cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Firm real-time system scheduling based on a novel QoS constraint

Many real-time systems have firm real-time requirements which allow occasional deadline violations but discard tasks that are not finished by their deadlines. To measure the goodness of such a system, a quality of service (QoS) metric is needed. Examples of often used QoS metrics for firm real-time systems are average deadline miss rates and (m,k)-firm constraint. However, for certain applications, these metrics may not be adequate measures of system performance. This paper introduces a novel QoS constraint for networked feedback control systems. We show that this constraint can be directly related to the control system's performance. We then present three different scheduling approaches with respect to this QoS constraint. Experimental results are provided to compare these approaches.
The impact of national ISDN on commercial and tactical communications

The objectives of a national integrated services digital network (NISDN) are shared by both government and industry. Industry has adopted a set of specifications developed by Bellcore, known as NISDN-1 to allow ISDN services and features to operate transparently among switches of different models or manufacturers. ISDN provides multiple services such as voice, data, video, and graphics, on demand, on the existing telephone wiring we use today. With the recent launch of NISDN-1, the local exchange networks collectively have 22 NISDN-1 switches in the United States and Canada equipped with Common Channel Signaling System 7 (CCSS7) and 64 kb/s clear channel capability. Each switch is connected to at least one interexchange carrier network for voice and circuit switched data, and at least one interexchange carrier for packet data. Tactical users must have an information system that is flexible, mobile, secure and often rugged. It must provide timely, accurate information. NISDN is currently addressing these requirements in the commercial market place. As the industry direction of NISDN develops, it should be recognized that the public switched telephone network (PSTN) is evolving from a circuit switched fixed bandwidth toward a packet switched network with flexible bandwidth. As its various network components (including NISDN) transition to an end-to-end digital network, users and service providers will be increasingly able to access, develop, and offer new types of services and applications that will benefit both commercial and government communications. >
The discrete cones method for two-dimensional neutron transport calculations

Abstract A novel method, the discrete cones method (DCN), is proposed as an alternative to the discrete ordinates method (SN) for solutions of the two-dimensional neutron transport equation. The new method utilizes a new concept, discrete cones, which are made by participating a unit spherical surface that the direction vector of particles covers. In this method particles in a cone are simultaneously traced instead of those in discrete directions so that an anomaly of the SN method, the ray effects, can be eliminated. The DCN method has been formulated for X-Y geometry and a program has been created by modifying the standard SN program TWOTRAN-II. Our sample calculations demonstrate a strong mitigation of the ray effects without a computing cost penalty.
Extracting and Quantifying a Polyester Fiber Finish Using On-line SFE/FT-IR with Intermediate Trapping:

On-line supercritical fluid extraction / Fourier transform infrared spectrometry was applied to a complex polyester fiber finishing system consisting of seven components. Off-line extractions of th...
Facile Route to an All‐Organic, Triply Threaded, Interlocked Structure by Templated Dynamic Clipping

Encaged! Three-terminal interlocked molecular species were obtained by dynamic (2+3) assembly of a cagelike macro-bicycle around a trifurcated trispyridinium π guest. The complex is stabilized by π-π interactions and multiple [C-H⋅⋅⋅O] and [C-H⋅⋅⋅N] interactions. Uncomplexed guest molecules cocrystallize alongside the threaded complexes in the solid state, thus giving extended π-stacked columns.
Biogenesis of endogenous plasma membrane proteins in epithelial cells

The plasma membrane (PM) is a complex and dynamic macromolecular assembly. Its complexity is particularly evident in polarized epithelial cells, where specialized domains exist to carry out diverse functions within one continuous and fluid lipid bilayer (57), The basolateral domain of epithelial cells faces the internal milieu and is functionally analogous to the PM of nonepithelial cells. It is also specialized for adhesion to the basal lamina and to other cells. The apical domain of epithelial cells faces the external medium and is considered the differentiated surface, since it displays the specialized structures and carries out the specialized functions that largely define each epithelium. Integral glycoproteins constitute a particularly interesting class of mem­ brane molecules in epithelial cells. They mediate a number of dynamic processes occurring at the PM and have been detected in both surface domains of epithelial cells (e.g. 36, 57), Most are transmembrane (e,g. 36), which means that unique sequences arc available at both the external and cytoplas­ mic faces of the bilayer for interaction with each environment. Furthermore, the presence of N-linked oligosaccharides on the external segments of these proteins places constraints on the intracellular pathways that they must
Methylphenidate prevents high-fat diet (HFD)-induced learning/memory impairment in juvenile mice

