cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Histone Methyltransferase hSETD1A Is a Novel Regulator of Metastasis in Breast Cancer.

Epigenetic alteration is a hallmark of all cancers. Such alterations lead to modulation of fundamental cancer-related functions, such as proliferation, migration, and invasion. In particular, methylation of Histone H3 Lysine 4 (H3K4), a histone mark generally associated with transcriptional activation, is altered during progression of several human cancers. While the depletion of H3K4 demethylases promotes breast cancer metastasis, the effect of H3K4 methyltransferases on metastasis is not clear. Nevertheless, gene duplications in the human SETD1A (hSETD1A) H3K4 methyltransferase are present in almost half of breast cancers. Herein, expression analysis determined that hSETD1A is upregulated in multiple metastatic human breast cancer cell lines and clinical tumor specimens. Ablation of hSETD1A in breast cancer cells led to a decrease in migration and invasion in vitro and to a decrease in metastasis in nude mice. Furthermore, a group of matrix metalloproteinases (including MMP2, MMP9, MMP12, MMP13, and MMP17) were identified which were downregulated upon depletion of hSETD1A and demonstrated a decrease in H3K4me3 at their proximal promoters based on chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. These results provide evidence for a functional and mechanistic link among hSETD1A, MMPs, and metastasis in breast cancer, thereby supporting an oncogenic role for hSETD1A in cancer. Implications: This study reveals that hSETD1A controls tumor metastasis by activating MMP expression and provides an epigenetic link among hSETD1A, MMPs, and metastasis of breast cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 13(3); 461–9. ©2014 AACR.
Detection of Pulmonary Edema in Acute Myocardial Infarction

To evaluate methods for detecting pulmonary edema, pulmonary extravascular water volume was measured at 24 hour intervals (total 72 hours) in 25 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Measured lung water was compared with results of clinical, blood gas, X-ray and hemodynamic methods for detecting pulmonary edema. Increased pulmonary extravascular water volume on one or more measurements was observed in 18 of the 25 patients and was associated with an abnormal chest radiograph and increased pulmonary arterial wedge, pulmonary arterial diastolic and right atrial pressures. It was associated less well with clinical, blood gas and other hemodynamic measurements. Pulmonary arterial diastolic or pulmonary wedge pressure was a significant predictor of lung water 24 hours later. Both “preclinical pulmonary edema” and the “therapeutic phase lag” could be predicted from the pulmonary wedge pressure. Clinical, blood gas, radiographic and other hemodynamic measurements were not predictive.
Oscillation of bounded solutions of neutral differential equations

Abstract We study the oscillatory behavior of the bounded solutions of neutral differential equations of the form (1) A sufficient condition is established for (1) to be almost oscillatory in the sense that every solution ( t ) is either oscillatory or satisfies .
Infection and Immunity in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Patients having chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are at increased risk for infectious morbidity and mortality. The predisposition to infections in CLL patients has many components, including both immunodeficiency related to the leukemia itself (humoral and cellular immune dysfunction) and the results of cumulative immunosuppression related to CLL treatment. The risk of infectious complications increases with the duration of CLL, reflecting the natural history of the disease and the cumulative immunosuppression related to its treatment. Hence, in early, untreated CLL, the infectious risk is mainly related to hypogammaglobulinemia, and infections by encapsulated bacteria are common. However, in patients having advanced CLL, particularly those who receive the newer purine analogues, neutropenia and defects in cell-mediated immunity appear to be the major predisposing factors. An expanded spectrum of pathogens, including opportunistic fungi, Pneumocystis carinii, Listeria monocytogenes, mycobacteria, and herpesviruses, are seen in that setting. The changing spectrum of infections in this latter group of patients mandates a newer approach to prophylaxis and therapy.
The role of gonadal steroid receptor activation in the restoration of sociosexual behavior in adult male rats.

This work tested the hypothesis that gonadal steroid receptor activation was necessary for the restoration of several sociosexual behaviors (such as copulatory behavior, partner preference, 50-kHz vocalizations, and scent marking) in testosterone-treated gonadectomized male rats. Gonadal steroid receptors were blocked by systemic administration of the antiandrogen hydroxyflutamide, the antiestrogen RU 58668, or both antagonists simultaneously in a restoration paradigm. Inhibiting androgen receptors with hydroxyflutamide blocked the restoration of male copulatory behavior, partner preference (time spent with a sexually receptive female over a nonreceptive female), 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations, and scent marking. On the other hand, we did not find that blocking estrogen receptors with RU 58668 inhibited the restoration of copulatory behavior or partner preference in testosterone-treated gonadectomized male rats, even though the level of brain nuclear estrogen receptor occupation was significantly reduced to the level found in gonadectomized males. However, the restoration of scent marking and 50-kHz vocalizations were impaired by RU 58668. Blocking both nuclear androgen and estrogen receptors with the two antagonists simultaneously did not have a greater inhibitory effect than treatment with each antagonist alone. Therefore, the activation of nuclear estrogen receptors is necessary for the restoration of some, but not all, sociosexual behaviors, which are also androgen receptor-dependent. Besides nuclear estrogen receptors, there are additional, but unknown, targets of estradiol that play a role in mediating copulatory behavior in adult male rats. Moreover, the signals from multiple gonadal steroid signaling pathways converge in the regulation of some sociosexual behaviors in adult male rats.
Texture Models for Brain Tumor Segmentation

We have been developing multiresolution fractal texture models in multimodal MRI for brain tumor segmentation. In this paper, we show statistical efficacy of our models using both our clinical and publicly available brain tumor datasets.
Giant and duplicated imaginal discs in a new lethal mutant of Drosophila melanogaster.

