cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
E-175 Effect of intra-arterial verapamil treatment on brain tissue oxygenation in the setting of cerebral vasospasm

Background Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after aneurysmal subarachanoid hemorrhage (aSAH). During medically refractory symptomatic CVS targeted intra-arterial (IA) vasodilators, such as verapamil, are routinely used. Despite evidence of radiographic improvement of vessel caliber, there is limited evidence of clinically substantial and persistent improved perfusion subsequent to IA verapamil. Objective To evaluate effect of IA verapamil on down-stream brain tissue oxygen tension (PbTO2) in patients with angiographic vasospasm. Methods All patients with poor grade aSAH who had a PbTO2 monitor and underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for the evaluation of and treatment of CVS with IA-verapamil between 2013 and 2015 at UCLA. All patients that were found to have any extent of angiographic vasospasm were treated with IA verapamil to the corresponding internal carotid artery (ICA) or vertebral artery (VA). PbTO2 over the 24 hour epochs before and after each angiogram in the group with angiographic vasospasm was compared to group without vasospasm using a Student T-test. Results We identified seven patients with aSAH who had PbTO2 monitoring during intervals before and after DSA for the evaluation and treatment of CVS. We found six distinct epochs with and six additional epochs without angiographic vasospasm. The average PbTO2 during a 24 hour epoch prior to DSA with spasm was significantly lower than the ones prior to DSA without vasospasm (18.4 vs 25.4, p=0.04). The average PbtO2 during a 24 hour epoch after DSA with evidence of angiographic vasospasm and treatment with IA verapamil normalized to the distribution of 24 epochs after DSA with no spasm who did not receive any treatment (23.2 vs 24.6, p=0.66). Conclusion Intra-arterial verapamil could be used in normalizing pathologically low brain tissue oxygen tension in the setting of angiographic vasospasm. Further research is needed to understand appropriate dosing of IA verapamil by vasospasm severity. Disclosures K. Khatibi: None. V. Szeder: None. M. Buitrago Blanco: None. S. Tateshima: None. R. Jahan: None. G. Duckwiler: None. P. Vespa: None.
Fractures of the hand.

Fractures of the hand are among those most commonly encountered in an active clinical practice. Appropriate treatment and attention to detail and follow-up and rehabilitation can enable most patients with these injuries to resume an active, productive life within a reasonable amount of time. Certain pitfalls and complications occur in these fractures, and prompt attention and recognition of these complications and pitfalls results in improved function and a decreased amount of time lost to the injury.
Improving student food insecurity interfaces

This research report details how collaborative research teams used a mixed-methods research and design process to iterate and improve student food insecurity online portals and to better position the university to more directly address both student resiliency goals and unsustainable university community behaviors. Earlier student research teams collected data on potential interventions to increase broadly-identified student sustainability behaviors (behaviors like recycling, using mass transit, and reducing water use and food waste) through two semester-long diary studies. Diary studies revealed student ambivalence about being tasked with documenting personal sustainability behaviors while also trying to improve personal economic and social well-being. In order to foster awareness and improvement of student sustainability, collaborative facultystaff-student design teams reframed the sustainability intervention prompt into a student resiliency enquiry. Based on lessons learned from the student diary studies and institutional longitudinal attitude surveys, the staff-faculty-student teams designed student resiliency research to investigate the more immediate nutritional needs of at-risk students. Faculty and staff researchers asked student researchers to measure student user perceptions, attitudes, and activity to uncover how students navigate food insecurity. Student research teams processed the longitudinal survey data, collected user research data, and ideated solutions to student food insecurity through sketch-boards and interactive mockups. By turning the tools of UX research and design to locate opportunities for improving student experiences, research teams were able to successfully reframe the problem space in a way that would bypass questions of epideictic moral evaluation, and would instead enlist participants in defining the forensic qualities of the problem. Researchers discovered opportunities to solve scarcity problems that can both be described as rooted in sustainability and resiliency. The iterative, mixed-methods research approach invited greater participant understanding and consent by investigating preferred participant conceptual frameworks, and adopting a framework that acknowledged concerns that predominate participants' lived experience.
Growth and mortality of planted interior Douglas-fir and western larch seedlings during the establishment phase in Idaho, USA

