cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A CRISPR Tagging-Based Screen Reveals Localized Players in Wnt-Directed Asymmetric Cell Division

Oriented cell divisions are critical to establish and maintain cell fates and tissue organization. Diverse extracellular and intracellular cues have been shown to provide spatial information for mitotic spindle positioning; however, the molecular mechanisms by which extracellular signals communicate with cells to direct mitotic spindle positioning are largely unknown. In animal cells, oriented cell divisions are often achieved by the localization of force-generating motor protein complexes to discrete cortical domains. Disrupting either these force-generating complexes or proteins that globally affect microtubule stability results in defects in mitotic positioning, irrespective of whether these proteins function as spatial cues for spindle orientation. This poses a challenge to traditional genetic dissection of this process. Therefore, as an alternative strategy to identify key proteins that act downstream of intercellular signaling, we screened the localization of many candidate proteins by inserting fluorescent tags directly into endogenous gene loci, without overexpressing the proteins. We tagged 23 candidate proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans and examined each protein's localization in a well-characterized, oriented cell division in the four-cell-stage embryo. We used cell manipulations and genetic experiments to determine which cells harbor key localized proteins and which signals direct these localizations in vivo We found that Dishevelled and adenomatous polyposis coli homologs are polarized during this oriented cell division in response to a Wnt signal, but two proteins typically associated with mitotic spindle positioning, homologs of NuMA and Dynein, were not detectably polarized. These results suggest an unexpected mechanism for mitotic spindle positioning in this system, they pinpoint key proteins of interest, and they highlight the utility of a screening approach based on analyzing the localization of endogenously tagged proteins.
TITAN: Uncovering the Paradigm Shift in Security Vulnerability at Near-Threshold Computing

In this paper, we investigate the emerging security threats at Near-Threshold Computing (NTC) that are poised to jeopardize the trustworthy operation of future low-power electronic devices. A substantial research effort over the last decade has bolstered energy efficient operation in low-power computing. However, innovation in low-power security has received only marginal attention, thwarting a ubiquitous adoption of critical Internet of Things applications, such as wearable gadgets. Using a cross-layer methodology, we demonstrate that the timing fault vulnerability of a circuit rapidly increases as the operating conditions of the transistor devices shift from super-threshold to near-threshold values. Exploiting this vulnerability, we propose a novel threat model for NTC, referred to as a Ti ming Faul t A ttack at N TC (TITAN) . TITAN relies on a malicious application software to induce timing fault attacks in the underlying NTC hardware. We evaluate the efficacy of TITAN using real hardware. Additionally, we propose two security parameters that dictate the fault resilience of a system. Based on those parameters, we show a 1.6× and a 2.8× deterioration in the fault resilience of a low-power operation, over a traditional super-threshold operation. Using a GDB driven analysis, we also present different user-level impacts of TITAN, on some real-life applications.
Preceptor perceptions of block scheduling and institutional track programs to prepare APPE students for residency or hospital careers.

Abstract Introduction Butler University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (BUCOPHS) and Purdue University College of Pharmacy (PUCOP) created Block Scheduling and Institutional Track programs with the goal of better preparing students interested in pursuing postgraduate residency and/or a career in institutional practice. While informal feedback has been positive from both students and preceptors, more formalized feedback was sought. The objective of this study was to determine whether preceptors perceived additional benefits in precepting students selected through Block Scheduling and Institutional Track programs compared to students scheduled on rotations through a traditional preference or optimization process. Methods A 12-item electronic survey instrument was sent to BUCOPHS and PUCOP preceptors who had precepted block-scheduled and/or institutional track students in the 2014–15 and 2015–16 academic years. Results The majority of preceptors (71.4%) felt that the time they spent orienting block and institutional track students was less or significantly less when compared to orienting traditionally scheduled students. Seventy-three percent (73.2%) of preceptors reported that block-scheduled and institutional track students were more or significantly more prepared for residency positions than traditional students. The majority of preceptors (93%) indicated they would recommend block scheduling or an institutional track to other practice sites. Reported benefits to the preceptor included additional time to dedicate to patient care, additional time to complete projects and initiatives for the pharmacy department, and publishable research produced from student projects mentored. Conclusion Preceptors perceived benefits in precepting block-scheduled and institutional track students compared to traditionally scheduled rotation students.
Toward Integrating Catholic Social Teaching into Graduate Social Work Education

Social work programs are one mechanism within Catholic institutions of higher education for advancing the social mission of the Church. The social work profession seeks the achievement of a just society that promotes the dignity of the human person in the context of community and social relationships. This article describes beginning efforts to integrate Catholic Social Teaching (CST) into an integrative seminar on social justice and social change in a graduate social work program. It also identifi es existing models and organizations that universities can look to for support if they endeavor to bring CST into their course content in a meaningful way.
Motion Involving Mean Curvature