Abstract An account is given of a new mutant,lethal (2) giant discs (l(2)gd; 2–42.7 ± 0.5) ofDrosophila melanogaster, in which the imaginal discs grow to far beyond their normal size during an extended larval period (Figs. 2–6). The extent of the delay in puparium formation in this strain can be modified by changing the culture conditions (Fig. 1). When the larvae are crowded, puparium formation is delayed for up to 9 days, and during this time the imaginal discs grow extensively and acquire an abnormal morphology. Under noncrowded conditions, the delay in puparium formation is usually less than 1 day, and the imaginal discs are correspondingly less abnormal. The time of death (effective lethal phase) is also dependent on culture conditions. Alll(2)gd homozygotes form puparia and pupal cuticle, but there are various defects in eversion of the discs. When the larvae are grown under crowded conditions, death follows shortly after disc eversion; hence no adult cuticle is secreted. In noncrowded cultures, however, about half of the mutant animals are able to produce some adult structures (Figs. 7 and 8). There are characteristic defects in the adult structures produced in these animals, which are also produced byl(2)gd imaginal discs transplanted into wild-type host larvae for metamorphosis (Figs. 9–12). The cuticular hair patterns are normal, but the number of bristles is reduced to about 20% of the number in wild type, and the number of bracts and of sensilla is reduced even more. Those bristles which are produced are usually normal in appearance. Normal aristae are produced, but the ungius is usually missing from the claw organ. Tarsi produced by the leg disc have only two segments instead of five, and appear to have excessive amounts of intersegmental membrane (Fig. 8). In certain imaginal discs, the extensive growth during the lengthened larval period seems to occur preferentially in particular regions. This is reflected in the size of the corresponding structures produced after metamorphosis in wild-type hosts (Fig. 11). In the second and third leg discs, the region of maximal growth is in the thoracic anlage, and this growth is followed by the appearance of a secondary involution and folding in this region (Fig. 4). Leg discs which contain such secondary folds give rise to duplicated legs after metamorphosis in a wild-type host (Figs. 13 and 14), hence the new involution and folding corresponds with a real duplication of anlagen in the disc. The details of the duplication process are discussed; it is suggested that the production of these secondary anlagen resembles the normal development of the leg disc more than it resembles other examples of pattern duplication in imaginal discs. There appears to be a population of cells in the leg disc ofl(2)gd which have special regulative properties. l(2)gd tissue has the capacity for transdetermination, although the frequency is lower than in wild-type tissue.
Mediators of the inflammatory response to joint replacement devices

Joint replacement surgery is one of the success stories of modern medicine, restoring mobility, diminishing pain and improving the overall quality of life for millions of people. Unfortunately, wear of these prostheses over time generates debris, which activates an innate immune response that can ultimately lead to periprosthetic resorption of bone (osteolysis) and failure of the implant. Over the past decade, the biological interactions between the particulate debris from various implant materials and the immune system have begun to be better understood. The wear debris induces a multifaceted immune response encompassing the generation of reactive oxygen species and damage-associated molecular patterns, Toll-like receptor signaling and NALP3 inflammasome activation. Acting alone or in concert, these events generate chronic inflammation, periprosthetic bone loss and decreased osteointegration that ultimately leads to implant failure.
Association between asbestos exposure, cigarette smoking, myeloperoxidase (MPO) genotypes, and lung cancer risk.

Background As observed in tobacco-associated carcinogenesis, genetic factors such as the polymorphic metabolic/oxidative enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) could modulate individual susceptibility to asbestos-associated carcinogenesis. Methods RFLP-PCR analysis identified the MPO genotypes in 375 Caucasian lung cancer cases and 378 matched controls. An epidemiological interview elicited detailed information regarding smoking history and occupational history and exposures. Results Asbestos exposure was associated with a significantly elevated risk estimate (OR = 1.45; 95% CI 1.04–2.02). On stratified analysis, we found the MPO genotypes modified the effect of asbestos exposure on lung cancer risk. Specifically, G/G carriers who were exposed to asbestos had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.72 (95% CI; 1.09–2.66), while A-allele carriers (G/A + A/A) exposed to asbestos exhibited a reduced OR of 0.89 (95% CI; 0.56–1.44). The OR was further reduced to 0.73 (0.49–1.06) for A-allele carriers not exposed to asbestos. A similar trend was observed for the joint effects between the MPO genotypes and pack-years smoking. Next, all three risk factors (MPO genotypes, asbestos exposure, and smoking) were analyzed simultaneously for joint effects. Heavy smokers with the G/G genotype and a history of asbestos exposure demonstrated a statistically significant elevated risk estimate (OR = 2.19; 95% CI 1.16–4.11), while the A-allele carriers with the same exposure profile were at a lower risk for lung cancer (OR = 1.18; 95% CI 0.58–2.38). The A-allele genotypes demonstrated similar protective effects for the other three exposure profiles. Conclusions For a similar level of exposure to established carcinogens, individuals with the MPO A-allele genotypes appear to have a reduced risk of lung cancer. Am. J. Ind. Med. 42:29–37, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Equilibrator: Modeling Chemical Equilibria with Excel.

