cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Approximate membership query over time-decaying windows for event stream processing

There has been a long history of finding a space-efficient data structure to support approximate membership queries, started from Bloom's work in the 1970's. Given a set A of n items and an additional item x from the same universe u of a size m > n, we want to distinguish whether x ∈ A or not, using small (limited) space. If A is static, there exist optimal algorithms to find a randomized data structure to represent A using only (1 + o(1))n log 1/δ bits, which only allows for a small false positive δ but no false negative. However, existing optimal algorithms are not practical for many event-based systems, e. g., web services, peer-to-peer systems, network traffic monitoring, etc. In these systems, items are inserted or updated dynamically in a stream of events, and we are interested in recently updated items. In this paper, we propose a novel data structure to support approximate membership queries in a time-decaying window model. In this model, items are inserted one-by-one over a data stream, and we want to determine whether an item is among the most recent w items for any given window size w ≤ n. Our data structure only requires O(n(log 1/δ + log n)) bits and O(1) running time.
Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry used for screening polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by desorption from sediment

Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was evaluated as a fast economical screening technique for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment samples. A platinum filament pyroprobe was used for the analyses of PAHs ranging from naphthalene to benzo[a]pyrene. The effects of different temperatures, gas flows and times, solution port injections and interface injections, packed quartz tubes, open boats and ribbon volatilization were considered. The PAHs were thermally desorbed from sediment samples without any pretreatment. Retention times, quantitation masses, and mass spectra fit/purity and reverse fit/purity ratios were used for compound identification. The current method proved to be appropriate for compounds ranging from naphthalene to pyrene (95% confidence level of reported results). Comparison of experimental results with certified values showed higher values for the analysis performed with Py-GC/MS instrumentation.
Effects of high penetration levels of residential photovoltaic generation: Observations from field data

Photovoltaic (PV) generation technologies, often deemed a viable solution for reducing greenhouse gases and decreasing electricity demand, have become increasingly prevalent in their deployment. Particular progress in their implementation has been evidenced in residential areas characterized by rooftop-mounted PV arrays. Aside from the known advantages provided by residential PV generation, one noteworthy disadvantage confronting the electric utility is the degradation of power factor when grid-tied PV sources are extensively integrated into the electrical distribution system. In this paper, the effect of PV sources on power factor is studied using recorded field data from a residential community that is part of a large-scale smart grid demonstration project in Austin, Texas.
Workers' compensation experiences of computer users with musculoskeletal disorders.

Background Computer-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are of concern as computer use continues to increase. While MSDs are among the most disabling conditions in the United States, the workers' compensation (WC) experiences of individuals with these occupational disorders are not well described. Methods We conducted a study among 149 adults with work-related MSDs of the neck, upper back, or upper extremity related to computer use. Questionnaires were used to obtain information on subjective experiences with WC and economic issues. Results Seventy-four percent filed for WC. Twenty-five percent of all participants reported major financial difficulties after developing their MSD, though the majority filed for WC. Despite filing for WC, a large proportion relied partially on government, employer, or personal financial sources. Sixty-two percent reported that overall satisfaction with the WC insurer was poor. Conclusions Findings indicate that a majority of participants filed for WC. Despite filing for WC financial difficulties after developing their MSD were considerable. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:512–518, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc
Cardiac Myocyte Z-line Calmodulin is Mainly RyR2-Bound and Reduction is Arrhythmogenic and Occurs in Heart Failure

Rationale: Calmodulin (CaM) associates with cardiac ryanodine receptor type-2 (RyR2) as an important regulator. Defective CaM–RyR2 interaction may occur in heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. However, the in situ binding properties for CaM–RyR2 are unknown. Objective: We sought to measure the in situ binding affinity and kinetics for CaM–RyR2 in normal and heart failure ventricular myocytes, estimate the percentage of Z-line–localized CaM that is RyR2-bound, and test cellular function of defective CaM–RyR2 interaction. Methods and Results: Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer in permeabilized myocytes, we specifically resolved RyR2-bound CaM from other potential binding targets and measured CaM–RyR2 binding affinity in situ (K d =10–20 nmol/L). Using RyR2 ADA/+ knock-in mice, in which half of the CaM–RyR2 binding is suppressed, we estimated that >90% of Z-line CaM is RyR2-bound. Functional tests indicated a higher propensity for Ca 2+ wave production and stress-induced ventricular arrhythmia in RyR2 ADA/+ mice. In a post–myocardial infarction rat heart failure model, we detected a decrease in the CaM–RyR2 binding affinity (K d ≈51 nmol/L; ≈3-fold increase) and unaltered RyR2 affinity for the FK506-binding protein FKBP12.6 (Kd~0.8 nmol/L). Conclusions: CaM binds to RyR2 with high affinity in cardiac myocytes. Physiologically, CaM is bound to >70% of RyR2 monomers and inhibits sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ release. RyR2 is the major binding site for CaM along the Z-line in cardiomyocytes, and dissociating CaM from RyR2 can cause severe ventricular arrhythmia. In heart failure, RyR2 shows decreased CaM affinity, but unaltered FKBP 12.6 affinity.
Early hypospadias repair: the contributions of Harvey Cushing

