cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Framework for analyzing placement of and identifying opportunities for improving technical communication in a chemical engineering curriculum

Abstract Technical communication is an extremely important soft skill for young engineers entering the workplace. Undergraduate engineering programs normally address technical communications, but many do not provide intentionally placed discipline-specific technical communication experiences designed to progressively increase technical communication skills. This study presents an analysis of the technical skill requirement by international accrediting organizations for communication literacy, as well as an analysis of some technical communication education approaches within chemical engineering curricula. This study also presents methods for conducting a crosswalk of graded events with a technical communication component across a curriculum, which can help a program understand the placement of technical communication graded events and identify opportunities for reallocation or scaffolding. This study employs a survey-based approach for gathering information about all technical communication graded events within a chemical engineering curriculum and a method for assessing placement and scaffolding opportunities using a longitudinal crosswalk of all applicable courses from freshman to senior year. Results from this study suggest that the U.S. Military Academy (West Point)’s chemical engineering program has 74 technical communication graded events, which were highly concentrated in the junior year. Most events were lab reports (55 %) assessed for content only or team events (78 %). Opportunities for scaffolding across courses were identified and the content for a 1.0-credit seminar course are presented. The methods presented in this study can be used by other engineering programs to identify gaps in technical communication education and methods for improvement within their curriculum.
Conceptualizing and Measuring Institutional Variation in National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs)

A wealth of literature argues that domestic institutions can sometimes restrain government repression. In this article, we highlight an institution tasked specifically with protecting and promoting...
The Role of Race in Pandemic Vaccine Allocation.

The Target Article by Sabatello et al. (2021) should prove significant in advancing recognition of, and discussion concerning how, race is embedded in allocation strategies adopted in pandemic resp...
Spatio-temporal feature based deep neural network for cell lineage analysis in microscopy images

Background: Time-lapse microscopy has been widely used in biomedical experiments because it can visualize the molecular activities of living cells in real time. However, biomedical researchers are still conducting cell lineage analysis manually. Developing automatic lineage tracing algorithms is a challenging task. In the past two decades, deep neural networks (DNNs) became have shown outstanding performance on computer vision tasks. They can learn complex visual features, capture long-range temporal dependencies, and have the potential to be used for automatic cell lineage analysis. Methods: In this study, we propose a multi-task spatio-temporal feature based deep neural network for cell lineages analysis (Cell-STN). The Cell-STN extracts spatio-temporal features from microscopy image sequences by leveraging our convolutional long short-term memory based core block. And the proposed Cell-STN utilized a task specific network to predict the cell location, the mitosis event, and the apoptosis event in a multi-task manner. Results: We evaluated the Cell-STN on three in-house datasets (MCF7, U2OS, and HCT116) and one public dataset (Fluo-N2DL-HeLa). For cell tracking, we used peak-wise precision, track-wise precision, end-peak precision, and spatial distance as metrics. The overall results showed the Cell-STN models outperform other state-of-the-art cell trackers. For mitosis and apoptosis tasks, we used accuracy, F1-score, temporal distance, and spatial distance as metrics. The Cell-STN models achieved the highest performance on all datasets. Conclusion: This study presented a novel DNNs approach for cell lineage analysis in microscopy images. The Cell-STN showed outstanding performance on the four datasets. Additionally, the Cell-STN required minimal training data and can be adapted to new biological event detection tasks by appending task-specific layers. This algorithm has the potential to be used in real-world biomedical research.
Grammatical gender in Spanish child heritage speakers: Incomplete or different acquisition?

Abstract This study examines grammatical gender (GG) production in young Spanish heritage-speakers (HSs) and the potential effect of the children’s language use and their parents’ input. We compared four and eight-year-old HSs to same-age monolingual children on their gender production. We measured GG production in determiners and adjectives via an elicited production task. HSs’ parents reported children’s time in each language and also completed the elicitation task. Results show that HSs’ scored significantly lower than monolinguals in both grammatical structures in which the unmarked masculine default predominates. However, older HSs had higher accuracy than younger HSs. Input from parents is not correlated with HSs’ performance and neither Spanish use nor language proficiency predicts GG performance on HSs. For theories of language acquisition, it is important to consider that although the linguistic knowledge of the HSs may differ from that of monolinguals, their grammar is protracted rather than incomplete.
El Salvador: Failure of a Successful Internal Settlement

Within a month of each other, at the end of 1979, one internal settlement ended and another began. The Rhodesian internal settlement, which was specifically referred to by that label by its architects, ended with the signing of the Lancaster House Agreements on 21 December 1979. On 3 January 1980 anew junta was created in El Salvador with the participation of Jose Napoleon Duarte and the Christian Democratic Party. Applying the theory that this author developed for Southern African internal settlements, this article will compare the internal settlements in Rhodesia and El Salvador.
Cross‐Level/Ecological Inference