Equilibrator is a Microsoft Excel program for learning about chemical equilibria through modeling, similar in function to EQS4WIN, which is no longer supported and does not work well with newer Windows operating systems. Similar to EQS4WIN, Equilibrator allows the user to define a system with temperature, initial moles, and then either total pressure or volume. Unlike EQS4WIN, Equilibrator is designed to let the user find the point of equilibrium using a slider to shift the extent of reaction. The program simultaneously calculates the reaction quotient, the Gibbs free energy, G, and ΔG; and immediately updates pertinent graphs for feedback. With so many simultaneous ways to evaluate the position of the reaction with regard to equilibrium, Equilibrator is a superior pedagogical tool for helping students truly understand the basic principles of chemical equilibria.
Non-Navier Stokes viscous flow computations☆

Abstract the present paper addresses the basis and advantages of non-Navier Stokes flow computations as compared to solution of the full equations. Several “parabolic” or “thin layer” approximations are developed and examined for a variety of flow conditions ranging from incompressible to hypersonic, from moderate (in some cases low) to high Reynolds number, and for two and three-dimensions. The methods are examined from both a numerical and asymptotic analysis viewpoint.
Methylene-insertion reactions with unsaturated sugars. Synthesis of 4-C-cyclopropyl-d-ribo-tetrofuranose derivatives☆☆☆

3-O-Benzyl-5,6-dideoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-d-xylo-hex-5-enofuranose (1) was converted by the Simmons-Smith reaction into the cyclopropyl derivative 2, which was debenzylated to the known2 4-C-cyclopropyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-d-xylo-tetrofuranose (3). Oxidation of 3 with ruthenium tetraoxide gave the corresponding 3-ketone 4, which underwent stereospecific reduction by borohydride to give 4-C-cyclopropyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-d-ribo-tetrofuranose (6). In an alternative route to 6, 3-O-benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-d-allofuranose (10) was prepared by a high-yielding procedure and converted into 3-O-benzyl-5,6-dideoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-d-ribo-hex-5-enofuranose (12), either by way of an orthoformate (11) or thionocarbonate (14) intermediate; the alkene 12 was then converted into the cyclopropyl derivative 15, and 15 was subsequently debenzylated to give 6. 1,2-O-Isopropylidene-α-d-allofuranose (7) was converted, either by way of the 5,6-thiono-carbonate 8 or an orthoformic ester, into 5,6-dideoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-d-ribo-hex-5-enofuranose (9). High yields were achieved in all steps, and n.m.r. spectral data are given for the products. Mass-spectral data are given for the ketone 4, the cyclopropyl derivative 6, the thionocarbonate 8, and the alkenes 9 and 12; o.r.d. and c.d. data are also given for the thionocarbonates 8 and 14.
Scientific research competence as a function of creative ability

In investigating the proposition that creative ability is crucial to the conduct of successful scientific research, the author assessed creative ability and scientific research competence for each member of a total sample of sixty-four scientists, selected from a large sub-unit of a state university and an independent research laboratory. The expectation that creative ability would be strongly related to manifest research competence definitely was not met: no direct relationship was found between the two variables. The possible moderating effects of scientist interpersonal competence were then examined. The principal conclusion drawn from this study is that there are additional psychological, social, and organizational variables whose interactive properties affect the translation of inherent creative ability directly into creative performance.
Complementary molecular models of learning and memory

Abstract The functional capabilities of the brain are formally characterizable in terms of a finite system along with a memory space which it can manipulate. Two types of learning are possible: (1) modification-based learning, associated with alternate realizations of the finite system; (2) memory-based learning, associated with the assimilation, manipulation, and retrieval of memories. Constructive models which fulfill these conditions and which at the same time operate on the basis of molecular information processing principles have certain general features. We describe these features in terms of two interfaced submodels, the first for the finite system and the second for the memory space. The finite system may be realized by networks of neurons in which the specificity of enzyme molecules controls the nerve impulse. Such a realization is amenable to modification-based learning mediated by processes analogous to those of natural evolution and selective theories of antibody synthesis. The memory space is realizable by networks of neurons in which the conformation of dendritic receptor molecules controls the nerve impulse. In this case certain neurons firing in response to an external input undergo sensitization at the dendrites and in such a way that they are loadable and later callable by reference neurons, thereby allowing for reconstruction or manipulation of the firing pattern associated with this input. The overall construction makes a large number of biochemical, anatomical, physiological, and psychological predictions which are either testable or in good agreement with fact.
Electron Transport Phenomena in Zinc at Liquid-Helium Temperatures

