cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A NEUTRON DIFFRACTION STUDY OF KRYPTON IN THE LIQUID STATE

The angular distribution of 1.05 A neutrons scattered by krypton in the liquid state at temperatures of 117\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, 133\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, 153\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, 183\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, and 210\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is reported. By use of a sample cell fabricated from a single aluminum crystal, it was possible to obtain diffraction patterns up to the critical temperature and pressure. The scattering curves were Fourier transformed to obtain the radial atomic distribution function at each temperature. The number of nearest neighbors calculated from these distribution functions ranges from 8.5 at 117\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 4.0 at 210\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K at distances ranging from 4.02 A to 4.20 A, respectively. A comparison of radial distribution functions from arbitrarily terminated data shows that the ratio of the last zero-atomic-density position to the first atomic-density-maximum position is a function of the amount of intensity data transformed. It also indicates that the width of the bowl of the effective potential in liquid krypton is in approximate quantitative agreement with that of the Lennard-Jones 12:6 potential.
Thermal boundary conductance across metal-gallium nitride interfaces from 80 to 450 K

Thermal boundary conductance is of critical importance to gallium nitride (GaN)-based device performance. While the GaN-substrate interface has been well studied, insufficient attention has been paid to the metal contacts in the device. In this work, we measure the thermal boundary conductance across interfaces of Au, Al, and Au-Ti contact layers and GaN. We show that in these basic systems, metal-GaN interfaces can impose a thermal resistance similar to that of GaN-substrate interfaces. We also show that these thermal resistances decrease with increasing operating temperature and can be greatly affected by inclusion of a thin adhesion layers.
Q&A - Global challenges of epilepsy management - an interview with Gretchen Birbeck

Gretchen Birbeck is a Professor of Neurology and Epidemiology at Michigan State University. She has roles in clinical neurology, epidemiology and health services research with a keen interest in the optimal management of neurological conditions in resource-limited settings. Based in southern Africa for half of the year, she has first-hand experience in the management of such conditions and, in particular, of epilepsy, which is one of her main areas of interest (Figure ​(Figure11). Figure 1 Gretchen Birbeck. Gretchen is also one of the guest editors for the BMC Medicine article collection, Medicine for Global Health. Here we talk to Gretchen about her personal views on the challenges of epilepsy management from a global perspective.
Regulation of sex-specific feeding behavior in fiddler crabs: physiological properties of chemoreceptor neurons in claws and legs of males and females

This study examined properties of chemoreceptor neurons in the claws and legs of the fiddler crabs Uca pugilator and U. pugnax. The primary goal was to establish the neural basis of previously observed greater female sensitivity to feeding stimulants, and secondarily to compare physiological properties of chemoreceptor neurons in these semi-terrestrial crustaceans with those of fully aquatic forms. Sensitivity of chemoreceptor neurons in claws and legs is sex-specific; individual neurons of females respond to lower stimulus concentrations than male chemoreceptor neurons, and equivalent concentrations elicit greater spiking in female vs male chemoreceptor neurons. Thus, the population of chemoreceptor neurons in females expresses lower thresholds and greater average sensitivity than in males. Greater sensitivity of claw neurons explains observations indicating that females continue to feed at food levels too low to stimulate males. Sensitivity differences in leg neurons of males vs females have no clear behavioral correlate, but suggest that females can orient to more dilute stimuli than males. Chemoreceptor neurons of fiddler crabs have low sensitivities and slow rates of adaptation compared to other crustaceans. Also, neurons in claws adapt less slowly than neurons in legs, which may reflect subtle differences in the chemical stimulus environment experienced by claws vs legs.
Saliva viscosity reflects the time of ovulation.

Chez les femmes la viscosite de la salive mise en relation avec la temperature du corps revele le temps de l'ovulation aussi bien que les phases variees du cycle menstrual.
The Effect of Fin Geometry on Design of Compact Off-Set Strip Fin High Temperature Heat Exchanger

This paper deals with the development of a three-dimensional numerical model to predict the overall performance of an advanced high temperature heat exchanger design, up to 1000°C, for the production of hydrogen by the sulfur iodine thermo-chemical cycle used in advanced nuclear reactor concepts. The design is an offset strip-fin, hybrid plate compact heat exchanger made from a liquid silicon impregnated carbon composite material. The two working fluids are helium gas and molten salt (Flinak). The offset strip-fin is chosen as a method of heat transfer enhancement due to the boundary layer restart mechanism between the fins that has a direct effect on heat transfer enhancement. The effects of the fin geometry on the flow field and heat transfer are studied in three-dimensions using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques. The pre-processor GAMBIT is used to create a computational mesh, and the CFD software package FLUENT that is based on the finite volume method is used to produce the numerical results. Fin dimensions need to be chosen that optimize heat transfer and minimize pressure drop. Comparison of the overall performance between two fin shapes (rectangular versus curved edges) is performed using computational fluid dynamics techniques. Fin and channel dimensions need to be chosen such as to optimize heat transfer performance and minimize pressure drop. The study is conducted with helium gas and liquid salt as the working fluids with a variety of Reynolds number values and fin dimensions. Both laminar and turbulent modeling is performed for the helium side fluid flow. The effect of the fin geometry is performed computational fluid dynamics techniques and optimization studies are performed. The model developed in this paper is used to investigate the heat exchanger design parameters in order to find an optimal design.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
A mesomechanics model of fatigue crack growth for nanoengineering applications