The cross-level or ecological inference problem has fascinated scholars for nearly a century (Ogburn and Goltra 1919, Allport 1924, Gehlke and Biehl 1934). The problem occurs when one is interested in the behavior of individuals, but has data only at an aggregated level (e.g., precincts, hospital wards, counties). This data limitation creates a situation where the behavior of individuals must be surmised from data on aggregated sets of individuals rather than on individuals themselves. Since the goal is to make inferences from aggregate units that are often derived from an “environmental level” (i.e. geographical/ecological units such as a county or precinct), the term “ecological inference” is used to describe this type of analysis. Relatedly, while it is often the case that one is interested in individual-level behavior, this problem occurs more generally whenever the level of interest is less aggregated than the level of the data. For instance, one might be interested in behavior at the county level when only state-level data is available. Accordingly, the term “cross-level inference” is often used as a synonym for ecological inference. The ecological inference problem is an especially intriguing puzzle because it is a very long-standing problem with an exceptionally wide-ranging impact. Occurrences are common across many disciplines, and scholars with diverse backgrounds and interests have a stake in approaches to this problem. Political scientists, for instance, confront these issues when they try to detect whether members of different racial groups cast their ballots differently, using only data at the precinct level that identify vote totals and racial demographics but not vote totals broken down by racial categories. In a completely different substantive area, epidemiologists confront identical methodological issues when they seek to explain which environmental factors influence disease susceptibility using only data from counties or hospital wards, rather than individual patients. Economists studying consumer demand and marketing strategies might need to infer individual spending habits from an analysis of sales data from a specific region and the aggregate characteristics of individuals in that region, rather than from data on individuals’ characteristics and purchases. These examples are but a few of the myriad applications and fields where the ecological inference problem has emerged.
Ca2+ signaling mechanisms of vascular endothelial cells and their role in oxidant-induced endothelial cell dysfunction

Endothelial cell function may be compromised in disease states as a result of oxidative injury, which may arise from a variety of sources. Oxidant stress appears to influence vascular reactivity and permeability via alteration in the production, release, or effect of endothelium-derived paracrine substances. An early event associated with endothelial cell dysfunction involves alteration in transmembrane signaling mechanisms. In particular, substantial evidence suggests that oxidant stress alters Ca2+ homeostatic mechanisms of the endothelial cell. Because an increase in the free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) of the endothelial cell is important for release of paracrine factors responsible for regulation of vascular tone and reactivity, oxidant stress-induced changes in Ca2+ signaling could explain much of the observed pathophysiology associated with oxidative injury. Under normal conditions, agonists such as bradykinin and ATP cause a biphasic increase in [Ca2+]i of the endothelial cell; an initial transient component reflects release of Ca2+ from internal stores, whereas a more long-lasting elevation in [Ca2+]i reflects Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space. After incubation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide, a time-dependent inhibition of the agonist-stimulated changes in [Ca2+]i is observed. The underlying molecular mechanisms associated with normal Ca2+ signaling and how these may be altered in the endothelial cell by oxidative stress is the subject of this review.
Explaining States’ Responses to the REAL ID Act: the Role of Resources, Political Environment, and Implementor Attitudes in Complying with a Federal Mandate

Fifteen state legislatures in the USA have enacted statutes prohibiting their states from complying with the federal REAL ID Act. This article seeks to explain why those states have explicitly opposed the act’s requirements. We determine to what extent state-level noncompliance is a product of the resources available to the state for compliance, the state’s political environment, the attitudes of key implementors in the state government, and the states’ level of concern with matters related to immigration. We find that the attitude of each state’s key implementor is the best predictor of whether a state has opted to oppose the act’s implementation.
Modification of an isco drum fraction collector to permit use of stoppered test tubes

Abstract An automatically stoppering test tube fraction collector is described. While the unit was designed for an Isco collector system, the design can be readily adapted to any existing drum fraction collector. The system as used prevents both significant loss of solvent from 300-μl column fractions and radioactive cross contamination of volatile isotopic compounds.
Polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) congeners,p,p′-DDE, and hexachlorobenzene in maternal and fetal cord blood from mothers in upstate New York