The prevalence of childhood obesity has risen dramatically and coincident with this upsurge is a growth in adverse childhood psychological conditions including impulsivity, depression, anxiety and attention deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD). Due to confounds that exist when determining causality of childhood behavioral perturbations, controversy remains as to whether overnutrition and/or childhood obesity is important. Therefore, we examined juvenile mice to determine if biobehaviors were impacted by a short-term feeding (1-3wks) of a high-fat diet (HFD). After 1wk of a HFD feeding, mouse burrowing and spontaneous wheel running were increased while mouse exploration of the open quadrants of a zero maze, perfect alternations in a Y-maze and recognition of a novel object were impaired. Examination of mouse cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus for dopamine and its metabolites demonstrated increased homovanillic acid (HVA) concentrations in the hippocampus and cortex that were associated with decreased cortical BDNF gene expression. In contrast, pro-inflammatory cytokine gene transcripts and serum IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 were unaffected by the short-term HFD feeding. Administration to mice of the psychostimulant methylphenidate prevented HFD-dependent impairment of learning/memory. HFD learning/memory impairment was not inhibited by the anti-depressants desipramine or reboxetine nor was it blocked in IDO or IL-1R1 knockout mice. In sum, a HFD rapidly impacts dopamine metabolism in the brain appearing to trigger anxiety-like behaviors and learning/memory impairments prior to the onset of weight gain and/or pre-diabetes. Thus, overnutrition due to fats may be central to childhood psychological perturbations such as anxiety and ADHD.
The case for dynamic real-time task timing in modern real-time systems

Summary form only given. Traditional real-time systems require a priori knowledge of process period and worst-case execution times in order to guarantee application and system performance. Traditional static worst-case execution time analysis has been developed to support this requirement. However, real-time systems have grown beyond static applications developed for unchanging and well-documented hardware and software architectures. They now include (perhaps predominately) a large variety of highly dynamic applications, written by a large number of developers inexperienced with traditional real-time design, and executed on widely varying hardware and software platforms in competition with greedy best-effort applications with unknown processing characteristics. In such an environment, static timing analysis or specification is useless. This sea change in application and system characteristics requires a corresponding change in the tools and techniques used to characterize the application requirements and to meet those requirements. In many instances, dynamic analysis is the only possibly solution.
Simulation of a Multicast ATM Switch for High-Speed Networks

In this paper, a new multicast switch structure (called CCRMS) is proposed that can achieve high throughput at low hardware cost. Instead of using two separate parts, copying and routing networks, the CCRMS uses a combined network, called the copying-routing network (CRN). Additionally, a cell management algorithm is developed for the proposed multicast switch. This cell scheduling algorithm allows cells to be duplicated and routed in the CCRMS without suffering any blocking. The proposed switch hardware architecture will be more economical to fabricate than other multicast switches since both copying and routing functions are performed using a single network, yet its throughput is not sacrificed. With this proposed switch architecture executing the proposed efficient cell management algorithm, a high throughput, non-blocking, and low cost multicast switch can be built.
A Novel Exogenous Retrovirus Isolated from Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) with Malignant Neoplasias in a United States Zoo

Koalas in US zoos were screened for koala retroviruses in an effort to determine the viral mechanism for koala retrovirus induced malignant neoplasias. Although the previously characterized koala retrovirus (KoRV-A) was present in all US koalas, some koalas were also infected by a novel koala retrovirus, termed KoRV-B. The genome of KoRV-B is highly related to KoRV-A; however, certain regions within the viral genome, including the envelope gene, displayed diversity. These differences are sufficient to allow KoRV-B to employ a receptor (a thiamine transporter) that differs from that used by KoRV-A (a phosphate transporter). Of great interest was the strong correlation between the presence of KoRV-B and malignant disease (lymphomas) in koalas. All koalas that died from lymphoma were KoRV-B positive as were the dead joeys ejected from the pouch of KoRV-B positive dams. We found no evidence of KoRV-B transmission from sires to offspring but did from dam to offspring through de novo infection, rather than via genetic inheritance like KoRV-A. Detection of KoRV-B in native Australian koalas should provide a history, and a mode for remediation, of leukemia/lymphoma currently endemic in this population.
A Broadband Linearized Coherent Analog Fiber-Optic Link Employing Dual Parallel Mach–Zehnder Modulators

A composite optical transmitter based on dual parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators is proposed to linearize double-sideband suppressed-carrier coherent analog fiber-optic links. The optimization condition for achieving the best spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is discussed, with a simple and exact expression for the maximized SFDR being derived. Unlike other existing linearization schemes, the proposed technique has the advantages of broadband operation and shot-noise-limited signal-to-noise ratio at the same time. For a lossless link employing a transmitter laser with moderate optical power of 100 mW, a broadband SFDR as high as 144 dB middot Hz4/5 is theoretically predicted.
IMVAMUNE: modified vaccinia Ankara strain as an attenuated smallpox vaccine.

