cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Table 4: [Conversation] Course redesign: Next time things will be different

*No special preparation required* Welcome to ITL and this table! Join your fellow Mason instructors to informally discuss this table's topic. At the table, you will find desk copies of related resources (digital versions are available below), and an experienced Mason colleague who has experience and strategies related to this topic. Not sure what to talk about? Here are some conversation starters: Share a little about yourselves: Department Years at Mason Courses you are teaching What excites you about teaching? What brought you to this table? What is working in your course now? What isn’t working? How do you know? What are you interested in trying next time? How is your class better than the internet, or how could it be? What are some small things that you could change before completely restructuring your course? What are your key learning goals vs. your key learning objectives for students? Have an example or resource to share? Submit through this link and we'll upload it after the conference: http://library.gmu.edu/publishing/submit Still have questions? Leave a post it note on the table sign at the end of the Share-a-thon or email your questions to stearns@gmu.edu ADDITIONAL RESOURCES : For more information about the Course Redesign Academy: https://stearnscenter.gmu.edu/professional-development/course-redesign-academy
O2 Prevalence of ankle sprain and instability among rural high school students

Study Design Cross-sectional. Objectives To quantify the prevalence of ankle sprain among a population of rural high school students. Background The healthcare burden of ankle sprains and their sequelae have been highlighted, largely due to the substantial volume of injuries observed. Although injury rates are frequently presented, a paucity of evidence exists describing the prevalence of ankle sprain and instability among high school-aged students. Methods and Measures A survey was distributed via electronic mail to students at a high school in northwestern North Carolina. Participating students provided demographic information and answered questions regarding their ankle injury history, and completed instruments including the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) with sport subscale, and Disablement in the Physically Active (DPA). Differences in FAAM, FAAM-sport, and DPA subscales were compared with Student’s t-tests between previously injured and uninjured subjects (α=0.05). Results 201 students completed the survey. 115 respondents (57.2%) indicated a history of ankle sprain (Males 56.3%; Females 58.3%). Of those indicating sprain history, 40 individuals (19.9%) reported a history of injury within the past year, while among those more than a year from injury, 59 respondents (78.6%) reported chronic ankle instability (IdFAI ≥11), and 16 respondents (21.3%) met criteria of ankle copers (IdFAI ≤10). Pearson’s chi-squared revealed no significant differences in frequency of injury across ages (χ 2 =0.18, p=0.27). No significant differences were observed between FAAM (t 147 =1.52, p=0.13), FAAM-sport (t 148 =0.19, p=0.85), or DPA (t 150 =0.62, p=0.54) between injured and uninjured respondents. Conclusion Prevalence of ankle sprain history in a rural high school population is consistent with injury rates observed among college students and the general population, despite age differences. The rates of chronic ankle instability in this population is notably higher than previously reported in literature, suggesting the potential importance of interventions among this population.
Characterization of optomechanical modes in multilayer stack of graphene sheets

Graphene, a two-dimensional (2D) crystalline material exhibits unique electronic, optical, and mechanical properties which makes it a promising candidate for optomechanical and optoelectronic devices. The giant plasmonic activity of graphene sheets enables low-dimensional confinement of light and enhanced light–matter interaction leading to significant enhancement of optical forces which may give rise to large mechanical deformations on account of ultralow mass density and flexibility of graphene. The multilayer stack and heterostructures of 2D materials provide access to a spectrum of guided modes which can be used to tailor the optical forces and mechanical states of graphene sheets. Here, we study the optical forces arising from the coupling of guided modes in layered structures of graphene sheets. We obtain the mechanical deformation states corresponding to each guided mode and demonstrate that the optical forces can be adjusted by changing the interlayer spacing as well as the chemical potential of graphene layers. Our results can be used for various designs of graphene-based optomechanical devices.
Public Interest Law

Public interest law is a branch of legal practice committed to representing traditionally unrepresented groups and interests. It is often advanced through test case litigation designed to not merely affect the outcome of a particular dispute, but to influence public policy. During the last third of the twentieth century there were significant shifts in public policy in the USA in critical areas such as race relations, environmental protection, and women's rights. In each of these shifts in public policy, public interest lawyers played an important role in tandem with citizen organizing and political action. Despite recent challenges, public interest law in the USA continues to thrive, affecting policy decisions, and providing a measure of balance in the legal system. The development of public interest law in other countries holds significant promise for fair processes and broader public participation in critical policy decisions ranging from environmental protection to the protection of racial minorities.
Capillary electrophoresis analysis of affinity to assess carboxylation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Abstract Surface oxidation improves the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in aqueous solutions and plays a key role in the development of biosensors, electrochemical detectors and polymer composites. Accurate characterization of the carbon nanotube surface is important because the development of these nano-based applications depends on the degree of functionalization, in particular the amount of carboxylation. Affinity capillary electrophoresis is used to characterize the oxidation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. A polytryptophan peptide that contains a single arginine residue (WRWWWW) serves as a receptor in affinity capillary electrophoresis to assess the degree of carboxylation. The formation of peptide-nanotube receptor-ligand complex was detected with a UV absorbance detector. Apparent dissociation constants (KD) are obtained by observing the migration shift of the WRWWWW peptide through background electrolyte at increasing concentrations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. A 20% relative standard deviation in method reproducibility and repeatability is determined with triplicate analysis within a single sample preparation and across multiple sample preparations for a commercially available carbon nanotube. Affinity capillary electrophoresis is applied to assess differences in degree of carboxylation across two manufacturers and to analyze acid treated carbon nanotubes. The results of these studies are compared to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and zeta potential. Affinity capillary electrophoresis comparisons of carbon nanotube samples prepared by varying acid treatment time from 30 min to 3 h yielded significant differences in degree of carboxylation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis was inconclusive due to potential acid contamination, while zeta potential showed no change based on surface charge. This work is significant to research involving carbon nanotube-based applications because it provides a new metric to rapidly characterize carbon nanotubes obtained from different vendors, or synthesized in laboratories using different procedures.
On a conjecture concerning Kloosterman polynomials

