cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nutritional considerations in rheumatoid arthritis.

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. The severity of the disease process adversely affects nutritional status. Articular changes, such as small joint deformities and temporomandibular joint syndrome, alter the ability to self-feed. The inflammatory process may increase metabolic rate. Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and excretion may be compromised by secondary manifestations of the disease. Comprehensive nutrition assessment incorporates evaluation of disease and treatment-specific factors, along with the usual assessment parameters. Abnormal values for certain assessment parameters do not necessarily reflect nutritional status. Treatment methods, including medications, may have an impact on nutritional status, assessment tools, and self-feeding. Nutrition management goals focus on identification and implementation of feeding strategies. Evaluation of the ability to feed oneself includes consideration of functional status, secondary manifestations, and medical treatment. Multiple feeding modalities may be required. Oral supplements, tube feedings, and parenteral nutrition may be employed to meet the nutrition needs of the individual with rheumatoid arthritis. J Am Diet Assoc 88:327, 1988.
Olfactory Groove Meningiomas: Comparison of Extent of Frontal Lobe Changes After Lateral and Bifrontal Approaches

Objective Olfactory groove meningiomas often are behaviorally silent. Numerous surgical approaches have been described in the literature for the successful removal of these meningiomas. Lateral (pterional/frontolateral) and anterior (bifrontal/fronto-orbito-basal) approaches with their various modifications remain the 2 major corridors in resecting them. In this study, we discuss our experience in microsurgical treatment of these tumors at our institution and assess the extent of frontal lobe damage after the resection of tumor. Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent surgical excision of olfactory groove meningiomas from 1990 to 2014. To measure the extent of frontal lobe damage via lateral and anterior approaches, we measured the volume of porencephalic cave in the postoperative magnetic resonance imaging by using Brainlab software. The ratio of volume of porencephalic cave to tumor was measured between 2 sides and 2 approaches. Results Fifty-seven patients with olfactory groove meningiomas, who underwent 62 microsurgical resection procedures in 1990–2014 were included in the study (74% were more than 5 cm at presentation). Pterional and bifrontal craniotomies were the most commonly used approaches. At follow-up, the volume of porencephalic cave after lateral approach was significantly less in the side contralateral to craniotomy irrespective of tumor size. The difference between ratio of volume of porencephalic cave and initial tumor was significantly less after lateral approaches, when compared to anterior approaches. Conclusions Lateral approaches (pterional/frontolateral) resulted in less frontal lobe change and better olfactory preservation in comparison to anterior approaches in present series.
General properties of ideal MHD

Introduction This chapter presents a discussion of the basic properties of the ideal MHD model. These properties include the general conservation laws satisfied by the model as well several types of boundary conditions that are of interest to fusion plasmas. The discussion demonstrates the physical foundations of ideal MHD while providing insight into its reliability in predicting experimental behavior. The material is organized as follows. First, a short description is given of the three most common types of boundary conditions that couple the plasma behavior to the externally applied magnetic fields: (1) plasma surrounded by a perfectly conducting wall; (2) plasma isolated from a perfectly conducting wall by an insulating vacuum region; and (3) plasma surrounded by a vacuum with embedded external coils. The most complex of these provides a quite accurate description of realistic experimental conditions. Second, it is shown that despite the significant number of approximations made in the derivation of themodel, idealMHD still conserves mass, momentum, and energy, both locally and globally. This is one basic reason for the reliability of the model. Finally, a short calculation shows that as a consequence of the perfect conductivity assumption, the plasma and magnetic field lines are constrained to move together; that is, the field lines are “frozen” into the plasma. This leads to important topological constraints on the allowable dynamical motions of the plasma. In fact the property of “frozen-in” field line topology can be taken as the basic definition of “ideal” MHD.
Corruption, Contention, and Reform: Reform in an imperfect world

If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself. – James Madison, The Federalist Papers , 51 Restraining power Let us begin with a simple proposition about a complicated problem. Corruption will continue – indeed, may well be the norm – until those with a stake in ending it are able to oppose it in ways that cannot be ignored. Corruption is tenacious – often sustained by powerful incentives and, at times, protected by violence. The contemporary anti-corruption movement enjoys broad-based support, and can point to genuine accomplishments in terms of analysis and public awareness over the past generation. Yet particularly where reform has been most urgently needed, lasting reductions in corruption have been elusive (Mungiu-Pippidi 2006; Birdsall 2007; DFID 2009; United Nations 2010). The difficulty of measuring corruption makes any such judgment impressionistic: we can never know just how much corruption a society experiences, and tracing trends is even more difficult. Still, despite successes at the level of specific programs and agencies it is difficult to point to sustained and significant reductions in corruption in whole societies. Hong Kong and Singapore have had widely recognized success, but both are city-states whose undemocratic regimes could force extensive change, and where the economic benefits of reform could rapidly become apparent. Botswana teaches us important lessons about the value of socially rooted leadership but its population, spread over a large area, is just a quarter of Hong Kong’s. Japan and Belgium are perceived as having made steady progress, but already had solid national institutions in place. Korea, Indonesia, Ghana, and Taiwan are promising cases worth watching closely. Overall, however, the results of a generation’s hard work in pursuit of reform are not encouraging.
Piecewise Cubic Interpolation

