cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Power spectral analysis of inspiratory nerve activity in the decerebrate cat

Abstract To investigate the high frequency oscillations observed in the inspiratory activity of respiratory motor nerves of decerebrate cats, we applied a signal processing technique, power spectral analysis, to the electrical activity of the phrenic and recurrent laryngeal nerves. We found two peaks in the phrenic nerve power spectral densities, one at 88.1 ± 6.4 Hz (mean ± S.D.) and the other at 37.1 ± 9.7 Hz, and two peaks for the recurrent laryngeal nerve, at 87.4 ± 10.1 Hz and at 55.4 ± 5.1 Hz. We identified 3 factors affecting the peaks. Anesthetics reduced or eliminated the 88 Hz peak and produced new low frequency peaks in the phrenic and recurrent laryngeal nerves. Increasing end-tidal CO2 decreased the bandwidth of the 88 Hz peak and increased its amplitude relative to that of the low frequency peak. Decreasing body temperature from 38 to 30°C reduced the frequency of the 88 Hz peak by 5.0 Hz/°C. The power spectral density of the phrenic nerve activity differed from that of the recurrent laryngeal nerve activity because the single fibers in each nerve had different power spectral densities. About 70% of the fibers recorded in a nerve had power spectral densities similar to that of the whole nerve. A minority of the phrenic nerve fibers had the same low spectral peak as the recurrent laryngeal fibers had the same low spectral peak as the a minority of the recurrent laryngeal fibers had the same low spectral peak as the phrenic nerve. Bilateral removal of the dorsal respiratory group eliminated the high frequency peak in the power spectral density of the phrenic nerve and the peripheral reflexes, but rhythmic bursts of inspiratory activity remained. From these findings we hypothesized that there are two central respiratory pattern generators in the brain stem with parallel pathways to the respiratory motoneurons.
Effect of dietary trans-stilbene oxide on hepatic and renal drug-metabolizing enzyme activities and bromobenzene-induced toxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Abstract The effect of dietary trans-stilbene oxide (TSO) on hepatic and renal xenobiotic metabolizing-enzyme activities and bromobenzene-induced toxicity was quantified in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were fed a regular diet or the same diet supplemented with 2.5 g TSO kg diet for 10 days. TSO treatment did not alter hepatic or renal arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, but significantly increased glutathione S-transferase and uridine diphosphoglucuronyl transferase activities in both organs. In addition, TSO increased hepatic, but not renal, epoxide hydrolase activity. The same treatment did not produce adverse effects on renal or hepatic functions, but markedly potentiated bromobenzene hepatotoxicity. A single dose of bromobenzene (0.2 ml kg ) caused a slight increase in serum glutamic pyruvic tran- saminase (SGPT) activity and minor hepatic necrosis in animals fed the control diet; the same dose of bromobenzene markedly increased SGPT activity and produced severe hepatic necrosis in the TSO-fed animals
Hydrogeology and Water Resource Potential of Neogene Sediments in the Tualatin Basin and Comparison with the Neighboring Portland Basin, Northwest Oregon

Hydrogeologic properties of the Neogene Hillsboro Formation and Willamette Silt in the Tualatin basin are evaluated to provide a foundation for future groundwater use in the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area, and are then compared to hydrogeological conditions in the neighboring Portland basin. Catastrophic flood deposits of the Willamette Silt in the Tualatin Valley have low hydraulic conductivities and well yields below 7 gpm (26.5 lpm). Fluvial sand aquifers within the Hillsboro Formation compose only 20 percent of the 1,400-ft (450-m) thick unit and most contain a significant quantity of silt and clay, with hydraulic conductivities on the order of 2–30 ft/day (0.6–6 m/day). Water quality is good, yet low well yields (6–100 gpm; 23–380 lpm), a low hydraulic gradient within the basin, and geochemical data point to residence times of tens to hundreds of years and slow recharge to the system. A numerical simulation verifies slow groundwater velocities and the presence of local and regional flow regimes. Aquifers of the Hillsboro Formation are limited to domestic use, and model simulations of hypothetical well fields show that these aquifers would not support large-scale withdrawals. High-yield aquifers of the coarse-grained Troutdale Formation in the Portland basin contrast sharply with those of the Hillsboro Formation and Willamette Silt in that they can be separated into multiple hydrogeologic units, have high hydraulic conductivities, and can be used for municipal purposes. Such drastic differences in hydrogeologic characteristics within a metropolitan area require different strategies involving groundwater use or remediation.
Chemical mapping and electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube patterned arrays

