cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is corporate communications kidnapping public relations

While a number of public relations scholars and professionals view their field as synonymous with corporate communications, practitioners and theorists of the latter usually claim public relations as alma mater of their discipline yet still see corporate communications overcoming public relations. An analysis of modern literature in corporate communications unveils a battle for power in the field of relationship cultivation between scholars of corporate communications and those of public relations. This article argues that the field of public relations should have an identity based on functional, societal, and organizational goals that goes beyond the link between communication and business outcomes, such as revenues, earnings, and market share, claimed by the field of corporate communications. ©Journal of Professional Communication, all rights reserved.
A quantitative analysis of volcanic unrest: Mt. Spurr Alaska, 2002–2006

Abstract The volcano unrest event at Mt. Spurr, Alaska, which occurred between 2002 and 2006, was characterized by increased seismicity and heat transfer that resulted in ice melting at the summit, increased CO 2 transport, and debris flows; but it did not result in a magmatic eruption. We argue that rupturing of the brittle-ductile barrier at a depth of approximately 5 km below sea level, as suggested by the observed seismicity, coupled with the release of magmatic volatiles, and diffusion of the resulting pressure pulse through the edifice likely enhanced heat transfer from the pre-existing hydrothermal system beneath the summit. The estimated heat output of ≈ 32 MW and thermal energy release of ≈ 2.1 × 10 15 J that derived from the volume of ice melted over the duration of the unrest event shows that heat transport by CO 2 alone was not sufficient to generate the observed thermal effects. Assuming the observed heat output represents a ≈ 10% perturbation on the background heat output, a similar increase in the Rayleigh number in a convecting liquid-dominated reservoir above a background value ~ 100 times critical would produce the observed heat output. This result yields a permeability ranging between 2 × 10 − 14 and 10 − 13 m 2 , depending on the thickness and temperature difference assumed. The enhanced heat flux from the liquid reservoir to the overlying vapor-dominated regime, or movement of liquid into the two-phase regime as a result of the pressure drive associated with the rupture of the brittle-ductile barrier, could also yield the observed heat output.
Simulation Research on Effectiveness of Airborne Electronic Jamming Pod

This paper aims to address the difficult problems of the pod effectiveness evaluation and tactical research,through simulation research on the effectiveness of airborne electronic jamming pod.The establishment of realistic pod model is important and difficult in this research.In this paper,Model is established by calculating the radar detection probability approximation after joining interference signal.Next,the factors and the structure of the system and design of logic module are analyzed by using UML.Finally,simulation results are obtained.Simulation results show that the enemy's radar detection probability is reduced substantially as the pod turned on.The simulation results better reflect the actual performance of the pod.This paper draws some conclusions.Firstly,the use of simulation methods to explore the practical performance of pod is feasible.Secondly,the simulation not only makes a quantitative assessment about the effectiveness of the jamming pod,but also can optimize battle plan of the pod to improve jamming effectiveness.This paper has some significance for further research of large battle simulation system and EW simulation system in decision support software.
Increased sulfation and decreased 7alpha-hydroxylation of deoxycholic acid in ethinyl estradiol-induced cholestasis in rats.

Deoxycholic acid conjugation, transport capacity, and metabolism were compared in control and ethinyl estradiol-treated rats. Control rats were found to have a lower capacity to transport deoxycholic acid than taurodeoxycholic acid, and both were decreased by ethinyl estradiol treatment. During [24-14C]sodium deoxycholate infusion, [14C]biliary bile acid secretion increased, but bile flow did not change significantly in either control or ethinyl estradiol-treated rats. Ethinyl estradiol-treated animals excreted significantly less 14C as taurocholic acid than did control animals, consistent with an impairment of 7a-hydroxylation of taurodeoxycholic acid. Ethinyl estradiol treatment did not impair conjugation of deoxycholic acid, but did result in an increase in sulfation of taurodeoxycholic acid from 1.5% in controls to nearly 4.0% (P
Engaging the Alcoholic in Treatment and Keeping Him There

Although heroin addiction is more dramatic and newsworthy because of its stronger association with crimes against property, it is generally agreed among professionals in the field of alcoholism and drug dependence that alcoholism is by far the more extensive public health problem of the two. Four major stumbling blocks have always faced those who try to treat alcoholics: (1) The vast majority of alcoholics remain undetected and undiagnosed and do not receive treatment for their alcoholism, if they ever get it, until their condition is far advanced. (2) Once referred for treatment, a high percentage of alcoholics fail to negotiate successfully the jump from referring source to treatment facility. (3) Once in treatment, the alcoholic patient is likely to quickly drop out of it. (4) Among the variety of treatment approaches available, it is by no means clear which is most appropriate for a given patient.
Achievement and Expectations of Immigrant, Second Generation, and Non-immigrant Black Students in U.S. Higher Education