The early evolution of surgical reconstructive techniques has been well documented in the literature. However, a review of the Johns Hopkins hospital surgical files revealed an interesting participant in early hypospadias repair: Harvey Cushing (1869–1939). Following IRB approval, we reviewed the surgical records from 1896 to 1912 and selected from among his non-neurosurgical patients, one case of first-stage hypospadias repair. Cushing operated upon the 21-year-old patient, performing a first-stage repair of hypospadias, in conjunction with a repair of a right inguinal hernia. The patient was discharged following a second stage operation. At that time, the patient was in good condition and was voiding appropriately. There was no further follow-up. The repair of hypospadias evolved through the work of European surgeons, from the mid-eighth century through the early nineteenth century. The case we report here illustrates Cushing’s early work in the fields of urologic and plastic surgery.
Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repairs performed by supervised surgical trainees

Abstract Background Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repairs performed by supervised surgical trainees are absent. Methods Retrospective review of TEP inguinal hernioplasties performed by trainees at our institution. Results From 1995 to 2009, a total of 1,479 inguinal hernia repairs on 976 patients were performed by supervised surgical trainees. The mean patient age was 54 years (range 5–86). Men (97%), direct defects (51%), and bilateral repairs (52%) predominated. Recurrent hernias compromised 17%. Four (.4%) patients were converted to open surgery because of scarring. Postoperative complications consisted of urinary retention (8%), seroma (3%), and hematoma (2%). Trainee participation included interns (46%), PGY-2s (10%), PGY-3s (2%), PGY-4s (3%), and PGY-5s (39%). With a mean follow-up of 6.1 years, recurrence and bothersome groin pain rates were 2.6% and 1.5%, respectively. Conclusions With adequate supervision, surgical trainees can safely perform the TEP repair with good long-term outcomes.
Correlates of Posttraumatic Growth in Married Breast Cancer Survivors

Abstract Breast cancer presents both danger and opportunity. Most survivors report perceptions of benefits or posttraumatic growth (PTG), in the aftermath of the struggle with breast cancer. This study identified social context variables associated with personal growth among 72 married, early-stage survivors. Bivariate analyses revealed that the more women perceived their husbands as supportive, the more they reported PTG. Likewise, women reporting contact with a breast cancer survivor who perceived benefits from the experience (PTG model) noted significantly greater PTG than women who did not have such contact. Additional analyses found that level of education and time since diagnosis were inversely related to survivors' PTG. A multiple regression analysis identified contact with a PTG model and education as best predictors of survivors' PTG. These results suggest that future research should explore the possibility that psychosocial treatment of breast cancer survivors is more effective when a model of g...
Matrix metalloproteinase-9-deficient dendritic cells have impaired migration through tracheal epithelial tight junctions.

When sampling inhaled antigens, dendritic cells (DC) must penetrate the tight junction (TJ) barrier while maintaining the TJ seal. In matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9–deficient mice, in vivo experiments suggest that migration of DC into air spaces is impaired. To examine the underlying mechanisms, we established a well-defined in vitro model using mouse tracheal epithelial cells and mouse bone marrow DC (BMDC). Transmigration was elicited with either macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α or MIP-3β in a time-dependent manner. Control MMP-9+/+ BMDC cultured with granulocyte macrophage–colony-stimulating factor for 7 d showed a 30-fold greater transepithelial migration toward MIP-3β than MIP-1α, indicating a more mature DC phenotype. MMP-9−/− BMDC as well as MMP-9+/+ BMDC in the presence of the MMP inhibitor GM6001, although showing a similar preference for MIP-3β, were markedly impaired in their ability to traverse the epithelium. Expression levels of CCR5 and CCR7, however, were similar in both MMP-9−/−...
The PI-3 kinase-Akt-MDM2-survivin signaling axis in high-risk neuroblastoma: a target for PI-3 kinase inhibitor intervention