Micron-scale conductive planar arrays were fabricated by assembly of carbon nanotube (CNT)/polydiallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (PDADMAC) thin films on interdigitated patterns using a layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition process from aqueous solution. The LbL hybrid film was assembled on a quaternized surface pattern of (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS), which was defined on a Si wafer substrate using microcontact printing or drop coating onto a patterned lithographic resist. Deposition of the CNT/polymer bilayers was shown to be limited to the quaternized APTMS regions as confirmed by Raman microspectroscopic mapping, optical and atomic force microscopy, and electrical probe measurements. Patterns of three, five, and eight bilayers had conductivities ranging from 57–264 S cm−1 for the hybrid structures, depending on number of bilayers and measurement technique, which agreed with other reported values for CNT/polymer thin film composites with high loadings of CNTs.
A 3D Biphasic Finite Element Model of the Human Knee Joint for the Study of Tibiofemoral Contact and Fluid Pressurization

Biphasic theory which considers soft tissue, such as articular cartilage and meniscus, as a combination of a solid and a fluid phase has been widely used to model their biomechanical behavior [1]. Though fluid flow plays an important role in the load-carrying ability of soft tissues, most finite element models of the knee joint consider cartilage and the meniscus as solid. This simplification is due to the fact that biphasic contact is complicated to model. Beside the continuity conditions for displacement and traction that a single-phase contact problem consists of, there are two additional continuity conditions in the biphasic contact problem for relative fluid flow and fluid pressure [2]. The problem becomes even more complex when a joint is being modeled. The knee joint, for example, has multiple contact pairs which make the biphasic finite element model of this joint far more complex. Several biphasic models of the knee have been developed [3–9], yet simplifications were included in these models: (1) the 3D geometry of the knee was represented by a 2D axisymmetric geometry [3, 5, 6, 9]; (2) no fluid flow was allowed between contact surfaces of the soft tissues [4, 8] which is inconsistent with the equation of mass conservation across the contact interface [10]; (3) zero fluid pressure boundary conditions were inaccurately applied around the contact area [7].Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Nonsurgical Treatment of Binocular Disruption in Adults

Diplopia is an often frustrating and debilitating symptom of acquired strabismus in adulthood. Various nonsurgical approaches to alleviate diplopia are available and readily employed by orthoptists...
Sea-blue-colored histiocytes associated with bone marrow granulomas.

![Figure][1] A 77-year-old man was admitted for evaluation of pancytopenia. His blood examination revealed hemoglobin 9.7 g/dL, platelet count 149 × 109/L, and white blood cell count 3.2 × 109/L with normal differential. Peripheral blood smear showed red blood cells with anisocytosis,
Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in Sierran forest O horizon leachate.

High in situ concentrations of inorganic N and P have been reported in overland/litter interflow from Sierran forests, indicating that these nutrients are derived from the forest floor O horizons. To test this hypothesis, forest floor monoliths consisting of the combined O e and O i horizons were collected near the South Shore of Lake Tahoe, Nevada, for leaching experiments. Three monoliths were left intact, and three were hand-separated according to horizon for a total of three treatments (combined O e +O i , O e only, and O i , only) by three replications. Samples were randomized and placed into lined leaching bins. Initial leaching consisted of misting to simulate typical early fall precipitation. This was followed by daily snow applications and a final misting to simulate spring precipitation. Leachate was collected, analyzed for NH 4 + -N, NO 3 -N, and PO 4 3 -P, and a nutrient balance was computed. There was a net retention of NH 4 + -N, but a net release of both NO 3 - -N and PO 4 3- -P, and a net release of inorganic N and P overall. Total contributions (mg) of N and P were highest from the O e and O e +O i combined treatments, but when expressed as per unit mass, significantly (p < 0.05) higher amounts of NO 3 - -N and PO 4 3- -P were derived from the O i materials. The nutrients in forest floor leachate are a potential source of biologically available N and P to adjacent surface waters. Transport of these nutrients from the terrestrial to the aquatic system in the Lake Tahoe basin may therefore play a part in the already deteriorating clarity of the lake.
Sepicanin A- A new geranyl flavanone from Artocarpus sepicanus with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Abstract Bioassay-guided fractionation of the EtOH extract of Artocarpus sepicanus Diels leaves has led to the isolation of a new geranyl flavanone (1), along with the known compounds, afzelechin-3-O-α- l -rhamnopyranoside and β-sitosterol glucoside. The structure of the new compound was established by UV, IR, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Antimicrobial testing of the three compounds indicated that 1 displayed a significant selective antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with IC50 and MIC values of 1.4 and 2.9 μM, respectively.
Dreaming, cognition, and physical illness: Part II

Part II of this two-part article on the effect of dreaming on physical illness presents clinical research and case study data of the relation of REM sleep on physiologic change. Content analysis and the “symbolism” of dreams is explored for their cognitive significance in terms of their diagnostic functions. The medico-ethical implication of the findings are discussed, along with areas of future research.
Quantifying Doppler angle and mapping flow velocity by a combination of Doppler-shift and Doppler-bandwidth measurements in optical Doppler tomography.