Abstract Planting for reforestation is increasingly important for the establishment of forests for future timber production and enhanced carbon sequestration. Planting also requires significant investment to ensure successful seedling establishment. However, initial seedling growth and survival is a common missing link in forest growth and yield models as they are predominantly designed to project established trees often post canopy closure. The multitude of both biotic and abiotic factors that influence growth and mortality of planted seedlings during the establishment phase is less examined. This is likely due to the high variability and complexity of this type of analysis, as well as the general lack of available data. The current study utilized annual measurements of 13,701 seedlings beginning immediately after planting to evaluate growth and mortality of planted interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca [Mirb.] Franco) and western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) seedlings across multiple contrasting sites in northern Idaho and eastern Oregon for the first two years. Our results indicate that growth and mortality of seedlings were strongly influenced by their initial diameter and height such that slimmer and taller seedlings had higher mortality, while diameter and height growth was positively related to initial diameter and height, respectively. Weather conditions, especially measures of temperature and precipitation, had a similarly important role on seedling growth and mortality. The effects of root growth potential and competing vegetation were generally insignificant as pre-planting chemical preparation was applied to all sites. Improved western larch seedlings from seed orchards had higher growth rates with small increases in mortality compared to wild collected sources, but improved Douglas-fir had minimal gains in growth and much higher mortality. The developed seedling models readily fit into the architecture of current individual tree growth and yield models, which extend these models' ability to forecast seedlings during and after establishment. The identified influential factors and specific differences in seedling growth and mortality during the establishment phase provide critical information and guidance to the increasingly important reforestation practice of planting, and the overall analytical framework presented in this analysis is generally applicable to species beyond Douglas-fir and western larch.
Lipid inclusions in cardiac myocytes - a rare case of cardiolipotoxicity

The heart oxidizes fatty acids for its energy production. The physiological balance between fatty acid uptake and its oxidation prevents lipid accumulation in cardiac myocytes. However, accumulation of lipids due to various processes such as obesity, diabetes, heart failure, myocardial ischemia or infarction can result in damage to the heart tissue, also known as cardiolipotoxicity. We present a unique case of a 69-year-old gentleman with a history of heart failure and ventricular tachycardia. Endomyocardial biopsy to assess for restrictive cardiomyopathy/amyloid showed no evidence of amyloid, significant inflammation or fibrosis, but did show intracellular accumulation of significant amorphous material in most cardiac myocytes. We review the literature regarding the pathogenesis of cardiolipotoxicity, which has no definite cause or treatment yet identified.
Pilot test of an accrual Common Metric for the NIH Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Consortium: Metric feasibility and data quality

Failure to accrue participants into clinical trials incurs economic costs, wastes resources, jeopardizes answering research questions meaningfully, and delays translating research discoveries into improved health. This paper reports the results of a pilot test of the Median Accrual Ratio (MAR) metric developed as a part of the Common Metrics Initiative of the NIH’s National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Consortium. Using the metric is intended to enhance the ability of the CTSA Consortium and its “hubs” to increase subject accrual into trials within expected timeframes. The pilot test was undertaken at Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) with eight CTSA Consortium hubs. We describe the pilot test methods, and results regarding feasibility of collecting metric data and the quality of data that was collected. Participating hubs welcomed the opportunity to assess accrual efforts, but experienced challenges in collecting accrual metric data due to insufficient infrastructure and inconsistent implementation of electronic data systems and lack of uniform data definitions. Also, the metric could not be constructed for all trial designs, particularly those using competitive enrollment strategies. We offer recommendations to address the identified challenges to facilitate progress to broad accrual metric data collection and use.
Abstract PO-085: Mass spectrometry imaging of N-glycans identifies racial discrepancies in human prostate tumors

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. A critical knowledge gap in prostate cancer biology is the molecular events underlining higher incidence and mortality rate in Black men. Identifying molecular features that separate racial disparities is a critical step in prostate cancer research that could lead to predictive biomarkers and personalized therapy. N-linked glycosylation is a required co-translational event during protein folding that modulates many biological processes, such as cell adhesion, immune modulation, cell-matrix interactions, and cell proliferation. Recently, aberrant N-linked glycosylation has been reported in prostate cancers. However, the full clinical implications of dysregulated glycosylation in prostate cancer has yet to be explored. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is a new and innovative technique that combines mass spectrometry with imaging, enabling the detection of glycans with spatial distribution. Herein, we performed MALDI-MSI analysis to characterize the N-glycan profile from tissue microarrays of over 100 patient tumors banked at the University of Kentucky with over 10 years of follow-up data. Additionally, we performed MALDI-MSI analysis on large sections of prostate cancer to define the regional distribution of N-glycans within the tumor microenvironment. We successfully identified 46 unique glycans from readily available formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded prostate tissue, and found significant N-glycan dysregulation between benign and prostate tumor tissue across all patient groups. High mannose as well as tri- and tetra-antennary N-glycans were predominantly found in tumor tissue and correlate with increased tumor grade. Surprisingly, several species of N-glycans were profoundly different between early grade prostate tumors resected from White and Black patients. Further, these glycans predict opposing overall survival between White and Black patients with prostate cancer. These data suggest differential N-linked glycosylation underline the racial disparity of prostate cancer prognosis. Our study highlights the potential clinical applications of MALDI-MSI for digital pathology and biomarker applications, and reveals molecular features that contribute to the racial disparity in diagnosis and survival of prostate cancer patients. Citation Format: Lindsey R. Conroy, Lyndsay E.A. Young, Grant L. Austin, Alexandra E. Stanback, Derek B. Allison, Matthew S. Gentry, Richard R. Drake, Ramon C. Sun. Mass spectrometry imaging of N-glycans identifies racial discrepancies in human prostate tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-085.
Strongly two-dimensional exchange interactions in the in-plane metallic antiferromagnet Fe 2 As probed by inelastic neutron scattering