In this paper, we rephrase the conjecture on Kloosterman polynomials over finite fields given by Hollmann and Xiang in [9]. More precisely, an alternate form of the conjecture based on permutation polynomials is developed.
On Society's Crimes Against Itself

Because the effects of crimes committed by society against the individual impact on the individual's psychic life, psychoanalysis offers a unique means of reflecting the effects of these crimes to society. Furthermore, psychoanalysis is in the position to contribute to society's understanding of the causes as well as the effects of these crimes for both victims and perpetrators. This article introduces a view of some of the intrapsychic consequences of being a refugee, an exile, a victim of persecution and of political torture and is intended to serve as an introduction to the studies reported in this volume.
Assessing the Family Environment of Young Children

In the lead article of the first issue of the Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Brown (1980) vouched that “Developmental pediatrics is deeply concerned with practical methods of early identification, intervention and prediction of developmental problems, learning disabilities and adjustment modes” (p. 4). His clarion call to pediatricians to intensify their efforts with regard to expanding and using the existing knowledge of child development not only reflects the general direction in which child health care is going but also resonates with current social service and educational priorities for children.
Distribution of Chemical Residues among Fat, Skim, Curd, Whey, and Protein Fractions in Fortified, Pasteurized Milk.

The distribution of 12 environmental contaminants or metabolites with diverse polarities (2,2′,4,4′,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether; bisphenol A; estrone; glyphosate; β-hexabromocyclododecane; imidacloprid; 2,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl; 3′-methylsulfone 2,2′,4,5,5′-pentachlorobiphenyl; 1,2,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; 2-hydroxy-1,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; tetrabromobisphenol A; and triclocarban) among skim milk, fat, curd, whey, whey retentate, and whey permeate was characterized. Analysis of these compounds along with 15 drugs previously studied provided a robust linear model predicting the distribution between skim and fat and the chemical’s lipophilicity (log P, r2 = 0.71; log D, r2 = 0.79). Similarly, distribution between curd and whey was correlated with lipophilicity (log P, r2 = 0.63; log D, r2 = 0.73). Phenolic compounds had less predictable distribution patterns based on their lipophilicities. Within the whey fraction, chemicals with greater lipophilicity are associated with whey prote...
Epidural Labor Analgesia for a Patient with Neuromyelitis Optica: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a rare demyelinating disorder affecting the spinal cord and optic nerves. Like multiple sclerosis (MS), it predominantly affects women during childbearing years. The impact of neuraxial anesthesia on the course of NMO is uncertain. There are no large studies available to draw definitive conclusions regarding the safety of neuraxial anesthesia in this population. A review of the current literature suggests that neuraxial anesthesia is unlikely to exacerbate neurologic symptoms in pregnant patients with NMO. However, given the rarity of this disease entity among patients requesting epidural labor analgesia, we recommend taking a cautious approach.
Socioeconomic, Racial, and Ethnic Disparities in Postpartum Readmissions in Patients with Preeclampsia: a Multi-state Analysis, 2007-2014.

Childbirth is the most common reason for hospitalization for reproductive-aged women, with about 4 million annual deliveries nationally. Hypertension is the leading indication for postpartum readmission and therefore women with preeclampsia are at high risk for readmission. Social determinants of health are associated with increased readmission in postpartum patients; however, no study has specifically investigated readmissions in this higher risk group of patients. We sought to evaluate the effect of social determinants of health on postpartum readmissions in all postpartum patients and in a subgroup analysis of those with a diagnosis of preeclampsia. We conducted a retrospective (2007–2014) analysis of all singleton deliveries in Florida, California, New York, and Maryland from the State Inpatient Databases, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Primary outcomes were readmission at 30 days after delivery. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and multivariate regression analysis was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for readmissions. Subgroup analysis was performed on preeclampsia patients only. Statistical significance was evaluated at the < 0.05 alpha level. A total of 4,999,993 patients were included in our analysis. Among all postpartum patients and in subgroup analysis for preeclampsia patients only, readmission rates are higher for black patients, patients in the poorest quartile of median income, and patients with public insurance (Medicare or Medicaid). The present study has shown that socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities exist in postpartum readmissions. These findings additionally exist among the already highest-risk preeclamptic patients. Future research should further elucidate this relationship and develop amelioration strategies.
Amino and organic acid analysis: Essential tools in the diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are a large class of genetic disorders that result from defects in enzymes involved in energy production and metabolism of nutrients. For every metabolic pathway, there are defects that can occur and potentially result in an IEM. While some defects can go undetected in one's lifetime, some have moderate to severe clinical consequences. In the latter case, the biochemical defect leads to accumulation of metabolites and byproducts that are toxic or interfere with normal biological function. Disorders of amino acid metabolism, organic acid metabolism and the urea cycle comprise a large portion of IEMs. Two essential tools required for the diagnosis of these categories of disorders are amino acid and organic acid profiling. Most all clinical laboratories offering metabolic testing perform amino acid analysis, while organic acid profiling is restricted to more specialized pediatric hospitals and reference laboratories. In this chapter, we will provide an overview of various methodologies employed for amino acid and organic acid profiling as well as specific examples to demonstrate how these techniques are applied in clinical laboratories for the diagnosis of IEMs.
A New Species and New Combinations of Neotropical Cinnamomum

