cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Local delivery of FTY720 induces neutrophil activation through chemokine signaling in an oronasal fistula model

Cleft palate repair surgeries lack a regenerative reconstructive option and, in many cases, develop complications including oronasal fistula (ONF). Our group has developed a novel murine phenocopy of ONF to study the oral cavity wound healing program. Using this model, our team previously identified that delivery of FTY720 on a nanofiber scaffold had a unique immunomodulatory effect directing macrophages and monocytes into a pro-regenerative state during ONF healing. Here, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of local biomaterial-based FTY720 delivery in the ONF model on the early bulk gene expression and neutrophil phenotypic response within the regenerating tissue. Using a mouse model of ONF formation, a palate defect was created and was treated with FTY720 nanofiber scaffolds or (blank) vehicle control nanofibers. At 1 and 3 days post-implantation, ONF oral mucosal tissue from the defect region was collected for RNA sequencing analysis or flow cytometry. For the RNA-seq expression profiling, intracellular pathways were assessed using the KEGG Pathway database and Gene Ontology (GO) Terms enrichment interactive graph. To assess the effects of FTY720 on different neutrophil subpopulations, flow cytometry data was analyzed using pseudotime analysis based on Spanning-tree Progression Analysis of Density-normalized Events (SPADE). RNA sequencing analysis of palate mucosa injured tissue identified 669 genes that were differentially expressed (DE) during the first 3 days of ONF wound healing after local delivery of FTY720, including multiple genes in the sphingolipid signaling pathway. Evaluation of the DE genes at the KEGG Pathway database also identified the inflammatory immune response pathways (chemokine signaling, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and leukocyte transendothelial migration), and the Gene Ontology enrichment analysis identified neutrophil chemotaxis and migration terms. SPADE dendrograms of CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils at both day 1 and day 3 post-injury showed significantly distinct subpopulations of neutrophils in oral mucosal defect tissue from the FTY720 scaffold treatment group compared to the vehicle control group (blank). Increased expression of CD88 and Vav1, among other genes, were found and staining of the ONF area demonstrated increased VAV1 staining in FTY720‐treated healing oral mucosa. Treatment of oral mucosal defects using FTY720 scaffolds is a promising new immunotherapy to improve healing outcomes and reducing ONF formation during cleft palate surgical repair. Local delivery of FTY720 nanofiber scaffolds during ONF healing significantly shifted early gene transcription associated with immune cell recruitment and modulation of the immune microenvironment results in distinct neutrophil subpopulations in the oral mucosal defect tissue that provides a critical shift toward pro-regenerative immune signaling.
IVAC With or Without Rituximab for Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: Real-World Experience in the Modern Era.

Abstract Introduction Part B of the modified Magrath regimen (IVAC) +/- rituximab (R) is recommended as standalone therapy by national guidelines for management of relapsed/refractory Burkitt lymphoma, and is used in other non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). Activity of IVAC in B-cell NHL, particularly with R, and its toxicity remain incompletely described. Patients and Methods We reviewed patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell NHL treated with IVAC +/- R between 2004 and 2019 at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center to assess efficacy and toxicity. Results Among 54 eligible patients (median 2 prior lines of therapy), 76% had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; 30% had central nervous system involvement at IVAC initiation. Objective response rate was 48%. At median 22-month follow-up, median progression-free and overall survival were 3.1 months and 4.9 months, respectively. Grade ≥ 3 anemia (93%), neutropenia (94%), and thrombocytopenia (100%; all grade 4) were common. Febrile neutropenia occurred in 65% and did not appear to be influenced by use of antimicrobial or granulocyte colony stimulating factor prophylaxis. Mortality was attributed to treatment in 19% of evaluable patients. Conclusion The clinical efficacy and utility of IVAC +/- R remain unclear. However, its profound hematologic toxicity and life-threatening complications despite prophylactic measures warrant careful consideration of alternatives.
CULTURALLY COGNIZANT LISTENING

The term culturally cognizant listening is introduced as nonjudgmental, active listening style taught with self-reflection and perspective-taking behaviors using a service-learning pedagogy. Given ...
A Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Method for a Class of Spherical Harmonic Expansions of the Boltzmann Equation

