cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Outcome of Radioactive Synoviorthesis in Haemophiliac Arthropathy

Purpose of the Study: Spontaneous intraarticular haemorrhages are the most frequent bleeding episodes encountered in the haemophiliac population, causing pain, joint deformity and arthropathy. Chronic haemophiliac arthropathy is characterised by persistent joint swelling, proliferative synovitis, and damage to or loss of articular cartilage. Elimination of the synovitis is the key to prevention of recurrent intraarticular haemorrhages and joint damage. The purpose of the study was to investigate the indications for, and outcome of, radioactive synoviorthesis for haemophiliac arthropathy. Methods: A retrospective study was done to assess the results of 12 intra-articular injections of radioactive Yttrium-90 colloid, performed in 10 patients from November 1993 to December 2006. Patients were referred by the Haematology Unit if they had a target joint, as defined as >2 bleeds into the same joint in the preceding 6 months. Follow up was conducted at 6 monthly intervals, assessing clinical and radiological outcomes. The radiological involvement of the target joint, the pre- and post-treatment range of movement, presence of synovitis and bleeding events were compared from presentation to that at follow up. Range of movement of each target joint was assessed and compared to that at follow-up. Results: The average age at time of injection was 10.6 years (range 6–15). The duration of follow-up was 35 months (range 6 to 60 months). The involved joints had an average of 2 bleeds each in the 6 months preceding the injection (24 events). Following Yttrium injection only 1 out of 12 joints had a bleed in the subsequent 6 months (1 event). Synovitis of the target joint resolved in 11 of 12 joints. Nine target joints (75%) showed a favourable improvement in range of movement. Those with a favourable radiological score had a better clinical outcome, but even those with a poor score showed improvement. Conclusion: In this study, intra-articular injection of radioactive Yttrium-90 colloid was shown to: –Significantly reduce bleeding events in a Haemophiliac cohort –Resolve synovitis in 11 out of 12 joints with haemophiliac arthropathy –Improve range of movement in the majority of patients –This was best in those with a better radiological appearance at presentation. –Those with a poorer radiological grade also showed some improvement suggesting that while results are less certain, patients may still benefit from the intervention.
Color-kinematic duality in ABJM theory without amplitude relations

We explicitly show that the Bern–Carrasco–Johansson color-kinematic duality holds at tree level through at least eight points in Aharony–Bergman–Jafferis–Maldacena theory with gauge group SU(N) × SU(N). At six points we give the explicit form of numerators in terms of amplitudes, displaying the generalized gauge freedom that leads to amplitude relations. However, at eight points no amplitude relations follow from the duality, so the diagram numerators are fixed unique functions of partial amplitudes. We provide the explicit amplitude-numerator decomposition and the numerator relations for eight-point amplitudes.
Emerging Trends and Applications of Light Field Displays

What if your mobile phone’s display would correct your vision deficiency instead of your glasses? Light field display technology can assess and correct the user’s vision. In this talk, we discuss a wide range of unconventional applications that are facilitated by light field technology, a novel inexpensive computational display technology. Light field displays are expected to be “the future of 3D displays”, although many believe that the recent hype about stereoscopic 3D displays is over. One reason why the consumers haven’t widely adopted 3D television can be the lack of a unique or useful enhancement of the 2D viewing experience. Wetzstein discusses why it is believed that a new technology - light field displays - delivering an experience that consumers haven’t adopted in the past will work in the future. The talk begins with a short historical review of light field displays and recent trends towards compressive light field display, followed by a discussion of applications in projection systems, vision assessment and correction, wearable displays, and a brief comparison to holography. Article not available.
Impact of pore size on competitive adsorption of phenolic compounds

Single and binary solute adsorption of phenol and o-cresol at 23°C on three activated carbons with different pore size were conducted in this study. One granular activated carbon (GAC) F400 and two activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were considered. Anoxic (absence of molecular oxygen) and oxic (presence of molecular oxygen) conditions were evaluated. For the single solute system, the three adsorbents studied have shown higher adsorptive capacities under oxic conditions as compared to anoxic conditions. The degree of adsorption enhancement was related to the pore size of the adsorbent. For binary adsorption on ACC-10, which has the least average pore size (1.76 nm), the oxic and anoxic adsorption isotherms overiapped, indicating no impact of the presence of molecular oxygen on the adsorptive capacity. Significant differences on adsorptive capacities were noticed for the binary solute adsorption on ACC-15 (2.10 nm) and F400 (2.48 nm). The Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory (IAST) predicted well all binary systems for ACC-10 and anoxic isotherms on ACC-15 and F400. Poor model predictions for GAC and ACC-15 under oxic conditions were attributed to the oligomerization of the adsorbates on the surface of activated carbon. The unique pore size of ACFs has been shown to be a limiting factor in hampering the oligomerization under oxic conditions.
Aeroelastic Ground Wind Loads Analysis Tool for Launch Vehicles

