cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Collection of electronic patient-reported symptoms in patients with advanced cancer using Epic MyChart surveys

Use of electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) in routine cancer care can help identify troublesome symptoms and facilitate discussions between patients and clinicians and has been shown to improve patient satisfaction, quality of life, and survival. Eighty patients with stage IV non-hematologic malignancies on chemotherapy participated. Patient-Reported Symptom Monitoring (PRSM) surveys were sent every 14 days via the Epic MyChart system over a 12-week period. Surveys were offered via phone or paper if patients failed to complete the automated MyChart survey by day 16. Severe symptoms or concerning symptom trends were automatically highlighted in reports for clinic staff. Patients reporting severe symptoms were routed to oncology nursing triage for standard symptom care management. Two hundred seventy-one surveys were sent during the 12-week study period. One hundred eighty-three surveys (66%) were completed, with 68% completed electronically via MyChart, 25% by paper, and 7% by phone call from a research coordinator. At least one severe symptom was reported on 36% of all surveys. However, most severe symptoms did not result in urgent triage follow-up because they were already being addressed and/or patients felt they were manageable. Patients and clinicians generally said the ePRO was efficient and helpful for addressing distressing symptoms and would use it in routine oncology care. ePROs can be integrated into the electronic health record using the Epic MyChart system. Patients and clinicians gave positive feedback on the system. Monitoring symptoms in real time may soon become part of standard oncology practice and requires seamless methods for collection.
Placement of Central Venous Catheter

This chapter describes the surgical procedure for placement of central venous catheter. The text includes an introduction that outlines the indications, risks, alternatives, essential steps, needed equipment, and variations in technique for the procedure in question. This is followed by a template operative dictation, which provides the reader with an operative report, such as is found in a patient chart or electronic medical record. A description is provided of the following critical concepts for this procedure: identification of appropriate anatomic landmarks, ultrasound identification of target vessel, venipuncture, Seldinger technique, placement of catheter and confirmation of catheter tip position, tunneling of line (if indicated).
Optimization of an Interaction Region Quadrupole Magnet for a Future Electron-Ion Collider at JLab

The Jefferson Lab Electron Ion Collider (JLEIC) is a proposed new machine for nuclear physics research. It uses the existing CEBAF accelerator as a full energy injector to deliver 3 to 11 GeV electrons into a new electron collider ring. An all new ion accelerator and collider complex will deliver up to 200 GeV protons. The machine has luminosity goals of 1034cm−2 sec−1. The whole detector region including forward detection covers about 80 meters of the JLEIC complex. The lattice file for the machine has changed to accommodate the higher energy; this change requires all the magnets in the interaction region to change. This paper will describe the requirements for both the ion and electron beam superconducting magnets around the interaction point. All the Final Focusing Quadrupole (FFQ) magnets now have preliminary designs. This paper will describe the optimization process for one of these FFQs. The optimization is performed using the optimization module of SIMULIA Opera FEA and compared with ROXIE. An analytical design tool has also been developed to estimate the peak field in the coils. The quadrupole has been optimized for peak field in the coils, and magnetic length.
A FAMILY AFFAIR: THE ROLE OF GENETIC TESTING IN IDIOPATHIC VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION

Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation (IVF) is a rare cause of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). However, there are many challenges to the implementation of a systematic diagnostic workup for IVF and in select cases, genetic testing can be a valuable adjunct in diagnosing concealed primary arrhythmia
The Medially-Invasive Cholesteatoma: An Aggressive Subtype of a Common Pathology:

Objective:Describe the outcomes of treatment for patients with cholesteatomas that are medially invasive to the otic capsule, petrous apex, and/or skull base.Study Design:Retrospective case seriesS...
The Children of Lincoln: White Paternalism and the Limits of Black Opportunity in Minnesota

Review of: The Children of Lincoln: White Paternalism and the Limits of Black Opportunity in Minnesota, 1860–1876, by William D. Green.
Increasing the crowd's capacity to create

Crowds can generate ideas by searching for new designs. A model for such crowd-based search is proposed consisting of three major forces: the problem domain, the actors, and the process. One particular process that can perform such search is that described by human based genetic algorithms, in which crowds are responsible for creating, modifying, and combining designs. This study looks at one aspect of the process: the alternative generation algorithm. Three systems were built that performed greenfield, modification and combination-based alternative generation. These were compared in an experiment involving 2220 participants who played different roles in creating and evaluating advertisements. The results favor the modification system. This suggests for domains like advertising, crowd-based design systems should encourage a series of modifications of initial ideas. For designers of other crowd-based systems in other problem domains, this study suggests that both modification and combination processes should be tested and their ratio of use adjusted according to the results obtained, much as the ratio of mutation and crossover are adjusted in genetic algorithms.
Is my sensor sleeping, hibernating, or broken?: A data-driven monitoring system for indoor energy harvesting sensors

