cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Iridociliary apposition in plateau iris syndrome persists after cataract extraction.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the ultrasound biomicroscopic appearance of the anterior segment before and after cataract extraction in eyes with plateau iris syndrome and to determine the effect of postoperative zonular relaxation on ciliary body position. Design Interventional case series. Methods Eyes with plateau iris syndrome scanned before and after cataract extraction between January 1994 and September 2001 were enrolled. The iridociliary relationship and the anterior chamber depth at a distance of 3 mm from the scleral spur were assessed. Results We examined six eyes of six patients. Mean patient age was 74.2 ± 6.4 years (standard deviation [SD]) (range, 65–81 years). Mean refractive error was + 1.0 ± 3.9 diopters [D] (range, −5.75–+5.50), and mean axial length was 21.85 ± 0.77 mm (range, 20.90–22.95 mm). All eyes had undergone laser iridotomy and argon laser peripheral iridoplasty before cataract extraction. Ultrasound biomicroscopy examination revealed a narrow angle and absence of a ciliary body sulcus in all eyes with focal areas of iridotrabecular apposition in three eyes. Following cataract extraction, the anterior chamber depth increased (P = .0006, paired t test), while the iridociliary contact remained unchanged. Conclusions Iridociliary apposition persists after cataract extraction in plateau iris syndrome. Whether the cause is congenital or acquired, or both, remains to be determined.
Quasielastic electron scattering and Coulomb sum rule in 4He.

Double differential cross sections for inelastic electron scattering from {sup 4}He have been measured at bombarding energies between 279 and 725 MeV. The longitudinal and transverse response functions were obtained for constant momentum transfer between 300 and 500 MeV/{ital c}. Plane-wave impulse approximation calculations overestimate the longitudinal response and produce fair agreement with the transverse part. The Coulomb sum is determined and compared with exact calculations. Within the experimental error the data exhaust the sum rule; this provides a first measurement of ground-state correlations.
Limits of chromatic zeros of some families of maps

Abstract Two families of maps are considered, one consisting of maps with two pentagons separated by n 5-rings, the other of maps with two n-gons separated by two n-rings. For each family, a homogeneous linear recursion is derived for the corresponding family of chromatic polynomials. It is shown that B5, B7, and B10 are limits of sequences of zeros from one or another of the families, where B n = 2(1+ cos 2π n ) .
Real knowing and real norms

Etude du caractere social de la connaissance et de l'approche sociologique de l'epistemologie definis par L. Alcoff dans son ouvrage intitule «Real knowing: new versions of the coherence theory» (1996). Examinant la conception immanente de la connaissance, ainsi que la these du fondationnalisme et du coherentisme concernant la structure de la justification de la croyance, l'A. critique l'approche discursive et inferentielle de la connaissance de la realite sociale que L. Alcoff repere dans la reflexion de Foucault sur les pratiques epistemiques et le pouvoir
Relationship between lymph nodal status and primary tumor control probability in tumors of the supraglottic larynx.

A retrospective review of 248 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx was undertaken to determine the relationship between the probability of control of the primary lesion, the extent of neck nodal disease at initial presentation, and its ultimate control. All patients were treated at the U.T. M. D. Anderson Hospital between 1960 and 1980, and had a minimum of 3 years follow-up. The primary lesion was staged T1 in 38 patients, T2 in 132, T3 in 50 and T4 in 28. The initial volume of neck nodal disease was scored on a scale of 0 (no palpable nodes) to 9 (bilateral neck nodes greater than 6 cm in diameter). All primary lesions were treated definitively with megavoltage radiation therapy. Treatment to the neck varied according to the extent of lymph node involvement. There was no significant difference in the range of total radiation doses delivered to the primary lesion, stage for stage, in patients who presented with clinically negative or positive nodes, or in those with controlled versus uncontrolled neck disease. Analysis of the probability of primary tumor control was made by life table methods because of the poorer survival expectation in node positive patients. For T1 and T2 primary lesions, any positive node decreased the probability of primary tumor control (p = 0.06). For T3 and T4 lesions, a single node less than 3 cm in diameter did not worsen the chance of primary tumor control, but any greater degree of lymph node involvement did (p = 0.03). For both T stage groupings, the probability of primary tumor control at 5 years decreased progressively with increasing neck nodal disease. Primary tumor control probability was also significantly associated with control of the neck disease, independent of the modality of neck treatment. No correlation could be demonstrated between the histological grade of the primary tumor and initial lymph node status or tumor control probability. Possible interpretations of this manifestation of biological heterogeneity are discussed.
RESPONSE TO “STEPS TOWARD A SCIENCE OF FREE WILL”: The Enduring Power of Agency and Control in Theoretical and Applied Psychology

This commentary addresses the origins and trajectory of the concepts of fate, will, agency, and determinism in Asian and Greco-Roman cultures, provides an analysis of the role of these concepts in the evolution of theological doctrine, and discusses the so-called “modern” and “post-modern” trends of both glorifying and gutting the “generic” human being as an agent of existential choice.
Bit map transformations in computerized 2D animation

