cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conservation of angular momentum in RRKM theory. A three-dimensional model for nonlinear molecules

Abstract The “usual” implementation of the unimolecular rate constant in RRKM theory treats nonlinear molecules as pseudo-diatomics and thus does not conserve total angular momentum. A three-dimensional model for conservation of total angular momentum for vibrator transition states in the K rotational quantum number either active or adiabatic is presented and a comparison made between this model and the “usual” one in the low-pressure limit for two different reactions. This showed that the three-dimensional model resulted in significantly larger rate constants when the K rotor was active, indicating the importance of conservation of total angular momentum.
Pillow Talk: Examining Pillow Cores in a Regional Burn Center

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Hospital acquired infection is a signficant problem in patients with burns leading to increased length of stay and increased mortality. Reducing the risk of nosocomial infection is a primary goal of several national healthcare improvement initiatives. An 8 bed Midwestern regional burn center's focus on patient-centered safety, clinical effectiveness, and quality of care promoted processes to improve patient care at the bedside. METHODS: When inspecting pillows used on the burn unit, nurses discovered patient pillows varied in weight and detected stains on some pillow covers. Nurses questioned whether the presence of small manufactured openings, which allow for air exchange within the pillow core, might also allow for wound drainage and transfer of microorganisms, increasing patient risk for acquired infection. An interdisciplinary team was formed that included members from nursing, infection control, and laundry services to assemble and review the evidence related to the role of pillows in harboring microorganisms and their contribution to hospital acquired infection. Three patient pillows and 1 control pillow were sent to an independent microbiology laboratory for examination of pillow cores. RESULTS: Manufactured pillow openings were not found to be a mechanism for pillow core contamination. Pillow seams and pillow label tags were found to be a mechanism for pillow contamination allowing for drainage wicking from outside the pillow to the pillow core. Multiple infectious organisms were found growing within pillow cores of all 3 patient pillows. These organisms had correlation to organisms from colonized and infected patients, e.g. acinobacter cultured from a patient with acinobacter colonization of the face. No organisms were found growing within the pillow core of the control pillow. The unit instituted an intervention that replaced reusable pillows with disposable pillows for all burn patients. CONCLUSIONS: In the regional burn center, the processes of bedside communication, interdisciplinary teamwork, and evidence-based decision making contributed to the patient safety goal of reducing hospital acquired infection and improving patient care at the bedside.
Backgrounds to hadronic Higgs-boson detection in a 1-TeV e+e- collider.

We calculate the cross section of all standard-model processes which constitute a potential background to the hadronic decays of an intermediate-mass neutral Higgs boson in a 1-TeV {ital e}{sup +}{ital e}{sup {minus}} collider. These calculations are performed taking into account a realistic photon distribution which is due to beamstrahlung. Imposing appropriate kinematic cuts, and for {ital m}{sub {ital H}}{gt}125 GeV, the Higgs-boson signal is visible above this background. Distinguishing bottom jets from light-quark jets can greatly enhance the signal-to-noise ratio.
Market penetration - a probabilistic approach

Abstract The focus of this paper is the development of a probabilistic steady-state (long-term) characterization of the market allocation process under stochastic variation in prices of delivered products. The generic method has been developed with a view toward incorporation of the methodology within large-scale energy models.
The United Kingdom and Norway: Offshore development policies and state oil companies

Abstract After outlining the basic offshore policy considerations, the establishment of the UK and Norwegian national oil compaines are considered in turn. The British National Oil Corporation was established against a background of a rapid depletion policy, and entered participation agreements with most of the oil companies. Its functions were curtailed after 1979, and it was abolished in 1985. Statoil emerged somewhat earlier and against a background of a much slower, measured depletion policy. The company maintained a dominating influence upon oil developments, which has remained at a reduced level throughout the 1980s.
Expression of paternal glucose phosphate isomerase-1 (Gpi-1) in preimplantation stages of mouse embryos.

Abstract Electrophoretic variants of glucose phosphate isomerase have been used to study the time of paternal gene activation during early embryogenesis of the mouse. Hybrid embryos obtained from matings of GPI-1A ♀ X GPI-1B ♂ were examined electrophoretically, and assayed for GPI activity during preimplantation stages. The heteropolymeric GPI-1AB band was detected in late blastocysts and all three bands of the hybrid pattern were discernible in samples of expanded blastocysts, day 6. These findings indicate that the Gpi-1 paternal locus is expressed by day 5. Activity levels of GPI were comparable to values reported for G6PD. The activity of GPI was constant for days 1, 2, and 3; however, a marked decrease in activity occurred by day 4. A slight decrease in activity was observed in embryos from days 5 and 6. Our results demonstrate the value of using electrophoretic variants to pinpoint synthesis of new enzyme which may not be reflected in changes in levels of activity.
Thermal Expansion and Glass Transition Temperatures of Y-Mg-Si-Al-O-N Glasses

The thermal expansion coefficients and glass transition temperatures of Y-Mg-Si-Al-O-N glasses were measured using dilatometry. The thermal expansion coefficients of these glasses could be calculated on the basis of composition, using experimentally determined thermal expansion prefactors .
Radiation-associated atheromatous disease of the cervical carotid artery: report of seven cases and review of the literature.