In the last chapter we discussed the motion of an interface in an externally generated velocity field V↦(x↦, t). In this chapter we discuss interface motion for a self-generated velocity field (x↦ that depends directly on the level set function φ. As an example, we consider motion by mean curvature where the interface moves in the normal direction with a velocity proportional to its curvature; i.e., V↦ = -bκN↦, where b > 0 is a constant and κ is the curvature. When b > 0, the interface moves in the direction of concavity, so that circles (in two dimensions) shrink to a single point and disappear. When b < 0, the interface moves in the direction of convexity, so that circles grow instead of shrink. This growing-circle effect leads to the growth of small perturbations in the front including those due to round-off errors. Because b < 0 allows small erroneous perturbations to incorrectly grow into 0(1) features, the b < 0 case is ill-posed, and we do not consider it here. Figure 4.1 shows the motion of a wound spiral in a curvature-driven flow. The high-curvature ends of the spiral move significantly faster than the relatively low curvature elongated body section. Figure 4.2 shows the evolution of a star-shaped interface in a curvature-driven flow. The tips of the star move inward, while the gaps in between the tips move outward.
The Archaeological Test

Parmana region of the middle Orinoco was first surveyed for archaeological sites. Surface survey in undisturbed terrain is not possible in that part of the Orinoco because archaeological deposits become covered up with sand blown from the river beaches in the dry season. To obtain a representative sample of different kinds of sites of ancient human activity, it would be necessary to get a stratified random sample through systematic test pitting. The local topography and patterns of erosion in the region furnish a good substitute for site survey by massive test excavation or auguring. This substitute is the slowly eroding face of the high banks that face the inner channel of the Orinoco. This high land is the only land in the region, with possible exception of the Parmanita lakes area and a few dunes in the outer floodplain, which would have been habitable year round. The face of the bank system provides a natural cross section that can be scrutinized for archaeological remains.
Evolutionary Emergence and Impact of Atypical Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strains

This chapter reviews the findings on some of atypical strains, examines the genetic mutations underlying their atypical phenotypes, addresses the impact they have on public health, and discusses how they fit into the evolutionary model of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Almost all generic E. coli strains produce β-glucuronidase (GUD), so a popular assay to identify E. coli utilizes the fluorogenic GUD substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide. The definitive identification of O157:H7 strains is based on the serological presence of both the O and the H antigens. The authors found that the majority of Shiga toxin (Stxs)-producing O157:NM strains are actually phenotypic variants of O157:H7 and they can sometimes be induced to express the H7 antigen. More recent analysis by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) concurred with the multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) results in that both TT12A and TT12B had ST66, the most common genotype for O157:H7 strains. The somatic (O) 157 and the flagellar (H) 7 antigens are key markers that are extensively used in diagnostics to identify the O157:H7 serotype. Many of the atypical O157:H7 variants have a public health impact, as they are often pathogenic and will cause illness but, due to the lack of trait marker(s), are not easily detected by assays routinely used to test for O157:H7. Although phenotypically distinct, many of the atypical O157:H7 variants were found to have identical multilocus genotypes (ST66) and belong to the A6 clonal group. Therefore, such strains represent newly identified O157:H7 variants that merely lost typical phenotypic features.
Engaging Students: Conducting Community-Based Research in the Senior Capstone Course.

Engaging undergraduate students in community-based research (CBR) offers rich benefits to both students and communities (Strand, Marullo, Cutforth, Stoeker, & Donahue, 2006). Finding ways to expand its application promises to multiply those benefits. Senior capstone courses represent a promising vehicle for that expansion, as they are also generally research based and extremely common in contemporary higher education (Hauhart & Grahe, 2015). However, CBR and capstones each have multiple goals and present significant challenges, raising questions about the feasibility of merging practices. This research presents a case study of a capstone sociology course organized around group-based CBR projects. The case demonstrates that CBR-focused capstones, if intentionally designed, are feasible. Assessments by students and community partners provide evidence that the course also achieved the goals of capstones and of CBR. Discussion addresses steps taken since the initial case study to sustain and institutionalize the practice, including measures to assist instructors.
A higher-order preferential solvation model for the fluorescence of two PRODAN derivatives in toluene-alcohol mixtures

Abstract The fluorescence behavior of 3-(dimethylamino)-8,9,10,11-tetrahydro-7H-cyclohepta[ α ]naphthalen-7-one and 1-(6-(dimethylamino) naphthalen-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropan-1-one, both carbonyl-twisted derivatives of PRODAN, in binary mixtures of toluene and an alkanol (methanol, ethanol isopropanol) is fit to a three-step preferential solvation model. The photophysical parameters extracted from the model include the solvatochromic shifts resulting from a single H-bond and the quenching that is due to changes in polarity only. The results confirm that quenching involves two H-bonds. They also show that the H-bond-induced quenching shows an energy-gap dependence.
Abstract 2614: CCAR2 acetylation establishes a BET/BRD9 acetyl switch in response to combined deacetylase and bromodomain inhibition

