cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Health Services Research in Rehabilitation and Disability-The Time is Now

Policy drives practice, and health services research (HSR) is at the intersection of policy, practice, and patient outcomes. HSR specific to rehabilitation and disability is particularly needed. As rehabilitation researchers and providers, we are uniquely positioned to provide the evidence that guides reforms targeting rehabilitative care. We have the expertise to define the value of rehabilitation in a policy-relevant context. HSR is a powerful tool for providing this evidence. We need to continue building capacity for conducting rigorous, timely rehabilitation-related HSR. Fostering stakeholder engagement in these research efforts will ensure we maintain a patient-centered focus as we address the "Triple Aim" of better care, better health, and better value. In this Special Communication we discuss the role of rehabilitation researchers in HSR. We also provide information on current resources available in our field for conducting HSR and identify gaps for capacity building and future research. Health care reforms are a reality, and through HSR we can give rehabilitation a strong voice during these transformative times.
Full life-cycle models from ring-recovery data: estimating fecundity from age ratios at capture

Tag-recovery data from organisms captured and marked post breeding are commonly used to estimate juvenile and adult survival. If annual fecundity could also be estimated, tagging studies such as European and North American bird-ringing schemes could provide all parameters needed for building full life-cycle projection models. I modified existing tag-recovery models to allow estimation of annual fecundity using age composition and recapture probabilities obtained during routine banding operations of northern pintails (Anas acuta) and dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis), and I conducted simulations to assess estimator performance in relation to sample size. For pintails, population growth rate from band-recovery data (λ = 0.929, SD 0.060) was similar but less precise than count-based estimates from the Waterfowl Breeding Pair and Habitat Survey (λ 0.945, SE 0.001). Models with temporal variation in vital rates indicated that annual population growth in pintails was driven primarily by variation in fecundity. Juncos had lower survival but greater fecundity, and their estimated population growth rate (λ 1.01, SD 0.19) was consistent with count-based surveys (λ 0.986). Simulations indicated that reliable (CV 1000 same-season live encounters. Although precision of survival estimates depended primarily on numbers of adult recoveries, estimates of population growth rate were most sensitive to total number of live encounters. Synthesis and applications: Large-scale ring-recovery programmes could be used to estimate annual fecundity in many species of birds, but the approach requires better data curation, including accurate assessment of age, better reporting of banding totals and greater emphasis on obtaining and reporting same-season live encounters.
A mutant of Escherichia coli with altered inducer specificity for the fad regulon

Abstract A novel regulatory mutant of the fatty acid degradation ( fad ) regulon of Escherichia coli was isolated. This mutant, D-2, was induced to synthesize the fatty acid β-oxidation enzymes during growth on decanoate and laurate whereas the wild type strain was induced only when fatty acids with a chain length greater than 12 carbon atoms were present in the growth medium. The fatty acid specificity of the acyl CoA synthetase was also changed in strain D-2. The data are consistant with the hypothesis that acyl CoA's themselves are the inducers of the fad regulon and suggest that strain D-2 may synthesize an altered fad regulatory protein. The results also suggest that the acyl CoA synthetase may possess regulatory as well as enzymatic activity.
Effects of fiber dispersion and flaw size distribution on the composite properties of PVA-ECC

Over the last decade, Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) containing Poly-Vinyl Alcohol fibers (PVA-ECC) have been extensively researched and used in a wide variety of structural applications utilizing the composite’s high tensile ductility and durability. Fiber and flaw size distributions of PVA-ECC, which greatly affect its composite properties, have been studied in this research using fluorescence imaging and optical microscopy. Statistical analysis revealed a double-Gaussian best-fit distribution showing possible non-conservative preferential alignment of fibers in dogbone specimens along the longitudinal axis of the specimen. Maximum flaw sizes at various sections ranged from 0.6 to 6.3 mm with a combination of lognormal and Gaussian distributions best-fitting the observed data. The effects of the above statistical distributions on composite stress-strain behavior are studied using micromechanics and scale-linking models. The predicted composite properties are then compared with the experimental data of the direct uniaxial tension tests on PVA-ECC dogbone specimens.
The Art of Modeling

There is more to modeling than the act of modeling. To be an effective modeler requires understanding the different types of models and when one type of model is more appropriate than another, how to select a model from a family of similar models, how to evaluate a model’s goodness of fit, how to present modeling results both verbally and graphically to others, and to do all these tasks within an ethical framework. This chapter lays the groundwork for the rest of the book and covers these topics with an eye toward applying these concepts across the other chapters.
Land-Use Legacies of Cultivation in Shrublands: Ghosts in the Ecosystem