Abstract This paper introduces problems that professional animators have to solve before the computer can be used to assist them in the production of cartoons. Many animation effects rely on simple transformations such as zoom, pan and rotation. In scan-and-paint systems, most drawings that are to be animated are scanned in and manipulated as bit maps. However, when transformations apply to bit maps, the use of simple transformation matrices does not work and more sophisticated computations are required to achieve smoothness in the animation and prevent object distortion. The paper presents the details of the computations that smooth rotation requires. It does not show, however, how such computationally intensive transformations can be optimized so that production time can be minimized.
Tectonic evolution of the Brooks Range ophiolite, northern Alaska

Abstract Analysis of internal structures of the Brooks Range ophiolite at the three largest and well-exposed klippen reveals a NE–SW structural grain that may parallel the original axis of magmatism of a slow spreading marginal ocean basin. Sub-parallel directions of lattice fabrics in olivine of mantle peridotite and shape fabrics in pyroxene and plagioclase of layered gabbro indicate that asthenospheric and magmatic flow was closely coupled. These structures, including the petrologic moho, mostly dip steeply to the NW and SE, with slightly oblique flow lineations. Sedimentary and volcanic cover deposits also dip SE. The few exposures found of sheeted dike complexes generally strike parallel, but dip orthogonal to both the petrologic moho and cover deposits. These structural features are locally disturbed by syn- and post-magmatic normal faults emblematic of slow-spreading ridge processes. However, the consistent geometry of structures over a distance of 200 km demonstrates not only that the magmatic system was organized in a similar manner to an oceanic ridge, but that there was little to no rotation of individual klippe during tectonic emplacement. Ductile fabrics related to tectonic emplacement yield top-to-the NNW sense of shear indicators. The basal thrust and accompanying serpentinized shear zone is mostly flat-lying and truncates the steeply dipping ductile fabric of the ophiolite. This relationship and paleomagnetic data from the igneous sequence suggest that flow fabrics were most likely moderately inclined at the time the ophiolite formed. Similar relationships are found at diapiric centers along oceanic ridges and in other ophiolite bodies.
Negative Third Order Optical Susceptibilities of Squaraines

Quantum Many-electron calculations based on Multiple-excited configuration interaction have been implemented on squaraine Molecules. It is found that certain squaraines possess negative third order optical susceptibilities (γ) even in the zero frequency limit. Our calculations agree well with the experimental results obtained by Dirk and co-workers[1] for anilinium squarylium (BSQ) in terms of the sign and Magnitude. High-lying two-photon states in squaraines are found to be always critically important. The sign of γ is found to depend on the electron donating ability of the two side groups in squaraines.
Commentary: defining hypnosis.

The invitation to comment on the new definition of hypnosis published by Division 30 of APA gives me (H.S.) an occasion to express some thoughts that I have had for quite some time. The article, “Forging Ahead: The 2003 APA Division 30 Definition of Hypnosis” (Green, Barabasz, Barrett & Montgomery, 2005), represents a major effort to consolidate various points of view in the field of hypnosis. After reading it, I became concerned that the resulting definition of hypnosis is more confusing than clarifying with its emphasis on various procedures and ceremonies including disagreements about mentioning the word “hypnosis.” Just as some regard a camel as a horse designed by a committee, I got the impression that the definition seems like a “camelized” version of a hypnotized horse. This led me to crystallize my thinking about our field after more than 50 years of working with trance phenomena during war and peace (Kardiner & H. Spiegel, 1947; H. Spiegel, 2000). During this period, I have engaged in an estimated 50,000 trance inductions. Inevitably, I made some observations and developed some convictions that I would like to share with a special concern for that large population of therapists who are chronically cynical about hypnosis. Then, I asked my wife, Marcia Greenleaf, PhD, to join me in adding her thoughts based on her experience in the field during the last 30 years.
Will diminishing cochlear delay affect speech perception in noise

AbstractObjective: Normal auditory systems appear well habituated to time/phase delays inherent to sound encoding along the hearing organ, sending frequency information non-simultaneously to the central auditory system. Eliminating, or simply perturbing, the cochlear delay might be expected to decrease speech recognition ability, especially under demanding listening conditions. Resources of a larger-scale investigation permitted a preliminary examination of this issue, particularly on a relevant timescale of empirically demonstrated cochlear delays. Design: In a randomized controlled trial study, word recognition was tested for mono-syllabic tokens treated digitally to exacerbate, if not diminish/nullify, such delays. Speech-weighted noise was used to interfere with listening to time-frequency reversed (nominally no delay) versus non-reversed (natural timing) transforms under three treatments of speech tokens: (1) original-digitally recorded; digitally processed to emphasize (2) transient versus (3) quasi...
Localization of the T4 phage ribonucleotide reductase B1 subunit gene and the nucleotide sequence of its upstream and 5' coding regions