Recently we introduced a novel procedure that estimates Doppler angle and flow velocity simultaneously by combining Doppler-shift and Doppler-bandwidth measurements with a conventional single-beam optical Doppler tomography device. Here we validate this method experimentally with two Intralipid flow setups that correspond to fixed Doppler angle and fixed flow speed. One set of data has a fixed flow speed of 53.6 mm/s with a Doppler angle that changes from 56° to 90°; the other has a fixed Doppler angle of 80° with flow speed that changes from 18.5 to 141.9 mm/s. As obtained with the method introduced here, the Doppler-angle estimation accuracies of the two sets are 97.6% and 98.2%, respectively, and the estimation accuracies of flow speeds of the two sets are 94.3% and 90.4%, respectively.
Amyloid β Toxicity Consists of a Ca2+‐Independent Early Phase and a Ca2+‐Dependent Late Phase

Amyloid beta protein (A beta), which accumulates in the senile plaques in the brain of Alzheimer's patients, is cytotoxic to neurons. A modified 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, in which a yellow redox dye, MTT, is reduced to purple formazan, is very sensitive to the effect of A beta. In primary hippocampal cultures, inhibition of MTT reduction starts within 2 h after the addition of low concentrations of A beta and reaches a plateau in 12 h. This effect of A beta is not blocked by Ca2+ channel blockers or in Ca(2+)-free medium. In contrast, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and trypan blue exclusion, which are indices of cell death, start 3 days after exposure to high concentrations of A beta and are blocked by Ca2+ channel blockers such as Co2+, nicardipine, and diltiazem. When A beta was washed out from the medium after 12 h, MTT reduction recovers and LDH release does not occur, suggesting that a long-lasting inhibition of the cellular redox system may be required to induce cell death. These observations demonstrate that A beta toxicity consists of two phases-a Ca(2+)-independent early phase and a Ca(2+)-dependent late phase- and that the early phase may be required to induce the late phase.
FATE OF MOLYBDENUM-99 IN MAN.

IN view of the biological importance of molybdenum in enzyme systems, the metabolism of molybdenum in man was investigated. Molybdenum distribution in animals and man has been studied, and the greatest concentrations were found in the liver and kidney1,2. In most species the main route of excretion of molybdenum is via the kidney1,3. Investigations in the rat using molybdenum isotopes showed that about one-third of the dose is excreted in the urine and that the faecal excretion is minimal4. The recent availability of molybdenum-99 as a tracer prompted the examination of the blood-levels and excretions of this isotope in man. The work was carried out in four patients. A single tracer dose of 50–100 µc. molybdenum-99 was injected intravenously. The molybdenum-99-levels in plasma and whole blood were determined at 2-, 4-, 8-, and 24-h intervals following the injection of the tracer. The urinary and faecal excretions were determined for periods of 5–13 days. Table 1 lists the age, sex, and diagnosis of these patients.
Summer Institute on the Gifted: Meeting the Needs of the Regular Classroom Teacher

This paper reports the design, implementation, and evaluation of a summer institute for training teachers in the education of the gifted. Based on the characteristic of gifted children to master content quickly and on the needs of the classroom teacher to provide differentiated instruction in the content areas, the institute emphasized the role of the content specialist. Although no control group was used, the highly significant gain from pre- to posttest suggests the institute curriculum was effective. Finally, additional evaluation data indicate the institute was well received by teachers.
Seismologists and Statisticians Establish New Research Targets: Sixth International Workshop on Statistical Seismology (StatSei 6); Lake Tahoe, California, 12–16 April 2009

Statistical seismology has become a vital international research field, exploring earthquake probabilities, models of earthquake occurrence, ground motion, and hypothesis testing. It draws on mathematics, physics, and geology and informs public policy and risk management. About 80 participants attended the Sixth International Workshop on Statistical Seismology (StatSei 6) in California. The Southern California Earthquake Center hosted this meeting with support from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability (CSEP). As in previous StatSei workshops, participants reported significant progress in understanding earthquake spatial, temporal, and size distributions and earthquake triggering, and in the forecasting power of physical and statistical models. Many of these models involve fractal behavior with power law distributions both of earthquake sizes and of distances and times between events.
Tyrosine kinase but not phospholipid/Ca2+ signaling pathway is involved in interferon‐γ stimulation of I‐a expression in macrophages

The specific signal transduction pathway(s) involved in the induction of the expression of the MHC class II molecule, Ia, on macrophages by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is unclear. In this paper, we assessed the role of several signal transduction pathways including calcium mobilization, phospholipase C, protein kinase C and cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase, and the tyrosine kinase pathways. IFN-gamma was unable to mobilize intracellular calcium, unlike platelet-activating factor, which stimulated a threefold increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in macrophages. Inhibition of the phospholipase C pathway by U73122 or ET-180CH3 and of phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase by propranolol did not suppress IFN-gamma-induced Ia expression. In addition, inhibition of protein kinase C by calphostin C or cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase by HA1004 did not suppress Ia expression. However, IFN-gamma-induced Ia expression was significantly suppressed when the tyrosine kinase pathway was inhibited with herbimycin A and genestein. In addition, those two inhibitors suppressed tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins in macrophages that may or may not be involved in the induction of Ia expression. Thus, IFN-gamma used only the tyrosine kinase signaling pathway, but not the phospholipid/Ca2+ signaling pathways, to induce Ia expression in macrophages.
Response to Comment on "Abrupt and Gradual Extinction Among Late Permian Land Vertebrates in the Karoo Basin, South Africa"