The kinetic theory of plasmas is governed by the Boltzmann equation, which describes the evolution of the distributions of electrons and ion species within six-dimensional phase space. When equipped with an appropriate model for the various binary collision events that can occur, this equation can be used to simulate a wide variety of plasma physics problems. Numerical solutions of the Boltzmann equation can be generated by either directly discretizing the six-dimensional phase space or by utilizing particle-based techniques, such as the Particle-in-Cell (PIC) method, to describe the statistical evolution of the distribution functions. However, both methods are inherently computationally expensive, and solutions in complex three-dimensional spatial domains remain intractable. For highly collisional plasmas in which the velocity distributions are nearly isotropic, a spherical harmonic expansion can be used to reduce the dimensionality of the phase space. Recent work at the Naval Research Laboratory 1 has re-examined this classical analytical approach in the context of low-temperature collisional plasmas. The authors derived a multi-term expansion that reduces the six-dimensional Boltzmann equation to a set as four-dimensional fluid-like equations. In this work, we describe the development of a general, high-order numerical solution method for this set of equations based on the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element method. The electron velocity distribution function is discretized directly on the 4D phase-space mesh. Self-consistent electric and magnetic fields are simulated by solving Maxwell’s equations on a sub-dimensional manifold within the higher-dimensional phase-space mesh. A description of the numerical methodology will be presented along with a series of test problems that provide a demonstration of the algorithm and an initial examination of the benefits associated with using high-order phase-space discretizations.
The Complement System

Although it is still not possible to integrate completely the various components involved in the inflammatory response, we now have the capability of indicating some of the effector pathways and identifying a number of points of interaction between them. The effector pathway considered in this chapter is the complement system, an essential part of the normal immune response. It consists of a special group of normal serum proteins which on activation interact sequentially in a process of limited proteolysis with the development of active macromolecules and fragments. Appreciation of this complex system has already provided a better understanding of certain pathological processes, the introduction of new therapeutic approaches, and the development of procedures to evaluate disease activity.
A novel low-complexity statistical discrimination technique for collision detection in wireless sensor networks based on short pilot periods transmission

Power consumption is the critical design goal for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) that comprise large number of sensors which operate with limited power resources such as small batteries. Sensors usually follow various MAC protocols which allow accessing to wireless communication channels. However, sensors may access to wireless channels at the same time, potentially, leading to collisions among multiple nodes. This situation may exacerbate since the rate of collision may increase with increasing the number of sensors which have packets ready to transmit. In central nodes (receivers) of WSNs, it is necessary to decode every received packet regardless of the fact that the transmission may suffer from packets collision. In other words, central nodes need to expend a significant amount of energy and processing complexity in order to fully-decode a packet, only to discover the packet is illegible due to a collision. In this paper, we propose a suite of novel, yet simple and power-efficient technique to detect a collision at the receiver side without the need for full-decoding of the received packet. Our novel approach aims at detecting collision through fast examination of the signal statistics of a short snippet of the received packet via a relatively small number of computations over a small number of received IQ samples. Hence, operating directly at the output of the receiver's analog-to-digital-converter (ADC) and eliminating the need to pass the corrupted packets through the entire demodulator/decoder line-up. We present a complexity and power-saving comparison between our novel scheme and a conventional full-decoding scheme (MAX-Log-MAP) to demonstrate the significant power and complexity saving advantage of our approach.
Random trees and moduli of curves

This is an expository account of the proof of Kontsevich’s combinatorial formula for intersections on moduli spaces of curves following the paper [14].It is based on the lectures I gave on the subject in St. Petersburg in July of 2001.
Language Assessment for Court Translators and Interpreters

This chapter provides an overview of the work of legal interpreters and translators and of the broader professional context, and then surveys qualification instruments, including testing. It describes typical courtroom terminology and registers, and the three main interpreting modes used—consecutive, simultaneous, and sight. It outlines the methodological peculiarities of legal interpreting in relation to other interpreting fields, notes the philosophical dilemma posed by the reality gap between jurisprudential principles and the actual performance of interpreters, and reviews the applicability of prominent translation theory models to the legal domain. It surveys modes of professional qualification from various countries, noting both procedural diversity and the importance of historical circumstances and sociocultural frames. It explores the scientific literature on interpreter and translator competences and on relevant testing methodology, and it describes several existing tests. The appendices provide artifacts from three tests. Keywords: Assessment evaluation; Government; politics; and law; Language for specific purposes; Language policy; Translation
Engaging Local Communities in Archaeology: Observations from a Maya site in Yucatán, México

How do we—whether cultural resource managers, heritage professionals, museum curators, educators, or archaeologists—measure either the significance or success of a public archaeology outreach project? Further, to what degree and upon what terms do the differently constituted “publics” of archaeological work engage in outreach endeavors? In this chapter, I present the case of a developing archaeological site, Chanmula, located in the northwest of Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula.1 The account I give is drawn from my ethnographic research in the site’s neighboring communities over the course of their increasing involvement in the excavation work of a US-based archaeological team over the past several years. At this site, archaeologists have made great efforts toward maintaining a high degree of transparency in their motives and methods. They have reached out to the affected public by seeking local participation in the production of archaeological knowledge and the creation of tourism development plans centered on the site. Yet as these archaeologists strive toward a reciprocal engagement with the local Yucatec Maya community, a series of miscommunications and misunderstandings have arisen due in part to the complexities of cross-cultural differences in legal, ethical, and ideological realms. While local residents called into question the motives of foreign archaeologists as well as legalities of work on their communal agricultural land, researchers assume that locals would (and indeed should) welcome archaeological development—and its promises to rejuvenate the weak local economy—with open arms. While archaeologists see their work as strengthening local cultural identity by using the site as a pedagogical tool to link ancient and contemporary Maya populations, Chanmula’s neighboring residents challenge the expediency and appropriateness of this cultural continuity model. For them, “heritage” is a modern, not 5 Engaging Local Communities in Archaeology: Observations from a Maya Site in Yucatan, Mexico
Engineering management in a multiple-(second- and third-level) matrix organization

