cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identity Performance in Roleplaying Games

Abstract This article argues that roleplaying games have the potential to challenge, encourage, and subsume the privilege of the stereotypical gamer, one who is white, male, and heterosexual. Though roleplaying games as they are currently designed are neither ideal nor perfect, the article contends they embrace feminist programming strategies and offer those who do not want to play a straight male avatar the opportunity to develop and explore identities through characters in ways that other genres do not. Roleplaying games extend the privilege of representation to other gaming demographics, giving players the opportunity to “play who they are” in the digital world, whether they are able to, or even desire to, explore this identity offline. Without the diversity of representation found in roleplaying games, players would be unable to participate in the potentially fruitful criticism of stereotypes and the ability to interact with players and characters different from themselves.
DL‐Aspartic Acid

dl-Aspartic acid reactant: 735 g. (6.0 moles) of ethyl chloroacetate intermediate: triethyl α-phthalimidoethane-α,α,β-tricarboxylate byproduct: phthalic acid product: dl-aspartic acid reactant: 490 to 536 g. of ethyl chloroacetate byproduct: glycine Keywords: alkylation, C-alkylation
Moral development and accounting education

Abstract A test of moral maturity was administered to two samples of Certified Public Accountants. In both instances the mean results were significantly lower than means published in the psychology literature for others with comparable education levels. This article reviews the basic tenants of the cognitive-developmental school of psychology and raises questions about the implications of the author's research findings on modern accounting education.
Effect of Intracameral Carbachol on Intraocular Pressure After Cataract Extraction

Thirty-two patients were randomly assigned to a treatment or a control group to determine the dose-response and duration of action of intracameral carbachol on immediate postoperative intraocular pressure after extracapsular cataract extraction using a viscoelastic substance. Patients in the treatment group received 0.5, 0.25, or 0.1 ml of 0.01% intracameral carbachol. Patients in the control group received 0.1 or 0.5 ml of balanced salt solution. Intraocular pressures of all patients were measured preoperatively and at three, six, 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively. The control group as a whole showed a 9.5-mm Hg intraocular pressure rise at three hours, a 10.0-mm Hg rise at six hours, a 9.0-mm Hg rise at 12 hours, and a 7.2-mm Hg rise at 24 hours postoperatively. The group treated with 0.5 ml of carbachol maintained stable intraocular pressures through the 48-hour measurement period. The groups treated with 0.25 and 0.1 ml of carbachol maintained stable intraocular pressures through 24 hours postoperatively. The differences in intraocular pressure were statistically significant for all treated groups through the 24-hour measurement.
Patch and Flap Techniques to Repair Right Renal Vein Defects Caused by Cadaver Liver Retrieval for Transplantation

AbstractWe describe 2 techniques that allow right renal vein extension and prevent renal vein stenosis if the cephalic portion of the renal vein has been amputated when the liver is separated from the kidneys during multiple organ retrieval. These techniques were successfully used in 8 cadaver kidney transplant recipients.
A model for a motor unit train recorded during constant force isometric contractions

A model for the motor-unit action-potential train is developed, based on previously obtained empirical information. The auto and cross-correlation functions are calculated. The autocorrelation function is used to derive the mean rectified value, the variance and the root-mean-squared value of a motor-unit action-potential train. These parameters are solved by using two approximations for the motor-unit action-potential; a piece-wise approximation and a Dirac Delta function approximation. The Dirac Delta function approximation sufficiently simplifies the mathematics so that the model can be extended to myoelectric signals. The cross-correlation function contains information about the synchronization of motorunit action-potential trains that may be useful as an objective indicator of muscle fatigue.
Counterbalanced Swivel Fork

The counterbalanced swivel fork aids persons who have limited upper extremity function and who have been unable to feed themselves with other available feeding equipment to enjoy some independence in eating. This device proved effective for a high-level quadriplegic. Any person who can operate a mobile arm support can use this fork effectively.
Battery-Aware Multimedia Coding Optimization by Dynamic Frequency Scaling

Nowadays, multimedia application and video streaming have gained a great popularity because of the boasting development on mobile hardware, and battery driven devices have emerged with a tremendous speed. Due to the important issue of battery efficiency on mobile devices, many optimization algorithms have being proposed toward various of battery powered platforms and scenarios. Most of the provided solutions choose to aim at the minimization of energy usage under a given task scheduling by adjusting parameters reside in the processes of different schemes. However, the battery discharging characteristics and its instant output pattern are still ignored if the optimization is done only from high level adjustment. In this paper, we propose a battery-aware optimization framework toward the H.264 video coding by applying dynamic frequency scaling on hardware platform. The CPU frequency can be dynamically adjusted according to the instant status of battery in order to maximize the number of the coding frame. Experimental results indicate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed optimization framework.
Visual Complexity in Banner Ads: The Role of Color, Photography, and Animation

