cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Novel model for basaloid triple-negative breast cancer: behavior in vivo and response to therapy.

Abstract Introduction: The basaloid triple-negative breast cancer (B-TNBC) is one of the most aggressive, therapy-resistant, and metastatic tumors. Current models do not recapitulate the basaloid phenotype of TNBC, thus limiting the understanding of its biology and designing new treatments. We identified HCC1806 as a line expressing typical B-TNBC markers, engineered a subline with traceable reporters, and determined growth, drug sensitivity, recurrence, and vascular and metastatic patterns of orthotopic xenografts in immunodeficient mice. Methods: mRNA and protein analyses showed that HCC1806 expresses basal but not luminal or mesenchymal markers. HCC1806-RR subline stably expressing red fluorescent protein and Renilla luciferase was generated and characterized for sensitivity to chemodrugs, orthotopic growth, vascular properties, recurrence, metastasis, and responsiveness in vivo . Results: The HCC1806 cells were highly sensitive to paclitaxel, but cytotoxicity was accompanied by pro-survival vascular endothelial growth factor-A loop. In vivo , HCC1806-RR tumors display linear growth, induce peritumoral lymphatics, and spontaneously metastasize to lymph nodes (LNs) and lungs. Similarly to human B-TNBC, HCC1806-RR tumors were initially sensitive to taxane therapy but subsequently recur. Bevacizumab significantly suppressed recurrence by 50% and reduced the incidence of LN and pulmonary metastases by, respectively, 50% and 87%. Conclusions The HCC1806-RR is a new model that expresses bona fide markers of B-TNBC and traceable markers for quantifying metastases. Combination of bevacizumab with nab-paclitaxel significantly improved the outcome, suggesting that this approach can apply to human patients with B-TNBC. This model can be used for defining the metastatic mechanisms of B-TNBC and testing new therapies.
From VO2 to V2O3: The metal-insulator transition of the Magnéli phase V6O11

The metal-insulator transition (MIT) of V6O11 is studied by means of electronic structure calculations using the augmented spherical wave method. The calculations are based on density functional theory and the local density approximation. Changes of the electronic structure at the MIT are discussed in relation to the structural transformations occurring simultaneously. The analysis is based on a unified point of view of the crystal structures of V6O11, VO2, and V2O3. This allows to group the electronic bands into states behaving similarly to the dioxide or the sesquioxide. While the sesquioxide-like V 3dyz states show rather weak changes on entering the low-temperature structure, some of the dioxide-like V 3dx2 − y2 states display splittings and shifts similar to those known from VO2. The MIT of V6O11 arises as a combination of changes appearing in both of these compounds. Our results shed new light onto the role of particular electronic states for the MIT of V2O3.
Digital design from concept to prototype in hours

In this paper, we present a behavior synthesis system, called MEBS, for digital system design and prototyping. MEBS takes a VHDL behavior description, synthesizes it into structure, and translates it into a format which is ready for FPGA or standard-cell implementation. A VHDL description of a circuit may be described as several communicating processes at various levels of abstraction including algorithmic level, finite state machine with datapath (FSMD) level, register transfer (RT) level, and logic gate level. The synthesis tasks include transformation, scheduling, allocation, RTL module synthesis, memory synthesis, sequential synthesis, and I/O interface generation. During the synthesis process, an intermediate result can be written out in VHDL format for simulation and read back for synthesis. We have used the system to prototype a set of benchmark examples. A digital design can be realized within hours using this system.
Multiple people and components: considerations for designing multi-user middleware

Despite some signs of success, there is still a long way to go in addressing the growing complexity-management gap in middleware systems. One issue that can create complexity for users is a mismatch between tasks in multi-person environments and the task flows in middleware management tools. We present an example scenario that illustrates the complexity of multi-user task flows. This is followed by a discussion of the implications for the design of IT middleware management tools.
Interaction of epidermal growth factor with initiators and complete carcinogens in the C3H10T1/2 cell culture System

Unlike 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-l3-acctate, epidermal growth factor (EGF) could not promote the appearance of type III foci from initiated C3H10T1/2 cells. At appropriate concentrations, EGF induced the formation of type II colonies in the absence of any initiator. At higher concentrations, EGF suppressed the induction of both type II and type III colonies elicited by methylcholanthrene.
Selectively amplified expression of an isoform of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase 56-kilodalton subunit in renal intercalated cells.