Research on academic achievement contrasting Black immigrant, second generation, and non-immigrant students as distinct groups is surprisingly sparse in the higher education literature. This study examined Black immigrant and second generation undergraduates from Africa and the Caribbean and non-immigrant Black American undergraduates, using the contrasting lenses of segmented assimilation theory and cultural ecological theory. Results for academic achievement favored second generation students, consistent with cultural ecological theory, while findings concerning expectations were more consistent with segmented assimilation theory. However, findings were moderated by gender in complex ways. This research indicates the need for more comprehensive theories of immigrant student achievement and motivation that incorporate consideration of the context surrounding both emigration from the home country and immigration to the host country.
Review and Management of Acneiform Eruptions in Patients with Immune Disorders

Immune disorders are associated with acne or acneiform lesions secondary to the occurrence of acne vulgaris or acneiform eruptions arising as a result of immunosuppressive medication or infection. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of acne and acneiform eruptions that can arise in the immunosuppressed host. Tips for differentiating between various acneiform entities are discussed, as well as a brief overview of treatment considerations.
A novel multifunctional soft robotic transducer made with poly (ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) ionomer metal nanocomposite

Reported is realization of a novel ionic electro-active biomimetic soft robotic polymer metal nanocomposite known as poly (ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) metal composite (called EMAMC in this paper) capable of functioning as soft robotic biomimetic actuators, energy harvesters and sensors. By soft robotic it is meant that these materials are easily deformable soft plastics like an elephant trunk. Further reported is the manufacturing methodology of the novel multi-functional electroactive polymer metal nanocomposite EMAMC. The electro-less chemical plating is performed by a chemical REDOX operation on poly (ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) or (PEMAA) ionomer with a metal. PEMAA is a commercially available ionomer commercially known as Surlyn® by DuPont and used for manufacturing golf balls. Surlyn® is a copolymer of ethylene and methacrylic acid groups and is partially neutralized with Na+ ions. To increase the ion exchange capability of Surlyn® the polymer is subjected to a chemical hydrolysis in potassium and sodium hydroxides (KOH, NaOH) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). This procedure is followed by a chemical REDOX procedure in which PEMAA is first oxidized in a metallic salt solution followed and then reduced in a lithium and sodium borohydride solutions to deposit metallic nanoparticles near boundaries and on the surfaces of hydrolyzed Surlyn®. This REDOX operation creates highly conductive electrodes on and near boundary surfaces. It is then observed that application of a low voltage across the EMAMC causes it to deform softly (actuation mode) with a significant force density and soft bending and deforming the EMAMC will generate electricity (energy harvesting and sensing modes). The preliminary results of actuation and sensing of the EMAMC are reported in this paper.
BugBase predicts organism-level microbiome phenotypes

Shotgun metagenomics and marker gene amplicon sequencing can be used to directly measure or predict the functional repertoire of the microbiota en masse, but current methods do not readily estimate the functional capability of individual microorganisms. Here we present BugBase, an algorithm that predicts organism-level coverage of functional pathways as well as biologically interpretable phenotypes such as oxygen tolerance, Gram staining, and pathogenic potential, within complex microbiomes using either whole-genome shotgun or marker gene sequencing data. We find the organism-level pathway coverage of BugBase predictions to be statistically higher powered than current bag-of-genes approaches for discerning functional changes in both host-associated and environmental microbiomes.
Food and Drug Administration Proposed Testing Guidelines for Developmental Toxicity Studies

Abstract The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the agency responsible for ensuring that the direct food additives and color additives used in food in the United States are safe for all consumers. In 1982, in an effort to provide guidance concerning appropriate tests, the FDA issued Toxicological Principles for the Safety Assessment of Direct Food Additives and Color Additives Used in Food, commonly known as the Redbook. The Redbook included detailed guidelines for testing the effects of direct and indirect food and color additives on mothers and their developing fetuses. Based on refinements in safety assessment and risk evaluation as well as expansion of knowledge concerning the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of food and color additives, the need to revise and update the 1982 document became apparent. In 1993, Redbook II in draft form was made available for public comment. Since then, test end points and developmental landmarks have been refined. The latest proposed guidelines for developmental toxicity studies are provided here.
Market Volatility and Momentum: Evidence from Pakistani Stock Exchange

