cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator sensing failure due to endocardial R wave electrical alternans.

Electrical Alternans and ICD Undersensing. A 71-year-old patient underwent routine single-chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) generator replacement. During defibrillation threshold testing, ventricular tachycardia was induced but the ICD failed twice to properly detect the tachycardia due to endocardial R wave alternans and sensing of every other beat. The problem was resolved by inserting a separate sensing/pacing lead positioned further away from the existing ICD lead.
Rapid dehalogenation of 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol at alkaline pH by an anaerobic enrichment culture

An enrichment culture, derived from the anaerobic stage of a two-step sequential anaerobic-aerobic reactor system which mineralized 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, stoichiometrically converted 2,4,6-trichlorophenol to 4-chlorophenol. Dehalogenation occurred only in alkaline media (pH 8-9) at concentrations of substrate up to 1 mmol 1 -1 . Formate plus acetate or trypticase could serve as electron donors. Neither vitamins nor trace elements were required in a chloride-free defined medium. The dehalogenating organism was oxygen-resistant, but was not active in media which were oxidized with respect to resazurin indicator dye. Most probable number counts of the dehalogenating cultures showed that the dehalogenating organisms were present in very small numbers, yet catalysed dehalogenation at rates considerably faster than other dehalogenating organisms described in the literature.
Effects of temperature and concentration on nutrient release rates from nutrient diffusing substrates

Nutrient diffusing substrates (NDS) are an important tool for evaluating periphyton nutrient limitation. The rate at which nutrients are released from NDS depends on both the initial nutrient concentration and the length of time that NDS are in place. Whether temperature also affects nutrient release rates from NDS is unclear. However, this information is important because temperature effects on release rates could confound experimental results for NDS-based experiments testing rates of accumulation of periphyton biomass when stream water temperature is variable. We measured N and P release rates from NDS vials with 3 initial concentrations (0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mol/L) of nutrients at 3 temperatures (4, 15, and 218C) for 21 d. Release rates of both nutrients were greater for vials with higher nutrient concentrations and for vials at warmer temperatures. For all concentrations, release rates decreased log linearly with time, a result that might have important implications for patterns of colonization and subsequent interspecific interactions within the periphyton community. In our opinion, temperature-caused differences in release rates are not biologically important because the differences were much smaller (3%) than expected changes in periphyton maximum growth rates over similar temperature ranges (;300%). Our results suggest that seasonal and site-related differences in temperature will not significantly affect nutrient release rates within the range of temperatures we tested, but researchers should consider nutrient concentration carefully when planning studies using NDS.
A note on radiative transfer

Abstract The formulation of radiative transfer problems with internal energy sources is discussed.
A surprising cause of abdominal pain and bloating

Question: A 54-year-old woman presented with diffuse, crampy, episodic abdominal pain present for several years but recently worsening. There was occasional localization to the right upper quadrant and it was exacerbated with eating. She had nausea without emesis, no change in bowel habits, and no improvement with bowel movements. She denied dyspnea and lower extremity edema. Her history includes sulfa-induced hepatitis in 1987 at which time a percutaneous biopsy was performed. She recovered fully and had no other history of liver injury. She presented with normal vital signs. Examination elicited a soft, diffusely tender, minimally distended abdomen without evidence of ascites. Bowel sounds were hyperactive, and a bruit was auscultated over the right upper quadrant. She had no jaundice or scleral icterus. There was no jugular venous distension, extra heart sounds, or lower extremity edema. Lungs were clear to auscultation. Laboratory investigation including complete blood count, lipase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and electrolytes were normal. Total bilirubin was 2.6 mg/dL, of which 2.0 mg/dL was unconjugated. Abdominal computed tomography obtained in urgent care (Figure A) showed a 4.5 3.2 5.3-cm, contrast-enhanced lesion in the periphery of the right hepatic lobe (arrow). Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography were performed. In T2-weighted sequencing (Figure B), MRI demonstrated contrast enhancement of hepatic artery (arrows) and vascular mass (arrowhead) in liver segment VIII. The celiac axis and hepatic artery were noted to be dilated to the same size as the common iliac arteries. T1 sequencing (Figure C) showed a 3.7 2.6-cm vascular mass in segment VII (arrow) and enhancement of the portal vein (arrowhead) during the arterial phase. Ultrasonography confirmed the vascular mass. There was hepatofugal flow in the portal vein. The liver echogenicity and echotexture were normal. The common bile duct was 4 mm. What is the diagnosis? Look on page 1165 for the answer and see the GASTROENTEROLOGY web site (www.gastrojournal.org) for more information on submitting your favorite image to Clinical Challenges and Images in GI.
The physics of the nonlinear optics of plasmas at relativistic intensities for short-pulse lasers