Purpose Studies of SF1126, an RGDS targeted, water-soluble prodrug of LY294002, are currently nearing completion in two adult Phase I trials. Herein, we performed a preclinical evaluation of SF1126 as a PI-3K inhibitor for Phase I trials in the treatment of recurrent neuroblastoma (NB).
Pathological basis of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Many of the present definitions of Barrett’s esophagus are based on the dogma that 2 to 3 cm of cardiac mucosa normally line the distal esophagus and proximal stomach. Recent autopsy data refute this dogma. Cardiac mucosa has been shown to be frequently absent from the squamocolumnar junctional zone. When present, its extent is less than 0.5 cm in almost all children and most adults. Cardiac mucosal length increases with age. Patients who have cardiac mucosa are significantly more likely to have abnormal acid exposure in the esophagus as measured by 24-hour pH studies. The length of the cardiac mucosa correlates significantly with the amount of reflux: the greater the length of the cardiac mucosa, the more reflux there is. These new data provide insights into the pathology of gastroesophageal reflux. Normalcy is defined as an esophagus lined by squamous epithelium and a stomach lined by gastric mucosa. Reflux disease is defined by the presence of cardiac mucosa in a junctional biopsy. The severity of reflux disease is quantifiable by the length of cardiac mucosa present. Mutational reflux disease (Barrett’s esophagus) is defined by the occurrence of intestinal metaplasia in cardiac mucosa and is quantitated by the amount of intestinal metaplasia present. Neoplastic reflux disease is defined as the occurrence of low grade dysplasia, high grade dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma in Barrett’s esophagus. An attempt is made here to develop a rational grading system for reflux based on these highly objective histologic criteria.
Effects of Cultivation after Planting on Yields of Seed Cotton

Abstract Experiments carried out over several seasons showed that, on a soil prone to crusting, cultivations after the establishment of a cotton crop only increased yields in a season of low rainfall. This yield increase appeared to have been due to enhanced entry into the soil of the limited effective rainfall. In one season of high rainfall, deep cultivation significantly reduced yields.
Low-Mass Baryon-Antibaryon Enhancements in B Decays

The nature of low-mass baryon-antibaryon enhancements seen in B decays is explored. Three possibilities include (i) states near threshold as found in a model by Nambu and Jona-Lasinio, (ii) isoscalar states with ${J}^{\mathrm{PC}}{=0}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}+}$ coupled to a pair of gluons, and (iii) low-mass enhancements favored by the fragmentation process. Ways of distinguishing these mechanisms using angular distributions and flavor symmetry are proposed.
Scratch and mar and other mechanical properties as a function of chemical structure for automotive refinish coatings

Abstract Due to continued customer demand for better quality and more durable coatings, interest in improving the physical damage resistance of automotive refinish coatings has intensified. New coating materials are being explored based on oligomer chemistry that show promise in providing improvements in both physical and chemical properties, and in the long-term maintenance of those properties. In this paper, measurement techniques for monitoring chemical and mechanical property changes, including cure rate, crosslinking, photo-oxidation index, hardness and scratch and mar performance, were explored. The use of the single scratch indentor, a method pioneered in this laboratory, provides a basis for mechanical property evaluation. Constant temperature and relative humidity (CTR) storage and QUV accelerated weathering were used in this study. Mechanical performance was determined using hardness measurements, nano-scratch experiments and wet/dry rubtests. Infrared was the primary method of chemical analysis. This characterization was done to broaden our understanding of structure/property relationships, as well as to provide a more reliable prediction of service life.
Morphologic and Genetic Variation in Triops (Branchiopoda: Notostraca) from Ephemeral Waters of the Northern Chihuahuan Desert of North America

Abstract Tadpole shrimp are known to be important animals in the ecology of ephemeral wetlands. In the northern Chihuahuan Desert of North America, the tadpole shrimp fauna is composed of possibly three species in the genus Triops, which have variously been referred to as species, subspecies, and intraspecific variation. Our results support the presence of three morphologically distinct forms, which will be referred to herein as T. newberryi, T. longicaudatus “short,” and T. longicaudatus “long.” We report analyses of Triops spp. sampled in summer 2008 from 14 natural playas and man-made flood retention ponds. Data were recorded on meristic counts and quantitative measurements of morphological features. We also sequenced portions of the mitochondrial COI and ND1 genes for 72 shrimp, including individuals from all three morphological forms and for multiple ponds for each form where possible. The three forms were morphologically distinct for multiple characters and molecular analyses showed large difference...
THE Q-II INTERVAL. A STUDY OF THE SECOND HEART SOUND IN NORMAL ADULTS AND IN SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSION.

A study of the second heart sound in 112 normal adults ranging in age from 21 to 50 years is presented, along with results, in 15 patients with advanced systemic hypertension. A detailed analysis of the Q-II A and Q-II P intervals, as related to heart rate, respiration, age, and blood pressure had been performed. A linear dependence on the √RR interval was noted in both groups. With advancing age, a statistically significant decrease in the Q-II P was noted in the normal subjects. A decreased mobility of the Q-II A and Q-II P intervals with respiration was described. In hypertensive subjects, a significant prolongation of both the Q-II A and Q-II P intervals without variation in the II- A-P interval (splitting) as compared to the normal subjects was found. The effect of respiration on the splitting of the second sound was also found to be comparable to the normal for the same age group. The relationship of changes in ventricular dynamics to systemic hypertension are discussed on the basis of these findings.
Model-independent parametrization of the hadronic vacuum polarization and g-2 for the muon on the lattice