As the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices continues to increase, energy-harvesting (EH) devices eliminate the need to replace batteries or find outlets for sensors in indoor environments. This comes at a cost, however, as these energy-harvesting devices introduce new failure modes not present in traditional IoT devices: extended periods of no harvestable energy cause them to go dormant, their often simple wireless protocols are unreliable, and their limited energy reserves prohibit many diagnostic features. While energy-harvesting sensors promise easy-to-setup and maintenance-free deployments, their limitations hinder robust, long-term data collection. To continuously monitor and maintain a network of energy-harvesting devices in buildings, we propose the EH-HouseKeeper. EH-HouseKeeper is a data-driven system that monitors EH device compliance and predicts healthy signal zones in a building based on the existing gateway location(s) and building profile for easier device maintenance. EH-HouseKeeper does this by first filtering excess event-triggered data points and applying representation learning on building features that describe the path between the gateways and the device. We assessed EH-HouseKeeper by deploying 125 energy-harvesting sensors of varying types in a 17,000 square foot research infrastructure, randomly masking a quarter of the sensors as the test set for validation. The results of our 6-month data-collection period demonstrate an average greater than 80% accuracy in predicting the health status of the subset. Our results validate techniques for assessing sensor health status across device types, for inferring gateway status, and approaches to assist in identifying between gateway, transmission, and sensor faults.
Predicting Hospital Utilization and Inpatient Mortality of Patients Tested for COVID-19

Using structured elements from Electronic Health Records (EHR), we seek to: i ) build predictive models to stratify patients tested for COVID-19 by their likelihood for hospitalization, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation and inpatient mortality, and ii ) identify the most important EHR-based features driving the predictions. We leveraged EHR data from the Duke University Health System tested for COVID-19 or hospitalized between March 11, 2020 and August 24, 2020, to build models to predict hospital admissions within 4 weeks. Models were also created for ICU admissions, need for mechanical ventilation and mortality following admission. Models were developed on a cohort of 86,355 patients with 112,392 outpatient COVID-19 tests or any-cause hospital admissions between March 11, 2020 and June 4, 2020. The four models considered resulted in AUROC=0.838 (CI: 0.832-0.844) and AP=0.272 (CI: 0.260-0.287) for hospital admissions, AUROC=0.847 (CI: 0.839-855) and AP=0.585 (CI: 0.565-0.603) for ICU admissions, AUROC=0.858 (CI: 0.846-0.871) and AP=0.434 (CI: 0.403-0.467) for mechanical ventilation, and AUROC=0.0.856 (CI: 0.842-0.872) and AP=0.243 (CI: 0.205-0.282) for inpatient mortality. Patient history abstracted from the EHR has the potential for being used to stratify patients tested for COVID-19 in terms of utilization and mortality. The dominant EHR features for hospital admissions and inpatient outcomes are different. For the former, age, social indicators and previous utilization are the most important predictive features. For the latter, age and physiological summaries (pulse and blood pressure) are the main drivers.
Ultrasensitive optical-tweezer torque detection and Casimir effects

Recently, we optically levitated nanoparticles in vacuum and driven them to rotate up to 300 billion rpm (5 GHz) [J. Ahn, et al. Nature Nanotechnology 15, 89 (2020)]. We demonstrated ultrasensitive torque detection with an optically levitated nanoparticle in vacuum. This system will be promising to study quantum friction and other Casimir effects. We also calculated the vacuum frictional torque on a barium strontium titanate (BST) nanosphere near a BST surface, and found the vacuum friction can be enhanced by several orders with resonant photon tunneling.
Software Reliability and Fault-tolerant Systems: An Overview and Perspectives

This chapter outlines the basic concepts of software development process, reliability engineering, and data analysis. It also presents some of the existing NHPP software reliability models and their applications. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the results. A generalized software reliability model considering environmental factors is presented and Sections 72.5 and 72.6 discuss briefly the software fault-tolerant concepts and software cost models, respectively.
Classical orbits and quantum waves in natural atoms and in designer atoms

Whenever waves travel along two or more paths from a source to a detector interference effects can result. Such interference effects are seen in the absorption spectra of atoms in electric or magnetic fields. Interference is associated with waves that travel out from the atom and later return to it. Closely-related interference patterns are found in measurements of the conductance of a microscopic junction (or “designer atom”). In this latter case, interference is associated with waves that travel along various paths from the entrance to the exit lead. In this paper we discuss the close relationship between these two seemingly different phenomena.
IFN-γ is required for spontaneous colitis-associated colon cancer in mice with a lineage-restricted deletion of the Smad4 gene in T cells. (MUC2P.821)