A new species of Cinnamomum Schaeff. from the Pacific coast of Ecuador is described and discussed. Cinnamomum latifolium van der Werff is distinctive for its broad triplinerved leaves with canaliculate petioles, densely pubescent young twigs, and 2-locular inner stamens. In addition, six species recently described in Aiouea Aubl. should, in this author's opinion, be placed within Cinnamomum. The new combinations C. ampullaceum (Lorea-Hern.) van der Werff, C. hirsutum (Lorea-Hern.) van der Werff, C. paratriplinerve (Lorea-Hern.) van der Werff, C. pseudoglaziovii (Lorea-Hern.) van der Werff, C. rubrinervium (Lorea-Hern.) van der Werff, and C. uninervium (Lorea-Hern.) van der Werff are accordingly published. The author citation of the recently transferred C. baitelloanum van der Werff & P. L. R. Moraes to Aiouea is rejected.
The paraleucobryoid Campylopus complex (Leucobryaceae) in South American páramos

The paraleucobryoid Campylopus complex consists of a small group of Andean species distinguished by a leaf cross section identical to that of Paraleucobryum. The complex differs from Paraleucobryum only in having cygneous rather than erect setae and capsule stomata absent rather than present. Here we treat four species, only two of which have previously been recognized in Campylopus. They are C. albidovirens Herzog, C. pittieri R.S.Williams, C. densifolius (Ther.) B.H.Allen & W.R.Buck, comb. nov. and C. ochyriorum B.H.Allen & W.R.Buck, sp. nov. A key is given to the four species; the two nomenclatural novelties are described in detail and illustrated.
Osteoporosis recovery in severe anorexia nervosa: a case report.

Osteoporosis represents a common and severe complication in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) that normally persists despite weight restoration and the resumption of regular menses. The condition may result in significant pain, injury, and disability. We report the only published case of a complete return to normal bone density following many years of severe osteoporosis in a severely malnourished patient with AN. We describe a patient with severe and enduring AN whose osteoporosis, with resultant fractures, was completely reversed. Available patient records, imaging, and laboratory data were evaluated. This case represents a common yet often improperly treated complication of AN. It demonstrates the potential important clinical role that targeted medicines coupled with a multifaceted supplementation and lifestyle interventions, may have for some very malnourished patients with AN. Medications, in the treatment of osteoporosis in patients with severe AN, may decrease fracture risk, enhance overall bone density, and contribute to an improved quality of life.
Pjp Breakthrough Rates in Pediatric Allo-HSCT Patients Receiving a 2 Days per Week Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (SMX/TMP) Prophylaxis Regimen

Introduction Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) is a serious complication for allo-HSCT recipients. Incidence has been reported up to 1 to 6% with a more recent report from CIBMTR data in allo-HSCT recipients of all ages demonstrating an incidence of 0.63% with prophylaxis. Current SMX/TMP prophylaxis guidelines do not specify the optimal days per week dosing regimen. Objectives To identify efficacy of 2.5mg/kg bid dosing two days per week and incidence of PJP pneumonia. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of all pediatric allo-HSCT patients ages 0 to 21 years from July 1, 2007 through June 30, 2019. SMX/TMP regimen was 2.5 mg/kg/dose bid at the start of conditioning through day -2 and then resumed Sat/Sun on day+28 (if engrafted) until 6 months off immunosuppression. Results We evaluated 118 cases of allo-HSCT in 114 patients. Two transplants received treatment dose SMX/TMP for other reasons and were excluded. Regimens included SMX/TMP prophylaxis (N=90), pentamidine (N=25), and atovaquone (N=1). There was one case of PJP pneumonia in a patient receiving SMX/TMP prophylaxis for an overall incidence of 0.86% and an incidence of 1.1% in the SMX/TMP prophylaxis group. The break-through case occurred day + 198 concurrently with Aspergillus pneumonia in a leukemia patient s/p cord blood transplant with GVHD and a history of BK, adenovirus, Candida, and multiple bacterial infections. This patient died on day +214 due to ARDS. Conclusion Current recommendations for PJP prophylaxis lack specific details regarding the optimal number of days per week. This pediatric specific analysis suggests that a SMX/TMP regimen of 2.5 mg/kg/dose bid at the start of conditioning through day -2 with a restart Sat/Sun on day+28 (if engrafted) until off immunosuppression for 6 months is efficacious relative to historical data. Unfortunately, patients with evidence of very severe T-cell dysfunction such as our breakthrough case may remain at risk despite a prophylactic regimen. Future collaborative multi-institutional studies should include specific details regarding dosing regimens.
Community-engaged rhetoric