There continues to be interest in targeting epigenetic ‘readers, writers and erasers’ for the treatment of cancer and other pathologies. A mechanistic understanding is frequently lacking, however, for the synergy observed when combining deacetylase and bromodomain inhibitors. We identified cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 2 (CCAR2) as an early target for acetylation in colon cancer cells treated with sulforaphane (SFN). N-terminal acetylation of CCAR2 diminished its interactions with histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and β-catenin, interfering with Wnt coactivator functions of CCAR2, including in cells harboring genetically encoded CCAR2 acetylation. Protein domain arrays and pull-down assays identified acetyl ‘reader’ proteins that recognized CCAR2 acetylation sites, including BRD9 and members of the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family. The BET inhibitor JQ1 synergized with SFN in colon cancer cells, and suppressed tumor development effectively in a preclinical model of colorectal cancer. Studies with SFN+JQ1 in combination implicated a BET/BRD9 acetyl switch, and a shift in the pool of acetyl ‘reader’ proteins in favor of BRD9 regulated target genes. These results highlight the competition that exists among the ‘readers’ of acetylated histone and non-histone proteins, and provide a mechanistic basis for potential new therapeutic avenues involving epigenetic combination treatments. Citation Format: Gavin S. Johnson, Praveen Rajendran, Li Li, Ying-Shiuan Chen, W. Mohaiza Dashwood, Nhung Nguyen, Ahmet M. Ulusan, Furkan Ertem, Mutian Zhang, Deqiang Sun, Yun Huang, Shan Wang, Hon-Chiu E. Leung, David Lieberman, Laura M. Beaver, Emily Ho, Mark T. Bedford, Kyle Chang, Eduardo Vilar, Roderick H. Dashwood. CCAR2 acetylation establishes a BET/BRD9 acetyl switch in response to combined deacetylase and bromodomain inhibition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2614.
A randomized pilot trial of two parenting interventions for fathers in residential substance use disorder treatment.

Abstract Residential substance misuse treatment programs for men typically do not integrate treatment for intimate partner violence (IPV) or parenting despite significant overlap between substance misuse, IPV and child maltreatment. A randomized trial compared two fatherhood focused interventions in 6-month residential substance misuse treatment programs. Fathers for Change (F4C) is an integrated intervention targeting IPV and child maltreatment. Dads ‘n’ Kids (DNK) is a psychoeducational intervention focused on child development and behavioral parenting skills. Sixty-two fathers were randomly assigned to F4C or DNK. They received 12 weeks of individual treatment while in the residential facility and were offered 4 aftercare sessions following discharge. They were assessed prior to treatment, at the time of residential discharge, following completion of the intervention booster sessions, and 3 months following intervention. Overall, both groups showed significant reductions in affect dysregulation, anger, and IPV. F4C fathers showed significantly greater decreases in affect dysregulation problems. There were no significant differences between groups on IPV but men who received F4C may have been less likely to use substances after leaving residential treatment. Integration of fatherhood focused interventions were possible and welcomed by residents at the facilities. F4C showed some benefit over DNK in terms of affect dysregulation symptoms and substance use relapse.
Counterstereotyping can change children's thinking about boys' and girls' toy preferences.

Abstract Children think that peers prefer gender-stereotypical toys over gender-counterstereotypical toys. These beliefs can limit children’s exploration of gender-counterstereotypical behaviors and prevent the development of broad skills and interests. The current research tested interventions to combat gender-based stereotyping about toys among children aged 4 to 7 years (N = 373). Across four experiments featuring seven different intervention versions, participants saw videos where a teacher provided counterstereotypical messages about toy preferences (e.g., “boys like dolls,” “girls like trucks”). The phrasing of the messages (e.g., generic vs. demonstrative) and accompanying photographs (e.g., images of many children vs. one child) varied across experiments. In all intervention conditions, participants made more counterstereotypical (and fewer stereotypical) predictions about peers’ toy preferences after viewing intervention videos; differences in the phrasing of the intervention message (e.g., “boys like dolls” vs. “this kid likes dolls”) had little effect on participants’ predictions. In Experiment 4, an intervention condition containing generic phrasing and gender noun labels (e.g., “boys like dolls”) changed children’s selection of toys for peers. This research provides promise for counterstereotyping as an impactful and easily implementable intervention strategy.
Phasor-Domain Circuit Analysis