The nonlinear optics of plasmas at relativistic intensities are analyzed using only the physically intuitive processes of longitudinal bunching of laser energy, transverse focusing of laser energy, and photon acceleration, together with the assumption of conservation of photons, i.e., the classical action. All that is required are the well-known formula for the phase and group velocity of light in plasma, and the effects of the ponderomotive force on the dielectric function. This formalism is useful when the dielectric function of the plasma is almost constant in the frame of the light wave. This is the case for Raman forward scattering (RFS), envelope self-modulation (SM), relativistic self-focusing (SF), and relativistic self-phase modulation (SPM). In the past, the growth rates for RFS and SPM have been derived in terms of wave-wave interactions. Here we rederive all of the aforementioned processes in terms of longitudinal bunching, transverse focusing, and photon acceleration. As a result, the physical mechanisms behind each are made clear and the relationship between RFS and envelope SM is made explicitly clear. This allows a single differential equation to be obtained which couples RFS and SM, so that the relative importance between each process can now be predicted for given experimental conditions.
Colon cancer cell chemosensitisation by fish oil emulsion involves apoptotic mitochondria pathway.

Adjuvant use of safe compounds with anti-tumour properties has been proposed to improve cancer chemotherapy outcome. We aimed to investigate the effects of fish oil emulsion (FOE) rich in n-3 PUFA with the standard chemotherapeutic agents 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin (OX) or irinotecan (IRI) on two human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells with different genetic backgrounds. The HT-29 (Bax+/+) and LS174T (Bax− / −) cells were co-treated for 24–72 h with 1 μm-5-FU, 1 μm-OX or 10 μm-IRI and/or FOE dilution corresponding to 24 μm-EPA and 20·5 μm-DHA. Soyabean oil emulsion (SOE) was used as isoenergetic and isolipid control. Cell viability, apoptosis and nuclear morphological changes were evaluated by cytotoxic colorimetric assay, flow cytometry analysis with annexin V and 4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, respectively. A cationic fluorescent probe was used to evaluate mitochondrial dysfunction, and protein expression involved in mitochondrial apoptosis was determined by Western blot. In contrast to SOE, co-treatment with FOE enhanced significantly the pro-apoptotic and cytotoxic effects of 5-FU, OX or IRI in HT-29 but not in LS174T cells (two-way ANOVA, P <0·01). These results were confirmed by the formation of apoptotic bodies in HT-29 cells. A significant increase in mitochondrial membrane depolarisation was observed after the combination of 5-FU or IRI with FOE in HT-29 but not in LS174T cells (P <0·05). Co-administration of FOE with the standard agents, 5-FU, OX and IRI, could be a good alternative to increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutic protocols through a Bax-dependent mitochondrial pathway.
On Rado numbers for Σi =1m-1aixi=xm

For all integers m>=3 and all natural numbers a"1,a"2,...,a"m"-"1, let n=R(a"1,a"2,...,a"m"-"1) represent the least integer such that for every 2-coloring of the set {1,2,...,n} there exists a monochromatic solution to a"1x"1+a"2x"2+...+a"m"-"1x"m"-"1=x"m. Let t=min{a"1,a"2,...,a"m"-"1} and b=a"1+a"2+...+a"m"-"1-t. In this paper it is shown that whenever t=2, R(a"1,a"2,...,a"m"-"1)=2b^2+9b+8. It is also shown that for all values of t, R(a"1,a"2,...,a"m"-"1)>=tb^2+(2t^2+1)b+t^3.
Tracking the release of IPCC AR5 on Twitter: Users, comments, and sources following the release of the Working Group I Summary for Policymakers

Using the immediate release of the Working Group 1 Summary for Policymakers of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report as a case study, this article seeks to describe what type of actors were most active during the summary release, the substance of the most propagated tweets during the summary release, and the media sources that attracted the most attention during the summary release. The results from the study suggest that non-elite actors, such as individual bloggers and concerned citizens, accounted for the majority of the most propagated tweets in the sample. This study also finds that the majority of the most propagated tweets in the sample focused on public understanding of the report. Finally, while mainstream media sources were the most frequently discussed media sources, a number of new media and science news and information sources compete for audience attention.
The Simulation of Spirochetal Morphology by Fusiform Bacteria

