cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Absolute frequency comb comparisons and the measurement of optical atomic clock transitions

We present agreement in the measurement of optical clock transition frequencies using two independent optical frequency combs to sub-millihertz levels and discuss experiments to improve the measurement instability via coherent atomic clock spectroscopy.
Efficacy of Clobazam as Add-on AED in Partial Onset Seizures Management (P4.267)

Objective: To study the effectiveness of CLB as an Add-on AED in treatment of medically refractory POS. Background: In spite of several new antiepileptic drugs (AED), over 30% of the patients with partial onset seizures (POS) remain medically refractory. Clobazam (CLB) is approved by FDA for treatment of seizures in patients with Lennox Gestaut syndrome (LGS). It is approved and being used in other countries for other type of seizures including POS. However, the efficacy of CLB as an Add-on AED in treatment of POS was never studied in the US. Design/Methods: In our retrospective chart review, all patients who were started on CLB during years 2006 – 2015 were included in the study. The patients with diagnosis of LGS or primary generalized epilepsy and/or lack follow-up information was excluded. In all qualifying patients the Age, Sex, Race, seizure duration, etiology, seizure frequency, dose of AEDs, introduction of a new AED, side effects of AED at each time point of 3 months, 6 months and 1 year were noted. The efficacy was tabulated as reduction in seizure frequency from the baseline; 90% reduction or seizure free. Results: Of the 47 patients, the 50% responder rate was 50%, 60% and 45% at 3 month, 6 month and 1 yr. Greater than 90% seizure reduction was in 15%, 10%, 20% at 3 month, 6 month and 1 yr. Seizure freedom was achieved in 10%, 15%, 10% at 3 month, 6 month and 1 yr. Conclusions: Clobazam as an Add-on AED is effective in patients with medically refractory partial onset seizures. Further analyses comparing the efficacy of other AEDs may predict the Add-on medication with better efficacy and potential effective medication regimens in controlling POS. Disclosure: Dr. Shah has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yarraguntla has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zutshi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Basha has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bathe has nothing to disclose.
Dynamic Recommendations for Sequential Hiring Decisions in Online Labor Markets

Online labor markets facilitate transactions between employers and a diverse set of independent contractors around the globe. When making hiring decisions in these markets, employers have to assess a large and heterogeneous population of contractors. Because many of the contractors' characteristics are latent, employers often make risky decisions that end up in negative outcomes. In this work, we address this issue by proposing a framework for recommending contractors who are likely to get hired and successfully complete the task at hand. We start our analysis by acknowledging that employers' hiring behavior dynamically evolves with time; Employers learn to choose contractors according to the outcomes of their previously completed tasks. To capture this dynamic evolution, we propose a structured Hidden Markov Model that explicitly models task outcomes through the employers' evolution. We build and evaluate the proposed framework on a dataset of real online hiring decisions. We then compare our approach with a set of previously proposed static algorithms and we show that our proposed framework provides up to 24% improved recommendations. We conclude by discussing the positive impact that such better recommendations of candidates can have on employers, contractors, and the market itself.
Theory of Adsorption in Micropores

Abstract We test three theories for adsorption and capillary condensation in pores against computer simulation results. They are the Kelvin equation, and two forms of density functional theory, the local density approximation (LDA) and the (nonlocal) smoothed density approximation (SDA); all three theories are of potential use in determining pore size distributions for mesoporous solids, while the LDA and SDA can also be applied to microporous materials and to surface area determination. The SDA is found to be the most accurate theory, and has a much wider range of validity than the other two. The SDA is used to study the adsorption of methane and methane-ethane mixtures on models of porous carbon in which the pores are slit-shaped. We find that an optimum pore size and gas pressure exists that maximizes the excess adsorption for methane. For methane-ethane mixtures we show the variation of selectivity with pore size and temperature.
Tree of Minimal Length (MINSPT)

This chapter presents an algorithm for generating tree of minimum length. It discusses the problem in which n cities are to be interconnected by a communications network by connecting certain pairs of cities, and where the network is to be as short as possible. This is one of the pleasant mathematical situations in which a method as “greedy” as possible at each step turns out also to be optimal. The algorithm described in this chapter delivers the shortest interconnection in O ( n 2 ) running time. In any given interconnecting network, if a closed path exists, then an edge can be removed without disconnecting the network. Hence, the connection of minimum length will be a tree that spans the n given points (that is, visits all of them). The algorithm itself is recursive.
Shape-similarity-based retrieval in image databases

Shape similarity queries involve retrieval of shapes (or images containing shapes) similar to a given query shape. In this paper the central issues to be resolved in the design of a shape similarity-based retrieval approach are discussed. Two different techniques for similar shape retrieval are presented.
Lymphocyte Response In Diabetes Mellitus