Two studies investigate visual complexity in banner ads and support predictions based on the resource-matching perspective, which suggests that processing is optimized when the resources required to process a stimulus match the resources available. A content analysis of actual banner ads indicates that Internet advertising tends to rely on a moderate degree of visual complexity. This implies that advertisers' experience may be intuitively encouraging them to combine visual elements, such as color, line art, photography, animated text, and animated visuals for moderate complexity, which should improve message processing. A follow-up experiment verifies that, when processing resources are constrained, memory is better for images with moderate visual complexity than for simpler or more complex images.
The Neuro-Critical Care Management of the Endovascular Stroke Patient

Acute ischemic stroke carries high morbidity and mortality. The advent of intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular reperfusion techniques have helped improve clinical outcomes for patients with large vessel acute ischemic stroke. The care of the post-endovascular stroke patient is complex and encompasses almost all aspects of medicine. Hemodynamics should be optimized post procedure to ensure adequate cerebral perfusion and strict hemodynamic parameters must be adhered to minimize reperfusion injury. Though no studies have specifically examined hemodynamic goals, our practice is to maintain a mean arterial pressure (MAP) > 70 and systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 140 for patients following successful recanalization. Early anti-thrombotic therapy is indicated in patients with stent placement. It remains less clear which patients may benefit from additional anticoagulation or therapy with IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Careful consideration must be paid to volume status to reduce risk of contrast nephropathy and maximize cerebral perfusion. Oral care and attention to dysphagia are key in preventing aspiration pneumonia. Glycemic control should be optimized to avoid excessive hyper and hypoglycemia. In the absence of data to guide treatment of anemia, our practice is to transfuse asymptomatic anemia when Hgb < 7 mg/dL, or if the patient is symptomatic or hemodynamically unstable. Neuro-protective strategies should be considered in the context of clinical trials until further studies are complete. At a minimum, fever should be treated aggressively. Young patients with good pre-morbid functional status who continue to have large volume infarcts may benefit from decompressive hemicraniectomy. When appropriate, aggressive and early mobilization is recommended to prepare patients for acute rehabilitation. Because randomized prospective data is lacking, patients should be encouraged to enroll in clinical trials to optimize care of this growing patient population.
Application of extended Ziman theory to the temperature dependence of the resistivity of amorphous ferromagnetic FeB

Abstract The experimental temperature dependence of the resistivity of amorphous FeB samples in the range 20 K ⪅ T ⪅ 300 K is found to agree with that predicted by extended Ziman theory (with no spin-dependent terms) if the Debye temperature is ≈ 370 K.
The Impact of Lifestyle Risk Factors on Female Infertility

ABSTRACT Background: Over 2 million couples in the United States are infertile. The literature reflects a number of potential lifestyle risks that have been associated with the development of this condition; however, few studies have investigated these risks concurrently. With knowledge of the importance of behavioral threats to fertility, women's health care providers will be in a better position to screen and assist women to modify their fertility risks. Objectives: The objectives of this study were (1) to identify lifestyle factors associated with infertility in women by comparing a sample of infertile women with a group of fertile women and (2) to offer recommendations to women's health providers, on counseling women at risk for infertility. Methods: A re-examination of the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) allowed for the investigation of lifestyle factors associated with infertility in women. Using a conceptual model of health behavior to guide the selection of variables, together with mu...
Changes in European and Australian companies when they choose a `Big 5' auditor?

Abstract Empirical profiling of 193 companies in six countries that choose to change auditors to a `Big 5' firm permits managers who are responsible for such decisions to benchmark their financial context. In particular, the level of debt, returns, and taxes observed when companies choose to change auditors to a Big 5 firm are quantified, as are the significant changes observed in size, dividends, and the operating income-to-total capital ratio. Of particular interest are reasonably consistent declines in 5-year average effective interest incurred post-change.
The geriatrics and genetics behind bladder cancer.

Bladder cancer is a disease of older patients who often have multiple comorbidities. Although cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy is the standard of care in the neoadjuvant and metastatic sett...
Gods, Animals, and Artists: Some Problem Cases in Herder's Philosophy of Language

Herder already very early in his career, in the 1760s, established two vitally important and epoch-making principles in the philosophy of language: that thought is essentially dependent on and bounded by language; and that meanings or concepts should be identified - not with such items as the referents involved, Platonic forms, or empiricist 'ideas' - but with word-usages. What did Herder do for an encore? His Treatise on the Origin of Language from 1772 might seem the natural place to look for an answer to this question (since it is his best known work in the philosophy of language by far), but it is really the wrong place to look, because it temporarily regresses to a more conventional and less philosophically interesting position. However, Herder did succeed in making impressive progress in a broader array of works, namely by striving to identify prima facie problem cases confronting his two principles and to reconcile them with the latter. The main ones which he identified were God, animals, and non-l...
Characterization of CuO phase in SnO 2 –CuO prepared by the modified Pechini method