When analyzing and designing circuits for specific functions, solving and optimizing the circuit parameters would be very tedious if we were restricted to solving the complete differential equation for each case. Instead, we need a way to simplify the differential equations that arise due to inductors and capacitors into algebraic expressions. Phasor-domain circuit analysis allows us to make this simplification by assuming sinusoidal steady-state excitation and replacing the time derivatives with complex numbers.
Impacts of commercially available adaptive cruise control vehicles on highway stability and throughput

Abstract Adaptive cruise control (ACC) vehicles are proving to be the first generation of automated vehicles. Although many studies have found that, theoretically, ACC vehicles may have positive impacts on traffic string stability and throughput, recent studies reveal that commercially-available ACC vehicles are string unstable. However, it is still not clear what impacts on highway traffic these commercially-available ACC vehicles may have at higher market penetration rates. Therefore, the objective of this study is twofold: (i) investigate the impacts on highway traffic capacity of mixed human-piloted vehicles and theoretical ACC vehicles as well as commercially-available ACC vehicles at different market penetration rates; (ii) explore the potential relationship between string stability and highway throughput. We use the intelligent driver model with calibrated parameter values from car following data collected on commercially-available ACC vehicles and compare the simulation results to simulations conducted using a theoretical ACC vehicle model with parameter values obtained in the literature. The results show that when simulating ACC vehicles found in the literature,traffic flow is string stable and the bottleneck capacity increases by up to 7% at higher market penetration rates as compared to homogeneous human driven traffic. When commercially-available ACC vehicles are simulated, the traffic flow is string unstable and the bottleneck capacity decreases at higher market penetration rates with some scenarios resulting in a decrease in capacity of up to 35%. The analysis provides evidence that bottleneck capacity is substantially affected by string stability and inter-vehicle time gap, while downstream throughput is solely influenced by time gap.
Cooperation between public authorities and non-governmental youth associations in preparing the strategic documents in the field of youth policy in EU countries

EU youth policy is very dynamic, but with different rates of development in each EU country. The main purpose of youth policy in the EU is to motivate and support making informed life decisions that contribute to the personal and social development of young people and the development of society as a whole. Accomplishing this goal is possible only by empowering the young citizens and their active involvement in the preparation, implementation and evaluation of the initiatives and activities efficiency that reflect the needs, interests, ideas and experiences of young people.However, in order to establish a common European civic space, it is necessary to consider the national circumstances of each EU country and the implementation of the state youth policy of each state separately.As the issue of the relationship between public authorities with various youth policy actors in the European Union remains under-explored, and a comprehensive approach to the study of European youth policy is missing, we analyzed the state of interaction between public authorities and EU youth associations on preparing the national development strategies for youth policy, such as France, Germany, Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic.The aim of the article is to study the problem of interaction between government agencies and youth associations on the example of attracting young citizens in the development and implementation of regulations in some EU countries and to justify proposals for implementing the Strategy for State Youth Policy of Ukraine 2030.The article clarifies the imperfection of a comprehensive approach to the implementation of youth work in the European community. It is proposed to use the best results of cooperation between the authorities and the youth of Europe in the implementation of the guidelines for youth work in Ukraine and the use of the tool - Youth Welfare Index for monitoring the youth policy and strategy implementation. Attention is paid to the feasibility of using a two-component approach in the implementation of state youth policy, in particular in achieving the strategy, namely achieving sustainable development goals through the implementation of youth policy and the implementation of state youth policy through sustainable development goals.
Developing a workflow to integrate tree inventory data into urban energy models

Building energy simulation is of considerable interest and benefit for architects, engineers, and urban planners. Only recently has it become possible to develop integrated energy models for clusters of buildings in urban areas. Simulating energy consumption of the built environment on a relatively large scale (e.g., such as a neighborhood) will be necessary to obtain more reliable results, since building energy parameters are influenced by characteristics of the nearby environment. Therefore, the construction of a 3-D model of urban built areas with detail of the near-building environment should enhance simulation approaches and provide more accurate results. This paper describes the process of integrating urban forest inventory data into a 3-D energy model for a US Midwest neighborhood, including building footprint, parcel and tree data. This model was prepared for use in the Urban Modeling Interface (umi) tool to analyze the effect of tree shading on building energy performance. We used Grasshopper 3-D, the Meerkat plug-in, and GIS to integrate these datasets for model generation.
Thermal stability of dopants in boron carbide

Abstract Undoped (B4C), B rich (B5.5C), and B/Si co-doped (Si-B6.5C) boron carbides were annealed at 500 °C for up to 21 days to investigate the thermal stability of primary dopants, B and Si. Structural changes associated with dedoping were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The stable phase B4C showed no microstructural or lattice parameter changes. Similarly, lattice parameters of B5.5C remained constant, suggesting that B dopant is stable at the given conditions. However, the shortened lattice parameters and reduced Si content of Si-B6.5C over the annealing time indicated that Si dopant was in a metastable state at the annealing temperature. Consequently, Si dedoping led to an increase in amorphization (a loss of local crystalline order) which degrades the ballistic performance of boron carbide. The insight highlights the importance of Si dopant in boron carbide and suggests that rapid processing may be necessary to retain more silicon for better performance.
Photo Essays for Interpreting Landscape in an Instructor-Led International Field Course