This chapter discusses the basic ideas behind piecewise cubic interpolation. A large variety of interpolation methods exists that are designed to cope with special problems. The most popular class of methods is that of piecewise polynomial schemes. All these methods construct curves that consist of polynomial pieces of the same degree and that are of a prescribed overall smoothness. The given data are usually points and parameter values; sometimes, tangent information is added as well. In a surface generation environment, one is often given a set of points p i ∈ 3 and a surface normal vector n i at each data point. Thus, one only knows the tangent plane of the desired surface at each data point, not the actual endpoint derivatives of the patch boundary curves.
Hematospermia evaluation at MR imaging

Hematospermia is a challenging and anxiety-provoking condition that can manifest as a single episode or recur over the course of weeks to months. It is usually a benign self-limiting condition in younger sexually active males without a history of risk factors such as cancer, urogenital malformations, bleeding disorders, and their associated symptoms. However, patients with recurrent, refractory and painful hematospermia with associated symptoms, such as fever, pain, or weight loss, require evaluation through clinical assessment and noninvasive investigations to rule out underlying pathologic conditions such as ejaculatory obstruction, infectious and inflammatory causes, malignancy, vascular malformations, and systemic disorders that increase the risk of bleeding, especially when presenting in older men. If these investigations are negative, the patient should be reassured and treated accordingly. In the recent past, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has assumed a major role in the investigation of hematospermia due to its excellent soft-tissue contrast and multiplanar capabilities. In this review, we will discuss the potential causes of hematospermia and its diagnostic workup, including pathophysiology, anatomic considerations, the imaging appearance of associated pathologic conditions, and management. (©)RSNA, 2016.
Fatty old hearts: role of cardiac lipotoxicity in age-related cardiomyopathy

Age-related cardiomyopathy accounts for a significant part of heart failure cases. Imbalance of the energetic equilibrium of the heart along with mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired β-adrenergic receptor signaling contributes in the aggravation of cardiac function in the elderly. In this review article, studies that correlate cardiac aging with lipotoxicity are summarized. The involvement of inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, β-adrenergic receptor desensitization, and mitochondrial dysfunction as underlying mechanisms for the lipid-driven age-related cardiomyopathy are presented with the aim to indicate potential therapeutic targets for cardiac aging. Keywords: heart; aging; lipotoxicity; lipids (Published: 23 August 2016) Citation: Pathobiology of Aging & Age-related Diseases 2016, 6 : 32221 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/pba.v6.32221
Eating gestures detection by tracking finger motion

Research interests in individuals' eating habits are growing recently since unhealthy eating habits are highly related to various diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Monitoring people’s eating behavior provides opportunities to give feedbacks and suggestions towards healthy eating habits. Body worn inertial sensors are gaining popularity to provide a good solution for eating behavior recognition since they are convenient for subjects to wear in daily life. In this paper, a novel approach of detecting eating gestures by tracking finger motion is proposed. A dataset of 375 gestures, doing 7 activities is created for training and testing classifiers. A Teager energy based algorithm is designed for segmentation of gesture series. Seven state-of-the-art learning methods are tested to make binary (eating/non-eating) or multiclass (seven classes) classification. Accelerometer and gyroscope datasets are tested separately and compared. The results show that for finger motion data, K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) performs best and achieves 97.1% accuracy in binary classification, which performs better than on wrist motion dataset. The results indicate finger motion is an effective indicator for classifying eating and non-eating behaviors.
Economics and the Interpretation and Application of U.S. and E.U. Antitrust Law: A Summary

Part 1 (1) articulates and explains (A) the specific-anticompetitive-intent test of illegality that the study claims is promulgated by the Sherman Act, the object-branch of the test of illegality p...
Human papillomavirus tumour status is not associated with a positive depression screen for patients with oropharyngeal cancer.