During the past decade evidence has accumulated to suggest that the immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Type I), which appears to be pathogenically a distinct disorder from insulin-independent diabetes (Type II). Studies in experimental animals have further suggested the role of lymphocytes and their subsets in the pathogenesis of Type I diabetes. It would be appropriate to discuss lymphocytes in general before discussing lymphocytes in diabetes mellitus.
Utinam Avum Tuum Meminisses! Threats and Allusions in the First Philippic

In sections 34-35 of the First Philippic , Cicero makes a powerful threat against Antony by engaging in allusive role-play that makes dual use of Marcus Antonius orator as an exemplum . Cicero first declares himself Antonius to Antony’s Cinna, thus acknowledging the limitations of rhetoric in the face of violence and indicating that he is prepared to accept a martyr’s role. Second, Cicero invites conflation of himself with Marius/Cinna and Antony to his grandfather Antonius, thereby declaring that Cicero had decided to oppose Antony and work towards Antony’s destruction. This role-play represents not only a powerful warning to Antony, but also a sign of Cicero’s change in attitude towards Antony, an attitudinal change reinforced by Cicero’s wordplay on reversio . The allusive threats in sections 34-35 also indicate that Cicero had decided by no later than 2 September 44, and not with the dissemination of the Second Philippic , that there would be no reconciliation between himself and Antony.
Diagnostic Performance of Receptor-Specific Surgical Specimen Staining Correlates with Receptor Expression Level

Intraoperative margin assessment is imperative to cancer cure but is a continued challenge to successful surgery. Breast conserving surgery is a relevant example, where a cosmetically improved outcome is gained over mastectomy, but re-excision is required in >25 % of cases due to positive or closely involved margins. Clinical translation of margin assessment modalities that must directly contact the patient or required administered contrast agents are time consuming and costly to move from bench to bedside. Tumor resections provide a unique surgical opportunity to deploy margin assessment technologies including contrast agents on the resected tissues, substantially shortening the path to the clinic. However, staining of resected tissues is plagued by nonspecific uptake. A ratiometric imaging approach where matched targeted and untargeted probes are used for staining has demonstrated substantially improved biomarker quantification over staining with conventional targeted contrast agents alone. Our group has developed an antibody-based ratiometric imaging technology using fluorescently labeled, spectrally distinct targeted and untargeted antibody probes termed dual-stain difference specimen imaging (DDSI). Herein, the targeted biomarker expression level and pattern are evaluated for their effects on DDSI diagnostic potential. Epidermal growth factor receptor expression level was correlated to DDSI diagnostic potential, which was found to be robust to spatial pattern expression variation. These results highlight the utility of DDSI for accurate margin assessment of freshly resected tumor specimens.
Strategies for Efficient Experimental Design in Studies Probing 2-1-1 Mediation.

When well-implemented, mediation analyses play a critical role in probing theories of action because their results help lay the ground work for the critical development of a treatment and the itera...
A Luneburg Lens for the THz Region

We implement a two-dimensional Luneburg lens for the THz region using a waveguide-based artificial-dielectric technology. The lens can focus an approximately 2-cm diameter input beam at 0.162 THz to a spot size of 3.4 mm.© 2019 The Author(s)
RNA Secondary Structure Prediction

In this Chapter two neural network models are used for solving RNA secondary structure prediction problems. One is for solving the maximum independent set problem and is slightly modified for predicting the RNA secondary structure. The other is modified from the graph planarization algorithm discussed in Chapter 4 and it takes advantage of molecular thermodynamics using a part of Tinoco‘s model. Both simulators were developed on a Macintosh machine, an HP Apollo 3500 workstation, and DEC 3100 workstations. A large number of simulation runs have been performed to test the proposed parallel algorithms and to observe the behavior of the proposed system. The simulation results demonstrated that the proposed parallel algorithms are promising and worthwhile for practical use. This Chapter is based on a paper published in IEEE Trans, on Neural Networks (Takefuji et al 1990b), a paper published in Biological Cybernetics (Takefuji, Lin, and Lee 1990a), and a paper published in Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing (Takefuji 1991).
New Technologies-Adopting and Leading Your Hospital in Innovation

A young surgeon’s success vitally depends on building a robust clinical practice. In this chapter, we will focus on the adoption of new technologies for surgeons and how surgeons can best lead their hospitals to invest in innovation wisely. While there is no magic formula and little data to guide surgeons in the subtle art of communication with hospital leadership, this chapter will focus on foundational principles that produce positive outcomes. This approach focuses on quality care delivered to the patient by the health system, including trainees, and appropriate partnership with industry.
Zygomatic air cells in connection with Luc's abscess.