The natural history of postirradiation extracranial cerebrovascular disease is uncertain. Previous reported cases spanning 20 years of carotid surgery are difficult to evaluate, because patients may sometimes have unspecified symptoms, physical examinations, postoperative results, and follow-up. Also, the evolution of carotid surgery over the past two decades makes it impossible to compare earlier operative technique with the state-of-the-art technique of today. Our series of 7 patients underwent 9 carotid endarterectomies with an average follow-up period of 46 months. The number of patients is small, and although technically this is a more difficult operation, we feel the results are favorable and may be comparable with endarteerctomy procedures in nonirradiated patients. These patients should be approached as if radiation changes are not a major factor when they are considered for reconstructive arterial surgery. 44 references.
Effects of field application methods on the persistence and metabolism of phorate in soils and its translocation into crops.

The effects of application methods of phorate at 10 lb/acre on its metabolism, toxicity, and translocation into crops were studied under field conditions. Residues were least persistent when phorate was applied solely to the soil surface; 6 days were required until 1/2 of the applied dosage could no longer be detected in the form of phorate and its metabolites. Residues were more persistent after the insecticide had been mixed with the upper 4- to 5-in. soil layer, and 30 days were required until 1/2 of the applied dosage could no longer be detected. Less than 1.6% of the applied phorate was measured 14 and 30 days after its application to the soil surface or the upper 4- to 5-in. soil layer, respectively. Highest amounts of phorate sulfoxide (3.2 and 4.88 lb. acre) were recovered from both field soils 6 days after phorate application. subsequently, the concentration of phorate sulfoxide in these soils declined rapidly, while the amounts of phorate sulfone increased, until they in turn reached their peak (1.44 and 3.5 lb/acre) at one month after soil treatment. Residues consisting entirely of phorate sulfone were found 2 months after application of phorate to the soil surface but 5 months after mixing of the insecticide with the upper soil layer. Insect mortalities were obtained with both field soils. Potatoes grown in these soils during 1971 and 1972 did not contain measurable insecticide residues. Corn silage contained phorate sulfone at 0.03 and 0.18 ppm in 1971, but no measurable residues in 1972. Carrots from both field plots contained in 1971 phorate sulfone at 0.12 and 0.50 ppm and in 1972 at 0.04 ppm after growing in the soil whose upper layer had originally been mixed with the insecticide.
A new sufficient condition for arbitrary pole placement by real constant output feedback

Abstract A new sufficient condition for generic pole assignment is given based on the height of the first Whitney class of a certain Grassmannian, this result contains the condition m + p − 1 ≥ n and is stronger than LScat (p, m) ≥ n , this test is equivalent to the factorial test in [7] but it has the advantage that it is testable for most of the cases.
Simulations of PEGylated and Tethered Lipid Bilayers

Lipid bilayer structures with PEGylated headgroups are highly important for drug delivery and nanotechnology. Here, we study mixtures of DOPC (1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) bilayers and PEGylated DOPCs at various concentration ratios fully hydrated using the MARTINI coarse-grained force field. We show that external conditions like applying a surface tension allows us to switch from a micellar configuration to a bilayer. We characterize the structures using various radial distribution functions as well as the radius of gyration of PEGylated DOPC. Our results show that under suitable condition, lipid bilayer structure can be transformed and manipulated. We also address systems where the ends of the PEGs are grafted to a surface to form a tethered bilayer. Different grafting densities and tether lengths are studied. Preliminary comparisons to experimental data show that we can obtain realistic structures.
Sociodemographic Disparities in Advanced Ovarian Cancer Survival and Adherence to Treatment Guidelines