Whole blood samples were taken from 101 women (26±4 years) entering maternity facilities in upstate New York. At birth, fetal cord blood was also collected. The samples were analyzed for 74 polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) congeners,p,p′-DDE, mirex, and hexachlorobenzene by glass capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Maternal blood contained 3.5±1.1 ng total PCB/g whole blood and fetal cord blood contained 2.4±1.0 ng total PCB/g whole blood, which indicate that the women are less contaminated than women surveyed elsewhere in the U.S. Of the 77 compounds measured, only 20 occurred in more than 10% of the maternal samples at levels >0.01 ng/g. Mirex was not detected. Although the concentration of the majority of congeners,p,p′-DDE and hexachlorobenzene correlated in maternal and fetal cord blood, 2,5,2′,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl and hexachlorobenzene crossed the placenta preferentially. Apparently, the population contains vestiges of Aroclor® 1242 (the PCB mixture used in electrical equipment) and Aroclor® 1260 (the mixture used as a plasticizer).p,p′- DDE was the pollutant present at highest concentration (maternal 3.8±0.8 ng/g, fetal cord 1.9±0.9 ng/g).
Noncovalent Interactions in 2-Mercapto-1-methylimidazole Complexes with Organic Iodides

2-Mercapto-1-methylimidazole (mmim) forms complexes with organic iodides, 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (p-F4DIB), tetraiodoethylene (TIE), and 1,2-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (o-F4DIB), in which there are remarkably similar N−H···S hydrogen bonding and S···I halogen bonding patterns. Extended chains of alternating donor (mmim) and acceptor (p-F4DIB and TIE) molecules are formed through divalent I···S···I interactions. These chains are joined into double strands through N−H···S interactions that link two mmim molecules into a dimer. In the third complex, N−H···S bound dimers are linked into infinite chains through S···I interactions involving a pair of o-F4DIB molecules. Thermal analysis indicates that decomposition in both of the F4DIB complexes proceeds through total loss of acceptor, while decomposition of the TIE complex involves a combination of acceptor loss and acceptor reaction. Melting in the o-F4DIB complexes appears to be preceded by a solid-state rearrangement or premelting phenomenon that is not ...
Aerorespiratory tract cancer in older patients

Lung cancer and head and neck cancer present distinctive management challenges in the elderly population. Cumulative tobacco exposure is a risk factor for both types of cancer. Smoking-related comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, will also increase with cumulative tobacco exposure and can complicate surgical or radiotherapeutic management. Some differences in natural history, such as a greater tendency toward localized disease in non-small cell lung cancer and a lesser correlation with tobacco/alcohol exposure in head and neck cancer, have been noted for older patients. However, standard treatment modalities do appear to maintain efficacy in the elderly population. If comorbidities and physiologic age (rather than strict chronologic age) are taken into account, effective interventions can be devised with benefits similar to those seen in younger populations. Although prevention remains the mainstay of management of aero-respiratory cancers, carefully planned treatment can result in therapeutic benefit with maintenance of quality of life.
Pharmacophore/Receptor Models for GABAA/BzR Subtypes (α1β3γ2, α5β3γ2, and α6β3γ2) via a Comprehensive Ligand-Mapping Approach

Pharmacophore/receptor models for three recombinant GABAA/BzR subtypes (α1β3γ2, α5β3γ2, and α6β3γ2) have been established via an SAR ligand-mapping approach. This study was based on the affinities of 151 BzR ligands at five distinct (α1−3,5,6β3γ2) recombinant GABAA/BzR receptor subtypes from at least nine different structural families. Examination of the included volumes of the α1-, α5-, and α6-containing subtypes indicated that region L2 for the α5-containing subtype appeared to be larger in size than the analogous region of the other receptor subtypes. Region LDi, in contrast, appeared to be larger in the α1 subtype than in the other two subtypes. Moreover, region L3 in the α6 subtype is either very small or nonexistent in this diazepam-insensitive subtype (see Figure 16 for details) as compared to the other subtypes. Use of the pharmacophore/receptor models for these subtypes has resulted in the design of novel BzR ligands (see 27) selective for the α5β3γ2 receptor subtype. α5-Selective ligand 27 when ...
Research on the Construction of College Culture in New Age

College culture is the combination of college and culture with rich connotation and extension. There is an internal relation between college culture and development of economic society. A comprehensive understanding of the college’s role in the culture and a clear definitude of the college culture’s function in economic and social construction have a great significance for the establishment of an innovative country and a harmonious socialist society. To promote the cultural construction of Colleges, we must first clear the cultural connotation of college culture, that is, clear what kind of college culture is really needed by society, and then build the long-term mechanism for the construction of college culture.
VALVULAR DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH SYSTEMIC ILLNESS