This lesson plan describes the application of a photo essay technique for landscape interpretation in an interdisciplinary instructor-led international field course. In the scholarly tradition of g...
Constructing and Repairing Our Bridges: Statistical Considerations When Placing Agents into Legislative Preference Space

A statistical test of hypotheses regarding the strategic interaction between legislators and third-party agents, such as lobbyists, bureaucrats, or experts, requires some ``bridging'' method to place each type of actor into preference spaces that are comparable. Current solutions to the bridging problem either attempt to place both legislators and agents into an arbitrary preference space entirely disconnected from the institutional setting, or they attempt to place agents into a legislative roll-call preference space mistakenly as if agents were themselves legislators. I propose a new method that leverages the observed behavioral hypotheses to identify a set of agent-specific bridging parameters that place agents directly into legislative roll-call preference space as agents, rather than counterfactually as legislators. I apply my method to test whether members of Congress condition their questioning of witnesses in committee hearings on preference similarity within the legislator-witness dyad, as a test of lobbying models for strategic information transmission.
Effects of Dynorphin 1−13 on Opiate Binding and Dopamine and GABA Uptake in a Cat Model of Stroke

Opiates are best known for their analgesic properties, but they have many other effects on central nervous system (CNS) functions, including respiration, temperature control, and behavior. We have reported that certain opiates also may produce recovery from cerebral ischemia [1, 2, 4, 9]. Subsequent studies performed by others to confirm this finding in some [4, 9–11], although not all [6, 8], cases indicated that, in both experimental animals and in humans, opiate agonists exacerbate the symptoms of stroke, whereas opiate antagonists may prolong survival and, in some cases, ameliorate neurological deficits. Dynorphin1–13, an endogenous opioid peptide with both agonist and antagonist properties [12, 13], also has been shown to improve survival in animals [3].
Determined persistence: achieving and sustaining job satisfaction among nurse practitioners.

Purpose Job satisfaction of nurse practitioners (NPs) has been studied using quantitative methods. A grounded theory approach was used in this study to understand the contextual nature of the NPs’ description of job satisfaction from a personal perspective. Data source A grounded theory approach as described by Glaser and Strauss was used in this study. The study took place in a rural northeastern state. The researcher conducted face-to-face interviews using open-ended questions with 15 participants. Constant comparative method was utilized to analyze data culminating in a basic social process. Conclusions The participants described holistic care as the foundation of their work and their relationship with patients as determining factors of job satisfaction. When NPs felt as though patient care was compromised, they became dissatisfied. NPs were highly satisfied when providing holistic care and within an environment that respected their professional values. Implications for practice In order to maintain accessibility to high-quality health care, it is imperative to understand the factors that contribute to job satisfaction of NPs. As the healthcare system evolves, healthcare policymakers and healthcare organizations must develop strategies to ensure job satisfaction among NPs.
The erosion of the Glass–Steagall Act:: Winners and losers in the banking industry

Abstract This paper studies stock price reaction to increased investment banking powers for commercial banks using Seemingly Unrelated Regressions. Market participants react favorably to the announcement of increased Section 20 powers to the Glass-Steagall Act both with and without a risk-shift variable. When the sample is split, abnormal returns are significantly higher for Money Center Banks, banks with prior Section 20 subsidiaries, and Large Regional commercial banks as compared to Small Regional banks. Cross sectional analysis suggests that banks with prior Section 20 subsidiaries have higher abnormal returns and Small Regional banks have lower abnormal returns than the average bank in the sample. Keywords: Glass-Steagall Act; Section 20 subsidiaries
Palliative head and neck radiotherapy with the RTOG 8502 regimen for incurable primary or metastatic cancers

Summary Objectives To report on our institutional experience of palliative radiotherapy (RT) of cancers in the head and neck by the RTOG 8502 ‘QUAD SHOT’ regimen. Methods Seventy-five patients completed at least 1 cycle of palliative RT to the head and neck for primary or metastatic disease based on the RTOG 8502 regimen (3.7 Gy twice daily over 2 consecutive days at 4 week intervals per cycle) between 2/2005 and 7/2014. Results Median patient age was 76 years (range 23–97). The most common histologies were squamous cell carcinoma (55%), non-anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (10%) and salivary gland carcinoma (9%). Thirty patients (40%) received prior RT at the palliative site. Twenty-eight patients (37%) completed at least three RTOG 8502 cycles. Sixty-five percent of all patients had a palliative response. Median overall survival was 5.67 months (range, 0.20–34.5). Grade 3 toxicity in 4 patients (5%) consisted of acute dermatitis and functional mucositis. Palliative response was significantly correlated with increasing number of RTOG 8502 cycles (p = 0.012), but not KPS, prior RT, palliative chemotherapy, prior surgery, histology or stage. On survival analysis, palliative response (p Conclusions For patients with incurable malignant disease in the head and neck, the palliative RTOG 8502 ‘QUAD SHOT’ regimen provides excellent rates of palliative response with minimal associated toxicity. Patients who are able to complete greater number of RT cycles have higher rates of palliative response and overall survival.
Testing: Mechanical Characterization