The functional organization is described together with several forms of matrix organizations which have been successfully implemented. Engineering management's responsibility and contribution to the work output when the engineering organization is also matrixed for a large program are somewhat different from that in either a functional or single-matrix organization. A program-oriented second- and third-level engineering management matrix is described which was used successfully to manage over 800 engineering personnel on several major programs. The responsibilities remaining with the functional engineering organization and those unique to the matrix organization are defined. Advantages and disadvantages of this concept are discussed together with the impact of people's behavior and the general increase of effectiveness of the company. Problems and snags in implementation and a before and after comparison, showing how things are improved by the matrix system, are also presented.
The Metabolic Regulator ERRα, a Downstream Target of HER2/IGF-1R, as a Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer

A genomic signature designed to assess the activity of the estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) was used to profile more than 800 breast tumors, revealing a shorter disease-free survival in patients with tumors exhibiting elevated receptor activity. Importantly, this signature also predicted the ability of an ERRα antagonist, XCT790, to inhibit proliferation in cellular models of breast cancer. Using a chemical genomic approach, it was determined that activation of the Her2/IGF-1R signaling pathways and subsequent C-MYC stabilization upregulate the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 beta (PGC-1β), an obligate cofactor for ERRα activity. PGC-1β knockdown in breast cancer cells impaired ERRα signaling and reduced cell proliferation, implicating a functional role for PGC-1β/ERRα in the pathogenesis of breast cancers.
Respiratory syncytial virus. Brief review.

The battle against RSV has been long and littered with setbacks and disappointments. Improvements in the management of infant bronchiolitis and pneumonia have reduced mortality but the virus remains a major cause of serious, distressing and, occasionally fatal, disease in the very young. Painstaking work in many hospitals and laboratories has built up a detailed picture of the virus and its epidemiology but its pathogenesis and prevention remain enigmatic. The stage is now set for dramatic advances against this important disease of man and animals in which the powerful new techniques in immunology and biotechnology must be the principal players.
ISOSPIN SELECTION RULES FOR HIGH-ENERGY ELECTRON SCATTERING

The validity of Siegert's theorem and the isospin selection rule for electric and magnetic dipole transitions has been established for inelastic electron scattering, thus extending the well-known results obtained for real photons. Siegert's theorem is obtained with arbitrary electron wave functions for electric multipole transitions provided: ${({k}_{0}R)}^{2}\ensuremath{\ll}1$, where ${k}_{0}$ is the energy transfer, and finite nuclear size effects are ignored. However, the latter assumption follows provided ${(\mathrm{kR})}^{2}\ensuremath{\ll}1$ ($k$ is the momentum transfer) and this is valid only for small scattering angles ($\ensuremath{\lesssim}\frac{1}{\mathrm{ER}}$, $E$ the primary energy). For light elements the isospin selection rule operates for $E1$ transitions in the forward cone only (\ensuremath{\lesssim}30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}). The $M1$ selection rule also follows with ${(\mathrm{kR})}^{2}\ensuremath{\ll}1$ and, therefore, operates in the same angular range. The angular distributions should exhibit an anomalous depression in the forward cone of half-angle about $\frac{1}{\mathrm{ER}}$. Coulomb effects will then be decisive in determining the magnitude of the small-angle scattering. The same considerations are applicable to internal pair formation and internal conversion where the retardation assumption is valid in general under usual conditions.
Production of silicon carbide heaters at the Zaporozhe refractories factory

A partially mechanized method was developed for making nonmetallic silicon-carbide electric heaters for kilns of the KEN-A type enabling us in the industrial conditions of the Zaporozhe factory to develop their mass production. In terms of physicochemical properties, the heaters which were made are as good as similar imported models.
Toward a privacy preserving HIPAA-compliant access control model for web services

Most of the modern health-related information is collected, maintained, and accessed through computerized systems. However, the interaction with this information needs to comply with the U.S. federal regulations such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). Due to the complexity of healthcare regulations, it's not easy to deploy a complaint system, especially for heterogeneous systems designed to allow data transfer and communication. Web services can be used to solve the problem of incompatible systems intercommunication; however, a generic model for HIPAA enforcement is required. In this paper we propose a generic HIPAA complaint privacy access control model for web services that can be easily applied to any existing covered entity web services.
Systematic Application of Generalized Homogeneous Functions to Static Scaling, Dynamic Scaling, and Universality