Abstract The intercalated cells of the kidney collecting duct are specialized for physiologically regulated proton transport. In these cells, a vacuolar H(+)-ATPase is expressed at enormous levels in a polarized distribution on the plasma membrane, enabling it to serve in transepithelial H+ transport. In contrast, in most eukaryotic cells, vacuolar H(+)-ATPases reside principally in intracellular compartments to effect vacuolar acidification. To investigate the basis for the selective amplification of the proton pump in intercalated cells, we isolated and sequenced cDNA clones for two isoforms of the approximately 56-kDa subunit of the H(+)-ATPase and examined their expression in various tissues. The predicted amino acid sequence of the isoforms was highly conserved in the internal region but diverged in the amino and carboxyl termini. mRNA hybridization to a cDNA probe for one isoform (the "kidney" isoform) was detected only in kidney cortex and medulla, whereas mRNA hybridization to the other isoform of the approximately 56-kDa subunit and to the H(+)-ATPase 31-kDa subunit was found in the kidney and other tissues. Immunocytochemistry of rat kidney with an antibody specific to the kidney isoform revealed intense staining only in the intercalated cells. Staining was absent from proximal tubule and thick ascending limb, where H(+)-ATPase was detected with a monoclonal antibody to the 31-kDa subunit of the H(+)-ATPase. This example of specific amplification of an isoform of one subunit of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase being limited to a specific cell type suggests that the selective expression of the kidney isoform of the approximately 56-kDa subunit may confer the capacity for amplification and other specialized functions of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase in the renal intercalated cell.
Nephrectomy in children for hypertension associated with unilateral renal parenchymal disease.

Abstract Seven children with unilateral renal parenchymal disease underwent nephrectomy for hypertension; 3 were cured, 2 were ameliorated, and 2 were unchanged. The literature is reviewed, and the diagnostic parameters are discussed. We conclude that nephrectomy remains a viable therapeutic alternative to medical management, but the outcome in any particular individual is unpredictable.
Initial–boundary value problems for a system of hyperbolic balance laws arising from chemotaxis

Abstract This paper is devoted to the analytical study of initial–boundary value problems for a system of hyperbolic balance laws derived from a repulsive chemotaxis model with logarithmic sensitivity. In the first part of the paper we show that, subject to the Dirichlet boundary conditions, classical solutions exist globally in time for large initial data. Asymptotically in time, the solutions are shown to converge to their boundary data at an exponential rate as time goes to infinity. Numerical simulations are supplied to corroborate the analytical results. The analytic approach developed herein can be utilized to handle a family of initial and initial–boundary value problems of the model and related models with similar mathematical structure. As a demonstration of the effectiveness of our approach, in the second part of the paper we show that, subject to the Neumann–Dirichlet boundary conditions, classical solutions exist and converge to constant equilibrium states for large initial data and for arbitrary values of the chemical diffusion coefficient. This improves a previous result obtained in [30] where the smallness of the chemical diffusion coefficient was required.
Continuum of care for the chronically mentally ill elderly.

The CMI elderly have been overlooked and underserved in our communities. The continuum of care that does exist includes seven major setting prototypes, which range from most to least restrictive Gaps in service are identified, and fiue areas needing further development are suggested.
Decreased cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of substance P in treatment-resistant depression and lack of alteration after acute adjunct vagus nerve stimulation therapy

Recent preclinical and clinical research has demonstrated that the neuropeptide substance P (SP) plays a role in the central nervous system (CNS) response to stress, and perhaps in the etiology of major depression and/or anxiety disorders. The nature of this role, however, is poorly understood. A limited body of evidence suggests that in medication-free depressed patients, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of SP may be elevated relative to healthy controls. Two studies have shown that antidepressant treatment does not significantly change CSF concentrations of SP. Using standard lumbar puncture techniques, baseline CSF samples were obtained from 19 medication-free healthy controls and 19 medicated patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Mean CSF SP concentration was significantly lower in TRD patients on psychotropic medications than in the group of healthy subjects. After 10-12 weeks of treatment with adjunct vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), CSF SP concentrations were not significantly changed. Low CSF SP may reflect a biological marker of the subtype of severe and chronic depression that is resistant to standard therapies.
Designing and implementing a community-driven development programme in Indonesia

The Kecamatan Development Programme (KDP) and the Urban Poverty Programme (UPP) in Indonesia have been described as outstanding practices of Community-Driven Development (CDD) (see www.worldbank.or...
Discrete three-stage population model: persistence and global stability results

A general three-stage discrete-time population model is studied. The inherent net reproductive number for this model is derived. Global stability of the origin is established provided that the inherent net reproductive number is less than one. If it is larger than one the existence of a unique positive fixed point is proved and the persistence of the system is established. Finally, for certain parameter ranges global stability of the positive fixed point is proved.
Research Motives of Faculty in Academic STEM: Measurement Invariance of the Research Motivation Scale

The authors examined the psychometric properties of the Research Motivation Scale (RMS) in a sample of faculty members (N = 337) in university science departments. It was hypothesized that the RMS ...
A-priori analysis and the finite element method for a class of degenerate elliptic equations

Consider the degenerate elliptic operator L δ := -∂ 2 x - δ 2 x 2 ∂ 2 y on Ω:= (0,1) × (0,l), for δ > 0,1 > 0. We prove well-posedness and regularity results for the degenerate elliptic equation L δ u = f in Ω, u|∂Ω = 0 using weighted Sobolev spaces K m a . In particular, by a proper choice of the parameters in the weighted Sobolev spaces K m a , we establish the existence and uniqueness of the solution. In addition, we show that there is no loss of K m a -regularity for the solution of the equation. We then provide an explicit construction of a sequence of finite dimensional subspaces V n for the finite element method, such that the optimal convergence rate is attained for the finite element solution u n ∈ V n , i.e., ∥u - u n ∥ H1(Ω) < Cdim(V n )-m 2 ∥f∥ Hm-1(Ω) with C independent of / and n.
Physical Aggression, Spreading of Rumors, and Social Prominence in Early Adolescence: Reciprocal Effects Supporting Gender Similarities?