The modified Pechini method has been applied to the preparation of nano-structured SnO2 and SnO2:CuO. The sample characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and nitrogen adsorption isotherms (BET). The CuO phase in SnO2:CuO samples was successfully characterized by XRD, XPS and IR. The highest degree of crystallinity and subsequently the maximum intensity and area of CuO (002) diffraction peaks were observed for the samples prepared with templates. The morphology and microstructure of the hybrid were studied using SEM. The core level binding energies of Cu 2p, Sn 3d, and O 1s were measured in these samples. The appearance of a satellite peak in the Cu 2p spectra provided definitive evidence for the presence of Cu2+ ions in these samples. The influence of synthesis conditions such as solvent, precursor type, calcinations temperature and time on the detectability of CuO and the morphology and microstructure of the hybrid were also studied. The calcinations conditions had a significant effect on the appearance and intensity of CuO diffraction peaks.
Functional Elements in Molecular Chaperone α-Crystallin: Identification of Binding Sites in αB-Crystallin

Abstract α-Crystallin, the predominant eye lens protein with sequence homology to small heat shock proteins, acts like a molecular chaperone by suppressing the aggregation of damaged crystallins and proteins. To gain an insight into the amino acid sequences in α-crystallin involved in chaperone-like function, we used a cleavable, fluorescent, photoactive, crosslinking agent, sulfosuccinimidyl-2(7-azido-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetamido)-ethyl-1,3′ dithiopropionate (SAED), to derivatize yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and allowed it to complex with bovine α-crystallin at 48°C. The complex was photolyzed and reduced with DTT and the subunits of α-crystallin, αA- and αB-, were separated. Fluorescence analysis showed that both αA- and αB-crystallins interacted with ADH during chaperone-like function. Tryptic digestion, amino acid sequencing, and mass spectral analysis of αB-crystallin revealed that APSWIDTGLSEMR (57-69) and VLGDVIEVHGKHEER (93-107) sequences were involved in binding with ADH.
Bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens for menopausal symptom treatment and osteoporosis prevention

ABSTRACTPostmenopausal women with vasomotor and vaginal symptoms are commonly treated with estrogens or combined estrogen/progestin therapy (hormone therapy). However, hormone therapy is associated with some safety and tolerability concerns and its benefit/risk profile may vary for women based on their time since menopause. The tissue selective estrogen complex (TSEC) pairs a selective estrogen receptor modulator with one or more estrogens, with the goal of relieving menopausal symptoms and preserving bone mineral density without stimulating the breast or endometrium. Bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens (BZA/CE) is the first TSEC in clinical development. BZA 20 mg/CE 0.45 and 0.625 mg have been shown in phase-3 clinical trials to significantly improve hot flushes and vulvar/vaginal atrophy measures in symptomatic postmenopausal women and to prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women at risk for osteoporosis while ensuring endometrial safety. These doses of BZA/CE have also demonstrated significant improvemen...
Bead-Based Optical Immunoassay Using Quantum-Dot Labeling and Immunocomplex Dissociation for Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7

An immunoassay for Escherichia coli O157:H7 using quantum-dot (QD) labeling and subsequent release of the QD labels from immunocomplexes has been developed. The assay principle is that anti-E. coli O157:H7 conjugated immunomagnetic beads are used to capture E. coli O157:H7; this is followed by the binding of QD labeled antibodies to form sandwich immunocomplexes (Bead-Cell-QD); a dissociation buffer then elutes QDs from immunocomplexes by denaturing antibody or lysing cell; the fluorescence signal of the eluted QDs is measured to quantify E. coli O157:H7. This proposed approach avoids the interference of bead autofluorescence in signal transduction and, thus, enhances the detection resolution, while keeping the fast magnetic separation and sandwich binding of two selective antibodies for high specificity.
Rat Arterial Wall Retains Myointimal Hyperplastic Potential Long After Arterial Injury

Background Many novel molecular and pharmacological modalities have been proposed for the treatment of accelerated vascular diseases. Yet the fundamental question remains of whether the vessel wall can be treated once only or whether single-dose therapy simply delays the inevitable processes that lead to intimal hyperplasia. Since platelet adhesion and aggregation are critical events in vascular healing, we sought to determine whether the injured blood vessel would retain its myointimal potential after reversal of even prolonged periods of thrombocytopenia. Methods and Results A novel nonimmune method sustained thrombocytopenia and suppressed postinjury neointimal hyperplasia by 88%. Infusion of fresh platelets, even 14 days after initial denuding injury, restored the full neointimal hyperplastic potential. Platelet depletion presumably removed factors chemotactic for vascular smooth muscle cells but had no effect on the overexpression of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β) subunit aft...
CORR Insights ®: Are copy number variants associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?

A dolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a genetically heterogeneous complex condition that affects approximately 3% of the population. Although genome-wide association studies have pointed us towards candidate loci for genetic causes of this condition, it is evident that these loci do not constitute the majority of AIS heritability. Since copy number variation has been associated with the presence of birth defects, neuropsychiatric disabilities, congenital heart disease, and skeletal disorders such as clubfoot, Buchan et al. theorized that rare copy number variants contribute to the pathogenesis of scoliosis. In their study, Buchan et al. identified clinically significant copy number variation with a size of 125kb or greater having at least 50 markers using the Affymetrix Genome wide SNP array 6.0 in nine of 143 (6.3%) patients with AIS. These included proximal duplications of 1q21.1 (Thrombocytopenia Absent Radius syndrome region); 2q13, 15q11.2, and 16p11.2 deletions. Trisomy X was identified in two of 114 (1.8%) females with AIS. The 1q21.1 variant appeared to have reduced penetrance. These rare and novel copy number variations were observed with a greater frequency in the AIS population compared to a control population derived from 1079 individuals of European-American ancestry, which included individuals with bipolar disorder and idiopathic clubfoot. It is noteworthy that three of the observed copy number variations are associated with bone phenotypes including 1q21.1 (radial abnormalities), 15q11.2 duplications (hemivertebrae), and Trisomy X (scoliosis).
Steady-state dynamics of a bistable energy harvester with linear appendage oscillator

Recent interest in bistable devices for vibration energy harvesting has given evidence of their beneficial performance in realistic stochastic or low frequency excitation environments since the snap through effect (high displacement switching from one stable state to another) is a non-resonant dynamic. It has yet to be rigorously determined how adding additional degrees-of-freedom may influence bistable energy harvesting response since the nonlinearities do not allow for a direct analogy from multi-body linear examples. We analytically and experimentally assess the potential for improving energy harvesting dynamics by adding a conventional linear oscillator to a bistable energy harvester. The traditional coupling parameters of mass ratio and tuning ratio are evaluated as means to tune the harvester's response. Advantageous design regimes are classified and explanations for the rich dynamics are provided. Experiments confirm the benefit of appending a linear oscillator to the bistable system as a simple means by which to enhance harvesting performance.
Management of increased intracranial pressure.

After brain injury, neurologic intensive care focuses on the detection and treatment of secondary brain insults that may compound the initial injury. Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) contributes to secondary brain injury by causing brain ischemia, hypoxia, and metabolic dysfunction. Because ICP is easily measured at the bedside, it is the target of numerous pharmacologic and surgical interventions in efforts to improve brain physiology and limit secondary injury. However, ICP may not adequately reflect the metabolic health of the underlying brain tissue, particularly in cases of focal brain injury. As a result, ICP control alone may be insufficient to impact patients’ long-term recovery. Further studies are needed to better understand the combination of cerebral, hemodynamic, and metabolic markers that are best utilized to ensure optimal brain and systemic recovery and overall patient outcome after brain injury.
Group dynamics and resource availability of a long-term volunteer water-monitoring program.

Alabama Water Watch is a statewide, citizen volunteer water quality monitoring program with participation of 235 groups over a 14-year period (1993–2006). A variety of social and geographical resources strongly influenced the distribution, characteristics, and longevity of groups. Group location and sampling effort in each of 67 counties had significant correlation with population, income, and education. Water-monitoring groups were concentrated in the northeast quadrant of the state (where 60% of lake acreage occurs) and in the coastal southwest region, with virtually no groups in areas of persistent poverty. Though it has been demonstrated that volunteer water-monitoring programs can collect scientifically valid data that make significant contributions to natural resource management, such programs favor well-organized and educated groups with discretionary time and wealth. Different approaches are needed to make inroads into resource-limited areas, such as alternative environmental awareness programs, a...
Diagnostic and prognostic value of bone marrow angiogenesis and megakaryocyte c-Mpl expression in essential thrombocythemia

The lack of diagnostic certainty in some patients makes it difficult to distinguish between primary and secondary forms of thrombocytosis. To augment current diagnostic studies for thrombocytosis, we retrospectively evaluated clinical records and bone marrow trephine specimens of 183 patients with thrombocytosis—164 with essential thrombocythemia (ET), 19 with reactive thrombocytosis (RT)—for bone marrow angiogenesis, bone marrow megakaryocyte c-Mpl staining, and morphologic evidence of megakaryocyte proliferation. Angiogenesis was increased in patients with ET compared with healthy controls (P
Metal-contact-induced crystallization of semiconductors

Abstract The crystallization of amorphous semiconductors in amorphous Si (a-Si)/Al, a-Si/Ag, and amorphous Ge (a-Ge)/Ag layered thin films has been investigated by cross-section in situ transmission electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. In all cases, the amorphous semiconductors were found to crystallize at substantially lower temperatures than those without the metal contact. During the reaction, the metal phase always exists between the amorphous and crystalline semiconductor phases, migrating into the amorphous matrix, leaving the crystalline phase behind. This observation strongly indicates that the semiconductor atoms diffuse through the metal grain from amorphous to crystalline phases, which was confirmed by in situ high resolution recordings. We suggest that this mechanism provides the fastest reaction path for the system to reduce its excess free energy, as the direct rearrangement of the amorphous tetrahedral networks cannot occur at such low temperatures.
Kinetics of molecular hydrogen dissociative adsorption on Si(111) studied by sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy and second harmonic generation

Sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy (SFVS) and optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) were used to monitor hydrogen adsorption on Si(111) by molecular-hydrogen dosing. A properly treated sample exhibited a single H-Si stretch-vibrational mode representing H adsorbed at the top sites. A fully H-terminated Si(111) surface could be obtained by ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ dosing at sufficiently high temperatures. The observed adsorption kinetics was qualitatively the same as that reported by H\"ofer and co-workers, including a nearly equal adsorption-energy barrier. However, our results indicate that the initial adsorption on a nearly bare surface obeys the simple Langmuir model. And with subsequent adsorption to higher coverage range, the adsorption gradually becomes cooperative type with the sticking coefficient increasing with H coverage at sufficient high temperature. Evidences of SFVS spectroscopy revealed that it is related to the Si(111) surface-structure change during ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ adsorption, which appeared to undergo a structural change from $(7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7)$ to $(1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)$ with increasing temperature or coverage. A simple model was used to qualitatively explain our observation.
SUICIDE IN CHILDREN IN ENGLAND AND WALES

Reported suicide rates for children aged 10-14 yrs in England and Wales remain at low levels. There has been a decrease in rate for males in this age group between the 1940's and the 1980's and an increase for females, so that both sexes now have similar suicide rates. The increase in suicide by poisoning with solids and liquids (including "overdosing") which occurred up until the 1970's has not continued into the 1980's. Language: en
Service-based Internet Infrastructure for the Qatar World Cup 2022

The shortcomings of today's Internet and the high demand for complex and sophisticated applications and services drive a very interesting and novel research area called Future Internet. The area of Future Internet research focuses on developing a new network with similar magnitude as today's Internet but with more demanding and complex design goals and specifications. It strives to solve the issues identified in today's Internet by capitalizing on the advantages of emerging new technologies in the area of computer networking such as Software Defined Networking (SDN), autonomic computing, and cloud computing. SDN represents an extraordinary opportunity to rethink computer networks, enabling the design and deployment of a future Internet. Utilizing these technologies leads to a significant progress in the development of an enhanced, secure, reliable, and scalable Internet. In 2022, Qatar will host the world cup where more than 5 Million people from all over the world are expected to attend. This event is ex...
THE DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF AN OCCUPATIONAL INVENTORY

An occupational inventory was developed by the Pennsylvania Department of Education for consideration as part of the state assessment project. This instrument measures 7tb grade student knowledge of the world of work. The summary phase of field testing involving 255 students revealed a reliability of .828 and a standard error of measurement of 2.60.
The low subthreshold swing possibility with asymmetries in double-gate SOI MOSFET

Both structural and bias asymmetries in double-gate (DG) SOI MOSFET have been critically examined for the sub-60 mV/dec subthreshold swing (SS) possibility. Physical mechanisms are illustrated to explain the inability of all the analyzed structural asymmetries and the feasibility with the bias asymmetries.
Identification and Partial Characterization of an L-Tyrosine Aminotransferase (TAT) from Arabidopsis thaliana

The aminotransferase gene family in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana consists of 44 genes. Twenty six of these enzymes are classified as characterized meaning that the reaction(s) that the enzyme catalyzes are documented using experimental means. The remaining 18 enzymes are uncharacterized and are therefore deemed putative. Our laboratory is interested in elucidating the function(s) of the remaining putative aminotransferase enzymes. To this end, we have identified and partially characterized an aminotransferase (TAT) enzyme from Arabidopsis annotated by the locus tag At5g36160. The full-length cDNA was cloned and the purified recombinant enzyme was characterized using in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro analysis showed that the enzyme is capable of interconverting L-Tyrosine and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, and L-Phenylalanine and phenylpyruvate. In vivo analysis by functional complementation showed that the gene was able to complement an E. coli with a background of aminotransferase mutations that confers auxotrophy for L-Tyrosine and L-Phenylalanine.
Lunar Polarization Studies at 3.1 mm Wavelength

Observations of the distribution of linearly polarized lunar thermal emission were made at a wavelength of 3.1 mm with The University of Texas 4.88 m parabolic reflector (0.042° HPBW). A shadow corrected, rough surface, thermal emission model for a homogeneous Moon was leastsquares-fitted to the polarization data. Results indicate an effective lunar dielectric constant of 1.34 ±0.04 with surface roughness characterized by a standard deviation of 17° ± 5° for surface slopes with a normal probability density, independent of lunar phase. A comparison of these results with published values at other wavelengths suggests that the effective lunar dielectric constant, as obtained by lunar emission measurements, decreases with decreasing wavelength of observation. This wavelength dependence may be interpreted in terms of an inhomogeneous surface and/or a surface that possesses intermediate scale surface roughness.
Turbulent Prandtl number and space-time temperature correlation measurements in an incompressible turbulent boundary layer