Test methods for mechanical testing of fibrous composite materials subjected to tension, shear, and compression are presented. Material response into the nonlinear range and effective elastic constants are presented for selected composites. Keywords: tension; shear; compression; moduli; nonlinear response; carbon/epoxy; aramid/epoxy; laminae; laminates
Activation of human synovial membrane adenylate cyclase by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).

Abstract A TSH - responsive adenylate cyclase has been demonstrated in human synovium providing the first indication of a possible role for cyclic adenosine - 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in synovial membrane function. TSH activation of the synovial membrane preparation was completely inactivated by TSH antibodies. These findings indicate a possible mechanism for the pathogenesis of myxedema arthritis and perhaps the presence of other hormonal controls for the biosynthesis and secretion of synovial fluid.
2013 M&SOM Best Paper Award

It is a pleasure to announce that the 2013 Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Best Paper Award goes to Omar Besbes, Robert Phillips, and Assaf Zeevi for “Testing the Validity of a Demand Model: An Operations Perspective” for its contribution to theory and practice of operations management. The three authors will share a $2,000 prize, contributed by the MSOM Society of INFORMS.
Prevention of T-2 toxin-induced morphologic effects in the rat by highly activated charcoal.

The efficacy of a highly activated charcoal in preventing the morphologic effects of T-2 toxin was examined in female rats. T-2 toxin at 25 mg/kg (6×LD50) was given orally to all rats. Half the rats also received the charcoal, at a dose of 9 ml/kg and a concentration of 104 mg/ ml, while the other half received water. A charcoal-treated rat (T-2 toxin + charcoal) was killed at the time of death of each positive control animal (T-2 toxin alone). Severe necrosis was seen in the spleen, thymus, stomach, small intestine, liver and adrenal glands of the positive controls (T-2 toxin alone). Lesions were absent or minimal in the paired charcoal-treated rats (T-2 toxin + charcoal).
Using design of experiments to improve precision glass moulding

A design of experiments (DOE) approach was used to characterise the effect of process parameters, including heating and cooling rates, soaking times, moulding viscosities, and forces applied during the moulding and cooling stages on the repeatability of the final thickness of moulded N-BK7 and LBAL35 glasses using a precision glass moulding (PGM) machine. Analysis of the DOE showed that process parameters that lengthen the overall time of the moulding process tend toward more repeatable final thicknesses. Using the ideal parameters found by the DOE, the error in the final thickness was held within ±0.05 mm.
Urinary cytodiagnostic abnormalities in 50 patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas

Urinary cytodiagnostic evaluation was performed on 50 consecutive patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. In 14 patients (28%) the urine sediment contained characteristic lymphoma cells. The groups with or without a positive urine cytology were comparable with respect to type of lymphoma, stage and course of disease, and recent treatment with chemotherapy. However, those with a positive urine cytology were more likely to have clinical evidence of kidney disease (43% vs 8%), although this was rarely attributed to disseminated lymphoma. In fact, in three patients, a positive urine cytology was the sole or presenting evidence for disseminated lymphoma. Although the groups with or without a positive cytology were similar with regard to physicochemical urinary findings, there were marked differences in the frequency of microscopic abnormalities. All patients with a positive cytology had evidence of renal parenchymal necrosis, renal tubular injury, or pathologic cast formation as compared with only 56% of those with a negative cytology. Thus, urinary cytodiagnostic evaluation may provide an important adjunct in the staging and evaluation of patients with malignant lymphomas.
Sequential Oxidative and Reductive Bleaching of Stained and Pigmented Wool in a Single Bath

A new process applicable to bleaching of both stained and pigmented wool combines a conventional bleaching process for pigmentation with a recently reported single- bath oxidative/reductive bleaching process. Conventionally, pigmented fibers in wool are selectively bleached by a three-step process: mordanting with ferrous ions, thorough and specific rinsing, and then bleaching with hydrogen peroxide. The process is de pendent on selective retention of ferrous species on melanin pigmentation, but some nonselective retention of ferrous ions on wool following rinsing leads, upon subsequent treatment with hydrogen peroxide, to an undesirable light brown discoloration from ferric species. The recently reported single-bath bleaching process, which was developed for stained wool, converts the unspent hydrogen peroxide of the initial oxidative bleaching step to a reductive substance in situ by reaction with thiourea followed by an appropriate pH adjustment to 7-8. When this process is combined with the ferrous mo...
Probabilistic spatial mapping and curve tracking in distributed multi-agent systems