Shrublands across the West are currently threatened by land uses such as urban sprawl, energy development, and agricultural development which impact ecosystem function through altered fire cycles, expansion of invasive species, modified hydrology, and intensified soil erosion. Historically, shrubland ecosystems have already been impacted by many of these same disturbances. Unlike our forested ecosystems, much of the land-use history in our shrublands has been forgotten or ignored. But our human endeavor can leave lasting changes on the landscape, referred to as “land-use legacies”, for decades to centuries. Looking for land-use legacies does not equate with looking for someone to blame. People have always sought to use the resources from the land on which they live. By not recognizing land-use legacies, however, we are not taking full advantage of the potential to learn about how shrublands respond to and recover from a myriad of disturbances. This paper will highlight one of the overlooked land uses within shrublands associated with homesteading cultivation. Understanding what has happened on the landscape in the past can offer a great deal of information regarding its potential in the future. ____________________________________ In Monaco, T.A. et al. comps. 2011. Proceedings – Threats to Shrubland Ecosystem Integrity; 2010 May 18-20; Logan, UT. Natural Resources and Environmental Issues, Volume XVII. S.J. and Jessie E. Quinney Natural Resources Research Library, Logan Utah, USA.
Reactive Integrated Mission and Motion Planning for Mobile Robotic Manipulators

Formal design of integrated task and motion planning of mobile manipulators in a common workspace, where other agents can also manipulate objects in the workspace, is a challenging research question due to the tight coupling between agents, dynamic environments, and the complexity of mission specifications. We are therefore motivated to propose a multi-layered reactive integrated mission and motion planning for mobile-robotic manipulator systems that are operating in a partially known environment. At the high-level, it receives high-level mission specifications that are expressed in linear temporal logic, and a mission planner constructs a symbolic two-player game between the robots and their environment to synthesize a strategy that adapts to changes in the workspace imposed by other robots. A bilateral synergistic layer is developed to map the designed mission plan to an integrated task and motion planner, which constructs a set of robot tasks to move the objects according to the mission strategy. In the low-level planning stage, verifiable motion controllers are designed that can be incrementally composed to guarantee a safe motion planning for each high-level induced task.
Predictors of acute kidney injury after infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in octogenarians.

Abstract Objective Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common postoperative complication after abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, limited studies have investigated this complication in elderly patients. This study aims to evaluate AKI in octogenarians after open endovascular AAA repair (OAR) and endovascular AAA repair (EVAR). Methods Data were obtained from the Vascular Quality Initiative database on all patients who underwent elective infrarenal AAA repair between January 2003 and April 2017. Univariate analysis was used to compare AKI rates as well as failure to rescue after AKI between octogenarians and nonoctogenarians in OAR and EVAR. Stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis was implemented to identify independent predictors and develop a risk calculator of AKI in octogenarians undergoing AAA repair. Results A total of 27,993 patients (12% OAR and 88% EVAR) were included, of which 6708 (24%) were octogenarians (OAR, 332; EVAR, 6376). Postoperative AKI was more common in octogenarians as compared with nonoctogenarians in OAR (15.1% vs 10.1%; P = .01) and EVAR (4.2% vs 2.7%; P Conclusions AKI is a serious complication after AAA repair, especially in octogenarians, and is associated with high failure to rescue rates. A careful assessment of risk factors for AKI in elderly patients should be performed to inform clinical decision making.
The Impact of Different Game Types and Sports on College Students' Physical Activity and Motivation in Basic Instruction Program Settings

Background: Although Basic Instruction Program (BIP) or Higher Education Physical Activity Program (HEPAP) classes within university/colleges are founded on the rationale of providing students with opportunities to be physically active, little is known about the physical activity (PA) accrual and/or motivation levels in these classes. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate college students’ Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) and motivation levels while playing different games types (modified games/MGs, small-sided games/SSGs, and full-sided games/FSGs) in badminton and soccer classes. In addition, the study examined the extent to which motivation levels predicted students MVPA. Method: Participants were seventy-one college students (14 females) from a rural Mid-Atlantic university in the United States (U.S.). Triaxial accelerometers were used to collect MVPA data and the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) to measure student motivation. Results: Students in soccer classes had statistically significant more MVPA than those in badminton. Students in soccer and badminton classes had most MVPA in FSGs and SSGs, respectively. Although students reported similar scores in the three IMI subscales when data were aggregated, soccer students reported higher levels of competence and effort in MGs, whereas badminton students reported higher levels of competence and effort in SSGs. Interest was the only statistically significant predictor of MVPA in MGs whereas perceived competence statistically significantly predicted MVPA in both SSGs and FSGs. Conclusion: PE and sport practitioners should utilize the different game types to find the optimal balance between MVPA and student motivation and realize lesson objectives.
Abstract TP588: Underlying Mechanisms Of Preconditioning Against Stroke: Lack Of Ischemic Neuroprotectant Sirt1 Increases Long-term Potentiation Induction In Mice

Sirt1 has been implicated to play a major role in ischemic preconditioning (IPC)—a phenomenon whereby a sublethal episode of ischemia induces tolerance to a subsequent prolonged ischemic insult, su...
Ultrasound and Microbubble-Mediated Targeted Delivery of Drug Loaded Nanoparticles to Porcine Liver

In this paper, we adapt and validate a platform for ultrasound (US)and microbubble (MB)-mediated delivery of drug-loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles (NPs)to liver cancer in a large animal model as a further step toward clinical translation. A single-probe ultrasound setup was used for image-guided NP delivery using clinically approved MBs. Acoustic parameters were optimized in a phantom study. Experiments were conducted in a healthy pig model to validate the platform and test the delivery efficacy in vivo. The US/MB treatment resulted in 1.9-fold increase in expression of exogenous anticancer microRNA with respect to an untreated liver region and 1884-fold increase relative to a control animal.
323 DISPOSITION MAKES A DIFFERENCE IN PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY ROOM LENGTH OF STAY.