A function $f({x}_{1}, {x}_{2},\dots{}, {x}_{n})$ is a generalized homogeneous function (GHF) if we can find numbers ${a}_{1}, {a}_{2}, \dots{}, {a}_{n}$ such that for all values of the positive number $\ensuremath{\lambda}$, $f({\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{{a}_{1}}{x}_{1}, {\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{{a}_{2}}{x}_{2}, \dots{}, {\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{{a}_{n}}{x}_{n})={\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{{a}_{f}}f({x}_{1}, {x}_{2}, \dots{}, {x}_{n})$. We organize the properties of GHFs in four theorems. These are used to systematically examine the consequences of various scaling hypotheses. An advantage of this approach is that the same formalism may be used to treat thermodynamic functions, static correlation functions, dynamic correlation functions, and "universality." The simple case of thermodynamic scaling (two independent variables) is first generalized to static and dynamic correlation functions (three and four variables), and then to scaling with a parameter (for which the critical subspace becomes higher dimensional). In this last case, where a second GHF hypothesis is made, the necessity of crossover lines is demonstrated. The assumption of homogeneity is clearly separated from any extra assumptions that may also be called scaling (or "strong scaling"), but are independent of and different from that of homogeneity. One practical insight gained from the present approach is that all experimentally measured exponents are expressible as the ratio of two scaling powers, ${a}_{f}$ (which refers to the function) and ${a}_{j}$ (which refers to the path of approach to the critical point). A second practical advantage is that, since a GHF can be scaled with respect to any of its arguments, one can immediately write a variety of scaling functions for each type of scaling hypothesis. The GHF approach thereby permits data to be plotted in a variety of convenient fashions, and is found to facilitate computation of the relevant scaling functions (in particular, the GHF approach led directly to the recent calculation of the Heisenberg model scaling function by Milos\ifmmode \breve{}\else \u{}\fi{}evi\ifmmode \acute{c}\else \'{c}\fi{} and Stanley).
Expert medical testimony for your injured patients.

Many injured patients sustain some type of loss. If someone else is responsible for the injury, the injured patient can pursue compensation for this loss. In the course of treating an injured patient you may be asked to participate in the legal process to resolve such claims. The basic components of a personal injury claim are reviewed. An overview of the legal process will help clarify your role in the legal process. Enhanced understanding will allow you to provide important medical testimony for your injured patient. Language: en
Mechanical properties and water vapor permeability of edible films from whey protein isolate and sodium dodecyl sulfate

The ability of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to plasticize edible films from whey protein isolate (WPI) was assessed. SDS was not able to plasticize WPI films on its own, but it was an effective coplasticizer in films containing either sorbitol or glycerol as the main plasticizer. In films that contained sorbitol, a mass ratio of SDS to WPI (RS:W) of 0.2 resulted in films that were more extensible and more soluble but with almost unchanged water vapor permeability (WVP). In films that contained glycerol, the same RS:W resulted in less extensible and soluble films with slightly higher WVP values. Values of RS:W > 0.3 resulted in antiplasticization, although there was a reduction in WVP. At RS:W > 1 films were so brittle that they could not be handled without breaking. The mechanical properties of WPI films that contained SDS were comparable to published values for other proteinaceous, edible films. Keywords: Plasticizer; Young's modulus; tensile strength; protein/surfactant interactions
Effects of posture on exercise performance. Measurement by systolic time intervals.

Because posture significantly influences cardiac performance, the effects of moderate supine and upright ergometer exercise were compared on the basis of proportional (+37%) rate increments over resting control. Supine exercise produced significant decreases in left ventricular ejection time (LVET), pre-ejection period (PEP), and isovolumic contraction time (IVCT). Ejection time index (ETI) and corrected ejection time (LVETc) did not change significantly. Upright exercise produced greater decreases in PEP and LVET, but despite the rate increase there was no change in LVET, which resulted in sharp increases in ETI and LVETc. The discordant directional effects on LVET and its rate-correcting indices between the two postures were consistent with hemodynamic studies demonstrating lack of stroke volume change during supine exercise and increased stroke volume over control during light to moderate upright exercise.
The Iranian Crisis of 1945–1946 and the Spiral Model of International Conflict

Diplomatic historians of all persuasions agree that the Iranian Crisis of 1945–1946 played a considerable part in initiating the Cold War. For revisionist writers, the confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union that took place during these months resulted from American efforts to carve out a sphere of influence in the oil-producing areas of the Middle East. By the autumn of 1945, according to this view, U.S. firms had gained controlling interests in the consortia holding exclusive rights to work the extensive petroleum deposits located in Saudi Arabia and Bahrain; more importantly, Iranian officials were making repeated overtures to American concerns in an effort to counterbalance established British interests with more dynamic ones based in the United States. When the Red Army prevented the government in Tehran from suppressing separatist movements in Azerbaijan and Kurdistan in December 1945, the Truman Administration manipulated the Security Council of the United Nations into mandating a Soviet withdrawal from northern Iran.
Fatty acids of the portuguese man-of-war Physalia physalis