In this paper we consider a probabilistic method for mapping a spatial process over a distributed multi-agent system and a coordinated level curve tracking algorithm for adaptive sampling. As opposed to assuming the independence of spatial features (e.g. an occupancy grid model), we adopt a novel model of spatial dependence based on the grid-structured Markov random field that exploits spatial structure to enhance mapping. The multi-agent Markov random field framework is utilized to distribute the model over the system and to decompose the problem of global inference into local belief propagation problems coupled with neighbor-wise inter-agent message passing. A Lyapunov stable control law for tracking level curves in the plane is derived and a method of gradient and Hessian estimation is presented for applying the control in a probabilistic map of the process. Simulation results over a real-world dataset with the goal of mapping a plume-like oceanographic process demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithms. Scalability and complexity results suggest the feasibility of the approach in realistic multi-agent deployments.
Protected Areas and Climate Change

The study of protected areas and climate change has now spanned two decades. Pioneering work in the late 1980s recognized the potential implications of shifting species range boundaries for static protected areas. Many early recommendations for protected area design were general, emphasizing larger protected areas, buffer zones, and connectivity between reserves. There were limited practical tests of these suggestions. Development of modeling and conservation planning methods in the 1990s allowed more rigorous testing of concepts of reserve and connectivity function in a changing climate. These studies have shown decreasing species representation in existing reserves due to climate change, and the ability of new protected areas to help slow loss of representation in mid-century scenarios. Connectivity on protected area periphery seems more effective than corridors linking protected areas. However, corridors serving other purposes, such as large carnivore movement, may be useful for accommodating species range shifts as well. Assisted migration and ex situ management strategies to complement protected areas are being explored. Finally, in scenarios of the latter half of the century, protected areas and connectivity become increasingly expensive and decreasingly effective, indicating the importance of reducing human-induced climate change.
Pore scale simulation of solute transport in fractured porous media

[1] We investigate the effects of the porosity (and thus permeability) of porous matrix and the fracture aperture on transport in fractured porous media. We do so with detailed lattice Boltzmann simulations on constructed porous media with a single fracture. Both plume spatial moments (the average plume velocity and the dispersion coefficients) and mass transfer coefficients between the facture and the porous matrix are analyzed. It is found that unlike transport in channels or in pure porous media, solute transport in fractured porous media is non-Gaussian with long tails and with time-dependent mean plume velocities and non-Fickian dispersion coefficients. Higher spatial moments may be needed to fully characterize such plumes and the conventional advection-dispersion equation with upscaled coefficients may be inadequate for describing this anomalous dispersive behavior. The long tailing stems from mass transfer between the fracture and the porous matrix and from the contrast in flow velocities of the two media. It is shown that the mass transfer coefficient is proportional to the matrix diffusivity and inversely proportional to the square of the grain size of the porous matrix. Even for low porosity and low permeability porous matrix whose contribution to flow in the fractured porous media can be neglected, mass transfer between the fractures and the matrix is usually non-negligible.
An implosive component in the seismic moment tensor of a mining-Induced tremor

In early 1988, a special study in one of the major South African gold fields yielded seismograms that indicate seismic moment tensors having substantial implosive components. The moment tensor, resulting from the inversion of the ground motion data from the best-recorded event, was decomposed into isotropic and deviatoric components from which both the coseismic volumetric closure ΔV and the total shear deformation AD, where A is fault area and D is average slip, could be estimated. The finding here that ΔV ∼ AD is consistent with earlier analyses of how the tabular mine stopes interact with the surrounding rock mass to produce seismic deformation.
A study of layered lithium manganese oxide cathode materials

Abstract Substituted layered sodium manganese oxide bronzes with the P2 structure were prepared by glycine-nitrate combustion synthesis. The Na in the as-prepared materials could be completely ion-exchanged for Li under mild conditions. All lithium manganese oxide compounds obtained after ion-exchange have O2 stacking of the layers. Cyclic voltammetry and stepped potential experiments on lithium cells containing these materials show that the main redox reaction around 3.1 V is a diffusion-controlled process and is completely reversible. O2-Li0.6[Al0.1Mn0.85□0.05]O2 and O2-Li0.6[Ni0.1Mn0.85□0.05]O2 are particularly promising as cathode materials in lithium cells because of the high reversible discharge capacities (180 mAh/g).
Intravitreal injection of plasminogen kringle 5, an endogenous angiogenic inhibitor, arrests retinal neovascularization in rats.