The connective tissue diseases, which include systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), ankylosing spondylitis (AKS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), scleroderma, polymyositis and dermatomyositis, and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), are the systemic illnesses that most commonly affect the heart. These autoimmune-mediated inflammatory diseases affect predominantly the musculoskeletal system, but associated heart disease is common and an important cause of morbidity and mortality. They involve the heart valves, pericardium, and myocardium most frequently. The great vessels and conduction system (with the exception of AKS) and coronary arteries are uncommonly involved. The reported prevalence rates of heart disease in these conditions vary widely because of differences in patient characteristics, preselection bias, variability in the definition of cardiovascular abnormalities, and differences in the diagnostic methods used.
Intestinal structure and function in neoplastic disease

Intestinal structure and function have been evaluated in 24 patients who had neoplastic disease arising outside the gastrointestinal tract. The gross appearance of the jejunal mucosa was normal in all 18 biopsy specimens obtained; on histologic examination, villous structure was normal in 15 and slightly blunted in 3, one of which showed synechia formation, and another increased lymphocytic infiltration of the lamina propria. Fecal fat excretion was normal in 20, and borderline in 1 patient. The urinary excretion of xylose was subnormal in 14 subjects; however, peak serum concentrations were normal in all 24. The absorption of folic acid was normal in 19, and borderline in 3 patients. The urinary excretion of60CoB12 was subnormal in 12 of 18 persons tested. These observations indicate that, with the possible exception of vitamin B12 absorption, abnormalities of small intestinal structure and function are rare in persons with extragastrointestinal neoplasms. Weight loss in these individuals could be accounted for by reduced caloric intake, secondary to anorexia in nearly all instances.
THE IMPACT OF [60]FULLERENE ON JET FUEL STABILITY

ABSTRACT The use of Buckminsterfullerene (C60) has been investigated as a jet fuel deposit inhibitor. Based on deposit reductions observed in accelerated storage stability tests of marine diesel fuels, it was hoped that fullerenes would produce similar reductions in thermal deposits. It was found, however, that the most profound impact of the fullerene was to photosensitize the fuel towards formation of high levels of hydroperoxides. Although this may not necessarily be occurring via free radical autoxidation, the rapid formation of hydroperoxides would constitute a likely autoxidation initiator.
Induction of HSP-70 after hyperosmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier in the rat

The cellular response resulting from breakdown of the blood-brain barrier was evaluated 24 h after hyperosomotic infusion of mannitol into the internal carotid artery in the rat. Heat shock protein (HSP-70), a marker of cellular stress and/or injury, was induced in scattered patches of neurons and glia in regions of barrier breakdown. These findings suggest that osmotically induced breakdown of the blood-brain barrier may result in cell injury.
Ultrafast, 2 min synthesis of monolayer-protected gold nanoclusters (d < 2 nm)

An ultrafast synthesis method is presented for hexanethiolate-coated gold nanoclusters (d < 2 nm, <250 atoms per nanocluster), which takes only 2 min and can be easily reproduced. With two immiscible solvents, gold nanoclusters are separated from the reaction byproducts fast and easily without any need for post-synthesis cleaning.
Semantic Classes and Functions of Lexical Presupposition Triggers: An Experimental Investigation of Chatters’ Use

Prior research suggested the possibility of establishing systematic linkages between some intrinsic features of a presupposition and textual and pragmatic functions that it can carry out with greater probability. This study aims, firstly, to provide an organic view of semantics of presupposition triggers, thanks to a lexical database comprising 19,500 entries. Secondly, the database was used to investigate a corpus of chat conversations including about 200,000 tokens. The results show that triggers occur mainly as non-informative, maintaining an information already known by all participants of the communication; but, depending on their different features, some of them are systematically associated to a function of anaphora and textual cohesion; others to strengthen social conventions and stereotypes. The informative function, although in a minority proportion, is quantitatively significant only in correspondence to a single class of presupposition triggers.
Genetic and Molecular Mechanisms of Pattern Formation in Arabidopsis Flower Development

One of the great unanswered questions in the biology of both plants and animals is “How do simple groups of embryonic cells develop into complex and highly structured organisms, or parts of organisms?” The answers are only beginning to be known; the processes involved include establishment of positional information, and its interpretation into patterns of cell division and cellular differentiation. One remarkable and attractive example of the formation of a complex structure from a simple group of cells is the development of a flower, with its characteristic types, numbers and patterns of floral organs. Because of the ease with which plants (especially the plantArabidopsis thaliana) can be manipulated in the laboratory, flowers provide a unique opportunity to learn some of the fundamental rules of development.
Usefulness of the ΔHA interval to accurately distinguish atrioventricular nodal reentry from orthodromic septal bypass tract tachycardias