The nucleotide (nt) sequence in a 757-bp [corrected] segment downstream from the intron-containing T4 phage thymidylate synthase gene (td) has been determined. This region was found to contain two open reading frames (ORFs). The first ORF(ORF2) [corrected] 261 bp [corrected] in length, is 24 [corrected] nt downstream from the td gene. The second ORF(ORF3) [corrected]) is 200 bp long at 558 [corrected] nt from the td gene and extends to the end of the Eco RI fragment. The amino acid (aa) sequence (66 aa residues) deduced from the second truncated ORF shows 59% homology to the sequence of the N-terminal portion of the ribonucleotide reductase large subunit of either Escherichia coli (B1 subunit) or mouse (M1 subunit). This tentatively identifies the truncated gene to be the 5' end of the T4 phage ribonucleotide reductase subunit B1 (nrdA) gene and pinpoints its exact location on the T4 phage genomic map. Southern hybridization analysis suggests good sequence homology among the nrdA genes of various T-even phages.
Trade Models with Differentiated Products

Why do prices differ? Although trade tends to equalize prices, some important differences persist. What is the source of the differences? For certain purposes, it may be important to distinguish two sets of prices: (a) the spatial distribution of prices of a given product (e.g., the prices of U.S. wheat in the United States and in the United Kingdom) and (b) relative prices of similar products in a common geographical market (e.g., price of U.S. wheat in the United Kingdom and the price of Canadian wheat in the United Kingdom).
Comparison of Base Shears Estimated from Floor Accelerations and Column Shears

This paper compares base shears computed from floor accelerations (inertial base shear) and column shears (structural base shear) for two mid-rise, multistory buildings due to a suite of 30 earthqu...
Fuzzy fusion between fluidodynamic and neural models for monitoring multiphase flows

Abstract In most of industrial applications and in the fields of scientific research phenomena are highly non-linear and/or they have high dimensionality. In such cases a model which describes exactly the phenomena is very hard to define, but often many simplified models describing the problems's phenomenology in particular conditions are available. The problem of the multiphase flow rate estimation in oil extraction and transport processes fills in with this class of problems. At present the most utilised approach to solve such problem is that of comparing all the available models and techniques and then choose the one which behaves better than the other in all different conditions. In our work we propose an approach in which all models are utilized with the task of getting a system which performes better than the best available model. In particular different mathematical models of multiphase flow rate estimation and neural models co-operate by using a meta-decision maker based on fuzzy theory. A discussion on new fuzzy discusion models is curried out and results on real data are shown.
Descent imager/spectral radiometer (DISR) instrument aboard the Huygens probe of Titan

The Huygen's probe of the atmosphere of Saturn's moon Titan includes one optical instrument sensitive to the wavelengths of solar radiation. The goals of this investigation fall into four broad areas: 1) the measurement of the profile of solar heating to support an improved understanding of the thermal balance of Titan and the role of the greenhouse effect in maintaining Titan's temperature structure; 2) the measurement of the size, vertical distribution, and optical properties of the aerosol and cloud particles in Titan's atmosphere to support studies of the origin, chemistry, life cycles, and role in the radiation balance of Titan played by these particles; 3) the composition of the atmosphere, particularly the vertical profile of the mixing ratio of methane, a condensable constituent in Titan's atmosphere; and 4) the physical state, composition, topography, and physical processes at work in determining the nature of the surface of Titan and its interaction with Titan's atmosphere. In order to accomplish these objectives, the Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer (DISR) instrument makes extensive use of fiber optics to bring the light from several different sets of foreoptics to a silicon CCD detector, to a pair of InGaAs linear array detectors, and to three silicon photometers. Together these detectors permit DISR to make panoramic images of the clouds and surface of Titan, to measure the spectrum of upward and downward streaming sunlight from 350 to 1700 nm at a resolving power of about 200, to measure the reflection spectrum of >= 3000 locations on the surface, to measure the brightness and polarization of the solar aureole between 4 and 30 degrees from the sun at 500 and 935 nm, to separate the direct and diffuse downward solar flux at each wavelength measured, and to measure the continuous reflection spectrum of the ground between 850 and 1600 nm using an onboard lamp in the last 100 m of the descent.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The millimeter/submillimeter spectrum of LiSH (X̃1A′): further investigations of the metal–sulfur bond

The pure rotational spectrum of LiSH and its 6Li and deuterium isotopomers has been recorded in the region 73–521 GHz using millimeter/sub-millimeter direct absorption techniques. These species were created by the reaction of H2S or D2S and lithium vapor in a dc discharge. Extensive Ka ladder structure was observed for all three isotopomers, indicating that LiSH is a near-prolate asymmetric top with a X1A′ electronic state. Rotational parameters have been determined for the three species, enabling the calculation of a rm(1) structure. The Li–S–H bond angle was found to be 93°, indicating a high degree of covalent bonding in this molecule.
Ultrahigh-frequency performance of submicrometer-gate ion-implanted GaAs MESFETs