Background: Several risk factors for depression in patients with oropharyngeal cancer have been determined. However, it is unknown whether human papillomavirus associated oropharyngeal cancer, which has a distinct clinico-demographic profile, modulates this risk. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of patients with oropharyngeal cancer. These patients had completed a 10-item depression screening questionnaire before receiving treatment for their disease from 2011 to 2014. Associations between patient or disease characteristics and depression screening questionnaire results were investigated. Results: The study comprised 69 patients, 31 (44.9 per cent) of whom screened positive for depression. There were no significant differences in distributions of clinico-demographic or histopathological characteristics, including human papillomavirus tumour status, by depression screen result. Conclusion: This population has a high risk for depression, but no obvious risk factors, including human papillomavirus tumour status, were associated with an elevated risk. This inability to risk-stratify patients by clinico-demographic or disease characteristics emphasises the importance of regular depression screening for all patients in this population.
Reversal of Spinal Cord Ischemia Following Endovascular Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Repair With Hyperbaric Oxygen and Therapeutic Hypothermia.

Background:Neurological adverse events with spinal cord ischemia (SCI) remain one of the most feared complications in patients undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). These patients...
The Metabolism and Biochemical Actions of Alkaloids in Animals

Abstract The metabolism and pharmacology of naturally-occurring alkaloids are reviewed, with emphasis on work of the last ten years during which there have been many important advances. It is recognized that the final effects of alkaloids on animals may result from activity of their metabolic products rather than of the original substance. Therefore one section discusses how alkaloids are metabolized, first in terms of the general processes and then with many examples of the metabolism of particular types of alkaloid structures. The second section on pharmacology deals with detailed biochemistry of alkaloid action at the level of molecule-to-molecule, rather than describing behavioral or gross physiological effects. Modern molecular biological methods have revealed the intimate structures of neural receptors and other cellular molecules with which the alkaloids interact. In this section of the review the material is organized according to the processes being affected rather than according to types of alkaloid. Thus there are subsections for the various neural receptors, structural components of cells, enzymes, etc.
Precision of Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Reflection Scans in Muscular Athletes.

Abstract Background: Offset scanning procedures, such as reflection scanning, allow for dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) body composition assessment of individuals who are too broad for standard scanning dimensions. However, limited information is available concerning the precision of this procedure, particularly in athletes. Methodology: Twenty-seven muscular athletes (n = 17 males, BMI: 28.8 ± 2.0 kg/m2, DXA body fat: 12.5 ± 2.7%; n = 10 females, BMI: 22.8 ± 1.6 kg/m2, DXA body fat: 19.2 ± 3.4%) underwent consecutive DXA scans on a GE Lunar Prodigy scanner using the reflection scanning technique. The fully automated output was obtained for each scan, and an additional version of each scan's output was saved after manual adjustment of regions of interest (ROI). Metrics of reliability and precision were calculated for total and regional body mass (BM), lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM) and bone mineral content (BMC). These metrics included the precision error (PE), least significant change, ΔMean, technical error of measurement, intraclass correlation coefficient, smallest worthwhile effect and minimum difference considered real. Results: Reflection scanning produced small errors for BM (PE: ∼0.5%), LM (PE
Coeditors’ introduction: Ensuring the success of dual language programs through alignment of research, policy, and practice

A growing body of research shows that dual language programs, both one-way and two-way models, are effective in closing achievement gaps between English Learners (ELs) and their non-EL peers (Thoma...
Cloud Datacenter SDN Monitoring: Experiences and Challenges

Cloud customers require highly reliable and performant leased datacenter infrastructure to deliver quality service for their users. It is thus critical for cloud providers to quickly detect and mitigate infrastructure faults. While much is known about managing faults that arise in the datacenter physical infrastructure (i.e., network and server equipment), comparatively little has been published regarding management of the logical overlay networks frequently employed to provide strong isolation in multi-tenant datacenters. We present a first look into the nuances of monitoring these "virtualized" networks through the lens of a large cloud provider. We describe challenges to building cloud-based fault monitoring systems, and use the output of a production system to illuminate how virtualization impacts multi-tenant datacenter fault management. We show that interactions between the virtualization, tenant software, and lower layers of the network fabric both simplify and complicate different aspects of fault detection and diagnosis efforts.
Intramolecular geometry and intermolecular interactions of the CNO group of crystalline benzonitrile oxides: a comparison with phenyl cyanates, phenyl isocyanates, and phenyl azides