In this paper we present a model of a propagating fatigue crack based on energy dissipated within the process zone. This model heavily relies on the mesomechanical concepts applicable in the region immediately adjacent to the leading edge of the propagating crack. The model applied here, based on the cohesive crack concepts, seems to be a good approximation of the mesomechanical phenomena that govern nonlinear discrete deformation and fracture processes. The model suggests that the displacement just ahead of the crack tip is not zero, but it gradually approaches zero over a finite length, which measures the extent of the decohesion zone. Consequently, there is no singular stress at the crack tip. A certain distribution of the cohesive stress is used to model the finite stresses within highly nonlinear end zone preceding the crack. Such approach appears to be in agreement with Panin's concepts of the sequence of deformation and pre-fracture processes occurring at the mesomechanical level. Analytical methods such as a power law and an exponential law were used to describe high cycle and low cycle fatigue processes, respectively. Numerical values for the ratio of the upper plateau to the threshold level of the cyclic R-curve derived from Wnuk's “final stretch” model of subcritical crack propagation are provided. The relations derived here and based on the principles underlying mechanics of fracture at nanolevels, can be used as a bridge between continuum description of material response to fracture and the more fundamental, microstructural representation of material behavior.
Localization of isozyme forms of peroxidase in the cotton plant

Abstract Peroxidase activity was assayed in five organs of the cotton plant. Total activity was in the order: leaf > ovary wall (boll) > petiole > stem = root. Peroxidase isozymes were separated from extracts of the young leaf, mature leaf, stem, and boll, using acrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. Five isozymes were found in the cotton plant, a major one occurring in each of the organs examined. One isozyme was present only in the boll, and another only in leaves; two isozymes, not present in the young leaf, were present in the old leaf. Subcellular fractionation by differential centrifugation suggested that the cotton leaf peroxidase occurs primarily in the cytosol.
Numerical Simulation of a 65-Degree Delta-Wing Flowfield

Computations of the e ow over a 65-deg delta wing at an angle of attack of 30 deg and roll angles of 0 and 24 deg are presented. The unsteady, three-dimensional full Navier› Stokes equations are solved using a Beam› Warming implicit algorithm. The use of both block tridiagonal and diagonal inversion schemes with subiterations has been investigated. The effects of time-step size and grid resolution are also discussed. Computational results are compared with high-resolution particle image velocimetry measurements. Analysis of the structure of the vortex breakdown for the 24-deg roll case shows predominantly spiral-type breakdown occurring. Bubble-type breakdown is observed for short periods during transient upstream movements of the breakdown location. A distinguishing characteristic of the bubble breakdown is the existence of a three-dimensional stagnation point at the head of the breakdown region. The existence of this stagnation point provides the distinctive change in appearance between bubble and spiral breakdown.
Effects of an experimentally induced rhinovirus cold on sleep, performance, and daytime alertness

Abstract Study objectives: There is accumulating evidence that the common cold produces impairments in psychomotor vigilance. This has led some investigators to hypothesize that such illnesses may also have disruptive effects on sleep. While several self-report studies suggest that viral illness may influence sleep parameters, no studies have assessed polysomnographically recorded sleep following viral infections. Design: Parallel control group comparison. Setting: Sleep laboratory in a large urban medical center. Participants: Twenty-one men and women with susceptibility to the rhinovirus type 23. Interventions: Nasal inoculation with rhinovirus type 23. Measurements: Polysomnographically recorded sleep for five nights (2300–0700 h) post-viral inoculation. Twice daily (1030 and 1430 h) performance assessment during each experimental day using auditory vigilance and divided attention tasks. A multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) was performed daily for the duration of the study. Results: In symptomatic individuals, total sleep time decreased an average of 23 min, consolidated sleep decreased an average of 36 min, and sleep efficiency was reduced by an average of 5% during the active viral period (experimental days/nights 3–5) compared with the incubation period. Psychomotor performance was impaired. These changes were significantly greater than those observed in asymptomatic individuals. Conclusions: The common cold can have detrimental effects on sleep and psychomotor performance in symptomatic individuals during the initial active phase of the illness.
Formation and superconductivity of 1212-type phase TlSr2(Sr0.5R0.5)Cu2O7-δ with R=Sc, Y and lanthanides