Hot-wire anemometry measurements in an incompressible turbulent boundary layer flow over a heated flat plate at zero pressure gradient were made using an xprobe and temperature fluctuation probe. The measurements were made for three different temperature difference cases between the wall and the freestream: 10 C, 15 C, and 20 C. Simultaneous measurements of the two components of the velocity and the temperature were made at the same point using an x-probe and a temperature fluctuation probe. The experiments resulted in direct measurement of the turbulent Prandtl number as a function of height through the boundary layer for the three. temperature difference cases. AISO, space-time correlations of temperature fluctuations T' were obtained with a pair of temperature fluctuation probes. The mean convection velocities of the T' large-scale structure are presented for the three temperature difference cases. The mean convection velocity of the T' structure is a function of position y+ and was found to be independent of the temperature difference for the cases considered. The convection velocity varied from 0.6%at the smallest measured value of yc=75 to about 0.77~at y+=425, the largest measured value of y+. The mean convection velocity of the T' structure follows the mean convection velocity of the u' sbucture and not the v' structure. 'V
Nutritional supplement chromium picolinate generates chromosomal aberrations and impedes progeny development in Drosophila melanogaster

Chromium picolinate, [Cr(pic)(3)], is a popular nutritional supplement found in a variety of consumer products. Despite its popularity, safety concerns over its use have arisen. The supplement has been shown to generate clastogenic damage, mitochondrial damage, oxidative damage, and mutagenic effects in cultured cells and oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in rats. Recently [Cr(pic)(3)] has been demonstrated to generate heritable genetic change and delays in progeny development in Drosophila melanogaster. Based on the damage to chromosomes of cultured cells and of animal models, similar chromosome damage appeared to be a likely source of the mutagenic effects of the supplement in Drosophila. The current three-part study examines the effects of several chromium-containing supplements and their components on hatching and eclosion rates and success of development of first generation progeny of adult Drosophila fed food containing these compounds. It further examines the effects of the compounds on longevity of virgin male and female adults. Finally, the chromosomes in the salivary glands of Drosophila late in the third instar larval stage, which were the progeny of Drosophila whose diets were supplemented with nutritional levels of [Cr(pic)(3)], are shown to contain on average over one chromosomal aberration per two identifiable chromosomal arms. No aberrations were observed in chromosomes of progeny of untreated flies. The results suggest that human consumption of the supplement should be a matter of concern and continued investigation to provide insight into the requirements of chromium-containing supplements to give rise to genotoxic effects.
Preliminary design of Technical Integration Line (TIL) for the SG-III laser facility

In this paper, we present the preliminary design of Technical Integration Line (TIL). TIL is a full scale 4 X 2 module of Shenguang-III (SG-III). laser facility with a two-aperture output of 3.0kJ at 3 (omega) in a temporally shaped pulse of 1.0-3.0 ns. The goal of TIl is to demonstrate the laser technology of the proposed SG-III. TIL consists of front-end, pre-amplifier stage, main amplifier stage, diagnostic target systems and control system and the average fluency is designed to operate at 5.0J/cm2 in a 1.0 ns output pulse. The optical scheme of a four-pass main amplifier and a booster amplifier have been chosen. The clear aperture of amplifier is 30 X 30cm2, and the numbers of Nd:glass disks in the two amplifiers are optimized in system design. Two spatial filters are inserted in the system to remove high spatial frequencies from the beam, and SF1 is the multi-pass spatial filter and SF2 is the transport spatial filter. In order to correct the output wavefront for static and dynamic wavefront aberrations of disk amplifiers, a deformable mirror system is used in the main amplifier stage of TIL.
In Vivo ESR Spin Trapping Evidence for Hydroxyl Radical-Mediated Toxicity of Paraquat and Copper in Rats

The electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping technique was employed to study the role of Cu(II) in the generation of hydroxyl radical during paraquat (PQ2+) intoxication in rats. A secondary radical trapping technique was used for the detection of hydroxyl radical generated in vivo during copper-mediated PQ2+ toxicity. According to this technique (Burkitt and Mason, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 8440-8444, 1991), the hydroxyl radical generated reacts with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in vivo to form the methyl radical, which is then spin trapped by phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN). The relatively stable methyl radical adduct of PBN was detected in the bile of rats 2 hr after treatment with simultaneous doses of CuSO4, PQ2+, PBN, and DMSO, whereas no radical adducts were detected in the absence of administered PQ2+. Bile samples were collected into Cu(I)- and Fe(II)-stabilizing agents in order to prevent the occurrence of radical adducts generated ex vivo in bile during its collection. The analysis of radical adducts excreted via the biliary route provide strong ESR evidence for the generation of the hydroxyl radical as a result of the known futile enzymatic redox cycling of PQ2+, with copper playing an essential mediatory role. No radical adducts were detected when either CuSO4 or PQ2+ was excluded. From a different perspective, in vivo copper-dependent hydroxyl radical generation could be said to be promoted by PQ2+. This is the first report of ESR evidence for this synergetic hydroxyl radical generation by copper and PQ2+ in a whole animal.
Absorption of NaCl, KCl and KI in the Far Ultraviolet