We welcome the examination by Marshall ([ 1 ][1]) of our study ([ 2 ][2]), particularly his corrected statistical analysis of confidence intervals on stratigraphic ranges, which we accept. We believe, however, that in the process he has misinterpreted both our original data and his own reanalysis.
Monolithic Multi-Frequency Wideband RF Filters Using Two-Port Laterally Vibrating Lithium Niobate MEMS Resonators

This paper reports on monolithically integrated multifrequency wideband radio frequency (RF) filters based on two-port laterally vibrating lithium niobate microelectromechanical (MEMS) resonators (LVRs). Two-port MEMS resonators based on transferred lithium niobate thin film are designed and experimentally demonstrated. Self-coupled RF filters are implemented by cascading two identical two-port resonators. Modified Mason's models are used to predict the resonators and filters performance. A good agreement is attained between theory and experimental results. The fabricated two-port devices with center frequencies at 500 and 750 MHz exhibit electromechanical coupling coefficients (k t 2 ) of 8% and 14.6%, respectively. As a result, the self-coupled RF filters formed by these resonators are capable of low loss (4 dB) and wideband filtering. Fractional bandwidth of 2% and 3.9% have been achieved-the highest reported for MEMS LVRs. This paper shows that RF-MEMS filters based on LVRs can achieve sufficient bandwidth to cover most of the existing commercial standards.
Plugging Passages with Particles: Refining the Morewitz Criteria

The Morewitz Criteria was developed to predict the quantity of aerosol mass entering a tube or passageway that would result in a particle plug precluding further aerosol transport. However, a few studies have shown the criteria to be invalid for certain situations. This paper proposes an initial test condition that must first be met before the Morewitz Criteria is considered valid. This test condition, based on Davies' Criteria for still air sampling, identifies the physical mechanism responsible for the initial particle deposition and subsequent deposit growth that leads to a plug, provides an explanation for the observed location of particle plugs in tubes, and defines the range of useful application of the Morewitz Criteria. The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government under contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do...
Phylogenetic evidence against evolutionary stasis and natural abiotic reservoirs of influenza A virus

Zhang et al. (G. Zhang, D. Shoham, D. Gilichinsky, S. Davydov, J. D. Castello, and S. O. Rogers, J. Virol. 80:12229-12235, 2006) have claimed to have recovered influenza A virus RNA from Siberian lake ice, postulating that ice might represent an important abiotic reservoir for the persistence and reemergence of this medically important pathogen. A rigorous phylogenetic analysis of these influenza A virus hemagglutinin gene sequences, however, indicates that they originated from a laboratory reference strain derived from the earliest human influenza A virus isolate, WS/33. Contrary to Zhang et al.'s assertions that the Siberian "ice viruses" are most closely related either to avian influenza virus or to human influenza virus strains from Asia from the 1960s (Zhang et al., J. Virol. 81:2538 [erratum], 2007), they are clearly contaminants from the WS/33 positive control used in their laboratory. There is thus no credible evidence that environmental ice acts as a biologically relevant reservoir for influenza viruses. Several additional cases with findings that seem at odds with the biology of influenza virus, including modern-looking avian influenza virus RNA sequences from an archival goose specimen collected in 1917 (T. G. Fanning, R. D. Slemons, A. H. Reid, T. A. Janczewski, J. Dean, and J. K. Taubenberger, J. Virol. 76:7860-7862, 2002), can also be explained by laboratory contamination or other experimental errors. Many putative examples of evolutionary stasis in influenza A virus appear to be due to laboratory artifacts.
AUTOINDUCER-2-MEDIATED QUORUM SENSING IS NOT INVOLVED IN LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES' ADAPTIVE RESPONSES TO THE FOOD PRESERVATIVES LACTIC ACID AND NISIN

Recent reports indicate the presence of autoinducer-2 (AI-2)-like activity in foods such as milk and tofu; it is unclear what effect this molecule may have on virulence and survivability of foodborne pathogens. Quorum sensing has been implicated in stress responses of certain bacteria, and in this study we investigated AI-2-mediated quorum sensing as one of the mechanisms through which the general stress response in Listeria monocytogenes could be triggered. In particular, the ability of L. monocytogenes to acquire resistance to the food preservatives nisin and lactic acid was examined. The cells were pre-exposed to extracellular AI-2 and then challenged with the specific stresses so the level of adaptation caused by the pre-exposure could be assessed. Our data suggested that the resistance to the studied antimicrobials was not mediated through AI-2-dependent quorum sensing pathways. No evidence was found suggesting that quorum sensing in general was involved in L. monocytogenes response to stress.
Sources of variability in umbilical artery systolic/ diastolic ratios: Implications of the Poiseuille equation