To understand spin interactions in materials of the ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}\mathrm{Sb}$ structure type, inelastic neutron scattering of ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}\mathrm{As}$ single crystals was examined at different temperatures and incident neutron energies. The experimental phonon spectra match well with the simulated phonon spectra obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The measured magnon spectra were compared to the simulated magnon spectra obtained via linear spin wave theory with the exchange coupling constants calculated using the spin polarized, relativistic Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method in Zhang et al. [Inorg. Chem. 52, 3013 (2013)]. The simulated magnon spectra broadly agree with the experimental data although the energy values are underestimated along the $K$ direction. Exchange coupling constants between Fe atoms were refined by fits to the experimental magnon spectra, revealing stronger nearest-neighbor Fe1-Fe1 exchange coupling than previously reported. The strength of this exchange coupling is almost an order of magnitude higher than other exchange interactions despite the three-dimensional nature of the phonon interactions. The lack of scattering intensity at energies above 60 meV makes unconstrained determination of the full set of exchange interactions difficult, which may be a fundamental challenge in metallic antiferromagnets.
What happens after Helping Babies Breathe training is complete? A post training survey of Health Care Workers in Southeast Nigeria

Background: The neonatal mortality rate (NMR) remains disturbingly high in Nigeria despite significant decline in parts of the developing world. The rural area NMR is higher compared to the urban rate with the Southeast region of Nigeria having the 2nd highest rate in 2013. Majority of these deaths are from preventable causes like intrapartum related events. Neonatal resuscitation (NR) programs are low-cost interventions shown to effectively reduce perinatal mortality. Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) is an evidence-based educational program designed to teach NR in resource-limited areas. It has been introduced in …
A world free from nuclear weapons: the Vatican conference on disarmament: by Drew Christiansen, SJ & Carole Sargent, (Eds.) Washington, Georgetown University Press, 2020, 152 pp., (US) $24.95 (paperback), ISBN 9781626168046

The existence of nuclear weapons, the debate on disarmament and nuclear deterrence continue to generate reflections among activists, religious, professors, scholars, and policymakers worldwide. A w...
Tracking Tangible Asset Ownership and Provenance with Blockchain

An emerging use case for blockchain is to track the ownership and provenance of tangible assets. Here, multiple parties work to compile a shared history of an asset from its creation to retirement. An inherent challenge in using blockchain for this task involves keeping the status of the tangible asset in the physical world in sync with its digital counterpart on the blockchain. While there are already several applications of blockchain being used for this purpose, specific implementation details are fragmented. In response, this study examines four stages of tracking tangible assets using a consortium’s permissioned blockchain, including: design and governance of the blockchain, asset creation, asset transfer, and asset retirement. Based on this analysis, the study provides a framework of risk considerations and control objectives to evaluate whether (or to what extent) a specific blockchain serves as a reliable ledger for tracking the ownership and provenance of tangible assets.
Psychological self-defense: A proposed justification for battered women who kill.

A small but increasingly visible number of battered women eventually kill their batterers. While most of these women plead self-defense, they are generally convicted of murder or manslaughter because their homicidal acts rarely fit the narrow legal definition of self-defense. This article (a) explains who battered women are and why they kill; (b) suggests that many, perhaps most, battered women who kill their batterers do so in “psychological self-defense”; and (c) argues that current self-defense law should be expanded to justify such killings.
Pharmacoepidemiology and patient safety in the critically ill

Critically ill patients are at the greatest risk of experiencing preventable and non-preventable adverse drug events (ADEs) compared to other patient populations. Information on ADEs concerning these patients is derived from a wide spectrum of sources such as surveillance studies involving large databases to landmark clinical investigations. Historically there has been a lack of consistency with regard to definitions of commonly used terms such as medication error, ADE, and preventability, which is a fundamental to appropriately conduct and interpret results of epidemiological investigations in this setting. However, attempts have been made to standardize this terminology by national organizations. The increased risk of ADEs in the critically ill patient population is due to a variety of reasons, which include the routine use of the intravenous route of drug administration, medications with a low therapeutic index and high complexity, ‘off-label’ use and an environment that may be conducive to errors. Reporting of ADEs is largely voluntary and is generally underreported and skewed towards the most serious events. Other methods for surveillance of ADEs in the critical care setting include medical record review and direct observation. Each of these methods has their own limitations and the data obtained can vary depending on the method used. A combination of data from all of these methods is likely to produce the most comprehensive information to improve patient safety.
A combined measure of vascular risk for white matter lesions.