Immune cells and the cytokines they produce are important mediators of the transition from colitis to colon cancer, but the mechanisms mediating this disease progression are poorly understood. We previously reported that selective deletion in T cells of the TGF-β signaling intermediate in mice, Smad4 (Smad4TKO mice) leads to spontaneous gastrointestinal inflammation which progresses to mucosal epithelia cancers. IFN-γ expression is significantly increased in the T cells and colon of Smad4TKO mice, thus we established a ‘double knockout’ (Smad4/IFN-γDKO) mouse model in which a germ line IFN-γ gene deletion (IFN-γKO) is combined with the Smad4TKO. Smad4/IFN-γDKO mice had a significantly reduced incidence and progression of colitis-associated colon cancer, and a decrease in the number of mucosal CD4+ T cells, compared to those of Smad4TKO. We observed impaired in vitro induction of Foxp3+CD4+ T cells (iTregs) by TGF-β in T cells derived from both Smad4TKO and Smad4/IFN-γDKO. This phenotype is associated with a decrease in the mucosal natural Foxp3+CD4+ T cells (nTregs) in vivo. The colon epithelia of Smad4/IFN-γDKO mice exhibited a non-oncogenic signature with a decrease in the expression of iNOS and p-STAT1 and a restoration of the tumor suppressor gene, 15-PGDH, compared to Smad4TKO mice. Thus, our data indicate the critical role of IFN-γ in promoting carcinogenesis associated with spontaneous inflammation in mice with a T cell-restricted deletion of the Smad4 gene.
Radiation therapy and soft tissue response

Abstract Approximately 60% of patients receive radiation as part of multimodality treatment for solid malignant tumors. Technical advances in the delivery of radiotherapy has allowed escalation of radiation dose to tumors whilst reducing dose to non-target tissues. However, the acute and late effects of radiation continue to carry morbidity for patients and present challenges regarding the optimal timing and integration of surgery. In this chapter we present the basic principles of radiation and discuss the radiobiological theory that underpins soft tissue radiation toxicity and impaired wound healing.
The walking of words: Third World feminism and the reimagining of resistance by indigenous communities

In 2008 the Association of Indigenous Councils of Northern Cauca (ACIN) sent a letter to U.S. president Barack Obama regarding the atrocities committed against the indigenous communities in Colombia. The letter addressed how rights have been stripped from the indigenous communities. However, the letter represented more than documented accounts of injustice. The letter represented the demystification of traditional political representations and processes. This article uses Third World feminism as a theoretical framework to explore how indigenous social movements are making visible “a right” and “collective rights” from an alternative source. It seeks to reconceptualize resistance and revolution outside universal ideologies of liberation by examining how indigenous uprisings represent a new form of resistance, one that is deeply embedded in historical consciousnesses of indigenous communities.
Animal Models for Toxoplasma gondii Infection

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan that commonly infects mammals and birds throughout the world. This unit describes murine models of acute T. gondii infection and toxoplasmic encephalitis. T. gondii infection in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice, which lack T and B cells, has allowed for the study of T cell-independent mechanisms of defense against intracellular organisms, as described here. The establishment of temperature-sensitive mutant strains of T. gondii has allowed adoptive-transfer experiments without the concern for the transfer of the parasite at the same time. The temperature-sensitive mutant ts-4 strain disappears from tissues of immunocompetent mice without forming tissue cysts and induces protection against challenge with virulent strains of the parasite, and a protocol is provided for infection with this mutant strain. Support protocols present methodology for evaluation of progression of infection and immune response to the parasite, maintenance of T. gondii tissue cysts and tachyzoites, as well as preparation of T. gondii lysate antigens.
LUNG FLUID AND PROTEIN DYNAMICS IN UNANESTHETIZED SHEEP DURING ALVEOLAR HYPOXIA

To determine if hypoxia has a direct effect on pulmonary microvascular fluid and protein transfer, we measured steady-state lung lymph flow (Qlym) and protein transport (Qprot) in 7 unanesthetized sheep breathing 10% O2 in N2 for 4 hr and in 2 sheep breathing the same gas for 48 hr. We surgically prepared the animals to isolate and collect lung lymph and to measure mean pulmonary artery (Ppa) and left atrial (Pla) pressures. After recovery, the sheep breathed air through a tracheostomy for 2-4 hr, followed by 4 or 48 hr of hypoxia. In 12 4-hr studies, mean PaO2 fell from 97 to 38 torr; Ppa rose from 20 to 33 cmH2O; Qlym and Qprot were unchanged. During 48 hr hypoxia, with a sustained elevation in Ppa and a decline in Pla, Qlym and Qprot diminished progressively, with a decrease in the lymph-plasma protein ratio (L/P) from 0.70 to 0.60. We conclude that 4 hr of severe hypoxia did not increase lung fluid filtration or protein permeability, a finding supported by normal post-mortem histology and a mean extravascular lung water content of 4.27 ml/g dry bloodless lung. The decreased Qlym, Qprot and L/P during prolonged hypoxia are unexplained, but indicate that no increase in vascular permeability to plasma proteins occurred. [Supported in part by HL14201 (SCOR).]
Celiac Disease: What to Do When the Tissue Transglutaminase Is Positive

www.jpedhc.org She denies having any abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting. She has had no episodes of loose stools and no fecal incontinence. The patient denies the presence of any blood or mucus in her stools. She avoided dairy products and increased the amount of fluids andfiber in her diet for 1 month with no improvement in her symptoms. She has since resumed her regular diet. She has been well otherwise.
Renal Transplantation After Streptococcus pneumoniae-Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