This study explores the relationship between market volatility and momentum profitability. This study indicates that market state volatility has significant power to forecast momentum payoffs, especially in negative market states. The results are the context in the presence of market state and business cycle variables. Market premium is significant and negative. Market volatility is also found negatively influencing momentum profits. Volatility is divided into volatility in the positive market and volatility in the negative market. Both are significantly and negatively influencing momentum profits. Vol+ and Vol- both have negative signs; Vol- is dominant in terms of the magnitudes of the coefficient and the t-statistics. Business cycle effect measured by term and yield is not found significant. Non-linearity has not been observed regarding the term. Results are found robust for market adjusted momentum payoff. The study also explores the impact of market state, volatility and business cycles on the return of loser and winner portfolio. This study reports that returns of the loser portfolios are explained by market component, whereas volatility is found to be insignificant. The macroeconomic variables TERM, TERM2 and YLD show signs of statistical significance. Market factor is significantly and positively influencing winner portfolios. The results indicate that volatile markets forecast low returns on winner stocks. Return dispersion used to measures cross-sectional is also found significant. The study recommends that investors should devise investment and momentum strategies on the basis of the volatility of stocks and the business cycle. The tests of this study show that volatile down markets forecast low momentum payoffs. The time-series predictability of momentum is asymmetric, which arises from loser stocks.
Influences on diabetes education participation in a low-income, Spanish-speaking, Latino population

Objective: To investigate influences on participation in diabetes education classes in a low-income, Spanish-speaking, Latino population. Methods: 15 patients from an Oregon clinic participated in semi-structured interviews to understand influences on their participation in diabetes education, and a thematic analysis was conducted. Results: Four themes characterized the data: 1) lack of resources; 2) culture; 3) relationship with diabetes; 4) relationship with the clinic. Barriers to class attendance included: work conflicts and lack of childcare and transportation; shame and lack of interest in health in males; and difficulty contacting participants. Motivators of class attendance included: interest in health for the sake of family; interest in nutrition; effects of diabetes on self, friends, and family; and positive experiences with group support and self-efficacy in class. Conclusion: This study provides important insights into participation in diabetes education in a lowincome, Spanish-speaking, Latino population. Practice implications: To increase diabetes education participation in this population, creative, targeted approaches to DSME classes are needed. These may include: classes that are accessible in terms of finances and time; classes focusing on strong, healthy males, family involvement, celebration of healthy Latino food, group support, and self-efficacy; and the use of trusted, motivated peers to recruit hard-toreach participants. INFLUENCES ON DIABETES EDUCATION PARTICIPATION 3 Influences on diabetes education participation in a low-income, Spanish-speaking, Latino population
Making a Difference: The Causes and Effects of Leader Heterogeneity

The impact of leaders has long been a topic in social science. Previous research has examined leader impact by comparing leaders to their predecessors and successors, but leader impact may be best analyzed counterfactually, by comparing leaders to what others might have done. Conceptualizing leader impact in this way narrows the scope of potential impact while also changing its nature. Leader selection systems tend to produce candidates who fit a type and would make similar decisions, so even leaders with considerable discretion can have little impact. When leaders do take actions that are substantially different from those that others might have made in the same situation, however, these actions are likely to result in extreme outcomes that are either highly positive or negative for their organization. The paper introduces two constructs, unique impact, the marginal difference between what a leader did and what likely alternates would have done, and filtration, the extent to which the selection system ha...
Primary Care Practitioners' Perceptions of Electronic Consult Systems: A Qualitative Analysis.

Importance Safety-net health systems across the country are implementing electronic consult (eConsult) systems in which primary care practitioners (PCPs) submit all requests for specialty assistance electronically to be reviewed and discussed with specialists. Evidence suggests that eConsult systems can make significant improvements in specialty access, but the outcomes of these systems for frontline PCPs is poorly understood. Objective To understand PCP perceptions of the results of eConsult initiation on PCP workflow, specialist access, and patient care. Design, Setting, and Participants Qualitative interviews were conducted from December 1, 2016, to April 15, 2017, with 40 safety-net PCPs in Los Angeles County who use the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services (DHS) eConsult system. Interviewees were recruited to include diversity in PCP type, practice setting, and employer (DHS employed vs DHS affiliated). Participants were interviewed about their perceptions of clinical workflow, access to specialists, relationships with specialists, and referral decision making. Main Outcomes and Measures Perceptions of the results of eConsult, including positive and negative themes and remaining perceived gaps in specialty care. Results Of the 40 participants, 27 (68%) were women; 24 (60%) PCPs performed 5 or more eConsults per week. Primary care practitioners’ perceptions of eConsult clustered around 4 main themes: access and timeliness of specialty care, shift of work to PCPs, relationships with specialists, and eConsult interface issues. Many PCPs praised the improved timeliness of specialist input with eConsult, as well as the added clinical and educational value of dialogue with specialists, particularly compared with the limitations of the prior referral process. However, PCPs also consistently perceived that eConsult shifted some of the work of specialty care to them. Many PCPs believed that this extra burden was worth the effort given the benefits of eConsult, such as improved timeliness of care and ability to manage specialty conditions. In contrast, others were frustrated by the increased administrative burden, broadened clinical responsibility, and restructuring of specialty care delivery. Conclusions and Relevance While associated with improved specialty care access, eConsult systems simultaneously created new challenges for PCPs, such as an increased burden of work in providing specialty care. Primary care practitioners varied in their enthusiasm for these workflow changes with diverging perceptions of the same processes. Our findings provide insights on challenges future primary care transformation efforts may face.
1.9 – Electrophilic Heteroatom Cyclizations