Background: Though hypertension is a commonly studied risk factor for white matter lesions (WMLs), measures of blood pressure may fluctuate depending on external conditions resulting in measurement error. Indicators of arterial stiffening and reduced elasticity may be more sensitive indicators of risk for WMLs in aging; however the interdependent nature of vascular indicators creates statistical complications. Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine whether a factor score comprised of multiple vascular indicators would be a stronger predictor of WMLs than traditional measures of blood pressure. Methods: In a sample of well-characterized nondemented older adults, we used a factor analytic approach to account for variance common across multiple vascular measures while reducing measurement error. The result was a single factor score reflecting arterial stiffness and reduced elasticity. We used this factor score to predict white matter lesion volumes acquired via fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging. Results: The combined vascular factor score was a stronger predictor of deep WML ( = 0.42, p < 0.001) and periventricular WML volumes ( = 0.49, p < 0.001). After accounting for the vascular factor, systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements were not significant predictors. Conclusions: This suggests that a combined measure of arterial elasticity and stiffening may be a stronger predictor of WMLs than systolic and diastolic blood pressure accounting for the multicollinearity associated with a variety of interrelated vascular measures.
Spreading a Warm Blanket of Prevention Over All Children: Guidelines for Selecting Substance Abuse and Related Prevention Curricula for Use in the Schools

There is a need for a set of clear, practical, empirically and theoretically grounded guidelines to select substance abuse and related prevention and competence promotion programs based in schools. This report provides such a framework in the form of recommended key elements of effective school-based prevention programs derived from an extensive literature search. In addition, major programs are summarized and compared in relation to their coverage of these key elements.
A Finite-Difference Method with Direct Solvers for Thermally-Driven Cavity Problems

In this paper, we present a computational study concerning the problem of buoyancy-driven flows in a shallow cavity with aspect ratio, Ar = 4. We investigate two cases with rigid and free-surface upper boundaries. For each of these cases, the effects of Grashof number is investigated for low Prandtl number fluids, namely Pr = 0 (conduction limit) and Pr = 0.015. The numerical results indicate the onset of oscillatory flow as well as some sudden transitions at higher Grashof numbers.
In vivo evidence of altered chloride but not potassium secretion in cystic fibrosis rectal mucosa.

Abstract In cystic fibrosis, cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mediated chloride secretion is abnormal in respiratory, small intestinal, and rectal mucosa. Calcium-mediated chloride secretion is also aberrant in CF small intestinal mucosa in cystic fibrosis, in contrast to the respiratory epithelia, where it appears to be normal. To determine whether this disparity between calcium- and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mediated chloride secretion exists in cystic fibrosis rectal mucosa in vivo, transrectal potential difference was measured in age-matched adult cystic fibrosis subjects (n = 8) and control subjects (n = 9) in response to 10-minute luminal perfusions of bethanechol (1 mmol/L) or theophylline (5 mmol/ L). In response to bethanechol, an initial (1-minute) negative change in potential difference (−1.4 ± 1.1 mV; mean ± SEM) was seen in control subjects, in contrast to a positive change in mean potential difference (+2.5 ± 1.0 mV) in cystic fibrosis subjects (control vs. cystic fibrosis, P P P
Customer Psychological Attachment to Service Firms: The Impact of Firm-Level and Situational Variables

Since the publication of Dwyer, Schurr and Oh's (1987) paper, understanding and managing on-going relationships with exchange partners is an important issue in the marketing literature. However, most of the empirical research to date focuses on dyadic relationships within a business-to-business context (see, e.g., Anderson and Weitz 1992; Morgan and Hunt 1994). The issue of relationships in the context of consumer marketing receives relative neglect in academic research (see Sheth and Parvatiyar 1995). Some notable exceptions include Bendapudi and Berry's (1997) theoretical framework for understanding consumer motivation for maintaining a relationship with a service firm and Gwinner, Gremler and Bitner's (1998) empirical examination of the benefits received by consumers as a result of engaging in long-term relational exchanges with service firms. The present research investigated the impact of a select set of firm-level and situational variables on a customer's psychological attachment to a firm.
Crossings and Correspondences: Rethinking Intersectionality and the Category “Latino”

My first course in women's studies was Gloria Anzaldua's “Women of Color in the U.S.” I took the course with a group of women with whom I shared a house in Santa Cruz. We were Chicana and Filipina, all of us activists in MEChA (Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlan) and APISA (Asian/Pacific Island Student Association). That spring quarter, we worked our way through Anzaldua's recently published Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza while also reading essays by Audre Lorde, Norma Alarcon, Janice Mirikitani, and Chela Sandoval. We read lesbian erotica by Azucena Coronel and listened to Cherrie Moraga read poetry. Along with my housemates and activist friends, I spent the quarter reading and talking and learning about how to think more deeply about questions of gender, race, and sexuality and about how these categories helped to shape my personal, intellectual, and political identity.
Free energy of TIP4P water and the free energies of hydration of CH4 and Cl- from statistical perturbation theory