Abstract 1. 1. The principal lipid classes of Physalia physalis were separated and quantitated with polar lipids accounting for the largest fraction. 2. 2. Fatty acids were principally unsaturated. Arachidonic acid (20:4ω6) accounted for an unusually high fraction of the fatty acids for a marine invertebrate. 3. 3. The unusual fatty acids, trans -6-hexadecenoic acid ( t16: 1ω10 ) and 7-methyl-7-hexadecenoic acid, were conspicuously present in the lipids of Physalia . Small amounts of t18:1ω10 and t24:1ω10 were also identified. 4. 4. Cholesterol esters contained the greatest percentage of t16:1ω10 and the polar lipids contained the greatest abundance of 7-methyl-7-hexadecenoic acid.
Further characterization of the 5α-hydroxysterol dehydrase of yeast

Under conditions now established for measurement of the rate of dehydration, ergosterol has been shown to be formed at equal rates from 5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-o1 and ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α-diol substrates. Furthermore, 3α-3HH is lost during formation of ergosterol from the 5α-hydroxysterol substrate. Thus, stepwise loss of the leaving group from the 5α position, followed by stabilization of an intermediate by loss of the α-proton from 3-C, is proposed.
Spring Wheat Plant Parameters as Affected by Fallow Methods in the Northern Great Plains

(…) A study was conducted on a Williams loam (Typic Argiboroll) to determine the influences of stubble mulch, reduced tillage, and chemical fallow on grain yield and yield components, N and P concentrations in grain, water-use efficiency, and straw production in a spring wheat-fallow rotation. (…)
Meta-analysis reveals association between serotonin transporter gene STin2 VNTR polymorphism and schizophrenia

The serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) is a candidate gene for schizophrenia based on serotonin transporter's crucial role in serotonergic neurotransmission. However, association studies have produced conflicting results regarding the association between two common SLC6A4 gene polymorphisms, the promoter insertion/deletion (5-HTTLPR) and the intron 2 VNTR (STin2 VNTR) polymorphisms, and schizophrenia susceptibility. To further elucidate the putative association between the two SLC6A4 gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia susceptibility, we performed a meta-analysis based on all original published association studies between schizophrenia and the 5-HTTLPR and STin2 VNTR polymorphisms published before April 2004. Our analyses showed no statistically significant evidence for the association between the Short allele of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and schizophrenia (random-effects pooled odds ratio (OR)=0.99, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)=0.92-1.07, Z=-0.23, P=0.82) from 19 population-based association studies consisting of 2990 case and 3875 control subjects. However, highly significant evidence for association between the STin2.12 allele of the STin2 VNTR polymorphism (random-effects pooled OR=1.24, 95% CI=1.11-1.38, Z=3.82, P=0.00014) and schizophrenia was found from 12 population-based association studies consisting of 2177 cases and 2369 control subjects. Our meta-analysis suggests that the STin2.12 allele of the STin2 VNTR polymorphism is likely a risk factor for schizophrenia susceptibility. Our data imply that following completion of the International HapMap Project, a comprehensive evaluation of a set of markers that fully characterize the linkage disequilibrium relationships at the SLC6A4 gene should be tested in large well-characterized clinical samples in order to understand the role of this gene in schizophrenia susceptibility.
Effect of insulin in vitro on phosphate uptake by erythrocytes from diabetic humans.

(1952). Effect of insulin in vitro on phosphate uptake by erythrocytes from diabetic humans. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 79-80.
Accuracy of determination of stream lengths from topographic maps

Two methods are used to measure stream lengths from topographic maps: (1) using streams printed in blue, or (2) inserting streams into the drainage net wherever there are V-shaped contours. The accuracy of these two methods was tested by comparing measurements taken from maps with the streams as measured in the field. In basins with area less than one half square mile, a paired t-test between field measurements and the contour method showed no significant difference while a paired t-test between field measurements and streams marked in blue did show a significant difference. In basins with area varying from 0.5 to 2.68 sq mi, total stream lengths and drainage densities obtained using streams in blue are always smaller than those obtained by field measurement. This indicates that a significant difference exists. A paired t-test showed no significant difference between values of field measurement and the contour method. This statistical study indicates that, at least in very small watersheds, streams should not be measured from topographic maps using the streams printed in blue. The contour method may be used.
Multiphoton infrared initiated thermal reactions of esters: pseudopericyclic eight-centered cis-elimination.