© 2015 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. Objective: To estimate whether race or ethnic and socioeconomic strata are independently associated with advanced-stage ovarian cancer-specific survival after adjusting for adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network treatment guidelines. Methods: The design was a retrospective population-based cohort study of patients with stage IIIC-IV epithelial ovarian cancer identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database (1992-2009). Quartile of census tract median household income was used as the measure of socioeconomic status (quartiles 1-4). A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify characteristics predictive of adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for surgery and chemotherapy. Cox proportional hazards models and propensity score matching were used for survival analyses. Results: A total of 10,296 patients were identified, and 30.2% received National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline-adherent care. Among demographic variables, black race (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22-1.92) and low socioeconomic status (quartile 1, adjusted OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.14-1.52) were independently associated with nonguideline care. Stratified multivariate survival analysis using the propensity score-matched sample (n5,124) revealed that deviation from treatment guidelines was associated with a comparable risk of disease-related death across race-ethnicity: whites (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.59, 95% CI 1.48-1.71), blacks (adjusted HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.19-2.30), Asian or Pacific Islanders (adjusted HR 1.52, 95% CI 0.99-1.92), and Hispanics (adjusted HR 1.91, 95% CI 0.98-3.72). Across socioeconomic status, deviation from treatment guidelines was also associated with a comparable risk of ovarian cancer mortality for quartile 1 (adjusted HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.47-1.95), quartile 2 (adjusted HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.42-1.87), quartile 3 (adjusted HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.32-1.73), and quartile 4 (adjusted HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.38-1.79). Conclusion: Adherence to treatment guidelines for advanced-stage ovarian cancer is associated with equivalent survival benefit across racial or ethnic and socioeconomic strata. Ensuring equal access to standard treatment is a viable strategic approach to reduce survival disparities.
On razumikhin-type stability conditions for stochastic functional differential equations

In this paper, Razumikhin-type uniformly asymptotic stability conditions are obtained for the trivial solution process of a system of stochastic functional differential equations. An example is also given to illustrate the applicability of the results obtained.
Some Correspondences and Similarities of Shamanism and Cognitive Science: Interconnectedness, Extension of Meaning, and Attribution of Mental States

Correspondences and similarities between ideas in shamanism and ideas in contemporary cognitive science are considered. The importance of interconnectedness in the web of life worldview characteristic of shamanism and in connectionist models of semantic memory in cognitive science, and the extension of meaning to elements of the natural world in shamanism and indistributed cognition, are considered. Cognitive consequences of such an extension (e.g., use of representativeness and intentional stance heuristics, magical thinking, social attribution errors, and social in-group/out-group differences) are discussed. It is suggested that attributions of mental states, beliefs, and desires to a computer on the basis of behavioral measures (e.g., the Turing test) is consistent with the extension of meaning and intentionality to nonhuman elements of the natural world in shamanism. In general, the existence of such correspondencesand similarities suggests that elements of shamanism may reflect cognitive structures and processes that are also used by nonshamans and in nonshamanic settings.
Approaches to Multi-Level Sequential Logic Synthesis

In this paper, we present approaches to multi-level sequential logic synthesis -- algorithms and techniques for the area and performance optimization of interconnected finite state machine descriptions. Interacting finite state machines are common in industrial chip designs. While optimization techniques for single finite state machines are relatively well developed, the problem of optimization across latch boundaries has received much less attention. Techniques to optimize pipelined combinational logic so as to improve area/throughput have been proposed. However, logic cannot be straightforwardly migrated across latch boundaries when the basic blocks are sequential rather than combinational circuits. We present new techniques for the exploitation of sequential don't cares in arbitrary, interconnected sequential machine structures. Exploiting these don't care sequences can result in significant improvements in area and performance. We address the problem of migrating logic across state machine boundaries so as to make particular machines less complex at the possible expense of making others more complex. This can be useful from both an area and performance point of view. We present new optimization algorithms that incrementally modify state machine structures across latch boundaries. We discuss the use of more global state machine decomposition and factorization algorithms for area optimization. Finally, we present experimental results using these algorithms on sequential circuits.
Applicability of the axial lead system to infants and children

Abstract The axial lead system of McFee and Parungao has been investigated in homogeneous torso models of newborn, 5 year old child and adult sizes. It is demonstrated that the system is practically orthogonal and uniform throughout the heart area regardless of the size of the model. However, if the size of the heart is increased, peripheral distortions are observed toward the precordial electrodes of the Z lead and in minor degree toward the left side electrodes of the X lead. An inverse relation was found between surface potentials and chest circumference. Compensations for body size are suggested by the use of proportionality factors. The unequal voltage response of X, Y and Z leads must be compensated by proportional adjustment of the sensitivities of each amplifier. It is shown that the system is not unduly sensitive to variations in electrode location.
Multi-Time Scale Modeling Strategy for Bearing Life Prognosis

Prediction of a bearing service life is traditionally achieved by empirical or physical models, which have their own strengths and limitations. In an effort to combine the strengths of these modeling approaches, this research investigates the concept of Multi-Time Scale Modeling (MTSM). Specifically, a MTSM strategy for bearing life prognosis is developed by correlating experimentally acquired bearing vibration data with physics based model of microscopic growth of crack size. The strategy is composed of a fast scale empirical model (e.g., root mean square value of vibration), a slow scale physical model (e.g., change of crack length over one loading cycle), and a model coupling mechanism (e.g., bidirectional mapping functions). The fast and slow scale models are obtained by polynomial regression analysis and using the concept of the Paris Law, respectively. The coupling mechanism is established through introduction of dynamic mass into the model. The improvement in bearing service life prediction, obtained by the presented MTSM strategy is experimentally validated.© 2009 ASME
Numerical study of turbulent droplet flow heat transfer