Surface electrocardiographic criteria may be inadequate to distinguish some cases of atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) from those with orthodromic SVT incorporating a posterior septal bypass tract (orthodromic SVT) because of similarities in P-wave morphology and timing during SVT. Invasive electrophysiologic studies may occasionally leave uncertainty in the correct diagnosis, using currently accepted criteria. A new criterion for distinguishing these 2 forms of SVT was therefore devised and tested based on differences in the sequence of activation of the His bundle and atrium during SVT and ventricular pacing. Eighty-four patients underwent invasive electrophysiologic studies (60 with proved AV nodal SVT, 24 with proved orthodromic SVT), during which His to atrial (HA) intervals were measured during SVT as well as ventricular pacing at the same rate. The newly devised criterion, the delta HA interval (HApace-HAsvt) was found to accurately distinguish AV nodal SVT (delta HA greater than 0 ms) from orthodromic SVT (delta HA less than -27 ms). An intermediate value of delta HA = -10 ms was chosen which had a 100% sensitivity, specificity and predictive accuracy in differentiating the 2 forms of SVT. A clear retrograde His potential during ventricular pacing, which is essential for application of this criterion, was present in 78 of 84 (93%) cases. In summary, patients with delta HA intervals greater than -10 ms separate AV nodal reentry from orthodromic SVT incorporating a septal bypass tract, and no overlap exists between the 2 groups. This criterion may be useful in differentiating the mechanism of SVT in cases in which distinction is not possible by other methods.
Computing legacy software behavior to understand functionality and security properties: an IBM/370 demonstration

Organizations maintaining mainframe legacy software can benefit from code modernization and incorporation of security capabilities to address current cyber threats. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is developing the Hyperion system to compute the behavior of software as a means to gain understanding of software functionality and security properties. Computation of functionality is critical to revealing security attributes, which are in fact specialized functional behaviors of software. Oak Ridge is collaborating with MITRE Corporation on a demonstration project to compute behavior of legacy IBM Assembly code for a federal agency. The ultimate goal is to understand functionality and security vulnerabilities for code modernization. This paper reports on the first phase, to define functional semantics for IBM instructions and conduct behavior computation experiments.
Cytotactin binding: inhibition of stimulated proliferation and intracellular alkalinization in fibroblasts.

Abstract Cytotactin is an extracellular matrix protein that is dynamically and transiently expressed in a place-dependent fashion during development by glial cells, fibroblasts, and several other cell types. In the present study, the effects of cytotactin on cell proliferation were examined in fibroblastic cells in culture. NIH 3T3 mouse cells plated on tissue culture substrata in the presence of soluble cytotactin remained rounded for longer periods than untreated control cells, similar to their response to cytotactin-coated substrates. These rounding effects could be prevented by pretreatment of the cells with nocodazole, a microtubule-disrupting agent. Cytotactin inhibited the proliferation of fibroblasts in culture in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and this inhibition occurred even after nocodazole treatment. In addition, the presence of cytotactin inhibited proliferation stimulated by growth factors or tumor promoter. These effects on cell growth were accompanied by an early inhibition of the intracellular alkalinization that normally occurs upon mitogenic stimulation by a number of growth-promoting agents. Together these observations suggest that cytotactin is an endogenous cell surface modulatory protein and provide a possible mechanism whereby cytotactin may contribute to pattern formation during development, regeneration, tumorigenesis, and wound healing.
The Failure Characterization of Composite Pinned Joints

An analytic model was developed to predict the failure strength of pin loaded composite joints using a two-dimensional analysis. The characteristic dimensions, which define the characteristic curve, were obtained by stress analyses associated with no bearing and tensile tests on laminates with and without a hole. The available experimental data in the literature was then used to evaluate the joints’ strength. There was a good agreement between the experimental data and the computed joints’ strength. Additionally, the failure mode that characterizes the failure condition depends on the orientations of the laminas that constitute the laminate used for joint construction.
Gallium in chondrites

Abstract Chondrites have uniform gallium contents; the average of nineteen samples is 5.3 p.p.m. Ga, with the range 4.2–6.8 p.p.m. Composites of these contain an average of 3.2 p.p.m. Ga in the silicate phase, 15 p.p.m. in the metal phase, and 12 p.p.m. in the sulphide phase. The chalcophilic character of gallium is approximately as strong as the siderophilic on the basis of these figures. The gallium content of the silicate phase of chondrites is much the same as of ultramafic rocks, and the ratios Ga Al are similar for the two.
Age-linked changes in salinity tolerance of larval spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus, Cuvier)