Multiphoton infrared absorption from a focused, pulsed CO2 laser was used to initiate gas-phase thermal reactions of cis- and trans-3-penten-2-yl acetate. By varying the helium buffer gas pressure, it was possible to deduce the product distribution from the initial unimolecular reactions, separate from secondary reactions in a thermal cascade. Thus, trans-3-penten-2-yl acetate gives 54 ± 5% of β-elimination to give trans-1,3-pentadiene, 40 ± 3% of [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement to give cis-3-penten-2-yl acetate and 6 ± 4% of cis-1,3-pentadiene. Similar irradiation of cis-3-penten-2-yl acetate gives 45 ± 1% of β-elimination to give cis-1,3-pentadiene, 32 ± 2% of [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement to give trans-3-penten-2-yl acetate and 23 ± 2% of trans-1,3-pentadiene. The latter process is an eight-centered δ-elimination, which is argued to be a pseudopericyclic reaction. Although β-eliminations have been suggested to be pericyclic, B3LYP/6−31G(d,p), MP2 and MP4 calculations suggest that both β- and δ-elimin...
CYTOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO MAMMALIAN GENETICS

Discoveries in cytology that have led to the clarification of genetic phenomena are reviewed. Mammalian sex determination, male antigen in mice, meiotic cytology, variegation in Drosophila and mice, dosage compensation, and variegation and dosage compensation in mammals are discussed.
Adjunct Faculty Characteristics That May Predict Intention to Integrate Technology Into Instruction

This study examined the demographic factors that predict intention to integrate technology into instruction by community college adjunct faculty. Regression model findings indicated that the demographic characteristics of years of teaching experience, teaching discipline, hours of preparation time, and years of experience using computers were predictors of intention to integrate technology. Other literature-based characteristics such as age, gender, and participation in professional development activities, although not noted predictors in the current study, still warrant further examination to provide additional insight into their potential ability to predict technology use by community college adjunct faculty.
Efficient, Simple Optical Heterodyne Receiver: DC TO 80 GHz

An optical receiver front end was built which detects optical heterodyne signals up to 80 GHz. The unit combines optical detection in a GaAs photodiode with RF mixing of that same detected signal in the same photodiode. At low frequencies the diode is biased with DC, working as a conventional detector. Above 2 GHz the photodiode in the unit can be excited simultaneously with both light and a local oscillator voltage. The unit then produces intermedite frequency mixer products. When the signal mixes with the fundamental of the local oscillator (LO), these products are only 5 dB weaker than the original heterodyne signal. The LO voltage was 1.4 VRMS and its frequency 2-6 GHz. Above 6 GHz higher harmonics of the LO voltage mix with the RF photosignal. They mix unusually well in this receiver, and deliver significant power to the IF amplifier. Near 80 GHz, the receiver's IF power of -88 dBm was generated when the 14th harmonic of the LO mixed with the signal.
The Construct of Arousal in Communication Research

The construct of arousal is pivotal to those who investigate the relationship between emotions and communication. This study seeks to compare Zillmann's and Mehra-bian's concepts of arousal in order to identify common ground between the theorists. The goal is, through such commonalities, to provide a more complete and useful framework for understanding arousal's role in communication. This common framework is important to those researchers who find merit in both Zillmann's and Mehrabian 's theories, important to those in the field who look for an understanding of human communication from a variety of viewpoints.
Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern bivariate densities : are they applicable in hydrology ?

Certain bivariate densities constructed from marginals have recently been suggested as models of hydrologic variates such as rainfall intensity and depth. It is pointed out that (i) these densities belong to the families of the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern densities and the Farlie polynomial densities, which have been extensively studied in the statistical literature, and that (ii) these densities have a limited potential applicability in hydrology since they can model only weakly associated variates, whose product-moment correlationR is within the range |R|≤1/3, under the first family of densities, and |R|≤1/2 under the second family.
On the power of multi-prover interactive protocols

Abstract We look at complexity issues of interactive proof systems with multiple provers separated from each other. This model, developed by Ben-Or et al. (1988) allows the verifier to play the provers off each other. We show this model equivalent to an alternative interactive proof system model using oracles as provers. We also show that every language accepted by these models lies in nondeterministic exponential time. We exhibit a relativized world where a co-NP language does not have multiple prover interactive proofs. Finally, we show a simple example that one cannot parallelize multiple prover protocols as easily as the single prover model.
The ultimate CMOS device and beyond

For the past 40 years, relentless focus on Moore's Law transistor scaling has delivered ever-improving CMOS transistor density. This paper discusses architectural and materials options which will contribute to the ultimate CMOS device. In addition, the paper reviews device options beyond the ultimate CMOS device.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: in vivo regulators of alloimmune reactivity?