Abstract Statistical perturbation theory has been applied in Monte Carlo simulations to compute the free energy of TIP4P water and the absolute free energies of hydration of methane and chloride ion. The calculations entailed the mutation of a water molecule and of a chloride ion to methane and the subsequent disappearance of the methane in the presence of 216 TIP4P solvent molecules. The NPT ensemble was used at 25°C and 1 atm, so Gibbs free energies were obtained. The mutations to methane proceeded with high precision, while the removal of the methane yielded an uncertainty of about ±0.3 kcal/mol in ΔG. The accord with experimental results is good in all cases; in particular, the computed free energy of TIP4P water is −6.1±0.3 kcal/mol, while the experimental value is −6.3 kcal/mol. The present results demonstrate the utility of statistical perturbation theory for computing absolute free energies of solution and the quality of the underlying potential functions.
Identification of asthma phenotypes in a tertiary care medical center.

Abstract Background Asthma affects 5% to 10% of the population and its severity is assessed using 4 parameters: lung function, symptom frequency, rescue inhaler use, and number of asthma exacerbations. Asthma is increasingly recognized as a clinical syndrome rather than a single disease. However, the current classification system fails to reflect the heterogeneous characteristics of the disease. Methods A retrospective chart review of 139 patients with mild, moderate, and severe persistent asthma was performed. variables including baseline and maximal forced expiratory volume over first second (percent predicted), and age of asthma onset were used to classify patients. Results This yielded 5 clusters similar to Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP). Subjects in cluster 1 (n = 32) and cluster 2 (n = 47) had early-onset atopic asthma and reduced lung function but differed in medication requirement and health care utilization. Cluster 3 (n = 32) consisted of older obese women with late-onset asthma, less atopy, and mildly reduced forced expiratory volume over first second. Members of cluster 4 (n = 20) and cluster 5 (n = 8) had atopic asthma with severe obstruction but differed in bronchodilator response, age of onset, and oral corticosteroid use. Compared with SARP, our subjects were older, had a higher percentage of African Americans and obesity, and less severe asthma ( P P Conclusions The SARP algorithm may be used to classify diverse asthmatic populations into a clinically reproducible phenotypic cluster.
Quasi-Random Model of Band Absorption*

The quasi-random model of band absorption provides a means for the accurate representation of molecular absorption over finite frequency intervals. It does not suffer from the limitations of the Elsasser and statistical models. The spacing between actual spectral lines is not constant nor does it vary in a random manner. The essential features of the actual arrangement of these lines are reproduced in the quasi-random model by the division of the frequency interval of interest into much smaller intervals within which the lines are assumed to be arranged at random. The actual intensity distribution including the important effect of the numerous weak lines is accurately simulated. A new expression for the transmittance related to a finite frequency interval is derived. The absorption from the wings of the spectral lines in other intervals is taken into account. Through these and other features the quasi-random model provides a means of accurately representing molecular absorptance over finite frequency intervals.
Is contralateral exploration of the kidney necessary in patients with Wilms tumor

AbstractPurpose: Surgical exploration of the contralateral kidney in patients with Wilms tumor is standard practice. The introduction of modern imaging techniques (ultrasound, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) in place of excretory urography has led to a more accurate definition of intrarenal pathology. Is contralateral kidney exploration still necessary in patients with Wilms tumor?Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of 75 patients from 3 medical centers who were evaluated and treated for Wilms tumor in the last 14 years. All children underwent preoperative excretory urography, computerized tomography, ultrasound and/or magnetic resonance imaging.Results: Seven bilateral Wilms tumors were diagnosed preoperatively and confirmed surgically, whereas extensive operative exploration of the contralateral kidney in the other 69 patients revealed no additional pathological condition. This concurred with preoperative radiological findings with 100 percent sensitivity and specifici...
Reliability Study of Microwave GaAs Field-Effect Transistors

A two-phase study was performed to investigate basic failure mechanisms, alternate fabrication methods, and operational life times of low-noise microwave MESFETs fabricated on GaAs channel layers grown by liquid-phase epitaxy. The basic sub-elements of the FET were investigated, and a Cr link for connecting the Al gate to Au bond pad was developed and incorporated into an improved FET. The first high-temperature (230 to 270°C) accelerated life tests of GaAs FETs under operational low-noise bias conditions (VD = 5 V, ID = 10 mA) were performed, and decreasing saturated drain current was found to be the primary failure mode below 270°C. An activation energy Ea = 1.5 eV was determined for this mode, and an MTTF of 2 × 108 hr at 100°C is projected. At 270°C the primary failure mode is catastrophic gate failure caused by Au-Al intermetallic formations. Comparisons of parameter aging data support a relationship between dc and rf failure criteria, but considerable scatter appears to weaken its usefulness for individual devices.
Surgery for failed total knee arthroplasty