Determination of the crystal structures of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile oxide (2,6-diCl), 2,3-dichlorobenzonitrile oxide (2,3-diCl), 3-bromobenzonitrile oxide (3-Br), and 4-chlorobenzonitrile oxide (4-Cl) has allowed examination of the variation in the geometry of the nitrile oxide group as a function of ring substitution as well as comparison of the solid-state molecular packing motifs of these reactive compounds. The geometry of the CNO group is found to be essentially linear in sterically unhindered 4-Cl but bent by as much as eleven degrees at the Cring–CN angle in more hindered benzonitrile oxides reported by previous investigators. Comparison of the nitrile oxide group geometry with the geometries of the three-atom functional groups of phenyl cyanates, phenyl isocyanates, and phenyl azides shows that in spite of their greater flexibility, the degree of bending in even the most nonlinear benzonitrile oxides does not approach that in these other three pseudohalogens. This difference in geometry may prevent their isomorphism. Isomorphism even among the reported phenyl cyanates, phenyl isocyanates, and phenyl azides is rare, although the relatively few structures reported in the Cambridge Structural Database of particularly the cyanates and isocyanates, as well as of the nitrile oxides, offer only a limited basis for comparison. A search of those structures for two-point intermolecular contacts between the three-atom functional groups in all four chemical families has revealed some initial relationships among them and may serve as a basis for future investigation of their solid-state reactivity.
CheckNet: Secure Inference on Untrusted Devices.

We introduce CheckNet, a method for secure inference with deep neural networks on untrusted devices. CheckNet is like a checksum for neural network inference: it verifies the integrity of the inference computation performed by untrusted devices to 1) ensure the inference has actually been performed, and 2) ensure the inference has not been manipulated by an attacker. CheckNet is completely transparent to the third party running the computation, applicable to all types of neural networks, does not require specialized hardware, adds little overhead, and has negligible impact on model performance. CheckNet can be configured to provide different levels of security depending on application needs and compute/communication budgets. We present both empirical and theoretical validation of CheckNet on multiple popular deep neural network models, showing excellent attack detection (0.88-0.99 AUC) and attack success bounds.
Higgs oscillations in time-resolved optical conductivity

Driving superconductors out of equilibrium is a promising avenue to study their equilibrium properties as well as to control the superconducting state. Nonequilibrium superconductors are often studied using time-resolved optical conductivity measurements. Thus, the characterization of a superconducting state in a pump driven nonequilibrium state requires careful attention in the time domain. We calculate the time-resolved optical conductivity of a pumped superconducting state using a nonequilibrium Keldysh approach. Through functional derivation, the optical conductivity is obtained with full vertex corrections and used to characterize the transient superconducting state. The transient optical conductivity shows the suppression of the superconducting order parameter in the time domain. The subsequent recovery of the order parameter exhibits oscillatory behavior that corresponds to the Higgs amplitude mode, and may be seen in several parts of the spectrum.
Abstract 1293: MYC transcription activation mediated by OCT4 as a mechanism of resistance to 13-cisRA-mediated differentiation in neuroblastoma

MYCN genomic amplification is one of the risk factors in neuroblastoma. 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cisRA), a differentiating agent, down-regulates MYCN protein and is part of neuroblastoma maintenance therapy. Despite the improvement in clinical outcome with 13-cisRA, anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody plus cytokine immunotherapy given in first response ~40% of high-risk neuroblastoma patients still die of recurrent disease. Although MYC genomic amplification is rare in neuroblastoma (~1%), 11% of neuroblastoma primary tumors collected at diagnosis (Dx) have high c-MYC protein suggesting that MYC transcriptional activation rather than its gene amplification drives such tumors. Here, we sought to investigate the role of MYC oncogene in progressive disease (PD) and to molecularly characterize mechanisms of MYC expression in neuroblastoma. We report transcriptional activation of MYC medicated by the OCT4 (encoded by POU5F1), functionally replacing MYCN in 13-cisRA-resistant progressive disease neuroblastoma. In large panels of neuroblastoma patient-derived cell lines (19 Dx and 16 PD) and patient-derived xenograft PDX models (8 Dx and 9 PD), we confirmed that c-MYC expression levels were higher in PD relative to Dx lines (P = 0.0005). We identified OCT4 and TCF3 as transcription factors highly expressed in neuroblastoma cells with high c-MYC. Subsequently, we confirmed two novel OCT4-binding sites (including OBS1 and OBS2) located in the MYC promoter/enhancer region: -1209 to -1140 and found that OCT4 NH2-terminal domain (NTD) and POU specific domain (POUs) are critical for MYC transcriptional activation. To identify kinases that is associated with OCT4-induced c-MYC activation, we used mass spectrometry and PhosphoMotif Finder® and identified MAPKAPK2 (MK2) as one of the upstream kinases that can bind to and directly regulate the OCT4 biological function by phosphorylation at its amino acid Ser111 residue to transcriptionally activate MYC expression. The data in 175 MYCN non-amplified high-risk primary tumors (TARGET database) showed that MAPKAPK2 positively correlated with MYC expression (P Citation Format: Sung Jen Wei, Thinh H. Nguyen, Dustin G. Mook, Monish R. Makena, Dattesh Verlekar, Ashly Hindle, Gloria Martinez, Shengping Yang, Hiroyuki Shimada, C. Patrick Reynolds, Min H. Kang. MYC transcription activation mediated by OCT4 as a mechanism of resistance to 13-cisRA-mediated differentiation in neuroblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1293.
Patient experience of an integrated care model in a family practice clinic & FQHC