Smallpox vaccines based on replicating vaccinia virus are known to elicit rare yet serious adverse events, particularly in human populations with immune deficiency, atopic dermatitis and at the extremes of age. A vaccine that induces protective immune responses equivalent to first-generation smallpox vaccines while reducing the risk for severe adverse events is critical for a national stockpile of smallpox vaccines. Modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) has been proposed as an immediate solution for vaccination of high-risk individuals. Bavarian Nordic’s vaccine MVA-BN® (IMVAMUNE®) is a MVA strain that is replication incompetent in mammalian cell lines. IMVAMUNE has been administered to more than 1900 human subjects to date, including high-risk populations (e.g., people diagnosed with atopic dermatitis or infected with HIV) in which standard replicating vaccines are contraindicated. We review the Phase I clinical trial safety profile and immune responses and compare them with other smallpox vaccines, including A...
Macbeth's Banquo: Faux Ami as Christian Friend

One sign of Banquo's nature and authorial intent regarding Macbeth is what we might call Banquo's grammar. In grammar, a faux ami is a word in a foreign language that looks like a word in one's own, but means something quite different. Banquo is the ghost of such a word. In Latin, he would be declined banquo, banques, banquet; but the word does not exist in Latin. So 'Banquo' is the ghost of a faux ami; his being and ghost a double edged grammatical pun. His appearance and action at Macbeth's banquets (where Macbeth performs 'non banquo') exhibit that he is, moreover, the truest friend. In beginning his 1947 lecture on Macbeth, W.H. Auden said, 'Macbeth is the best known of Shakespeare's plays. It is difficult to say anything new or revealing about it'.1 If it were possible to mean something by saying that is even more true now, it is even more true now. Perusal of Macbeth: An Annotated Bibliography, for example, will find under 'Banquo' a list that covers every possible interpretation of that character from Christ figure and Christian hero through a chorus, a consistent character, a foil to Macbeth, a moral norm, and an embodiment of Macbeth's conscience—even though his ghost is considered a hallucination (and then again not)—to affected by the Weird Sisters, an ambiguous character, an ambitious man, guilty in some way—ranging here from tempted to evil thoughts to a collaborator, and, finally, ignoble." Well, he has not been considered an incarnation of the devil; perhaps that is a sort of negative sign. Another, somewhat more positive, sign of Banquo's nature and authorial direction regarding the play's performance and interpretation is what we might call Banquo's grammar. In grammar, a word is called a faux ami when it is a word in a foreign language that looks like a word in one's own, but means something quite different. So, for example, in Danish the word 'gift' looks like a common English word, and I recall seeing it at the bottom of many small signs identifying the plants in Copenhagen's Botanical Literature & Theology © The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press 2009; all rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: joumals.permissions@oxfordjoumals.org I This content downloaded from 64.150.4.2 on Wed, 13 Jan 2016 16:20:57 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
A general method for statistical performance evaluation

In the paper, we propose a general method for statistical performance evaluation. The method incorporates various statistical metrics and automatically selects an appropriate statistical metric according to the problem parameters. Empirically, we compare the performance of five representative statistical metrics under different conditions through simulation. They are expected loss, Friedman statistic, interval-based selection, probability of win, and probably approximately correct. In the experiments, expected loss is the best for small means, like 1 or 2, and probably approximately correct is the best for all the other cases. Also, we apply the general method to compare the performance of HITS-based algorithms that combine four relevance-scoring methods, VSM, Okapi, TLS, and CDR, using a set of broad topic queries. Among the four relevance-scoring methods, CDR is the best statistically when it is combined with a HITS-based algorithm.
Civic engagement or token participation? Perceived impact of the citizen review panel initiative

State child welfare systems in recent years have been increasingly compelled to include citizen stakeholders in public policy evaluation. A key mechanism for increased citizen involvement has been the development of citizen review panels (CRPs) in the area of child protective services. Citizen review panels are groups of citizen volunteers who are federally mandated through the CAPTA Amendments of 1996 to evaluate state child welfare agencies. Despite the age of the mandate, very few researchers have examined the impact of the initiative upon child welfare services. This article describes the process of and results from a statewide evaluative study of the federal citizen review panel (CRP) initiative to improve child protective services in a rural southern state. The study employed multiple methods to capture a variety of stakeholder views, including the use of panel member surveys and focus groups, content analysis of CRP annual reports and state responses, and semi-structured state stakeholder interviews. Results from these efforts were analyzed and synthesized to identify prevalent, convergent and divergent themes of state agency and panel perspectives. Findings from the study are discussed as well as recommendations for improvement in the functioning of the panels. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A simulation model to analyze the impact of distance and direction on golf scores

We develop a simulation model of the game of golf. The model accounts for realistic features of a golf course, including rough, sand, water, and trees, and includes many facets of golfer skill. The model is calibrated to extensive data for amateur and professional golfers. Using the calibrated simulation model we quantify the effect of increased tee shot distance and improved tee shot accuracy on golfer scores. Contrary to previous claims, we find that for long tee shots, directional accuracy has a greater impact on scores than distance.
Impact of Using Different Time-Averaged Inputs for Estimating Sensible Heat Flux of Riparian Vegetation Using Radiometric Surface Temperature