There is a robust association between aggression and social prominence by early adolescence, yet findings regarding the direction of influence remain inconclusive in light of gender differences across various forms of aggressive behaviors. The current study examined whether physical aggression and spreading of rumors, as two gender-typed aggressive behaviors that differ in overt displays of power, promote and/or maintain socially prominent status for girls and boys during non-transitional grades in middle school. Peer nominations were used to assess physical aggression, spreading of rumors, and "cool" reputation (social prominence) during three time points between the spring of seventh grade and spring of eighth grade. Participants included 1,895 (54 % female) ethnically diverse youth: 47 % Latino, 22 % African-American, 11 % Asian, 10 % White and 10 % Other/Mixed ethnic background. Cross-lagged path analyses were conducted to test the directionality of the effects, and gender moderation was assessed by relying on multi-group analyses. The analyses revealed mainly reciprocal associations for each form of aggression, suggesting that boys, as well as girls, can both gain and maintain their status by spreading rumors about their peers, just as they do by physically fighting and pushing others in urban middle schools. The implications of the findings for interventions are discussed.
Comprehensive Genome-wide Protein-DNA Interactions Detected at Single Nucleotide Resolution

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-chip and ChIP-seq) assays identify where proteins bind throughout a genome. However, DNA contamination and DNA fragmentation heterogeneity produce false positives (erroneous calls) and imprecision in mapping. Consequently, stringent data filtering produces false negatives (missed calls). Here we describe ChIP-exo, where an exonuclease trims ChIP DNA to a precise distance from the crosslinking site. Bound locations are detectable as peak pairs by deep sequencing. Contaminating DNA is degraded or fails to form complementary peak pairs. With the single bp accuracy provided by ChIP-exo, we show an unprecedented view into genome-wide binding of the yeast transcription factors Reb1, Gal4, Phd1, Rap1, and human CTCF. Each of these factors was chosen to address potential limitations of ChIP-exo. We found that binding sites become unambiguous and reveal diverse tendencies governing in vivo DNA-binding specificity that include sequence variants, functionally distinct motifs, motif clustering, secondary interactions, and combinatorial modules within a compound motif.
Multiple courses of stereotactic re-irradiation in recurrent oligodendroglioma: a case report.

Introduction High grade gliomas are an insidious disease associated with an extremely poor prognosis. The role of re-irradiation for recurrent gliomas is unclear but several retrospective studies have indicated mild toxicity and modest outcomes with this regimen. With subsequent progression, it is unclear what options remain and more radiotherapy is rarely offered for fear of surpassing normal central nervous system tissue tolerance and causing significant side effects without significant benefit.
Bazi-ha-ye Nameyeshi: Iranian Women's Theatrical Plays

Iranian women's comic improvised traditional theatre is a rich and important, but little-known, source of performative and textual material that has been rarely documented or discussed by serious students of folklore and dance, either in Iran or in the West. I argue that this amateur theatrical form performed and created by women for other women is the single most important source representing the multivocality of traditional Iranian women of all classes. Both in content and performance, these theatrical plays or games are a unique form of expression that needs several analytic approaches to elucidate its meaning and place in women's lives as well as in the wider area of traditional Iranian performance practices.The term coined by S. A. ‘Enjavi-Shirazi, the Iranian folklorist and literary scholar, to describe the theatrical plays performed by and for women, bazi-ha-ye namayeshi, is probably best rendered in English as ‘theatrical’ or ‘dramatic’ plays. The bazi-ha (ha denotes the inanimate plural in Persian) are basically folk or traditional plays and games (bazi can mean either play or game, namayeshi translates as dramatic) that are primarily created and performed domestically by women throughout many parts of Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan.
Sensitization with Clozapine: Beyond the Dopamine Hypothesis