Acute salinity tolerance limits for the estuarine spawning spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier). were evaluated by examining 18 h survival of larvae in an extensive range of salinity treatments (0 to 56 ppt). Larvae from eggs spawned in two different salinities (24 and 32 ppt) as well as larvae acclimated in hypersaline and brackish waters were compared. Both upper and lower salinity tolerance limits showed an age-linked pattern, decreasing to a minimum tolerance range (6.4 to 42.5 ppt) at age 3 days after hatching (at 28o C) and increasing to the widest range tolerated (1.9 to 49.8 ppt) on the last day tested (age 9 days). Acclimation to hyposaline conditions was demonstrated by larvae spawned at 32 ppt although significant hypersaline acclimation could not be demonstrated. Altered upper limits to the range tolerated by larvae from different spawning salinities indicated parental and/or early acclimation effects are important. Consistently greater vulnerability to both hyper- and hyposaline conditions at age 3 days after hatching was observed in all tests conducted. Exposures related to the onset of feeding at this time are likely explanations for this reduced tolerance.
First computational evidence for a catalytic bridging hydroxide ion in a phosphodiesterase active site.

Phosphodiesterases are clinical targets for a variety of biological disorders, because this superfamily of enzymes regulates the intracellular concentration of cyclic nucleotides that serve as the second messengers playing a critical role in a variety of physiological processes. Understanding the structure and mechanism of a phosphodiesterase will provide a solid basis for rational design of the more efficient therapeutics. Although a three-dimensional X-ray crystal structure of the catalytic domain of human phosphodiesterase 4B2B was recently reported, it is uncertain whether a critical bridging ligand in the active site is a water molecule or a hydroxide ion. The identity of this bridging ligand is theoretically determined by performing first-principles quantum chemical calculations on models of the active site. All the results obtained indicate that this critical bridging ligand in the active site of the reported X-ray crystal structure is a hydroxide ion, rather than a water molecule, expected to serv...
Experimental and theoretical investigation of mechanical disturbances in epoxy-impregnated superconducting coils. 4. Prequench cracks and frictional motion

Abstract We present an additional set of experimental results, primarily fracture events induced at transport currents below quench currents. Also presented are conductor motion events observed in test coils. The results are consistent with the results of the theoretical treatment presented in Part 2. As in Part 3, most of the results were quantified using acoustic emission data.
Management of cryptorchidism and gastroschisis

Abstract Background Cryptorchidism is commonly associated with gastroschisis. Management of the undescended testes varies with regard to technique and timing of orchidopexy. To evaluate the appropriate timing of and procedure for orchidopexy in patients with gastroschisis, we reviewed our experience. Methods Male neonates admitted between January 1999 and September 2010 with gastroschisis were reviewed. This retrospective study was conducted after institutional review board approval. Testis location at birth was recorded, and outcomes for those with undescended testes were analyzed. Results Sixty-two males with gastroschisis were identified, and 24 had cryptorchidism (38.7%) affecting 31 testes. All babies had an initial watch-and-wait approach without any attempt at orchidopexy during gastroschisis closure. Those with extraabdominal testes at birth had the testicle repositioned in the abdomen before gastroschisis closure. Mean follow-up was 27.3 months. At follow-up, 54.8% of the testes relocated without intervention and 38.7% required orchidopexy. Laparoscopy was used in 5 patients to perform the orchidopexy. A total of 3 testes required orchiectomy secondary to atrophy, one of which had previously undergone an orchidopexy . Two of the orchiectomies were performed laparoscopically. Conclusion The watch-and-wait approach for cryptorchidism in gastroschisis is safe and appropriate, with a high rate of spontaneous migration during the first year of life and greater than 90% testes viable at follow-up. Laparoscopy is a safe and feasible option for management of undescended testes that remain intraabdominal at follow-up.
Manifolds covered by Euclidean space

at infinity. However, a weak form of Theorem 3 would still have to be proved even for this method. Finally we call attention to 6.2 where we summarize the geometric content of the argument. This probably should be read next. $2. THE FUNDAMENTAL GROUP OF AN END Recall that if X is a connected, locally connected, locally compact space with a count- able basis we may define the ends of X as a maximal O-dimensional compactification of X. Specifically. if K is a compact set in X, then X -
Modification and extension to a fortran preprocessor (RATFOR) for compatibility with the Xerox CP-V operating system

After being introduced to RATFOR, a structured FORTRAN preprocessor at the University of California, Irvine Campus in 1977, the author became impressed with its potential and obtained a copy for use at the University of Southern Mississippi. Upon returning to U.S.M. in September 1977 an initial copy of the preprocessor was installed by the author and checked out in September of 1977.
Phonon gas: A lattice Boltzmann description.