With a normal incidence concave grating vacuum spectrograph with a hot spark for a light source and oiled photographic films, qualitative absorption curves for NaCl, KCl, and KI between 190A and 1550A have been obtained. The absorbing film of the alkali halide was distilled directly onto the ruled surface of the grating. The positions of maximum absorption as read from the three curves presented are: for NaCl, 655A, 535A, 350A, and 890A; for KCl, 705A, 530A, 320A, and 1120A; for KI, 825A, 625A, and 510A, all accurate to 6 percent. These results are at variance with early theoretical extrapolations from the known form of the dispersion curves for rocksalt and silvite in the near infrared.
Adverse Drug Reactions Among Children Over a 10-Year Period

OBJECTIVES. This study was designed to evaluate (1) the incidence and common types of adverse drug reactions among hospitalized children, (2) the frequency of adverse drug reaction reporting by health care providers, and (3) the follow-up processes resulting from adverse drug reactions. METHODS. A retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients who experienced an adverse drug reaction between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2004, was conducted at a community-based, tertiary care, children9s teaching hospital. RESULTS. A total of 1087 adverse drug reactions were reported; the overall incidence was 1.6%. The severity of most adverse drug reactions was low (levels 1–3: 89%; high levels 4–6: 11%). Adverse drug reactions with low severity were significantly more common in both the general pediatric unit and the NICU. Adverse reactions resulting from use of antibiotics (particularly penicillins, cephalosporins, and vancomycin) were usually mild. In contrast, adverse drug reactions rated high in severity were significantly more common among reactions that led to hospital admission or occurred during surgery and among certain drug classes, including anticonvulsants and antineoplastic agents. Adverse drug reactions were reported by pharmacists (89%), nurses (10%), and physicians ( CONCLUSION. Measures to improve detection and reporting of adverse drug reactions by all health care professionals should be undertaken, to enhance our understanding of the nature and impact of these reactions in children.
Pion excess, nuclear correlations, and the interpretation of ( p → , n → ) spin transfer experiments

Conventional theories of nuclear interactions predict a net increase in the distribution of virtual pions in nuclei relative to free nucleons. Analysis of data from several nuclear experiments has led to claims of evidence against such a pion excess. These conclusions are usually based on a collective theory [random-phase approximation (RPA)] of the pions, which may be inadequate. The issue is the energy dependence of the nuclear response, which differs for theories with strong $\mathrm{NN}$ correlations from the RPA predictions. In the present paper, information about the energy dependence is extracted from sum rules, which are calculated for such a correlated, noncollective nuclear theory. The results lead to much reduced sensitivity of nuclear reactions to the correlations that are responsible for the pion excess. The primary example is $(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p},\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{n})$ spin transfer, for which the expected effects are found to be smaller than the experimental uncertainties. The analysis has consequences for deep inelastic scattering experiments as well.
Optimum macrobenthic sampling protocol for detecting pollution impacts in the Southern California Bight.

The optimum macrobenthic sampling protocol [sampling unit, sieve mesh size, and sample size (n)] was determined for detecting ecologically important pollution impacts in the Southern California Bight, U.S.A. Cost, in laboratory processing time, was determined for samples obtained using fourteen sampling units (0.005–0.1 m2 surface area) and two sieve mesh sizes (1.0 and 0.5 mm). Statistical power analyses for t-tests of means were performed to estimate the minimum sample size (nmin) needed to reliably (α=0.05, 1−β≧0.95) reject the null hypothesis of no difference between a reference and both a stimulated and a degraded station on twelve measures of community structure. The optimum sampling protocol for detecting impacts was determined as that with the lowest total cost ×nmin on most measures.
Andrew Marvell's “The Gallery”: Clora Comes Home

It is doubtful that Andrew Marvell ever owned a painting. For most of his adult life he lived in a London boarding house, hardly the spot to display a private collection of oils, while he earned th...
F-Class DLN Technology Advancements: DLN2.6+

GE’s DLN2.6 system opened the doors to single digit NOx emissions for F-Class industrial gas turbines. Today more than 500 DLN2.6 systems are installed worldwide. GE has recently advanced the technology of F-Class “Dry Low NOx ” (DLN). The new DLN2.6+ technology achieves low-NOx emissions for 9FA and 9FB turbines. Turndown in NOx and CO compliance for 9FB turbines to 32% load and 9FA turbines to 28% load has been demonstrated in the field. This paper will summarize the development history of DLN2.6 and 2.6+ combustion systems and the operating experience of the DLN2.6+. Field validation performance results of the systems will be shared as well as fuel-flexibility results with the DLN2.6+ system.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Polarized-proton scattering facility at the Oak Ridge isochronous cyclotron

