrafast transmissionline based inductive peaking technique to turn on a high-speed sampling bipolar transistor for a few picoseconds. It is shown that the sampler can detect impulses as short as 100 ps. The chip is fabricated in IBM 9HP BiCMOS process technology and occupies an area of 1.02 mm2. The power consumption of the chip is 105 mW.
Metabolite Profiling in Blood Plasma

Metabolite profiling has been established as a multiparallel strategy for relative quantification of a mixture of compounds or compound classes using chromatography and universal detection technologies (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [GC-MS], liquid chromatography-MS). Despite its origins dating back to the late 1960s, it was only in the 1980s that its use was acknowledged to diagnose metabolic disorders in men, especially for rapid screening of inborn errors. Even faster electrospray ionization-MS/MS screening methods replaced longish chromatographic methods, and method development had stopped despite its potential use for other, less imminent diseases such as likelihood assessments of type II diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular risk factor evaluation. In addition to its diagnostic use, profiling blood samples can be employed to investigate specific biochemical responses. The broader scope of analysis outweighs the disadvantages by taking compromises in method development and the reduced accuracy for specific metabolites. This chapter exemplifies the strategies in metabolite profiling by GC-MS. It gives experimental details on basic steps like blood plasma withdrawal, storage, protein precipitation, extraction, concentration, derivatization, data acquisition, raw data processing, and result data tranformation. A major difference to profiling plant tissues is that no fractionation step is utilized, enabling the analysis of primary metabolites like sugars and amino acids concomitant with lipids such as sterols and free fatty acids.
Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity as a Progressive Disease

Electromagnetic hypersensitivity is a new, progressive disabling disease associated with computers that has received little attention from the bioelectromagnetic community. It has many names: electro-hypersensitivity and hypersensitivity to electricity. Several million people all over the world complain of symptoms. Some acquired such severe disability that they became unable to work. The afflicted also suffer stress because of the uncertainty as to whether the medical profession will recognize their illness, disability boards award their claims, health insurance pay for their treatment and their employers provide an atmosphere in which they may continue to work.