A lattice Boltzmann computational scheme is developed and applied to a model of the phonon gas. This model has two types of phonons, transverse and longitudinal, that interact with one another through a three-phonon collision process. Exact and relaxation time approximation treatments of the collision operator are described. The computational scheme is tested in a study of the propagation of small-amplitude second sound where the predictions of linearized phonon hydrodynamics are confirmed. It is then employed to study two problems of current interest in nonlinear phonon hydrodynamics: (1) the propagation of linear second sound in the presence of a steady heat current, and (2) the propagation of nonlinear second sound.
Selective Photostimulation of Genetically ChARGed Neurons

To permit direct functional analyses of neural circuits, we have developed a method for stimulating groups of genetically designated neurons optically. Coexpression of the Drosophila photoreceptor genes encoding arrestin-2, rhodopsin (formed by liganding opsin with retinal), and the alpha subunit of the cognate heterotrimeric G protein--an explosive combination we term "chARGe"--sensitizes generalist vertebrate neurons to light. Illumination of a mixed population of neurons elicits action potentials selectively and cell-autonomously in its genetically chARGed members. In contrast to bath-applied photostimulants or caged neurotransmitters, which act indiscriminately throughout the illuminated volume, chARGe localizes the responsiveness to light. Distributed activity may thus be fed directly into a circumscribed population of neurons in intact tissue, irrespective of the spatial arrangement of its elements.
Technological progress, capital deepening, and manufacturing productivity growth in the USA: a regional analysis

According to the Verdoorn law productivity rises faster in expanding economic sectors. The validity of the Verdoorn law has been investigated primarily for industries. Does the law also hold with respect to areal aggregates? Specifically, in the USA, are productivity gains larger in regions in which jobs and population expand faster?In this paper a technique for separating productivity gains associated with capital deepening, economies of scale, and neutral technological progress is discussed and is then applied to investigate, in a US setting, the ‘spatial’ validity of the Verdoorn law.
Spatial Distribution and Habitat Use of the Western Pearlshell Mussel (Margaritifera falcata) in a Western Washington Stream

We investigated the spatial distribution and habitat associations of western pearlshell mussels (Margaritifera falcata) in a southwest Washington stream. Variation in mussel occurrence differed wit...
DNA Polymerases of Rous Sarcoma Virus: Delineation of Two Reactions with Actinomycin

The RNA-dependent and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activities of RNA tumour viruses can be distinguished by their responses to actinomycin D; only the latter is inhibited.
Digitization for scholarly use: the Boswell papers project at the Beinecke rare book and manuscript library

Special Collections are increasingly the content providers for digital conversion projects for diverse reasons and audiences. A project may be the result of a sudden windfall of funds needing a col...
Extinction and flame bifurcations of stretched dimethyl ether premixed flames

Abstract Extinction limits and flame bifurcation of lean premixed dimethyl ether–air flames are numerically investigated using the counterflow flame with a reduced chemistry. Emphasis is paid to the combined effect of radiation and flame stretch on the extinction and flammability limits. A method based on the reaction front is presented to predict the Markstein length. The predicted positive Markstein length agrees well with the experimental data. The results show that flow stretch significantly reduces the flame speed and narrows the flammability limit of the stretched dimethyl ether–air flame. It is found that the combined effect of radiation and flow stretch results in a new flame bifurcation and multiple flame regimes. At an equivalence ratio slightly higher than the flammability limit of the planar flame, the distant flame regime appears at low stretch rates. With an increase in the equivalence ratio, in addition to the distant flame, a weak flame isola emerges at moderate stretch rates. With a further increase in the equivalence ratio, the distant flame and the weak flame branches merge together, resulting in the splitting of the weak flame branch into two weak flame branches, one at low stretch and the other at high stretch. Flame stability analysis demonstrates that the high stretch weak flame is also stable. Furthermore, a K-shaped flammability limit diagram showing various flame regimes and their extinction limits is obtained.
Cyclical and secular influences on the size distribution of personal income in the UK: some econometric tests

(1984). Cyclical and secular influences on the size distribution of personal income in the UK: some econometric tests. Applied Economics: Vol. 16, No. 5, pp. 749-756.
Dynamics of Inventors' Network and Growth of Geographic Clusters: Evidence from Telecommunications Industry in NJ & TX