The magnetic-field dependences of the electrical and thermal resistances, the thermoelectric power, the Hall, the Righi-Leduc, the Peltier, the Ettingshausen, and the Ettingshausen-Nernst effects at liquid-helium temperatures in magnetic fields up to 14 kG, have been investigated in a single crystal of zinc. The measurements were taken with either a constant heat current or a constant electric current flowing perpendicular to the hexagonal axis and with the magnetic field parallel to the hexagonal axis. Original observations of de Haas-van Alphen type oscillations were made in the Righi-Leduc, the Peltier, and the Ettingshausen effects. Respective periods of 6.14, 6.28, and 6.45\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ ${\mathrm{G}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ were found. Like the Hall effect, the Righi-Leduc effect changes sign at about 5500 G. The Ettingshausen and the Peltier effects are strongly oscillatory with little monotonic variation with field. The oscillations in the Peltier effect and the thermal magnetoresistance exhibit a phase inversion near 5000 G similar to that in the Ettingshausen-Nernst effect and the magnetoresistance. This change in phase is correlated with the change in sign of the Hall and the Righi-Leduc effects at about the same field value. The longitudinal and transverse Lorenz ratios are equal and remain practically constant in high fields at a value of 2.35\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ ${\mathrm{V}}^{2}$${/\mathrm{d}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{g}}^{2}$, i.e., 4% smaller than the free-electron value. An extrapolated value of the lattice conductivity at 2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is 0.02 W/deg-cm, i.e., about 0.02% of the zero-field electronic thermal conductivity. The thermoelectric effects are compared by means of the Onsager relations. Excellent agreement is found for the phase and amplitude of oscillations. The different kinetic coefficients relating fluxes to affinities were computed to facilitate comparison with theory. Curve fitting of the conductivity coefficients to Sondheimer-Wilson theory was attempted in terms of a four-band scheme. Analysis of the oscillations was attempted in terms of recent theory. The Righi-Leduc and the Hall conductivities, the Ettingshausen-Nernst, and the Ettingshausen effects (the transverse effects) strongly disagree with the expectation of any of the available theories, each exhibiting oscillations whose amplitude is several orders of magnitude larger than that calculated from any of the various theories. The results for the longitudinal effects (the thermal and the electrical conductivities, and the thermoelectric and the Peltier coefficients) are consistent, within the experimental error, with recent quantum-mechanical conductivity theories.
Prospects for the global Internet: new techniques for delivering rich digital collections to users world‐wide

Every user of the World Wide Web understands why the WWW is often ridiculed as the World Wide Wait. The WWW and other applications on the Internet have been developed with a client‐server orientation that, in its simplest form, involves a centralized information repository to which users (clients) send requests. This single‐server model suffers from performance problems when clients are too numerous, when clients are physically far away in the Network, when the materials being delivered become very large and hence stress the wide‐area bandwidth, and when the information has a real‐time delivery component as with streaming audio and video materials. Engineering information delivery solutions that break the single‐site model has become an important aspect of next‐generation WWW delivery systems. Intends to help the information professional understand what new directions the delivery infrastructure of the WWW is taking and why these technical changes will impact users around the globe, especially in bandwidth‐poor areas of the Internet.
Effects of Ice Microphysics on Tropical Radiative–Convective–Oceanic Quasi-Equilibrium States

Abstract The effects of ice microphysics on the mean state of tropical atmosphere and ocean are quantified using a coupled cloud–ocean model. The cloud-resolving model (CRM) treats explicitly the cloud-scale dynamics instead of using parameterization as is necessary in a general circulation model (GCM). The ocean model is a one-dimensional (1D) mixed layer model with a nonlocal K-profile parameterization to represent the vertical mixing in the oceanic surface boundary layer. Two sets of 40-day simulations attain radiative–convective–oceanic quasi-equilibrium states, one is a coupled simulation, the other has a fixed sea surface temperature (SST). Each set consists of two simulations, with a larger and smaller ice fall speed, respectively. The two coupled simulations (T0C and M2C) yield dramatically different radiative–convective–oceanic quasi-equilibrium states demonstrating the profound impact of ice microphysics on the water vapor, cloud, and radiation fields. The mean SST and mixed layer depth in M2C i...
Management Effects of Disease-Suppressive Rotation Crops on Potato Yield and Soilborne Disease and Their Economic Implications in Potato Production

Soilborne potato diseases are persistent problems in potato production. Use of disease-suppressive rotation crops, such as Brassica spp. (mustards, rapeseed) and sudangrass, has shown potential for management of soilborne diseases and enhanced yield in various crop production systems. However, how to best implement these crops into productive potato cropping systems has not yet been determined. In this research, potential disease-suppressive crops were evaluated under four different types of production management (as a cover crop, green manure, harvested crop-residue incorporated, and harvested crop-residue not incorporated) in potato rotation field trials, and their effects on disease, yield, and economic viability determined. Mustard blend, sudangrass, and rapeseed rotations reduced the tuber disease black scurf (by 16–27 %) and increased yield (by 6–11 %) relative to a barley rotation control, but only mustard blend consistently reduced common scab (by 11 %). All rotation crops managed as green manures produced lower disease (by 15–26 %) and higher yields (by 6–13 %) than other management practices. Overall, the combination of mustard blend managed as a green manure was most effective, reducing scurf by 54 % and increasing yield by 25 % relative to a soybean cover crop. The use of mustard or rapeseed as a harvested crop with incorporation provided the best economic return, increasing net income by more than $860/ha relative to the standard barley rotation, but mustard blend grown as a green manure or non-incorporated harvest crop also substantially increased net income ($600 to $780/ha).
Conversion of Ketones to Cyanohydrins: Benzophenone Cycanohydrin