Abstract Introduction An uncommon complication of Acute Otitis Media (AOM) is a subperiosteal temporal infection known as Luc's abscess. Zygomatic air cells (ZACs) are an uncommon anatomic variant. Case series Two otherwise healthy male patients, aged six- and thirteen years-old presented with unilateral otalgia, swelling, trismus, and fever. Imaging revealed Luc's abscess near ZACs. Antibiotics, drainage and myringotomy tubes resulted in a full recovery. Conclusion In addition to the spread of soft tissue infection through the Notch of Rivinus, the presence of ZACs may provide a pathway for suppurative effusion and development into Luc's abscess.
The Efficacy of Telehealth for the Treatment of Spinal Disorders: Patient-Reported Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

BackgroundThe use of telehealth saw a rapid surge during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. There remains little data on how effectively telehealth replicates traditional office visits in t...
Partitioning declarative programs into communicating processes

The Process-Oriented Dataflow System (PODS) is an execution model that combines the von Neumann and dataflow models of computation to gain the benefits of each. Central to PODS is the concept of array distribution and its effects on partitioning and mapping processes. The authors present and discuss the results of executing the classic matrix multiply algorithm (with 1024 data points) on a PODS simulator. The key result is that PODS can take advantage of the parallelism in matrix multiply using a simple automated partitioning scheme.
Bilateral Retinal Detachments in a Healthy 22-year-old Woman After Moderna SARS-COV-2 Vaccination.

Background Although uncommon, retinal detachments are medically urgent and can result in permanent vision loss if untreated. Bilateral retinal detachments in healthy individuals are even more rare. In addition, there are no cases to date of retinal detachment associated with either coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or after receiving the Moderna (mRNA-1273) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine. Case report A 22-year-old woman with myopia but no ocular trauma or other major medical history presented to the emergency department with 5 days of progressive, painless vision loss in her right eye. On examination, her visual acuity with corrective lenses was 20/70 in the right eye, 20/20 in the left eye, and 20/25 with both eyes open. Point-of-care ultrasound of the eye showed a retinal detachment in the right eye. She was subsequently seen by ophthalmology and diagnosed with bilateral retinal detachments (macula off in the right, macula on in the left), despite being asymptomatic in her left eye. She underwent bilateral vitrectomies for simultaneous rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. Although the patient denied any preceding trauma, she did note having received her second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine 10 days before the onset of symptoms.Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? We present a rare and unusual case of simultaneous bilateral retinal detachments in a healthy, young woman with no major medical history or medications. She received the COVID-19 vaccine a few days prior. Our case outlines a possible association with the vaccine and emphasizes the importance of ultrasonography in diagnosing time-sensitive medical conditions.
Selfconsistent random phase approximation methods

This Perspective reviews recent efforts toward selfconsistent calculations of ground-state energies within the random phase approximation (RPA) in the (generalized) Kohn–Sham (KS) density functional theory context. Since the RPA correlation energy explicitly depends on the non-interacting KS potential, an additional condition to determine the energy as a functional of the density is necessary. This observation leads to the concept of functional selfconsistency (FSC), which requires that the KS density equals the interacting density defined as the functional derivative of the ground-state energy with respect to the external potential. While all existing selfconsistent RPA schemes violate FSC, the recent generalized KS semicanonical projected RPA (GKS-spRPA) method takes a step toward satisfying it. This leads to systematic improvements in densities, binding energy curves, reference state stability, and molecular properties compared to non-selfconsistent RPA as well as optimized effective potential RPA. GKS-spRPA orbital energies accurately approximate valence and core ionization potentials, and even electron affinities of non-valence bound anions. The computational cost and performance of GKS-spRPA are compared to those of related selfconsistent schemes, including GW and orbital optimization methods, and limitations are discussed. Large differences between KS and interacting densities observed in the absence of FSC and the well-rounded performance of GKS-spRPA suggest that the KS potential as a density functional should be defined via the FSC condition for explicitly potential-dependent density functionals.
Cruel Timing: Retroactive Application of State Criminal Procedural Rules to Direct Appeals

In 1987, the Supreme Court held that the Constitution requires federal and state courts to retroactively apply all new federal-constitutional rules of criminal procedure to direct appeals of convictions. Since then, the Court has not addressed whether the U.S. Constitution also requires state courts to retroactively apply new criminal procedure rules derived from state law on direct review. This issue is particularly significant because state jurisdictions prosecute the overwhelming majority of criminal cases in the United States. Most state courts have continued using a type of case-specific retroactivity analysis that usually leads them to reject retroactive application of new state rules to direct appeals. So the extent of a new criminal procedural rule’s retroactive effect, and potentially the result of a defendant’s appeal, is tied to the source of the new rule: federal or state law. This Note examines the Supreme Court’s retroactivity jurisprudence and assesses the different approaches state courts have taken in determining whether to retroactively apply new state rules to direct appeals. Ultimately, this Note argues that the Due Process Clause requires state courts to retroactively apply all new procedural rules, whether derived from federal or state law, to direct appeals of convictions, because failure to do so results in unequal treatment of similarly situated defendants.
Worst-case analysis of the perceptron and exponentiated update algorithms