Community-engaged rhetoric enables rhetoricians to discern the ways social issues appear in the nomos, or cultural disposition, of public discourse; to hear the diverse ways humans measure experien...
Looking Through the Wrong End of the Telescope: Internet Democracy vs. Public Access

Chapter 7 considers the question of whether social media on the internet constitute a public forum that is similar to or superior to that established for public access. Like other technologies, the rise of digital communications and the internet was accompanied by forms of technological optimism that promise that new digital technologies are inherently democratic. In the work of Stuart Brand and the pioneers of digital technologies, the personal computer enabled creative activity within a networked world of community that was inherent in a wired world. Originally conceived as something opposed to the corporate world, it became tied to the neoliberal orthodoxy. This linkage was not accidental. Although social theorists and media theorists have stressed the democratic potentials of the internet due to its decentralized pluralistic nature, which disperses central authority, the democratic potential of the internet has not been realized. It requires a democratic political culture for its realization. Largely this failure can be attributed to the private ownership of the major social media by large profit-seeking corporations which seek eyeballs and engage in large-scale data mining. The individual is not an autonomous entity but a has become colonized and marketized—though not totally. In the world of social media, winners take all and traditional media still predominate as sources of information. Although there are some important examples of internet activism, overall the internet does not promote activism more than traditional media, and the weak bonds of solidarity created through activism are not easily dissolved. Certainly, social media as private property does not provide the kind of public forum that PEG channels create. Social media publics are segmented, fragmented, and self-selecting, They have not developed into general public spheres.
Hydrophilic dyes as photosensitizers for photopolymerization of dental adhesives

Abstract Objectives This study explored hydrophilic dyes as photosensitizers for application in dental adhesives. The goal was to identify dyes that enhance the degree of conversion (DC) of the hydrophilic-rich phase without impairing polymerization of the hydrophobic-rich phase. Methods Properties that were investigated included the molar extinction coefficient at 480 nm, relative normalized photon absorption efficiency (PAE), rate of polymerization and degree of conversion (DC). The following hydrophilic dyes: Bromophenol blue sodium salt, Rosebengal sodium salt, Erythrosin B, New Fuchsin and Victoria blue B were identified as suitable photosensitizers. Results In this study it was observed that dyes such as Bromophenol blue sodium salt, New Fuchsin, Victoria blue B and Rosebengal sodium salt were suitable candidates for dental adhesive photopolymerization, leading to substantial degree of conversion to both the hydrophilic-rich phase and the hydrophobic-rich phase. Conclusions In addition to the ability of the photosensitizer to absorb light in the visible range and transition to an excited state as a result of the absorbed energy, other factors such as the efficiency of the photosensitizer/light curing unit (LCU) combination, stability/efficiency of the excited state of the photosensitizer and/or initiating reactive species play an important role in the photopolymerization of the dental adhesive.
First-principles nonequilibrium deterministic equation of motion of a Brownian particle and microscopic viscous drag.

We present a first-principles thermodynamic approach to provide an alternative to the Langevin equation by identifying the deterministic (no stochastic component) microforce ${\mathbf{F}}_{k,\text{BP}}$ acting on a nonequilibrium Brownian particle (BP) in its $k\mathrm{th}$ microstate ${\mathfrak{m}}_{k}$. (The prefix ``micro'' refers to microstate quantities and carry a suffix $k$.) The deterministic new equation is easier to solve using basic calculus. Being oblivious to the second law, ${\mathbf{F}}_{k,\text{BP}}$ does not always oppose motion but viscous dissipation emerges upon ensemble averaging. The equipartition theorem is always satisfied. We reproduce well-known results of the BP in equilibrium. We explain how the microforce is obtained directly from the mutual potential energy of interaction beween the BP and the medium after we average it over the medium so we only have to consider the particles in the BP. Our approach goes beyond the phenomenological and equilibrium approach of Langevin and unifies nonequilibrium viscous dissipation from mesoscopic to macroscopic scales and provides new insight into Brownian motion beyond Langevin's and Einstein's formulation.
Parent utilization of ImPACT intervention strategies is a mediator of proximal then distal social communication outcomes in younger siblings of children with ASD

Younger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders (HR-Sibs) are at elevated risk for social communication deficits and language delays. One way to mitigate this risk early, before these d...
Are HVCs Produced in Galactic Fountains