Sepsis after total bone replacement may be a fulminant and life-threatening circumstance with systemic manifestations of bacterial proliferation, tissue necrosis, and the effects of related toxins. Frequently infection may be diagnosed during the early postoperative period. Systemic signs in association with wound inflammation and drainage lead to increasing suspicion validated by positive culture results. While this same fulminant course may occur long after a previously successful replacement arthroplasty, this is not the usual case. More frequently the late infection is seen as a knee that is not doing well. It is painful. swollen and hot. The radiographs show a progressive radiolucent line and there are reactive calcificatrons or ossifications at the joint capsule. Since the implications of infection are so important regarding, the options for joint salvage. such a knee must be repeatedly aspirated and cultured for all reasonable pathogens before proceeding. Often more than one aspiration will be necessary to obtain true positive results particularly with relatively indolent organisms. Similarly. the prior use of antibiotics may
Education and rural development in Ethiopia

Abstract Educational development plans in Third World countries have stressed the need to develop the economic, social and political potential of their population through a public education system that has emphasized rural development. A case study of the educational system in Ethiopia from 1942 to 1974, a country where more than 85 per cent of the population lives in the rural areas, revealed that the educational system was geared towards urban development and neglected the rural sector. Hence, Ethiopian education was characterized by the concentration of educational resources in urban areas and selected regions, under-representation of female students in schools and in the labor force, and preparation of students for work in urban white-collar positions, positions which provided limited employment.
Senescent changes in the heart of Drosophila repleta Wollaston.

HEARTS of 7 day old and 4 month old Drosophila repleta Wollaston were examined with an electron microscope to study age-related changes of the myofibres. Drosophila provides excellent material for the study of senescent changes; for example, it has a short life span, it is easily available in large numbers and its biology is well known. Furthermore, the heart wall is comprised of a single layer of muscle fibres and is free from any blood vessels which might alter with age and produce secondary changes in the myofibres.
Cytological and taxonomic studies of the Euglenales. II. Comparative microarchitecture and cytochemistry of envelopes of Strombomonas and Trachelomonas

Envelopes of Strombomonas conspersa, like those of Trachelomonas, may range in colour from hyaline to dark brown. Cytochemical staining with Alcian Blue reveals differences between light and dark envelopes of both genera: acidic and sulphated glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides) are present in all the organic matrices; however, in dark envelopes the sulphate groups are masked by the Mn and are detectable only when the metal is removed. The TEM and EM-EDS comparative studies of the microarchitecture and elemental composition of envelopes of Strombomonas conspersa and several species of Trachelomonas show similar results: hyaline envelopes are characterized by unmineralized strands that anastomose to form a complex reticulum, whereas dark envelopes, heavily mineralized with Mn, are composed of dense needle-like components enmeshed in a mucilaginous matrix. In the light of these findings, we propose that Strombomonas conspersa be removed to its original taxonomic position in the genus Trachelomonas, as T...
MuB protein allosterically activates strand transfer by the transposase of phage Mu

The MuA and MuB proteins collaborate to mediate efficient transposition of the phage Mu genome into many DNA target sites. MuA (the transposase) carries out all the DNA cleavage and joining steps. MuB stimulates strand transfer by activating the MuA-donor DNA complex through direct protein-protein contact. The C-terminal domain of MuA is required for this MuA-MuB interaction. Activation of strand transfer occurs irrespective of whether MuB is bound to target DNA. When high levels of MuA generate a pool of free MuB (not bound to DNA) or when chemical modification of MuB impairs its ability to bind DNA, MuB still stimulates strand transfer. However, under these conditions, intramolecular target sites are used exclusively because of their close proximity to the MuA-MuB-donor DNA complex.
NOTE ON DELAY-INTERVAL ILLUMINATION EFFECTS ON RETENTION IN MONKEYS (Cebus apella)

Two monkeys experienced with delayed matching to sample were given a 30-day baseline training period during which the delay interval was illuminated. Both subjects showed an increase in matching accuracy when shifted to dark delay intervals, and accuracy declined when the illuminated delay interval was reinstituted. These results, as well as earlier reports of facilitation of delayed matching behavior by dark delay intervals, support the view that the absolute level of delay-interval illumination can importantly affect visual retention in monkeys and may be indicative of significant differences in the retention mechanisms employed by monkeys and birds.
Interface magnetism in metals: Ag/Fe(001)

A study of the effect of an ordered overlayer of Ag on the magnetism of an Fe(001) surface is presented. In order to understand the changes induced at the Ag/Fe interface, a series of self-consistent spin-polarized local-spin-density calculations were carried out with the use of our allelectron, full-potential, linearized augmented-plane-wave method. While the charge density is found to approach the bulk value within approximately one layer of the interface, the spin density at the interface is found to be strongly perturbed. An enhancement of the Fe magnetic moment at the interface (to 2.52 ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$/atom) is predicted which, however, is significantly less than that found for the clean Fe(001) surface (2.95 ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$). The role of the Ag overlayer in delocalizing the Fe surface states responsible for the increased surface magnetization and the effect on the single-particle spectra is described and discussed. The effect of the surface and interface on the contact hyperfine fields is evaluated: The (negative) core-polarization contribution is found to scale with the moment, but the valence contribution changes sign from negative in the interior to positive at the surface. The physical basis and the relationship of these results to the interpretation of M\"ossbauer-effect measurements of the hyperfine field are described.
Genetic identification by mass spectrometric analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms: ternary encoding of genotypes.