oral spirochetes has led rather frequently to the suggestion of a generic connection. Thus, on morphological grounds, Sobel and Herrman1 in 1901 reported that they believed the "fusiform bacilli" and "Spirocheta vincenti" to be related. Weaver and Tunnicliff2 listed 5 workers who believed that the "fusiform bacilli" and "spirilla" associated with Vincent's infection were different forms of the same organism, and 6 who believed that they were not. Weaver and Tunnicliff, themselves, found nothing to suggest such a relationship. The first report that "spirillar forms" appear in pure cultures of fusiform bacteria was made by Tunnicliff,3 who noted such forms in certain of her old cultures. Since that time, almost every investigator in the field of oral bacteriology has either agreed or disagreed with her contention that "the bacilli and the spirilla are different forms of one organism." Extensive reviews of this question have been published by Tunnicliff,4 Pratt5 and Appleton.' The consensus of opinion seems to be that those workers who have noted spiral forms have probably not been dealing with pure cultures, and that ideas of a "life cycle" are erroneous. Nevertheless, it is true that most investigators who have cultivated members of the genus Fusiformis for any length of time have recorded the presence of spiral forms in their pure cultures. The writer7 has described in detail the results of a study of 67 strains of Fusiformis isolated from normal mouths, from cases of gingivitis and of Vincent's infection. During this study, attention was directed to a possible relationship of strains of Fusiformis and oral spirochetes. Preparations were made from cultures of Fusiformis grown on potato-extract agar, 5% rabbitblood agar (with and without gentian violet, 1 part in 5,000), ascitic fluid agar, Douglas' agar, Douglas' broth, Douglas' glucose broth, Douglas' glucose-ascitic fluid broth, and glucose-ascitic fluid agar slants. The preparations were stained by gentian violet and by the methods of Gram, Giemsa and Fontana. Motility tests were made by a cultural method8 and by dark-
Selecting Optimal Peptides for Targeted Proteomic Experiments in Human Plasma Using In Vitro Synthesized Proteins as Analytical Standards

In targeted proteomics, the development of robust methodologies is dependent upon the selection of a set of optimal peptides for each protein-of-interest. Unfortunately, predicting which peptides and respective product ion transitions provide the greatest signal-to-noise ratio in a particular assay matrix is complicated. Using in vitro synthesized proteins as analytical standards, we report here an empirically driven method for the selection of said peptides in a human plasma assay matrix.
Associations Between Cardiovascular Health and Health-Related Quality of Life, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2013.

Introduction The American Heart Association established 7 cardiovascular health metrics as targets for promoting healthier lives. Cardiovascular health has been hypothesized to play a role in individuals' perception of quality of life; however, previous studies have mostly assessed the effect of cardiovascular risk factors on quality of life. Methods Data were from the 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a state-based telephone survey of adults 18 years or older (N = 347,073). All measures of cardiovascular health and health-related quality of life were self-reported. The 7 ideal cardiovascular health metrics were normal blood pressure, cholesterol, body mass index, not having diabetes, not smoking, being physically active, and having adequate fruit or vegetable intake. Cardiovascular health was categorized into meeting 0-2, 3-5, or 6-7 ideal cardiovascular health metrics. Logistic regression models examined the association between cardiovascular health, general health status, and 3 measures of unhealthy days per month, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and annual income. Results Meeting 3 to 5 or 6 to 7 ideal cardiovascular health metrics was associated with a 51% and 79% lower adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) of fair/poor health, respectively (aPR = 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.47-0.50], aPR = 0.21, 95% CI [0.19-0.23]); a 47% and 72% lower prevalence of ≥14 physically unhealthy days (aPR = 0.53, 95% CI [0.51-0.55], aPR = 0.28, 95% CI [0.26-0.20]); a 43% and 66% lower prevalence of ≥14 mentally unhealthy days (aPR = 0.57, 95% CI [0.55-0.60], aPR = 0.34, 95% CI [0.31-0.37]); and a 50% and 74% lower prevalence of ≥14 activity limitation days (aPR = 0.50, 95% CI [0.48-0.53], aPR = 0.26, 95% CI [0.23-0.29]) in the past 30 days. Conclusion Achieving a greater number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics may be associated with less impairment in health-related quality of life.
Mechanistic characterization of nitrite-mediated neuroprotection after experimental cardiac arrest.

Nitrite acts as an ischemic reservoir of nitric oxide (NO) and a potent S-nitrosating agent which reduced histologic brain injury after rat asphyxial cardiac arrest (ACA). The mechanism(s) of nitrite-mediated neuroprotection remain to be defined. We hypothesized that nitrite-mediated brain mitochondrial S-nitrosation accounts for neuroprotection by reducing reperfusion reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Nitrite (4 μmol) or placebo was infused IV after normothermic (37°C) ACA in randomized, blinded fashion with evaluation of neurologic function, survival, brain mitochondrial function, and ROS. Blood and CSF nitrite were quantified using reductive chemiluminescence and S-nitrosation by biotin switch. Direct neuroprotection was verified in vitro after 1 and 4 h neuronal oxygen glucose deprivation measuring neuronal death with inhibition studies to examine mechanism. Mitochondrial ROS generation was quantified by live neuronal imaging using mitoSOX. Nitrite significantly reduced neurologic disability after ACA. ROS generation was reduced in brain mitochondria from nitrite- versus placebo-treated rats after ACA with congruent preservation of brain ascorbate and reduction of ROS in brain sections using immuno-spin trapping. ATP generation was maintained with nitrite up to 24 h after ACA. Nitrite rapidly entered CSF and increased brain mitochondrial S-nitrosation. Nitrite reduced in vitro mitochondrial superoxide generation and improved survival of neurons after oxygen glucose deprivation. Protection was maintained with inhibition of soluble guanylate cyclase but lost with NO scavenging and ultraviolet irradiation. Nitrite therapy results in direct neuroprotection from ACA mediated by reductions in brain mitochondrial ROS in association with protein S-nitrosation. Neuroprotection is dependent on NO and S-nitrosothiol generation, not soluble guanylate cyclase.
Is the Academic Center Shifting to Asia