This chapter on electrophilic heteroatom cyclizations covers reactions of carboncarbon π-bonds in which activation by an external electrophilic reagent results in addition of an internal heteroatom nucleophile. The general reaction is illustrated in Scheme 1. These cyclization reactions generate heterocyclic products, but many synthetic applications involve subsequent cleavage of the newly formed heterocyclic ring.
Invariance of the Hamiltonian in Control Problems for Semilinear Parabolic Distributed Parameter Systems

We consider a general optimal control problem for a distributed parameter described by a semilinear parabolic equation. We show that the Hamiltonian is invariant over optimally controlled trajectories, and that it vanishes when the terminal time is free. The method is that of approximation of the original control system by a sequence of “smoothed” control systems
SPECT imaging in evaluating extent of malignant external otitis: case report

Otitis externa, a benign inflammatory process of the external auditory canal, is general responsive to local therapy. Some patients however, develop a less controllable disease leading to chondritis and osteomyelitis of the base of the skull. The direct invasive characteristic of the disease has led to the descriptive term malignant external otitis (MEO), more appropriately called necrotizing or invasive external otitis. Malignant external otitis is caused by an aggressive pseudomonas or proteus infection that almost exclusively occurs in elderly diabetic patients. The primary imaging modalities previously used in the diagnosis and evaluation of MEO were standard planar scintigraphic techniques with technetium-99M (/sup 99m/Tc) bone agents and gallium-67 (/sup 67/Ga), and pluridirectional tomography. The advent of high resolution computed tomography (CT) effectively allowed demonstration of the soft tissue extension and bone destruction associated with MEO, but still suffered from the low sensitivity constraints of all radiographic techniques in determining early inflammatory bone involvement. Recent work suggests that scintigraphic detection of MEO with /sup 99m/Tc-MDP and /sup 67/Ga, combined with the cross-sectional resolution of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) may be of value in planning treatment of this inflammatory condition.
A Preliminary Examination of the Association between Adolescent Gender Nonconformity and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors.

Suicidal thoughts and behaviors are a significant health concern for adolescents. Extant research suggests that sexual and gender minority adolescents are a vulnerable population at elevated risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors, yet to date few studies have examined the unique associations between adolescent gender nonconformity and suicide risk. This study examined data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey (n = 7730) to estimate the association between gender nonconformity and high school-aged adolescents’ likelihood of endorsing four distinct suicide outcomes: suicidal ideation, suicide plans, any suicide attempts, and single vs. multiple suicide attempts. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were utilized to control for other known risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors, including age, sex, sexual minority status, depression symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Results revealed that gender nonconformity was significantly associated with higher odds of reporting suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and multiple suicide attempts in the past year above and beyond other known risk factors. Gender nonconformity is an understudied vulnerability factor that should be taken into consideration by researchers and clinicians seeking to understand adolescents’ risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
Empowering union and intersection types with integrated subtyping

Union and intersection types are both simple and powerful but have seen limited adoption. The problem is that, so far, subtyping algorithms for type systems extended with union and intersections have typically been either unreliable or insufficiently expressive. We present a simple and composable framework for empowering union and intersection types so that they interact with the rest of the type system in an intuitive and yet still decidable manner. We demonstrate the utility of this framework by illustrating the impact it has made throughout the design of the Ceylon programming language developed by Red Hat.
Trajectory Design for the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope Mission

The Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) is an upcoming NASA-led observatory that will complete wide-field imaging and near-infrared sky surveys from a spacecraft in the Sun-Earth L2 regio...
Abraham Charnes — A Strategy for Research and a Record of Results

I jumped at the chance provided by Professors Anthony Fiacco and Kenneth Kortanek when they invited me to serve as the speaker at this banquet. I naturally saw it as an opportunity for me to give an eloquent testimonial to my very dear friend and long time associate Abraham Charnes — Founder and Director of the Center for Cybernetic Studies; University System Professor, the University of Texas System; Jesse H. Jones Professor of Biomathematics and Management Science; Professor, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Professor, Departments of Mathematics, Computer Sciences and General Business, University of Texas, Austin. Add to this impressive array of titles and further honors for Professor Charnes as Founding Member and as President of The Institute of Management Sciences; Fellow, Operations Research Society of America; Fellow, Econometric Society; Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science; and Founding Corresponding Member, the National Academy of Engineering of Mexico.... Then continue to many other symbols of recognition for his accomplishments... Including the award, which you have just witnessed, of the U.S. Navy’s Outstanding Civilian Contribution Award by Admiral Robert K. Geiger...and I begin to doubt how much I can add in the way of testimonial — eloquent or not!
Effects of augmenting cholinergic neurotransmission on balance in Parkinson's disease.