Clozapine elicits dose-dependent myoclonic jerks in partially restrained rats and induces paroxysmal electroencephalographic changes, myoclonus, and convulsive seizures in a small but significant percentage of patients. With the hypothesis that the central excitatory effects of clozapine may relate to the unique therapeutic activity of this agent, rats were administered repeated alternate day or weekly very low dose (1 mg/kg) injections of clozapine in an attempt to induce the central excitatory effect through sensitization or kindling. Although initial administrations of this dose elicited no motor response or other behavioral change, repeated administration of the same low dose on either the alternate-day or weekly schedule caused increasing numbers of myoclonic seizure-like jerks (MJs) reaching 75-110 MJs/hour by the sixth clozapine injection. Clozapine-sensitized animals exhibited a significantly different pattern of early gene expression in two subcortical sites compared with vehicle-treated controls. These findings may have importance for the treatment of psychosis.
Effects of Electrode Drift in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Abstract Background Conventional transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) methods involve application of weak electrical current through electrodes encased in saline-soaked sponges affixed to the head using elastic straps. In the absence of careful preparation, electrodes can drift from their original location over the course of a tDCS session. Objective The current paper investigates the influence of electrode drift on distribution of electric fields generated by conventional tDCS. Methods MRI-derived finite element models of electric fields produced by tDCS were used to investigate the influence of incremental drift in electrodes for two of the most common electrode montages used in the literature: M1/SO (motor to contralateral supraorbital) and F3/F4 (bilateral frontal). Based on these models, we extracted predicted current intensity from 20 representative structures in the brain. Results Results from separate RM-ANOVAs for M1/SO and F3/F4 montages demonstrated that 5% incremental drift in electrode position significantly changed the distribution of current delivered by tDCS to the human brain ( F ' s > 8.6, P ' s P ' s Conclusions Drift in electrode position during a session of tDCS produces significant alteration in the intensity of stimulation delivered to the brain. Elimination of this source of variability will facilitate replication and interpretation of tDCS findings. Furthermore, measurement and statistically accounting for drift may prove important for better characterizing the effects of tDCS on the human brain and behavior.
Structural requirements for cathepsin B and cathepsin H inhibition by kininogens

Domain 3 (D3) of human kininogens, the major cysteine proteinase inhibitors in plasma, has been shown to be the tightest binding inhibitory domain for cathepsins B and H. D3 was expressed in three fragments as its exon products as follows: exon 7 (Gly235-Gln292), exon 8 (Gln292-Gly328), and exon 9 (Gln329-Met357). Exon products 7, 8, and 9 alone as well as exon product 7 + 9 each exhibited an 1C50 value 5- to 30-fold higher (5-30 microM) than exon products 7 + 8 and 8 + 9 (0.9-1.3 microM) for cathepsins B and H, respectively. However, in turn, the exon products 7 + 8 and 8 + 9 seemed to be less potent inhibitors than the intact D3 (10, 200 nM) or HK (200, 500 nM) molecule. These results clearly indicate that an intact molecule of HK or its domain 3 as a whole is required for optimal inhibition of cathepsins B and H.
Distribution and role of heterotrimeric G proteins in the secretory pathway of polarized epithelial cells

The movement of newly synthesized proteins in the constitutive secretory pathway, from their site of synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface or to intracellular destinations, requires an orderly sequence of transport steps between membrane-bound compartments. Until recently, the trafficking and secretion of proteins through this pathway was thought to occur as a relatively automatic, unregulated series of events. Recent studies show that protein trafficking in the constitutive secretory pathway requires GTP hydrolysis by families of GTP-binding proteins (G proteins), which at multiple steps potentially provide regulation and specificity for protein trafficking. Many monomeric G proteins are known to be localized and functional on membrane compartments in the constitutive secretory pathway. Now, members of the heterotrimeric G protein family have also been localized on intracellular membranes and compartments such as the Golgi complex. We have studied the localization and targeting of G alpha subunits to distinct membrane domains in polarized epithelial cells. The distribution of different G alpha subunits on very specific membrane domains in cultured epithelial cells, and in epithelial cells of the kidney cortex, is highly suggestive of roles for these G proteins in intracellular trafficking pathways. One of these G protein subunits, G alpha(i-3), was localized on Golgi membranes. Studies on LLC-PK1 cells overexpressing G alpha(i-3) provided evidence for its functional role in regulating the transport of a constitutively secreted heparan sulfate proteoglycan through the Golgi complex. Inhibition or activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by pertussis toxin or by aluminium fluoride respectively, have provided further evidence for regulation of intracellular transport by pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins. Although the functions of Golgi-associated G proteins are not yet understood at the molecular level, heterotrimeric G proteins have been implicated in the binding of cytosolic coat proteins and vesicle formation on Golgi membranes. Future studies will elucidate how multiple G proteins, of both the heterotrimeric and monomeric families, are involved in the regulation of Golgi function and protein trafficking in the secretory pathway. subunits on very specific membrane domains in cultured epithelial
In-Situ Analysis of Valence Conversion in Transition Metal Oxides Using Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy

Transition metal oxides are a class of materials that are vitally important for developing new materials with functionality and smartness. The unique properties of these materials are related to the presence of elements with mixed valences. The measurement of cation valence states can be performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and other chemical techniques, but these techniques are suitable only for a large quantity of specimens and the measured results are an average over all of the surface layer or the entire volume. For today's research in the nanoera, it is important to determine the valence states from a region as small as a nanoparticle. In this Letter, we report the success of using electron energy-loss spectroscopy, attached to a transmission electron microscope, to measure the valence states in the Co−O and Mn−O systems at a spatial resolution of 20−70 nm. The reliability and sensitivity of the technique are demonstrated in reference to the composition curves and the electron diffraction...
Drinking Motives in the Prospective Prediction of Unique Alcohol-Related Consequences in College Students