Abstract A riparian corridor along the Rio Grande dominated by the Eurasian tamarisk or salt cedar (Tamarix spp.) is being studied to determine water and energy exchange rates using eddy covariance instrumentation mounted on a 12-m tower. The potential of using remotely sensed data to extrapolate these local estimates of the heat fluxes to large sections of the Rio Grande basin is under investigation. In particular, remotely sensed (radiometric) surface temperature can be used to estimate partitioning of net radiation energy into sensible and latent heat fluxes from vegetated landscapes. An important issue that has not been addressed adequately in the application of radiometric surface temperature data is the effect of using different time-averaged quantities in heat transfer formulations. This study evaluates the impact on sensible heat flux estimation of using relatively short time-averaged (1 min) canopy temperatures measured from a fixed-head infrared radiometer with 1-, 10-, and 30-min time-averaged ...
NGOs and Production of Indigenous Knowledge Under the Condition of Postmodernity

Indigenous knowledge (IK), experienced in development, is a product of a set of institutions often external to where they are located. The results of the use of IK in sustainable development are another example of capitalism's capacity to configure development according to its own imperatives. Rather than being an instrument of sustainable development, IK has become a means through which the diversity of knowledge systems and the embedded cultures in which they exist are disciplined and managed according to capital's need to expand. The collaborative role played by the nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in this process is obscured by their use of the seductive language of empowerment of marginalized social groups. NGOs' interventions run counter to the interests of the people they claim to serve. The challenge to work towards an alternative institutional environment that could liberate the use of IK from being determined by the ideology and institutions of capitalism.
Health concerns and ethical considerations regarding international surrogacy

Since the advent of IVF, various arrangements for child bearing and rearing have developed. With the confluence of advanced medical technology, reproductive choice, and globalization, a market in international surrogacy has flourished. However, myriad health, social, and ethical concerns abound regarding the well-being of gestational carriers and children, the infringement of autonomy and free choice, and threats to human dignity. The present paper examines the scope, health risks, and ethical concerns of cross-border surrogacy, arguing that the risks may not exceed the benefits.
Progesterone Maintains Large Rat Granulosa Cell Viability Indirectly by Stimulating Small Granulosa Cells to Synthesize Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor

Ovarian follicles are composed of small and large granulosa cells (GCs). Since progesterone (P 4 ) inhibits large GCs from undergoing apoptosis, studies were designed to determine whether both sizes of GCs bind P 4 . These studies revealed that fluorescein isothiocyanate-BSA-P 4 bound only to the surface membranes of small GCs. This binding was steroid-specific and inhibited by an antibody directed against the ligand-binding domain of the nuclear P 4 receptor (PR). In addition, a cell-impermeable derivative of P 4 , BSA-conjugated P 4 , was as effective as P 4 in preventing apoptosis. Quantitative in situ hybridization studies showed that P 4 increased the relative amount of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mRNA expressed per cell as well as the percentage of small GCs that expressed bFGF. To determine whether the anti-apoptotic action of P 4 was mediated by bFGF, GCs were cultured in control medium supplemented with either P 4 , a neutralizing antibody to bFGF, or both P 4 and the bFGF antibody. The results from this study demonstrated that P 4 suppressed apoptosis and that this effect was attenuated in presence of the bFGF antibody. Basic FGF also prevented GC apoptosis, and its action was not influenced by either the PR antagonist (RU-486), an inhibitor of P 4 synthesis (aminoglutethimide), or a PR antibody. Finally, FGF receptors were detected on both small and large GCs. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that P 4 acts through a putative membrane receptor on small GCs to stimulate the synthesis of bFGF. Basic FGF then activates its receptors within large GCs, and this initiates a signal transduction pathway that maintains large GC viability.
Antiherpes Virus–Specific Treatment and Cognition in Schizophrenia: A Test-of-Concept Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial

Objective: To test our hypothesis that valacyclovir, an antiherpes virus–specific medication, added to antipsychotics (APs) would improve cognitive performance and psychopathology among schizophrenia subjects exposed to neurotropic herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV1). Methods: Using a double-blind placebo-controlled design, we randomized 24 HSV1-seropositive schizophrenia subjects to receive either valacyclovir (n 5 12) or placebo (n 5 12) for 18 weeks in addition to stable doses of APs. Valacyclovir dose was stabilized at 1.5 g twice daily orally. At each visit, subjects were evaluated for severity of psychopathology and side effects using standardized scales and a study-specific semistructured checklist. A computerized neurocognitive battery validated on both schizophrenia and healthy subjects was administered at baseline and follow-up. Intent-to-treat analysis, using linear regression models that included all randomized subjects, were used to examine differential changes in cognition and psychopathology scores over 18 weeks between valacyclovir and placebo, accounting for placebo response. Results: Valacyclovir group improved in verbal memory, working memory, and visual object learning compared with placebo group. The effect sizes (Cohen’sd) were 0.79 for working memory, 1.14 for immediate verbal memory, and 0.97 for the visual object learning. Psychotic symptom severity did not improve. Conclusions: Supplemental valacyclovir may alleviate impairments in cognitive domains that are often observed in schizophrenia but not psychotic symptoms in those exposed to HSV1. If replicated, this approach could provide a novel strategy to treat cognitive impairments in a subgroup of schizophrenia subjects who can be reliably identified using a blood test.
Hypotonicity activates transcription through ERK-dependent and -independent pathways in renal cells