Abstract The turbulent droplet flow heat transfer at post-dryout conditions was analyzed for the thermal entrance of circular tubes at low system pressures. The velocity and eddy diffusivity functions of Deissler [1] were used for the vapor phase, with the droplets performing as distributed heat sinks. Variable mesh was used near the wall in the numerical calculation. The analysis predicts the experimental results accurately.
Ethos at Sea

A study of writing in the United States Navy indicates the wide usefulness of the rhetorical concept of ethos. Although almost never formally taught, the concept is continually being rediscovered and applied within a wide variety of naval contexts, from naval personnel evaluations to ship- repair reports. But ethos is still too seldom consciously present or habitually applied in the naval profession. And, as the Tailhook episode has recently demonstrated, a lack of such understanding can sometimes have adverse effects on the credibility of the Navy as a whole.
Soft error correction for increased densities in VLSI memories

If VLSI RAM densities are to continue to increase, it will undoubtedly be necessary to take the problems associated with "soft errors" much more seriously than has previously been done. In this paper, we propose a methodology for analyzing the effects of soft errors in VLSI RAMS as feature sizes decrease, and for taking corrective action with error-correcting codes. We will take a parametric approach, making several different assumptions about how the error severity will scale as feature size decreases, and our conclusions will be stated relative to the particular assumption made. It is our hope that as more definite information about VLSI error-scaling becomes available, the results of this paper will prove helpful for designers of ultra-dense memories.
Simple discriminatory functions: review, summary, and discussion.

The program which this account reviews is primarily concerned with neural visual effects.Baker’s paper concerns an analysis of the courses of dark adaptation and light adaptation. Some topics surrounding his discussion of photochemical and neural mechanisms are outlined.Rushton does not believe that photochemical processes are limiting factors in visual sensitivity during dark adaptation. Four of the points made by Rushton are taken up in the present review. They concern neural effects in dark adaptation. Rushton’s concept of a neural pool threshold is discussed.The paper by Ratliffe, Hartline, and Miller deals with inhibition in Limulus receptor units. Among other things the authors deal with the problem of brightness contrast. The implications of the findings for human vision are considered.Bouman, Vos, and Walraven treat brightness and color discrimination in a reference system of fluctuation theory. The theory is not restricted to quantum absorptions but may also be taken to represent fluctuations in a time interval between successive spikes in a nerve discharge, or, in fact, any appropriate formal event-system. Some aspects of the account are taken up.Blackwell presents a summary of relatively recent neural theories of visual functions. The reviewer assesses some earlier accounts and points to a disappointing feature of many of them: the explanatory facts produced were often outnumbered by the assumptions made.
Do Institutions Respond Asymmetrically to Changes in State Need- and Merit-Based Aid?

In the past two decades, states have implemented quite different financial aid policies with respect to whether they support the academic merit or financial need of students. However, there is still limited knowledge of the distributive consequences of these practices and the connection between state policy goals and actual net costs faced by students. This study builds upon our previous research by asking whether institutions respond through changing net price disproportionately to the policy priorities established through alternative merit- and/or needsbased state financial aid programs. We find that both public and private institutions lowered their listed tuitions and fees levels when states increased merit-based financial aid, indicating that institutions may be competing with each other for high ability students. Conversely, we find that higher education institutions raise net-price and lower their average institutional financial aid award when their states increase need-based awards, and indication that they are capturing increased state financial generosity. Our study highlights one of the mechanisms through which state spending on student aid may, or may not contribute to the achievement of the declared objectives of state government, such as increased access, increased retention, and an increase in the number of graduates in particular geographic and employment areas.
Waves and turbulence on a beta-plane

Two-dimensional eddies in a homogeneous fluid at large Reynolds number, if closely packed, are known to evolve towards larger scales. In the presence of a restoring force, the geophysical beta-effect, this cascade produces a field of waves without loss of energy, and the turbulent migration of the dominant scale nearly ceases at a wavenumber kβ = (β/2U)½ independent of the initial conditions other than U, the r.m.s. particle speed, and β, the northward gradient of the Coriolis frequency.The conversion of turbulence into waves yields, in addition, more narrowly peaked wavenumber spectra and less fine-structure in the spatial maps, while smoothly distributing the energy about physical space.The theory is discussed, using known integral constraints and similarity solutions, model equations, weak-interaction wave theory (which provides the terminus for the cascade) and other linearized instability theory. Computer experiments with both finite-difference and spectral codes are reported. The central quantity is the cascade rate, defined as \[ T = 2\int_0^{\infty} kF(k)dk/U^3\langle k\rangle , \] where F is the nonlinear transfer spectrum and 〈k〉 the mean wavenumber of the energy spectrum. (In unforced inviscid flow T is simply U−1d〈k〉−1/dt, or the rate at which the dominant scale expands in time t.) T is shown to have a mean value of 3·0 × 10−2 for pure two-dimensional turbulence, but this decreases by a factor of five at the transition to wave motion. We infer from weak-interaction theory even smaller values for k [Lt ] kβ.After passing through a state of propagating waves, the homogeneous cascade tends towards a flow of alternating zonal jets which, we suggest, are almost perfectly steady. When the energy is intermittent in space, however, model equations show that the cascade is halted simply by the spreading of energy about space, and then the end state of a zonal flow is probably not achieved.The geophysical application is that the cascade of pure turbulence to large scales is defeated by wave propagation, helping to explain why the energy-containing eddies in the ocean and atmosphere, though significantly nonlinear, fail to reach the size of their respective domains, and are much smaller. For typical ocean flows, . In addition the cascade generates, by itself, zonal flow (or more generally, flow along geostrophic contours).
Safety of strength training in premenopausal women: musculoskeletal injuries from a two-year randomized trial