Objective:Although college students experience a diverse range of alcohol consequences, most studies focus on global, rather than distinct, consequence types. One predictor of unique consequences—drinking motives—has been studied only cross-sectionally. We aimed to examine the prediction of unique alcohol consequence domains (social/interpersonal, academic/occupational, risky behavior, impaired control, poor self-care, diminished self-perception, blackout drinking, and physiological dependence) by coping and enhancement motives over the course of one year. We hypothesized that coping motives would directly predict and that enhancement motives would indirectly (through alcohol use) predict unique consequences.Method:Web surveys were administered to a sample of college students (n = 552, 62% female) at the beginning of the fall semester for 2 consecutive academic years. Structural equation modeling was used to test direct and indirect paths from motives to consequences.Results:The data supported hypothesize...
Patterns of care in carcinoma of the ovary.

Background. During an epidemiologic study of women with ovarian cancer, the type of incision, intraoperative evaluation of the extent of disease, frequency of mistaken diagnosis, and ovarian cancer occurring in women who had a prior hysterectomy were reviewed. Methods. The thoroughness of intraoperative evaluation of the extent of disease as well as the type of incision in 291 women with ovarian cancer was investigated. Within this group 41 women had undergone hysterectomy with retention of one or both ovaries before the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. An additional 43 women were discovered not to have primary carcinoma of the ovary
Time and Temperature-Plasticity Relations for Crude Rubber as Measured with the Goodrich Plastometer

Abstract KARRER (2) has presented the fundamental principles guiding the quantitative measurement of plasticity of materials, and has described a plastometer (1) whose design and operation incorporate these basic principles. The simple relationship between softness, permanent set, and plasticity, when the time interval of compression is kept short, was pointed out. This relationship makes it an easy matter to interpret the results obtained by the use of this instrument and to make intelligent comparisons of different materials, or of the effects of different kinds of treatment of the same material. The results recorded below, all of which refer to crude rubber, and which are typical of rather extensive data, illustrate the applicability of the plastometer to the requirements of the rubber industry, and their bearing on progress in rubber technology is indicated. The plasticities have not been expressed in absolute units, since relative values, based on the changes of dimensions of the sample during compre...
Silent aspiration prominent in children with dysphagia

Children with neurologically-based dysphagia are at high risk for silent aspiration. Aspiration can lead to complications such as acute pneumonia and chronic lung disease. Thorough evaluation of the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal phases of swallowing is crucial for patients with dysphagia. The videofluoroscopic modified barium swallow study (MBS) is the procedure of choice for children to delineate the pharyngeal and upper esophageal phases of the swallow that can only be inferred by bedside clinical assessment. This study describes attributes of aspiration and pharyngeal motility in a large sample of infants and children assessed with MBS. Aspiration was observed in 48 (26%) of 186 children, primarily on liquid before or during swallows. Aspiration was trace (less than 10% of a bolus) and silent in 94%. Relationships to clinical history and implications for management are discussed. Given the lack of objective clinical information to identify children at risk for aspiration, MBS should be considered in all children with severe dysphagia to rule out or confirm aspiration.
A class of exactly solvable potentials. I. One-dimensional Schrödinger equation☆

The one-dimensional Schrodinger equation is solved for a new class of potentials with varying depths and shapes. The energy eigenvalues are given in algebraic form as a function of the depth and shape of the potential. The eigenfunctions and scattering function are also given in closed form. For certain shapes these potentials resemble the mean field of an atomic nucleus.
E-beam Computer Generated Holograms For Aspheric Testing

This paper discusses recent progress in producing computer-generated holograms (CGH) of low spatial distoration and high space-bandwidth product. The CGH are drawn directly on electron-resist using an electron beam pattern generator which is intended for use in the production of integrated circuits with sub-micron feature sizes. This approach not only reduces plotting errors below those introduced by indirect writing methods, but also provides more than 106 distortion-free resolution points in a hologram of correct size. The quality of the CGH made by this process will be illustrated by an example in the testing of an aspheric surface.
Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Helicase Forms Oligomeric Structures That Exhibit Optimal DNA Unwinding Activity in Vitro

HCV NS3 helicase exhibits activity toward DNA and RNA substrates. The DNA helicase activity of NS3 has been proposed to be optimal when multiple NS3 molecules are bound to the same substrate molecule. NS3 catalyzes little or no measurable DNA unwinding under single cycle conditions in which the concentration of substrate exceeds the concentration of enzyme by 5-fold. However, when NS3 (100 nm) is equimolar with the substrate, a small burst amplitude of ∼8 nm is observed. The burst amplitude increases as the enzyme concentration increases, consistent with the idea that multiple molecules are needed for optimal unwinding. Protein-protein interactions may facilitate optimal activity, so the oligomeric properties of the enzyme were investigated. Chemical cross-linking indicates that full-length NS3 forms higher order oligomers much more readily than the NS3 helicase domain. Dynamic light scattering indicates that full-length NS3 exists as an oligomer, whereas NS3 helicase domain exists in a monomeric form in solution. Size exclusion chromatography also indicates that full-length NS3 behaves as an oligomer in solution, whereas the NS3 helicase domain behaves as a monomer. When NS3 was passed through a small pore filter capable of removing protein aggregates, greater than 95% of the protein and the DNA unwinding activity was removed from solution. In contrast, only ∼10% of NS3 helicase domain and ∼20% of the associated DNA unwinding activity was removed from solution after passage through the small pore filter. The results indicate that the optimally active form of full-length NS3 is part of an oligomeric species in vitro.
Zero assignment and loop transfer recovery in LQG design