A study of the high-frequency performance of short-gate ion-implanted GaAs MESFETs with gate lengths of 0.3 and 0.5 mu m is discussed. Excellent DC and microwave performance have been achieved with an emphasis on the reduction of effective gate length during device fabrication. From f/sub t/ of 83 and 48 GHz for 0.3-0.5- mu m gate devices, respectively, an electron velocity of 1.5*10/sup 7/ cm/s is estimated. An f/sub t/ of 240 GHz is also projected for a 0.1- mu m-gate GaAs MESFET. These experimental results are believed to be comparable to those of the best HEMTs (high-electron-mobility transistors) reported and higher than those generally accepted for MESFETs. >
Delayed spatial alternation deficits resulting from perinatal PCB exposure in monkeys

Monkeys exposed to low, chronic levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in utero and during nursing until 4 months after birth were tested at 4–6 years of age on delayed spatial alternation (DSA), a spatial learning and memory task. Deficits in performance accuracy were detected in two cohorts of monkeys whose mothers had been fed 2.5 ppm of the PCB mixture, Aroclor 1248, in their diet for an 18-month period ending at least 12 months prior to pregnancy. The deficit was most apparent at the shorter delays, suggesting that it was not due to memory impairment, but may have been due to impairments in associational or attentional processes. There may also have been a deficit in a group of monkeys whose mothers were fed 1.0 ppm of the PCB mixture, Aroclor 1016. However, the deficit in this group was less pronounced than in the other groups. The appearance of a PCB-induced cognitive deficit more than 3 years after the end of exposure indicated the existence of very long-term adverse consequences of low-level perinatal PCB exposure.
Reversion of a cohesive end site mutant of bacteriophage λ by recombination with a defective prophage

Abstract In the preceding report [Fisher, R., Krizsanovich-Williams, K., and Feiss, M. (1980), Virology 106 , 000-000] the construction and characterization of λ cos 1, a mutant of λ with a cis -acting block in chromosome packaging, was described. The cos 1 mutation was shown to be a 0.4-kilobase deletion that extends from cos into gene Nu 1. Here we describe the unexpected result that λ cos 1 reverts to λ cos + . We find that λ cos 1 reverts by acquiring DNA from its Escherichia coli K12 host by a rec A-dependent mechanism. Genetic and physical studies of cos + revertants that contain chromosome additions show that a cryptic prophage, called the qsr prophage, contains λ-homologous sequences including cos . Revertants of cos 1 are also recovered from an E. coli K12 strain that is deleted for part of qsr . A model for reversion is presented, and its implications for sequence organization in E. coli are discussed.
Horizontal versus vertical dark-adapted pupil diameters in normal individuals

Purpose To determine the distribution of the difference between the horizontal and vertical dark-adapted entrance pupil diameters (PDs) in normal individuals. Setting Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA. Methods In this observational cohort study, high-magnification infrared pupil photography was performed of the right eye of 26 normal volunteers from 20 to 47 years of age. The horizontal and vertical PDs were measured using commercially available digital-image software, taking into account the effect of photographic parallax. Results In 24 subjects (85%), the vertical PD was larger than the horizontal PD; in 8 subjects (31%), it was 0.30 mm to 0.50 mm larger. In 2 subjects, the horizontal diameter was slightly larger but the difference was Conclusions In this study population, the vertical PD was larger than the horizontal PD in most subjects. Although the difference was a fraction of the total PD, it may be important for laser refractive surgery planning and preoperative risk counseling of some patients.
Unheard Voices: Institutional Repository End-Users.

This exploratory study investigates the perceptions and experiences of a group of institutional repository (IR) stakeholders seldom heard from: end-users. We interviewed twenty IR end-users recruited through five IRs to discover how they characterize the IR, how/why they use the IR, their credibility judgments in relation to the IR, and their willingness to return to and/or recommend the IR. Despite our small sample size, we were able to ascertain that IR end-users, although not yet loyal IR devotees, recognize their value and unique nature. Our findings also revealed several areas for improvement, such as lack of visibility and transparency
Analysis of MUC1, MUC 16 and TAG 72 expression in ovarian cancer: Antigens for multi-targeted antibody guided therapy