The leading hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment is given by a weighted integral over euclidean momentum of the hadronic vacuum polarization. This integral is dominated by momenta of order the muon mass. Since the finite volume in lattice QCD makes it difficult to compute the vacuum polarization at a large number of low momenta with high statistics (combined with the fact that one cannot compute it at zero momentum), a parametrization of the vacuum polarization is required to extrapolate the data. A much used functional form is based on vector meson dominance, which introduces model dependence into the lattice computation of the magnetic moment. Here we introduce a model-independent extrapolation method, and present a few first tests of this new method.
Ultrasonographic findings of testicularmicrolithiasis associated with intratubular germ cell neoplasia

Abstract Testicular microlithiasis is an uncommon condition in which calcified concretions fillthe lumina of seminiferous tubules. We report the case of a twenty-three-year-old white man with a metastatic germ cell tumor and normal findings on testicular physical examination, but abnormal ultrasonography of the right testis. Orchiectomy revealed intratubular germ cell neoplasia with testicular microlithiasis. Multiple circular echogenic foci on ultrasound correlated with the histologic finding of testicular microlithiasis. Further studies are indicated for assessing ultrasonography as an adjunct for screening the population at risk for intratubular germ cell neoplasia.
Geometric and analytic views in existence theorems for optimal control. III. Weak solutions

Existence theorems are proved for weak optimal solutions of problems of optimization with distributed and boundary control. Many examples are given. Application is made of recent remarks on closure properties of linear and nonlinear operators. Recent geometric, topological, and analytical views are brought to bear on the underlying seminormality conditions.
Space Versus Time Separation for Wireless Virtualization on an Indoor Grid

The decreasing cost of wireless hardware and ever increasing number of wireless testbeds has led to a shift in the protocol evaluation paradigm from simulations towards emulation. In addition, with a large number of users demanding experimental resources and lack of space and time for deploying more hardware, fair resource sharing among independent co-existing experiments is important. We study the proposed approaches to wireless virtualization with a focus on schemes conserving wireless channels rather than nodes. Our detailed comparison reveals that while experiments sharing a channel by space separation achieve better efficiency than those relying on time separation of a channel, the isolation between experiments in both cases is comparable. We propose and implement a policy manager to alleviate the isolation problem and suggest scenarios in which either of the schemes would provide a suitable virtualization solution.
Hypothesis testing in students: Sequences, stages, and instructional strategies

Six sequences in the development of hypothesis-testing conceptions are proposed, involving (a) interpretation of the hypothesis; (b) the distinction between using theories and testing theories; (c) the consideration of multiple possibilities; (d) the relation of theory and data; (e) the nature of verification and falsification; and (f) the relation of truth and falsity. An alternative account is then provided involving three global stages: concrete operations, formal operations, and a postformal “metaconstructive”stage. Relative advantages and difficulties of the stage and sequence conceptualizations are discussed. Finally, three families of teaching strategy are distinguished, which emphasize, respectively: (a) social transmission of knowledge; (b) carefully sequenced empirical experience by the student; and (c) self-regulated cognitive activity of the student. It is argued on the basis of Piaget's theory that the last of these plays a crucial role in the construction of such logical reasoning strategies as those involved in testing hypotheses.
Development of Food Safety Psychosocial Questionnaires for Young Adults

ABSTRACT: Food mishandling is thought to be more acute among young adults; yet little is known about why they may engage in risky food handling behaviors. The purpose of this study was to create valid, reliable instruments for assessing key food safety psychosocial measures. Development of the measures began by examining published studies and behavior change theories to identify the psychosocial factors associated with personal health choices and 3 psychosocial factors were identified: beliefs, locus of control, and self-efficacy. Development of items for the belief questionnaire began by identifying the belief constructs that could provide insight into how food safety behavior change programs should be framed to evoke improved behaviors and drafting items. The locus of control questionnaire was modeled after the Health Locus of Control Questionnaire. Self-efficacy questionnaire development included defining self-efficacy, identifying environmental contexts affecting self-efficacy, and constructing an item pool. The questionnaires were pretested with young adults (n= 180) and refined. A pilot test (n= 77) was conducted to further refine the beliefs and self-efficacy questionnaires. Finally, young adults (n= 4343, mean age 19.9 ± 1.7 SD y) from 21 universities and colleges across the country completed the questionnaires. Analysis of their responses revealed that these questionnaires met or exceeded standards indicative of high-quality psychosocial food safety measures. These questionnaires should be useful in generating baseline data from adults as well as establishing the value of these measures in assessing the effectiveness of food safety interventions.
Viral infections in the developing and mature brain.

A number of different RNA and DNA viruses can invade the brain and cause neurological dysfunction. These range from the tiny polio picornavirus, which has only 7kb of RNA genetic code that preferentially infects motor neurons, to the relatively large cytomegalovirus, which has >100 genes in its 235kb DNA genome and causes various neurological problems in the developing brain but is comparatively harmless to adults. This brief overview of some aspects of neurovirology addresses the complex problems that underlie an appreciation of the contribution of viral infections to brain disease. [This review is part of the INMED/TINS special issue Nature and nurture in brain development and neurological disorders , based on presentations at the annual INMED/TINS symposium (http://inmednet.com/).]
The question of routine neonatal circumcision.