Abstract The absolute loss is the absolute difference between the desired and predicted outcome. This paper demonstrates worst-case upper bounds on the absolute loss for the Perception learning algorithm and the Exponentiated Update learning algorithm, which is related to the Weighted Majority algorithm. The bounds characterize the behavior of the algorithms over any sequence of trials, where each trial consists of an example and a desired outcome interval (any value in the interval is an acceptable outcome). The worst-case absolute loss of both algorithms is bounded by: the absolute loss of the best linear function in a comparison class, plus a constant dependent on the initial weight vector, plus a per-trial loss. The per-trial loss can be eliminated if the learning algorithm is allowed a tolerance from the desired outcome. For concept learning, the worst-case bounds lead to mistake bounds that are comparable to past results.
Evaluating Evaluators: A Case Study in Understanding the Benefits and Pitfalls of Multi-Evaluator Modeling

Emotion perception is a complex process, often measured using stimuli presentation experiments that query evaluators for their perceptual ratings of emotional cues. These evaluations contain large amounts of variability both related and unrelated to the evaluated utterances. One approach to handling this variability is to model emotion perception at the individual level. However, the perceptions of specific users may not adequately capture the emotional acoustic properties of an utterance. This problem can be mitigated by the common technique of averaging evaluations from multiple users. We demonstrate that this averaging procedure improves classification performance when compared to classification results from models created using individualspecific evaluations. We also demonstrate that the performance increases are related to the consistency with which evaluators label data. These results suggest that the acoustic properties of emotional speech are better captured using models formed from averaged evaluations rather than from individual-specific evaluations.
A Digital Computer Simulation for Spark-Ignited Engine Cycles

A comprehensive cycle analysis has been developed for four-stroke spark-ignited engines from which the indicated performance of a single cylinder engine was computed. The step-wise cycle calculations were made using a digital computer. This analysis took into account mixture composition, dissociation, combustion chamber shape (including spark plug location), flame propagation, heat transfer, piston motion, engine speed, spark advance, manifold pressure and temperature, and exhaust pressure.
Biocompatible Alginate Microgel Particles as Heteronucleants and Encapsulating Vehicles for Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Drugs

Biocompatible materials that can control crystallization while carrying large amounts of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with diverse chemical properties are in demand in industrial practice. In this study, we investigate the utility of biocompatible alginate (ALG) hydrogels as a rational material for crystallizing and encapsulating model APIs that present drastically different solubilities in water. Acetaminophen (ACM) and fenofibrate (FEN) are utilized as the model hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties, respectively. ALG hydrogels with different ALG concentrations (hence different mesh sizes) are utilized as heteronucleants to control the nucleation kinetics of ACM from solution. ALG hydrogels with smaller mesh sizes showed faster nucleation kinetics. We hypothesize that this behavior is due to the interplay between the polymer–solute interactions and the mesh-induced confinement effects. The loading of ACM into hydrogels by equilibrium partitioning is quantified and found to be inversely propor...
Hippocampal Volume and Cardiovascular Risk Using the QRISK2 Prediction Tool in Cognitively Normal Elderly

Introduction: The Institute of Medicine workforce report titled “In Whose Hands?” highlights there will never be enough specialists to care for a growing older population. Task shifting, or task sharing, is an increasingly popular topic in global mental health that describes the rational reallocation of resources to effectively treat mental health conditions in low resource areas. Task shifting was originally studied in global HIV/AIDS treatment but is increasingly discussed in global mental health including mental health services for older adults in the U.S. Methods: We conducted a review of the current literature on task shifting / sharing activities in rural areas of the U.S. where many older adults reside. The review included a search of PubMed for terms related to task shifting and rural mental health. A review of the grey literature and outreach to experts in the field enhance this review as much of the literature on task shifting in mental health is not yet published in peer reviewed journals. In reviewing articles we excluded those with a telehealth focus if they did not include sharing care tasks among a team of providers. Results: Findings focused on models of care in rural areas that involve sharing of tasks telemental health (e.g. with a primary care team), work involving community health workers, and Collaborative Care for common mental disorders. Technology may or may not be involved in the delivery of care in these rural areas. These efforts in task sharing in rural mental health can improve access and quality to care while altering the patient experience of care. Risks and unintended consequences in task shifting care however were seldom discussed. The importance of partnering with communities in these task shifting strategies however was highlighted. Conclusions: Task sharing holds potential in rural and low resource areas of the U.S., in particular for the care of a growing older adult population. We prefer the term task sharing as in many rural areas there is a lack of providers to shift tasks from and providers must rely on strategies to share tasks. Substantial gaps in the literature on task shifting / sharing remain. We recommend some key research questions and future directions for research in this important area.
Modified bovine serum albumin. V. Immunochemical and other studies of bovine serum albumin, after precipitation with trichloroacetic acid and solution in ethanol

Abstract A derivative of bovine serum albumin obtained by precipitation with trichloroacetic acid and solution in ethanol was identical with the native protein in its immunochemical character and in its elimination pattern in rabbits. Tryptic hydrolysis studies, however, indicate that slight structural changes may have taken place in the derivative.
Atp7a determines a hierarchy of copper metabolism essential for notochord development