B36 Objective: Approximately 16,000 women die in United States every year due to lack of an effective therapy for advanced stage ovarian cancer. Existing chemotherapy and surgical procedures employed for the treatment of ovarian cancer have their own limitations. The single antigen directed intraperitoneal radioimmunotherapy (IRIT) for ovarian cancer has shown only a limited success due to the heterogeneous presentation of tumor associated antigens (TAAs). To increase the therapeutic efficacy, a multi-targeting approach appears logical. Therefore, the expression of MUC1, MUC16 and TAG72 in alone and in combination was analyzed for developing an effective multi-targeted antibody guided therapy for ovarian cancer.Methods: Ovarian cancer tissue microarray slides were used containing 92 spots, including 72 various cancer types and 20 benign/non-neoplastic tissue samples. Using immunohistochemical analysis, we studied the expression of MUC1, MUC 16 and TAG 72 individually with Vectastain Elite ABC kit. Biocare medical chromagen staining kit was used for double and triple staining. The staining intensity and percent positive cells were recorded by a pathologist to calculate the mean composite scores. Paired t-test statistical analyses were performed to determined correlation between antigen expression with early and advanced stage.Results: In the majority of the ovarian cancer samples, TAG72, MUC1 and MUC16 showed a heterogeneous expression. Among all ovarian cancer types, 72, 61 and 50 percent samples showed immunoreactivity for TAG72, MUC1 and MUC16, respectively. Of the 48 epithelial ovarian cancer samples, TAG72, MUC1 and MUC16 expression was present in 89.5, 87.5 and 73 percent of cases, respectively. While upon combining the three markers, 98% of ovarian cancer samples were targeted. Expression of these antigens was significantly (p
Labor Contracts as Partial Gift Exchange

This paper explains involuntary unemployment in terms of the response of firms to workers' group behavior. Workers' effort depends upon the norms determining a fair day's work. In order to affect those norms, firms may pay more than the market-clearing wage. Industries that pay consistently more than the market-clearing wage are primary, and those that pay only the market-clearing wage are secondary. Thus, this paper also gives a theory for division of labor markets between primary and secondary. INTRODUCTION In a study of social relations among workers at a utility company in the eastern United States, George Homans [1953, 1954] observed that a small group of young women (doing a job called “cash posting”) exceeded the minimum work standards of the firm by a significant margin (i.e., on average by 15 percent). Most of these women neither desired nor expected promotion in the firm in return for their troubles. Why did they do it? Section II shows that the standard neoclassical model cannot simultaneously explain both the behavior of the firm and the behavior of the cash posters. But, as shown in Section III, application of a standard sociological model does explain the behavior of both the young women and their employer. According to this model, in their interaction workers acquire sentiment for each other and also for the firm.
A Trellis-Structured Neural Network

We have developed a neural network which consists of cooperatively interconnected Grossberg on-center off-surround subnets and which can be used to optimize a function related to the log likelihood function for decoding convolutional codes or more general FIR signal deconvolution problems. Connections in the network are confined to neighboring subnets, and it is representative of the types of networks which lend themselves to VLSI implementation. Analytical and experimental results for convergence and stability of the network have been found. The structure of the network can be used for distributed representation of data items while allowing for fault tolerance and replacement of faulty units.
Class-Restricted Clustering and Microperturbation for Data Privacy

The extensive use of information technologies by organizations to collect and share personal data has raised strong privacy concerns. To respond to the public's demand for data privacy, a class of clustering-based data masking techniques is increasingly being used for privacy-preserving data sharing and analytics. Although they address reidentification risks, traditional clustering-based approaches for masking numeric attributes typically do not consider the disclosure risk of categorical confidential attributes. We propose a new approach to deal with this problem. The proposed method clusters data such that the data points within a group are similar in the nonconfidential attribute values, whereas the confidential attribute values within a group are well distributed. To accomplish this, the clustering method, which is based on a minimum spanning tree MST technique, uses two risk-utility trade-off measures in the growing and pruning stages of the MST technique, respectively. As part of our approach we also propose a novel cluster-level microperturbation method for masking data that overcomes a common problem of traditional clustering-based methods for data masking, which is their inability to preserve important statistical properties such as the variance of attributes and the covariance across attributes. We show that the mean vector and the covariance matrix of the masked data generated using the microperturbation method are unbiased estimates of the original mean vector and covariance matrix. An experimental study on several real-world data sets demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach. This paper was accepted by Sandra Slaughter, information systems.
A friendly Fortran DDE solver

DKLAG6 is a FORTRAN 77 code widely used to solve delay differential equations (DDEs). Like all the popular Fortran DDE solvers, new users find it formidable and in many respects, it is not easy to use. We have applied our experience writing DDE solvers in Matlab and the capabilities of Fortran 90 to the development of a friendly Fortran DDE solver. How we accomplished this may be of interest to others who would like to modernize legacy code. In the course of developing a completely new user interface, we have added significantly to the capabilities of DKLAG6.
Disseminated enteroinvasive aspergillosis in a critically ill patient without severe immunocompromise

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a rapidly progressive and often fatal infectious disease described classically in patients who are highly immunocompromised. However, there has been increasing evidence that IA may affect critically ill patients without traditional risk factors. We present a case of a 47-year-old man without conventional risk factors for IA who presented with impending sepsis and proceeded to have a complicated hospital course with a postmortem diagnosis of invasive gastrointestinal aspergillosis of the small bowel.
Multi-level logic optimization of FSM networks