Three-dimensional simulations of the disk-halo interaction show the formation of a thick HI and HII gas disk with different scale heights. The thick HI disk prevents the disk gas from expanding freely upwards, unless some highly energetic event such as chimneys occurs, whereas the thick HII disk acts as a disk-halo interaction region from where the hot ionized gas flows freely into the halo. The upflowing gas reaches the maximum height at z ∼ 9.3 ± 1 kpc becoming thermally unstable due to radiative losses, and condenses into HI clouds. Because the major fraction of the gas is gravitationally bound to the Galaxy, the cold gas returns to the disk. The descending clouds will have at some height high velocities. In a period of 200 Myr of fountain evolution, some 10 percent of the total number of clouds are HVCs.
Check Fraud and the Variation of Section 4-401: Why Banks Should Not Be Able to Vary the UCC's Standard Risk Allocation Scheme

Uniform Commercial Code Article 4 governs both a bank’s duties in collecting checks for payment as well as its duties to its depositors. Section 4-401 provides that a bank can charge an item to a customer’s account only if it is properly payable. For an item to be properly payable, it must be authorized by the customer. This Note examines the 2010 case, Cincinnati Insurance Co. v. Wachovia Bank, in which the U.S. District Court for the District of Minnesota stated that a bank can vary section 4-401’s default rule by including negotiated provisions in the deposit agreement. After exploring the structure and history of Article 4, this Note argues that banks should not be able to vary section 4-401’s default rule, and proposes that courts take into account the history of Article 4 when analyzing which default rules banks can vary through deposit provisions.
Mises on Fractional Reserves: A Review of Huerta De Soto's Argument

The interpretation that Mises preferred banking with a 100% reserve requirement finds strong support in Huerta de Soto’s Money, Bank Credit, and Economic Cycles. This article seeks to review his arguments concluding that it is in fact more feasible to interpret that Mises preferred free banking with fractional reserves to the 100% reserve requirement.
Performance of three tropical hair sheep breeds

Abstract: The performance of three hair sheep breeds (Brazilian Somali, Morada Nova, and Santa Ines) was evaluated in the production environment of northeastern Brazil. Data from a total of 524 lambs sired by 21 rams and out of 190 ewes were analyzed. These data were collected from 1980 to 1983 at Sobral, Brazil from an experiment designed to compare performance of the three breeds. The traits included weights of lambs at birth, weaning, 8 mo, 10 mo, and yearling ages and ewe characters of weight at lambing (EWT), total lamb weight born (LWBI, total lamb weight weaned (Lm, and prolificacy rate (PR1. Differences (P < .011 among breeds were found for all characters. The Brazilian Somali, the smallest and slowest-gaining breed, was less sensitive to yearly variation than were the other breeds. The Santa Ines, the largest and fastest-gaining breed, was superior in LWB and LWW per ewe lambing. Averaged over the 4-yr period, the Morada Nova had the highest PR (1.821, and the Brazilian Somali and Santa Ines had similar PR (1.39 and 1.31, respectively). Environmental effects on PR due to yearly raidall quantity and distribution pattern influenced lamb growth up to weaning and ewe reproduction performance. Breed x year (P < .051 interaction effects on PR were largely attributable to the Somali breeds exhibiting higher PR than the Santa Ines and Morada Nova breeds during the relatively wet years of 1981 and 1982.
Divergent regulation of the human atrial natriuretic peptide gene by c-jun and c-fos.

Abstract Employing transient transfection analysis in neonatal rat cardiocytes, we have demonstrated that overexpression of c-jun results in a dose-dependent induction of the human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) gene promoter. Studies using a series of mutations in the hANP gene promoter identified a TRE-like, cis-acting regulatory sequence which conferred c-jun sensitivity. This same region was shown to interact with the c-jun/c-fos complex in an in vitro gel mobility shift assay. Selective mutation of this site suppressed basal activity of the hANP promoter and significantly reduced c-jun-dependent activation. Overexpression of c-fos had a biphasic effect on hANP gene promoter activity. At low levels, in concert with c-jun, it activated, while at higher levels it suppressed, transcription from the hANP gene promoter. This inhibition was both cell and promoter specific. hANP gene promoter sequences which mediate c-fos-dependent inhibition appear to be separable from those responsible for the induction. In addition, the protein domains on c-fos responsible for transcriptional activation and repression can be segregated topographically, with the inhibitory activity being localized to the carboxy-terminal domain. Thus, c-fos can activate or repress hANP gene expression through two separate functional domains that act on distinct regulatory elements in the hANP gene promoter. These data imply that the ANP gene may be a physiological target for c-fos- and c-jun-dependent activity in the heart and suggest a potential mechanism linking environmental stimuli to its expression.
α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors on GABAergic Interneurons Evoke Dendritic and Somatic Inhibition of Hippocampal Neurons

GABAergic interneurons in the hippocampus express high levels of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, but because of the diverse roles played by hippocampal interneurons, the impact of activation ...
Methodology for Developing Flood Rule Curves Conditioned on El Niño‐Southern Oscillation Classification1