Conversion of Ketones to Cyanohydrins: Benzophenone Cycanohydrin intermediate: O-(trimethylsilyl) benzophenone cyanohydrin product: Benzophenone cyanohydrin product: Cyclohexanone cyanohydrin product: Cyclooctanone cyanohydrin product: Fluorenone cyanohydrin product: tert-Butyl phenyl ketone cyanohydrin product: p-Chloroacetophenone cyanohydrin product: p-Nitroacetophenone cyanohydrin product: p-Acetylbenzonitrile cyanohydrin product: p-Methoxyacetophenone cyanohydrin product: p-Methylacetophenone cyanohydrin Keywords: addition, to CO; addition, to CO; deprotection, oxygen
Exchange-controlled magnetic anisotropy

The magnetocrystalline anisotropy of 5f transition-metal atoms (actinides) is investigated. A simple model Hamiltonian reproduces the observed huge low-temperature anisotropy of cubic actinide compounds such as US and predicts the temperature dependence of the anisotropy. The dominance of the spin–orbit and crystal–field interactions means that the magnitude of the anisotropy is limited only by interatomic exchange. One consequence is that cubic and uniaxial 4f magnets have similar magnitudes of the anisotropy and similar temperatures dependencies.
Evangelical Elites' Changing Responses to Homosexuality 1960-2009

Although popular culture war depictions have often presented evangelical elites as intransigent in their opposition to homosexuality, we find that during the last several decades, evangelical elites have actually been subtly but significantly changing their moral reasoning about homosexuality. Based on content analysis of the popular evangelical magazine Christianity Today, we identify the shifts that compose this change, and we propose that various combinations of these shifts align with and map onto four overarching responses to homosexuality. We suggest that the development of these responses demonstrates a trajectory of change that portends the increasing liberalization of evangelical elites’ positions and attitudes on public policy debates related to homosexuality. We argue that these changing responses are largely the result of underlying shifts in the sources of moral authority to which evangelical elites have been appealing when making arguments about homosexuality.
Target Detection With Impulse Radiating Antenna

A prolate spheroidal reflector antenna focuses subnanosecond pulsed radiation in the near field with a small beamwidth, allowing for applications such as target detection. Confocal imaging in free space has been demonstrated with such an antenna for both transmitting and receiving. A polarized beam allows for the detection of linear target orientation. We show that decreasing the focal spot size by adding a dielectric lens enables us to resolve a target with a typical dimension of 4 cm. The spatial resolution can be further enhanced by increasing the dielectric constant of the lens' innermost layer.
Quenching to unitarity: Quantum dynamics in a three-dimensional Bose gas

We study the dynamics of a zero-temperature Bose condensate following a sudden quench of the scattering length from noninteracting to unitarity (infinite scattering length). We apply three complementary approaches to understand the momentum distribution and loss rate. First, using a time-dependent variational ansatz for the many-body state, we calculate the dynamics of the momentum distribution. Second, we demonstrate that, at short times and large momenta compared to those set by the density, the physics can be understood within a simple, analytic two-body model. We make a quantitative prediction for the evolution of Tan's contact and find features in the momentum distribution that are absent in equilibrium. Third, we study three-body loss at finite density under the same dynamic scenario. We find lifetimes that are long compared to the saturation times of large-momentum modes, and we relate this result to the three-body inelasticity parameter.
VH shuffling can be used to convert an Fv fragment of anti-hen egg lysozyme specificity to one that recognizes a T cell receptor Vα

This study describes the isolation and characterization of Fv fragments that recognize a T cell receptor Vα (Vα 1934.4). A VH gene repertoire from an immunized mouse was recombined with the anti-hen egg lysozyme (HEL) VκD1.3 gene as single chain (sc)Fvs, and an Fv with reasonable affinity for binding to Vα1934.4 isolated. The Fv (VH14/VκD1.3) does not bind to HEL, indicating that the heavy chain shuffling has converted an anti-HEL specificity to one that recognizes the unrelated Vα1934.4. The association constant for the Fv-Vα1934.4 interaction has been determined using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and is 1.2 × 107 M−1. Recombinant antibodies of reasonable affinity can therefore be generated by combining a VH library with a ‘fixed’ Vκ. To improve the affinity further, light chain shuffling has been used to generate an Fv (VH14/Vκ9) that has a 30-fold higher affinity for binding to Vα1934.4 than the parent (VH14/VκD1.3) Fv, and SPR measurements demonstrate that the affinity improvement is due to an increase in on-rate. Unexpectedly, Vκ9 differs from VκD1.3 by only two amino acids at positions 30 and 91 and, consistent with the change in binding affinity, both of these residues are located in CDRs.
Heterakis and Histomonas infections in young peafowl, compared to such infections in pheasants, chickens, and turkeys.