Acute hypotonic shock (50% dilution of medium with sterile water, but not with isotonic NaCl) activated the extracellular signal response kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in ren...
Real-Time Aging Monitoring for IGBT Modules Using Case Temperature

Power electronic converters are one of the most fragile components in wind turbines. This paper proposes a two-dimensional (2-D) case temperature-based real-time aging monitoring method for insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules in power converters. By placing two thermal sensors for each switch at the interface between the baseplate of an IGBT module and the cold plate, the thermal parameters containing the aging information of the IGBT module can be obtained to monitor various major aging processes of the IGBT module in real time separately. The proposed method has a low cost and is easy to implement. Simulation and experimental results on a commercial IGBT module are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Dual-Energy Head CT Enables Accurate Distinction of Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage from Calcification in Emergency Department Patients

Purpose To evaluate the ability of dual-energy (DE) computed tomography (CT) to differentiate calcification from acute hemorrhage in the emergency department setting. Materials and Methods In this institutional review board-approved study, all unenhanced DE head CT examinations that were performed in the emergency department in November and December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Simulated 120-kVp single-energy CT images were derived from the DE CT acquisition via postprocessing. Patients with at least one focus of intraparenchymal hyperattenuation on single-energy CT images were included, and DE material decomposition postprocessing was performed. Each focal hyperattenuation was analyzed on the basis of the virtual noncalcium and calcium overlay images and classified as calcification or hemorrhage. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated for single-energy and DE CT by using a common reference standard established by relevant prior and follow-up imaging and clinical information. Results Sixty-two cases with 68 distinct intraparenchymal hyperattenuating lesions in which the reference standards were available were included in the study, of which 41 (60%) were confirmed as calcification and 27 (40%) were confirmed as hemorrhage. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of DE CT for the detection of hemorrhage were 96% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 81%, 100%), 100% (95% CI: 91%, 100%), and 99% (95% CI: 92%, 100%) and those of single-energy CT were 74% (95% CI: 54%, 89%), 95% (95% CI: 83%, 99%), and 87% (95% CI: 76%, 94%), respectively. Six of 68 (9%) lesions were classified as indeterminate and three (4%) were misinterpreted with single-energy CT alone and were correctly classified with DE CT. Conclusion DE CT by using material decomposition enables accurate differentiation between calcification and hemorrhage in patients presenting for emergency head imaging and can be especially useful in problem-solving complex cases that are difficult to determine based on conventional CT appearance alone. (©) RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Depressed Hypoxic and Hypercapnic Ventilatory Responses at Early Stage of Lethal Avian Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice

H5N1 virus infection results in ~60% mortality in patients primarily due to respiratory failure, but the underlying causes of mortality are unclear. The goal of this study is to reveal respiratory disorders occurring at the early stage of infection that may be responsible for subsequent respiratory failure and death. BALB/c mice were intranasally infected with one of two H5N1 virus strains: HK483 (lethal) or HK486 (non-lethal) virus. Pulmonary ventilation and the responses to hypoxia (HVR; 7% O2 for 3 min) and hypercapnia (HCVR; 7% CO2 for 5 min) were measured daily at 2 days prior and 1, 2, and 3 days postinfection (dpi) and compared to mortality typically by 8 dpi. At 1, 2, and 3 dpi, immunoreactivities (IR) of substance P (SP-IR) in the nodose ganglion or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH-IR) in the carotid body coupled with the nucleoprotein of influenza A (NP-IR) was examined in some mice, while arterial blood was collected in others. Our results showed that at 2 and 3 dpi: 1) both viral infections failed to alter body temperature and weight, V˙CO2, or induce viremia while producing similarly high lung viral titers; 2) HK483, but not HK486, virus induced tachypnea and depressed HVR and HCVR without changes in arterial blood pH and gases; and 3) only HK483 virus led to NP-IR in vagal SP-IR neurons, but not in the carotid body, and increased density of vagal SP-IR neurons. In addition, all HK483, rather than HK486, mice died at 6 to 8 dpi and the earlier death was correlated with more severe depression of HVR and HCVR. Our data suggest that tachypnea and depressed HVR/HCVR occur at the early stage of lethal H5N1 viral infection associated with viral replication and increased SP-IR density in vagal neurons, which may contribute to the respiratory failure and death.
Agentive Theory as Therapy: An Outcome Study

The present study evaluated the efficacy of a four-week seminar which emphasized the principles of Agentive Theory. This theory, compatible with theories of a phenomenological-existential perspective, was first developed by C. T. Warner. Agentive Theorists/Therapists emphasize that our negative emotions (depression, anger, etc.), are assertions or judgments we make and not feelings which happen to us, and thus call for control or expression. Forty-eight outpatients who sought help with personal/emotional problems from a department of behavioral medicine were assigned to either a Treatment or Waiting-list Control Group. Following a four-week treatment seminar, the Treatment Group made significantly greater improvement that the Waiting-list Control Group with respect to general mental health, somatization, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, psychoticism and anger reduction.
On a blunt-body problem in hypersonic flow theory