Abstract Purpose. The health benefits of strength training must be weighed against risks, including injuries. A prior study observed 4.2 injuries that limited usual activities for a day per 1000 strength training sessions among men and women. The analysis herein explores the incidence rates of musculoskeletal injuries from strength training in women. Design. Randomized controlled trial. Setting. Free-living community. Subjects. A total of 163 injury-free, overweight, sedentary, premenopausal women aged 25 to 44 years. Intervention. Two years of strength training (n = 81) or standard care (n = 82). The intervention followed published guidelines (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) with hypothesized injury prevention strategies. Measures. An injury survey was administered at years 1 and 2. Injury was defined as physical activity or strength training associated injuries that limited daily activities for 1 week or more. Denominators for rate calculation were accelerometer-measured physical activ...
Application of a new transformation to reduced-order modeling and discrete-time implementation of linear systems

A novel transformation, based on the theory of Chebyshev polynomial approximation in normed spaces, is applied to two problems of interest in control system theory, digital control systems, and digital signal processing: reduced-order modeling and digitizing of linear dynamic systems. >
Mothers’ Empathic Understanding of their Toddlers: Associations with Maternal Depression and Sensitivity

Mothers’ empathic understanding of their children’s motives, thoughts, and feelings is thought to guide parenting behaviors and shape the mother-child relationship. However, little is known about the relation between empathic understanding and parenting behaviors during developmental shifts that may be emotionally challenging for mothers, such as the transition from infancy to the toddler years, or how it may relate to maternal depressive symptoms. We assessed relations between maternal empathic understanding, depression, and sensitivity. We developed a coding system, the Empathic Understanding Assessment (EUA), to measure this construct in the mothers of 30-month old children. One hundred twenty eight mother-child pairs participated in a series of lab-based tasks designed to be challenging for the children. Mothers then watched these videotaped interactions and responded to questions regarding their children’s experiences. Interview content was coded using the EUA. Results indicated that mothers higher in empathic understanding and more intensely emotional were rated as more sensitive. Maternal depression was negatively related to empathic understanding. The importance of considering the role of maternal empathic understanding in parenting behavior is discussed, as are potential implications for child outcomes.
International graduate students and the spread of English

: Because international graduate students often return to their native countries as educators, politicians, and business people, they have the potential to influence the spread of English, both directly and indirectly. Thus arises the question of whether they will be knowledgeable enough about language issues to make informed language policy decisions. Although the spread of English as an international language has generated much research, little has been done to consider the role these graduate students will play in such future policy making, or the role indirectly played by the universities they attend in forming these policies. This paper reports and interprets the results of an exploratory survey designed to discover how international graduate students think about and use English. In particular, the following aspects were considered: the functions and varieties of English, the worldwide role of English, and attitudes and changes in attitudes toward English. The research suggests that students tend to emphasize the instrumental role of English, to lack an awareness of issues such as the nativization of English, to support English as a world language largely because of inertia, and to hold more positive attitudes toward (American) English over time.
Access paths and testing in an ultra high-performance ATM switch

This paper discusses the architecture and testing of an ultra high performance 4-input, 4-output asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch that has been designed as part of the DARPA-sponsored "Thunder and Lightning" project at the University of California, Santa Barbara. This research project is focused on the design and prototype demonstration of ATM links and switches operating at or above 40 gigabits per second per link (TDM), with potential scalability to 100 Gbit/sec. Such aggressive link rates place severe requirements on switch architecture, particularly the buffering scheme. We discuss the access paths and test techniques used in the development and verification of this electronic ATM switch and describe reasons for the main design choices.
Should money follow the patient: Financial implication for being the National Centre for the Treatment and Management of Pelvic and Acetabular Fractures in Ireland