Young peafowl (Pavo cristatits), when tested for susceptibility to histomoni-asis by feeding embryonated eggs of Heterakis gallinarum carrying Histomonas meleagridis, were almost as susceptible to the disease as young Beltsville Small White turkeys. The disease developed more slowly, but, by 14 days after inoculation morbidity was 100% and 84% died. The young peafowl is so much more susceptible to histomoniasis than either chickens or pheasants that it should never be permitted to mingle with these birds, except where earthworms, the means of transmission of Heterakis, are absent. However, the young peafowl is unimportant in transmitting Histomonas meleagridis because the cecal worm rarely completes its life cycle in a young bird of this species when histomoniasis is present.
Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Edema by Alloxan

Alloxan causes pulmonary edema in anesthetized dogs by a local action in the lungs. Measurements of blood pressures, flow, vascular resistance and blood volume of intact and perfused lungs suggest that the initiation of edema is due to capillary congestion brought about by constriction of Pulmonary veins.
Evaluation of a Feed-Grade Enzyme in Broiler Diets to Reduce Pododermatitis

SUMMARY Nutritional and management interventions are needed to reduce the incidence of pododermatitis in poultry. In this study, enzyme (Allzyme Vegpro) supplementation of corn-soybean meal-based broiler diets was evaluated in an effort to reduce total N and NH3 production and its effect on pododermatitis in broiler chickens. A total of 1,600 mixed-sex chicks were raised on floor pens in a design involving 2 × 2 × 2 arrangement of protein level [high or low], protein source [all vegetable (Veg) or vegetable plus animal (Veg + Ani)], and enzyme [with or without enzyme supplementation (0.06%)], on a 4-stage feeding program (4 replicate pens/treatment; 50 birds/pen). In addition to live performance, the feet were scored for incidence of lesions on all birds on 28, 42, and 57 d of age, and the severity was recorded as none, mild, and severe. Pooled gut samples were collected at 57 d of age to determine viscosities of fore- and hindgut contents. Pooled litter samples were analyzed for moisture, total N, and NH3 production at 14, 28, 42, and 57 d of age. Live performance of birds did not vary among the treatments (P > 0.05). The incidence of pododermatitis was significantly affected by protein source at 42 d (P < 0.05), with birds fed all-vegetable diets showing higher incidence and severity than those fed vegetable plus animal diets. At 57 d of age, birds reared on all-vegetable diets with enzyme supplementation showed a lower incidence of mild footpad lesions compared with other treatments. Enzyme supplementation reduced viscosity of the gut contents irrespective of the protein level or protein source. Higher levels of litter NH3 were observed with high-protein diets (28 and 42 d), all-vegetable diets (28 d), and with enzyme supplementation (28 and 42 d). In this study, enzyme supplementation had little effect on litter total N and NH3 production levels, but reduced viscosity of the gut contents and severity of pododermatitis in older birds.
SAGE-GROUSE AND INDIRECT INTERACTIONS: POTENTIAL IMPLICATIONS OF COYOTE CONTROL ON SAGE-GROUSE POPULATIONS

Abstract ABSTRACT Coyotes (Canis latrans) are lethally controlled throughout the range of Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and it has been suggested that such control may benefit sage-grouse. However, the perceived benefits of control are based on the direct effects of coyotes on sage-grouse and largely ignore potential indirect interactions. Here, we summarize some of the evidence for direct effects in a simplified food web including coyotes and sage-grouse. There is very little evidence to suggest that coyotes have much of a direct negative effect on sage-grouse, but there is considerable evidence supporting direct interactions that would lead to positive indirect effects between coyotes and sage-grouse. The three likely forms of positive indirect effects arise because coyotes reduce the potential negative effects resulting from mesopredator release and apparent and exploitative competition. Mesopredator release would adversely affect sage-grouse if a decrease in coyotes allowed an increa...
Complex epistasis and the genetic basis of hybrid sterility in the Drosophila pseudoobscura Bogota-USA hybridization.

We analyzed the genetic basis of postzygotic isolation between the Bogota and USA subspecies of Drosophila pseudoobscura . These subspecies diverged very recently (perhaps as recently as 155,000 to 230,000 years ago) and are partially reproductively isolated: Bogota and USA show very little prezygotic isolation but form sterile F1 males in one direction of the hybridization. We dissected the basis of this hybrid sterility and reached four main conclusions. First, postzygotic isolation appears to involve a modest number of genes: we found large chromosome regions that have no effect on hybrid fertility. Second, although apparently few in number, the factors causing hybrid sterility show a remarkably complex pattern of epistatic interaction. Hybrids suffer no hybrid sterility until they carry the “right” allele (Bogota vs . USA) at at least four loci. We describe the complete pattern of interactions between all chromosome regions known to affect hybrid fertility. Third, hybrid sterility is caused mainly by X- autosomal incompatibilities. Fourth, hybrid sterility does not involve a maternal effect, despite earlier claims to the contrary. In general, our results suggest that fewer genes are required for the appearance of hybrid sterility than implied by previous studies of older pairs of Drosophila species. Indeed, a maximum likelihood analysis suggests that roughly 15 hybrid male steriles separate the Bogota and USA subspecies. Only a subset of these would act in F1 hybrids.
Evidence for Binary Orbital Motion of a Quasar Broad-Line Region