An inverse problem is posed to simulate the influence of the nose bluntness on the hypersonic inviscid steady flow field around a slender two-dimensional section. In this formulation, a bow shock is given in advance by an equation which involves two terms in the form of different powers of the distance. The leading term derives from a classical similar solution for the strong viscous/inviscid interaction regime, a correction to it models bluntness effects at large distances downstream. Matched asymptotic expansions are used to solve the problem within the hypersonic small-disturbance theory. In the outer region bounded by the shock, two sets of ordinary differential equations control the pressure, density, and velocity distributions. The second-order approximation admits of an explicit integral obtainable from a consideration of the finite drag exerted to the blunted nose of a section. The momentum conservation law also allows the prediction of a power of the exponent of the correction term. The asymptotic behavior of both firstand second-order approximations is established and employed for providing conditions for a solution in the inner region occupied by a high-entropy layer. Governing equations here are solved explicitly, determining a dependence of the body shape on the correction in the shock representation. A thorough analysis of the Newtonian approach reveals certain limitations inherent in this simplified treatment of steady hypersonic flows. (Author)
THE WEAKLY COMPACT APPROXIMATION OF THE PROJECTIVE TENSOR PRODUCT OF BANACH SPACES

We show that X ^ ›Y , the projective tensor product of Banach spaces X and Y , has the (bounded) compact approximation property if and only if both X and Y have the same property. We also show that X ^ ›Y has the weakly compact approximation property (W.A.P.) if both X and Y has the W.A.P. and either (i) every bounded linear operator from X (resp. from Y ) to Y ⁄ (resp. to X ⁄ ) is completely continuous, or (ii) one of X and Y has the Dunford-Pettis property. As a consequence, we show that if K is scattered and Y has the W.A.P., then C(K) ⁄^ ›Y has the W.A.P.
Success in the Artificial Insemination of Queen Bees at the Bee Culture Laboratory

Watson's method for the artificial insemination of queenbees has been used successfully at the Bee Culture Laboratory in 1927 and 1928.
Assessing macrophage phenotype during tissue repair.

Abstract Macrophages are thought to play important roles in tissue repair, from host defense to angiogenesis and new tissue formation. The role of macrophages in repair of different tissues is an active area of inquiry, particularly in settings of impaired healing. In this chapter, we describe methods for isolating monocyte/macrophage cell populations from damaged tissue and characterizing the phenotype of these cells. Cells are isolated from tissue by enzymatic digestion, and then monocyte/macrophage populations can be sorted by magnetic separation. The phenotype of these cells is assessed by real-time PCR, flow cytometry and ELISA. A complementary approach of assessing monocyte/macrophage phenotype by immunofluorescence staining of cryosections is also described. This combination of approaches to study the macrophage phenotypes expressed during tissue repair will lead to better understanding of the roles of macrophages in tissue repair and new therapeutic avenues for improving healing.
Barriers to cholesterol testing in a rural community.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that determine whether residents in a rural community have their cholesterol tested. METHODS A population-based survey was conducted in 1987 as part of a community-oriented primary care project that sought to define and address the causes of and burden caused by increased cardiovascular disease in an economically depressed agricultural region of New York. All of the residents living in two towns in the region who were over 16 years of age and who lived in their homes year-round were surveyed. Demographic information was obtained from the participants, as well as information about previous cholesterol testing and their cardiovascular-risk knowledge and behaviors. The serum cholesterol of each participant was measured. RESULTS Of the 557 households contacted, 508 (91%) households participated. A total of 1063 persons over 16 years of age were surveyed, and 973 (92%) were screened for cholesterol. Overall, 24% reported prior cholesterol testing. Logistic regression analysis identified several independent factors that were associated with a reduced likelihood of ever having had a cholesterol test. These factors included: (1) age under 45 years, (2) having less than 12 years of education, (3) having an income of less than $10,000, (4) not having health insurance, (5) not having visited a physician within the previous year, and (6) practicing three or more high-risk cardiovascular behaviors. The participants' cardiovascular knowledge made no independent contribution to having had their cholesterol levels tested. CONCLUSIONS Many of the factors that prevent cholesterol testing are socially determined. The results of this study suggest that financial and social barriers are two of the major obstacles to residents of rural communities having their cholesterol levels tested.
Superfund Status and Experience Toward Finding New Solutions to Old Problems

With more than thirty-two thousand potential hazardous waste sites listed on its Superfund inventory, and ten years since the passage of the first statute to address abandoned hazardous waste sites and contaminated soils, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed a program that has taken the U.S. hazardous waste cleanup from its infancy to maturity. In 1980, it was believed that a cleanup program would be short-term in nature with most sites remediated within five years. Today, under the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA), the program includes research, technology development, and other elements that are acknowledged as crucial for a long-term remediation effort. The cleanup program has matured toward a site completion phase in which construction activity at our Nation’s worst hazardous waste sites is at the forefront of our activities.
Die Entwicklung der Geschlechter