Abstract Nominal samples TlSr 2 (Sr 0.5 R 0.5 )Cu 2 O x with R = Sc , Y and lanthanides, have been prepared, and investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis and resistance measurement. The sample with R = Y , Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, or Lu consists mainly of a tetragonal 1212-type phase TlSr 2 (Sr 0.5 R 0.5 )Cu 2 O 7- γ , and exhibits a superconducting transition at about 90 K. The sample with R = Ce forms a very pure 1212 phase, but is a semiconductor. The sample with R = Sc forms essentially a 1201 phase, and is a semiconductor. The sample of R = La consists of 1201 phase as its major phase and a 1212 phase as its minor phase, and shows two-step superconducting transitions at 40 K and 90 K. The results are discussed from the point of view of the average valence of Cu and the ionic size of the rare earth.
“Sunday start” multiphasic oral contraception: Ovulation prevention and delayed follicular atresia in primates

Abstract Utilization of the "sunday start" method for oral contraceptive therapy can result in the initiation of oral contraceptive administration as late as day 6 of the ovarian/menstrual cycle. Potentially, "breakthrough" ovulations could occur due to rapid follicular progression, especially if the dominant follicle is overtly established prior to the onset of estrogen-progestin administration. Here, we examined the efficacy of two new oral contraceptive regimens on potential "breakthrough" ovulations in the first cycle of treatment begun on cycle days 1 or 6 in cynomolgus monkeys having normal menstrual cycles. Our endocrine findings show that follicular recruitment, and probably selection of the dominant follicle, had occurred by day 6 of the follicular phase. Both oral contraceptive treatments (Loestrin 5/7/9 R , LoDose 5/7/9 R , Parke-Davis) were effective in blocking preovulatory-like gonadotropin and estradiol surges as well as luteal phase progesterone elevations, whether treatment was begun on day 1 or day 6 of the menstrual cycle. Despite hormonal evidence of significant maturational progression, oral contraceptive administration successfully blocked the completion of follicular maturation, thereby sustaining contraceptive reliability, even in the initial cycle of treatment using a "sunday start" regimen. Under these conditions, dissolution of the failed dominant follicle within ovarian stroma may be characterized by delayed follicular atresia. This research was supported in part by the CONRAD Program (a cooperating agency of the U.S. Agency for International Development) and Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research Division, Warner-Lambert Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48105
Characterization of differential transcript abundance through time during Nematostella vectensis development

Nematostella vectensis, a burrowing sea anemone, has become a popular species for the study of cnidarian development. In previous studies, the expression of a variety of genes has been characterized during N. vectensis development with in situ mRNA hybridization. This has provided detailed spatial resolution and a qualitative perspective on changes in expression. However, little is known about broad transcriptome-level patterns of gene expression through time. Here we examine the expression of N. vectensis genes through the course of development with quantitative RNA-seq. We provide an overview of changes in the transcriptome through development, and examine the maternal to zygotic transition, which has been difficult to investigate with other tools. We measured transcript abundance in N. vectensis with RNA-seq at six time points in development: zygote (2 hours post fertilization (HPF)), early blastula (7 HPF), mid-blastula (12 HPF), gastrula (24 HPF), planula (5 days post fertilization (DPF)) and young polyp (10 DPF). The major wave of zygotic expression appears between 7–12 HPF, though some changes occur between 2–7 HPF. The most dynamic changes in transcript abundance occur between the late blastula and early gastrula stages. More transcripts are upregulated between the gastrula and planula than downregulated, and a comparatively lower number of transcripts significantly change between planula and polyp. Within the maternal to zygotic transition, we identified a subset of maternal factors that decrease early in development, and likely play a role in suppressing zygotic gene expression. Among the first genes to be expressed zygotically are genes whose proteins may be involved in the degradation of maternal RNA. The approach presented here is highly complementary to prior studies on spatial patterns of gene expression, as it provides a quantitative perspective on a broad set of genes through time but lacks spatial resolution. In addition to addressing the problems identified above, our work provides an annotated matrix that other investigators can use to examine genes and developmental events that we do not examine in detail here.
A Pilot Study of a Brief Motivational Intervention to Enhance Parental Engagement: A Brief Report

Although research has shown that multi-systemic interventions (MSIs) improve youth psychosocial functioning, MSI dissemination has been hampered by low levels of parent participation. The current pilot project was designed to examine the effectiveness of a brief motivational interviewing (MI) protocol to increase parental engagement in an MSI for youth suspended from middle and high school. Preliminary findings suggest that parents who received brief MI were more likely to attend a parent-training workshop and reported greater satisfaction with the parenting workshops than parents who did not. Parents in the brief MI group also reported a relatively high level of satisfaction with the MI procedures. Implications for future research and MSIs are discussed.
Nuns Behaving Badly: Tales of Music, Magic, Art, and Arson in the Convents of Italy. By Craig A. Monson. (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2010. Pp. 241. $20.00.)