Emergency room length of stay is an issue of great concern to hospitals and patients. Intuitively, patients awaiting admission or transfer to another facility should expect longer wait times. Long wait times have been linked to dissatisfaction and have been suggested as a factor behind patient elopement from the emergency room. This study investigates length of stay by disposition and whether patients who elope before proper evaluation have a longer wait time to room placement and longer total length of stay. This study was conducted at Texas Children9s Hospital, a busy pediatric tertiary care center with a dedicated children9s emergency department (ED). Data were abstracted from electronic records for 14,508 emergency room visits in January and April 2005. Time to room, total length of stay, and disposition (admission, transfer, discharge, and elopement) were recorded. Time to room was significantly different by disposition. Length of stay was significantly longer for patients admitted and transferred than for patients who were discharged or who eloped. Patients evaluated in January had significantly longer stays compared with April. Patients who eloped had shorter time to room and shorter overall length of stay. In conclusion, time to room and length of stay in the Texas Children9s ED were significantly different depending on disposition. Contrary to current belief, patients who eloped did not wait longer to get into a room or have longer total wait times before they left. Future studies should validate this finding, as well as put more emphasis on other factors, such as patient perception of wait time and other measures of ED crowding.
How well do we know the Unitarity Triangle? An experimental review

In the past 10 years our knowledge of the parameters rho and eta of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix has improved substantially. This article reviews the measurements that contributed to this advance, and discusses their implication in terms of understanding CP violation in the Standard Model and beyond.
Association of interarm blood pressure difference with cardio-cerebral vascular disease: A community-based, cross-sectional study.

Interarm blood pressure difference (IAD) is a risk factor for peripheral artery disease and cardio-cerebral vascular disease (CCVD). The current study examines the association of IAD with stroke and coronary heart disease in a Chinese community. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Pudong New Area in Shanghai, China. A total of 10 657 residents aged 15 years and older were randomly selected through three-stage sampling. Volunteers had systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) measured in both arms at recruitment, and IAD was defined in both arms as the absolute difference in BP. Medical records of study participants were reviewed by investigators to confirm measurements. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between systolic interarm blood pressure difference (sIAD) and diastolic interarm blood pressure difference (dIAD) with stroke and coronary heart disease. Compared with dIAD <5 mm Hg, the multivariate adjusted odds ratio (OR) of stroke prevalence was 1.357 (95% CI 0.725-2.542, P = 0.034) for dIAD ≥20 mm Hg and 1.702 (95% CI1.025-2.828, P = 0.040) for dIAD between 15 and 19 mm Hg, and the multivariate adjusted OR of coronary heart disease prevalence was 1.726 (95% CI 1.093-2.726, P = 0.019) for dIAD ≥20 mm Hg and 1.498 (95% CI 0.993-2.261, P = 0.044) for dIAD between 15 and 19 mm Hg. The relationship between cardio-cerebral vascular disease and dIAD was significant in a Chinese community population. Further cohort studies are needed to investigate the association of different levels of IAD with the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and subsequent mortality.
Mineral Carbonation for Carbon Utilization in MicroalgaeCulture

This paper presents a study on the combination of mineral carbonation with biomass production. Laboratory experiments were performed to investigate the growth of freshwater green microalgae Scenede...
Retractorless interhemispheric transtentorial approach for large lesions in the posterior incisural space.

Background Surgical resection of lesions in the posterior incisural space presents a significant surgical challenge, which may result in postoperative visual complications and other neurological deficits. We, therefore, describe a retractorless interhemispheric transtentorial approach that avoids surrounding brain structures with positive outcomes and no complications or visual damage. Case description We present four cases of lesions in the posterior incisural space that was treated with a retractorless interhemispheric transtentorial approach. Two patients were previously seen at another institution for a falcotentorial meningioma. We resected the meningiomas with a parietal-occipital interhemispheric transtentorial approach with no neurological deficits. A third patient presented with a large superior vermian hemangioblastoma with a steep angle of the tentorium. The fourth patient had a large upper vermian metastatic lesion with progressive enlargement, which was refractory to radiation treatments and chemotherapy, and we achieved partial resection. Postoperative visual function was completely preserved in all patients. Conclusion A carefully executed retractorless interhemispheric approach in select cases is an effective option to reduce morbidity and prevent visual complications when removing lesions in the posterior tentorial incisure.
On-the-Fly Decentralized Tasking of Autonomous Vehicles