In order to investigate the patient experience of integrated behavioral health care in primary care settings, we implemented a patient cohort model from a combined site sample (N = 727) consisting ...
Split internal-loop photobioreactor for Scenedesmus sp. microalgae: Culturing and hydrodynamics

Abstract In this study, the evaluation of the performance of the split internal loop photobioreactor for culturing a species of green microalgae, Scenedesmus sp. under different operating superficial gas velocity and during a different time of growth (i.e., starting for the first day until end day of the culturing process) was addressed. The evaluation of the performance of the split internal loop photobioreactor was included assessing the density, pH, temperature, viscosity, surface tension, the optical density, cell population, dry biomass, and chlorophyll of the culture medium of the microalgae culturing. Additionally, the hydrodynamics of a Split Internal-Loop Photobioreactor with microalgae culturing was comprehensively quantified. Radioactive particle tracking (RPT) and gamma-ray computed tomography (CT) techniques were applied for the first time to quantify and address the influence of microalgae culture on the hydrodynamic parameters. The hydrodynamics parameters such as local liquid velocity field, shear stresses, turbulent kinetic energy, and local gas holdup profiles were measured at different superficial gas velocities as well as under different times of algae growth. The obtained results indicate that the flow distribution may significantly affect the performance of the photobioreactor, which may have substantial effects on the cultivation process. The obtained experimental data can serve as benchmark data for the evaluation and validation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes and their closures. This, in turn, allows us to develop efficient reactors and consequently improving the productivity and selectivity of these photobioreactors.
Citations of Murray Sidman's work in JEAB: Evidence of a long and large contribution

We examined citations of Murray Sidman's publications in the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior from the journal's inception in 1958 through May 2020. On average, he was cited 35.6 times per year. The rate of citation did not change substantially across time and the cumulative citation count was 2,212. His 10 publications cited most often deal with behavior-analytic research methods, stimulus equivalence, and unsignaled free-operant (or Sidman) avoidance. Our data provide clear evidence of the breadth and depth of Sidman's influence on the experimental analysis of behavior across 7 decades. His contributions were both exceptional and praiseworthy and his legacy will long endure.
Gigahertz-Band Integrated Magnetic Inductors

The demand on mobile electronics to continue to shrink in size while increasing in efficiency drives the demand on the internal passive components to do the same. Power amplifiers require inductors with small form factors, high quality factors ( $Q\text{s}$ ), and high operating frequency in the single-digit gigahertz range. This paper explores the use of magnetic materials to satisfy the demands of power amplifier inductor applications. This paper then discusses the optimization choices regarding material selection, device design, and fabrication methodology. The inductors achieved here present the best performance to date for an integrated magnetic core inductor at high frequencies with a 1-nH inductance and peak $Q$ value of four at about 3 GHz. Such compact inductors show potential for efficiently meeting the need of mobile electronics in the future.
Microbiota metabolic exchange is critical for colorectal cancer redox homeostasis and growth

Intestinal microbiota play a fundamental role in human health and disease. Microbial dysbiosis is a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC) as tumor stage-specific shifts potentiate tumor growth, influence the inflammatory microenvironment, and alter response to therapy. Recent work has demonstrated a critical role for microbial metabolite exchange in host response. However, the role of most microbial metabolites in colon cancer growth is unclear. To better understand how metabolic exchange between the microbiota and tumor epithelium alter CRC growth, a screen of the most abundant bacterially derived metabolites was assessed. Several metabolites were found to alter CRC growth, but reuterin most significantly suppressed CRC cell proliferation. Reuterin is a bifunctional metabolite containing both hydroxy and aldehyde functional groups. Reuterin is primarily synthesized from glycerol by Lactobacillus reuteri, a commensal bacterium found throughout the gastrointestinal tract. We found that reuterin suppresses growth via alterations to the redox balance of CRC cells. Mechanistically, reuterin potentiates reactive oxygen species (ROS) which leads to irreversible cysteine oxidation and enhanced cell death. Supplementation of either antioxidants or hydrogen sulfide fully rescued growth , suggesting that reuterin is suppressing CRC growth through protein oxidation. These studies demonstrate the potential of reuterin to act as a potent chemotherapeutic for treating colorectal cancers.
Optimization of primitive gate networks using multiple output two-level minimization