The problem of loop transfer recovery (LTR) in linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) design via observers is discussed. The LTR for both minimum and nonminimum phase systems is considered. For minimum phase systems, perfect recovery approaches are provided based on Luenberger proportional observer and proportional integral observer. For nonminimum phase systems, recent LTR approaches are summarized and the possibility of a new technique based on zero assignment is examined. >
Recent advances in interpenetrating polymer networks

We review the synthesis, morphology, and physical and mechanical properties of IFNs as well as the related pseudo-IPNs, in which only one of the polymers is crossliriked. Recent studies have shown that the degree of phase separation achieved in these materials is strongly dependent on the compatibility of blends of the linear polymer constituents of the IPN components as well as the kinetics of chain extension and the presence of grafting between component polymers. We illustrate this by a series of IPNs consisting of a polyurethane and an acrylic copolymer. The acrylic is a typical automotive enamel. An enhancement in properties results, which is dependent on the amount of grafting and the kinetics of polymerization. Also discussed are IPNs of a polyurethane and an epoxy, which exhibit a synergism in adhesive properties, and IPNs of a RIM polyurethane with several epoxies and unsaturated polyesters. In addition, also reported are the preliminary studies on the first successful preparation of a three-component IPN, consisting of a polyurethane, an epoxy, and an acrylic.
Magnesium oxide column chromatography: a novel and rapid method for steroid purification.

Abstract Two dozen inorganic crystals, resins and other substances were surveyed in an effort to find a rapid method for separation of a broad spectrum of steroid hormones, including representatives of the androgen, estrogen, progestagen, and glucocorticoid classes. Magnesium oxide (MgO) was found to yield the best recoveries and separations with a great saving in time and effort, since MgO microcolumns could be rapidly poured, in contrast with those of Celite, which require repeated pouring followed by packing, and those of Sephadex LH-20, which are generally large and slow running.
Social skills and social phobia: an investigation of DSM-IV subtypes.

Social phobia is characterized as pervasive social timidity in social settings. Although much is known about this disorder, aspects of its clinical presentation remain unexplored, in particular characteristics that distinguish the generalized and non-generalized subtypes. For example, it remains unclear whether patients with the non-generalized subtype display social skills deficits in social interactions, and if so, are these deficits clinically, as well as statistically, significant? In this study, adults with either the non-generalized (NGSP; n=60) or generalized (GSP; n=119) subtype of social phobia and adults with no psychological disorder (n=200) completed an extensive behavioral assessment of social skill and social anxiety. As expected, adults with NGSP and GSP reported equal distress and displayed similar rates of avoidance during an impromptu speech task when compared to adults with no disorder. In contrast, the three groups were distinctly different when interacting with another person in various social situations. Adults with NGSP displayed social skill deficits when compared to individuals with no disorder, but they had fewer deficits than the GSP subtype. However, the identified skill deficits were clinically as well as statistically significant only for the GSP subtype. The results are discussed in terms of the contribution of skill deficits to the conceptualization and treatment of social phobia.
Effects of nitrogen contamination on the operation of limited streamer tubes

Abstract The effects of nitrogen contamination on limited streamer tubes (LSTs) operated with a 25:75 argon-isobutane mixture were studied at sea level. Plateaus of three LSTs were measured with up to 15% nitrogen contamination. The knee voltages are found to decrease at a rate of ⋍ 35 V/1% of nitrogen whereas the breakaway voltages are found to decrease at a 2–3 times higher rate, resulting in narrower plateaus, at lower voltages.
EXPERIMENTAL HYPOTHYROIDISM: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CEREBELLAR CELL DIVISION AND ENZYMES INVOLVING NUCLEIC ACID METABOLISM DURING DEVELOPMENT

Perinatal hypothyroidism in the rat results in a delay in the developmental spectrum of cerebellar cell replication with a shift to a later age in the developmental spectrum of activity of thymidine kinase (TK), a salvage pathway enzyme active in replicative DNA synthesis. In the present experiments hypothyroidism was induced by administration of propylthiouracil (PTU) to the mother from the 18th day of gestation. We measured cerebellar activities of uridine kinase (UK), aspartate transcarbamylase (ATC), and thymidylate synthetase (TS). These enzymes are associated with the salvage of uridine, de novo synthesis of uridylate, and conversion of uridylate to thymidylate respectively, and their peak activities normally occur near the time of most rapid cerebellar DNA synthesis. Activities of ATC at age 3 days and TS at age 5 days were significantly decreased to 91.3% and 94% of control respectively, while activities were significantly elevated to 116% and 142% of control by day 15. UK activity was unaffected by hypothyroidism after 5 days of age. The shift to a later age in the developmental spectrum of ATC and TS supports the possibility that the de novo and interconversion pathways relate closely to replicative DNA synthesis, whereas the salvage pathway for uridine may relate more closely in brain to the synthesis of RNA and the sustaining of non-dividing cells.
Combined Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Diet on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Meta-Analysis