This paper proposes a cooperative task allocation and execution strategy for a group of agents with different capabilities to accomplish a mission autonomously. For each local agent, a hierarchical and modular Behavior tree (BT) is synthesized to coordinate a sequence of actions to accomplish a task either individually or in collaboration with other agents. To facilitate the coordination among agents and the task assignment process, a market-based auction algorithm is embedded in the developed framework. The details of the developed algorithm are illustrated through different examples, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Lineage specific transcription factor waves reprogram neuroblastoma from self-renewal to differentiation

Abstract Temporal regulation of super-enhancer (SE) driven lineage specific transcription factors (TFs) underlies normal developmental programs. Neuroblastoma (NB) arises from an inability of sympathoadrenal progenitors to exit a self-renewal program and terminally differentiate. To identify critical SEs driving TF regulators of NB, we utilized NB cells in which all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induces growth arrest and differentiation. H3K27ac ChIP-seq paired with RNA-seq over a time course of ATRA treatment revealed SEs moving in a coordinated manner with four distinct temporal patterns (clusters). SEs that decreased with ATRA linked to 24 TFs involved in stem cell development/specialization (MYCN, GATA3, SOX11) along with LMO1, a transcriptional coregulator and oncogene identified via a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of NB. H3K27ac levels and GATA3 binding at the NB-associated rs2168101 site of the LMO1 SE were reduced with ATRA treatment, resulting in 1.46 fold decreased LMO1 expression. The SOX11 SE was lost coincident with a 50% decrease in mRNA after 8 days of ATRA treatment. CRISPR-Cas9 screening and siRNA inhibition showed a dependency on SOX11 for cell growth in NB cell lines. Silencing of the SOX11 SE using dCAS9-KRAB targeted guides caused a 40% decrease in SOX11 mRNA and inhibited cell growth. Three other TF SE clusters had sequential waves of activation at 2, 4 and 8 days of ATRA treatment and involved TFs regulating neural development (GATA2 and SOX4). Silencing of the gained SOX4 SE using dCAS9-KRAB targeting, caused a 50% decrease in SOX4 expression and attenuated expression of ATRA-induced differentiation genes. Our study has identified candidate oncogenic lineage drivers of NB self-renewal and TFs critical for implementing a differentiation program.
Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Prevalence and Treatment in Detained Youths: Strategies for Improvement

Abstract Purpose Adolescents and young adults have the highest prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), accounting for more than 50% of all reported infections. An especially high-risk group includes adolescents in juvenile or correctional facilities. Methods This retrospective analysis was conducted at the only juvenile detention facility in the State of Hawai'i from 2014 to 2017. Adolescents aged 12–17 years were offered STI screening and/or presumptive treatment at the time of medical evaluation. Results Of 2,208 adolescents offered voluntary testing, 461 males and 372 females agreed to be tested for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria Gonorrhea. Acceptance did not vary by age; females chose testing more often than males (67.4% vs. 27.8%; p Conclusions There was a high prevalence of STIs in both males and females admitted to this juvenile detention facility, with fewer than half the documented infections being treated before discharge. This indicates a need for universal and timely testing to allow the treatment of those infected. If for whatever reason rapid testing cannot be obtained, presumptive treatment offers a pragmatic approach to treatment and infection control.
Septic Malleolar Bursitis in a Patient with an Ankle Electronic Monitoring Device: A Case Report.

Author(s): Besinger, Bart; Ryckman, Sydney | Abstract: Introduction: Septic malleolar bursitis is a rare cause of ankle pain and swelling. It has been described in certain occupational and recreational activities that involve tight-fitting boots, such as figure skating. Court-ordered electronic monitoring devices are often worn on the ankle. It is not known whether these devices are a risk factor for the development of malleolar bursitis.Case Report: We describe a 41-year-old male under house arrest with an electronic monitoring device on his right ankle who presented to our emergency department with several days of progressive pain and swelling over the medial malleolus. Point-of-care ultrasound revealed a thick-walled cystic structure consistent with medial malleolar bursitis. Bursal aspiration was performed. Fluid culture yielded Staphylococcus aureus.Discussion: Emergency physicians regularly see patients with ankle pain and swelling and must consider a comprehensive differential diagnosis. Septic malleolar bursitis is an uncommon but important cause of ankle pain and swelling that requires prompt diagnosis and intervention. Point-of-care ultrasonography may aid in the diagnosis. Additionally, emergency physicians should be aware of potential complications related to electronic monitoring devices.
Cochlear implantation in patients with Pendred syndrome