Abstract The Poiseuille equation of fluid flow suggests that umbilical cord length and cord blood viscosity may affect resistance to flow and thus affect the systolic/ diastolic ratio. In this prospective study of 40 uncomplicated term pregnancies, we sought to define the relationship of umbilical cord length and cord blood hematocrit level (as an index of viscosity) to the umbilical artery systolic/ diastolic ratio. To focus on these factors, we minimized known sources of systolic/ diastolic ratio variability and controlled for fetal heart rate. Linear regression revealed that fetal heart rate contributed 18% of the systolic /diastolic ratio variability. Conversely, umbilical cord length and cord blood hematocrit level were not related to umbilical artery systolic/ diastolic ratio. We conclude that normal variations in cord blood hematocrit level and umbilical cord length do not significantly affect systolic/ diastolic ratio.
The forgotten casualties: women, children, and environmental change.

Abstract The concept of equity is used to highlight the impacts of environmental change on women and children. Three types of equity are defined (social, generational, and procedural) and both process and outcome (distributions) dimensions are described. The application of the equity concept to the understanding of the socio-spatial impacts on women and children is illustrated using three themes. The effect of environmental contamination on women and children provides an example of generational inequity. Evidence of social inequity is seen in the poverty, population, environmental degradation spiral especially as it compromises the wellbeing of women and children and their ability to mitigate the consequence of environmental disturbances. Finally, procedural inequities are described in the context of equal rights for women, including their rights to resources. Women and children bear and will continue to bear a disproportionate burden of global environmental changes. They also have unequal capabilities and opportunities for adjustments, rendering them more vulnerable to the regional and global environmental transformations currently underway.
Relationships of Birds – Molecules versus Morphology

Molecules and morphology sometimes point to different phylogenies of modern birds. Molecules generally make a better tool for phylogenetic inference, but the evolutionary meaning of a phylogeny requires knowledge from both morphology and fossils. Keywords: molecules; morphology; birds; evolution; convergence
Development pathways at the agriculture–urban interface: the case of Central Arizona

Particular visions of urban development are often codified in multi-year resource management policies. These policies, and the negotiations leading to them, are based in specific problem frames and narratives with long legacies. As conditions change and knowledge improves, there is often a need to revisit how problems, opportunities, and development pathways were defined historically, and to consider the viability of alternative pathways for development. In this article, we examine the case of agriculture near Metropolitan Phoenix, in the Central Arizona region, to highlight how frames and narratives embedded in policy can reinforce particular development pathways, even as information, conditions, and values evolve. Using expert interviews and secondary data, we document alternative frames and narratives that may offer different pathways for development and sustainability in the region. By highlighting alternative narratives, we demonstrate the uncertainties and limitations associated with all narratives about development pathways, and explore the possibilities that narrative shifts can alter future outcomes.
Defining Learning Disabilities A New and Cooperative Direction

A new definition of learning disabilities presented by the National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities emphasizes the severity and heterogeneity of learning disabilities. It redirects the field's attention to the internal nature of learning disabilities, but eliminates exclusive focus on psychological processing disorders contained in former definitions. A direct causal relationship of learning disabilities to other handicapping conditions or environmental influences is denied. The cognitive, linguistic, and academic nature of learning disabilities is stressed.
Xq27-28 deletions in prostate carcinoma.

Linkage studies have implicated a prostate cancer susceptibility locus at Xq27-28 (termed HPCX), estimated to be responsible for approximately 16% of hereditary prostate cancer cases. To date, this region has not been investigated in sporadic disease. In this study, we examined tumor DNA samples prepared from patients with sporadic prostate cancer, prostate cancer cell lines, and prostate cancer xenografts for evidence of genomic alterations within the Xq27-28 region. To facilitate the detection of nullizygosity, we examined a unique series of highly tumor-enriched DNA samples prepared from men with multi-sampled metastatic prostate cancer, as well as a series of prostate cancer xenografts and cell lines. PCR amplification of carcinoma and normal DNA templates was performed for 11 loci spanning an Xq27-28 interval of approximately 16 cM. Among 19 patients studied, somatic deletions in this region were found in two cases. Within these two cases, each independent metastatic tumor sample available from an individual (n = 4 sites and 8 sites, respectively) showed the same reduction to nullizygosity, suggesting a pre-metastatic origin for the deletion events in both. Mapping of the deletion boundaries with eight additional sets of markers indicated that both deletions had breakpoints within an approximately 500- to 800-kb interval containing FMR1; however, the deletions were non-overlapping. The lack of a common region of deletion suggests one of three possibilities: (1) that these two deletions are unrelated, (2) that the deletions affect the opposite ends of an as yet unknown gene, or (3) that each deletion has inactivated a single copy of an unknown gene arranged in cis in the region of interest. These data clearly indicate that deletions do occur within the HPCX locus in a subset of sporadic prostate cancers and therefore raises the possibility that the gene at this locus may prove to play a role in sporadic disease.
Postnatal development of aminergic projections to frontal cortex: Effects of cortical lesions