The critical developmental and genetic requirements of copper metabolism during embryogenesis are unknown. Utilizing a chemical genetic screen in zebrafish, we identified small molecules that perturb copper homeostasis. Our findings reveal a role for copper in notochord formation and demonstrate a hierarchy of copper metabolism within the embryo. To elucidate these observations, we interrogated a genetic screen for embryos phenocopied by copper deficiency, identifying calamity, a mutant defective in the zebrafish ortholog of the Menkes disease gene (atp7a). Copper metabolism in calamity is restored by human ATP7A, and transplantation experiments reveal that atp7a functions cell autonomously, findings with important therapeutic implications. The gene dosage of atp7a determines the sensitivity to copper deprivation, revealing that the observed developmental hierarchy of copper metabolism is informed by specific genetic factors. Our data provide insight into the developmental pathophysiology of copper metabolism and suggest that suboptimal copper metabolism may contribute to birth defects.
Nonideality and the nucleation of sickle hemoglobin.

Abstract The homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation kinetics of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) have been studied for various degrees of solution crowding by substitution of cross-linked hemoglobin A, amounting to 50% of the total hemoglobin. By cross-linking hemoglobin A, hybrid formation between hemoglobin A and hemoglobin S was prevented, thus simplifying the analysis of the results. Polymerization was induced by laser photolysis, and homogeneous nucleation kinetics were determined by observation of the stochastic behavior of the onset of light scattering. Heterogeneous nucleation was determined by observing the exponential growth of the progress curves, monitored by light scattering. At concentrations between 4 and 5mM tetramer (i.e., ∼30 g/dl), the substitution of 50% HbA for HbS slows the reaction by a factor of 10 3 to 10 4 . Using scaled particle theory to account for the crowding of HbA, the observed decrease in the homogeneous nucleation rate was accurately predicted, with no variation of parameters required. Heterogeneous nucleation, on the other hand, is not well described in the present formulation, and the theory for this process appears to require modification of the way in which nonideality is introduced. Nonetheless, the accuracy of the homogeneous nucleation description suggests that such an approach may be useful for other assembly processes that occur in a crowded intracellular milieu.
Fluctuations and bubble dynamics in first order phase transitions

We numerically examine the effect of thermal fluctuations on a first-order phase transition in (2+1) dimensions. By focusing on the expansion of a single bubble we are able to calculate changes in the bubble wall{close_quote}s velocity as well as changes in its structure relative to the standard case where the bubble expands into a homogeneous background. Not only does the wall move faster, but the transition from the symmetric to the asymmetric phase is no longer smooth, even for a fairly strong transition. We discuss how these results affect the standard picture of electroweak baryogenesis. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
"Keeping the Lakes Way": Reburial and the Re‐Creation of a Moral World among an Invisible People

"Keeping the Lakes Way": Reburial and the Re–creation of. Moral World Among an Invisible People. Paula Pryce. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999. ix. 203 pp., appendixes, notes, references, index.
Impact of an intramural competition on outcome of diabetes care.

The translation of research results in diabetes (1) to clinical practice continues to be a major challenge (2,3). Physicians in training present a unique opportunity for shaping practice behavior. We tested the effect of an intramural contest on the outcome of diabetes management by 155 medical residents at a major U.S. teaching hospital. The contest was approved by the house staff leadership and was set for a 6-month period (1 October to 30 April). The residents, organized into four firms (A, B, C, and D), used various strategies (e.g., didactic lectures, case-based learning, and journal reviews) during weekly firm meetings to enhance competitiveness. The outcome measures were HbA1c levels (primary) and testing frequency (secondary). These data, extracted from 100 …
Control of Oxygenation During Mechanical Ventilation in the Premature Infant

Maintenance of oxygen saturation targets is a demanding and tedious task because of the frequency with which oxygenation changes, especially in small infants receiving prolonged respiratory support. It is clear that the achievement of oxygenation targets can be improved by a higher nurse-to-patient ratio and by intense staff training. Automated control systems can also improve target maintenance, and this is achieved mainly by reducing exposure to hyperoxemia. The long-term benefits and safety of this strategy are yet to be determined in clinical trials.
Photochemical deamination and demethylation of 5-methylcytosine

Cytosine methylation is believed to play a pivotal role in eucaryotic cellular development as well as in viral latency. We have been investigating chemical mechanisms for the perturbation of methylation patterns, including the effects of ultraviolet radiation. We observed that, upon exposure to UV light, 5-methylcytosine (5mC) was converted to thymine, cytosine, and a series of 5-substituted cytosine derivatives as analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Deamination of 5mC to thymine proceeds via formation of the intermediate photohydrate. Formation of 5-substituted cytosine derivatives results from oxidation of the 5-methyl group with initial formation of 5-(hydroxymethyl)cytosine (hmC). Upon exposure to UV light, hmC is converted to cytosine. The conversion of hmC to cytosine likely results from photohydration and elimination of formaldehyde. It is proposed that endogenous oxidation and hydrolysis could result in demethylation of 5mC residues in DNA. Whereas hydrolytic deamination of 5mC to thymine has been widely discussed, demethylation of 5mC has not as yet been described.
Use of capsule endoscopy for established Crohn's disease.