Of the several causes of nondiarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae is infrequent, but important, because of its unique pathogenesis. A comprehensive literature review found 37 well-documented cases of S pneumoniae-associated HUS (SP-HUS), only 2 of which progressed to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We report the third such child, and the first to receive a renal transplant following SP-HUS. Her course illustrates several unique characteristics of SP-HUS common to previous patients reported in the literature, including a greater duration of oligoanuria compared with cases not progressing to ESRD, the significant adverse effect of unwashed blood products, and a possible influence of female gender on outcome. Clinicians caring for children with SP-HUS should be aware of these differences and modify therapy appropriately to avoid known risk factors for poor outcome, specifically the use of unwashed blood products.
EE at work: Powerful short term job benefits: “Working the service end of a power company was something I wanted to do. A summer working at the American Electric Power Company helped me realize this”

Michael Oatts enjoys day to day, short term activity more than long term planning activities. While working in the summer for his fellowship, he did long term planning for the American Electric Power Company, and said he found it much more rewarding to work on daily projects that are not just hypothetical ideas that may or may not be of use 10 years down the road. He comments “sometimes you would put a lot of work and energy into long term project and get really excited about it, only to find out that minds have changed.”
Differential working memory correlates for implicit sequence performance in young and older adults.

Our recent work has revealed that visuospatial working memory (VSWM) relates to the rate of explicit motor sequence learning (Bo and Seidler in J Neurophysiol 101:3116–3125, 2009) and implicit sequence performance (Bo et al. in Exp Brain Res 214:73–81, 2011a) in young adults (YA). Although aging has a detrimental impact on many cognitive functions, including working memory, older adults (OA) still rely on their declining working memory resources in an effort to optimize explicit motor sequence learning. Here, we evaluated whether age-related differences in VSWM and/or verbal working memory (VWM) performance relates to implicit performance change in the serial reaction time (SRT) sequence task in OA. Participants performed two computerized working memory tasks adapted from change detection working memory assessments (Luck and Vogel in Nature 390:279–281, 1997), an implicit SRT task and several neuropsychological tests. We found that, although OA exhibited an overall reduction in both VSWM and VWM, both OA and YA showed similar performance in the implicit SRT task. Interestingly, while VSWM and VWM were significantly correlated with each other in YA, there was no correlation between these two working memory scores in OA. In YA, the rate of SRT performance change (exponential fit to the performance curve) was significantly correlated with both VSWM and VWM, while in contrast, OA’s performance was only correlated with VWM, and not VSWM. These results demonstrate differential reliance on VSWM and VWM for SRT performance between YA and OA. OA may utilize VWM to maintain optimized performance of second-order conditional sequences.
Ethylene effects on pollen callus formation and organogenesis in anther cultures of Solanum carolinense L.

Abstract Culture of anthers of Solanum carolinense L. on medium supplemented with 10 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) induced pollen callus formation. When subcultured onto medium lacking auxin, the callus regenerated through the organogenic pathway. Ethrel and ethylene did not stimulate pollen androgenesis or pollen callus regeneration in vitro. Furthermore, analysis of ethylene concentrations in cultures during pollen morphogenesis and subsequent callus regeneration, showed no significant accumulation. In conjunction with a previous study, these results show that unlike indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-induced pollen embryogenesis, 2,4-D does not mediate pollen callus induction or regeneration through ethylene biosynthesis in culture. This further supports the idea that the two auxins induce different pathways of pollen development in vitro by way of independent modes of action.
An image and text management system for editorial applications

This paper describes the architecture of a system, a prototype of which is being developed by the authors at IBM Rome Scientific Centre, providing an interactive approach to the printing process, starting from the input of the basic components (images, texts and graphics) up to the definition and modification of page layout and finally to driving high resolution output devices. The system manages collections of pages, called “documents”; in turn each page is defined as a spatial composition of elementary boxes distributed on different levels. The main characteristics of the system architecture are interactivity, modularity and non-procedurality (the user has only to describe “what” has to be done, rather “how” to do it).
A problem of integration

Many programming courses tend to be taught in isolation. Isolation from real world applications and isolation internally from their parts. COBOL, as a significant business oriented language that is extensively utilized, lends itself to integration as easily as any language and more easily than most. This integration is important as COBOL is extensively utilized in a variety of business applications. Still, COBOL frequently suffers from being taught isolated segment by isolated segment. It is also frequently taught in isolation from its world of applications. This paper will suggest some techniques for overcoming this tendency toward disjointed segmentation in an introductory COBOL class.
Electrical properties of composites as affected by the degree of mixedness of the conductive filler in the polymer matrix

The development of the electrical properties of composites as a function of the degree of mixedness of a conductive filler distributed into an insulating polymer is investigated. A wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD)-based quantitative phase analysis method was used to characterize the variations of the concentrations of the insulating binder and the conductive particles around their mean values as a function of mixing time in an intensive batch mixer. Increasing the time and hence, the specific energy input, during the mixing process results in a more homogeneous spatial distribution of the conductive filler in the polymeric matrix, which in turn results in a decrease of the volume conductivity of the composite. The decreasing conductivity of the composite is attributed to the better coating and hence the isolation of the conductive particles from each other, thus hindering the formation of a conductive network “percolation”. Overall, these results suggest that the control of the electrical properties of conductive composites could benefit from a good understanding and adequate control of the dynamics of the mixing process and the resulting degree of mixedness of the conductive particles in the polymer matrix.
PaJaMas in Paris.