The effects of lesions induced by fetal treatment with methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) on the developmental synaptic chemistry of the frontal cortex of rats were examined. Treatment at 14 days' gestation (DG) resulted in a 50% decrease in frontal cortical mass whereas treatment at 15 DG caused a 40% decrement. No difference in concentration between MAM and control rats was observed in the postnatal development of the GABA-ergic markers, glutamate decarboxylase, and GABA. In contrast, the concentrations of the presynaptic markers for the dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic terminals were generally elevated in the MAM lesioned frontal cortex throughout postnatal development. The effects of MAM lesion on cholinergic markers were mixed, with minimal alterations in concentration during the first 2 postnatal weeks followed by an increasing disparity thereafter. The results of this study provide additional evidence in support of the differential impact of the cortical hypoplasia on intrinsic neurons as contrasted to aminergic afferents.
Influence of Body Mass Index on Survival in Veterans With Multiple Myeloma

PURPOSE We investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) at the time of multiple myeloma (MM) diagnosis and overall survival in a cohort of patients within the Veterans Health Administration system. We also evaluated the association between weight loss in the year prior to diagnosis and survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS Prospective analysis was performed on a retrospectively assembled cohort of 2,968 U.S. veterans diagnosed and treated for MM between September 1, 1999, and September 30, 2009, with follow-up information through October 22, 2011. Cox modeling controlling for patient- and disease-related prognostic variables was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Underweight patients (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) had increased mortality, whereas patients who were overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) had lower mortality compared with healthy-weight patients (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2). Weight loss ≥10% of baseline in the year before diagnosis was also associated with increased mortality and made the association between increased BMI and survival nonsignificant. CONCLUSION Disease-related weight loss may be an important and heretofore unknown indicator of poor prognosis in MM. Assessment of weight loss prior to MM diagnosis should become a standard component of the clinical history in patients with newly diagnosed MM. Further research may identify relationships between disease-related weight loss and currently used prognostic factors in MM, further defining the role of this clinical factor in prognostic stratification.
Thermal analysis of chemically synthesized polyaniline and effects of thermal aging on conductivity

Thermal characteristics of chemically synthesized polyaniline with various dopants have been studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy, gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), and chemical titration. The HCl-doped polyaniline shows three major weight losses at around 100, 200, and 500°C which are assigned to removal of H2O and HCl, and decomposition of the polymer, respectively. Thermal aging of the HCl-doped polyaniline performed at 100, 150, and 200°C for various periods of time results in a decrease in conductivity. After the thermal treatments, the polymer can be re-doped with HCl to partially recover the conductivity. However, both the conductivity and the doping level cannot be restored to the level of the original materials owing probably to changes in morphology, crosslinking, or other chemical reactions.
MedlinePlus® Go Local Programs: A Review of the Literature

MedlinePlus® is a premier consumer health portal. Developed by the National Library of Medicine in the late 1990s, this site added Go Local projects, beginning in 2003 with NC Health Info, to make information about facilities, providers, and services available at the local level. This article documents the literature about the Go Local programs.
The Complexity of Context: A Service Ecosystems Approach for International Marketing:

Abstract To strengthen the theoretical foundations of international marketing (IM), the authors propose a framework for conceptualizing the complexity of the context that frames international and global exchange systems. In particular, they apply a service ecosystems approach, which is grounded in service-dominant logic and its foundational premise that service is the basis of all exchange. The proposed framework provides insight into the nature of context, a distinguishing feature of IM. The authors argue that the embeddedness of social networks and the multiplicity of institutions within a service ecosystem influence the complexity of context. They articulate the way the (co)creation of value influences and is influenced by the enactment of practices and the integration of resources through various levels (micro, meso, and macro) of interaction and institutions. They introduce the concept of “value in cultural context” to emphasize the influence of the symbolic and social components of context. The arti...
The Efficacy of Group Versus One-to-One Instruction: A Review:

The issue of pup versus one-to-one instruction and training is explored through a review of relevant reseanh in this area. Distinctions between the concept of individualized instruction and one-to-one instruction are presented Discussion of the research focuses on the concerns of effectiveness, eficiency, and social benfits. Implications for educational programming and fiture research are presented.
Effects of the estrous cycle, pregnancy and interferon tau on expression of cyclooxygenase two (COX-2) in ovine endometrium.