Abstract In the facility described, polarized-proton beams are produced either as recoil protons from a hydrogen-gas target bombarded by α-particles or as elastically scattered protons from a solid 40Ca target. At a polarized-proton energy of 40 MeV, the polarization is 89±7% for the hydrogen polarizer and 35.5±3% for the 40Ca polarizer. A system of two quadrupole-doublet lenses transports the polarized proton beam about 18 ft and focuses the beam to a 1 4 ″ by 1″ spot at the center of a scattering chamber. Energy spectra of protons scattered from a secondary target are obtained at 32 angles simultaneously by using 32 NaI scintillation counters connected to the X-ADC of a Victoreen 20 000-channel multiparameter analyzer used as thirty-two 400-channel analyzers.
Bilateral Ovarian Krukenberg Tumor in a Full-Term Pregnancy

Objective. Krukenberg tumors in pregnancy are very rare and their management can present a dilemma for the obstetrician gynecologist. Case Report. We present the case of a G3P2002 who presented to us and the 38 weeks gestation with bilateral massive Krukenberg tumors. Despite at surgery and chemotherapy she died 3 months postpartum. Conclusion. Early detection followed by surgery and chemotherapy could possibly result in a favorable outcome with such patients.
Concerted Gating Mechanism Underlying KATP Channel Inhibition by ATP

KATP channels assemble from four regulatory SUR1 and four pore-forming Kir6.2 subunits. At the single-channel current level, ATP-dependent gating transitions between the active burst and the inactive interburst conformations underlie inhibition of the KATP channel by intracellular ATP. Previously, we identified a slow gating mutation, T171A in the Kir6.2 subunit, which dramatically reduces rates of burst to interburst transitions in Kir6.2ΔC26 channels without SUR1 in the absence of ATP. Here, we constructed all possible mutations at position 171 in Kir6.2ΔC26 channels without SUR1. Only four substitutions, 171A, 171F, 171H, and 171S, gave rise to functional channels, each increasing Ki,ATP for ATP inhibition by >55-fold and slowing gating to the interburst by >35-fold. Moreover, we investigated the role of individual Kir6.2 subunits in the gating by comparing burst to interburst transition rates of channels constructed from different combinations of slow 171A and fast T171 “wild-type” subunits. The relationship between gating transition rate and number of slow subunits is exponential, which excludes independent gating models where any one subunit is sufficient for inhibition gating. Rather, our results support mechanisms where four ATP sites independently can control a single gate formed by the concerted action of all four Kir6.2 subunit inner helices of the KATP channel.
Spectrophotometric estimation of gallium in the presence of aluminum

Abstract A procedure for the estimation of small quantities of gallium in the presence of aluminum based upon precipitation of the element from hydrochloric acid-acetone solution with 5.7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline and spectrophotometric examination of chloroform solutions of the product is described. The yellow chloroform solutions of the compound show absorption bands at 268.5, 331, 344 and 410 mμ. Intense absorption at 410 mμ is free from interferences by the reagent and follows BEER'S Law. Extraction of the compound into chloroform from buffered aqueous solutions is complete over only a narrow pH range and is not feasible in determining the element.
Nonlinear Absorption Properties in Novel Gold Nanostructured Topologies

The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of different gold metal nanoparticle geometries are reported. The results of nonlinear absorption measurements (as well as optical limiting effects) of both gold nanorods and nanospheres are provided. Gold dendrimer metal nanocomposites were synthesized by first using an amine terminated poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer and later a dansyl chromophore functionalized (PAMAM) dendrimer. The characterization of the nonlinear optical effects in both systems is provided. Another dendrimer morphology containing hydroxy terminated PAMAM G5 was also used as a template to stabilize the gold nanoparticles. These results show that the NLO properties of gold nanoparticles not only depend on the geometry of the metal nanoparticles, but also on the templates used to form the nanocomposites.
A Model of Aging for Gas-Filled Cellular Plastics

Modele qui permet de calculer la resitance thermique en fonction du temps et de la temperature en tenant compte des variations de phases (condensation et evaporation) a l'interieur des fluorocarbones et utilisant des coefficients de diffusion variables a travers la mousse
Anesthesia for children with Wolf‐Hirshhorn syndrome: a report and literature review

Wolf-Hirshhorn is a rare chromosomal defect syndrome. We present two cases of children diagnosed with Wolf-Hirshhorn syndrome, and discuss the ramifications of anesthesia for these patients.
Deliberate self-injury. A consumer-therapist co-run group. A choice or a necessity?

Aims — This aim of this paper is to discuss a consumer -therapist co-run pilot group on self-injury held at an American college. Deliberate self-injury has come to be a common phenomenon in schools and colleges. However the treatment and understanding of self-injury still remains a challenge. Most people who self-injure remain hidden in society and do not seek therapy, due to the shame-filled stereotypes and misconceptions that surround self-injury. Group therapy has been discussed as ineffective by many in the mental health field while individual treatment has been controversial for decades. Method — The paper will discuss how this group treatment was informed by consumer empowerment philosophy and how consumer and therapist facilitators worked together to turn it into a healing experience. Results — This group was indeed challenging but confirmed that consumer- run programs are able to function as a catalyst to facilitate healing. It confirmed that breaking away from traditional models that allocate all power and hope for change to professionals might not only be an important step but, in cases such as treatment of self-injury, a necessity. Declaration of Interest : none.