An einem Nachmittag im Spatsommer spielten zwei Kinder im Garten, wahrend ihre Mutter, die seit vielen Jahren gut befreundet waren, auf der Terrasse Tee tranken. Colin, funf Jahre alt, und Catherine, viereinhalb Jahre alt, hatten schon als Sauglinge zusammen gespielt. Sie teilten viele Interessen, aber sie unterschieden sich auch in mancherlei Hinsicht. Beispielsweise konnte Catherine Filme oder Fernsehsendungen, in denen es auch nur im Mindesten gewalttatig oder gruselig zuging, nicht ausstehen. Im Krabbelalter hatte sie noch nicht einmal die Sesamstrase anschauen wollen, weil sie sich vor Oskar, dem Griesgram, sehr furchtete. Wenn man sie bat, ihr Spiel zu unterbrechen, um sich fotografieren zu lassen, kam Catherine der Bitte gern nach und stellte sich eindrucksvoll in Pose. Colin hingegen liebte Action-Filme mit Verfolgungsjagden, Feuersbrunsten und Explosionen. Sein Spielzeuggewehr und sein Helm bezeugen, wie sehr ihn Waffen und das Militar faszinierten. Colin wollte sich zunachst nicht fotografieren lassen, und als er endlich doch einwilligte, posierte er in Angriffshaltung mit Gewehr.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Procedure for HE Powders on a LEO 438VP System

This method describes the characterization of HE powders by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). HE particles are dispersed onto an aluminum standard SEM specimen mount. Electron micrographs are collected at various magnifications (150 to 10,000 X) depending on HE particle size.
Candida albicans: Love-Hate Relationship with Its Human Host: Among fungi, C. albicans is the most common to cause human disease, but it also acts as a commensal, in harmony with its host

Among fungal species, Candida albicans is the one that most commonly causes human diseases, ranging from superficial to life-threatening systemic infections. As part of the commensal microbiota, C. albicans asymptomatically colonizes mucosal surfaces in healthy individuals. However, as an opportunistic microbe, any disruption in the host environment, including immune dysfunction, can lead C. albicans to proliferate and invade virtually any site of the human host.
Efficacy and Safety of Metreleptin Therapy in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Study.

OBJECTIVE To study the efficacy and safety of metreleptin therapy in patients with suboptimally controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS After a baseline period of 4 weeks, five female and three male patients with T1DM (mean age 33 years, BMI 23.8 kg/m2) received metreleptin (0.08 mg/kg/day in females and 0.04 mg/kg/day in males) subcutaneously twice daily for 20 weeks followed by an off-therapy period of 4 weeks. RESULTS Metreleptin therapy did not lower HbA1c significantly compared with the baseline value (mean difference −0.19% [−2.0 mmol/mol] and −0.04% [−0.5 mmol/mol] at 12 and 20 weeks, respectively). Mean body weight reduced significantly by 2.6 and 4.7 kg (P = 0.003) and daily insulin dose by 12.6% and 15.0% at week 12 and 20 (P = 0.006), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Metreleptin is safe but may not be efficacious in improving glycemic control in patients with T1DM, although it reduces body weight and daily insulin dose modestly.
How much more is better?: characterizing the effects of adding more IR systems to a combination

We present the results of some expansion experiments for solving the routing, data fusion problem using TREC5 systems. The experiments address the question "How much more is better?" when combining the results of multiple information retrieval systems using a linear combination (weighted sum) model. By investigating all 2-way, 3-way, 4-way and 10-way combinations of 10 IR systems on 10 queries, we show that: (1) one can expect potentially significant amounts of improvement in performance over the best system used in the combination if enough systems are used, (2) for this number of candidate systems, the point of diminishing returns is reached when around four systems are used in the combination, (3) queries generally have too few relevant documents, causing little correlation in performance between the training set and test set; thus making it difficult to get test set improvement even when multiple systems are used, and (4) if one knows the relative past performance of the candidate systems, then choosing them using a "best first" strategy leads to better combined performance with fewer systems.
Bioética de género en medicina: fundamentos y desafíos

La bioetica surgio hace pocos anos, lo que no ha favorecido los intentos por desarrollar una bioetica sensible al problema de genero. Lo que esta en juego es la posibilidad y urgencia de responder a tres problemas relacionados entre si: fundamentos y conceptos basicos de la identidad de genero; el estado de las contribuciones propuestas por la bioetica para delimitar dos niveles diferentes, pero interconectados, de los dilemas morales: el nivel femenino y el nivel masculino; y finalmente esbozar un enfoque general antropologicamente basado destinado a una bioetica sensible a los aspectos femeninos.
China: Sociocultural Aspects

This article discusses China's nonHan peoples briefly, but focuses primarily on ethnic Chinese or Han peoples who constitute the vast majority of China's population. Topics addressed are ethnicity and identity, scale and complexity, local communities, the local impact of imperial and state institutions, family and kinship, religion and ritual, and gender.
Transarterial Onyx Embolization of Bilateral Transverse-Sigmoid Dural Arteriovenous Malformation with Transvenous Balloon Assist-Initial U.S. Experience with Copernic RC Venous Remodeling Balloon.