In sheep, the uterus produces luteolytic pulses of prostaglandin F2α (PGF) on Days 15 to 16 of estrous cycle to regress the corpus luteum (CL). These PGF pulses are produced by the endometrial lumenal epithelium (LE) and superficial ductal glandular epithelium (sGE) in response to binding of pituitary and/or luteal oxytocin to oxytocin receptors (OTR) and liberation of arachidonic acid, the precursor of PGF. Cyclooxygenase-one (COX-1) and COX-2 are rate-limiting enzymes in PGF synthesis, and COX-2 is the major form expressed in ovine endometrium. During pregnancy recognition, interferon tau (IFNτ), produced by the conceptus trophectoderm, acts in a paracrine manner to suppress development of the endometrial epithelial luteolytic mechanism by inhibiting transcription of estrogen receptor α (ERα) (directly) and OTR (indirectly) genes. Conflicting studies indicate that IFNτ increases, decreases or has no effect on COX-2 expression in bovine and ovine endometrial cells. In Study One, COX-2 mRNA and protein were detected solely in endometrial LE and sGE of both cyclic and pregnant ewes. During the estrous cycle, COX-2 expression increased from Days 10 to 12 and then decreased to Day 16. During early pregnancy, COX-2 expression increased from Days 10 to 12 and remained higher than in cyclic ewes. In Study Two, intrauterine infusion of recombinant ovine IFNτ in cyclic ewes from Days 11 to 16 post-estrus did not affect COX-2 expression in the endometrial epithelium. These results clearly indicate that IFNτ has no effect on expression of the COX-2 gene in the ovine endometrium. Therefore, antiluteolytic effects of IFNτ are to inhibit ERα and OTR gene transcription, thereby preventing endometrial production of luteolytic pulses of PGF. Indeed, expression of COX-2 in the endometrial epithelia as well as conceptus is likely to have a beneficial regulatory role in implantation and development of the conceptus.
Extracting Wisdom from Experts and Small Crowds: Strategies for Improving Informant-based Measures of Political Concepts

Social scientists have increasingly turned to expert judgments to generate data for difficult-to-measure concepts, but getting access to and response from highly expert informants can be costly and challenging. We examine how informant selection and post-survey response aggregation influence the validity and reliability of measures built from informant observations. We draw upon three surveys with parallel survey questions of candidate characteristics to examine the trade-off between expanding the size of the local informant pool and the pool's level of expertise. We find that a “wisdom-of-crowds” effect trumps the benefits associated with the expertise of individual informants when the size of the rater pool is modestly increased. We demonstrate that the benefits of expertise are best realized by prescreening potential informants for expertise rather than post-survey weighting by expertise.
A Candidate Second-Generation Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy in Veterinary Medicine

Introduction: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the light activation of a drug within a tumor causing selective tumor cell death. Unfortunately, some photosensitizing drugs have been associated with adverse reactions in veterinary patients. Zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (ZnPcS4) is a promising second-generation photosensitizer for use in veterinary medicine, however, it cannot be applied clinically until safety and efficacy data are available. Methods: Increasing intraperitoneal doses of ZnPcS4 were given to Swiss Webster mice to assess acute toxicity. Based on mouse toxicity data, a phase I clinical trial of ZnPcS4-based PDT in tumor-bearing dogs was designed, using an accelerated titration scheme starting at 0.5% of the minimum toxic dose in mice. 24-hours after ZnPcS4 administration tumors were irradiated with 675 nm light and dogs were evaluated by routine hematology and serum biochemistry at regular intervals after PDT. Results: Doses >125 mg/kg were associated with acute toxicity and mortality in Swiss Webster mice, suggesting the minimum toxic dose is 120–125 mg/kg. One dog, a Golden retriever with a massive malignant fibrous histiocytoma, has been entered into the phase I clinical trial. No deleterious effects were noted after ZnPcS4 administration. Within 48 hours of PDT, the tumor was dark and necrotic, with no grossly visible changes to the surrounding normal tissues. Histological examination of the PDT-treated tumor confirmed widespread necrosis and thrombosis consistent with PDT-mediated damage. The owner reported no adverse effects after treatment. Conclusions: Although preliminary data are encouraging, additional evaluation of ZnPcS4-based PDT is required to determine its role in veterinary medicine.
More On Supplemental Materials For Database Management System Knowledge And Skills In The Accounting Information Systems Course

Much attention has been paid to the issue of enhancing students' understanding of the increasing role of database systems in accounting practice and integrating the modeling/operational aspects of such systems into the classroom. Recent surveys indicate that a number of Accounting Information Systems (AIS) professors are expanding their coverage of database topics, albeit some are only doing so on a more cursory basis. This paper reviews the changing nature of database education in AIS classes and provides supplemental active learning instructional aids to enhance the conceptual database coverage in AIS texts. The materials provide Systems professors who have time/resource constraints or limited formal training on database systems with an easy to learn and easy to adopt set of Access 2000 exercises. Students implement a pre-designed relational data model and experience the creation and use of database tables, forms, queries and macros. The materials build on the data set present in the widely used Systems Understanding Aid by Arens and Ward (1995), but it is not necessary to use them in conjunction with that case.
Comparing Approaches to Uncertain Reasoning: Discussion: System Condemnation Pays Off

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses four approaches to system condemnation: religious approach, NSF study approach, experimental approach, and the approach of designing actual systems. The religious approach states that sacrilegious systems should be condemned. The NSF study approach states that systems that can be condemned on the basis of simplistic arguments should be condemned. The experimental approach consists of designing simplified versions of one or more systems, in the context of a simplified task for them to perform, and then examining how well they perform it. The difficulty with this approach to system condemnation is that condemnation of all system design strategies studied in an experiment is unlikely. The problem with the approach of designing actual system is that those actual systems are likely to be non-comparable. For this reason, scientists using this approach often declare ahead of time that they do not intend to use the results to condemn any of the systems under study.
The fate of the corpus albicans: a quantitative approach.