Many of us have been tempted to do it at some point. After years spent mining archives to explicate a text or further a scholarly argument, we get the urge to do what historians have always done, t...
Integrating biotinylated polyalkylthiophene thin films with biological macromolecules: biosensing organophosphorus pesticides and metal ions with surface immobilized alkaline phosphatase utilizing chemiluminescence measurements

We describe a methodology for immobilizing the enzyme alkaline phosphatase onto a glass surface using a novel biotinylated copolymer poly (3-undecylthiophene-co-3- thiophenecarboxaldehyde) 6-biotinamido hexanohydrazide attached hydrophobically to silanized glass. The biotin-streptavidin protein interaction is used to carry out this immobilization. Alkaline phosphatase catalyzes the dephosphorylation of a class of macrocyclic compounds: including CSPD {chloro 3-[4-methoxy spiro(1,2 dioxetane-3-2-trichloro-(3.3.1.1)-decan]-4 yl}phenyl phosphate to a product species which emits energy by chemiluminescence. We can detect this chemiluminescence signal with a photomultiplier tube for both enzymatic catalysis in solution and the surface immobilized enzyme (streptavidin conjugate). This enzyme is inhibited by the organophosphorus class of pesticides as well as nerve agents. The enzyme is also inhibited by Be(II), Bi(III) as well as excess Zn(II), while the apoenzyme is reactivated by Zn(II). We demonstrate in this study that two representative organophosphorus pesticides inhibit the enzymatic production of chemiluminescent products. This is true for the enzyme conjugate both free in solution and immobilized. We can detect pesticides down to about 50 ppb for the enzyme in solution and 500 ppb for surface immobilized enzyme in a 100 (mu) l capillary. Detection of Zn(II) by apoenzyme reactivation occurs down to 3 ppb. Be(II) and Bi(III) are detected by inhibition down to 1 ppm.
VANTAGE: A Lyapunov exponents based technique for identification of coherent groups of generators in power systems

Abstract Recent trends of deregulation and expansion in power systems have greatly increased their stress levels and hence, ensuring their safety has become a critical challenge. In the event of disturbances, detecting the groups of coherent generators is important to study the characteristics of the system. We propose VANTAGE, a Lyapuno v exponents b a sed tech n ique for iden t ific a tion of coherent g roups of g e nerators in power systems. VANTAGE performs time domain simulation of contingencies and uses this data to analyze rotor angle stability. VANTAGE offers an efficient algorithmic procedure for identification of coherent groups of generators using Lyapunov exponents method (LEM). VANTAGE does not require a priori estimation of number of groups of coherent generators. We evaluate VANTAGE using a 39-bus system and a 13029-bus system. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of VANTAGE in correctly identifying the coherent groups of generators.
Gender and the Electoral Opportunity Structure in the Canadian Provinces

We use multivariate analyses to test hypotheses concerning the elec toral opportunity structure for women across a twenty-year period of Canadian provincial elections. We find that party, political context, and social variables affect the likelihood that a woman is elected to a provin cial parliament. While similarities between U.S. state legislative elections and Canadian provincial elections are found, there are distinct differences across the two polities, especially concerning where women first made inroads in winning representation. While women first gained a beach- head in small amateur legislatures in rural states in the United States, in Canada they first won significant numbers of seats in metropolitan areas. We find there continues to be great differences across riding types with women doing much worse in rural ridings than either urban or metro politan ridings. The implications of these differences for redistricting are considered. Canadian courts have generally been sympathetic to plans that i...
Diagnostic and surgical management of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas.

Objective A retrospective review was conducted to compare magnetic resonance (MR) and conventional spinal angiographic images and to investigate the outcome of our treatment protocol for patients with spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs). Materials and methods Nine patients with a diagnosis of DAVF based on clinical myelopathy and preoperative MR imaging (MRI) and MR angiography (MRA) findings were treated at our institution by the senior author (BAG). All nine patients initially presented with progressive myelopathy. Preoperative MRI revealed T2-weighted signal abnormalities in all patients, and MRA was diagnostic in all patients. Each patient underwent a laminectomy and ligation of the arterialized draining vein. Selective spinal angiograms were used to confirm the level of fistula immediately before the surgical procedure was performed and to document complete obliteration after clip ligation of the medullary draining vein. Follow-up MRI and MRA were performed approximately 2 months postoperatively. Results MRI T2-weighted signal hyperintensity improved after surgery in all nine patients. Postoperatively, progression of motor weakness and gait difficulty was halted and some improvement was observed in all patients. No patient was neurologically normal, however. To date, there has been no clinical or MRA evidence of recurrence in any patient. Conclusion Preoperative MRA and intraoperative spinal x-ray angiography present as an effective combination for diagnosing and intraoperatively confirming DAVF. Both T1-weighted enhancement and T2-weighted signal hyperintensity on MR images improved after the obliteration of the DAVFs and correlated with clinical improvement in all nine patients. MRA provides adequate visualization and localization of spinal DAVFs and may serve as a useful noninvasive tool for diagnosing and following patients with spinal DAVFs in the future.
The Comparison of CAP Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy to Radiotherapy Alone for Resected Lung Cancer With Positive Margin or Involved Highest Sampled Paratracheal Node (Stage IIIA): LCSG 791