Launch vehicles are exposed to ground winds during rollout and on the launch pad that can induce static and dynamic loads. Of particular concern are the dynamic loads caused by vortex shedding from nearly-cylindrical structures. When the frequency of vortex shedding nears that of a lowly-damped structural mode, the dynamic loads can be more than an order of magnitude greater than mean drag loads. Accurately predicting vehicle response to vortex shedding during the design and analysis cycles is difficult and typically exceeds the practical capabilities of modern computational fluid dynamics codes. Therefore, mitigating the ground wind loads risk typically requires wind-tunnel tests of dynamically-scaled models that are time consuming and expensive to conduct. In recent years, NASA has developed a ground wind loads analysis tool for launch vehicles to fill this analytical capability gap in order to provide predictions for prelaunch static and dynamic loads. This paper includes a background of the ground wind loads problem and the current state-of-the-art. It then discusses the history and significance of the analysis tool and the methodology used to develop it. Finally, results of the analysis tool are compared to wind-tunnel and full-scale data of various geometries and Reynolds numbers.
Biogenetically-inspired total synthesis of epidithiodiketopiperazines and related alkaloids.

ConspectusNatural products chemistry has historically been the prime arena for the discovery of new chemical transformations and the fountain of insights into key biological processes. It remains a fervent incubator of progress in the fields of chemistry and biology and an exchange mediating the flow of ideas between these allied fields of science. It is with this ethos that our group has taken an interest in and pursued the synthesis of a complex family of natural products termed the dimeric epipolythiodiketopiperazine (ETP) alkaloids. We present here an Account of the highly complex target molecules to which we pegged our ambitions, our systematic and relentless efforts toward those goals, the chemistry we developed in their pursuit, and the insight we have gained for their translational potential as potent anticancer molecules.The dimeric ETP alkaloids are fungal metabolites that feature a highly complex molecular architecture comprising a densely functionalized core structure with many stereogenic cen...
Catalytic stereospecific allyl-allyl cross-coupling of internal allyl electrophiles with AllylB(pin).

Application of internal electrophiles in catalytic stereospecific allyl–allyl cross-coupling enable the rapid construction of multisubstituted 1,5-dienes, including those with all carbon quaternary centers. Compounds with minimal steric differentiation can be synthesized with high enantiomeric excess.
Good or Bad, We Want it Now: Fixed-cost Present Bias for Gains and Losses Explains Magnitude Asymmetries in Intertemporal Choice

Intertemporal tradeoffs are ubiquitous in decision making, yet preferences for current versus future losses are rarely explored in empirical research. Whereas rational-economic theory posits that neither outcome sign (gains vs. losses) nor outcome magnitude (small vs. large) should affect delay discount rates, both do, and moreover, they interact: in three studies, we show that whereas large gains are discounted less than small gains, large losses are discounted more than small losses. This interaction can be understood through a reconceptualization of fixed-cost present bias, which has traditionally described a psychological preference for immediate rewards. First, our results establish present bias for losses�a psychological preference to have losses over with now. Present bias thus predicts increased discounting of future gains but decreased (or even negative) discounting of future losses. Second, because present bias preferences do not scale with the magnitude of possible gains or losses, they play a larger role, relative to other motivations for discounting, for small magnitude intertemporal decisions than for large magnitude intertemporal decisions. Present bias thus predicts less discounting of large gains than small gains but more discounting of large losses than small losses. The present research is the first to demonstrate that the effect of outcome magnitude on discount rates may be opposite for gains and losses and also the first to offer a theory (an extension of present bias) and process data to explain this interaction. The results suggest that policy efforts to encourage future-oriented choices should frame outcomes as large gains or small losses.
How Cinchona Alkaloid-Derived Primary Amines Control Asymmetric Electrophilic Fluorination of Cyclic Ketones

The origin of selectivity in the α-fluorination of cyclic ketones catalyzed by cinchona alkaloid-derived primary amines is determined with density functional calculations. The chair preference of a seven-membered ring at the fluorine transfer transition state is key in determining the sense and level of enantiofacial selectivity.
Total Synthesis of (−)-N-Methylwelwitindolinone B Isothiocyanate via a Chlorinative Oxabicycle Ring-Opening Strategy

The first total synthesis of N-methylwelwitindolinone B isothiocyanate is reported. The route features several key steps, including a regio- and diastereoselective chlorinative oxabicycle ring-opening reaction to introduce the challenging alkyl chloride motif.
High Performance WSe2 Field-Effect Transistors via Controlled Formation of In-Plane Heterojunctions.