An approach to genetic identification using biallelic single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genetic markers is described in which the three possible genotypes, AA, Aa, or aa, where “A” and “a” represent the two SNP alleles, are assigned a ternary (base 3) digit of 0, 1, or 2, respectively. Genotyping an individual over a panel of separate SNP markers produces a composite ternary genetic code that can be converted to an easily stored, decimal (base 10) genetic identification number. The unambiguous identification of 11 individuals is demonstrated using ternary genetic codes generated from MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric genotyping data from 7 different SNP markers.
Development of a simulator for radiographic image optimization

A software package, incorporating two computational patient phantoms, has been developed for optimizing X-ray radiographic imaging. A tomographic phantom, visible photographic Man tomographic phantom (VIP-Man), constructed from Visible Human anatomical color images is used to simulate the scattered portion of an X-ray system using the Electron Gamma Shower National Research Council (EGSnrc) Monte Carlo code. The primary portion of an X-ray image is simulated using the projection ray-tracing method through the Visible Human CT data set. To produce a realistic image, the software simulates quantum noise, blurring effects, lesions, detector absorption efficiency, and other imaging artifacts. The primary and scattered portions of an X-ray chest image are combined to form a final image for future observer studies and image quality analysis. Absorbed doses in organs and tissues of the segmented VIP-Man phantom were also obtained from the Monte Carlo simulations. This paper presents methods of the simulator and preliminary results.
Coronary thrombus: A novel catheter-based approach to treatment

The presence of coronary thrombus during intracoronary interventions increases the risk of complications during the procedure. We describe a novel approach to infusing thrombolytic agents selectively into a coronary artery utilizing a new low-profile perfusion balloon. This approach may add a useful new treatment for resistant intracoronary thrombi.
Raman Sensor Based on Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering and D-shaped Fibers

We propose and demonstrate a novel Raman sensor based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and D-shaped fibers. Our first proof-of-concept experiment shows that such a sensor is promising for high sensitivity molecular sensing.
Earliest high-Ti volcanism on the Moon: 40Ar-39Ar, Sm-Nd, and Rb-Sr isotopic studies of Group D basalts from the Apollo 11 landing site

High-Ti basalts from the Apollo collections span a range in age from 3.87 Ga to 3.55 Ga. The oldest of these are the common Apollo 11 Group B2 basalts which yield evidence of some of the earliest melting of the lunar mantle beneath Mare Tranquillitatis. Rare Group D high-Ti basalts from Mare Tranquillitatis have been studied in an attempt to confirm a postulated link with Group B2 basalts (Jerde et al., 1994). The initial Sr isotopic ratio of a known Group D basalt (0.69916 ± 3 at 3.85 Ga) lies at the lower end of the tight range for Group B2 basalts (87Sr/86Sr = 0.69920 to 0.69921). One known Group D basalt and a second postulated Group D basalt yield indistinguishable initial ∍Nd (1.2 ± 0.6 and 1.2 ± 0.3) and again lie at the lower end of the range for the Group B2 basalts from Apollo 11 (+2.0 ± 0.4 to +3.9 ± 0.6, at 3.85 Ga). A third sample has isotopic (87Sr/86Sr = 0.69932 ± 2; ∍Nd = 2.5 ± 0.4; at 3.59 Ga; as per Snyder et al., 1994b) and elemental characteristics similar to the Group A high-Ti basalts returned from the Apollo 11 landing site. Ages of 40Ar-39Ar have been determined for one known Group D basalt and a second postulated Group D basalt using step-heating with a continuous-wave laser. Suspected Group D basalt, 10002, 1006, yielded disturbed age spectra on two separate runs, which was probably due to 39Ar recoil effects. Using the “reduced plateau age” method of Turner et al. (1978), the ages derived from this sample were 3898 ± 19 and 3894 ± 19 Ma. Three separate runs of known Group D basalt 10002, 116 yielded 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages of 3798 ± 9 Ma, 3781 ± 8 Ma, and 3805 ± 7 Ma (all errors 2σ). Furthermore, this sample has apparently suffered significant 40Ar loss either due to solar heating or due to meteorite impact. The loss of a significant proportion of 40Ar at such a time means that the plateau ages underestimate the “true” crystallization age of the sample. Modelling of this Ar loss yields older, “true” ages of 3837 ± 18, 3826 ± 16, and 3836 ± 14 Ma. These ages overlap the ages of Group B2 high-Ti basalts (weighted average age = 3850 ± 20 Ma; range in ages = 3.80 to 3.90 Ga). The combined evidence indicates that the Group D and B2 high-Ti basalts could be coeval and may be genetically related, possibly through increasing degrees of melting of a similar source region in the upper mantle of the Moon that formed >4.2 Ga ago. The Group D basalts were melted from the source first and contained 3–5×more trapped KREEP-like liquid than the later (by possibly only a few million years) Group B2 basalts. Furthermore, the relatively LREE- and Rb-enriched nature of these early magmas may lend credence to the idea that the decay of heat-producing elements enriched in the KREEP-like trapped liquid of upper mantle cumulates, such as K, U, and Th, could have initiated widespread lunar volcanism.
Semiempirical formulas for single-particle energies of neutrons and protons