Abstract Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of ovaries from 14 premenopausal and 6 postmenopausal women were studied. Planimetric methods after image tracing on graph paper were employed to measure the corpora albicantia of these ovaries selected from our surgical files. No significant differences were found concerning the quantitative aspect of the corpora albicantia of pre- and postmenopausal women. The problem of the fate of the corpora albicantia formed during the reproductive life of a woman has been introduced.
Dental School and Community Clinic Financial Arrangements

In community-based dental education programs, student-provided services can be an important source of community clinic and practice revenues. The University of Michigan School of Dentistry has developed a revenue-sharing arrangement with multiple community clinics and practices. During their ten-week externship, senior students produce at least $800 a day in patient care revenues, and the school receives an average of $165 per student per day from community sites. These funds are used to cover program costs and enrich the curriculum. Revenue-sharing with community clinics and practices helps to ensure program longevity and is an increasingly significant source of school revenues.
Ordered intermetallic alloys, part III: Gamma titanium aluminides

Extensive research during the last eight years has resulted in the development and improvement of second-generation gamma alloys of engineering importance, Ti-48Al-2(Cr or Mn)-2Nb and derivatives. These alloys exhibit properties, in duplex micro-structural forms, meeting requirements for some gas-turbine and automobile engine components that may be used up to 760 °C. These achievements were made possible by an improved understanding of both fundamental and practical aspects of these aluminides, such as phase relations, microstructure evolution and control, processing, microstructure-property relationships, and deformation and fracture processes. Nevertheless, widespread higher performance and/or higher-temperature applications of these alloys appear unlikely unless the current properties are dramatically improved.
Hematologic and immunomodulatory effects of an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist coinfusion during low-dose endotoxemia in healthy humans.

Endotoxin is a component of gram-negative bacteria that causes hematologic and immunologic changes through its induction of cytokines. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a naturally occurring inhibitor of IL-1 that competes with IL-1 for occupancy of cell-surface receptors but possesses no agonist activity. We investigated the ability of human recombinant IL-1Ra to block the effects of low-dose endotoxin. Fourteen healthy male volunteers between 18 and 30 years old were injected intravenously with 3 ng/kg Escherichia coli endotoxin. Concurrent with the injections, nine volunteers received a 3-hour continuous intravenous infusion of IL-1Ra. The other five subjects were given a 3-hour infusion of saline. Volunteers injected with endotoxin experienced a threefold increase in circulating neutrophils over baseline. This neutrophilia was significantly reduced by 48% in subjects administered endotoxin plus IL-1Ra (P = .0253). Ex vivo mitogen-induced peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation decreased by greater than 60% at 3 and 6 hours after endotoxin injection (P = .0053). This endotoxin-induced reduction in mitogen response was reversed in subjects coinjected with IL-1Ra (P = .0253). Endotoxin-induced symptoms, fever, and tachycardia were unaffected by IL-1Ra. IL-1 appears to be an important mediator in endotoxemia because some of its hematologic and immunomodulatory effects can be blocked by IL-1Ra.
Research on Dielectric Loss Variation of Circuit-breaker Capacitors with Voltage

This paper researches on circuit-breaker capacitors dielectric loss(tanδ) variation rule,mechanism influence on operation and measures to deal with it during preventive test.It also makes some reasonable suggestions to manufacture and use.
Coexistence in wireless networks with heterogeneous self-interference cancellation capabilities

Recently, tremendous progress has been made in self-interference cancellation (SIC) techniques that enable a wireless device to transmit and receive data simultaneously on the same frequency channel, a.k.a. in-band full-duplex (FD) communications. Although operating in a FD mode significantly improves the throughput of a single wireless link, it doubles the number of concurrent transmissions, which limits the potential for coexistence between multiple FD-enabled links. In this paper, we consider the problem of concurrent transmissions between two FD-enabled links with different SIC capabilities; each link can operate in either FD or half-duplex (HD) mode. Following a game-theoretic framework, we aim to determine the stable behavior (FD or HD) for the two coexisting links. To achieve this objective, we first analyze a simple normal form game between the two links, which provides some insight into the coexistence problem. It turns out that the outcome of this game depends on two factors: The amount of residual self-interference (due to imperfect SIC) and the external interference from one link on the other. To capture the impact of residual self-interference, we formulate a Bayesian game between two links with heterogeneous SIC capabilities. In this game, each link (player) tries to maximize its throughput while minimizing the transmission power cost. We derive the Bayesian Nash equilibrium for this game. Furthermore, we determine the conditions on the external interference under which no outage occurs at both links. Finally, we conduct simulations and USRP hardware experiments to corroborate our analytical findings.