Monolayer WSe2 is a two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor with a direct band gap, and it has been recently explored as a promising material for electronics and optoelectronics. Low field-effect mobility is the main constraint preventing WSe2 from becoming one of the competing channel materials for field-effect transistors (FETs). Recent results have demonstrated that chemical treatments can modify the electrical properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), including MoS2 and WSe2. Here, we report that controlled heating in air significantly improves device performance of WSe2 FETs in terms of on-state currents and field-effect mobilities. Specifically, after being heated at optimized conditions, chemical vapor deposition grown monolayer WSe2 FETs showed an average FET mobility of 31 cm2·V–1·s–1 and on/off current ratios up to 5 × 108. For few-layer WSe2 FETs, after the same treatment applied, we achieved a high mobility up to 92 cm2·V–1·s–1. These values are significantly higher than FETs fabricat...
An Overview of Spectral Imaging of Human Skin Toward Face Recognition

Spectral imaging is a form of remote sensing that provides a means of collecting information from surroundings without physical contact. Differences in spectral reflectance over the electromagnetic spectrum allow for the detection, classification , or quantification of objects in a scene. The development of this field has largely benefited from Earth observing airborne and spaceborne programs. Information gained from spectral imaging has been recognized as making key contributions from the regional to the global scale. The burgeoning market of compact hyperspectral sensors has opened new opportunities, at smaller spatial scales, in a large number of applications such as medical, environmental, security, and industrial processes. The market is expected to continue to evolve and result in advancements in sensor size, performance, and cost. In order to employ spectral imaging for a specific task, it is critical to have a fundamental understanding of the phenomenology of the subject of interest, the imaging sensor, image processing, and interpretation of the results. Spectral imaging of human tissue has the strong foundation of a well-known combination of components, e.g., hemoglobin, melanin, and water that make skin distinct from most backgrounds. These components are heterogeneously distributed and vary across the skin of individuals and between individuals. The spatial component of spectral imaging provides a basis for making spectral distinctions of these differences. This chapter provides an introduction to the interaction of energy in the electromagnetic spectrum with human tissue and other materials, the fundamentals of sensors and data collection, common analysis techniques, and the interpretation of results for decision making. The basic information provided in this chapter can be utilized for a wide range of applications where spectral imaging may be adopted including face recognition .
Rashomon in North Korea? Comparing Northeast Asian approaches

The DPRK’s progressive nuclearization has evoked different responses in its Northeast Asian neighbors. A comparison across Japan, South Korea, and China offers a useful arena for addressing important debates in comparative and international politics. The three states differ with regards to their political systems and classical power disparities. The article distills general trends in their approach in light of—and sometimes in spite of—these differences. First, notwithstanding differences in regime type, there has been a shared secular trend away from positive inducements. Second, the precise mix of inducements differed significantly across all three cases in tandem with their domestic constraints and levels of political polarization. Third, classical neorealist drivers of international behavior have been rather secondary for explaining approaches to the DPRK’s nuclearization. Finally, the panoply of strategies spanning the positive and negative spectrum has failed to deliver desired objectives. This outcome highlights the centrality of the domestic regime type of target states to the effectiveness of inducements.
Problems Using Aggregate Data to Infer Individual Behavior: Evidence from Law, Finance, and Ownership Concentration

Problems Using Aggregate Data to Infer Individual Behavior: Evidence from Law, Finance, and Ownership Concentration
BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE RSA DESIGNS

Introduction Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty (RSA) improves the mechanics of rotator cuff deficient shoulders. To optimize functional outcomes and minimize failures of the RSA manufacturers have recently made innovative design modifications with lateralized components. However, these innovations have their own set of biomechanical trade-offs, such as increased shear forces along the glenoid bone interface. The objective of this study was to develop an efficient musculoskeletal model to evaluate and compare both the muscle forces and joint reactive force of a normal shoulder to those implanted with varied RSA implant designs. We believe these findings will provide valuable insight into possible advantages or shortcomings of this new RSA design. Methods A kinematic model of a normal shoulder joint was adapted from publically available musculoskeletal modeling software. Static optimizations then allowed for calculation of the individual muscle forces, moment arms and joint reactive forces relative to net joint moments. An accurate 3D computer models of humeral lateralized design (HLD) (Equinoxe, Exactech, Gainesville FL, USA), glenoid lateral design (GLD) (Encore, DJO Global, Vista CA, USA), and Grammont design (GD) (Aequalis, Tornier, Amsterdam, NV) reverse shoulder prostheses was also developed and parametric studies were performed based on the numerical simulation platform. Results As expected, there were decreases in muscle forces in all RSA models (Table 1). These decreases were greatest in the middle deltoid of the HLD model for abduction and flexion (Figure 1) and in the rotator cuff muscles under both internal and external rotation (Figure 2). In all RSA models the muscle forces of the rotator cuff were diminished to near zero in all range of motions. The joint reactive forces in abduction and flexion decreased similarly for all RSA models compared to the normal shoulder model, with the greatest decrease again seen in the HLD model (Table 1). Conclusion These findings demonstrate that the design characteristics implicit in these modified RSA prostheses result in kinematic differences most prominently seen in the deltoid muscle and overall joint reactive forces. These differences could have a profound effect on the ultimate clinical success and long term outcomes for RSA. These results can help guide continued optimization of RSA design and clinical outcomes. The developed innovative shoulder modeling simulation could serve as a prototype for testing of future implant design concepts.
Information-Theoretic Lower Bounds on the Storage Cost of Shared Memory Emulation