A novel method for the optimization of a primitive gate network is presented. The author explains why a primitive gate representation may be necessary in certain situations and describes the problems associated with using two-level minimization in that case. He then describes a method for applying two-level minimization for the optimization of a primitive gate network. The approach is based on multiple-output two-level minimization as in MIS. It was effective in reducing the number of gates and connections in a network while maintaining the primitive gate representation.
Fact, fiction or Photoshop: Building awareness of visual manipulation through image editing software

Among the most difficult aspects of building visual literacy is creating awareness of manipulation, a task made continuously harder by the prevalence of ‘Photoshopped’ or digitally altered photos t...
Genetic Variation for Seed Oil Biosynthesis in Soybean

Soybean is an important oilseed crop which supplies both industrial processes and animal feed as well as having a number of food uses. The high yields of oil from soybean seed, along with large planting acreage, significant production infrastructure, and its capacity to fix nitrogen, make it the second most valuable crop in the USA and fourth in the world. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the genetics of fatty acid biosynthesis in plants, based on soybean and other species. We describe recent biotechnological approaches to improve or alter oil content and oil profile in soybean. We provide a list of the presently understood genetic variants, both natural and induced by mutagenesis, in the known soybean fatty acid biosynthesis genes, including four mutations not previously described. We discuss the implications of the increasing amount of genomic data available for composition improvement, using the known fatty acid biosynthesis genes as a case study, and describe potentially new oil gene mutants based on genome sequence data.
Preliminary results of phase 2 trial of preoperative image guided intensity modulated proton radiation therapy (IMPT) with simultaneously integrated boost (SIB) to the high-risk margin for retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS).

11550Background: RPS often have local recurrence (LR) after surgery. Preoperative radiation (RT) to 50.4 Gy can reduce LR risk but is not uniformly effective, especially after (+) margin resections...
Levetiracetam Prophylaxis for Children Admitted With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Abstract Background Prophylactic antiseizure medications (ASMs) for pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) are understudied. We evaluated clinical and radiographic features that inform prescription of ASMs for pediatric TBI. We hypothesized that despite a lack of evidence, levetiracetam is the preferred prophylactic ASM but that prophylaxis is inconsistently prescribed. Methods This retrospective study assessed children admitted with TBI from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019. TBI severity was defined using Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores. Two independent neuroradiologists reviewed initial head computed tomography and brain magnetic resonance imaging. Fisher exact tests and descriptive and regression analyses were conducted. Results Among 167 children with TBI, 44 (26%) received ASM prophylaxis. All 44 (100%) received levetiracetam. Prophylaxis was more commonly prescribed for younger children, those with neurosurgical intervention, and abnormal neuroimaging (particularly intraparenchymal hematoma) (odds ratio = 10.3, confidence interval 1.8 to 58.9), or GCS ≤12. Six children (13.6%), all on ASM, developed early posttraumatic seizures (EPTSs). Of children with GCS ≤12, four of 17 (23.5%) on levetiracetam prophylaxis developed EPTSs, higher than the reported rate for phenytoin. Conclusions Although some studies suggest it may be inferior to phenytoin, levetiracetam was exclusively used for EPTS prophylaxis. Intraparenchymal hematoma >1 cm was the single neuroimaging feature associated with ASM prophylaxis regardless of the GCS score. Yet these trends are not equivalent to optimal evidence-based management. We still observed important variability in neuroimaging characteristics and TBI severity for children on prophylaxis. Thus, further study of ASM prophylaxis and prevention of pediatric EPTSs is warranted.
Bacterial Communities of Lab and Field Northern House Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Throughout Diapause.

Abstract Diapause is a hormonally driven response which is triggered by environmental cues that signal impending adverse conditions and prompts metabolic, developmental, and behavioral changes to allow survival until the return of favorable conditions. Microbial symbionts have been shown to influence the metabolism, development, and behavior of their host organisms, all of which are common diapause-associated characteristics. Surveys of bacterial components in relation to diapause have been examined in few systems, of which the species are usually inactive during dormancy, such as eggs or pupae. This is specifically intriguing as adult female diapause in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) can last between 4 and 7 mo and females remain mobile within their hibernacula. Furthermore, it is unknown how microbiota changes associated with prolonged dormancy are different between the lab and field for insect systems. This study aims to characterize how the microbiota of C. pipiens changes throughout diapause under both field and lab settings when provided identical food and water resources. Based on these studies, C. pipiens microbiota shifts as diapause progresses and there are considerable differences between field and lab individuals even when provided the same carbohydrate and water sources. Specific bacterial communities have more association with different periods of diapause, field and lab rearing conditions, and nutritional reserve levels. These studies highlight that diapausing mosquito microbiota studies ideally should occur in field mesocosms and at multiple locations, to increase applicability to wild C. pipiens as prolonged exposure to artificial rearing conditions could impact metrics related to diapause-microbiome interactions. Additionally, these findings suggest that it would be worthwhile to establish if the microbiota shift during diapause impacts host physiology and whether this shift is critical to diapause success.
Role of exercise stress testing in healthy subjects and patients with coronary heart disease: Controversies in cardiology—I