Abstract Objective To examine the outcomes of cochlear implantation in children with Pendred Syndrome. Material and methods A retrospective case series of nine pediatric patients with Pendred syndrome undergoing cochlear implantation at a tertiary academic medical center from 2003 to 2017. Results All patients were diagnosed with bilateral mild-to-profound to severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss and used hearing aids prior to implantation. Preoperative imaging results revealed that all patients exhibited bilateral enlarged vestibular aqueducts and 8 of 9 had cochlear dysplasia equivalent to Incomplete Partition II. Despite inner ear malformations, all electrodes were successfully implanted with minimal complications and favorable post-operative audiological outcomes. Conclusions Cochlear implantation is an effective and successful treatment for severe-to-profound hearing loss in children with Pendred syndrome and for whom traditional amplification aids provide limited benefit. With early intervention, cochlear implantation allows speech and cognitive development in Pendred children comparable to that of normal hearing individuals, allowing patients to learn in a mainstream educational setting.
Examining silences in an English teacher inquiry group focused on critical conversations: A facilitator's reflexive analysis

Abstract Facilitating critical conversations includes helping students unpack dominant ideologies, interrupting stereotypes, creating a context for marginalized voices, and strategizing ways for taking action. Oftentimes, that means that teachers must recognize what silences are occurring, interpret why those silences are happening, and figure out the best moves to make to either interrupt or protect that silence. As facilitators of critical conversations with teachers, we explored the silences that occurred in a teacher inquiry group focused on improving the facilitation of such dialogue in high school English classrooms. Critical discourse analysis and reflexive analysis were used to examine transcripts from those inquiry discussions. Findings suggest that privileged and veiled silences circulated, and indirect silences disrupted, race-evasive discourses with a diverse group of teachers. Implications discuss how teachers and teacher educators can engage in reflexivity, specifically in relation to how they may inadvertently support white-centered discourse, to improve their facilitation of critical conversations by using an expanded notion of silence as a tool for critical discourse analysis.
Tropospheric ozone concentration over Pakistan

Abstract Pakistan is heading toward the brink of a human-induced catastrophe in lieu of unpresented GHG emissions that are directly resulting in the formation of tropospheric ozone (TO). Variations in greenhouse gases, biomass burning, emissions from coal power plants, vehicular emissions, developmental projects, stratospheric-tropospheric ozone exchange, El Nino-Southern Oscillation, transportation from neighboring countries, and meteorological variation have led to an increase TO levels in Pakistan. With seasonal variations and the increase in UV radiations, low wind speed, and the presence of VOCx and NOx, ground-level ozone is formed with excessive concentrations mostly in Punjab in summers and Southern Pakistan in winters. The low level of O3 concentration is recorded during monsoon season in the southern parts of Pakistan, whereas in the northern areas the same low level of O3 is linked to high altitude, lower temperature, low wind speed, and low air pressure. The issue remains high during the summer period (April-September) when Southern Pakistan experiences high temperatures, 35–49°C. At such high temperatures and maximum UVB radiation reaching the surface, the low wind patterns give rise to favorable conditions for surface ozone formation. So, unlike winter (October till March), the summertime indulges most parts of Pakistan having tropospheric ozone levels increasing with the highest levels. The study concludes maximum increase in surface ozone recently (2015–2019), which is linked to El Nino (during 2015–2016) that warmer temperatures, coupled with massive energy projects and vehicular emissions under China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The problem is dragging the country from the group of lower pollutant of the natural environment to among the main pollutant emission country. The study calls for mitigative and adaptive measures on the model of EU to curb ozone levels by shifting to clean and green energy sources, introducing fuel-efficient vehicles, etc.
The case for a Late Lamar polity on the lower Ocmulgee River in Georgia

This paper develops the case for an indigenous polity on the lower Ocmulgee River in Georgia. Doing so enhances understanding of the late prehistoric–early historic indigenous cultural landscape in...
Synthesis of Reovirus Ribonucleic Acid in L Cells

Abstract Kudo, Hajime (The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pa.), and A. F. Graham. Synthesis of reovirus ribonucleic acid in L cells. J. Bacteriol. 90:936–945. 1965.—There is no inhibition of protein or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis in L cells infected with reovirus until the time that new virus starts to form about 8 hr after infection. At this time, both protein synthesis and DNA synthesis commence to be inhibited. Neither the synthesis of ribosomal ribonucleic acid (RNA) nor that of the rapidly labeled RNA of the cell nucleus is inhibited before 10 hr after infection. Actinomycin at a concentration of 0.5 μg/ml does not inhibit the formation of reovirus, although higher concentrations of the antibiotic do so. Pulse-labeling experiments with uridine-C14 carried out in the presence of 0.5 μg/ml of actinomycin show that, at 6 to 8 hr after infection, two species of virus-specific RNA begin to form and increase in quantity as time goes on. One species is sensitive to ribonuclease action and the other is very resistant. The latter RNA is probably double-stranded viral progeny RNA, and it constitutes approximately 40% of the RNA formed up to 16 hr after infection. The function of the ribonuclease-sensitive RNA is not yet known. Synthesis of both species of RNA is inhibited by 5 μg/ml of actinomycin added at early times after infection. Added 6 to 8 hr after infection, when virus-specific RNA has already commenced to form, 5 μg/ml of actinomycin no longer inhibit the formation of either species of RNA.
The distributed sensor networks – an emerging technology