Abstract Background Pelvic and acetabular fractures are complex injuries requiring specialist treatment. Our institution is the National Centre for Treatment and Management of these injuries. Aim To audit all referrals to our institution over a 6-month period and calculate the cost incurred by being the national referral centre. Methods Retrospective review of database, and subsequent allocation of Casemix points to assess total cost of treatment for each patient referred to our institution. Results 103 patients referred with pelvic or acetabular fracture for operative management. The furthest referral distance was 181 miles. Over-all, the length of stay was 15.4 days. The average inclusive cost for a referral to our unit for operative management was €16,302. Conclusion Pelvic and acetabular fractures are complex injuries that require specialist referral unit management. However for these units to remain sustainable money needs to “follow the patient”.
Circuit simulation of adaptive resonance theory (ART) neural network using Pspice

Abstract This paper outlines the design and simulation of an analogue integrated circuit for the adaptive resonanace theory (ART1) neural network. The circuit is designed based on a set of coupled differential equations which describe the behaviour of the neural network and on analogue electronic components such as operational amplifiers. It performs the same functionality as the one-node neural network in the F2 layer of ART1. We have implemented and verified the circuit using a circuit simulator called Pspice run on a SPARC II Sun workstation. Results obtained from circuit simulation compare favourably with those calculated directly from the coupled differential equations. The one-node circuit developed here can be used as a subcircuit for a larger ARTI neural network with an arbitrary number of nodes.
Application of the Diffusion Model to Two-Choice Tasks for Adults 75−90 Years Old

The effects of aging on simple 2-choice decision making was investigated with the diffusion model (R. Ratcliff, 1978). Data for 75- to 90-year-olds were collected and compared with previous data from 60to 75-year-olds and college students for 5 tasks: a signal detection–like task, letter and brightness discrimination with masking, recognition memory, and lexical decision. The model fit the data well and therefore allows components of processing to be examined as a function of age. Compared with decision-making processes in college students, decision criteria and nondecision components of processing increased with participants’ age. However, the quality of the evidence on which decisions were based decreased with age only for letter and brightness discrimination.
Cygnus source emission

The Cygnus Dual Beam Radiographic Facility consists of two identical radiographic sources each with a dose rating of 4 Rads at 1 m, and a 1 mm diameter spot size. The development of the rod pinch diode was responsible for the ability to meet these criteria. The rod pinch diode in a Cygnus machine uses a small diameter anode rod, which extends through a cathode aperture. The electron beam born off the aperture edge can self-insulate and pinch onto the tip of the rod, creating an intense, small x-ray source. The Cygnus sources are utilized as the primary diagnostic on numerous experiments which include high-value, single-shot events. In such applications there is an emphasis on reliability and reproducibility. A shot-to-shot evaluation of the machine performance will be conducted and evaluated using two x-ray pinhole cameras.
Rhodopsin of the larval mosquito.

Larvae of the mosquito Aedes aegypti have a cluster of four ocelli on each side of the head. The visual pigment of each ocellus of mosquitoes reared in darkness was characterized by microspectrophotometry, and found to be the same. Larval mosquito rhodopsin (λmax = 515 nm) upon short irradiation bleaches to a stable photoequilibrium with metarhodopsin (λmax = 480 nm). On long irradiation of glutaraldehyde-fixed tissues or in the presence of potassium borohydride, bleaching goes further, and potassium borohydride reduces the product, retinal, to retinol (vitamin A1). In the presence of hydroxylamine, the rhodopsin bleaches rapidly, with conversion of the chromophore to retinaldehyde oxime (λmax about 365 nm).
Karl Barth and Anthropocentric Theology

There is no doubt that the writings of Karl Barth give evidence of a critical attitude to the anthropocentric theology of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This critical attitude springs both from the failure of nineteenthcentury theology to make significant inroads into the twentieth century due to the traumatic experience of the first World War, and from Barth's own tlieology as it developed in the post-war years through to the early 1960s. Hence, to expound the relationship between Karl Barth and anthropocentric theology is a two-sided task. On the one hand, his attitude to nineteenthcentury theology may be assessed from his investigations of the theologians of that period. On the other hand, this critical attitude must of necessity be related to and contrasted with his own theological development. In this article, I shall be concerned to examine his attitude to anthropocentric theology in the light of his own developing theology.
Preparation of long packed capillary columns using carbon dioxide slurries

A new, reproducible method is described for the preparation of highly efficient fused silica packed capillary columns using pressure programmed liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide to carry the packing material into the capillary. The method allows facile preparation of long, uniformly packed capillary columns capable of producing over 240,000 theoretical plates in SFC. Columns of up to 10 meters in length were prepared using LC packing materials of different chemical nature and particle size. The new method does not require a separate step for preparing the slurry, and it is free from the drawbacks inherent in conventional slurry-packing methods. The lower viscosity and surface tension of carbon dioxide compared to conventional slurry-forming liquids, as well as the use of ultrasonic vibration and pressure programming in the packing process, provide favorable conditions for achieving packing uniformity over greater column lengths than is achievable by other packing techniques. Proper restrictors and appropriate decompression rates during the use of these columns in SFC were found to be very important in achieving optimum column performance. In comparison to the use of open tubular columns, higher effciencies, greater sample capacities, and faster analysis speeds can be obtained. These advantageous features make the newly developed columns suitable for trace analysis, separation of very complex mixtures, and analysis of difficult-to-separate solutes.
Adaptive perspective ray casting