This study was conducted to determine the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on locally advanced resected non-small cell lung cancer. Anatomic eligibility requirements were either positive resection margins or tumor involvement of the highest sampled mediastinal lymph node. One hundred seventy-two patients were randomized to receive either postoperative thoracic irradiation alone or together with six cycles of CAP chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin). The chemotherapy arm showed significantly longer recurrence-free survival (p=0.004). This benefit accrued to patients with both nonsquamous (p=0.01) and squamous (p=0.08) cell carcinoma. At 1 year following randomization, there was a 14% difference in survival favoring the chemotherapy arm. Chemotherapy significantly reduced distant metastases. Median survival was 20 months for the chemotherapy arm and 13 months for the radiotherapy alone arm. The 2-year survival rate for the entire study population was 35%. Toxic reactions were primarily predictable hematologic, GI, and alopecia toxicity expected from CAP. Esophagitis was not a significant problem.
HIV infection and abnormal regional ventricular function

To examine the effect of HIV infection on regional left ventricular dysfunction in cardiovascularly asymptomatic individuals. Nineteen HIV-negative and 27 HIV-positive cardiovascularly asymptomatic study participants in Baltimore, Maryland were selected and underwent tagged cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Regional left ventricular myocardial mid-wall peak systolic circumferential strain (Ecc) and early diastolic strain rate (SRE) of the left ventricle were assessed with the use of the harmonic phase analysis. The average Ecc and SRE measurements were compared between HIV-negative and HIV-positive individuals. Compared with the HIV-negatives, the HIV-positives had lower average Ecc and SRE measurements in 90% of the 16 standard left ventricular segments. Of the 14 segments with decreased Ecc strain, 3 were statistically significant and of 14 with decreased strain rate (SRE), 6 were statistically significant. HIV infection may be associated with subclinical regional left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction in individuals free of overt cardiovascular disease.
Evidence for immune-complex formation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Abstract Immune complexes have been found in several chronic diseases of unknown aetiology and identification of the constituents of the complexes might lead to recognition of aetiological agents. Sera and renal tissues from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (A.L.S.) were studied for evidence of immune complexes. C1q precipitation testing demonstrated that sera from 10 of 25 patients with classic A.L.S. bound significantly more radiolabelled C1q than sera from 15 controls. In renal glomeruli studied for deposition of host 1gG, C3, fibrinogen, and albumin by means of direct immunofluorescence, 9 of 33 patients with A.L.S. (27 biopsy and 6 necropsy specimens) had moderate amounts of both IgG and C3 of granular appearance along the glomerular basement membrane and mesangia. This pattern of immunofluorescence is characteristic of immune complex deposits. Of these 9, 8 had rapidly progressive neurological courses, whereas among the remaining 18 patients with no evidence of immune-complex disease, 9 of 12 available for clinical follow-up had stable or slowly progressive courses.
Use of intranasal fentanyl in children undergoing myringotomy and tube placement during halothane and sevoflurane anesthesia.

Background Many children are restless, disoriented, and inconsolable immediately after bilateral myringotomy and tympanosotomy tube placement (BMT). Rapid emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia and postoperative pain may increase emergence agitation. The authors first determined serum fentanyl concentrations in a two-phase study of intranasal fentanyl. The second phase was a prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to determine the efficacy of intranasal fentanyl in reducing emergence agitation after sevoflurane or halothane anesthesia. Methods In phase 1, 26 children with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II who were scheduled for BMT received intranasal fentanyl, 2 microg/kg, during a standardized anesthetic. Serum fentanyl concentrations in blood samples drawn at emergence and at postanesthesia care unit (PACU) discharge were determined by radioimmunoassay. In phase 2, 265 children with ASA physical status I or II were randomized to receive sevoflurane or halothane anesthesia along with either intranasal fentanyl (2 microg/kg) or saline. Postoperative agitation, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) scores, and satisfaction of PACU nurses and parents with the anesthetic technique were evaluated. Results In phase 1, the mean fentanyl concentrations at 10 +/- 4 min (mean +/- SD) and 34 +/- 9 min after administering intranasal fentanyl were 0.80 +/- 0.28 and 0.64 +/- 0.25 ng/ml, respectively. In phase 2, the incidence of severe agitation, highest CHEOPS scores, and heart rate in the PACU were decreased with intranasal fentanyl. There were no differences between sevoflurane and halothane in these measures and in times to hospital discharge. The incidence of postoperative vomiting, hypoxemia, and slow respiratory rates were not increased with fentanyl. Conclusions Serum fentanyl concentrations after intranasal administration exceed the minimum effective steady state concentration for analgesia in adults. The use of intranasal fentanyl during halothane or sevoflurane anesthesia for BMT is associated with diminished postoperative agitation without an increase in vomiting, hypoxemia, or discharge times.
Irradiation of meningioma: A prototype circumscribed tumor for planning high-dose irradiation of the brain