Distributed Sensor networks have a wide range of real-time applications in aerospace, automation, defense, medical imaging, robotics, and weather prediction. Over the past several years, scientists, engineers, and researchers in a multitude of disciplines have been clamoring for more detailed information without much success. This new evolving technology can provide solutions to a variety of these technology related problems. Professor Iyengar in this talk will give an overview of these impact areas based on his experience in working with various industries like Oak ridge National Lab, Jet Propulsion Lab, and Naval Research Lab. His talk is also based on his experiences of working with scientists from Raytheon, Boeing during the last few years.
Implementation of a novel management development platform for virtual networks

Virtual networks, although regarded as a candidate for future networks, still suffer from a complex management plane. A hierarchical role model was proposed that represents different forms of network virtualization in a simple and unified way. As an application of the role model, this paper implements a novel management development platform for virtual networks. By using the proposed platform, a developer can develop modularized management systems of virtual networks through simply writing definition files. As a result, the platform has the potential to reduce greatly the development cost. Finally, a prototype system is constructed to validate the feasibility. Although this research is still ongoing, we believe that it can be a catalyst for further deployment of network virtualization technology.
Fast and stable algorithms for minimal design problems

Abstract We present a fast and numerically advantageous algorithm for solving minimal design problems (MDP) and a new, simpler test for the existence of a proper solution of the MDP.
Ovarian follicular characteristics, embryo recovery, and embryo viability in heifers fed high-fat diets and treated with follicle-stimulating hormone.

Postpubertal beef heifers (n = 55) were used to examine the effects of high-fat diets, independently of energy intake, on nonesterified fatty acid and lipoprotein metabolic patterns, ovarian follicular dynamics, and embryo recov- eryhiability after FSH superstimulation. High- lipid (HL) diets (5.4% added fat) increased (P < .01) serum concentrations of cholesterol, but not of nonesterified fatty acids, during the 35-d period before FSH treatment. Development of medium- sized (5 to 9.9 mm) follicles was enhanced (P < .05) during this period in heifers fed the HL diet. The HL diet increased total cholesterol (P < .05) and progesterone (P = .14) concentrations in follicular fluid obtained at ovariectomy (n = 101 80 h after the onset of FSH treatment, but neither estradiol- 17p nor androstenedione was affected. Granulosa cells recovered from FSH-induced, estrogen-active follicles in heifers fed the HL diet produced greater quantities of progesterone (P = .08) and less estradiol-17P (P < .05) in vitro than did granulosa cells from heifers fed the normal lipid diet. Dietary treatment did not influence FSH-stimulated recruitment of medium and large follicles, number of ovulations, embryo recovery, or embryo viabil- ity. Data suggest that increments in dietary fat intake can alter specific aspects of ovarian steroidogenic potential and can increase the popu- lation of medium-sized follicles theoretically avail- able for maturation and harvest during the es- trous cycle. However, conditions that limited the latter process in the current experiment are not understood and require further investigation.
Molecular size and subunit structure of the hemoglobins of Chironomus tentans.

Abstract The larval hemoglobins of the insect Chironomus tentans, present in solution in hemolymph, were demonstrated to be exclusively monomeric with a molecular weight of approximately 15,900. This finding was based on studies of sedimentation velocity at various concentrations and with the use of agents generally effective in subunit separation, together with determinations by sedimentation equilibrium. No evidence of subunit aggregation was obtained. Column filtration studies suggest that the hemoglobins are more asymmetrical than myoglobin, but not to the extent of greatly altering sedimentation velocity. The monomeric nature of the molecule establishes a direct correspondence of hemoglobins to globin genes.
Elements of Probability Theory

The objective of this chapter is to define a quantitative measure of the propensity for an uncertain outcome to occur, or the degree of belief that a proposition or conjecture is true. This quantitative measure will be called probability and is relevant for quantifying such things as how likely it is that a shipment of smart phones contains less than 5 percent defectives, that a gambler will win a crap game, that next year’s corn yields will exceed 80 bushels per acre, or that electricity demand in Los Angeles will exceed generating capacity on a given day. This probability concept will also be relevant for quantifying the degree of belief in such propositions as it will rain in Seattle tomorrow, Congress will raise taxes next year, and the United States will suffer another recession in the coming year.
Three-dimensional shape representation from curvature dependent surface evolution

This paper presents a novel approach to surface representation based on its differential deformations. The evolution of an arbitrary curve by curvature deforms it to a round point while in the process simplifying it. Similarly, we seek a process that deforms an arbitrary surface into a sphere without developing self-intersections, in the process creating a sequence of increasingly simpler surfaces. No previously studied curvature dependent flow satisfies this requirement: mean curvature flow leads to a splitting of the surface, while Gaussian curvature flow leads to instabilities. Thus, in search for such a process, we impose constraints (motivated by visual representation) to narrow down the space of candidate flows. Our main result is to establish a direction for the movement of points to avoid self-intersections: (1) convex elliptic points should move in, while concave elliptic points move out; and (2) hyperbolic and parabolic points should not move at all. Accordingly, we propose /spl part//spl psi///spl part/t=sign(H)/spl radic/(G. >
Classical-wave analogs of quantum state measurement