Abstract Introduction Degeneration of cholinergic systems may contribute to impairments of balance and gait in Parkinson's disease (PD) and phase 2 clinical trials have suggested that centrally acting cholinesterase inhibitors reduce falls. Here, we examined the effects of augmenting cholinergic neurotransmission on static and dynamic balance, indices of fall risk. Methods A single-site, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial examined the effect of donepezil in patients with PD. Forty-nine participants with idiopathic PD were randomized and 45 completed the trial. Each treatment period was 6 weeks with a 6-week washout between treatments. Donepezil in 2.5 mg capsules, or identical appearing placebo capsules, was increased from two per day (5 mg) to four capsules (10 mg) after 3 weeks. The primary outcome measures were the range of the medio-lateral sway when standing (static balance) and the variability of the stride duration when walking (dynamic balance). A linear mixed model was used to investigate whether the change in outcomes between weeks 0 and 6 differed between phases. Results There were no significant differences in treatment effects between placebo and donepezil for medio-lateral sway range during quiet standing (p = 0.28), nor in gait variability (p = 0.31). None of the secondary outcome measures or exploratory analyses were significant although one secondary measure of static balance was increased by donepezil. Conclusions Contrary to our hypothesis, cholinergic augmentation with donepezil at 10 mg/day for 6 weeks did not affect measures of static or dynamic balance in people with PD. These results are compared with other phase 2 trials of cholinesterase inhibitors and considerations for future trials are discussed.
Clinicopathological features of C3 glomerulopathy in children: a single-center experience.

C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) is defined by dominant glomerular deposition of C3 and minimal or no immunoglobulin, with two subtypes—dense deposit disease (DDD) and C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN)—distinguished by features on electron microscopy (EM). Given that this rare disease has generally unfavorable yet highly variable outcomes, we sought out to review the histopathology, complement/genetic studies, and renal outcomes of pediatric patients with C3G at our institution. All native kidney biopsies performed in a single pediatric hospital over a 10-year period were reviewed for features of C3G. Of 589 biopsy reports, we identified 9 patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for C3G and retrospectively reviewed their clinical chart and renal biopsy findings. We identified 4 patients with DDD, 4 with C3GN, and 1 indeterminate case, with features of both C3GN and DDD. Five patients were positive for one or more nephritic factors (C3NeF, C4NeF, C5NeF) with 1 patient additionally positive for complement factor H (CFH) autoantibody. Genetic testing done in 5 of the 9 patients failed to identify any causative mutations. Three patients showed progressive renal dysfunction over a mean follow-up period of 33 months. Complement and genetic studies are now routinely recommended for patients with a histopathological diagnosis of C3G. Careful interpretation of these studies and their prognostic and therapeutic implications in conjunction with biopsy findings is needed to further understand the pathophysiology of this rare disease in children.
A Survivor's Journey: Preliminary efficacy of an online problem-solving therapy for survivors of pediatric brain tumor.

BACKGROUND Although pediatric brain tumor survivors are at high risk for a variety of psychosocial and neurocognitive late effects, there are few evidence-based interventions to address their needs. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of an online problem-solving intervention on improving the quality of life and executive dysfunction among adolescent and young adult brain tumor survivors. PROCEDURE A Survivor's Journey was adapted from a similar intervention for survivors of traumatic brain injuries, and involved self-guided web modules providing training in problem-solving as a tool for coping with everyday challenges, as well as weekly teleconferences with a trained therapist. Survivors (n = 19) between the ages of 13 and 25, and their caregivers, completed standardized measures of their emotional and behavioral functioning, executive functioning, and quality of life before and after the 12- to 16-week intervention. RESULTS Participation in the intervention led to significant improvements in self-reported overall (Mpre = 62.03, SDpre = 17.67, Mpost = 71.97, SDpost = 16.75; d = 0.58, P = 0.01) and physical quality of life (Mpre = 63.13, SDpre = 21.88, Mpost = 75.00, SDpost = 21.33; d = 0.55, P < 0.01) as well as parent-reported emotional quality of life (Mpre = 65.00, SDpre = 28.72, Mpost = 76.15, SDpost = 23.47; d = 0.43, P = 0.03). Greater improvement was noted in those who were diagnosed before the age of seven and those with average or above average estimated IQs. Current age did not moderate outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Online problem-solving therapy may be efficacious in improving pediatric brain tumor survivors' quality of life; however, further research with a comparison group is needed. Online interventions such as Survivor's Journey may decrease barriers to evidence-based psychosocial care for brain tumor survivors.
Leveraging Muscular Fitness Surrogates to Classify Cardiorespiratory Fitness Status in Youth: A Supervised Machine Learning Approach