The West, and most recently the United States, has led the scientific and technological revolution(s) of the last two centuries, and many expect this situation to continue. But there are new challenges to Western supremacy. Perhaps the most newsworthy are those relating to national security from nuclear proliferation and internet instability. However, there is also the possibility that the West, and especially the United States, may be “slipping across the board” relative to new Asian players.
Molecular lock regulates binding of glycine to a primitive NMDA receptor

The earliest metazoan ancestors of humans include the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi. The genome of this comb jelly encodes homologs of vertebrate ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) that are distantly related to glycine-activated NMDA receptors and that bind glycine with unusually high affinity. Using ligand-binding domain (LBD) mutants for electrophysiological analysis, we demonstrate that perturbing a ctenophore-specific interdomain Arg-Glu salt bridge that is notably absent from vertebrate AMPA, kainate, and NMDA iGluRs greatly increases the rate of recovery from desensitization, while biochemical analysis reveals a large decrease in affinity for glycine. X-ray crystallographic analysis details rearrangements in the binding pocket stemming from the mutations, and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the interdomain salt bridge acts as a steric barrier regulating ligand binding and that the free energy required to access open conformations in the glycine-bound LBD is largely responsible for differences in ligand affinity among the LBD variants.
Standing activity intervention and motor function in a young child with cerebral palsy: A case report.

ABSTRACTPurpose: There is limited evidence to fully justify the use of standing interventions for children with cerebral palsy (CP). This case report describes the impact of an 8-week standing program on motor function in a child with severe CP living in western Africa. Methods: The subject was diagnosed with ischemic – hypoxic encephalopathy shortly after birth and with CP at 12 months of age. Gross Motor Function Classification of CP was level IV. Early attempts at physical therapy were interrupted by limited access to medical services. At 18 months, a standing program using a locally constructed standing frame was initiated. The standing intervention was completed at home 5 times a week for 8 weeks. Motor skills were assessed at baseline and post-intervention using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66). Results: Scores on the GMFM-66 increased from 28 at baseline to 37.4 in 8 weeks. Improvements in motor function included improved head control, improved upper extremity function, and increased sitt...
Degrasyn-Induced Trafficking of BCR-ABL as a Novel Mechanism of Kinase Inactivation.

Inhibitors that inactivate specific tyrosine kinases have proven to be a very effective form of therapy of many leukemias and hematopoetic disorders. Most inhibitors function by competing for the ATP-binding pocket or by preventing association with protein substrates. However, clinical and molecular studies have shown that small changes in the structure of the target kinase (point mutations, post-translational modification) affect inhibitor binding affinities, resulting in resistance to this class of inhibitor. Therefore, development of agents that reduce the activity of leukemogenic kinases through alternate mechanisms are of great interest. We previously described a novel class of compounds, termed degrasyns, which reduced BCR-ABL (and Jak2) kinase activity through a unique mechanism. Degrasyn treatment of CML or BaF3 cells expressing wild-type or mutant (T315I) BCR-ABL resulted in a reduction of cytoplasmic BCR-ABL protein levels and loss of downstream signaling without a direct effect on BCR-ABL enzymatic activity. Biochemical studies demonstrated that degrasyn induced a rapid translocation of BCR-ABL from the cytosol to the cytoskeletal fraction (complete within 60 min) and this event correlated with loss of BCR-ABL signaling and initiation of apoptosis. A GFP-fusion protein composed of wild-type or T315I mutant BCR-ABL demonstrated that degrasyn induced high density translocation to the cytoskeletal fraction, as determined by direct fluorescence imaging. Translocation was specific for BCR-ABL and not other kinases (except Jak2) or signaling proteins. Translocation correlated with degrasyn-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of a subset of specific proteins, including the tyrosine kinase Lyn, in the insoluble cellular fraction. CML cells expressing high levels of Lyn were more sensitive to degrasyn-mediated apoptosis suggesting that Lyn plays a role in degrasyn activity. Together these results suggest that degrasyn inactivates BCR-ABL by inducing its translocation to a cellular compartment that prevents its participation in oncogenic signaling. Degrasyn-induced BCR-ABL translocation was not effected by mutations that block dasatinib and imatinib activity and shows greater activity against some forms of imatinib resistance (Lyn overexpression). Animal studies demonstrated that degrasyn has anti-leukemic activity and functions through a unique mechanism of action. Development of inhibitors with this mode of action may be of significance for CML patients that fail therapy with ATP-binding pocket-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
TOWNSEND, Nicholas W., THE PACKAGE DEAL; Marriage. Work and Fatherhood in Men’s Lives