The focus of this paper is to understand storage costs of emulating an atomic shared memory over an asynchronous, distributed message passing system. Previous literature has developed several shared memory emulation algorithms based on replication and erasure coding techniques, and analyzed the storage costs of the proposed algorithms. In this paper, we present the first known information-theoretic lower bounds on the storage costs incurred by shared memory emulation algorithms. Our storage cost lower bounds are universally applicable, that is, we make no assumption on the structure of the algorithm or the method of encoding the data.We consider an arbitrary algorithm A that implements an atomic multi-writer-single-reader (MWSR) shared memory variable whose values come from a finite set V over a system of N servers connected by point-to-point asynchronous links. We require that in every fair execution of algorithm A where the number of server failures is smaller than a parameter f, every operation invoked at a non-failing client terminates. We define the storage cost of a server in algorithm A as the logarithm (to base 2) of the number of states it can take on; the total storage cost of algorithm A is the sum of the storage cost of all servers. Previously, it was known that the storage cost cannot be smaller than N/N?f log2 |V|.We develop three new lower bounds on the storage cost of algorithm A.In our first lower bound, we show that if algorithm A does not use server gossip, then the total storage cost is lower bounded by 2 N/N-f+1}log2|V|--o(log2|V|).In our second lower bound we show that the total storage cost is at least 2 N/N-f+2} log2|V|--o(log2|V|) even if the algorithm uses server gossip.In our third lower bound, we consider algorithms where the write protocol sends information about the value in at most one phase. For such algorithms, we show that the total storage cost is at least v* N/N-f+v*-1 log2 (|V|)-- o(log2(|V|), where v* is the minimum of f+1 and the number of active write operations of an execution.Our first and second lower bounds are approximately twice as strong as the previously known bound of N/N-f log2|V|}. Furthermore, our first two lower bounds apply even for regular, single-writer single-reader (SWSR) shared memory emulation algorithms. Our third lower bound is much larger than our first and second lower bounds, although it is applicable to a smaller class of algorithms where the write protocol has certain restrictions. In particular, our third bound is comparable to the storage cost achieved by most shared memory emulation algorithms in the literature, which naturally fall under the class of algorithms studied. Our proof ideas are inspired by recent results in coding theory.
Zirconium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Carboalumination of Unactivated Terminal Alkenes

ConspectusCarbometalation of alkenes with stereocontrol offers an important opportunity for asymmetric C–C bond formation. However, the scope of catalytic stereoselective carbometalation of alkenes had until recently been limited to electronically biased alkenes or those with the presence of directing groups or other auxiliary functionalities to overcome the challenge associated with regio- and stereoselectivity. Catalytic asymmetric carbometalation of unactivated alkenes on the other hand remained as a formidable challenge. To address this long-standing problem, we sought to develop Zr-catalyzed asymmetric carboalumination of alkenes (namely, ZACA reaction) encouraged by our discovery of Zr-catalyzed alkyne carboalumination in 1978. Zr-catalyzed methylalumination of alkynes (ZMA) shows high regioselectivity and nearly perfect stereoselectivity. Its mechanistic studies have revealed that the ZMA reaction involves acyclic carbometalation with “superacidic” bimetallic reagents generated by interaction betwe...
Effect of nitroprusside on end-diastolic pressure-diameter relations of the human left ventricle after pericardiotomy.

Although studies in human beings have suggested that sodium nitroprusside may increase the diastolic compliance of the left ventricle, animal models have provided contradictory evidence following pericardiotomy. The effect of nitroprusside on the human left ventricle after pericardiotomy has not been reported. Accordingly, we studied the effects of intravenous sodium nitroprusside in eight patients during cardiac operations. Curves relating left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (EDP) to echocardiographically determined end-diastolic diameter (EDD) were determined during the transfusion of volume from the reservoir of the heart-lung machine (EDP varied from 5 to 35 mm Hg) before and during nitroprusside administration (1 to 4 mcg/kg/min). An average relation (EDP = 0.41 ± 0.40 [SD] e1.18 ± 0.58 EDD was obtained for eight patients by exponential curve fitting (r = 0.80 ± 0.08). Nitroprusside decreased systolic-left ventricular pressure (118 ± 16 to 100 ± 13 mm Hg, p
Integrating affect and impulsivity: The role of positive and negative urgency in substance use risk.