Abstract The purpose of this report is to provide specific data concerning the radiation dose required to destroy meningioma, and to demonstrate that radiation doses much greater than the alleged tolerance dose, can be administered to the brain in some patients. Most meningiomas are not responsive to irradiation, but, some surgically incurable lesions benefit from irradiation with radically high doses to small volumes of tissue. The arrest of 7 of 12 consecutive meningiomas in adults for periods of 2–17 years following maximum tumor doses up to 8800 R in 40 days is reported in this paper. All patients, when irradiated, had active tumor in the form of inoperable primary tumor, recurrence or known postoperative residual tumor. Three of the successful results were achieved with orthovoltage radiation. The incidence of brain damage may be acceptable to the patient when it is related to arrest of tumor growth but he must be forewarned of possible brain damage. The factors influencing the radioresponsiveness of meningioma are: the required tumor lethal dose, histology and vascularity of the tumor, anatomical site in the brain, treatment technique for each tumor site, small size of the treated volume, growth rate of the tumor, displacement of normal brain tissue by tumor, inherent individual variations of tumor and normal tissues, quality of the radiation, and tolerance of normal brain tissues. The role of these factors is discussed in the light of modern radiobiological concepts.
Comparison of the clinical effectiveness of an electric and a standard toothbrush in normal individuals

This investigation was supported by Research Grant D-646(C3) from the National Institute of Dental Re­ search, U .S . Public Health Service. *Research Fellow in periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine. fAssistant professor of periodontology, Tufts Uni­ versity School of Dental Medicine. {Research professor of oral pathology; professor and chairman, department of periodontology, Tufts Univer­ sity School of Dental Medicine.
Ligand influence on metal aggregation: a unique bonding mode for pyridylpyrrolides.

The synthesis and characterization of a CuI complex with a cis-bidentate monoanionic nitrogenous ligand, 2-pyridylpyrrolide, L, is reported. This shows binding of one base B = MeCN or CO per copper in a species LCu(B), but this readily releases the volatile ligand under vacuum with aggregation of transient LCu to a mixture of two enantiomers of a chiral trimer: a zwitterion containing inequivalent CuI centers, possible via a new bonding mode of pyridylpyrrolide, and one with nitrogen lone pairs donating to two different metals. Density functional theory calculations show the energetics of both ligand binding and aggregation (including dimer and monomer alternatives), as well as the ability of this ligand to rotate away from planarity to accommodate a bridging structural role. The trimer serves as a synthon for the simple fragment LCu.
HYPOTHALAMIC UNIT ACTIVITY. I. VISCERAL AND SOMATIC INFLUENCES.

Abstract 1. 1. In sixteen acute experiments the firing rates of single units within hypothalamic and ventral thalamic structures were analyzed during individual and paired visceral and somatic stimulation. Visceral stimulation involved distention of the urinary bladder. Somatic stimulation consisted of electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve, adjusted to minimize A-delta and C fiber volleys. Responses to auditory and visual stimuli were also noted. 2. 2. Thirty per cent of the units responded to bladder distention and 35 per cent to sciatic stimulation. During these stimuli, a reduction in firing rate was encountered nearly as frequently as an augmentation in rate. Ipsilateral sciatic stimulation exerted as strong an effect as contralateral stimulation on units within both ventral thalamic nuclei and the hypothalamus. 3. 3. Anterior and ventral posterior hypothalamic units were not as responsive to visceral and somatic stimuli as were dorsal posterior hypothalamic and ventral thalamic units. The pattern of response of the majority of ventral thalamic units was similar to that of the hypothalamic units. Few units, dispersed widely through the hypothalamus, were responsive to visual and auditory stimuli. 4. 4. Over 80 per cent of the units that responded to bladder distention also responded to sciatic stimulation or their firing rate during bladder distention was modified by simultaneous sciatic stimulation.
A parallelization of adaptive task partitioning algorithms

Abstract An adaptive task partitioning scheme for MIMD architectures is investigated. For many serial adaptive procedures this methodology provides a direct translation into reasonably efficient parallel versions. A proto-type of a two-dimensional integration method has been implemented in this manner. This was facilitated by using a set of high-level macros, layered over the Argonne macro package, which provides the primitives in the adaptive partitioning scheme. Because of the portable nature of the Argonne macro package our code should be readily ported to other MIMD machines with shared memory. A version of the macros for other MIMD architectures is also possible.
Self-administration of cocaine and nicotine mixtures by rhesus monkeys

Rationale The concurrent use of cocaine and nicotine is associated with increases in their relative rates of intake. While this increase could be due to a high reinforcing effect of the drug combination, higher rates of intake could also be explained by a decrease in the drugs’ relative reinforcing effects.
Parting Is Such Sweet Sorrow

I have two parting messages to convey in this essay: One is summing up the special issue “The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology,” and the other is closing out my editorial tenure f...
Direct Suppression of Stat1 Function during Adenoviral Infection