Lee, Se-Yeun, Alan F. Hamlet, Carolyn J. Fitzgerald, and Stephen J. Burges, 2011. Methodology for Developing Flood Rule Curves Conditioned on El Nino-Southern Oscillation Classification. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(1):81-92. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00490.x Abstract: Regional climate varies on interannual and decadal time scales that in turn affect annual streamflows, flood risks, and reservoir storage deficits in mid-summer. However, these variable elements of the climate system are generally not included in water resources operating policies that attempt to preserve a balance between flood risk and other water resources system objectives. A methodology for incorporating El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) information in designing flood control curves is investigated. An optimization-simulation procedure is used to develop a set of ENSO-conditioned flood control rule curves that relate streamflow forecasts to flood control evacuation requirements. ENSO-conditioned simulated flood risk and storage deficits under current operating policy are used to calibrate a unique objective function for each ENSO classification. Using a case study for the Columbia River Basin, we demonstrate that ENSO-conditioned flood control curves constructed using the optimization-simulation procedure consistently reduce storage deficits at a number of interrelated projects without increasing flood risk. For the Columbia Basin, the overall improvements in reservoir operations are relatively modest, and (in isolation) might not motivate a restructuring of flood control operations. However, the technique is widely applicable to a wide range of water resources systems and/or different climate indices.
[Bis(4R,5S)‐4,5‐diphenyl‐1,3‐oxazolin‐2‐yl]methane and [Bis(4S,5R)‐4,5‐diphenyl‐1,3‐oxazolin‐2‐yl]methane

[157904-66-0] C31H26N2O2 (MW 458.55) InChI = 1S/C31H26N2O2/c1-5-13-22(14-6-1)28-30(24-17-9-3-10-18-24)34-26(32-28)21-27-33-29(23-15-7-2-8-16-23)31(35-27)25-19-11-4-12-20-25/h1-20,28-31H,21H2/t28-,29-,30+,31+/m1/s1 InChIKey = BVEHHQYXICTXGR-VKONIRKNSA-N [139021-82-8] C31H26N2O2 (MW 458.55) InChI = 1S/C31H26N2O2/c1-5-13-22(14-6-1)28-30(24-17-9-3-10-18-24)34-26(32-28)21-27-33-29(23-15-7-2-8-16-23)31(35-27)25-19-11-4-12-20-25/h1-20,28-31H,21H2/t28-,29-,30+,31+/m1/s1 InChIKey = BVEHHQYXICTXGR-VKONIRKNSA-N (asymmetric catalyst for copper-catalyzed cyclopropanation,1 direct asymmetric α-amination of 2-keto esters,2 aza-Henry reactions of nitronates,3 reduction of aromatic ketones4) Alternate Name: cis-DiPh-Box. Physical Data: (4S,5R)-1 mp 205–208 °C, [α]D24 + 160 (c 0.5, CHCl3). Solubility: soluble in CHCl3, CH2Cl2, CH3CN, Et2O, toluene, and THF. Form Supplied in: (4S,5R)-1 commercially available as a white, crystalline powder. Analysis of Reagent Purity: by NMR and specific rotation determination. Preparative Methods: both enantiomers are readily prepared in one step from diethyl malonate or malono-bis-imidate and the corresponding amino alcohols.1, 5 Purification: chromatograph on neutral alumina.5
Situational determinants in the perception of assertiveness: Gender-related influences

One hundred and sixty-five male and female subjects listened to empirically validated “typical male,” “typical female,” or “ambiguous” tape recorded voice role-play responses to either positive or negative assertion situations. Using the Rathus Assertiveness Scale and Bem Sex Role Inventory, results indicated that observers' perception of assertive responding was markedly influenced by gender-related situational factors. Female subjects rated actors as more “assertive,” “aggressive,” and “masculine” across conditions; all subjects perceived actors in negative scenes as more “assertive,” “aggressive,” and “masculine”; and feminine characteristics were attributed to actors in positive situations whereas masculine characteristics were attributed to negative situational responses. Moreover, ambiguous/typical voice characteristics significantly influenced ratings of assertiveness in positive situations.
Stress and Grief of a Perinatal Loss: Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Methods.

Based on family stress theory, this study examined the question of how parents grieve the loss of a baby through miscarriage or stillbirth. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative resea...
Prosody in Parkinson's Disease

Abstract Purpose: Prosodic abnormalities are commonly recognized to be present in the speech of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and hypokinetic dysarthria. Emerging evidence also suggests...
Bladder outlet obstruction nomogram for women with lower urinary tract symptomatology.