Background The personality traits of positive and negative urgency refer to the tendencies to act rashly when experiencing unusually positive or negative emotions, respectively.
Technology Advancing Data Collection: Thin Client Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing in the National Agricultural Statistics Service’s 2010 Field Data Collection Program

The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) surveys farmers and ranchers across the United States and Puerto Rico in order to estimate crop production and number of livestock, to assess production practices, and to identify economic trends. Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) involves an interviewer going to the respondent with the questionnaire displayed on a computer (generally a laptop). All responses are captured on the computer. Although CAPI has been around since the 1980’s, all previous forms of CAPI have centered around both the data and the data collection instrument being stored on the device. Also, over the past three years, there have been several accounts of agencies and businesses losing or having laptops stolen containing clients’ personal information. Although the possibility of someone bypassing the security mechanisms of the device and decrypting the data is small, it still exists. This possibility of data being compromised combined with the sensationalism of the news media can cause the general public to question the advisability of participating in surveys, adversely affecting the entire survey industry. NASS’ CAPI solution, coined thin client CAPI, is an innovative thin client approach which leverages wireless broadband technology and a recently completed web-based data collection system called Electronic Data Reporting (EDR). In general, a field interviewer using a low-cost netbook accesses the Internet using a wireless aircard. The field interviewer accesses NASS’ data collection website and brings up the questionnaires that need to be completed by that particular agricultural operation. The interview is completed real-time over the Internet with no data ever residing on the netbook.
Allometric models to measure and analyze the evolution of international research collaboration

A fundamental problem in the field of the social studies of science is how to measure the patterns of international scientific collaboration to analyse the structure and evolution of scientific fields. This study here confronts the problem by developing an allometric model of morphological changes in order to measure and analyse the relative growth of international research collaboration in comparison with domestic collaboration only for fields of science. Statistical analysis, based on data of internationally co-authored papers from National Science Foundation (1997---2012 period), shows an acceleration (a disproportionate relative growth) of collaboration patterns in medical sciences, social sciences, geosciences, agricultural sciences, and psychology (predominantly applied fields). By contrast, some predominantly basic fields, including physics and mathematics, have lower levels of relative growth in international scientific collaboration. These characteristics of patterns of international research collaboration seem to be vital contributing factors for the evolution of the social dynamics and social construction of science. The main aim of this article is therefore to clarify the on-going evolution of scientific fields that might be driven by the plexus (interwoven combination of parts in a system) of research disciplines, which generates emerging research fields with high growth rates of international scientific collaboration.
Design of a motorized wobble board for load sustainable rehabilitative training of patients with severe ankle injuries

The ankle is one of the most commonly injured areas among athletes and other physically active people. Appropriate ankle rehabilitation is necessary to prevent chronic ankle injuries and ensure proper movement patterns for physical activity. A patient is typically prescribed exercises with a non-motorized wobble board and instructed to actively engage in several range of motions including dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion, and circumduction. A patient can progress by adding weight bearing exercises to increase the demand of the damaged structures. However, patients with severe ankle injuries may not be able to participate in active motion with the non-motorized wobble board, decreasing efficacy. This design introduces a multi-planar motorized wobble board for patients with severe ankle injury that need passive mobility and sustainable loads which can be controlled. The passive mobility allows progress towards recovering a natural range of motion (ROM) during the early stages of an injury and enhance the healing process.
Impacts of Environmental Provisions

The previous chapter examined the expected impacts of the agreements on the environment, an ex ante analysis. This chapter explores ex post analyses — that is, analyses of the actual impacts with an emphasis on those emanating from the environmental provisions in the trade agreements. It should be noted that many of the trade agreements discussed in the preceding chapters are recent and little time has passed to allow environmental impacts to be manifested. Some, however, have relatively long histories and have been the subject of several studies. NAFTA is an example of the latter and it has been the subject of numerous studies, including those carried out by or for the NAAEC. Consequently, the first part of this chapter examines its environmental consequences in some detail. The remainder of the chapter will survey available information about the environmental impacts of other FTAs for which information is available.
Large Deviations for Brownian Particle Systems with Killing

Particle approximations for certain nonlinear and nonlocal reaction–diffusion equations are studied using a system of Brownian motions with killing. The system is described by a collection of i.i.d. Brownian particles where each particle is killed independently at a rate determined by the empirical sub-probability measure of the states of the particles alive. A large deviation principle (LDP) for such sub-probability measure-valued processes is established. Along the way a convenient variational representation, which is of independent interest, for expectations of nonnegative functionals of Brownian motions together with an i.i.d. sequence of random variables is established. Proof of the LDP relies on this variational representation and weak convergence arguments.
Structural Analysis of High-Field-Side RF Antennas During a Disruption on the Advanced Divertor eXperiment (ADX)