Abstract The stepwise multiple linear regression technique has been used to analyze the single-particle energies of neutrons and protons in nuclei along the line of beta stability. Their regular and systematic trends lead to semiempirical model-independent formulas for single-particle energies of neutrons and protons in the bound nuclei as functions of nuclear parameters A and Z for given states specified by nl j . These formulas are almost as convenient as the harmonic oscillator energy formulas to use. The single-particle energies computed from these formulas have been compared with the experimental data and are found in reasonable agreement.
Spectral frustration and spatial coherence in thermal near-field spectroscopy

Scattering scanning near-field microscopy recently provided spectroscopic access to the fundamentally distinct spatial, spectral, and coherence properties of the thermal near field. Using SiC as an example, we study its thermal surface phonon polariton (SPhP) response. In contrast to the strongly surface-confined thermal near field of localized vibrational modes, an extended exponential distance dependence is observed reflecting the spatial coherence of the SPhP thermal field. In addition, we observe pronounced spectral frustration with spectral shifts ranging from $\ensuremath{\sim}5$ to $\ensuremath{\sim}50$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ that cannot be explained by conventional tip-sample dipole coupling alone. We present an alternative model describing an effective medium change by the tip. The results highlight the possibility for local spectral and spatial tuning of the thermal SPhP resonance for control of the light-matter interaction using thermal near-field radiation.
Who Pays for Characterization?: The Final Dilemma for MESFET Modeling

A search for validated, accurate device models is often the first step microwave designers take when confronted with a new MMIC design task. Although many proven characterization, parameter extraction and modeling procedures have been published, the designer often finds that none are available for the device of interest and the present application. Despite the fact that acceptable performance predictions have been achieved through a variety of modeling methodologies, few organizations have instituted modeling efforts to develop and archive validated model libraries for the processes they use. This paper identifies cost as the key reason why validated modeling libraries are not more common. It further identifies measurement costs as the major portion of modeling expenses. Approximate quantification of these costs (in terms of man-hours of effort) is also presented.
Anxiety, Substance Use, and Their Co-Occurrence: Advances in Clinical Science

Research and clinical literatures are replete with examples that psychological disorders are related to drug use, abuse, and dependence. The preponderance of scientific work addressing relations among psychopathological processes and drug use, abuse, and dependence has been focused primarily on psychotic disorders, major depression, antisocial personality disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This corpus of empirical work has indicated that there are clinically meaningful relations among particular types of psychopathology and the onset and maintenance of substance use behaviors and disorders and, in turn, that substance use and use-related problems can impact vulnerability for psychopathology. Within this public health context, it is striking that despite the fact that anxiety disorders are one of the most common classes of psychological problems (Kessler et al., 2005), there has been limited programmatic study of the relations between anxiety vulnerability processes and substance use disorders.
Self-knowledge and Moore's paradox

L'A. etablit un lien de parente entre le paradoxe de Moore et le cogito de Descartes, en ce qui concerne non pas leurs conditions de verite, mais leurs conditions d'assertion. De meme que je ne peux pas affirmer Il pleut, mais je ne le pense pas, je ne peux affirmer Je pense que je ne pense pas. Il s'agit donc de savoir si le paradoxe de Moore peut etablir une certaine forme de connaissance de soi a propos de nos propres etats mentaux
Comparative Evaluation of Endodontic Irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of root canal irrigants against E. faecalis biofilms using a novel in vitro testing system. Biofilms grown in a flow cell system were submerged in test irrigants for either 1 or 5 minutes. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between test agent and percentage kill of the biofilm bacteria (P 99.99%), 1% NaOCl (99.78%), Smear Clear™ (78.06%), 2% chlorhexidine (60.49%), REDTA (26.99%), and BioPure™ MTAD™ (16.08%). Post-hoc analysis showed a significant difference between 1% and 6% NaOCl, and all other agents including Smear Clear™, 2% chlorhexidine, REDTA, and BioPure™ MTAD™ (P < 0.05). Within the parameters of this study, both 1% NaOCl and 6% NaOCl were more efficient in eliminating E. faecalis biofilm than the other solutions tested.