Current approaches to compute and exploit the flexibility of a component in an FSM network are all at the symbolic level. Conventionally, exploitation of this flexibility relies on state minimizers for incompletely specified FSMs (ISFSMs) or pseudo non-deterministic FSMs (PNDFSM's). However, state-of-the art state minimizers cannot handle large ISFSMs or PNDFSMs. In addition, these exploitation techniques are at the symbolic level, not directly at the net-list logic level. We present a general approach to exploit exact or approximate flexibility directly at the net-list logic level, and we demonstrate that many sequential logic optimization techniques can be applied in exploitation. Moreover, we propose a new procedure for input don't care sequences. As a result, both computation and exploitation of input don't care sequences in larger FSM networks can be made efficient and effective. Finally, we give preliminary results on some artificially constructed FSM networks. Preliminary results indicate that our approach can be effective in reducing the size of a component of an FSM network.
The Effect of Estradiol on RNA Synthesis in Preimplantation Mouse Embryos Cultured in vitro

The effect of 17beta-estradiol in concentrations ranging from 10 (-5) M to 10 (-9) M on RNA synthesis in preimplantation mouse embryos was studied in vitro. Incubation with tritiated-uridine and estradiol for 1/2 to 24 hours had little effect on RNA synthesis. Further RNA synthesis was not markedly affected with 8-cell and blastocyst embryos were incubated with estradiol for 21 hours followed by incubation with tritiated-uridine for 3 hours. Possible explanations for the observed results are advanced.
Hamann’s “Authorship”: Content (Faith)

Hamann used the term “authorship” to refer to his public writings (as over against his private letters), and in a more general sense to his entire career of being the “wooden arm” to point men to Christ in his age, or “the voice of a preacher in the wilderness who would prepare the way for the King of our hearts and desires”, or the “Wise Man in the North” who — residing on old Canal Street in Konigsberg, north of the centers of “Enlightenment” — would, like the Wise Men from the East, bring gifts to the Christ-child.
Epoch length to accurately estimate the amplitude of interference EMG is likely the result of unavoidable amplitude cancellation.

Researchers and clinicians routinely rely on interference electromyograms (EMGs) to estimate muscle forces and command signals in the neuromuscular system (e.g., amplitude, timing, and frequency content). The amplitude cancellation intrinsic to interference EMG, however, raises important questions about how to optimize these estimates. For example, what should the length of the epoch (time window) be to average an EMG signal to reliably estimate muscle forces and command signals? Shorter epochs are most practical, and significant reductions in epoch have been reported with high-pass filtering and whitening. Given that this processing attenuates power at frequencies of interest ( 250 Hz) improves EMG estimates.
Small-Scale Spiral Bands Observed in Hurricanes Andrew, Hugo, and Erin

Abstract Analysis of radar data taken from the three intense hurricanes that passed close to WSR-57 and WSR-88D radar sites at their point of landfall illustrate small-scale spiral bands that are frequently observed within 100 km or so of the hurricane center. Faintly visible in the radar reflectivity images, these bands have scales of 10 km across the band and can extend for 100 km as they spiral outward in a clockwise fashion. They appear to move around the hurricane with speeds close to the tangential wind at the level of the bands and are characterized by enhanced updrafts with higher equivalent potential temperature in the regions of elevated reflectivity. They induce wind speed variations of at least 8 m s−1 across the bands. The authors suggest that these small-scale hurricane spiral bands are similar to boundary layer rolls although they extend through depths of 5–6 km, which is more than would be expected for rolls in the boundary layer near the sea. The data presented here are not sufficient to ...
Improving Farmers’ Perception and Use of Climate Predictions in Farming Decisions: A Transition Model

Despite tremendous efforts to improve weather and climate predictions and to inform farmers about the use of such weather products, farmers’ attitudes toward forecast use remain poor and farmer use of forecasts has not increased. This paper describes features of a new conceptual model for facilitating farmers’ use of weather products and offers preliminary evidence for its effectiveness based on a test-of-concept prototype. The prototype system provides farmers with contextualized information, the opportunity to use that information in relevant farming contexts, and collaborative interaction with other users. In addition, scaffolding and feedback are incorporated in the model to enhance learning and motivation. Surveys before and after use of the prototype system, and focus-group discussion after system use, were conducted to obtain evaluations from 15 farmers in southeastern Nebraska. Farmers’ evaluations of the system were moderately positive and indicated greater intentions to use the products in the future than they had in the past. However, farmers only slightly increased their positive expectancies of various general categories of weather and climate products, supporting the difficulties associated with changing overall attitudes when attempting to transfer scientific improvements into practical uses. It is suggested that multiple exposures to such a system and more individualized and personally relevant use opportunities may further enhance the power of the proposed model.
Regeneration review reprise