Analysis of spectra of the quasar 3C 390.3 covering a period of over 20 yr shows that the blueshifted peak of Hβ has been changing its radial velocity at an almost constant rate during this time. The radial velocity has increased by over 1500 km s-1. The lower limit to the period of radial velocity changes is 210 yr. Although very long periods cannot be excluded by the radial velocity curve alone, other considerations suggest that the period is ~300 yr. If the radial velocity changes are due to orbital motion, the radius of the orbit is ~0.3 pc and the total mass of the system is ~7 × 109 M☉. In the binary black hole model, the masses of the two holes are ~2.2 × 109 M☉ and ~4.4 × 109 M☉. A possible third peak claimed to be present in some 1974-1975 spectra is shown to be an instrumental artifact. The narrowness of the displaced peaks in 3C 390.3 objects requires that the broad-line region cloud motions are not governed solely by gravity. The black hole masses derived by Koratkar & Gaskell need to be increased significantly. This probably lowers accretion efficiencies to less than 1% of the Eddington limit.
Emulating Dynamic Target in Compact Radar Ranges. Part I: Theory

Analytical expressions are developed that describe the artifacts encountered when translating, rotating, and vibrating point sources are imaged by compact radar ranges (CRRs) emulating airborne synthetic-aperture radar (SAR). The approach starts with coherent-aperture imaging basics and develops a general solution for imaging using the Born approximation. We show that moving-target artifacts on CRRs are similar to the artifacts encountered with SAR moving targets, suggesting that CRRs may be suitable for such emulations.
Hybridization of Fano and Vibrational Resonances in Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy of Streptavidin Monolayers on Metamaterial Substrates

We present spectral hybridization of organic and inorganic resonant materials and related bio-sensing mechanism. We utilized a bound protein (streptavidin) and a Fano-resonant metasurface to illustrate the concept. The technique allows us to investigate the vibrational modes of the streptavidin and how they couple to the underlying metasurface. This optical, label-free, nonperturbative technique is supported by a coupled mode-theory analysis that provides information on the structure and orientation of bound proteins. We can also simultaneously monitor the binding of analytes to the surface through monitoring the shift of the metasurface resonance. All of this data opens up interesting opportunities for applications in biosensing, molecular electronics and proteomics.
CMOS integrated high speed light sensors for optical wireless communication applications

This work presents a single link CMOS high data rate receiver to be integrated in imaging diversity sensor arrays for optical wireless communication targeting indoor scenarios. To compete with existing radio frequency links, sensing and transmitting data in the hundreds of Mbits per second and above, the proposed data/light sensor is optimized at both the photodetector and circuit levels to provide 5Gps data rate from a single optical link using low cost, high yield standard CMOS technology. A novel photo-detector structure, Triple Well Interrupted N-finger photodiode, is proposed that can achieve a bandwidth up to 10 GHz at 1.2V reverse bias. To compensate for the decreased responsivity of the photodiode, a wideband, high gain and low noise transimpedance amplifier compatible with the speed-enhanced CMOS photodiode is implemented in 0.13μm CMOS technology. The amplifier chain achieves a measured bit error rate (BER) of 10−12 at 5 Gbps corresponding to 2.8μA input current in presence of 1pF input capacitance representing the photodiode. The die area is 1106μmx895μm including a transimpedance amplifier (TIA), limiter and buffer and the power dissipation is 68mW from a 1.5V DC supply.
Diastereomeric liquid crystal domains at the mesoscale

In many technologies used to achieve separation of enantiomers, chiral selectors are designed to display differential affinity for the two enantiomers of a chiral compound. Such complexes are diastereomeric, differing in structure and free energy for the two enantiomers and enabling chiral discrimination. Here we present evidence for strong diastereomeric interaction effects at the mesoscale, manifested in chiral liquid crystal guest materials confined in a chiral, nanoporous network of semi-crystalline helical nanofilaments. The nanoporous host is itself an assembly of achiral, bent-core liquid crystal molecules that phase-separate into a conglomerate of 100 micron-scale, helical nanofilament domains that differ in structure only in the handedness of their homogeneous chirality. With the inclusion of a homochiral guest liquid crystal, these enantiomeric domains become diastereomeric, exhibiting unexpected and markedly different mesoscale structures and orientation transitions producing optical effects in which chirality has a dominant role. Helical nanofilaments—composed of achiral, bent core molecules—have been shown to assemble into left- and right-handed structures. Here, the authors show diastereomeric interactions on the mesocale between chiral liquid crystal guest compounds and helical nanofilament-based pores.
Skidmore Clips of Neutral and Expressive Scenarios (SCENES): Novel dynamic stimuli for social cognition research