Summary form only given. It is well-known that in the paraxial approximation, the transverse mode of an optical field of frequency /spl omega/ obeys an equation which is formally identical in structure to the Schrodinger wave equation of quantum mechanics: i /spl part//spl epsiv/(x,y,z)//spl part/z = /spl nabla//sup 2//sub tr//spl epsiv/(x,y,z)/2k - 2/spl pi//spl kappa//spl Delta//spl chi/(x,y)/spl epsiv/(x,y,z). We employ a local oscillator (LO) comprising a phase-locked super-position of a large collimated Gaussian beam and a small focused Gaussian beam to directly measure the real and imaginary parts of the correlation function.
Ethics and Enjoyment in Late Medieval Poetry: On human happiness: Dante, Chaucer, and the felicity of friendship

Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde famously begins with a statement of purpose, “The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen.” Telling of sorrow, not happiness, informs the activity of the poet, and Troilus' double sorrow structures the consolatory context of the poem as it is most broadly read: Pandarus first consoles his friend by conveying his loved object to him, and the loss of Criseyde inaugurates another period of sorrow that is consoled only in death. Yet despite the narrator's initial foreboding announcement, and the fact that almost every medieval reader knew precisely the trajectory of Troilus and Criseyde's love affair, Chaucer still allows for an experience of love's bliss at the center of his poem. In Book iii , when the lovers are finally joined together, the narrator asks his audience to consider erotic happiness in the terms of clerkly discourse. Deliberately placing his words in the context of moral philosophy, he speaks of the joy experienced by the two lovers: This is no litel thyng of for to seye; This passeth every wit for to devyse; For ech of hem gan otheres lust obeye. Felicite, which that thise clerkes wise Comenden so, ne may nought here suffise; This joie may nought writen be with inke; This passeth al that herte may bythynke ( iii .1688–94). The joy experienced by Troilus and Criseyde is beyond the conceptual capacities of writing, clerks, or the heart. Suddenly, clerkly happiness appears not to be happiness at all, for it is not “sufficient.”
Liver scanning and the intrahepatic gallbladder: Case report.

Hepatic focal defects identified with /sup 99m/Tc-sulfur colloid imaging procedures are nonspecific. This report describes a cause of an ectopic gallbladder localized by cholecystography and $sup 131$I-rose bengal studies in a patient with cirrhosis and suspected intrahepatic neoplasm. (auth)
Development and characterization of a novel rat model of estrogen-induced mammary cancer.

The ACI rat model of 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced mammary cancer is highly relevant for use in establishing the endocrine, genetic and environmental bases of breast cancer etiology and identifying novel agents and strategies for preventing breast cancer. E2 treatment rapidly induces mammary cancer in female ACI rats and simultaneously induces pituitary lactotroph hyperplasia and adenoma. The pituitary tumors can result in undesired morbidity which compromises long term studies focused on mammary cancer etiology and prevention. We have defined the genetic bases of susceptibility to E2-induced mammary cancers and pituitary tumors and have utilized the knowledge gained in these studies to develop a novel inbred rat strain, designated ACWi, that retains the high degree of susceptibility to E2-induced mammary cancer exhibited by ACI rats but lacks the treatment related morbidity associated with pituitary lactotroph hyperplasia/adenoma. When treated with E2, female ACWi rats developed palpable mammary cancer at a median latency of 116 days, an incidence of 100% by 161 days and exhibited an average of 15.6 mammary tumors per rat following 196 days of treatment. These parameters did not differ from that observed for contemporaneously treated ACI rats. None of the E2 treated ACWi rats were euthanized prior to the intended experimental end point due to any treatment related morbidity other than mammary cancer burden, whereas 20% of contemporaneously treated ACI rats exhibited treatment related morbidity that necessitated premature euthanasia. The ACWi rat strain is well suited for use by those in the research community focusing on breast cancer etiology and prevention.
EFECT OF pH BUFFERS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GELLAN GELS

The strength and deformability of calcium cross-linked gellan gels as affected by pH 3.5 and 5.0 citrate and acetate buffers were measured by large compressive deformation test until failure. The trend of dependence of gel strength on polymer and calcium concentrations was similar to gels formed in distilled water without pH adjustment. A critical calcium concentration was observed for each gellan concentration. Gels formed at the critical calcium concentration exhibited the maximum strength. The chelating effect of pH 5.0 citrate buffer greatly increased the critical calcium concentration. The failure strain, representing the deformability, of gellan gels formed in buffers behaved differently from gels formed in distilled water. In the pH 3.5 buffer systems, gellan gels were brittle regardless of gellan and calcium concentrations. In the pH 5.0 buffer systems, gellan gels were brittle at high calcium concentrations and ductile at calcium concentrations less than 24 mM in citric buffer and less than 6 mM in acetate buffer.
Uptake and removal of cortisol by canine erythrocytes in various electrolyte solutions.