The Advanced Divertor and RF tokamak eXperiment (ADX) is a compact, high-field device proposed by the MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center and collaborators, which will address critical gaps in world fusion research on the pathway to fusion energy. In addition to developing and testing new divertor concepts at reactor level magnetic field strengths and power densities, ADX will test new antenna concepts for lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) and ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) heating systems. In particular, ADX will be purpose-built to allow antennas to be positioned on the high magnetic field side of the torus, i.e., on the inner wall. With antennas placed at this location, plasma-wall interactions are greatly reduced and favorable RF wave physics projects to dramatic improvements in current drive efficiency and current profile control as well as very effective scenarios for RF heating and flow drive. Initial designs for the high-field-side LHCD and ICRF antennas have been completed and are analyzed to determine the loads induced during a full-current plasma disruption. While locating antennas at the inner wall is beneficial from an RF standpoint, it exposes them to a higher toroidal field which, when combined with the eddy currents caused by a disrupting plasma, will lead to higher loads. Using COMSOL Multiphysics, a model of the ADX vessel and coils is created to predict the magnetic fields, eddy currents, and loads acting on the antennas during a disruption. Structural models are then run to predict the stresses and to provide guidance for design improvement, such as determining where structural reinforcements may be necessary.
Cruising for parking around a circle

Abstract Several recent papers have used the approximation that the number of curbside parking spaces searched before finding a vacant space equals the reciprocal of the expected curbside vacancy rate. The implied expected cruising-for-parking times are significantly lower than those that have been obtained through observation and simulation. Through computer simulation of cars cruising for parking around a circle in stochastic steady state, this paper shows that the approximation leads to underestimation of expected cruising-for-parking time and, at high occupancy rates, considerable underestimation. The paper also identifies several “effects” that contribute to the approximation being an increasingly poor one as the occupancy rate increases.
Understanding the strain-dependent dielectric behavior of carbon black reinforced natural rubber – An interfacial or bulk phenomenon?

Abstract Filler-polymer interactions are one of the keys to understanding the physical properties of polymer composites. These interactions give rise to an interface with specific properties that may have a nontrivial effect on the macroscopic properties of composites. Direct measurement of the interface properties at nanometer scale is usually unavailable. Thus, interface properties are often back calculated from the bulk response using a computational model. However, if the model does not take into account the morphology of the filler dispersion, the results can be misleading. Recently it has been found that the dielectric response of a carbon black filled natural rubber film can change dramatically upon stretching [M. Huang, Macromolecules 49, 2339 (2016)]. In this paper, we will show that this phenomenon can be largely explained by changes in filler cluster connectivity due to strain and is probably not caused by changes in the interfacial interactions. To support the argument, the polarization mechanism of the composites in the measured frequency range is analyzed and numerical models are developed to virtually reproduce the physical phenomenon as a function of strain. A power-law dependence of dielectric permittivity with strain is derived, which matches closely with the experimental results.
Do Analyst Stock Recommendations Piggyback on Recent Corporate News? An Analysis of Regular-Hour and After-Hours Revisions

Analysts often update their recommendations following corporate news. Questions have been raised regarding analysts’ ability to generate new information beyond recent corporate events. Employing a comprehensive database on corporate news, we show that only a small minority, or 27.9%, of all recommendation revisions directionally confirm the information in the preceding corporate events and even these “confirming revisions” facilitate the information discovery of corporate events and thus cannot simply be dismissed as “piggybacking.” Our analysis further shows that analysts not only facilitate price discovery to corporate news through issuing trending revisions but also help reverse prevailing market sentiments following corporate news by issuing contrarian revisions. Our study is the first to investigate short-window intraday market reactions to revisions issued after hours, which account for 70% of all recommendation revisions in our sample period. Analysts’ incentives to issue revisions after hours appear to reflect demands from large institutional clients, who dominate after-hours trading. More importantly, we show that the after-hours revisions are associated with significantly greater price reactions and different price reaction patterns than revisions issued during regular trading hours. Collectively, our evidence indicates that analysts are a significant source of new information beyond recent corporate news and they also help shape the market's assessment of corporate disclosures
Computing the Flip Distance Between Triangulations

Let $$\mathcal{{T}}$$ be a triangulation of a set $$\mathcal{{P}}$$ of n points in the plane, and let e be an edge shared by two triangles in $$\mathcal{{T}}$$ such that the quadrilateral Q formed by these two triangles is convex. A flip of e is the operation of replacing e by the other diagonal of Q to obtain a new triangulation of $$\mathcal{{P}}$$ from $$\mathcal{{T}}$$ . The flip distance between two triangulations of $$\mathcal{{P}}$$ is the minimum number of flips needed to transform one triangulation into the other. The Flip Distance problem asks if the flip distance between two given triangulations of $$\mathcal{{P}}$$ is at most k, for some given $$k \in \mathbb {N}$$ . It is a fundamental and a challenging problem. We present an algorithm for the Flip Distance problem that runs in time $$\mathcal {O}(n + k \cdot c^{k})$$ , for a constant $$c \le 2 \cdot 14^{11}$$ , which implies that the problem is fixed-parameter tractable. We extend our results to triangulations of polygonal regions with holes, and to labeled triangulated graphs.
Computations of the Mertens function and improved bounds on the Mertens conjecture