Social cognition research has relied primarily on photographic emotional stimuli. Such stimuli likely have limited ecological validity in terms of representing real world social interactions. The current study presents evidence for the validity of a new stimuli set of dynamic social SCENES (Skidmore Clips of Emotional and Neutral Expressive Scenarios). To develop these stimuli, ten undergraduate theater students were recruited to portray members of an audience. This audience was configured to display (seven) varying configurations of social feedback, ranging from unequivocally approving to unequivocally disapproving (including three different versions of balanced/neutral scenes). Validity data were obtained from 383 adult participants recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Each participant viewed three randomly assigned scenes and provided a rating of the perceived criticalness of each scene. Results indicate that the SCENES reflect the intended range of emotionality, and pairwise comparisons suggest that the SCENES capture distinct levels of critical feedback. Overall, the SCENES stimuli set represents a publicly available (www.scenesstimuli.com) resource for researchers interested in measuring social cognition in the presence of dynamic and naturalistic social stimuli.
Timing in Motor Development as Emergent Process and Product

Abstract A dynamical systems approach to motor behavior and motor development proposes that timing emerges from the autonomous dynamics of the body and the constraints of the task and the environment. In particular, the limbs of newborn and young infants act much like mass-springs and produce well-coordinated and often oscillatory movements. During development, these intrinsic properties must be adapted to task and intention. The process of acquiring skill may involve the multimodal exploration of generated movements and their perceptual concomitants. One mechanism that makes this possible is co-contraction of muscles, which gets the organism into the approximately correct space for discovering stable movement solutions. I illustrate this developmental sequence using spontaneous and elicited leg movements in infants. The developmental evidence suggests that timing is discovered perceptually rather than imposed by structural clocks.
Woman and Country in the Works of Carmen Guerrero Nakpil: One Woman's Perspective of United States/Philippine Relations

(1991). Woman and Country in the Works of Carmen Guerrero Nakpil: One Woman's Perspective of United States/Philippine Relations. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 123-128.
Postnatal maturation of rabbit renal collecting duct. III. Peanut lectin-binding intercalated cells.

Measurements of transepithelial HCO3 transport in the rabbit cortical collecting duct (CCD) indicate that net HCO3 secretion becomes apparent only after the first month of life [F. M. Mehrgut, L. M...
Aero-Servo-Elastic Control of a Cyber-Physical FlexibleWing

Aero-servo-elastic capabilities on a NACA0018 cyber-physical, flexible wing are experimentally shown. A cyber-physical system (CPS) is used to emulate a set of structural dynamics by the use of dynamic feedback control. The cyber-physical wing has shown to be an instrumental tool to seamlessly investigate a range of structural parameters in order to interrogate unique aeroelastic phenomenon. The research in this paper experimentally showed the ability to control or suppress limit cycle oscillations given by the aeroelastic instability known as stall flutter. Typical control techniques to controlling flutter utilize control surfaces which have limited bandwidth and large power requirements, while this active flow control technique which leverages fluidic momentum addition through a small slot on the wing surface to completely alleviate undesirable aeroelastic instabilities/effects.
Granuloma Faciale and Erythema Elevatum Diutinum in Relation to Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease: An Appraisal of 32 Cases

Objectives: To elucidate whether granuloma faciale (GF) and erythema elevatum diutinum (EED), two inflammatory skin dermatoses, meet the consensus histopathologic diagnostic criteria for immunoglobulin G4–related disease (IgG4-RD). Methods: With institutional review board approval, we assessed the clinical, microscopic, and immunophenotypic features of skin specimens of patients with GF and EED. We compared these findings with previously published consensus diagnostic criteria for IgG4-RD. Results: Thirty-two patients (GF, n = 25; EED, n = 7) met study inclusion criteria. Histopathologic findings of small-vessel vasculitis, dermal fibrosis, and plasma cell infiltrates were uniformly present, and eosinophilic inflammation was frequent. No specimen met diagnostic criteria for IgG4-RD. Conclusions: Our results indicate that despite some histopathologic similarities between GF/EED and IgG4-RD, the cases did not meet the consensus immunohistochemical diagnostic criteria for IgG4-RD.
Field and Laboratory Investigations with Entomophthora fresenii, a Pathogen of Tetranychus Spp.

A pathogenic fungus, Entomophthora fresenii Nowakowski, was found attacking the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, and the carmine spider mite, T. telarius (L.), at several locations in Alabama. The following structures of the fungus were observed: hyphal bodies which are the vegetative phase that proliferates in the hemocoel of the mite; conidia which are forcibly ejected from the body of the dead mite; secondary spores which are formed by germination of the conidia; tertiary spores; quaternary spores. The secondary spores appear to be the infective units of the fungus. Parasitism of spider mites by the fungus in the field varied with the location and collection date and ranged from an average of 30.9% in collections from Lee County (Loachapoka) to 86.4% in those from Cullman County (Cullman). Up to 88% of the live mites collected from fields where epizootics of the fungus were observed succumbed to mycosis within 2 days after collection. It appears that this fungus may play a role in the regulation of populations of some species of spider mites on cotton.
THE DISPLAY AND BROWSE OF XML FILE

Nowadays in the application of network, thanks to its many advantages including good stucture, consecution and standardization, XML is recommended as the new WWW language. In this article, the main idea about the display of XML is discussed. We also expound the use of XSL and CSS through some examples. The differences and similarities between the two style sheets are analysised. In addtion, the condition of the surpport given by the main browsers are introduced, and we give our opinions about the future of the use of XML.