TOWNSEND, Nicholas W., THE PACKAGE DEAL; Marriage. Work and Fatherhood in Men's Lives. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2002, 264 pp., $19.95 softcover and $64.50 hardcover.Contemporary North American culture, like post-industrial cultures elsewhere, imbues its members with time honoured beliefs and cultural meanings while simultaneously requiring cultural and vocational leaps of faith into uncharted territory. Social and technological changes are measured in years rather than decades, denying a sense of perspective before more leaping is required. Focusing on men's lives, Nickolas Townsend explores how men go about making life course decisions. The Package Deal, in Townsend's words: [is] "...directed at understanding a framework of cultural meanings through which men make sense of their actions, circumstances, and relationships as sons, husbands, and fathers." A social anthropologist by training, Townsend's perspective is informed by the work of the French Sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, with his emphasis on contradictory and conflicting goals, methods and differential access to resources.*For Townsend's Northern California working and middle class men, change has often rendered obscure already ambiguous cultural clues, symbols and influences as to how they should pursue life choices. Coming of age in the early 1970s, their childhood and adolescent years witnessed the transformation of previously semi-rural, agricultural towns turned postwar baby boom communities, into a decentralized urban centre built on Cold War defence spending. As Townsend found, the more recent intrusion of Silicon Valley and its new high tech industries promises further transformation. Townsend, English by birth and early education, spent 12 years in the environs of Meadowview, the pseudonym of this community, and provides readers with a creditable sense of place.Relying on in-depth interviews and his own observations, Townsend stakes out the relationship between marriage, work, home ownership, and fatherhood as the focus of his study. If the first three areas are of interest in themselves, it is the perspective of men's lives and fatherhood that ties them all together. Sitting in their living rooms and in other venues, these men, sometimes with spouses present, are asked to compare their original life plans (even ones never consciously articulated) against their present lives, as well as to reflect on the relationships that bind them to others. Readers are reminded that there are often his and lier marriages - and compromises that make a single union. …
Cross-Flow Response of Piles Due to Ocean Waves

Dynamic response of continuous structures due to ocean wave forces is investigated. The wave forces induced by vortex shedding are considered. The fluctuating wave velocity field is taken as a stationary Gaussian random process with mean zero. The modal time-domain approach is used for response calculations where the wave velocity field and generalized random forces are simulated on a digital computer. Numerical results are presented to show the significance of vortex shedding generated random forces on structural response.
Biomarkers to Stratify Risk Groups among Children with Malnutrition in Resource-Limited Settings and to Monitor Response to Intervention

Despite global efforts to reduce childhood undernutrition, current interventions have had little impact on stunting and wasting, and the mechanisms underlying growth faltering are poorly understood. There is a clear need to distinguish populations of children most likely to benefit from any given intervention and to develop tools to monitor response to therapy prior to the development of morbid sequelae. In resource-limited settings, environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is common among children, contributing to malnutrition and increasing childhood morbidity and mortality risk. In addition to EED, early alterations in the gut microbiota can adversely affect growth through nutrient malabsorption, altered metabolism, gut inflammation, and dysregulation of the growth hormone axis. We examined the evidence linking EED and the gut microbiome to growth faltering and explored novel biomarkers to identify subgroups of children at risk of malnutrition due to underlying pathology. These and other biomarkers could be used to identify specific groups of children at risk of malnutrition and monitor response to targeted interventions.
Chelation-directed C-H activation/C-C bond forming reactions catalyzed by Pd(ii) nanoparticles supported on multiwalled carbon nanotubes.

Chelation-directed C–H activation/C–C bond forming reactions utilizing homogeneous palladium(II) and the Pd(II)/Pd(IV) catalytic cycle have been previously reported. Here we report the first use of a solid-supported Pd(II) catalyst [Pd(II) nanoparticles on multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Pd(II)/MWCNT] to carry out C–H activation/C–C bond forming reactions. The results presented demonstrate that the solid-supported Pd(II)/MWCNT catalyst can effectively catalyze these arylation reactions using the Pd(II)/Pd(IV) catalytic cycle. We also show that the solid-supported catalyst is recyclable, has turnover frequencies up to 2.9-fold higher than the homogeneous catalyst, and results in low levels of residual palladium contamination in the products.
Methods to analyze big data in pharmacogenomics research

The scale and scope of pharmacogenomics research continues to expand as the cost and efficiency of molecular data generation techniques advance. These new technologies give rise to enormous opportunity for the identification of important genetic and genomic factors important for drug treatment response. With this opportunity come significant challenges. Most of these can be categorized as 'big data' issues, facing not only pharmacogenomics, but other fields in the life sciences as well. In this review, we describe some of the analysis techniques and tools being implemented for genetic/genomic discovery in pharmacogenomics.
Multiplication Factor of Uranium Metal by One-Velocity Monte Carlo Calculations*

A method is described for predicting the neutron multiplication factors of geometrically complicated configurations of unreflected unmoderated enriched-uranium metal from the results of two delayed...
Protease Inhibitors and Pancreatic Carcinogenesis