The aim of our study was to construct a bladder outlet obstruction nomogram for women with lower urinary tract symptoms. A urodynamic database of 600 consecutive women was reviewed. Bladder outlet obstruction, utilizing strict diagnostic criteria, was diagnosed in 50 (8.3%) patients. A comparison of patient characteristics, uroflowmetry, and detrusor pressure-uroflow studies was carried out between the obstructed patients (mean age, 64.4 +/- 17.6 years) and 50 age-matched unobstructed controls (mean age, 64.8 +/- 10.7 years). Maximum flow rates were significantly higher in free uroflow studies (free Qmax) than in pressure-flow studies (Qmax), in both obstructed (9.3 +/- 3.7 versus 5.7 +/- 3.6 mL/s, respectively. P = 2. 6 10(-6)) and unobstructed (25.6 +/- 11.2 versus 11.8 +/- 5.9 mL/s, respectively. P = 8.7 10(-12)) patients. Comparison of detrusor pressure at maximum flow (pdet.Qmax) and maximum detrusor pressure during voiding (pdet.max) values did not reveal significant differences, in both obstructed (39.3 +/- 18.4 versus 49.7 +/- 25.5 cm H(2)O, respectively) and unobstructed (16.5 +/- 8.4 versus 20.6 +/- 9.2 cm H(2)O, respectively) patients. Further statistical analysis was carried out to construct bladder outlet obstruction nomogram. The nomogram classifies any pair of values of free Qmax and pdet.max into one of the following four zones: no obstruction, mild obstruction, moderate obstruction, and severe obstruction. Of the 50 obstructed women, 34 (68%) were classified by the nomogram as mildly, 12 (24%) as moderately, and 4 (8%) as severely obstructed. A positive correlation was found between subjective severity of the symptoms (assessed by the AUA Symptom Index score) and the four nomogram zones. In conclusion, the nomogram makes it possible to differentiate between obstructed and unobstructed women and between various degrees of obstruction. We believe the nomogram may also serve as an instrument to assess treatment outcomes.
Delayed posttraumatic vertebral collapse with intravertebral vacuum cleft.

Abstract Objective: To discuss the case of a 79-year-old man who had a delayed posttraumatic vertebral collapse and an intravertebral vacuum cleft. The patient had been on long-term corticosteroid therapy. A discussion of Kummell's diseaseand the controversy surrounding the etiology of the condition is also presented. Clinical Features: Six weeks before coming to the clinic, the patient remembered twisting, hearing a pop, and having severe low back pain. Two weeks after the incident, while hospitalized for bacterial cellulitis, he underwent lumbar spine radiography. The radiographs showed degenerative changes and remote (healed) compression fractures but did not demonstrate any deformity of L2. Four weeks later, he sought care for persistent low back pain. Radiographs revealed marked compression of the L2 vertebral body with an intravertebral vacuum phenomenon. Intervention and Outcome: The patient was referred to his geriatrician for evaluation as a candidate for vertebroplasty or other stabilization procedures. He required a moderately high dose (60 mg) of prednisone daily to combat the symptoms of myasthenia gravis; therefore, the prognosis appears unfavorable for this patient. Conclusion: Clinical research is needed to determine the definitive etiology and pathophysiology of Kummell's disease. This case demonstrates that the intravertebral vacuum is a dynamic entity, subject to changes in size and shape. Previous case reports have suggested that Kummell's disease only presents as a linear, horizontal cleft. This disease needs further investigation to determine the true correlation between radiographic signs and the underlying pathophysiology. (J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2002;25:270-275)
Estimation of a fixed effects bivariate censored regression model

Abstract This paper extends symmetrically trimmed least squares estimators to a fixed effects bivariate truncated/censored regression model. The estimator proposed in this paper is consistent and does not require specifying the joint density of the error terms.
Calcium oxalate trihydrate phase control by structurally-specific carboxylic acids

Abstract Carboxylic acids are known inhibitors of kidney stone formation. Eight acids with distinct spacing of carboxyl functional groups are shown to inhibit calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) pre-critical nuclei, so that calcium oxalate trihydrate (COT) precipitation occurs. Increased acid concentration inhibits COM and COT phases, resulting in precipitation of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD). Sodium and potassium were found to negate the effect. Computer modeling confirms structural match between the molecules and calcium spacing in the crystal lattices and allows for the prediction of certain oxalate stone inhibitors. Correlation is made between adsorption site density and order of phase inhibition.
High Frequency Piezoelectric MEMS Devices

High frequency ultrasound array transducers are being explored for high resolution imaging systems. This increase in resolution is made possible by enabling a simultaneous increase in operating frequency (50 MHz to about 1 GHz) and close-coupling of the electrical circuitry. Several different processing methods are being explored to fabricate array transducers. In one implementation, the piezoelectric transducer is prepared by mist deposition of PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT) films over Ni posts. In addition, a xylophone bar transducer has also been prototyped, again using thin film PZT as the active piezoelectric layer. Because the drive voltages of these transducers are low, close coupling of the electrical circuitry is possible. A CMOS transceiver for a 9 element-array has been fabricated in 0.35 mum process technology. The first generation CMOS transceiver chip contains beamforming electronics, receiver circuitry, and analog to digital converters with 27 Kbyte on-chip buffer memory.
Concurrency Evolution and Impacts of an Infrastructure and Growth Management Policy

Concurrency is an infrastructure finance and growth management policy implemented by local government. It is a policy designed to match public facilities and private development. When implemented, concurrency policy withholds land development approval unless selectedfacilities and services exist in accordance with locally adopted level of service standards by the time the impacts of land development on thosefacilities occur Concurrency is the latestpolicy in a cumulative series of land use regulations by local governments that requires developers to pay for infrastructure needed to serve new urban land development. Concurrency policies offer an effective supplement to development impact fees and land use regulations typically employed by local governments today. Local governments may find concurrency a viable growth management tool as well as an infrastructure management alternative, but local officials should be aware how the unintended consequences and actual outcomes of concurrency may differ from the ...
Migraine and epilepsy: Shared mechanisms?