Dendritic cells (DC) exhibit remarkable plasticity in terms of their ability to induce and regulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Human and mouse interferon α-producing plasmacytoid (p) DC have been found to regulate allogeneic T cell responses in vitro. Evidence is emerging that pDC may also regulate immune reactivity in vivo, including the responses that underlie graft-versus-host disease and organ transplant rejection. These cells may also offer potential for therapy of adverse immune responses and the promotion of tolerance induction.
Quantitative immunohistochemistry of estrogen receptor in breast cancer: "much ado about nothing!".

“The value of a clinical test should be assessed in the overall context of disease management.” The ultimate goal of an assay for detection of estrogen receptor (ER) content in breast cancer tissue is to identify patients who will or will not benefit from endocrine therapy. In the past 2 decades, sc
An Intact Zinc Ring Finger Is Required for Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-associated Factor-mediated Nuclear Factor-κB Activation but Is Dispensable for c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Signaling

The diverse biological effects of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily are believed to be mediated in part through TNF receptor-associated factors (TRAFs), a family of cytoplasmic adaptor proteins which can activate intracellular signaling pathways, including the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways. TRAFs 2, 5, and 6 strongly activate both pathways when overexpressed; however, TRAF 3 (a close homologue of TRAF 5) does not significantly activate either pathway. The current study addresses the structural basis for this difference by substituting corresponding domains of TRAF 5 into TRAF 3 and testing activation of both pathways. A small region of TRAF 5 (the first zinc finger and 10 residues of the second zinc finger) is sufficient to convert TRAF 3 into an activator of both pathways. Also, an intact zinc ring finger is required for NF-κB activation but not JNK activation. In agreement with this finding, TRAF 2A, a TRAF 2 splice variant with an altered ring finger, is a specific activator of JNK. These findings suggest that different domains of TRAFs may be involved in NF-κB and JNK signaling. Also, alternative splicing of TRAFs may represent a novel mechanism whereby TNF family receptors can mediate distinct downstream effects in different tissues.
Neurocognitive deficits of alcoholism: An intervention

This study investigated the impact of cognitive retraining on a sample of neurocognitively impaired alcoholics (N = 45). The treatment group received training on a hierarchical cumulative learning program. In this paradigm, the subjects mastered an isolated concept to automaticity, at which point a second and then a third concept were added. The training group demonstrated significantly improved performance over the practice and control groups on the three measures taken from the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: total number of categories, perseverative errors, and nonperseverative errors. Neither the practice nor the control group exhibited significantly improved performance. These data lend support to an information processing perspective and are at odds with research that infers that neurophysiological substrates preclude normal functioning in alcoholics and argues that mere exposure of alcoholics to training stimuli prompts significant improvements. Treatment implications are discussed.
Describing roosts used by forest bats: the importance of microclimate

Adequate descriptions of roosting habitat are vital to the management and conservation of bats. However, most studies on bat roosting preference report only structural characteristics of roosts and surrounding habitat, and ignore potentially important factors in roost selection. I argue that the current methods for describing the roosting habitat of tree-roosting bats can be improved, and that more emphasis should be placed on designing studies to determine why bats choose particular roosts. Herein, I focus on measuring microclimate in roosts because it universally influences habitat selection. Specifically, roost temperature is easily measured and is likely an important microclimate variable used by bats in roost selection. Variation in structural characteristics of roosts is often assumed to correlate with variation in microclimate of the roost; however, empirical data are too scarce to verify this assumption. I suggest improvements to the current methods of describing roost characteristics and suggest the inclusion of new methods to describe microclimate. In summation, I argue that there are methods of measuring roost characteristics that may be beneficial to use in conjunction with the methods currently being used, and that microclimate should be considered when designing future studies.
Dissecting the interaction between nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and caveolin. Functional significance of the nos caveolin binding domain in vivo

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is a dually acylated peripheral membrane protein that targets to the Golgi region and caveolae of endothelial cells. Recent evidence has shown that eNOS can co-precipitate with caveolin-1, the resident coat protein of caveolae, suggesting a direct interaction between these two proteins. To test this idea, we examined the interactions of eNOS with caveolin-1 in vitro and in vivo. Incubation of endothelial cell lysates or purified eNOS with glutathione S-transferase (GST)-caveolin-1 resulted in the direct interaction of the two proteins. Utilizing a series of GST-caveolin-1 deletion mutants, we identified two cytoplasmic domains of caveolin-1 that interact with eNOS, the scaffolding domain (amino acids 61–101) and to a lesser extent the C-terminal tail (amino acids 135–178). Incubation of pure eNOS with peptides derived from the scaffolding domains of caveolin-1 and -3, but not the analogous regions from caveolin-2, resulted in inhibition of eNOS, inducible NOS (iNOS), and neuronal NOS (nNOS) activities. These results suggest a common mechanism and site of inhibition. Utilizing GST-eNOS fusions, the site of caveolin binding was localized between amino acids 310 and 570. Site-directed mutagenesis of the predicted caveolin binding motif within eNOS blocked the ability of caveolin-1 to suppress NO release in co-transfection experiments. Thus, our data demonstrate a novel functional role for caveolin-1 in mammalian cells as a potential molecular chaperone that directly inactivates NOS. This suggests that the direct binding of eNOS to caveolin-1, per se, and the functional consequences of eNOS targeting to caveolae are likely temporally and spatially distinct events that regulate NO production in endothelial cells. Additionally, the inactivation of eNOS and nNOS by the scaffolding domain of caveolin-3 suggests that eNOS in cardiac myocytes and nNOS in skeletal muscle are likely subject to negative regulation by this muscle-specific caveolin isoform.
MOISTURE CONTENT DETERMINATION IN SINGLE CORN KERNELS BY MICROWAVE RESONATOR TECHNIQUES