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is linked with anxiety, depression, and cardiovascular disease risk. Assessing CRF is time consuming, space-prohibitive, and may require specialized equipment. Therefore, it is not routinely assessed in schools or clinical settings. This study aimed to leverage muscular fitness surrogates, anthropometrics and demographics to build optimal CRF classifiers that can be easily deployed across multiple settings. VO2PEAK was estimated using a prediction equation that integrated the 20-m Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run dataset from 210 youth (116 males) (9.7 ± 1.08 years; 138.6 ± 9.4 cm; 42.3 ± 14.4 kg). Muscular fitness (i.e., 90° push-up, curl-up, etc.) was assessed. Several models (e.g., Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayes, and Logistic Regression) were trained using both the originally imbalanced dataset and a balanced dataset resulting from synthetically oversampling the minority class. Metrics, including Area Under Curve (AUC) and True and False Positive Rates (TPR and FPR) were used to compare performance between models. The most salient model was a Logistic Regression model with nine features (i.e., sex, age, sit-and-reach, body mass, trunk lift, BMI, curl-up, 90° push-up, and height) (accuracy = 89.5%; AUC = 0.96; TPR = 0.86, FPRs = 0.08). This model correctly classified 100% and 100% of positive and negative class observations, respectively. A Logistic Regression model (accuracy = 85.7%; AUC = 0.92; TPR = 0.84, FPRs = 0.14) with four features (i.e., sex, age, sit-and-reach, and body mass) correctly predicted 100% and 91% of positive and negative class observations, respectively. Results demonstrate the feasibility of leveraging muscular fitness, anthropometrics, and basic demographics to develop accurate, streamlined models that can be easily deployed across multiple settings in order to facilitate routine CRF assessment in youth.
Academic Ableism and Students with Intellectual/Development Disabilities: Rethinking Self-Advocacy as an Anti-Ableist Practice

Per laws such as the Americans with Disabilities Act and the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, college students with intellectual/developmental disabilities (I/DD) in the United States are expected to be self-advocates and speak up for needed accommodations, regardless of diagnosis or condition. Students with I/DD in particular are frequently taught the dominant view of self-advocacy as a set of skills whereby they achieve self-determination. This view undersells the degree to which self-advocacy is a rhetorical enterprise, wherein students craft their speech to achieve immediate social purposes; and it elides the political history of self-advocacy in the U.S. and its ties to the adult self-advocacy movement. In light of these considerations, I seek to understand how ableism on college campuses gives shape to particular ideas about self-advocacy. Through five student interviews, I analyze how everyday talk about self-advocacy on a university campus is constructed through ableist discourses privileging mastery, concealment of bodily difference, and autonomy. Based on this analysis, I argue that it is necessary that educators reimagine self-advocacy as a collective responsibility engaging students, faculty, administrators, and staff in creating more accessible campus cultures, rather than as a hyper-individualized, self-directed pursuit of personal goals.
Growth of Citrus Fruits in Pakistan

Agriculture is a chief source of economic development and workforce of Pakistan as it contributes 18.5 percent to GDP (Gross Domestic Product), provides 37.4 percent to employment. A well-performing agriculture sector is a key to economic growth but over the decade its performance had been diminutive in Pakistan. Low yield of citrus fruits that is the challenge facing developing countries including Pakistan. The current article identifies information and issues with citrus fruits growth in Pakistan. For the year 2018 area under citrus fruits was 200461 hectares with a production of 2247956 tonnes and yield 112139 hg/hectare in Pakistan. Pakistani farmers are cultivating sweet oranges more than other varieties of citrus fruits. With respect to bordering countries the average yield of Pakistan is more than Afghanistan and less than Iran, China and India. Main constraints to less productivity are: high cost of production, price-instability, and lack of capital, professionalism, technology & infrastructure. Pets and diseases also causes to less yield. Pakistan can earn foreign exchange more by export of juices rather than export of fresh citrus fruits.
MRI evaluation of axillary neurovascular bundle: Implications for minimally invasive proximal humerus fracture fixation.

Background Percutaneous fixation of proximal humeral fractures places the axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery at risk for injury. Safe operative zones for the axillary nerve are described based on external measurements from anatomic landmarks, but no study to date has incorporated advanced imaging to help guide surgical procedures in the region of the axillary neurovascular bundle (ANVB). We sought to define the location and trajectory of the ANVB in relation to osseous landmarks using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements. Methods Retrospective review of 750 consecutive MRI studies was performed with 55 imaging studies meeting inclusion criteria for patient positioning, image alignment, and quality. Five measurements were performed including the distance from mid-lateral acromion to lateral ANVB, mid-lateral acromion to medial ANVB, greater tuberosity to lateral ANVB, vertical distance between inferior anatomic neck and lateral ANVB, and angle the ANVB crosses the humerus. Height, gender, and age were recorded. Analysis was performed using ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests. Results The lateral ANVB was below the inferior articular margin of the humeral head by an average of 12.9 ± 3.9 mm and within a 22 mm window. It was an average of 57.4 ± 5.1 mm from the lateral mid-acromion, and 34.7 ± 4.3 mm below the greater tuberosity. The angle formed by the ANVB crossing the humerus averaged 19.5 ± 3.9 degrees upward from medial to lateral. Height and gender directly impacted measurements. Conclusions The use of the inferior humeral head articular margin provides a radiographic landmark to aid intraoperative lateral ANVB assessment which may be helpful during percutaneous fracture fixation.
Addressing Complex Challenges in Coupled Natural and Human Systems Through Principled Pragmatism: A Case Study From Bangladesh