This is a personal reminiscence of what happened in one year, nearly 50 years ago, when I spent a sabbatical year at The Pasteur Institute in Paris. The year was fascinating, for I met and worked with Jacques Monod and Francois Jacob, a collaboration that culminated in the famous PaJaMa experiment.
Differential central simple algebras and Picard–Vessiot representations

A differential central simple algebra, and in particular a differential matrix algebra, over a differential field K with constants C can be trivialized by a Picard-Vessiot (differential Galois) extension E. In the matrix algebra case, there is a correspondence between K-algebras trivialized by E and representations of the Galois group of E over K in PGL n (C), which can be interpreted as cocyles equivalent up to coboundaries.
Modeling of InGaAs MSM photodetector for circuit-level simulation

An accurate model for In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors is presented for circuit-level simulation. Dark and dc current characteristics are investigated and modeled. To accurately simulate the large-signal response of MSM photodetectors, impulse response functions and convolution integrals are implemented into SPICE. The transit-time limitation is also incorporated into the small-signal analysis. Most circuit parameters preserve the physical meaning. S-parameter measurements are used to find the circuit parameters critical to transient and ac analyses. Results are compared with experimentally obtained data, and excellent agreement is obtained consistently on InGaAs photodetectors of different sizes.
Corn Grain Yield and Nitrogen Utilization in Relation to Subsoiling and Nitrogen Rate on Paleudults

Subsoiling is used to loosen root-restricting layers and increase rooting depth and water availability; however, little information is available regarding how to adjust the recommended fertilizer N rate. This study evaluated corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield response to subsoiling and N rate in 12 Typic and Arenic Paleudults from 1985 through 1987. Corn earleaf and grain N concentrations were also measured. Chisel plowing and subsoiling were factorially combined with either 0, 80, 120, 160, and 200 kg N ha #751 or 80, 120, and 160 kg N ha #751 (...)
Management of skull base metastases

Skull base metastases (SBM) are rare among all tumors affecting the base of the skull. Because of their rarity, they have received limited attention in the published medical literature. Several clinical syndromes associated with SBM have been described. Knowledge of these syndromes and maintenance of a high index of suspicion are important for an early diagnosis. The majority of patients are best managed by radiotherapy. Other therapeutic options include stereotactic radiosurgery, chemotherapy, and surgery. Surgical resection is reserved for a minority of well-selected patients. The decision to intervene surgically is based on patients' clinical status, the degree of control of systemic disease, the accessibility of the lesion, and the potential morbidity of the procedure. Well-designed trials and evidence-based practice guidelines are not available. The management of these patients largely depends of the experience of the treating medical team.
Periodic oscillations observed in swirling flows with and without combustion

Data obtained by laser induced Rayleigh scattering and hot-wire anemometry are used to study periodic oscillations in swirling flows with and without combustion present. Power spectral density functions reveal the presence of energetic, periodic oscillations in the flow. A band of low frequency oscillations (25-100 Hz) is observed on and near the centerline in the presence of a recirculation zone and is attributed to axial oscillations of the recirculation zone which are amplified with combustion by an interaction between the mechanism for flow recirculation and flow changes induced by combustion. High frequency oscillations between 300-500 Hz are observed in an annular region located in the vortex core. A stability analysis is performed, and it is concluded that these oscillations are most likely helical waves resulting from hydrodynamic instability in the vortex core upstream of the test section.
Production of IL-3 by non-transformed primary neonatal murine keratinocytes: Evidence for constitutive IL-3 gene expression in neonatal epidermis

Interleukin 3 (IL-3) is a cytokine produced by activated T lymphocytes that is best understood as a hematopoietic growth and differentiation factor. Production of IL-3 by other cell types is controversial; while certain transformed non-lymphocyte cell lines can produce IL-3, it is generally assumed that their non-transformed counterparts do not. It has been previously reported that Pam 212, a transformed murine keratinocyte cell line, produces IL-3. In this study we report that IL-3 can also be secreted by normal murine keratinocytes. Using a cell line (FL5.12) which is responsive to IL-3 and not to other keratinocyte derived cytokines, (e.g. GM-CSF, IL-1 and IL-6), we tested conditioned media from cultures of normal neonatal keratinocytes for biologically active IL-3. These media stimulated the proliferation of FL5.12, and the effect could be neutralized by specific antibodies to IL-3. The presence of IL-3 mRNA was demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of reverse transcribed IL-3 mRNA from cultured normal neonatal keratinocytes and confirmed by Southern blot analysis. By similar techniques, IL-3 mRNA could be identified in freshly isolated neonatal epidermis but not dermis. These data indicated that IL-3 is produced by keratinocytes in the skin of normal neonatal mice, raising the likelihood that the neonatal epidermal microenvironment may have hematopoietic or lymphopoietic properties.
Overcoming Language Barriers in Psychiatric Practice: Culturally Sensitive and Effective Use of Interpreters