Routine neonatal circumcision is the subject of much debate in the United States. The practice has attracted passionate advocates and critics. The analysis presented here examines the available medical evidence relating to routine neonatal circumcision in order to weigh its risks, costs, and benefits. This assessment is meant to help clinicians formulate their own recommendations about the advisability of prophylactic neonatal circumcision. Of the approximately 1.95 million boys born in the United States during 1987, 1.19 million, or 61 percent, were circumcised, according to the National Center for Health Statistics. Fees paid to physicians for the procedure generally range between . . .
Catecholamine-sensitive adenyl cyclase in cell-free preparations from rat cerebral cortex.

Abstract Adenyl cyclase activity in homogenates of rat cerebral cortex was stimulated by the catecholamines, norepinephrine and dopamine. Histamine and serotonin appeared to be ineffective. When the homogenate was subjected to differential centrifugation, catecholamine-sensitive adenyl cyclase activity was found in the 900 × g pellet and the crude mitochondrial fraction. The minimum effective dose of catecholamine required to stimulate adenyl cyclase activity in the original homogenate and in the two pellet fractions was 0.05 mM or less. The maximum amounts of additional adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate formed by these cell-free preparations in response to the catecholamine exceeded 5 nmoles/mg protein/hr.
Evidence for a free radical mechanism of N-demethylation of N,N-dimethylaniline and an analog by hemeprotein--H2O2 systems.

Abstract Horseradish peroxidase and metmyoglobin catalyze the H 2 O 2 -supported N -demethylation of N,N -dimethylaniline and N,N -dimethyl- p -toluidine. The catalytic activities of horseradish peroxidase are more than 100-fold larger than those of metmyoglobin or those previously reported for liver microsomal cytochrome P -450. Distinct free radical species of these N -methyl substrates were detected with both catalysts. These findings establish the general validity of a recently proposed free radical mechanism of oxidative N -demethylation ( Griffin, B. W., and Ting, P. L., Biochemistry (1978), 2206–2211 ), which is quite different from that previously suggested for the analogous cytochrome P -450-dependent reactions.
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in patients with preexisting gastroesophageal reflux disease : a national analysis.

Objectives To analyze the effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and to compare the results of LSG vs gastric bypass (GB) among patients with known GERD. Design, Setting, and Patients We performed a retrospective review of the Bariatric Outcomes Longitudinal Database from January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2010, including inpatient and all outpatient follow-up data. We compared patients undergoing LSG with a concurrent cohort undergoing GB. Main Outcomes and Measures Rates of improvement or worsening of GERD symptoms, development of new-onset GERD, and weight loss and complications. Results A total of 4832 patients underwent LSG and 33 867 underwent GB, with preexisting GERD present in 44.5% of the LSG cohort and 50.4% of the GB cohort. Most LSG patients (84.1%) continued to have GERD symptoms postoperatively, with only 15.9% demonstrating GERD resolution. Of LSG patients who did not demonstrate preoperative GERD, 8.6% developed GERD postoperatively. In comparison, GB resolved GERD in most patients (62.8%) within 6 months postoperatively ( P P Conclusions and Relevance Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy did not reliably relieve or improve GERD symptoms and induced GERD in some previously asymptomatic patients. Preoperative GERD was associated with worse outcomes and decreased weight loss with LSG and may represent a relative contraindication.
Tantalizing Tarot and Cute Cartomancy in Japan

A notable and markedly gendered development among Japanese fans of divination (uranai) and the occult is the increased desire for exotic tarot cards and other types of oracle card decks. This interest promotes new opportunities for the consumption of divination services, and fortune-telling experts offer extensive menus of card reading services in a wide range of settings. Consumers may buy beautiful, cute and novelty decks that cater to devotees of specific themes, manga, or anime, such as Hello Kitty, Evangelion, Little Twin Stars, and other adored characters. This essay understands divination cards anthropologically as a form of sensory contact between social actors that allows them to link the material world of objects with the abstract world of ideas, creating a shared universe of meaning. It looks at some of the newer forms of card divination, particularly borrowed, hybrid and reinvented practices that have emerged in recent years. I focus attention on an under-analysed girls' culture pastime that h...
Comparison of calculated aerosol backscatter at 9.1- and 2.1-μm wavelengths

The paper presents theoretical estimates of aerosol backscatter in the middle and upper troposphere at 9.1 and 2.1 microns, currently the primary and alternative Laser Atmospheric Wind Sounder wavelengths, respectively. It is shown that, in the middle and upper troposphere for low backscatter conditions, beta is higher at 2.1 microns than at 9.1 microns; for high backscatter conditions it is almost comparable.
The IRM curriculum model: an international curriculum model for a 4-year undergraduate program