The Mertens function is defined as $M(x) = \sum_{n \leq x} \mu(n)$, where $\mu(n)$ is the Mobius function. The Mertens conjecture states $|M(x)/\sqrt{x}| 1$, which was proven false in 1985 by showing $\liminf M(x)/\sqrt{x} 1.06$. The same techniques used were revisited here with present day hardware and algorithms, giving improved lower and upper bounds of $-1.837625$ and $1.826054$. In addition, $M(x)$ was computed for all $x \leq 10^{16}$, recording all extrema, all zeros, and $10^8$ values sampled at a regular interval. Lastly, an algorithm to compute $M(x)$ in $O(x^{2/3+\varepsilon})$ time was used on all powers of two up to $2^{73}$.
Improved analytical modeling of commutation losses including space harmonic effects in permanent magnet brushless DC motors

An analytical method based on a two-dimensional electromagnetic field analysis in polar coordinates is developed to predict the commutation losses in permanent magnet brushless DC motors. These losses are essentially the eddy current losses induced in rotor magnets and core and are caused by the rotor sweeping the stationary stator magnetic field before each current commutation due to inverter switching takes place. The analytical model is able to include the space harmonic (slotting) and time harmonic effects of the stator resultant MMF on the losses and is applicable to motor constructions with either magnet segments or a magnet ring. The model was applied to an existing motor and good agreement (within 6.8%) with the finite element method was achieved.
Optimal Binary Autoencoding with Pairwise Correlations

We formulate learning of a binary autoencoder as a biconvex optimization problem which learns from the pairwise correlations between encoded and decoded bits. Among all possible algorithms that use this information, ours finds the autoencoder that reconstructs its inputs with worst-case optimal loss. The optimal decoder is a single layer of artificial neurons, emerging entirely from the minimax loss minimization, and with weights learned by convex optimization. All this is reflected in competitive experimental results, demonstrating that binary autoencoding can be done efficiently by conveying information in pairwise correlations in an optimal fashion.
Recovering Social Networks by Observing Votes

We investigate how to reconstruct social networks from voting data. In particular, given a voting model that considers social network structure, we aim to find the network that best explains the agents' votes. We study two plausible voting models, one edge-centric and the other vertex-centric.For these models, we give algorithms and lower bounds, characterizing cases where network recovery is possible and where it is computationally difficult. We also test our algorithms on United States Senate data.Despite the similarity of the two models, we show that their respective network recovery problems differ in complexity and involve distinct algorithmic challenges. Moreover, the networks produced when working under these models can also differ significantly. These results indicate that great care should be exercised when choosing a voting model for network recovery tasks.
Refinement of the Random Coding Bound

An improved pre-factor for the random coding bound is proved. Specifically, for channels with critical rate not equal to capacity, if a regularity condition is satisfied (resp. not satisfied), then for any $\epsilon >0$ a pre-factor of $O(N^{-\frac{1}{2}\left( 1 - \epsilon + \bar{\rho}^\ast_R \right)})$ (resp. $O(N^{-\frac{1}{2}})$) is achievable for rates above the critical rate, where $N$ and $R$ is the blocklength and rate, respectively. The extra term $\bar{\rho}^\ast_R$ is related to the slope of the random coding exponent. Further, the relation of these bounds with the authors' recent refinement of the sphere-packing bound, as well as the pre-factor for the random coding bound below the critical rate, is discussed.
Experimental Demonstration of Degenerate Band Edge in Metallic Periodically Loaded Circular Waveguide

We experimentally demonstrate for the first time the degenerate band edge (DBE) condition, namely, the degeneracy of four Bloch modes, in loaded circular metallic waveguides. The four modes forming the DBE represent a degeneracy of the fourth order occurring in a periodic structure where four Bloch modes, two propagating and two evanescent, coalesce. The DBE is associated with four Bloch eigenmodes representing wave propagation in the periodic structure that coalesce in both wavenumbers and eigenvectors (i.e., polarizations), at a single frequency. It leads to a very flat wavenumber-frequency dispersion relation, and the finite-length structure’s quality factor scales as $N^{5}$ , where $N$ is the number of unit cells. The proposed waveguide in which DBE is observed here is designed by periodically loading a circular waveguide with misaligned elliptical metallic rings. We validate the existence of the DBE in such structure using measurements, and we report good agreement between full-wave simulation and the measured response of the waveguide near the DBE frequency; taking into account metallic losses. We correlate our finding to theoretical and simulation results utilizing various techniques, including dispersion synthesis, and scaling of the quality factor and group delay with length. Moreover, the reported geometry is only an example of metallic waveguide with DBE: DBE and its characteristics can also be designed in many other kinds of waveguides and various applications can be contemplated as high-power microwave generation in amplifiers and oscillators based on an electron beam interaction or solid-state devices, pulse compressors, and microwave sensors.
THE ROLE OF ARTHROSCOPY: WHAT PROBLEMS DOES IT SOLVE?