Some of the most persistent challenges facing society and the environment arise from an intricate coupling of natural and human systems (CNHS). These challenges resist traditional expert-driven problem-solving approaches and require a careful synthesis of both “explanation” and “understanding” to achieve equity and sustainability. Whereas explanations tend to be the domain of scientific experts who seek generalizable solutions through theory building, modeling, and testing, understandings represent the wisdom of practitioners that enables real-world problem solving to proceed by accounting for contextual values, capacities, and constraints. Using a case study from Bangladesh as an illustrative case of CNHS, we take an explanatory approach in using the extended case study method to show why and how an expert-led response to remediation of arsenic-contaminated wells led to unintended outcomes, which could have been accounted for if a complexity science informed framework of the problem was in place. The complexity frame keeps one alert to emergent patterns that otherwise remain unanticipated, and thereby, form the basis of adaptive actions. For a path forward in addressing complex CNHS problems, we introduce a novel problem-solving approach that combines pragmatic explanations and interpretive understandings with attention to emergent patterns. We argue that this problem-solving approach – which we term principled pragmatism – can effectively synthesize and apply scientific knowledge and local practical knowledge to develop and implement adaptive, actionable, and sustainable interventions.
Upper-Level Courses: Three Exemplars

This Article presents three exemplars of upper-level law school classes, and is divided into three parts. Part I discusses "Securitization and Asset-Backed Securities"; Part II discusses "Using Transactions to Teach Secured Transactions"; and Part III discusses "Teaching Deals Through a Focus on the Entertainment Industry."
Successful delivery of subretinal aflibercept (new surgical technique) for the treatment of submacular hemorrhage in idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

Submacular hemorrhage (SMH) is often a result of trauma, wet age-related macular degeneration or IPCV and frequently leads to blindness secondary to extreme toxicity of hemoglobin products on photoreceptors. We describe a new technique of subretinal aflibercept injection during pars plana vitrectomy for the treatment of SMH in idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (IPCV). A 55-old male presented with sudden loss of vision (HM) secondary to massive subretinal hemorrhage associated with IPCV. Subretinal injection of aflibercept with a 25 g/42 g cannula coupled to the viscous fluid control unit of a standard vitrectomy system was performed during parsplana vitrectomy. Controlled injection of aflibercept intra-operatively has resulted in a resolution of SMH (confirmed with OCT and ICG). Visual acuity improved from HM to 20/20. This combined approach delivered anti-VEGF agent to target tissue in controlled fashion with the assistance of VFC system (similar to gene therapy) and restored full vision with resolution of SMH.
Chapter 19 Annealing to a moving target: first-principles molecular dynamics

Publisher Summary This chapter covers the emerging area where electronic structure and condensed phase simulation techniques are combined with the help of simulated annealing. An association of electronic structure and many-body simulation is needed before laboratory experiments can be replaced with computer experiments. The best present-day efforts, which do include significant scientific accomplishments, fall short of this goal but indicate what continued progress could achieve. Even with important simplifications, the cost of computing the Born-Oppenheimer electronic energy and its derivative, in concert with molecular dynamics simulation, is staggering. The rapidly oscillating error in the forces effectively cancels and the effective force felt by the nuclei is an average force that is much closer to the exact Born-Oppenheimer forces. The high frequency motion, essential for adiabatic separation of nuclear and parameter dynamics, extracts a computational price. Freedom to rescale the coordinates and time variable has been used to set the force constants and one of the masses equal to unity.
GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION AMONG POPULATIONS OF THE PLANKTONIC MARINE DIATOM DITYLUM BRIGHTWELLII (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)1