In modern organizations, information resources are now recognized as the single most important asset of the organization and requires effective management that is highly trained and educated in information resources management. An international state-of-the-art information resources management curriculum for a four-year undergraduate level program is detailed in this document. The intention of this curriculum is to prepare students to understand the concepts of information resources management and technologies, methods, and management procedures to collect, analyze and disseminate information throughout organizations in order to remain competitive in the global business world. Core course descriptions, rationales, and objectives are outlined. Specific course topics and the percentage of emphasis are also included. The proposed IRM Curriculum Model should be considered as a general generic framework for customizing a specific curriculum in light of local needs and requirements.
THE INFLUENCE OF LAYOFF SEVERITY ON POSTLAYOFF UNION COMMITMENT AMONG SURVIVORS: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF THE PERCEIVED LEGITIMACY OF A LAYOFF ACCOUNT

This study used a moderated cross-level design to predict union commitment among 355 union survivors after layoffs. Survivors experiencing varying degrees of layoffs at 15 job sites judged the legitimacy of the company's layoff explanation. In each case, the account implicated the union as the agent responsible for the layoff decision. Company records were used to aggregate layoff severity within job site. Survey measures were used to assess retrospective belief in the account and commitment to the union after the layoff event. Based on interactional justice theory, a significant interaction was predicted between layoff severity and belief in the account as related to postlayoff union commitment. Survivors with higher levels of belief in the account were expected to be less committed to the union than those with moderate or lower levels of belief under more severe layoffs. Moderated regression analyses of overall commitment supported the expected interaction. Regression analyses of commitment components revealed that only willingness to work for the union was affected by the interaction. Additional analyses, in which the willingness to work component was regressed onto layoff severity within high to low belief subgroups, were also consistent with the prediction. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings for company and union officials in managing union survivors are discussed.
Effect of intravenous lidocaine on isoflurane MAC in dogs.

Lidocaine decreases minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of inhalational anesthetics. This study determined the influence of a low dose, 50 µg kg−1 minute−1 (LDI) and high dose, 200 µg kg−1 minute−1 (HDI) constant rate infusion of lidocaine on the MAC of isoflurane (I) in dogs. Ten mongrel dogs were anesthetized with I in oxygen and mechanically ventilated. End-tidal anesthetic (Fe′A) and CO2 (Pe′CO2) concentrations were monitored at the endotracheal tube adaptor with an infrared gas analyzer calibrated before each experiment with a standardized calibration gas mixture designed for the analyzer. Pe′CO2 and body temperature were maintained within normal limits. Noxious stimuli included clamping the hindlimb paw (HC) and electrical current (50 V at 50 cycles second−1 for 10 milliseconds pulse−1) applied subcutaneously to the forelimb (FE) at the level of the ulna. After an initial equilibration period of at least 40 minutes at an Fe′A of 1.7%, the Fe′A was decreased to a value close to the estimated MAC for dogs. MAC was defined as the Fe′A mid-way between the value permitting and preventing purposeful movement. Following baseline MAC, a loading dose of 2 mg kg−1 of lidocaine IV was administered over 3 minutes followed by the LDI, and MAC determinations for the combination started after 30 minutes of infusion. Once determined, the lidocaine infusion was stopped for 30 minutes and the dog maintained at the ETC that prevented movement without the lidocaine. Following this period, a second loading dose of lidocaine was given (2 mg kg−1) over 3 minutes followed by the HDI, and the MAC determination procedure repeated after 30 minutes of infusion. Data were analyzed using an anova for repeated measures. MAC of I was 1.34 ± 0.035% (mean ± SEM) for both the FE and HC stimuli. The LDI significantly decreased MAC to 1.09 ± 0.043% (18.7% reduction) and HDI to 0.76 ± 0.030% (43.3% reduction). In conclusion, lidocaine infusions decreased the MAC of isoflurane in a dose-dependent manner.
Reliable computation of homogeneous azeotropes

It is important to determine the existence and composition of homogeneous azeotropes in the analysis of phase behavior and in the synthesis and design of separation systems, from both theoretical and practical standpoints. A new method for reliably locating any and all homogeneous azeotropes for multicomponent mixtures is presented. The method also verifies the nonexistence of homogeneous azeotropes if none are present. The method is based on interval analysis, in particular an interval-Newton/generalized-bisection-algorithm providing a mathematical and computational guarantee that all azeotropes are located. This general-purpose technique can be applied in connection with any thermodynamic models. The technique is illustrated in several example problems using the Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC activity-coefficient models.
Seasonal record for alkenones in sedimentary particles from the Gulf of Maine