In the United States, pancreatic cancer is the fifth most common cause of death due to cancer, claiming over 25,000 lives annually (Silverberg and Lubera, 1989). Males are at a slightly higher risk than females (1.5:1) and for both sexes, the age-adjusted death rates have shown a steady increase from 1930 to 1970. Usually, diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is late in the course of disease development, thus precluding effective treatment. The mean survival following diagnosis is 4 to 6 months and the 5-year survival rate is one of the worst of any cancer being less than 5% of cases (Mack, 1982).
Experimental study of antenna characteristic effects on doppler radar performance

This paper presents an experimental study to evaluate the effects of antenna radiation parameters on the detection capabilities of a 2.4 GHz Doppler radar used in non-contact vibrometer systems. Four different types of patch antennas and array configurations are implemented on both the transmitter and receiver sides of the system. Extensive experiments using a linear actuator and a metal plate are performed and several interesting and nontrivial results are reported. The optimized antenna configuration is shown to result in the highest signal quality and system performance.
Myosin-1c promotes E-cadherin tension and force-dependent recruitment of α-actinin to the epithelial cell junction

Actomyosin II contractility in epithelial cell plays an essential role in tension-dependent adhesion strengthening. One key unsettling question is how cellular contraction transmits force to the nascent cell-cell adhesion when there is no stable attachment between the nascent adhesion complex and actin filament. Here, we show that myosin-1c is localized to the lateral membrane of polarized epithelial cells and facilitates the coupling between actin and cell-cell adhesion. Knockdown of myosin-1c compromised the integrity of the lateral membrane, reduced the generation of tension at E-cadherin, decreased the strength of cell-cell cohesion in an epithelial cell monolayer and prevented force-dependent recruitment of junctional α-actinin. Application of exogenous force to cell-cell adhesions in a myosin-1c-knockdown cell monolayer fully rescued the localization defect of α-actinin, indicating that junction mechanoregulation remains intact in myosin-1c-depleted cells. Our study identifies a role of myosin-1c in force transmission at the lateral cell-cell interface and underscores a non-junctional contribution to tension-dependent junction regulation.
Mills, Charles Wright (1916–62)

Charles Wright Mills was one of the most famous American sociologists of the mid-twentieth century. A public political intellectual, he wrote about the moral uneasiness of the post-War era. Mills's major works include a treatise on social psychology, a trilogy on the American class structure and power system, mass-market paperbacks on nuclear war and the Cuban Revolution, and his most famous book on the sociological imagination. In Mills's view, freedom and reason were being threatened in post-War America. He believed that through a particular way of thinking – what he called the ‘sociological imagination’ – individuals can better understand the meaning of their epoch for their own lives, and also become active participants in history making.
Buddhist Totality and Buddhist Emptiness

In the past chapters sporadic allusion has been made to the process of “complementarity” as it deploys itself within the infinitesimal realm of subatomic structures. Quantum mechanics and the relativity theory have confirmed that no component of the atom can be adequately understood or explained except through the “totality” of its relations to all other components. Buddhism purports that this claim must be evinced also in regard to the macrocosmic universe and to the human consciousness which this universe houses. As language embodiments of a self-expressing reality, no Buddhist school, no Buddhist founder, no Buddhist thinker can be thoroughly understood except within the “totality” of their relations to one another and within the process of complementarity which has produced a historical view of existence such as that which is called Buddhism. No singular milestone in the history of Buddhist thought - including the Buddha himself - can be considered a totalitarian source of authority in the expression of truth. The “totalitarian” attitude is the disease of dismembered perspectives, each one claiming apodicticity for its own cornered vision.
Beyond Traditional Paradigms in Disparities Research

Recently several researchers have hypothesized pathways that attempt to explain how the sociobehavioral environment is related to health and health disparities (Acheson, 1998; Adler & Ostrove, 1999; Baum, Garofalo, & Yali, 1999; Birch, 1999; Capitman, Bhalotra, Calderon-Rosado, & Gibbons, 2003; Fuhrer et al., 2002; Macintyre, 1997; Macintyre, Ellaway, & Cummins, 2002; Williams, 1999). Historically these conceptual frameworks have formed a solid foundation upon which science has been built. Upon review of these frameworks, it is possible to make at least three general observations. The first is the lack of depth to which they integrate our present understanding of the biology of disease, particularly at the cellular and molecular levels. With the exception of those pathways based on stress (neuroimmunological) mechanisms, the published frameworks in the behavioral sciences and epidemiological literature largely lack clearly stated, causal biologic connections to observed health outcomes (Acheson; Adler & Ostrove; Evans & Stoddart, 1990; LaLonde, 1981; Macintyre; Williams). On the other hand, the biologically oriented formulations poorly account for socioenvironmental and behavioral effect modifiers that may affect the pathogenesis of disease and the development of health disparities (Burger & Gimelfarb, 1999; Meyer & Breitner, 1998; Phillips & Belknap, 2002; Sharma, 1998). Secondly, the terminology used to characterize the effects of causal agents are poorly standardized with substantial blurring of concepts derived from toxicology, biostatistics, epidemiology, sociology (Baron & Kenny, 1986), and the clinical/ bench sciences (Minamoto, Mai, & Ronai, 1999; Stucker et al., 2002). Across these fields, the terms cause, mediator, moderator, regulator, effector, interaction and mechanism of action have vastly different meanings, which may not be readily apparent to all investigators. For example epidemiologists and statisticians tend to use the terms mediators and moderators to describe distinct aspects of an observed association between two independent variables, largely without reference to the
Building Digital Literacy Bridges: Connecting Cultures and Promoting Global Citizenship in Elementary Classrooms through School-Based Virtual Field Trips