This study used the aggregate data meta-analytic approach to determine the combined effects of aerobic exercise and diet on lipids and lipoproteins in overweight and obese adults. Twelve studies representing 859 men and women (443 intervention, 416 control) were included. Using random-effects models, statistically significant, intervention minus control reductions were found for TC (−12.8 mg/dL, 95% CI, −19.9 to −5.7), TC : HDL-C (−0.5 mg/dL, 95% CI, −0.8 to −0.1), LDL-C (−6.8 mg/dL, 95% CI, −11.8 to −1.8), and TG (−13.1 mg/dL, 95% CI, −21.2 to −5.0) but not HDL-C (−0.4 mg/dL, 95% CI, −2.3 to 1.6). Results remained robust when adjusted for publication bias, deleting each study from the model once, and collapsing results for multiple groups from the same study into one effect size. These findings suggest that concurrent aerobic exercise and diet improve TC, LDL-C, TC : HDL-C, and TG, but not HDL-C, in overweight and obese adults.
Bounded and periodic solutions of differential equations in Banach space

Abstract We study the equation u′(t)=Au(t)+f(t), t 0 , (1) in a Banach space X with A the generator of an analytic (or a strongly continuous) semigroup S (·) and prove that if solutions of (1) are bounded and ultimate bounded with f T -periodic and S ( T ) compact, then (1) has a T -periodic solution. We also show that the existence of a proper Liapunov function implies the boundedness and ultimate boundedness of solutions of (1). These results extend earlier results in finite dimensional spaces. We then apply the results to a parabolic partial differential equation u t (t, x)= Σ |α|≤2m c α (x)D α u(t, x)+f(t, x). (2)
A t(4p-;20+) FAMILY

A child with multiple congenital anomalies was found to have a trisomy of the short arms of a number 4 chromosome. The patient was first seen at the age of 3 months and the following abnormal physical findings were present: deep set eyes and bilateral microphthalmia, micrognathia, posteriorly rotated ears with prominent helices and antihelices, hypoplastic male genitalia with a very small penis, severe flexion contracture of all the proximal interphalangeal joints and milder contractures of the hips and knee joints. Motor and mental retardation have been documented in the two year follow-up. Chromosome analysis utilizing the technique of Giemsa banding revealed that the patient's mother had a karyotype of 46,XX t(4P-;20p+) and was a balanced translocation carrier between a number 22 chromosome and the short arms of a number 4 chromosome. The patient had inherited the “translocation chromosome” - a composite of a number 22 and the short arms of a number 4 - from his mother. This resulted in an offspring effectively trisomic for the short arms of chromosome number 4 and exhibiting multiple congenital anomalies.
Reconstruction and analysis of 137Cs fallout deposition patterns in the Marshall Islands.

Estimates of 137 Cs deposition caused by fallout originating from nuclear weapons testing in the Marshall Islands have been estimated for several locations in the Marshall Islands. These retrospective estimates are based primarily on historical exposure rate and gummed film measurements. The methods used to reconstruct these deposition estimates are similar to those used in the National Cancer Institute study for reconstructing 131 I deposition from the Nevada Test Site. Reconstructed cumulative deposition estimates are validated against contemporary measurements of 137 Cs concentration in soil with account taken for estimated global fallout contributions. These validations show that the overall geometric bias in predicted-to-observed (P:O) ratios is 1.0 (indicating excellent agreement). The 5 th to 95 th percentile range of this distribution is 0.35-2.95. The P:O ratios for estimates using historical gummed film measurements tend to slightly overpredict more than estimates using exposure rate measurements. The deposition estimate methods, supported by the agreement between estimates and measurements, suggest that these methods can be used with confidence for other weapons testing fallout radionuclides.
Shoot Development in Established Callus Cultures of Cultivated Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill.)