ABSTRACT Overcoming language barriers through the use of interpreters in mental health work is a challenge for clinicians. This article reviews and examines the common problems of language translation encountered at both technical and conceptual levels during the assessment and treatment of mentally ill patients, many of whom are immigrants. Various models of translation for different clinical purposes are reviewed. Ways to improve interpretation in clinical work are discussed, and relevant training for both clinicians and interpreters regarding culturally relevant and competent mental health work is suggested.
Crystal structures of the free and liganded form of an esterolytic catalytic antibody

The crystal structure of the esterase catalytic antibody 48G7 has been determined in the presence of hapten at 2.0 A resolution and in the absence of hapten at 2.7 A resolution. The root-mean-square difference between the two structures is 0.6 A for the variable domain and 0.7 A for the constant domain. Comparison of the active site shows that no significant changes occur upon hapten binding as main-chain and side-chain displacements are negligible. Complex formation occurs as hapten fits into a pre-formed pocket about 10 A deep. Although 151 water molecules were modeled into the 48G7-hapten structure, none are bound in the active site. Comparison of the 48G7 structures with those of other published ester hydrolysis antibodies illustrates an emerging theme used by esterolytic antibodies in binding their (nitro-)phenyl haptens and in hydrolysing their cognate esters and carbonates: hapten is bound with the aryl end buried deep in the binding pocket, and the phosphonate moiety is responsible for the majority of the binding energy to the antibody-hapten interaction.
WHO ARE THE EDUCATIONAL GERONTOLOGISTS

Educational activities in gerontology have developed rapidly over the past 25 years and currently offer continued promise of future expansion. As activities grow and diversify, new and modified roles are created for individuals with knowledge of the processes of aging, commitment to improve the quality of life of older people, and familiarity with educational design and practice. The purpose of this paper is to identify a few of these roles and to conceptualize the field in a way that may add greater clarity and understanding to the complex array of contemporary events. Three topics will be included: (1) a brief description of the background that has produced educational gerontology; (2) a definition and clarification of the meaning of the term; and (3) identification of the current and future roles for educational gerontologists.
Local instances of good seeing

Abstract One of the major causes of image degradation in imaging through an inhomogeneous medium with small aperture optics, or through an uneven boundary layer, is a local tilt term in the expression for the incoming wavefront. This manifests itself as a local or space variant distortion of the image. When a temporal sequence of such images is examined, there is wandering of the image both locally and as a whole. In this paper we describe a time selection technique which has been employed to correct for the image wandering using multiple frame image sequences. The average of many short exposures, the equivalent of one long exposure, is computed in a first pass through the images. Then in a second pass, the local image regions which are shifted too far from the long term average are deleted, while the centroids of those remaining are reregistered with respect to the equivalent long exposure. Such a two pass technique is mathematically analyzed and demonstrated experimentally with a sequence of images of an underwater bar.
Successful systematic desensitization in a chronic schizophrenic patient

Abstract This case study presents the successful systematic desensitization of anxiety engendered by auditory hallucinations in a chronic schizophrenic patient. A 21-month term follow-up indicated that the effects of the treatment persisted.
COSINE - A corpus of multi-party COnversational Speech In Noisy Environments

We present an overview of the data collection and transcription efforts for the COnversational Speech In Noisy Environments (COSINE) corpus. The corpus is a set of multi-party conversations recorded in real world environments with background noise that can be used to train noise-robust speech recognition systems. We explain the motivation for creating such a corpus and describe the resulting audio recordings and transcriptions that comprise the corpus. These recordings include a 4-channel array and close-talking, far-field, and throat microphones on separate synchronized channels, allowing for unique algorithm research.
Oxytocin receptor ligand binding in embryonic tissue and postnatal brain development of the C57BL/6J mouse.