Geographic clusters are key carriers of regional economic development by promoting local competition and cooperation. As time goes on, clusters progress through different life-cycle stages due to both external and internal forces. Considering the importance of technology spillovers in growth of innovation, any cluster strategy has to consider the technology spillover activities carefully, though the task could be challenging. An earlier study of telecommunications clusters in New Jersey and Texas demonstrated New Jersey's telecom industry has been struggling to recover from the impact of deregulation and the economic downturn while Texas appeared moving ahead in terms of overall telecommunications innovation output. This paper provides further insight into these different trends in NJ and TX. The authors will examine the evolution of the inventors' networks overtime for the two States. A quantitative network analysis tool is employed to conduct the comparative study. The results support the earlier observations and demonstrate that the dynamics of the patent-inventor network can be a good predictor for the growth (or decline) of a geographic cluster. The analysis also shows that NJ's telecom cluster is still dominated by the giant players such as Lucent Technologies and AT&T. NJ inventors tend to stick with their big employers. The inventors' network of TX shows a very different pattern: inventors there are more likely to move around multiple employers. Such movements increase knowledge spillovers and strengthen the local network of researchers, leading to increased innovation output. The TX network shows a significant increase of connectivity over the past few years, but a similar trend was not found in NJ
A Description of Instructional Coaching and its Relationship to Consultation

In large numbers of elementary and secondary schools across the United States teachers are being called upon to provide support to colleagues through a process called “instructional coaching.” Despite widespread implementation of this role, resulting in part from federal initiatives, there is little consensus regarding its operational definition and little empirical research related to it. Following a brief description of the evolution of coaching along with a descriptive discussion of its implementation in schools, the authors describe various implementations of coaching, concluding that there is a need for fully-articulated theoretical and operational models of instructional coaching. The authors compare various coaching approaches to instructional and collaborative consultation and suggest that there is good reason for active communication and collaboration between consultants and coaches operating within the same schools. Finally, they describe current trends and needs related to professional developm...
A language and environment for architecture-based software development and evolution

Software architectures have the potential to substantially improve the development and evolution of large, complex, multi-lingual, multi-platform, long-running systems. However, in order to achieve this potential, specific techniques for architecture-based modeling, analysis, and evolution must be provided. Furthermore, one cannot fully benefit from such techniques unless support for mapping an architecture to an implementation also exists. This paper motivates and presents one such approach, which is an outgrowth of our experience with systems developed and evolved according to the C2 architectural style. We describe an architecture description language (ADL) specifically designed to support architecture-based evolution and discuss the kinds of evolution the language supports. We then describe a component-based environment that enables modeling, analysis, and evolution of architectures expressed in the ADL, as well as mapping of architectural models to an implementation infrastructure. The architecture of the environment itself can be evolved easily to support multiple ADLs, kinds of analyses, architectural styles, and implementation platforms. Our approach is fully reflexive: the environment can be used to describe, analyze, evolve, and (partially) implement itself, using the very ADL it supports. An existing architecture is used throughout the paper to provide illustrations and examples.
Rearrangements of organosilicon compounds I. The migratory aptitudes of various organic groups in the aluminum chloride-catalyzed rearrangement of (chloromethyl)triorganosilanes

Abstract The migratory aptitudes of various organic groups in the aluminum chloride- catalyzed rearrangement of (chloromethyl)triorganosilanes have been determined: Me, 1.00; Et, 2.07; n-Pr, 2.97; iso-Pr, ⪡ 1.00;ClCH2, ⪡ 1.00. Migration of the organic group from silicon to carbon is facilitated by electron-release and inhibited, relative to methyl, by branching at the α-carbon. The migratory aptitudes determined in this study and obtained by other workers are discussed in terms of a mechanism involving synchronous intrmolecular migration of the organic group and the chloride ion.
On the dynamics of the irreversible Michaelis-Menten reaction mechanism

Abstract The mass action kinetic model of the irreversible Michaelis-Menten reaction mechanism is mathematically intractable: an explicit analytical solution cannot be obtained. This difficulty is overcome by applying simplifying kinetic assumptions but a full understanding of their dynamic implications and applicability is not readily available. This paper shows how simple modal analysis can provide both a conceptually appealing insight into the reaction dynamics and justification of the commonly used quasi-steady-state and quasi-equilibrium assumptions. The key results are that the quasi-steady-state assumption is applicable when the initial enzyme concentration, e 0 , is much smaller than the Michaelis constant, K m , or when the initial substrate concentration, s 0 , is much greater than K m . These results show that the commonly accepted criterion e 0 s 0 is incomplete and should be decomposed into e 0 K m and K m s 0 . The quasi-equilibrium assumption is valid when e 0 ⪢⪢ K m and when the rate of product formation is much slower than reversion to the substrate from the intermediate state, or k 2 ⪢⪢ k −1 . The important dimensionless parameter ratios characterizing the reaction dynamics are e 0 / K m , s 0 / K m and k 2 / k −1 .