Moisture contents of single kernels of corn, Zea mays L., were determined to within ±1·2 per cent moisture, independent of kernel mass and shape, by measuring resonant frequency shift and Q-factor change of a rectangular waveguide cavity operating at 3·2 GHz. Measurements were made at two kernel orientations differing by 90-degree rotation about the x axis and averaged.
Impact of Thermodiffusion on Carbon Nanotube Growth by Chemical Vapor Deposition

Thermal diffusion, the process by which a multicomponent mixture develops a concentration gradient when exposed to a temperature gradient, has been studied in order to understand if its inclusion is warranted in the modeling of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) synthesis by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD). A fully coupled reactor-scale model employing conservation of mass, momentum, species, and energy equations with detailed gas phase and surface reaction mechanisms has been utilized to describe the evolution of hydrogen and hydrocarbon feed streams as they undergo transport, as well as homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reaction within a CVD reactor. Steady state velocity, temperature, and concentration fields within the reactor volume are determined, as well as concentrations of adsorbed species and SWNT growth rates. The effect of thermodiffusion in differing reactor conditions has been investigated to understand the impact on SWNT growth. Thermal diffusion can have a significant impact on SWNT growth, and the first approximation of the thermal diffusion factor, based on the Chapman―Enskog molecular theory, is sufficient for modeling thermophoretic behavior within a CVD reactor. This effect can be facilitatory or inhibitory, based on the thermal and mass flux conditions. The results of this investigation are useful in order to optimize model and reactor designs to promote optimal SWNT deposition rates.
History and challenges surrounding ovarian stimulation in the treatment of infertility.

Objective To examine the history of superovulation for ovulation induction, its contributions to reproductive medicine, and its impact on multiple births. Design A search of the relevant literature using PubMed and other online tools. Result(s) Infertility has been a condition known and studied for thousands of years. However, it was not until this past century that effective treatments were developed. With the advancement of our knowledge of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis, therapies utilizing gonadotropins were developed to stimulate ovulation. Not only could we now treat anovulatory infertility but also induce superovulation for IVF. With these successes came consequences, including increased multiple pregnancies. Several countries recognized the high costs associated with multiple births and implemented regulations on the infertility industry. The rate of triplet and higher-order multiples has declined over the past decade. This is largely attributed to a decreased number of embryos transferred. Nonetheless, the twin rate has remained consistently high. Conclusion(s) Superovulation has become a routine medical therapy used for ovulation induction and IVF. With the development of this technology have come effective therapies for infertility and new ethical and medical challenges. Since the advent of gonadotropin therapy we have already developed technologies to improve monitoring and decrease hyperstimulation and high-order multiple pregnancies. In the future we anticipate new tools devised to optimize one embryo for one singleton live birth.
Approximating measures invariant under higher-dimensional chaotic transformations

Abstract Let τ be a Jablonski transformation from the n -dimensional unit cube into itself. We present a method for approximating the absolutely continuous invariant measures by means of approximating the Frobenius-Perron operator by finite-dimensional operators. This proves an n -dimensional version of a conjecture by Ulam and generalizes the one-dimensional results of T. Y. Li.
Diffusion of [3H]Dexamethasone in Rat Subcutaneous Slices after Injection Measured by Digital Autoradiography

A relatively simple method for the determination of the diffusion coefficient of a substance that has been injected into tissue is described. We illustrate this method using [ 3 H]dexamethasone injected into the subcutaneous tissue of rats. Digital autoradiography was used to measure the distribution of the [ 3 H]dexamethasone within the subcutaneous tissue at 2.5 and 20 min after injection. Measured concentration profiles of the injection were compared to a mathematical model of drug diffusion from an injection. There was good agreement between the experimental data and the mathematical model. The diffusion coefficient found using this simple injection method was (4.01 ± 2.01) x 10 -10 m 2 /s. This D value was very close to the value of D = (4.11 ± 1.77) x 10 -10 m 2 /s found previously using different mathematical and experimental techniques with osmotic pumps implanted for 6, 24, and 60 h in rats (1). The simple method given here for the determination of the diffusion coefficient is general enough to be applied to other substances and tissues as well.