Oxytocin (OXT) has drawn increasing attention as a developmentally relevant neuropeptide given its role in the brain regulation of social behavior. It has been suggested that OXT plays an important role in the infant brain during caregiver attachment in nurturing familial contexts, but there is incomplete experimental evidence. Mouse models of OXT system genes have been particularly informative for the role of the OXT system in social behavior, however, the developing brain areas that could respond to ligand activation of the OXT receptor (OXTR) have yet to be identified in this species. Here we report new data revealing dynamic ligand-binding distribution of OXTR in the developing mouse brain. Using male and female C57BL/6J mice at postnatal days (P) 0, 7, 14, 21, 35, and 60 we quantified OXTR ligand binding in several brain areas which changed across development. Further, we describe OXTR ligand binding in select tissues of the near-term whole embryo at E18.5. Together, these data aid in the interpretation of findings in mouse models of the OXT system and generate new testable hypotheses for developmental roles for OXT in mammalian systems. We discuss our findings in the context of developmental disorders (including autism), attachment biology, and infant physiological regulation.
Frequencies in Center of Pressure Time Series above 1Hz during Quiet Upright Stance Reflect the Use of a Hip Strategy

Upright stance is primarily maintained through the use of ankle and hip strategies, involving respective rotations about the two joints. Choice of and coordination between these two strategies is regulated by the central nervous systems (CNS). Postural control mechanisms used to maintain upright stance are often assessed (or inferred) using a spectral decomposition of center of pressure (COP) time series. Existing evidence, however, is contradictory in some respects. Specifically, there is conflicting evidence whether COP frequencies above 1.0 Hz reflect CNS function or use of a hip strategy. In this study, fatigue was induced to the lumbar extensors and shoulder flexors through intermittent sub-maximal (60% MVC) isotonic exercises, and used to ‘perturb’ postural control. Use of hip strategies was assessed by entropy methods, which indicates the level of ‘complexity’. Coordination between ankle and hip strategies was analyzed using a coherence method. Both power spectrum and Tsallis and entropies showed t...
Stability of variable explicit time integration for unsteady diffusion problems

Abstract A stability analysis is derived for a variable explicit finite element method for unsteady diffusion problems. With the variable explicit time integration method each node of the mesh, or group of nodes, is updated with a separate time step. This analysis gives a simple expression for the critical time step in terms of element eigenvalues and is applicable to finite element meshes of any dimension and composed of arbitrary element types.
Use of molecular connectivity indices to estimate soil sorption coefficients for organic chemicals

Abstract A correlation model is presented which relates log Koc to molecular connectivity indices (MCI) for a variety of organic compounds. Linear relationships are greatly improved when MCI indices relating to non-dispersive intermolecular interactions are included in the regression model.
Impact of diabetes and acute coronary syndrome on survival in patients treated with drug-eluting stents.

Background: Diabetics who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are at increased risk for death, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, and stent thrombosis. Methods: Our retrospective study includes 887 consecutive patients who underwent PCI with drug-eluting stents (DES) at UCLA Medical Center. The cohort was divided into four groups: group 1, no diabetes and no acute coronary syndrome (ACS); group 2, no diabetes and ACS; group 3, diabetes and no ACS; group 4, diabetes and ACS. Results: Survival at 1 year was the lowest in diabetics who presented with ACS (90% in diabetics with ACS, 95% in diabetics without ACS, 95% in non-diabetics with ACS, and 96% in the non-diabetics without ACS, P = 0.03). At 1 year, age, diabetes, chronic renal insufficiency, ejection fraction, and myocardial infarction were identified as independent predictors for mortality. Conclusion: In the DES era, diabetics who undergo PCI for ACS continue to have an excess risk of death and major adverse cardiac events at 1 year. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Investigation of water signatures at gully-exposed sites on Mars by hyperspectral image analysis

Abstract High-resolution images from the Mars Obiter Camera (MOC) onboard the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) show a variety of gully features on sloped surfaces of Mars. The mechanism of gully formation is still under debate, although a majority of studies tend to favor a mechanism related to liquid water flow based on geomorphology and fluid mechanics considerations. In this study, we examined four known gully sites using Visible and Infrared Mineralogical Mapping Spectrometer (OMEGA) imagery. In particular, we analyzed the absorption depths of the water-associated absorption bands and concluded that there are stronger water signatures at the gully-exposed sites than in the surrounding areas. This implies that the water signatures, most likely representing water ice, isolated water molecules, and/or hydroxyl molecules incorporated into minerals, are still present in the shallow unconsolidated soils. This study provides additional evidence that water was likely involved in the formation of the gully features and is still locally active on the Martian surface in the present time.
Fixation of the chevron osteotomy with an absorbable copolymer pin for treatment of hallux valgus deformity.

This study investigated the use of a bioabsorbable pin made of an oriented poly-L-lactic acid/polyglycolic acid (82:18 ratio) copolymer to fix distal chevron osteotomies in 15 patients (18 feet), with an average follow-up of 18 months. This material absorbs faster than poly-L-lactic acid and slower than poly-p-dioxanone, 2 bioabsorbable polymers that have a clinical history in fixation of distal chevron osteotomies. The average intermetatarsal angle significantly decreased from 11.9±1.7° to 0.9±3.8° ( P .001) while the average hallux valgus angle significantly decreased from 19.4±4.7° to 6.2±6.4° ( P .001). The preoperative American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society's hallux-metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal score averaged 44.6±15.1, which increased significantly to 87.4±14.9 ( P .001) postoperatively. In 1 procedure, a giant cell granuloma developed that was treated with debridement. Overall, these results were comparable to those derived from the use of other methods of fixation used for bunionectomies.
A kinetic study of analyte-receptor binding and dissociation, and dissociation alone, for biosensor applications: a fractal analysis.