Abstract The action of adenoviral E1A oncoprotein on host immune-response genes has been attributed to interaction with p300/CBP-type transcriptional coactivators in competition with endogenous transcription factors such as signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins. However, we show that mutant forms of E1A that no longer bind p300/CBP can still interact directly with Stat1 (via E1A N-terminal and Stat1 C-terminal residues) and block IFNγ-driven, Stat1-dependent gene activation and consequent function during early-phase infection in the natural host cell. The results provide a distinct and more specific mechanism for E1A-mediated immune suppression and an alternative model of IFNγ-driven enhanceosome formation that may allow for other adaptors (in addition to p300/CBP) to link Stat1 to the basal transcription complex.
Debunking the Fear of Peer Review: Combining Supervision and Evaluation and Living to Tell About It

Scholars have argued that combining supervision and evaluation is a conflict of interest that will damage the coaching process. Peer assistance and review (PAR) is an approach to the supervision and evaluation of teachers that runs counter to this argument, as the coach charged with providing professional support to a new or struggling veteran teacher also plays a formal role in that teacher’s summative personnel evaluation. This article presents data from a study of one urban school district in California as it implemented a PAR program, asking: (1) To what degree do PAR mentees trust their coaches, who conduct both formative and summative assessments? (2) How do PAR mentees who do not trust their coaches differ from those who do? Mentees’ trust in their coaches was a point and a half higher than their lack of trust in their coaches, as self-reported on a 4-point Likert scale. Those mentees who did not report a high degree of trust in their coaches were low-performing mentees.
Temperature Dependence of the Weak Ferromagnetic Moment of Hematite

A recent proposal by Searle and Dean, which ascribes the anomalous temperature dependence of the weak ferromagnetic moment of hematite to a large temperature-dependent inclination of the antiferromagnetic axis out of the basal plane above the Morin temperature, is demonstrated to be incompatible with M\"ossbauer data. Some possible explanations of this effect are noted.
Framing the game: Assessing the impact of cultural representations on consumer perceptions of legitimacy.

The purpose of this article is to understand how media frames affect consumer judgments of legitimacy. Because frames exist on the sociocultural and individual level, our research takes a multimethod approach to this question. On the sociocultural level, we conduct a content analysis of operant media frames for discussing online gambling and perform an event analysis, finding that a shift in consumer judgments follows an abrupt shift in frame. Then, on the individual level, the causal mechanism for these shifts is investigated in an experimental setting using the Implicit Association Test (IAT). These experiments show that framing affects normative legitimacy judgments by changing implicit associations. Further, users and nonusers respond differently to frame elements, with users favoring an established frame and nonusers favoring a novel, legitimating frame. This suggests that media frames play a critical role in establishing legitimacy at the sociocultural level and that framing potentially bridges cognitive and normative legitimacy.
Occurrence of glutaminase in Endamoeba histolytica.

THE existence of glutaminase in bacteria has been demonstrated1–3. However, to our knowledge no work has been done on other micro-organisms such as Protozoa. Little is known on the enzymatic make-up of Endamoeba histolytica 4. Recently, proteolytic enzymes were demonstrated in the amoebae5. Since a method became available for obtaining large quantities of bacteria-free amoebae6,7an investigation was undertaken to study the glut-amine hydrolysing enzyme in this organism.
Chemometrical examination of active parameters and interactions in flow injection-capillary electrophoresis†

The first detailed examination of flow injection-capillary electrophoresis (FI-CE) active parameters and their interactions via response surface methodology (RSM) is presented. Specifically, RSM in the form of a Box-Behnken design was implemented to effectively predict the significance of capillary length, voltage and injection volume on the optimization of an in-house built FI-CE analyzer. Initial studies were performed assessing peak height and peak shape of the model compound N,N-dimethylformamide. Optimum model conditions were then derived and used in the model separation of two small molecules, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form (NADH) and benzenesulfonamide. By implementing the RSM approach, detailed examination of active FI-CE parameters was possible, including the ability to reveal a significant interactive effect. This work is not only highly significant for advancing FI-CE developments, but instructive for investigators actively exploring other coupled analytical techniques and associated experimental parameters.
The Acute Effects of Pneumonectomy on Pulmonary Vascular Impedance in the Dog

Pulmonary vascular impedance is a measure of the pulsatile characteristic of pressure and flow that occurs in the proximal pulmonary arteries. Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is most influenced by the distal circulation of the lung. This study was performed to evaluate the changes that occurred in pulmonary vascular impedance, as well as in other hemodynamic variables, following pneumonectomy by a closed-chest method in 10 anesthetized dogs. The following observations were made (numbers compare mean values for the 10 dogs before and after pneumonectomy): (1) PVR increased from 447 to 761 dyne sec cm-5 (p = .02); (2) the oscillatory work of the right ventricle increased from 1.23 to 1.76 J/min (p = .006); (3) the mean pulmonary artery pressure increased from 14 to 18.8 mm Hg (p = .0001); and (4) cardiac output and heart rate remained unchanged. Surprisingly, the estimated characteristic impedance (the impedance to oscillatory flow in the proximal bed) did not change significantly (279 to 296 dyne sec cm-5). This observation cannot be explained by the usual lumped compartmental models classically used to characterize the pulmonary vascular bed.
A mechanism for progressive rock mass failure as revealed by loess slumps