The value of the exercise stress test in the evaluation of clinically healthy subjects and patients with coronary heart disease is not limited to the isolated interpretation of abnormalities of the S-T segment. Other measurable parameters which are of diagnostic and prognostic importance include: (1) a decrease in systolic blood pressure during exercise; (2) the appearance of complex ventricular arrhythmias of low exercise heart rates; (3) the appearance of inverted U waves during or after exercise; (4) the patient's maximal exercise capacity; and (5) new auscultatory findings postexercise. The reliability of the exercise test as a diagnostic tool is futher enhanced by proper patient selection and careful attention to exercise techniques. Subjects with labile ST-T wave changes during standing hyperventilation, fixed ST-T changes at rest, and intraventricular conduction defects are not ideal candidates for "diagnostic" stress testing and the examining physician must rely more heavily on nonelectrocardiographic findings. The criteria used to define an abnormal S-T response will vary according to the lead system used. However, in both symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects the appearance of marked degrees of S-T depression at low exercise heart rates significantly increases the probability of finding advanced coronary disease, particularly if the S-T depression is seen in multiple monitoring leads and is of prolonged duration postexercise.
Polyriboadenylate synthesis by nuclei from developing sea urchin embryos: I. Characterization of the ATP polymerase reaction

Abstract The characteristics of an ATP polymerase (ATP:polynucleotide adenylyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.19) which occurs in nuclear preparations from developing sea urchin embryos have been studied. The enzyme incorporates [8- 14 C]AMP into an acid-insoluble product; CTP, UTP, and GTP inhibit AMP incorporation and are not polymerized. Deoxyadenosine triphosphate is incorporated approximately one-tenth as efficiently as AMP. Inorganic pyrophosphate, but not phosphate, inhibits the reaction.
Boundary value problems in transport with mixed and oblique derivative boundary conditions-II: Reduction to first order systems

Abstract Mixed second derivative or oblique derivative boundary conditions for the steady state heat conduction equation with heat generation in the two-dimensional plane are of importance in applications[1]. In general, they lead to non-selfadjoint boundary value problems or to singular integral equations. In this paper, the second order partial differential equations have been decomposed into first order systems, which under suitable circumstances can be conveniently adapted to satisfy the mixed or oblique derivative boundary conditions. Furthermore, the differential operator with respect to one of the variables is shown to be symmetric in its domain, possessing a denumerable set of eigenvalues and a complete set of eigenvectors. The solution to the boundary value problems is obtained by expansion in terms of these eigenvectors. The method works in infinite regions with separable coordinates, where it gives the same solution as that by infinite Fourier transform. It also works on finite regions, when periodic boundary conditions are used such as in right circular cylinders. Solutions are presented for an infinite slab and concentric annulus for both mixed and oblique derivative boundary conditions.
A multi‐hop mobility management protocol for heterogeneous wireless networks

Purpose – Mobility management for single‐hop cellular networks has received much research attention in the last few years. One of the research challenges for 4G wireless systems is the design of mobility management techniques that integrate cellular and ad‐hoc networks. Currently, there are no structured mobility management schemes for these heterogeneous multi‐hop networks. This paper aims to address these issues.Design/methodology/approach – This paper describes techniques for tracking a mobile node (MN) in an integrated architecture with minimum overhead. This paper proposes group rerouting concept.Findings – The paper implements and evaluates the proposed protocol by using the network simulator (NS‐2). The proposed protocol increases performance compared to broadcasting schemes.Research limitations/implications – This scheme considers devices with two interfaces only.Practical implications – The paper proposes a scheme to extend the coverage of cellular base stations by using ad‐hoc devices.Originalit...
Analysis of factors contributing to treatment failures in Stages IB and IIA carcinoma of the cervix

Between April, 1971, and September, 1977, 98 patients with Stages IB and IIA cervical cancer who underwent surgical exploration prior to treatment at Hershey Medical Center were studied. Those who had bulky primary tumor (greater than or equal to 4 cm) had a higher incidence of nodal metastases (80% vs. 16%), local recurrences (40% vs. 5%), and distant metastases (40% vs. 1%). Patients who had positive nodes had more local recurrences (24% vs. 6%) and distant metastases (28% vs. 0%). Those with grossly positive nodes had more distant metastases (60% vs. 7%) than those with microscopically positive nodes. Those who had positive nodes, vascular invasion, and/or deep invasion of the cervix (greater than or equal to 70% of thickness) in the radical hysterectomy specimen had more nodal metastases and local recurrences. Postoperative radiation seemed to prevent local recurrences (40% vs. 6%) and improve the 2-year tumor-free survival rate (94% vs. 55%). Patients who had bulky primary tumors and/or grossly positive nodes at laparatomy may require systemic therapy in view of the high incidence of distant failures.
The Spar Lake strata-Bound Cu-Ag deposit formed across a mixing zone between trapped natural gas and metals-bearing brine