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a way to evaluate the mucosa of the small intestine. Until recently, the only way to evaluate the small bowel mucosa in a patient who has Crohn's disease was by barium small bowel radiographs and intubation of the distal terminal ileum. By comparison, WCE is significantly more sensitive. This article reviews how WCE can be used to reveal the extent of disease and to evaluate unexplained symptoms. Post-operative recurrence, mucosal healing, and capsule retention are also covered. There is significant uncertainty regarding the role of capsule endoscopy in the setting of known inflammatory bowel disease and at this time, use of WCE as a tool for the evaluation of mucosal healing or for prognostication of post-operative recurrence remains investigational.
Death certificates in epidemiological studies, including occupational hazards: inaccuracies in occupational categories.

We compared death certificates for asbestos-associated diseases (mesothelioma, lung cancer, asbestosis) in two asbestos workers' cohorts. One (insulation workers) had current or recent employment and a strong, continuing union support system which gave them much information about the effects of asbestos exposure. The second cohort, asbestos factory workers, had no such advantage. The factory had closed almost 30 years before, and its workers had dispersed into many areas of the state and nation. Accuracy of medical diagnosis was comparable in the two groups, but occupational listings were not. Three-quarters of the insulators' death certificates told of asbestos work, while virtually none of the factory workers' certificates provided such information, even for deaths of mesothelioma and asbestosis. The data indicate that disease categories, based on medical and pathological diagnoses, at least for asbestos-associated disease, tend to be accurate. Attempts to identify groups at risk by sorting occpational categories can give variable results, good for those with current exposures, much less satisfactory for those with long-past occupational exposures.
Systemic loxoscelism - not so quick!

To the Editor:We would like to comment on the recently published “Image” case report by Parekh and Seger titled “Systemic loxoscelism.”1 The authors describe a patient with a localized lesion (blis...
Electronic structure and Rietveld refinement parameters of Ti-doped sodium alanates

Abstract The structure of Ti-doped sodium aluminum deuteride has been determined using Rietveld refinement of X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data and compared to values for undoped NaAlD 4 and NaAlH 4 . The refined lattice parameters for the tetragonal NaAlD 4 structure are found to be a =5.010 A and c =11.323 A, while those of the monoclinic Na 3 AlD 6 structure are a =5.402 A, b =5.507 A, c =7.725 A, and β =89.491°. Results of ab initio calculations of the lattice parameters are within a few percent of the Rietveld-refined values. The generalized gradient approximation (GGA) is found to produce significantly better agreement with the experimental data than the local-density approximation (LDA), which is attributed to a very inhomogeneous distribution of electronic density in the alanates. The Rietveld refinement, LDA, and GGA results for the Al–H bond length in NaAlD 4 are 1.626, 1.634, and 1.631 A, respectively. Refined values of the Al–H bond lengths in Na 3 AlD 6 , are in agreement within 2% of earlier work on undoped Na 3 AlD 6 [J. Alloy Comp. 299 (1–2) (2000) 101]. The calculated GGA formation energies for the decomposition reactions of NaAlD 4 and Na 3 AlD 6 are 33.5 and 49.9 kJ/mol of H 2 , respectively. The corresponding LDA values are significantly higher: 44.6 and 70.3 kJ/mol of H 2 . Comparison with the experimental enthalpy data suggests that the GGA results are in a very good agreement with the measured Δ H [Proceedings of the 1999 DOE Hydrogen Program Annual Peer Review, NREL/CP-570-26938; J. Alloy Comp. 302 (1–2) (2000) 36]. Detailed theoretical analyses of the electronic band structure, valence charge density distribution, and lattice bonding properties are given.
Follicular mucinosis in a 4-year-old boy.

Follicular mucinosis (FM) is defined as the presence of mucin in the follicular epithelium. This phenomenon has been described in association with a number of clinical entities, including those associated with lymphoreticular malignancies. Here we present a case of FM of unknown etiology in a 4-year-old boy.
Strontium Partitioning between Coexisting K-Feldspar and Plagioclase as an Indicator of Metamorphic Grade in Southwestern New Hampshire