Arthroscopic intervention for early symptoms of arthrosis of the knee was a well-established procedure until Moseley cited his study showing no difference in outcomes when compared to “sham” surgery. Now there is no opportunity for reimbursement with arthroscopic debridement unless mechanical internal derangement can be documented. There are, however, several specific lesions of arthrosis which respond well to arthroscopic intervention and are reimbursed by third party payers. Arthroscopic three compartment microfracture with non-weight bearing and passive motion for eight weeks post- op has significantly relieved symptoms. Second look biopsies have confirmed type II hyaline cartilage and increased joint interval. Proper patient selection is paramount and guidelines will be discussed. Isolated severe patellofemoral arthrosis with patella subluxation responds to arthroscopic patella lateral facetectomy. Jones has reported significant pain relief up to two years with this excellent option for a difficult patient problem. The technique and results will be presented in detail. Loss of terminal extension in the arthritic knee can accelerate deterioration and force earlier decision for TKA. Parson9s third tubercle is an osteophyte that forms just anterior to the ACL insertion on the tibia and is the frequent cause of extension loss. Arthroscopic resection of the tubercle results in increased extension and diminishes the stress concentration assuring better longevity for the native knee. The diagnostic characteristics, resection techniques and results of the Dallas series will be presented.
Limitations of randomized mechanisms for combinatorial auctions

Abstract We address the following fundamental question in the area of incentive-compatible mechanism design: Are truthful-in-expectation mechanisms compatible with polynomial-time approximation? In particular, can polynomial-time truthful-in-expectation mechanisms achieve a near-optimal approximation ratio for combinatorial auctions with submodular valuations? We prove that this is not the case: There is a constant γ > 0 such that there is no randomized mechanism that is truthful-in-expectation — or even approximately truthful-in-expectation — and guarantees an m − γ -approximation to the optimal social welfare for combinatorial auctions with submodular valuations in the value oracle model. In contrast, a non-truthful ( 1 − 1 / e ) -approximation algorithm is known ( Vondrak, 2008 ), and a truthful-in-expectation ( 1 − 1 / e ) -approximation mechanism was recently developed for the special case of coverage valuations ( Dughmi et al., 2011b ). We also prove an analogous result for the combinatorial public projects (CPP) problem. Both our results present a significant separation between coverage functions and submodular functions, which does not occur for these problems without strategic considerations.
Gender bias in open source: Pull request acceptance of women versus men.

Biases against women in the workplace have been documented in a variety of studies. This paper presents the largest study to date on gender bias, where we compare acceptance rates of contributions from men versus women in an open source software community. Surprisingly, our results show that women’s contributions tend to be accepted more often than men’s. However, when a woman’s gender is identifiable, they are rejected more often. Our results suggest that although women on GitHub may be more competent overall, bias against them exists nonetheless.
HOUSEHOLD DECISIONS AND EQUILIBRIUM EFFICIENCY

A general equilibrium model is introduced where a household may consist of several members, each with individual preferences and/or resources. When households obey collective rationality, certain intrahousehold externalities can be fully internalized by the respective households so that competitive exchange among households is efficient. As a rule, however, such intrahousehold externalities are not fully internalized by individual household members acting in their personal interest so that competitive exchange among such individuals is only efficient in exceptional cases.
Euler characteristics of cominuscule quantum K-theory

We prove an identity relating the product of two opposite Schubert varieties in the (equivariant) quantum K-theory ring of a cominuscule flag variety to the minimal degree of a rational curve connecting the Schubert varieties. We deduce that the sum of the structure constants associated to any product of Schubert classes is equal to one. Equivalently, the sheaf Euler characteristic map extends to a ring homomorphism defined on the quantum K-theory ring.
Gene expression atlas for the food security crop cassava

Cassava (Manihot esculenta) feeds c. 800 million people world‐wide. Although this crop displays high productivity under drought and poor soil conditions, it is susceptible to disease, postharvest deterioration and the roots contain low nutritional content. Here, we provide molecular identities for 11 cassava tissue/organ types through RNA‐sequencing and develop an open access, web‐based interface for further interrogation of the data. Through this dataset, we consider the physiology of cassava. Specifically, we focus on identification of the transcriptional signatures that define the massive, underground storage roots used as a food source and the favored target tissue for transgene integration and genome editing, friable embryogenic callus (FEC). Further, we identify promoters able to drive strong expression in multiple tissue/organs. The information gained from this study is of value for both conventional and biotechnological improvement programs.