Migraine and epilepsy are comorbid conditions that have many clinical similarities. There are also cellular physiologic similarities, and some antiepileptic drugs are prophylactic in migraine, suggesting common pathophysiologic elements. The most compelling evidence comes from familial hemiplegic migraine, in which migraine and epilepsy can be caused by mutations in the same gene. For an expanded treatment of this topic see Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies, Fourth Edition (Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, Olsen RW, Delgado-Escueta AV, eds) published by Oxford University Press (available on the National Library of Medicine Bookshelf [NCBI] at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books).
Loss of resistance to listeria infection in autoimmune MRL/lpr mice: protection by prostaglandin E1.

MRLlpr mice develop a severe SLE-like disease associated with a massive T-cell proliferation. Our studies show that this strain becomes incapable of resisting listeria infection only after there is an increase in their T cells. Age-matched congenic animals which lack the lpr gene never lose this resistance. In addition, treatment with PGE1, which inhibits this T-cell expansion, prevents the loss of bacterial resistance in the MRLlpr mice. The discovery of this defect in MRLlpr mice, its relation to T-cell proliferation, and its protection by prostaglandin E provide a valuable system for investigating cell-mediated mechanisms operative in autoimmune disease.
Differential conditioning as a function of surgical anosmia

Three groups of anosmic rats served as subjects in a two-stage experiment investigating the effects of surgically produced anosmia on behavior in a differential conditioning situation. Differential responding failed to develop during training (Phase I) for either of the two groups of subjects receiving differential reinforcement (large vs. small) in two straight runways of different brightness. Further, the performance of these two groups did not differ from that of a control group receiving small reward in both runways. Some differential responding was shown during extinction (Phase II), suggesting that a preference for the large reward alternative had been established during Phase I by those subjects experiencing differential reinforcement. Possible mechanisms underlying the behavior of the anosmic subject in this situation are discussed.
Cultural patterns in relation to family planning in India.

v Biological factors are not the sole determinants of human reproduction. Equally important and possibly more complex are the social processes which produce those configurations of human behaviour designated as cultural patterns. The extent to which the capacity to procreate can be made to express itself in the making of the future generation depends largely on such cultural factors. The first purpose of any society is to assure its own survival. Where environmental and/or cultural conditions produce a high rate of mortality, survival demands a correspondingly high rate of fertility. Every society that survives must have a fertility rate high enough to balance its mortality rate. Cultural devices to secure such essential fertility are extremely various and quite persistent. If factors producing high mortality rates are altered by methods which do not penetrate deeply into the social consciousness of the people, the cultural incitements to high fertility may be left relatively untouched. The long lag between the fall of death rates and the lowering of birth rates observed in Western Europe is a familiar illustration of this principle. The practical conclusion to be drawn from these considerations is that any successful attempt to lower fertility rates must work with a knowledge of existing cultural patterns concerned with the conditions of fertility.
A note on a conjecture on permanents

Abstract Let Kn denote the set of all n × n nonnegative matrices whose entries have sum n, and let ϕ be a real function on Kn defined by ϕ (X) = Πni=1Σnj=1xij + Πnj=1Σni=1xij − per X for X = [xij] ϵ Kn. A matrix A ϵ Kn is called a ϕ -maximizing matrix on Kn if ϕ (A) ⩾ ϕ (X) for all X ϵ Kn. It is conjectured that Jn = [1/n]n × n is the unique ϕ-maximizing matrix on Kn. In this note, the following are proved: (i) If A is a positive ϕ-maximizing matrix, then A = Jn. (ii) If A is a row stochastic ϕ-maximizing matrix, then A = Jn. (iii) Every row sum and every column sum of a ϕ-maximizing matrix lies between 1 − √2·n!/nn and 1 + (n − 1)√2·n!/nn. (iv) For any p.s.d. symmetric A ϵ Kn, ϕ (A) ⩽ 2 − n!/nn with equality iff A = Jn. (v) ϕ attains a strict local maximum on Kn at Jn.
A sufficient condition for the linearization stability of N = 1 supergravity: A preliminary report

Abstract This paper outlines how the methods developed by Fischer, Marsden, and Moncrief (A. Fischer and J. Marsden, “Isolated Gravitating Systems in General Relativity,” (J. Ehlers, Ed.). Proceedings of the International School of Physics Enrico Fermi Course XVII, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1979; A. Fischer, J. Marsden, and V. Moncrief, Ann. Inst. Henri Poincare33 (1980), 147–194) for general relativity are being used to show that classical N = 1 supergravity, as a non-linear system of partial differential equations, is linearization stable at any solution which lacks Killing symmetry. It is assumed (for convenience) throughout that the underlying spacetime is topologically Σ0 × R, where Σ0 is a compact, spacelike, and boundaryless 3-dimensional hypersurface.
Improved bounds for covering complete uniform hypergraphs

Abstract We consider the problem of covering the complete r-uniform hypergraphs on n vertices using complete r-partite graphs. We obtain lower bounds on the size of such a covering. For small values of r our result implies a lower bound of Ω(( e r r r )n log n) on the size of any such covering. This improves the previous bound of Ω(rn log n) due to Snir. We also obtain good lower bounds on the size of a family of perfect hash function using simple arguments.