Abstract The uptake of free cortisol by canine RBC was studied by incubating the cells in various Ringer-Locke solutions, saline, plasma, and plasma to which EDTA was added. The uptake of cortisol by RBC was similar in all electrolyte solutions; however, uptake was significantly less when RBC were incubated in plasma. The removal of both exogenous and endogenous cortisol from RBC was studied by washing the cells in various electrolyte solutions. Although the percentages of steroid removed per wash were not significantly different when cells were washed with Ringer-Locke solutions, saline washed RBC to which no cortisol was previously added gave significantly less steroid per wash. These data indicate that Na + , K + and Ca ++ do not affect the permeability of these cells to cortisol and that the cortisol associated with canine RBC is loosely bound.
Conditional genetic elimination of hepatocyte growth factor in mice compromises liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to be indispensable for liver regeneration because it serves as a main mitogenic stimulus driving hepatocytes toward proliferation. We hypothesized that ablating HGF in adult mice would have a negative effect on the ability of hepatocytes to regenerate. Deletion of the HGF gene was achieved by inducing systemic recombination in mice lacking exon 5 of HGF and carrying the Mx1-cre or Cre-ERT transgene. Analysis of liver genomic DNA from animals 10 days after treatment showed that a majority (70–80%) of alleles underwent cre-induced genetic recombination. Intriguingly, however, analysis by RT-PCR showed the continued presence of both unrecombined and recombined forms of HGF mRNA after treatment. Separation of liver cell populations into hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells showed equal recombination of genomic HGF in both cell types. The presence of the unrecombined form of HGF mRNA persisted in the liver in significant amounts even after partial hepatectomy (PH), which correlated with insignificant changes in HGF protein and hepatocyte proliferation. The amount of HGF produced by stellate cells in culture was indirectly proportional to the concentration of HGF, suggesting that a decrease in HGF may induce de novo synthesis of HGF from cells with residual unrecombined alleles. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced regeneration resulted in a substantial decrease in preexisting HGF mRNA and protein, and subsequent PH led to a delayed regenerative response. Thus, HGF mRNA persists in the liver even after genetic recombination affecting most cells; however, PH subsequent to CCl4 treatment is associated with a decrease in both HGF mRNA and protein and results in compromised liver regeneration, validating an important role of this mitogen in hepatic growth.
The treatment of depression: Electroconvulsive therapy ν antidepressants: A naturalistic evaluation of 1,495 patients

Abstract Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), adequate antidepressant, inadequate antidepressant, and neither treatment were compared by reviewing charts of 1,495 patients admitted to our hospital over a 12-year period because of depression. A significantly greater percent of patients receiving ECT had “marked improvement” (70%) than those receiving either adequate or inadequate antidepressant (48% and 50%, respectively) or those receiving neither treatment (45%). Eighty-five percent of those with a schizoaffective disorder, depressed type receiving ECT showed “marked improvement.” More than 73% of those failing to improve with antidepressants had “marked improvement” to ECT. Unilateral and bilateral ECTs were equally effective. Mood incongruent delusions predicted good treatment response. ECT is demonstrated to be a potent treatment for depression.
Wave Propagation through a One-Dimensional Dielectric Slab andΩ-Symmetric Transformations

Abstract This paper contains an abstract theory of wave propagation through an inhomogeneous dielectric slab based on the splitting of waves into right and left propagating components. The mapping of right and left moving waves at one point in the slab to the waves at another point in the slab is found to have a symmetry calledΩ-symmetry which is a generalization of that possessed by symplectic transformations. An analogue of Hamiltonian mechanics is then presented based on these generalized symplectic transformations.
Termination Factor for RNA Synthesis

A new protein has been isolated from E. coli which causes specific termination and release of RNA during synthesis in vitro. It has been given the name ρ-factor.
Expression of murine ELL-associated factor 2 (Eaf2) is developmentally regulated.

Eaf2, ELL-associated factor 2, encodes a protein that is homologous to the human EAF1, which was shown to interact with the transcriptional elongation factor MEN/ELL. During mouse embryogenesis, Eaf2 is preferentially expressed in the central nervous system and in sensory and neuroendocrine organs, including the brain, spinal cord, cranial and spinal ganglia, developing otocyst, the retina, and the pituitary. Eaf2 transcripts were also found in sites where active epithelium-mesenchymal interactions are occurring. These included the invaginating tooth buds, mammary gland anlage, submandibular glands, the lung, the pancreas, and the kidney. Other sites of expression included bladder and intestine. In the developing lens, Eaf2 transcripts were absent in the proliferating anterior lens epithelial cells but were present in the terminally differentiated primary lens fiber cells and also in nonproliferating lens fiber cells in the equatorial zone where lens epithelial cells withdraw from cell cycle and terminally differentiate into secondary lens fiber cells. This spatially restricted pattern of Eaf2 expression in the developing lens suggests that Eaf2 may play an important role in regulating lens maturation.