Students deepen their content knowledge and collaborative skills as they interact with others across the globe. In order to deepen early childhood students’ awareness and understanding of the world, teachers worked with their classes to develop and share school-based virtual field trips. The researcher sought to (a) identify the steps to create a school-based virtual field trip, and (b) understand how virtual field trips can promote global and/or content understandings. Qualitative results reveal that the steps taken to create a trip varied by grade. Students were motivated to teach other students about their school and were able to learn about different cultures. A variety of literacy skills were also utilized in the virtual field trips.
Shifting Stereotypes of Welfare Recipients Can Reverse Racial Biases in Support for Wealth Redistribution

When people imagine welfare recipients, research indicates that they often imagine lazy, Black Americans who are perpetually dependent on government assistance. In the present work, we investigate ...
Generation, expression and utilization of single-domain antibodies for in vivo protein localization and manipulation in sea urchin embryos

Single-domain antibodies, also known as nanobodies, are small antigen-binding fragments (~15kDa) that are derived from heavy chain only antibodies present in camelids (VHH, from camels and llamas), and cartilaginous fishes (VNAR, from sharks). Nanobody V-like domains are useful alternatives to conventional antibodies due to their small size, and high solubility and stability across many applications. In addition, phage display, ribosome display, and mRNA/cDNA display methods can be used for the efficient generation and optimization of binders in vitro. The resulting nanobodies can be genetically encoded, tagged, and expressed in cells for in vivo localization and functional studies of target proteins. Collectively, these properties make nanobodies ideal for use within echinoderm embryos. This chapter describes the optimization and imaging of genetically encoded nanobodies in the sea urchin embryo. Examples of live-cell antigen tagging (LCAT) and the manipulation of green fluorescent protein (GFP) are shown. We discuss the potentially transformative applications of nanobody technology for probing membrane protein trafficking, cytoskeleton re-organization, receptor signaling events, and gene regulation during echinoderm development.
Dynamic Changes In EEG Coherence During Cardiac Arrest And Resuscitation In A Rodent Model That Mimics A Neuro-Intensive Care Unit (S42.001)

Objective: To better understand neurological phenomena during loss of consciousness surrounding cardiac arrest as well as after resuscitation and recovery, enabling better prognostication and opportunities to improve outcome. Background: Electroencephalogram (EEG) synchronization and coherence has been shown to 1) transiently rise during impending cardiac arrest and has been implicated in near-death experience, and 2) correlate with early recovery from CA in comatose patients. However, a detailed EEG-based time-frequency connectivity analysis during CA induction and the post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) recovery period has not been performed. Design/Methods: In this study, male Wistar rats underwent 8 minutes of asphyxial CA followed by CPR. EEG coherence dynamics were analyzed during the minutes surrounding CA induction as well as at 4, 24, 48, and 72 hours following CPR. A rodent model using intracranial EEG electrodes facilitated the investigation of faster gamma frequencies of up to 150 Hz. Results: During impending CA, when EEG has almost reached electrocerebral silence, we found a large transient increase in coherence between the left and right frontal lobes in the beta and slow gamma EEG bands. Then, at 4 hours post-CPR, delta coherence increased and alpha coherence decreased, while at 24 hours post-CA beta coherence increased. Alpha, slow gamma, and ultra fast gamma (120–150 Hz) frequencies exhibited sustained changes in coherence following CA. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that rapid rises in EEG coherence can occur during impending cardiac arrest when the EEG has nearly reached electrocerebral silence. Moreoever, after CPR, acute and sustained EEG coherence dynamics, including sustained faster frequency changes, may allow us to predict the stage of recovery after brain injury in our preclinical model. To improve current quantitative EEG algorithms utilized in clinical practice, future studies will target faster frequency EEG coherence as a predictor of long-term outcome. Study Supported by: NIH KL2 grant (5KL2TR000147) to Y.A. via NCATS UL1 TR000153 NIH Trailblazer R21 grant (1R21EB024793-01) to Y.A. Disclosure: Dr. Akbari has nothing to disclose. Dr. Siu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lee has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lee has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bazrafkan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Alcocer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Maki has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hosseini has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wilson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lopour has nothing to disclose.
Chinese Consumers’ Adoption Behaviors Toward Virtual Fitting Rooms: From the Perspective of Technology Acceptance Model