To test the validity of the use of strontium distribution coefficients determined for coexisting feldspars in metamorphic rocks as indicators of metamorphic grade, specimens collected from the metamorphic terrain of southern New Hampshire have been studied. Twenty pairs of concentrates of plagioclase and K-feldspars were obtained from samples representative of the kyanite-staurolite, sillimanite, and K-feldspar zones. The abundances of Na, K, and Ca. as well as Sr, were determined by atomic absorption analysis to allow a correction to be made in the Sr values after calculation of the feldspar contents of the samples. A preferential partitioning of Sr in the K-feldspar with increasing metamorphic grade is indicated. When points representing the molecular percents; of Sr-feldspar in K and plagioclase feldspars in the same rock sample were plotted on a Roozeboom diagram, all but three samples plotted along straight regression lines representing the distribution coefficient characteristic of one of the three metamorphic zones. The K d values so determined are: staurolite-kyanite zone, 0.71; sillimanite zone, 0.95; and K-feldspar zone, 1.28. The concentration of Sr does not affect the values of these distribution coefficients, nor do they appear influenced by the presence of non-feldspar phases. The variation in Sr concentration among the 40 feldspars analyzed is independent of the Ca variation. The pattern of metamorphic grace previously established by paragenetic studies in the southern New Hampshire area seems to be confirmed.
Summary of workshop on lexicons for text extraction

This workshop discussed the problems with lexicon development in the context of MUC-style application programs. The topics ranged from general issues in lexicon portability (Cahill), to Japanese lexicons (Mauldin) and problems encountered with MRDs in sublanguage domains (Pustejovsky).
Measurement of HN-H alpha J couplings in calcium-free calmodulin using new 2D and 3D water-flip-back methods.

Two new methods are described for the measurement of three-bond JHNHαcouplings in proteins isotopically enriched with 15N. Both methods leave the water magnetization in an unsaturated state, parallel to the z-axis, and therefore offer significant enhancements in sensitivity for rapidly exchanging backbone amide protons. The J couplings can be measured either from a set of constant-time 2D 1H-15N HMQC spectra, which are modulated in intensity by JHNHα, or from a water-flip-back version of the 3D HNHA experiment. The method is demonstrated for a sample of calcium-free calmodulin. Residues Lys75-Asp80 have JHNHαvalues in the 6–7 Hz range, suggesting that a break in the ‘central helix’ occurs at the same position as previously observed in solution NMR studies of Ca2+-ligated calmodulin.
Malignancy after gastrointestinal augmentation in childhood.

Introduction: To review the incidence and risks of bladder cancer following gastrointestinal augmentations done for congenial anomalies in childhood.Materials and Methods: A literature search using PubMed and Ovid Medline search engines was performed. MeSH terms evaluated were; bladder augmentations, enterocystoplasty, gastrocystoplasty, spina bifida, spinal dysraphism, myelodysplasia, neural tube defects, posterior urethral valves and bladder exstrophy were cross referenced with the terms, bladder cancer and urinary bladder neoplasm. All patients who developed a bladder cancer following a bladder augmentation for a congenital anomaly were reviewedResults: A total of 20 cases of bladder cancer following augmentations for congential anomalies, were identified, 9 arose following ileal cystoplasty, 3 following colocystolasty and 8 following gastrocystoplasty. The incidence of cancer developing per decade following surgery was 1.5% for ileal/colonic and 2.8% for gastric bladder augmentations. The majority of ...
Genetic toxicity of procarbazine in bacteria and yeast.

Abstract Procarbazine [ N -isopropyl- α -(2-methylhydrazino)- p -toluamide hydrochloride] is used to treat Hodgkin's disease. This compound was tested in vitro without and with S10 fraction from mice liver (microsomal assay) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D 7 , Salmonella typhimurium (strains TA98, TA100, TA1535) and in vivo in Swiss albino mice (host-mediated assay) using D 7 . Procarbazine, without S10 fraction, is highly toxic and induced mitotic crossover, gene conversion, and reverse mutation in D 7 . It had a toxic effect on all the Salmonella strains; but did not induce reverse mutations at the histidine loci. Procarbazine, with S10 fraction, was less toxic and did not induce genetic effects in yeast or Salmonella. In the host-mediated assay, no genetic effects were seen.
Laser optogalvanic wavelength calibration with a commercial hollow cathode iron-neon discharge lamp

351 optogalvanic transitions have been observed in the 337 - 598 nm wavelength region using an iron - neon hollow cathode discharge lamp and a pulsed tunable dye laser. 223 of these have been identified as transitions associated with neon energy levels. These optogalvanic transitions have allowed, in conjunction with interference fringes recorded concomitantly with an etalon, the calibration of the dye laser wavelength with 0.3/cm accuracy.
Utilization of a Palladium-Coated Platform and a Methane/Argon Purge Gas Mixture in the Determination of Silicon by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

An electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric procedure to improve the analytical performance of determination of silicon in an aqueous matrix is discussed. The method employs a Pd sputter-coated L'vov platform and an argon/methane purge gas mixture. The use of this combination improved peak sharpness, precision, and calibration accuracy. RSD values were consistently under 5% and the linear dynamic range obtained using this procedure extended from 5 to 100 ng/mL. Calibration curves consistently had correlation coefficients above 0.999 and exhibited a detection limit of 1.1 ng/mL. The characteristic mass achieved during analysis averaged 35 pg/0.0044 A-s. Keywords: Silicon; ETAAS; alternative purge gas; Pd-coated L'vov platform
Visually matching daylight fluorescent lamplight with two primary sets