Aims/hypothesis. Plasminogen kringle 5 is an endogenous angiogenic inhibitor. The purpose of the present study was to explore the potential application of kringle 5 in the treatment of retinal neovascularization. Methods. Plasminogen kringle 5 was expressed in E. coli and affinity-purified. Its anti-angiogenic activity was determined in cultured primary human capillary endothelial cells. Retinal neovascularization was induced in newborn rats by exposure to hyperoxia and then normoxia. Kringle 5 was intravitreally injected into the rat model. Retinal neovascularization was visualized by fluorescein angiography on flat-mounted retina and quantified by counting preretinal vascular cells. Results. Plasminogen kringle 5 inhibited primary endothelial cells but not retinal neuronal cells, suggesting cell type-specific inhibition. The oxygen-induced retinopathy rat model showed an over-expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, preretinal neovascularization and haemorrhage. Intravitreal injection of kringle 5 before the development of neovascularization resulted in fewer neovascular tufts and pre-retinal vascular cells than in control rats with PBS injection (p < 0.01). Moreover, injection of kringle 5 after the development of neovascularization inhibited the increase in the preretinal vascular cells (p < 0.05). These results suggest that kringle 5 both prevents the development and arrests the progression of retinal neovascularization. The injection of kringle 5 did not result in any detectable inflammatory response in the retina or histological toxicity to retina neurons and pre-existing vessels. Conclusion/interpretation. These observations suggest that intravitreal delivery of angiogenic inhibitors could have therapeutic benefits in neovascular diseases of the retina. [Diabetologia (2001) 44: 757–765]
Immunoproliferative effects of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in germfree mice.

SummaryMice with congenitally-acquired LCM virus infection were maintained under germfree condtions for 12 months. With advancing age, the mice showed histological evidence of uncontrolled immunoproliferative changes: the enlarged lymph nodes and spleens contained large germinal zones and numerous plasma cells. The cortical cells of the thymus glands were progressively depleted of cortical cells, became shrunken, eventually swollen, and infiltrated with large plasma cells. The visceral organs had perivascular infiltrations of lymphoid and plasma cells which displaced significant amounts of parenchyma. The plasmacytomas which developed differed from the lesions associated with murine leukemia.
Rainbow cliques and the classification of small BLT-sets

In Finite Geometry, a class of objects known as BLT-sets play an important role. They are points on the Q(4,q) quadric satisfying a condition on triples. This paper is a contribution to the difficult problem of classifying these sets up to isomorphism, i.e., up to the action of the automorphism group of the quadric. We reduce the classification problem of these sets to the problem of classifying rainbow cliques in graphs. This allows us to classify BLT-sets for all orders q in the range 31 to 67.
Validating the nonparental adult inventory (NPAI) for mental health assessment and research.

Survey data collected from 518 parent-adolescent dyads were used to examine the psychometric properties of the NonParental Adult Inventory (NPAI). Test–retest reliability, internal reliability, and factor structure were examined. Reliability analyses indicate adequate to good test–retest reliability and internal consistency. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses support three-factor models that differ for parent and adolescent samples, both of which explain approximately 54 % of the variance. The NPAI reveals a three-factor structure that clearly differentiates between related and nonrelated adults in both adolescent and parent samples. This scale may be useful to both practitioners in assessment procedures and researchers for use in multivariate analyses.
Matrix multiplication by optical methods.

The utilization of coherent optical correlation techniques in the performance of matrix multiplication by optical analog methods has been investigated mathematically. Although the basic concepts have been known for some time, we have not been able to find explicit analyses in the existing literature. Since many correlations other than those corresponding to the desired matrix multiplication terms exist, methods of isolating the desired from the undesired terms are presented. Various spatial configurations for both the input and output arrays are discussed. For the special cases of 2 × 2 matrices the analyses are presented in greater detail. Using simple circ function distributions, the effects of finite-sized array elements and detector apertures are investigated.
VOLUME CHANGES IN ISOLATED MYOFIBRILS.

Volume changes in glycerol-extracted myofibrils were studied. The effect of pH, ion content and ATP concentration on the change in volume was determined. A volume change greater than that attributed to ATP dephosphorylation was observed. The magnitude of the volume change of the entire system was 10−3 cm3 whereas that due to dephosphorylation was 10−6 cm3. The ratio of ATPase activity in a volume decrease to that in a volume increase was found to be approx. 10:1. The total amount of volume decrease measured approx. 0.028 cm3/g of muscle with a fresh myo fibril preparation. The volume increase which was observed upon the addition of large amounts of ATP amounted to approx. 0.036 cm3/g of muscle. The relationship between the volume changes and molecular reorganization of the myofibril proteins was discussed. It was concluded that either a large configurational change occurs in the myofibril proteins during an ATP-induced contraction or relaxation, or that the volume changes are related to the dissociation and association of actin and myosin filaments