Following the Technology Adoption Model, this study examined factors influencing Chinese consumers’ adoption intention towards virtual fitting rooms. Specifically, the following factors were examined: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived enjoyment. Additionally, the influence of two personality traits, fashion leadership and technology anxiety, was also investigated. An online survey was distributed to 474 Chinese consumers to collect data for this study. Descriptive analyses, comparative analyses (independent T-test) and regression analyses were conducted to test the proposed conceptual model regarding Chinese consumers’ adoption intention towards virtual fitting rooms. The results suggested that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived enjoyment had significantly positive influences on Chinese consumers’ adoption intention towards virtual fitting rooms. While no moderating effect was identified, significant influence was revealed from the two personality traits on consumers’ perceptions and their adoption intentions.
Benign Epithelial Lesions—Craniopharyngiomas and Cysts

While older literature placed significant emphasis on distinguishing craniopharyngiomas from other cystic epithelial lesions, and more recent literature has stressed the importance of subclassifying craniopharyngiomas into adamantinomatous and papillary subtypes, the amalgamated experience with this group of lesions indicates that they behave in a fairly homogeneous and predictable manner: if they are totally removed, the patient is cured. If not, they will continue to grow, leading to clinical “recurrence.”
Retrospective analysis of HEART Score results in cost saving.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chest pain (CP) is one of the most frequent chief complaints of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). Diagnoses range from life-threatening acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to less concerning musculoskeletal injury. Patients are frequently admitted for comprehensive cardiac evaluation. However, it is estimated that <10% are diagnosed with ACS. Identifying low-risk patients who can be safely discharged from the ED results in lower cost burden and less patient days. The HEART Score is a recently validated tool for undifferentiated CP in the ED used to identify low-risk patients. The purpose of this project was to ascertain if the HEART Score could be utilized in the Veteran population for the evaluation of undifferentiated chest pain. LOCAL PROBLEM There is no standard assessment tool used in the ED at the Veterans Administration Pittsburgh Healthcare System (VAPHS) to evaluate CP in low-risk patents. METHODS As part of a quality improvement initiative, a retrospective analysis was performed on patients presenting to the ED with CP over a 6-month period. A total of 197 VAPHS patients were identified through the computerized medical record system. HEART Scores were calculated for each patient. Patients scored as low risk (score of 0-3) were further evaluated for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and cost saving. CONCLUSIONS Approximately 28% (56) of the patients presenting to the ED with CP were at low risk based on the HEART Score. There were no MACE. There were cost savings compared with usual care ($1,145 vs. $4,700). IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The HEART Score can be safely used to identify low-risk patients and result in cost savings for Veteran population.
Serious Illness and End‐of‐Life Treatments for Nurses Compared with the General Population

OBJECTIVES As key team members caring for people with advanced illness, nurses teach patients and families about managing their illnesses and help them to understand their options. Our objective was to determine if nurses' personal healthcare experience with serious illness and end-of-life (EOL) care differs from the general population as was shown for physicians. DESIGN Observational propensity-matched cohort study. SETTING Fee-for-service Medicare. PARTICIPANTS Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and a random 20% national sample of Medicare beneficiaries aged 66 years or older with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) or congestive heart failure (CHF) diagnosed in the hospital. MEASUREMENTS Characteristics of care during the first year after diagnosis and the last 6 months of life (EOL). RESULTS Among 57 660 NHS participants, 7380 had ADRD and 5375 had CHF; 3227 ADRD patients and 2899 CHF patients subsequently died. Care patterns in the first year were similar for NHS participants and the matched national sample: hospitalization rates, emergency visits, and preventable hospitalizations were no different in either disease. Ambulatory visits were slightly higher for NHS participants than the national sample with ADRD (13.1 vs 12.5 visits; P < .01) and with CHF (13.7 vs 12.5; P < .001). Decedents in the NHS and national sample had similar acute care use (hospitalization and emergency visits) in both diseases, but those with ADRD were less likely to use life-prolonging treatments such as mechanical ventilation (10.9% vs 13.5%; P = .001), less likely to die in a hospital with a stay in the intensive care unit (10.4% vs 12.1%; P = .03), and more likely to use hospice (58.9% vs 54.8%; P < .001). CHF at the EOL results were similar. CONCLUSIONS Nurses with newly identified serious illness experience similar care as the general Medicare population. However, at EOL, nurses are more likely to choose less aggressive treatments than the patients for whom they care. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1582-1589, 2019.
D)evolving attitudes toward late onset hypogonadism.

Although chemotherapy is no complete substitute for psychotherapy in the treatment of impotence of the male patient, nevertheless, in cases where psychologic and/or somatic failure plays a role as etiologic agent then indeed chemotherapy is indicated. —T. Jakobovits