Population genetic structure was determined for the planktonic diatom Ditylum brightwellii (West) Grunow in two connected estuaries-Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca (WA, USA). Three genetically distinct populations were detected that were characterized by different microsatellite allele distributions and unique alleles. Isolates from the two most genetically diverged populations displayed identical full-length 18S rDNA sequences suggesting that either a single or two recently diverged species were sampled. The extent of genetic differentiation between populations was not correlated with distance between water samples or time between sampling. Instead, distinct populations were associated with different estuaries. In Puget Sound waters, one population was detected three times over the course of 28 months. Cells from this population were likely maintained inside Puget Sound over long periods through water recirculation within the Sound. In Strait of Juan de Fuca waters, two additional populations were detected. Maximum growth rates of Puget Sound isolates were significantly different from Strait of Juan de Fuca isolates, indicating that populations were composed of cells with different physiological capabilities. The genetic and physiological differentiation observed between populations from intermixing estuaries suggested that genetic exchange between populations was restricted through differential selection. Despite the potential for widespread dispersal in planktonic organisms, it appears that populations with distinct genetic and physiological characteristics can be maintained over long time periods through a combination of hydrology and differential selection.
The structure of the adenovirus capsid: II. The packing symmetry of hexon and its implications for viral architecture☆☆☆

Abstract The orientation and location of the 240 hexons comprising the outer protein shell of adenovirus have been determined. Electron micrographs of the capsid and its fragments were inspected for the features of hexon known from the X-ray crystallographic model as described in the accompanying paper. A capsid model is proposed with each facet comprising a small p 3 net of 12 hexons, arranged as a triangular sextet with three outer hexon pairs. The sextet is centrally placed about the icosahedral threefold axis, with its edges parallel to those of the facet. The outer pairs project over the facet edges on one side of the icosahedral twofold axes at each edge. The model capsid is defined by the underlying icosahedron, of edge 445 A, upon which hexons are arranged. The hexons are thus bounded by icosahedra with insphere radii of 336 A and 452 A. A quartet of hexons forms the asymmetric unit of an icosahedral hexon shell, which can be closed by the addition of pentons at the 12 vertices. Considering the hexon trimer as a complex structure unit, its interactions in the four topologically distinct environments are very similar, with conservation of at least two-thirds of the inter-hexon bonding. The crystal-like construction explains the flat facets and sharp edges characteristic of adenovirus. Larger “adenovirus-like” capsids of any size could be formed using only one additional topologically different environment. The construction of adenovirus illustrates how an impenetrable protein shell can be formed, with highly conserved intermolecular bonding, by using the geometry of an oligomeric structure unit and symmetry additional to that of the icosahedral point group. This contrasts with the manner suggested by Caspar & Klug (1962), in which the polypeptide is the structure unit, and for which the number of possible bonding configurations required of a structure unit tends to infinity as the continuously curved capsid increases in size. The known structures of polyoma and the plant viruses with triangulation number equal to 3 are evaluated in terms of hexamer-pentamer packing, and evidence is presented for the existence of larger subunits than the polypeptide in both cases. It is suggested that spontaneous assembly can occur only when exact icosahedral symmetry relates structure units or sub-assemblies, which would themselves have been formed by self-limiting closed interactions. Without such symmetry, the presence of scaffolding proteins or nucleic acid is necessary to limit aggregation.
SURFACE PATCHES AND B-SPLINE CURVES

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the equation and properties of surface patches and uniform cubic B-spline curves. These curves are used to define the boundary conditions of surface patches and to describe the blending functions that appear in the surface patch equation. A surface patch is a segment of a surface, and it is expedient to represent it as the locus of a point moving in space with two degrees of freedom. An interesting consequence of B-spline curves as boundaries of a patch is that boundaries with slope discontinuities can be introduced without inducing sharp folds or creases in the interior of the patch. This is an interesting, seemingly paradoxical result.
Toward a Buddhist Theory of Structural Peace: Lessons from Myanmar in Transition

This essay analyzes the result of in-depth interviews that the author conducted with Burmese Buddhist leaders, with a view toward building Buddhist theories of social conflict, reconciliation, and structural peace. Findings include their shared understanding of the deeply spiritual, inner-directed nature of conflict and reconciliation, and their highly divergent, contested understandings of the structural roots of human suffering in today’s globalized and interconnected world. To meet these structural challenges, this essay introduces the concept of structural awareness, which it defines as educated, enlightened consciousness to appreciate and act responsibly on the complex chains of causal relations in which well-intended action can inadvertently generate the suffering of others. Author Bio(s) Tatsu Arai, PhD, is a scholar-practitioner of peacebuilding with extensive experience in the Asia Pacific, the African Great Lakes, the Middle East, and the United States. He is currently a fellow at the Center for Peacemaking Practice, the School for Conflict Analysis and Resolution (S-CAR), George Mason University in Virginia, a research associate at the Toda Institute for Global Peace and Policy Research in Hawaii, and an associate professor of peacebuilding and conflict transformation at the School for International Training (SIT) Graduate Institute in Vermont. His recent publications include Creativity and Conflict Resolution: Alternative Pathways to Peace. Contact: tatsushi.arai@sit.edu Tel. 413.397.3226 This article is available in Peace and Conflict Studies: http://nsuworks.nova.edu/pcs/vol22/iss1/3 Volume 22, Number 1 34 Toward a Buddhist Theory of Structural Peace: Lessons from Myanmar in Transition