Abstract Detailed study of slumping along nearly vertical cuts in loess has helped clarify progressive failure in cohesive materials. The mechanics appears to be basic to rock undergoing slope failure, arch formation, subsidence, or tunnel and pillar slabbing. The slumping occurs as a series of slabs breaking away from the slope mass as a result of weakening at the toe. Each slab is bounded by tensile fractures that form a relatively simple family of surfaces arranged shell-like around the weakened zone. It is concluded that this family of surfaces represents trajectories of the θ 1 - θ 2 plane at the instant of failure. A second set of curved fractures arranged orthogonally to the first may represent θ 1 - θ 3 trajectories. Simultaneously with tensile fracturing, a shear fracture develops dipping out of the slope along one of a family of shear stress plane trajectories. Fractures start adjacent to the weakened zone where compressive stress is high, strength is low, and lateral confinement is reduced. Similar features are found in rock, and implications are far-reaching in the field of rock mechanics. In arching, rock in the back of a tunnel is prone to cave up to a limiting arched surface, which is a θ 1 - θ 2 trajectory. Rock beyound is metastable until its lateral support or strength deteriorates and the limit shifts to another trajectory farther out. When the limiting trajectory has progressed outward to the ground surface, the phenomenon of subsidence takes place. In strong rocks, the limiting surface follows θ 1 - θ 2 trajectories directly above the sides of the excavation; in weak material it diverges upward and outward from the excavation along shear stress trajectories.
Urban data banks and the rights of the individual

Abstract America has traditionally been regarded as the “land of the second chance” but we appear to be on the brink, inadvertently, of changing our open society into a system in which our mistakes follow us forever. Moreover, through the personally identifiable information sharing aspect of our data banks we are creating critical problems for the most helpless members of our society—the young and the poor! Careful analysis of this problem suggests the creation of specific privacy safeguards through both Federal legislation and further professionalization of computer practitioners.
The variable X-ray spectrum of Cyg XR-1

The variability of the X-ray spectrum of the discrete source Cyg XR-1 (α = 19h 56m δ = +35°.1) is reviewed. The variations observed in the energy region accessible to balloon borne detectors (energies greater than 20 keV) can be explained by assuming them to be caused by the eclipsing properties of a binary system. It is suggested that the system is composed of a source of small angular extent having a spectrum similar to that of a black body at approximately 1.5 × 108 K (kT= 12.5 keV) and a non X-radiating companion which eclipses it at intervals of 2.9850 days. The system would be surrounded by an X-radiating plasma whose photon flux between 1 and 100 keV can be approximated by a power law spectrum whose exponent is — 1.7.
Integrated inventory pooling for firms servicing both on-line and store demand

The use of local store inventory for both in-store and on-line fulfillment can be preferable to the central warehousing of on-line stock in certain scenarios. Part of this appeal comes from the availability of various decentralized neighboring stores as sources for the on-line fulfillment of any given order. In this study, a range of substitute-inventory availability scenarios for these systems are simulated, under the assumption that transshipments to support in-store demand are not possible and the fulfillment of in-store demand is always a priority relative to on-line orders at a given site. Meta-models are used to summarize the dependency of performance measures on experimental factors and ultimately form the backbone for service constrained non, linear optimization. The findings show that there is a limit to which reductions in coordination costs for on-line source substitution and associated inventory availability decisions can provide benefit. This limit is influenced by both the proportion of the market managed through on-line sales and the service level constraints in place for both on-line and in-store channels.
Interscalene anesthesia for shoulder arthroscopy in a community-sized military hospital

The first 100 consecutive shoulder arthroscopic procedures performed under interscalene anesthesia at a small community-sized military hospital are the basis of this report. This method of anesthesia was compared with 100 shoulder arthroscopies performed in a previous 2-year time period under general anesthesia. A variety of arthroscopic and subsequent open reconstructive procedures about the shoulder were performed using both techniques. Using the interscalene method, 87 regional blocks were entirely successful. Thirteen patients required conversion to general anesthesia for adequate pain control; however, 4 of these had a complete block in the recovery room and required no postoperative narcotics. Seven patients required supplementation with local anesthetic when an open procedure became necessary. There were no major complications. Minor complications included 5 patients with transient Horner's syndrome, 4 patients who experienced anxiety, which was controlled with sedation, and 3 with nausea or pruritus. Interscalene anesthesia provided excellent intraoperative and postoperative analgesia with low morbidity. On a subsequent questionnaire, all patients with a successful block reported that they were extremely satisfied with their experience. Ten patients who had previous shoulder surgery under general anesthesia preferred the interscalene method. In summary, interscalene anesthesia proved to be an excellent method of anesthesia for shoulder arthroscopy. The technique is reproducible within the resources available in most community-level hospitals.