We present a method to accurately and efficiently perform perspective volumetric ray casting of uniform regular datasets, called Exponential-Region (ER) Perspective. Unlike previous methods which undersample, oversample, or approximate the data, our method near uniformly samples the data throughout the viewing volume. In addition, it gains algorithmic advantages from a regular sampling pattern and cache-coherent read access, making it an algorithm well suited for implementation on hardware architectures for volume rendering. We qualify the algorithm by its filtering characteristics and demonstrate its effectiveness by contrasting its antialiasing quality and timing with other perspective ray casting methods.
Arc carving: obtaining accurate, low latency maps from ultrasonic range sensors

In this paper we present a new technique for improving the azimuth resolution of ultrasonic range sensors frequently used with mobile robots. This improvement is achieved without a significant increase in the latency, or processing delay, of the system. Our approach decreases the azimuth uncertainty of a sensor reading by eliminating portions of the reading that are contradicted by subsequent readings. Our idea bears resemblance to space carving as used by the vision community, where a ray of light is used to define the boundaries of an obstacle. A sonar model similar to that commonly utilized by occupancy grids is used. Our method, termed arc carving, can be used to produce maps that are both accurate and with low enough latency for robust mobile robot navigation. Experimental results verify this approach over spaces as large as 5000 square meters.
Solutions to the minimization problem of fault-tolerant logic circuits

The optimization problem of a general approach for designing fault-tolerant circuits is investigated. The gate minimization problem is solved so that optimal design with respect to the numbers of gates and levels is obtained. The concept and properties of block design are used to formulate, solve for, and construct the optimal form. The gate minimization problem for a fault-tolerant circuit is formulated and a lower bound to the number of minimum gates for any design is established. For certain design parameters, explicit minimum solutions are given. When no minimum solution is found, sets of explicit block designs which produce near-minimum designs are characterized. In both cases, minimum and near-minimum algorithms which generate the blocks required to construct the logic for fault-tolerant circuits in linear times are devised. If a block design does not have any connection with the minimum or near-minimum classes, an approximation algorithm which generates near-minimum blocks in a polynomial time is suggested. >
Computing global extension modules

Abstract Let X be a projective scheme and let M and N be two coherent O X -modules. Given an integer m , we present an algorithm for computing the global extension module Ext X m ( M , N ). As a consequence, one may calculate the sheaf cohomology H m ( X , N ) and construct the sheaf corresponding to an element of the module Ext X 1 ( M , N ). This algorithm depends only on the computation of Grobner bases and syzygies and has been implemented in the computer algebra system Macaulay2.
Scaling Laws for the Ergodic Capacity of Hybrid Wireless Networks with Distributed Base Stations

This paper considers the problem of how the ergodic throughput capacity scales in hybrid wireless networks under the infrastructure mode. As opposed to the existing hybrid wireless networks in which the base station only serves individual cell area, the concept of distributed base stations (DBS) is introduced to achieve transmit/receive diversity in this paper. We model the hybrid wireless network with DBS as a multi- cell virtual MIMO system. In addition, a successive interference cancelation (SIC) strategy and the frequency reuse scheme are employed to limit the intra-cell interference and other-cell interference (OCI), respectively. The ergodic throughput capacity, which is an indicator of spectrum efficiency, is investigated over the independent but not identically distributed composite fast fading channels. It is analytically shown that compared to the traditional hybrid wireless network, the ergodic throughput capacity of hybrid wireless networks with DBS scales with gain with N×NBS.
Mechanistic Studies of Ammonia Borane Dehydrogenation Catalyzed by Iron Pincer Complexes

A series of iron bis(phosphinite) pincer complexes with the formula of [2,6-(iPr2PO)2C6H3]Fe(PMe2R)2H (R = Me, 1; R = Ph, 2) or [2,6-(iPr2PO)2-4-(MeO)C6H2]Fe(PMe2Ph)2H (3) have been tested for catalytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB). At 60 °C, complexes 1–3 release 2.3–2.5 equiv of H2 per AB in 24 h. Among the three iron catalysts, 3 exhibits the highest activity in terms of both the rate and the extent of H2 release. The initial rate for the dehydrogenation of AB catalyzed by 3 is first order in 3 and zero order in AB. The kinetic isotope effect (KIE) observed for doubly labeled AB (kNH3BH3/kND3BD3 = 3.7) is the product of individual KIEs (kNH3BH3/kND3BH3 = 2.0 and kNH3BH3/kNH3BD3 = 1.7), suggesting that B–H and N–H bonds are simultaneously broken during the rate-determining step. NMR studies support that the catalytically active species is an AB-bound iron complex formed by displacing trans PMe3 or PMe2Ph (relative to the hydride) by AB. Loss of NH3 from the AB-bound iron species as well as cat...
Sales Response as a Function of Territorial Potential and Sales Representative Workload