Abstract A fractal analysis is presented for (a) analyte–receptor binding and dissociation kinetics and (b) dissociation kinetics alone for biosensor applications. Emphasis is placed on dissociation kinetics. Data taken from the literature may be modeled, in the case of binding, using a single-fractal analysis or a dual-fractal analysis. The dual-fractal analysis represents a change in the binding mechanism as the reaction progresses on the surface. A single-fractal analysis is adequate to model the dissociation kinetics in the examples presented. Predictive relationships developed for the dissociation rate coefficient(s) as a function of the analyte concentration are of particular value since they provide a means by which the dissociation rate coefficients may be manipulated. Relationships are also presented for the binding and dissociation rate coefficients as a function of their corresponding fractal dimension, D f , or the degree of heterogeneity that exists on the surface. When analyte–receptor binding or dissociation is involved, an increase in the heterogeneity on the surface (increase in D f ) leads to an increase in the binding and in the dissociation rate coefficient.
Widespread Iron Limitation of Phytoplankton in the South Pacific Ocean

Diel fluorescence patterns were discovered in phytoplankton sampled over 7000 kilometers of the South Pacific Ocean that appear indicative of iron-limiting growth conditions. These patterns were rapidly lost after in situ iron enrichment and were not observed during a 15,000-kilometer transect in the Atlantic Ocean where iron concentrations are relatively high. Laboratory studies of marine Synechococcus sp. indicated that the patterns in the South Pacific are a unique manifestation of iron limitation on the fluorescence signature of state transitions. Results suggest that primary productivity is iron limited not only throughout the equatorial Pacific but also over much of the vast South Pacific gyre.
GPR radiation pattern effects on 3D Kirchhoff array imaging

A variety of 2-D acoustic migration algorithms are routinely applied to ground penetrating radar (GPR) array data to form images of reflecting surfaces. In a few instances 3-D migration has been performed. We demonstrate the GPR dipole radiation effects on imaging planar reflection surfaces under a 3-D acoustic Kirchhoff imaging condition. This is accomplished by analyzing migration results using synthetic GPR array data generated with a new diffraction integration method that includes interfacial dipole radiation patterns. The impact of the GPR radiation pattern is demonstrated on migration images by considering three antennas types (isotropic, x-, and y-dipoles). For all the results discussed, we use the relative dielectric permittivity for ice, and monostatic transmitter and receiver geometry. We find that an array having a 2.5:1 length-to-width (x:y) ratio and populated with isotropic elements, has a directivity of 4.8. The same array using x-oriented antenna elements has a directivity of 11; with y-oriented elements the directivity is 7. The dipole radiation pattern dominates the array factor. In migration results, when the array factor is aligned with the H-plane dipole pattern, surfaces as steep as 45 degrees are readily imaged. Conversely, when the array factor is aligned with the E-plane pattern, reflectors with dips as low as 20 degrees are difficult to image. These results stress that correct dipole orientation with-in the imaging array is vital for achieving optimal reflector images using migration techniques.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Personal Glimpses Into the Evolution of Truncus Arteriosus Repair

Truncus arteriosus (common arterial trunk) is an uncommon but complex congenital heart anomaly. Until the early 1970s, typically, patients died between the age of a few weeks to six months. Congestive heart failure owing to large pulmonary blood flow and truncal valve regurgitation was the major cause of death until innovative surgical techniques were discovered. In 1963, Herbert Sloan at the University of Michigan completed the first repair using a nonvalved conduit with long-term survival (not reported until 1974). At the Mayo Clinic, Rastelli and McGoon studied and completed the first repair with a valved homograft in 1967. In 1976, Ebert used the 12-mm Hancock valved conduit in infants under six months of age (University of California, San Francisco). In Boston (mid-1980s), Jonas and Castaneda used aortic homografts, which greatly reduced bleeding as a postoperative complication. In the early 1990s, Bove (University of Michigan) reported outstanding results with an approach based on primary repair wit...
Transfer factor in the treatment of a case of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.

Abstract A girl with a severe case of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in whom a partial defect in cell-mediated immunity to C. albicans was demonstrated is described. Chemotherapy with anti-Candida agents afforded only temporary clinical improvement. Although her delayed hypersensitivity skin test response to C. albicans was consistently negative, her lymphocytes underwent blast transformation when cultured in the presence of C. albicans and other mitogens. The addition of exogenous transfer factor to the culture medium increased her lymphocyte blast transformation response to C. albicans. Because of these findings she was treated with transfer factor with the aim of restoring expression of cutaneous hypersensitivity to the antigen, and providing her with clinically significant immunity to the antigen. Following a course of repeated injections of transfer factor given in conjunction with a short course of intravenous amphotericin B, her infection cleared and she has had no recurrence of infection for at least 6 months.