Thornton reported discrepancies in chromaticity and power content in Maxwell-method visual matches when using different primary sets. He found particularly large chromaticity differences when a broadband white light was matched with what he refers to as an antiprime (AP) primary set [blue-green, yellow, deep red, as, for example 497–579-653 nm, mean full-width half-maximum (FWHM) = 15.6 nm] and comparatively smaller chromaticity differences with a prime-color (PC) primary set (blue-violet, green, orange-red, as, for example, 452–533-607 nm, mean FWHM = 15.6 nm). In related work, Abraham et al. found similar chromaticity discrepancies when subjects reported a visual match, partially attributing the errors to age-related changes in the specular transmittance of the lens. This present study was carried out to explore these findings and to investigate individual differences in color matching. Thirty-nine subjects made two matches in a horizontally bisected 10° field. The bottom field was illuminated with daylight fluorescent lamplight and the top field was illuminated with one of two primary sets that were selected to be similar to those used by Thornton and Abraham et al.: (1) PC = 453–533-619 nm with a mean FWHM of 18.3 nm and (2) AP = 493–581-657 nm with a mean FWHM of 23.7 nm. Statistical data screening revealed two outliers that were removed from further analysis. The PC primary set required 5% less radiant power per unit area to match the daylight fluorescent reference and the AP set required 117% more. Thirty-six of the 37 matches with the PC primary set were within a 10-step MacAdam ellipse that was centered at the daylight fluorescent reference. In contrast, just 2 of the matches with the AP set were within a 10-step ellipse, and 24 of the matches were outside of a 20-step ellipse. These trends are similar to those reported by Thornton and later by Abraham et al. The primary set and the interaction between primary set and age were statistically significant factors. Gender and subject knowledge were not significant. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 428–437, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20059
Clemency As Cruelty: Forgiveness And Force In The Dying Prayers Of Jesus And Stephen

This article clarifies the significance of the dying forgiveness prayers of Jesus and Stephen by placing them aside related bodies of literature including biblical and extra-biblical narratives of persecuted prophets and the suffering righteous, the literature of the Maccabean martyrs, the ethical exhortations to enemy love and non-retaliation in the Sermon on the Mount/Plain, and Roman discourse on clemency. Against a recent cluster of scholarship attempting to situate the prayers fully within Jewish scriptural traditions in order to argue that Luke-Acts is not anti-Jewish, it argues that the prayers function to construct a break between the Ioudaioi and the Christianoi . The dying forgiveness prayers are for Luke a Christian proprium . They are potentially more radical than Jesus' ethical teaching on enemy love and non-retaliation, since the former constitute a challenge to the framework of talionic justice which the latter need not. The threat of the forgiveness prayers to the talionic framework of cosmic justice prompted the modification, and even the suppression, of the prayers in some quarters. Those who embraced and celebrated the prayers without modification, like Luke himself, seemed to have understood them intransitively as idealizing the hero who so prays but as having no effect on the prayer's objects. The article concludes with consideration of the Roman discourse on clemency, which functions similarly. Awareness of the cruelty implicit in Roman clemency serves to illuminate the potentially violent effects of certain iterations of the forgiveness prayers, including those preserved in Luke-Acts.
Polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, furans, and organochlorine pesticides in spotted sandpiper eggs from the upper Hudson River basin, New York.

In 2004, spotted sandpipers (Actitis macularia) were studied on the Hudson River near Fort Edward south to New Baltimore, NY and on two river drainages that flow into the Hudson River. Concentrations of 28 organochlorine pesticides, 160 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, and 17 dioxin and furan (PCDD-F) congeners were quantified in eggs collected on and off the Hudson River. The pattern of organochlorine pesticides and PCDD-F congeners did not differ significantly between eggs collected on and off the Hudson River. In contrast, the pattern of PCB congeners differed significantly between the Hudson River and other rivers. Total PCBs were significantly greater in eggs from the Hudson River (geometric mean = 9.1 μg PCBs/g wet weight) than from the other two rivers (0.6 and 0.6 μg PCBs/g wet weight). Seven of 35 (20%) eggs exceeded 20 μg PCBs/g wet weight, the estimated threshold for reduced hatching in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) and some raptor species; the maximum concentration was 72.3 μg PCBs/g wet weight. Models that predicted nest survival and egg success (the proportion of eggs hatching in a clutch if at least one egg hatched) as functions of contaminant levels were poorly distinguished from models that presumed no such associations. While small sample size could have contributed to the inability to distinguish among contaminant and no toxicant models, we cannot rule out the possibility that contaminant concentrations on the Hudson River were not sufficiently high to demonstrate a relationship between contaminant concentrations and reproductive success.