Background Currently, the mainstay treatment of dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) involves endovascular approaches, especially for high-grade lesions. Transarterial embolization with preservation of venous sinuses has become the preferred approach due to the development of newer liquid embolic agents. For further precision during embolization, the use of temporary balloon occlusion to protect the patency of dural sinuses from the embolic agent's migration has been described. Methods A 64-year-old man presented with bilateral pulsatile tinnitus and visual decline. A diagnostic cerebral angiogram demonstrated a complex bilateral Borden type II and Cognard type IIB DAVF. Treatment was carried out endovascularly under general anesthesia in a staged fashion. In the first stage, the balloon was inflated during embolization to protect the right transverse sigmoid venous sinus system and torcula. In the second stage, the balloon was again inflated to protect the left transverse sigmoid venous sinus system and torcula during embolization. Complete obliteration of the left DAVF was achieved, and patency of the left transverse and sigmoid sinuses was preserved. Patency of the right transverse and sigmoid sinus was also conserved post procedure. Results The patient was treated successfully with transarterial Onyx embolization with transvenous balloon protection of the sinus. Conclusions This case is the first reported use of the Copernic RC balloon in the United States under the compassionate use guidelines of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The use of this balloon is becoming a useful treatment alternative in selected cases of DAVFs as it improves the safety and efficacy of transarterial embolization as evidenced in this case.
The Impact of Ethical Policy Reform and Moral Solutions for Solving the Problem

Migration accounts for one of the oldest phenomena in human history. Defined as the movement of people, migration has been happening at all times; sometimes in greater, sometimes in smaller waves, sometimes for economic reasons, other times because of persecution or war. All of these situations are unique and can and have been dealt with in different manners by migrants as well as sending and receiving countries. The current refugee crisis the EU is dealing with, as well as the immigration question in the US especially in terms of immigration through the southern borders, confronts the international community with the question of morality in immigration policy once again.
Lets Talk About Black Hole Singularities

Does the collision of black hole singularities imprint an observable quantum signature on the resulting gravitational wave signal?
Eigenvalues and Singular Values

So far, our physical applications of linear algebra have concentrated on statics: unchanging equilibrium configurations of mass–spring chains, circuits, and structures, all modeled by linear systems of algebraic equations. It is now time to set the universe in motion. In general, a (continuous) dynamical system refers to the (differential) equations governing the time-varying motion of a physical system, be it mechanical, electrical, chemical, fluid, thermodynamical, biological, financial, . . . . Our immediate goal is to solve the simplest class of continuous dynamical models, which are first order autonomous linear systems of ordinary differential equations.
Attributes of Crash Prevention Systems that Encourage Drivers to Leave Them Turned on

Crash prevention systems will only be effective if drivers keep the features turned on. Drivers were surveyed about keeping front crash prevention (FCP), lane departure prevention (LDP), or blind spot monitoring (BSM) systems on all the time following personal use of 5 production vehicles. The desire to keep FCP and LDP on all the time varied across vehicles. Overall, 94% of drivers agreed or strongly agreed they would leave BSM on, 79% reported they would leave FCP on, while 54% would leave LDP on. Drivers were more likely to agree to keeping FCP on that provided warnings they understood and warned infrequently. LDP systems judged to be more useful, less annoying, and that consistently detect lane markings significantly predicted whether drivers would leave them turned on. Designers of advanced driver assistance systems should focus on these attributes of FCP and LDP systems to encourage use.
Checkpoint controls in Schizosaccharomyces pombe: rad1.

'Checkpoint' controls ensure that the events of the cell cycle are completed in an orderly fashion. For example, such controls delay mitosis until DNA synthesis and repair of radiation-induced DNA damage are complete. The rad series of radiosensitive fission yeast mutants was examined to identify strains deficient for the DNA damage-responsive checkpoint control. Five were identified. A characterization of one (rad1-1) and the wild-type is presented. The rad1-1 mutant does not arrest after irradiation, is sensitive to killing by radiation and is not arrested by hydroxyurea, and thus is also deficient for the DNA synthesis-responsive checkpoint control. The radiosensitivity of the rad1-1 mutant was greatly reduced when irradiated and maintained for 6 h in a non-dividing (density inhibited) state, demonstrating that rad1-1 is repair proficient and radiosensitive only through failure to delay. The checkpoint controls for which rad1 is required appear to regulate G2-M progression through the activity of cdc2, here implicated in this role by the coincidence of the radiation transition point and the cdc2 execution point.