Ore formation at the Spar Lake red bed-associated strata-bound Cu deposit took place across a mixing and reaction zone between a hot oxidized metals-transporting brine and a reservoir of “sour” (H2S-bearing) natural gas trapped in the host sandstones. Fluid inclusion volatile analyses have very high CH4 concentrations (≥1 mol % in most samples), and a sample from the fringe of the deposit has between 18 and 36 mol % CH4. The ratio of CH4/CO2 in fluid inclusions appears to vary regularly across the deposit, with the lowest CH4/CO2 ratios from high-grade chalcocite-bearing ore, and the highest from the chalcopyrite-bearing fringe. The helium R/Ra isotope ratios (0.23–0.98) and concentrations define a mixture between crustal and atmospheric helium. The volatiles in fluid inclusions (CH4, CO2, H2S, SO2, H2, H2O, and other organic gases) and values of f O2 and temperature calculated from the volatiles data all show gradations across the deposit that are completely consistent with such a mixing and reaction zone. Other volatiles from the fluid inclusions (HCl, HF, 3He, 4He, N2, Ar) characterize the brine and give evidence for only shallow crustal fluids with no magmatic influences. The brine entered the gas reservoir from below and along the axis of the deposit and migrated out along bedding to the southwest, northeast, and northwest. Metals-transporting brines may have been fed into the host sandstones from the East Fault, but that remains uncertain. Abundant ore-stage Fe and Mn calcite cements from the reduced fringe have δ 13C values as low as −18.4‰, and many values less than −10‰, which indicate that significant carbonate was generated by oxidation of organic carbon from the natural gas. The zone of calcite cements with very low δ 13C values approximately envelopes chalcocite-bearing ore. Sulfur isotope data of Cu, Pb, and Fe sulfides and barite indicate derivation of roughly half of the orebody sulfide directly from sour gas H2S. That sour gas H2S had developed in steps known from other sedimentary basins, starting with (1) bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) of seawater sulfate having δ 34S of about 20‰ and sequestering of the sulfide in organic matter in source rocks stratigraphically below the deposit host rocks, followed by (2) maturation of the sulfide-bearing organic matter into liquid petroleum with relatively homogeneous sulfide having δ 34S of 5 ± 5‰, then by (3) thermal cracking of the oil to CH4 and H2S with relatively homogeneous sulfide having δ 34S closely distributed, about 6‰. The CH4 and H2S migrated and were trapped in sandstones of the upper member of the Revett Formation, where they were later met by the 200°C metals-transporting brine. There was additional contribution of sulfide to ore from later thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) operating on sulfate δ 34S of 20 to 29‰ in both formation waters and metals-transporting solutions. A large range of δ 34S in sulfides resulted as the 6‰ sour gas sulfide was supplemented with varying proportions of 20 to 29‰ sulfide from TSR.
Direct Visualization of CHIP-Mediated Degradation of Alpha-Synuclein In Vivo: Implications for PD Therapeutics

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by Lewy bodies, a pathological hallmark comprised mostly of aggregated alpha synuclein. Accumulating evidence demonstrates the association of smaller oligomeric aggregates to disease etiology and many therapeutic approaches are aimed at inhibiting and reducing the aggregation process. Molecular chaperones and co-chaperones play a key role in protein homeostasis and have potential as therapeutics to inhibit alpha synuclein associated toxicity. Here we use a gene therapy approach to evaluate the applicability of the Hsp70 co-chaperone CHIP (C-terminal Hsp70 interacting protein) as a therapeutic candidate and examine its direct effect on alpha synuclein aggregates in vivo. Utilizing a novel viral vector mediated rat model to directly detect alpha synuclein aggregates, we show that CHIP can mediate the degradation of alpha synuclein aggregates in vivo. However, our studies also reveal that CHIP may potentially degrade tyrosine hydroxylase which would compromise the applicability of CHIP as a therapeutic approach for Parkinson's disease.
Disclosing HIV status. Ethical issues explored.

Ethical concerns in the AIDS crisis have recently shifted to the problem of disclosure on the part of health professionals. Is it really wise to establish a policy requiring health professionals to disclose that they have a positive serological test for HIV?