Abstract C37–39 alkenones and C36 alkenoates, biomarkers of haptophyte origin, were measured in a 10-month sediment trap times series from the Wilkinson Basin in the Gulf of Maine (GOM). Highest biomarker flux to the seabed was observed in summertime, the period when surface waters are stratified and a persistent, subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) exists within the upper thermocline and at the base of the euphotic zone throughout the GOM. Comparison of biomarker content and composition of sediment trap particles and underlying surface sediments indicates significant loss (>50%) of signal due to the impact of early diagenesis. Despite such loss, however, C37 alkenone unsaturation patterns (U37K′) are not altered. Estimates of algal growth temperature made from analysis of U37K′ in these sedimentary materials correspond with water temperature measured at the SCM, identifying this biological oceanographic feature as a key site of alkenone export production to the GOM sediment record. Given the common occurrence of SCM in surface waters of the world ocean, particularly the expansive oligotrophic regions of the subtropical to temperate ocean, export of alkenones produced within such features is a potentially widespread biological oceanographic phenomenon which shapes the sediment record for these biomarkers.
Stage-specific effects of sonic hedgehog expression in the epidermis.

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is expressed in the ectoderm of the forming hair follicle and feather bud during normal development. However, inappropriate activation of the Shh signal transduction cascade in human epidermis can cause basal cell carcinoma. Here we show that during normal development of avian skin, Shh is first expressed only after the responsiveness to this protein has been suppressed in most of the surrounding ectodermal cells. Forced expression of Shh in avian skin prior to this time causes a disorganized ectodermal proliferation. However, as skin begins to differentiate, the forced expression of Shh causes feather bud formation. Subsequently, expression of Shh in interfollicular epidermis has little or no morphological effect. Restricted responsiveness to Shh in developing skin has functional consequences for morphogenesis and may have important implications for cutaneous pathologies as well.
Particle beam weapons—a technical assessment

This article explores the feasibility of particle beam weapons, identifies the physical principles that would govern their operation, assesses the technical difficulties, and evaluates their potential uses.
The rate of imaging-histologic discordance of benign breast disease: a multidisciplinary approach to the management of discordance at a large university-based hospital

Abstract Background Suspicious abnormalities seen on screening mammography require further imaging and histologic analysis. Any imaging-histologic discordance necessitates further imaging or surgical excision. Methods A retrospective review of all patients with evidence of benign breast lesions having imaging-histologic discordance from January 2005 to December 2007 was compared with the results of a previous study from January 2002 to September 2004. Results Of 1,264 benign cases, 25 patients had discordance (2%). Surgical intervention was required in 14 of 25 of all discordant cases (56%). One discordant case was found to be malignant after open excision, giving a false-negative rate of 4%. Previous data reported an 8.8% discordance rate, with 65.2% requiring surgical intervention and a false-negative rate of 29.3%. On comparison, the rate of discordance and false-negative image-directed core biopsies were decreased ( P Conclusions An organized multidisciplinary approach to imaging-histologic discordance in benign breast disease decreases the rate of discordance and unnecessary surgical interventions.
Comparison of congestion controls for data services on ATM networks

The Internet consists of a network of networks. Internet users and service provides want to provide and receive multiple services. The legacy networks till now have provided narrow bandwidth that has restricted the range of services. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) can simultaneously deliver multiple services over one network and today ATM has become a component of the Internet. An ATM switch can deliver current Internet data using UBR or ABR services. Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) using AAL5 is the most common offering these days for data transport. Because UBR does not guarantee any QoS categories and it is a `best effort' service, cell-discarding protocols must coexist. Congestion control is always a host topic for data networks. In data networks many flow mechanisms to resolve network congestion have been proposed. Cell loss is one of the most important and critical categories for traffic management of data networking. We compare the well-known Early Packet Discard for UBR with Quantum Flow Control for ABR services with TCP over ATM. Simulation results are provided that allow a comparison of both techniques.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Giant cystic adenomatoid tumour of the uterus

A 44-year-old woman, para 2, was referred to our hospital with a giant multicystic mass in the pelvic cavity. She was otherwise well. Her serum CA125 and CA19 - 9 levels were within normal limits. ...
Loss of Heterozygosity or Intragenic Mutation, Which Comes First?

In the current issue of the American Journal of Pathology, Luttges and colleagues 1 describe careful molecular and immunohistochemical analyses of the presumed precursors to invasive adenocarcinomas of the pancreas, “pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias” (PanINs). 1 More than 80 lesions representing various grades of PanIN were microdissected and analyzed for allelic loss at chromosome arms 9p, 17p, and 18q. The authors coupled these molecular analyses with immunolabeling for the Dpc4 and p53 proteins, which are the products of established tumor-suppressor genes located on 18q and 17p, respectively. The results of these studies were extremely interesting. No allelic losses were detected in the histologically low-grade PanINs (PanINs-1), moderate losses were detected in intermediate-grade PanINs (PanINs-2), and abundant losses were detected in high-grade PanINs (PanINs-3). Of interest, allelic loss at 17p and 18q was often seen in intermediate-grade PanINs with normal p53 and Dpc4 expression, suggesting that in these lesions allelic loss occurs as the first genetic hit at these loci.
orthodenticle regulation during embryonic head development in Drosophila