The results of this study of sales response functions in the retail apparel industry indicate that territorial potential and sales representative's workload are important predictors of sales. The f...
Manufactured Solutions for the Favre-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations with Eddy-Viscosity Turbulence Models

The Method of Manufactured Solutions is applied to verify the implementation of eddy viscosity turbulence models for closure of the Favre-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. In the Method of Manufactured Solutions, the governing equations are modied by the addition of source terms such that the exact solution|i.e., the manufactured solution|is known a priori. Given the exact solution, order of accuracy studies are conducted to verify that the discrete solution converges to the exact solution at the expected rate. The goal of this work is to verify the implementation of turbulence models in the Fully-Implicit NavierStokes ow solver. The turbulence model of interest for this work is the Spalart-Allmaras one-equation model, and two manufactured solutions have been examined. The rst solution is based on trigonometric functions, as commonly used in manufactured solution literature. This solution is appropriate for use in unbounded ows, enabling verication of the implementation of the free shear ow form of the model. The second solution has been newly developed in this work and is intended for use in wall-bounded ows. While other manufactured solutions for the Spalart-Allmaras model for wall-bounded ow have appeared in the literature, these solutions are shown to have features that make them illsuited to verication. To avoid such features, the wall-bounded solution developed here is loosely based on the behavior of the model solution in the inner portion of a zero-pressure boundary layer. Results obtained using both solutions show that the Fully-Implicit NavierStokes ow solver is achieving the expected second-order accuracy.
Adverse Reactions After Intravenous Iron Infusion Among Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients in the United States, 2010-2014.

Background Anemia is a frequent complication of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), collectively known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Intravenous (IV) iron is recommended as the initial therapy for patients with clinically active IBD, severe anemia, and intolerance to oral iron. IV iron is associated with serious adverse effects including a black box warning for anaphylaxis with iron dextran and ferumoxytol. We aimed to examine the occurrence of adverse reactions including anaphylaxis after IV iron infusions in a large database of US IBD patients. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis for encounters occurring between 2010 and 2014 in MarketScan, a US commercial claims database. We assessed the following adverse events: anaphylactic shock, bronchospasm, and hypotension among IBD patients receiving ferumoxytol, iron dextran, ferric gluconate, iron sucrose, and ferric carboxymaltose. We calculated the adverse event rate per 1000 infusions within 7 days of IV iron infusion. Results In our study cohort of 6151 IBD patients (38.4% UC), 37 168 IV iron infusions were given (median, 3 infusions). There were very few adverse events; only 1.3% of IBD patients experienced any adverse reaction. The incident rate per 1000 infusions for any adverse event among IBD patients was highest among those receiving ferumoxytol (2.54, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26-5.11), ferric gluconate (1.85; 95% CI, 1.03-3.35), iron sucrose (1.74; 95% CI, 1.09-2.78), and iron dextran (0.96; 95% CI, 0.43-2.13). There were 0.24 anaphylactic shock events per 1000 IV iron infusions. Conclusions About 1.3 of 100 IBD patients ever developed any adverse event. Because adverse reactions are rare, physicians should be encouraged to adhere to recommended guidelines for iron replacement among anemic IBD patients. 10.1093/ibd/izy063_video1izy063.video15768853346001.
Extraction of Tumor Features from Ultrasound Images for Diffused Optical Tomography Reconstruction

An advanced ultrasound segmentation algorithm is presented here that extracts breast lesion information for co-registered diffused optical tomography and inputs these parameters to improve reconstruction of lesion absorption maps.
STUDY ON THE GERMICIDAL EFFECT OF OXIDIZING REDUCTION POTENTIAL DISINFECTANT ON MOULD FUNGI

Objective To study the germicidal effect of a solid oxidizing reduction potential disinfectant( SORPD) on mould fungi. Methods The suspension quantitative fungicidal test was used to carry out laboratory study. Results The SORPD of the smallest packaging unit was dissolved in 1L of water to form the disinfectant solution with the available chlorine 2 200 mg / L and the redoxpotential 1 050 mV. The average killing logarithm values of Trichothecium roseum and Botrytis cinarea exposed to SORPD solution( containing available chlorine 15 mg / L) for 1 min and 3 min respectively were 5. 0. Conclusion The SORPD has strong killing effect on the mould fungi.