Summary Four established callus lines of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill . and one of L. pimpinellifolium Mill ., ranging in age between 17 and 28 months, were grown on media containing various combinations of cytokinins (Z, BA, and 2ip) and IAA in an effort to induce shoot development. With all 3 cytokinins shoots formed only in one genotype, VFNT Cherry, and only after several months of regular transfers to fresh medium. When callus from plated suspension cultures derived from the 5 callus lines was grown on medium containing Z and IAA, shoots developed only from the VFNT Cherry callus. Four 4-month old callus lines of L. esculentum were also tested and VFNT Cherry was still the only genotype to produce shoots. The shoots produced by the 4-month old VFNT Cherry callus were normal in appearance and rooted readily. All shoots produced by the older cultures were morphologically abnormal and could not be induced to root.
Erotic Materials: A Commodity Theory Analysis of the Enhanced Desirability that May Accompany Their Unavailability

This report analyzes one dimension of the pornography-control issue, i.e., the probable reactions of individuals who are confronted with information that is not freely or easily available to all. After a review of commodity theory and related research, it is concluded that making erotic materials more difficult to obtain, harassing and punishing pornographers and purveyors of pornography, and restricting certain materials to certain age groups may increase interest in the materials and render them more desirable than would have been the case without the restriction, harassment, or difficulty.
The modification of short-term memory through instructions to forget

This study was designed to investigate whether Ss could reduce the proactive interference of a first verbal item (CCCC) if they were signalled just prior to the presentation of a second item that they could forget the first item. Recall of the second of two CCCC items inserted in a series of digits was better when Ss were told to “drop” the first item than when there was no such instruction, but it was not as good as recall when only one item was presented.
Photopigment and receptor properties in Drosophila compound eye and ocellar receptors.

A review of the spectral sensitivity and the rhodopsin and metarhodopsin characteristics in three compound eye receptor types (R1–6, R7, and R8) and ocellar receptors is presented (Fig. 1). Photopigment properties were determined from measures of conversion efficiency. The photopigments of R1–6 were studied using in vivo microspectrophotometry in the deep pseudopupil of white-eyed flies. These studies yielded a refined estimate of the R1–6 metarhodopsin spectrum (Fig. 2). The quantum efficiency relative to the spectral sensitivity estimate of the rhodopsin spectrum was factored out. The quantum efficiency of rhodopsin is about 1.75 times that of metarhodopsin. The peak absorbance of metarhodopsin was estimated to be about 2.6 times that of rhodopsin. The mechanism of the two-peaked R1–6 spectral sensitivity and metarhodopsin spectrum is discussed in terms of evidence that there is only one rhodopsin in R1–6 and that vitamin A deprivation preferentially lowers ultraviolet sensitivity. The prolonged depolarizing afterpotential is reviewed from the standpoint of the internal transmitter hypothesis of visual excitation. A careful comparison of the intensity-responsivity for photopigment conversion and its adaptional consequences is made (Fig. 3).
A-Morphous morphology

In A-Morphous Morphology, Stephen Anderson presents a theory of word structure which relates to a full generative grammar of language. He holds word structure to be the result of interacting principles from a number of grammatical areas, and thus not localized in a single morphological component. Dispensing with classical morphemes, the theory instead treats morphology as a matter of rule-governed relations, minimizing the non-phonological internal structure assigned to words and eliminating morphologically motivated boundary elements. Professor Anderson makes the further claim that the properties of individual lexical items are not visible to, or manipulated by, the rules of the syntax, and assimilates to morphology special clitic phenomena. A-Morphous Morphology maintains significant distinctions between inflection, derivation, and compounding, in terms of their place ina grammar. It also contains discussion of the implications of this new A-Morphous position analysis of word structure.
Radiative Corrections to Elastic and Inelastic ep and up Scattering

We have investigated and improved the reliability of many formulas used in the radiative corrections to elastic and inelastic electron scatterings when only the scattered electrons are detected. The radiative corrections to muon scattering are also investigated. A practical and reliable recipe for unfolding the entire inelastic spectra, including effects due to virtual photons, internal and external bremsstrahlungs, is given. Examples of actually unfolding the inelastic electron spectra are given using the experimental data obtained by the electron-scattering group at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center.
The reflective practitioner: the role of a public liberal-arts university in saving liberal education

Purpose – This paper seeks to discuss the role of a public liberal-arts university in education. Design/methodology/approach – The author first defines the principles and definitions of liberal education, then analyses these ideas in relation to public liberal-arts universities. Findings – Liberal education holds enduring value in a world where state support for higher education is steadily decreasing and the author concludes that society needs public liberal-arts universities in order to maintain freedom of thought and democracies. Originality/value – This piece presents a view of public liberal-arts universities in the wider context of liberal education, recession and worldwide threats to democracy and personal freedoms.
Association of urolithiasis with systemic conditions among pediatric patients at children's hospitals.

Purpose: Urolithiasis is associated with systemic medical conditions in adults but associations have not been well studied in children. We investigated the association of urolithiasis with diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity among children with and without urolithiasis.Materials and Methods: We performed a matched case-control study using the PHIS (Pediatric Health Information System) database. ICD-9 codes identified urolithiasis cases from 2004 to 2009. Four randomly selected controls were matched by age, hospital, patient care setting and year of treatment. Diagnoses from all hospital encounters were ascertained for comorbid conditions. Univariate and multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to assess the associations of urolithiasis with diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity.Results: We identified 9,843 urolithiasis cases and 39,047 controls. On univariate analysis stone formers had significantly higher odds of obesity (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.27–1.64) and hypertension (OR 2.12, 9...