Abstract The homeo☐ gene orthodenticle (otd) specifies anterior head development in the Drosophila embryo. otd -related genes are also found in vertebrates, with expression patterns suggesting that they are important for the development of anterior regions of the head and brain. Here, we analyze the molecular mechanisms by which otd expression is activated within its normal domain in the head and repressed outside this region. We demonstrate that, contrary to early models of embryonic pattern formation, high levels of the bicoid morphogen are not required for otd activation or for the establishment of anterior head structures. We also show that the terminal system contributes to otd activation in the head primordium. Finally, we identify a novel pathway mediated by the gap gene huckebein through which three maternal systems cooperate to repress otd expression at the anterior terminus of the embryo.
Asthma: classification of causes; a recommended classification and a critical review.

Abstract 1.1. Criteria are given by which causes of wheezing can be recognized and classified into: Group I: atopic (allergic) and infectious; Group II: reflex, psychogenic, physical, and chronic lung disease; Group III: cardiac, bronchial obstruction, and idiopathic. Seven reasons are given for adopting this classification. 2.2. In chronic asthma multiple types of causes are the rule. 3.3. Skin tests are helpful in the recognition of only one type of cause of wheezing, i.e., atopic (allergic). Other causes are recognized only by the application of the disciplines of internal medicine. 4.4. The popular classification into extrinsic and intrinsic asthma should be discontinued. Seven reasons are given. 5.5. Bronchial asthma is a redundant term. 6.6. Asthma is a syndrome, not a disease. 7.7. Accuracy and uniformity of diagnosis of asthma would be obtained if the Standard Nomenclature of Diseases and Operations required the diagnosis of "asthma" to be qualified by stating all recognized types of causes of wheezing in each case. Examples are: asthma, atopic (allergic); asthma, infectious; asthma, atopic, infectious, reflex; asthma, infectious, cardiac, physical, chronic emphysema. 8.8. Infection causes asthma. Ignorance of the mechanism by which cause produces effect is a poor reason for ignoring the indisputable fact that infection does cause wheezing.
Transition metal complex cations as reagents for gas-phase transformation of multiply deprotonated polypeptides

Triply deprotonated DGAILDGAILD was reacted in the gas-phase with doubly charged copper, cobalt, and iron metal complexes containing either two or three phenanthroline ligands. Reaction products result from two major pathways. The first pathway involves the transfer of an electron from the negatively charged peptide to the transition-metal complex. The other major pathway consists of the displacement of the phenanthroline ligands by the peptide resulting in the incorporation of the transition-metal into the peptide to form [M − 3H + XII]− ions, where X is Cu, Co, or Fe, respectively. The extent to which each pathway contributes is dependent on the nature of transition-metal complex. In general, bis-phen complexes result in more electron-transfer than the tris—phen complexes, while the tris—phen complexes result in more metal insertion. The metal in the complex plays a large role as well, with the Cu containing complexes giving rise to more electron transfer than the corresponding complexes of Co and Fe. The results show that a single reagent solution can be used to achieve two distinct sets of products (i.e., electron-transfer products and metal insertion products). These results constitute the demonstration of novel means for the gas-phase transformation of peptide anions from one ion type to another via ion/ion reactions using reagents formed via electrospray ionization.
Visual-manual commonality in size judgments

Visual-manual commonality was studied in terms of commonality of process and commonality of achievement. Fifty-four Ss madelarge-small categorical judgments about a set of stimuli presented in counterbalanced order through both the visual modality and the haptic, touch, or kinesthetic modality. Using a linear discriminant function model, analyses of the several visual-manual pairings were made on the basis of intra-S absolute differences in the weighting of the physical dimensions (process) and the degree of category separation (achievement). A correlational analysis revealed the independence of these measures, and analyses of variance revealed greater visual-haptic commonality for weighting systems and similar visual-haptic and visual-touch commonality for category separation. The results were interpreted in terms of similarities and differences in information gathering and processing characteristics.
College Students' Racial Attitudes and Friendship Diversity

Using the contact hypothesis as a theoretical framework, this study investigates the relationship between college students' racial attitudes and the diversity in their intercultural friendship networks. The results tend to support a conventional view of racial hierarchy, as students in this study categorized ethnic/racial groups into fairly dichotomized categories of Whites and non-Whites. In addition, students who reported fewer ethnically/racially different friends are more likely to define race by skin color than those who have more diverse friendship networks. Further, White students were more much more likely to see race as defined by skin color than students of color. Overall, results reveal an interesting relationship between these college students' racial attitudes and their friendship choices. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Minimum Competency Testing: Benefits and Dangers for the Handicapped Student.

Minimum competency testing programs, as currently constructed, may discriminate, or have the effect of discriminating against handicapped students. Action must be taken, this writer warns, to assure that such programs do not emerge as an exclusionary practice that will require years to overcome.