There have been notable advances in the scientific understanding of regeneration within the past year alone, including two recently published in BMC Biology. Increasingly, progress in the regeneration field is being inspired by comparisons with stem cell biology and enabled by newly developed techniques that allow simultaneous examination of thousands of genes and proteins.
Bayesian Wavelet-Based Methods for the Detection of Multiple Changes of the Long Memory Parameter

Long memory processes are widely used in many scientific fields, such as economics, physics, and engineering. Change point detection problems have received considerable attention in the literature because of their wide range of possible applications. Here we describe a wavelet-based Bayesian procedure for the estimation and location of multiple change points in the long memory parameter of Gaussian autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average models (ARFIMA(p,d,q)), with unknown autoregressive and moving average parameters. Our methodology allows the number of change points to be unknown. The reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is used for posterior inference. The method also produces estimates of all model parameters. Performances are evaluated on simulated data and on the benchmark Nile river dataset
Estimation of Cointegrated Systems with I(2) Processes

This paper considers the properties of systems likelihood procedures for cointegrated systems when the I(2) variables are present. Two alternative methods are proposed: one is based on the full system likelihood, whereas another is based on the subsystem likelihood. By eliminating all unit roots in the system by the use of prior information concerning the presence of unit roots, these procedures yield estimates whose asymptotic distributions are mixed normal, free from nuisance parameters, and median-unbiased. Both methods are extensions of a full system maximum likelihood procedure by Phillips (1991a) to I(2) models. Three cases of cointegration with I(2) variables are considered in order to cover a wide variety of cointegration relationships. A triangular ECM representation and the two ML estimates are derived for each case, and the asymptotics are discussed as well. The asymptotic efficiency concerning the two estimates are considered.
Refining light-use efficiency calculations for a deciduous forest canopy using simultaneous tower-based carbon flux and radiometric measurements

Abstract The concept of light-use efficiency (LUE) is the underlying basis for estimating carbon exchange in many ecosystem models, especially those models that utilize remote sensing to constrain estimates of canopy photosynthesis. An understanding of the factors that control the efficiency with which forest canopies harvest available light to fix carbon via photosynthesis is therefore necessary for the development of useful production efficiency models. We present an analysis of observations of daily LUE for 2004 in a northern hardwood stand at the Bartlett Experimental Forest CO 2 flux tower, White Mountains, New Hampshire (USA). We used eddy covariance measurements to estimate gross carbon exchange (GCE), and radiometric instruments mounted above and below the canopy to estimate the fraction of incident photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the canopy ( f APAR). Both GCE and f APAR show strong seasonal and day-to-day variability that contribute to temporal variation in LUE. During the middle of the growing season, when f APAR is relatively constant, day-to-day variation in LUE is largely explained ( r 2 = 0.85) by changes in the ratio of diffuse to total downwelling radiation, but is not strongly correlated with any other measured meteorological variable. We also calculated top-of-canopy NDVI based on measurements of reflected radiation at 400–700 and 305–2800 nm. Seasonal variation in this broadband NDVI paralleled that of the 500 m MODIS pixel containing the flux tower. The relationship between broadband NDVI and f APAR is approximately linear during green-up, but non-linear during autumn senescence. This seasonal hysteresis has implications for the use of remote sensing indices (such as NDVI or EVI) in satellite estimation of f APAR for production efficiency modeling.
Drip instabilities of continental lithosphere: acceleration and entrainment by damage

SUMMARY Geological evidence indicates large-volume lithospheric drip instabilities form under regions of continental lithosphere. The size of these drips suggests that either the base of the lithosphere is volumetrically increased or the highly viscous upper lithosphere participates in the drip. Previous theoretical models using simple rheologies have been unable to produce unforced large-volume drip instabilities. Thus large drip instabilities are typically induced by thickening or destabilizing the mobile base of the lithosphere through tectonic forcing, such as convergent thickening or dense magmatic emplacement following extension. Here, we propose a theory of lithospheric drip instabilities that may arise naturally from the thermal and rheological structure of Earth, independent of specific tectonic forcings. Using damage physics relevant for Earth, we find a large portion of the lithosphere may be mobilized and entrained into growing drip instabilities. For a critical amount of damage, the growth is accelerated sufficiently that large-volume drip instabilities may form within geologically feasible time-frames. We therefore suggest large-volume lithospheric drip instabilities may arise independently of tectonic settings through damage-assisted mobilization and entrainment of the highly viscous lithosphere.
Improvisational Theater and Insights into the Function of Habit in Occupation

Various authors have recently approached the study of habit in occupation using a Deweyan understanding. This paper serves to further develop the theoretical and empirical literature on habit and advocate for focused research on the role of habit in occupation. An ethnographic study was conducted on an improvisational theater class to investigate how habits function in the particular occupation of “improvisational theater.” Ethnographic methods including interviews, audio recordings of in-class performances, field notes, and participant observation were used during weekly sessions over a 13 week period. The study of improvisational theater revealed extended understandings of the role of habit in occupation including the following: habits contributed to continuity of action, habits allowed for shared meaning making, participants embodied habitual ways of being in the material world, and habits contributed to possibilities, constraints, and change. In the discussion, it is proposed that the continued study ...
REALISTIC CAPACITY LIMITS FOR MARINE PASSENGER SAFETY: ADULT BODY WEIGHT DISTRIBUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES

Transportation and lift systems usually incorporate maximum capacity specifications for design, testing, and operation. Whether maximum capacity is specified directly in kilograms, or indirectly as maximum number of adults, user safety depends on accurate and logical relationships between system specifications and the upper limits of body weight distributions in the user population. This study utilizes recent data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and bootstrap methodology to establish meaningful weight capacity limits for small (10 person) marine craft, concluding that the average adult weight of 75 kg used to establish capacity limits for small marine craft in several ISO standards is far too low to represent contemporary US adults. This study indicates that a randomly selected group of 10 adult males will exceed the 750 kg capacity 97.6% of the time, and a group of 5 adult males and 5 adult females will exceed the 750 kg capacity 80.1% of the time. In fact, this study suggests that a design and testing assumption of 97.5 kg per adult (975 kg for 10 people) is needed to ensure that groups of 10 adult males (the worst case for small craft design) are within capacity limits 95% of the time. Language: en
Full waveform inversion of a 3-D source inside an artificial rock

A full waveform inversion of the kinematics of a 3-D source inside an artificial rock plate in presented. The source is provided by a piezoelectric disc embedded inside a gypsum plate, excited by an arbitrary electrical signal. Elastic waves emitted from the source propagated through the plate and are recorded by an array of wide-band highfidelity microseismic displacement sensors. This microseismic data is then inverted by deconvolving the recorded signals with the theoretical Green’s functions to obtain the kinematics of the source modeled by force couples. The force time functions thus inverted are justified qualitatively to the known mechanical behavior and compared quantitatively to simplified electro-acoustic equations. For the first time, the combined use of wide-band high-fidelity sensor, Green’s functions incorporating Q damping, effective point source theory, and linear deconvolution yield physically justified time functions of the source kinematics.
Delay bounded rate and power control in energy harvesting wireless networks

In this paper, we show that packet blocking probability at the transmitter can be traded off with average queue delay for fading channels in environmentally powered wireless networks with bursty packet arrivals. Varying the size of the energy storage unit as well as that of the transmit buffer queue aids in the trade off. We cast the problem into a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and use Dynamic Programming to obtain the optimal scheduler. Further, we develop two different low complexity schedulers that achieve near optimal performance in different system settings.
Evaluating the usability of a mobile clinical computing device.

Observational ethnography of qualitative impressions and quantitativ e measurement of user reactions were employed in a sample of experience d nurses to measure the usability of the Motion C5 Mobile Clinical Assistant (C5) in a simulated clinical environment . Semi -struct ured interviews, surveys, and quantitative analysis of observations suggest a positive level of usability and satisfaction with the C5.
Hornbills Buceros spp. and culture in northern Borneo: Can they continue to co-exist?

Abstract Helmeted Buceros vigil and rhinoceros B. rhinoceros hornbills are large, conspicuous birds in the forests of northern Borneo. Both are of enormous importance in local culture, being the subject of legends, ceremonies and beliefs. Tail feathers of both species are used in traditional costumes and dancing. Both are also hunted for their meat. Changes in access, technology and rural lifestyles mean that hunting is causing populations to decline or become locally extinct. The birds breed slowly and occur at low natural densities. Thus, hunting levels must be extremely low to be sustainable. A single team of traditional dancers uses about 400 rhinoceros hornbill feathers, which involves killing 40 birds. To hunt these sustainably, and to re-supply new feathers every five years, about 205 km2 of forest is needed. Hunting levels currently exceed this in almost all forests in northern Borneo. A series of measures is needed to ensure that these birds survive in Borneo's forests, and not just in legend and in the form of a few decaying artefacts.
Founding Digital Currency on Secure Computation

Most current digital currency schemes and associated ledgers are either centralized or completely distributed similar to the design adopted by Bitcoin. Centralized schemes enable accountability, but leave the privacy of users' identities and transactions in the hands of one organization. Distributed schemes can ensure better privacy but provide little accountability. In this paper we design a privacy-preserving proactively-secure distributed ledger and associated transaction protocols that can be used to implement an accountable digital currency that inherits the ledger's privacy and security features. One of the main technical challenges that we address is dealing with the increase in ledger size over time, an unavoidable aspect as the currency spreads and the ledger is required to be maintained for a long time in the future. We accomplish this by reducing the distributed (secret-shared) storage footprint and the required bandwidth and computation for proactively refreshing the ledger to ensure long-term confidentiality and security. In the full version, we provide performance analysis of some of the subprotocols to estimate the time required to perform transactions and the proactive refreshing of the ledger.