cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of intracellular γ-tocopherol levels in cytokine-stimulated C3H 10T1/2 fibroblasts: relation to NO synthesis, isoprostane formation, and tocopherol oxidation

Stimulation of C3H 10T1/2 murine fibroblasts with interferon-γ(IFN) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species leading to DNA damage, lipid oxidation, and tocopherol oxidation. The tocopherols possess unique chemical and biological properties that suggest they have important roles related to intracellular defense against radical-mediated damage. Despite increased levels of reactive oxidants and decreased media tocopherol, cellular levels of γ-tocopherol, but not α-tocopherol, were observed to increase significantly when cells were treated with IFN/LPS. Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by a specific inhibitor of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) increased both intracellular α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol concentrations, but did not significantly alter the reduction in media tocopherol levels caused by IFN/LPS treatment. Both exposure to exogenous NO and cellular synthesis of NO in cell culture increased media levels of 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α, a marker of oxidative lipid damage, whereas inhibition of endogenous NO synthesis reduced media 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α formation to control levels. Elevated intracellular levels of γ-tocopherol in response to the cellular inflammatory state may indicate that it serves a unique role in minimizing cellular damage resulting from endogenous NO synthesis. Results of the current study suggest that NO is an important mediator of damage within the cell, as well as in the oxidation of both α- and γ-tocopherols. The paradoxical increase in cellular tocopherol associated with the induction of NO synthesis may indicate either enhanced cellular transport/decreased export for tocopherols or recruitment of free tocopherol from tocopherol storage molecules.
Hypotonic solutions induce epithelium-dependent relaxation of isolated canine bronchi.

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of changes in osomolarity on the modulatory role of the respiratory epithelium on the underlying smooth muscle. Canine bronchial segments with or without epithelium were perfused intraluminally with modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution. The transluminal isometric tension was recorded by means of stirrups passed through the bronchial wall. During contractions to extraluminal carbachol, the tissues with epithelium exhibited epithelium-dependent relaxations to hypotonic solution given intraluminally. The level of relaxation was dependent on the osmotic pressure. No significant difference was noted between relaxations due to hypotonic solution made by mixing the Krebs-Ringer solution with distilled water and those made by decreasing the concentration of sodium chloride. The epithelium-dependent relaxations could not be blocked by the antagonists or blockers of cyclo-oxygenase, endothelium-derived relaxing factor, a-adrenoceptors, β-adrenoceptors, and sodium channels. No evidence for the release of a relaxing factor into the bronchial lumen was found in bioassay study. When the preparation was stimulated with hypertonic solutions prepared by adding mannitol or urea, similar relaxations were induced in tissues with and without epithelium. These observations suggest that changes in osmolarity affect the responses of canine bronchi to carbachol and that the epithelium modulates the responses of airway to hypotonic solutions.
Temperature effects on CMOS multiplexers used for data acquisition

Abstract Experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of temperature on a single type of CMOS multiplexer which is currently used for data acquisition in agricultural research. The results indicate that the internal resistance of each channel within the multiplexer increases linearly with increasing temperature. However, the rate of increase was significantly different for one or more channels of an eight-channel multiplexer. Also, the mean resistances between channels were significantly different over the range of temperatures expected in field data acquisition systems in the Southeast Region. These results illustrate the need for specific characteristic data on the particular multiplexers used in a circuit. For most sensor-interface systems the error induced by the multiplexer may not be significant if the total range in expected resistance is very large, but for precision sensors this characteristic must be accounted for.
Energy transfer and excimer formation in a flowing afterglow of Mg metastables

Abstract Mg atoms were vaporized into a fast flowing Ar carrier stream and then excited by an ac discharge. Downstream of the discharge in the afterglow region metastable Mg ( 3 P) atoms were reacted with vaporized metals. The resultant chemiluminescence consisted of metal atom resonance lines and continuous emission bands of the molecule KMg.
Fractionation and Size Distribution of Water Soluble Polymers by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation

Abstract Flow field-flow fractionation (flow FFF) is introduced as a chromatographic-like method with a potential for separating and characterizing water soluble polymers. The theory of the method is summarized, showing that one gets a size distribution curve based on the Stokes diameter, d. Problems in interpreting the elution profile in both flow FFF and gel permeation chromatography are discussed in the light of complications arising from electrostatic chain expansion in polyelectrolytes. The experimental approach is described using a channel of 2.00 ml volume. Sulfonated polystyrenes of three different molecular weights are separated from one another with and without added salts. The dependence of retention on sample size is shown to be least in the salt solution, indicating that this is most suitable for analytical work. The sodium salts of polyacrylic acid are also investigated. Distinct elution profiles are noted for two of these polydisperse polymers. Size distribution curves for the 2,000,000 MW ...
Field Evaluations of Subterranean Termite Preference for Sap-Stain Inoculated Wood

Few studies have focused on interactions between subterranean termites and the ophiostomatoid fungal associates of pine bark beetles or root feeding weevils. Field stake tests were employed at four locations throughout Mississippi to determine the feeding preference of subterranean termites for blue-stained, unstained, and partially decayed southern pine sapwood stakes. This study also utilized wood decayed by Gloeophyllum trabeum, a fungus previously shown to elicit a positive subterranean termite feeding response, as a positive control. Stakes inoculated with G. trabeum received significantly more attacks than all other treatments after 16 weeks. Of the stakes attacked by subterranean termites, stakes inoculated with Ophiostoma minus were degraded faster than any other treatment. Subterranean termite preference for stakes treated with either of two Leptographium spp. and the untreated negative controls did not differ; however, each was fed upon less than all other treatments. The feeding rate on stakes inoculated with O. ips and G. trabeum being fed upon by subterranean termites was not significantly different. These results represent the first evidence of wood containing non-structurally degrading fungi (O. ips and O. minus) eliciting a feeding preference from subterranean termites greater than that of decayed wood. The implications of these results are particularly relevant to pine forest ecology, nutrient cycling, subterranean termite control, and the utilization of blue-stained southern pine building products in the southeastern U.S.
Making More from Less: Strategic Demand Reduction in the FCC Spectrum Auctions

When multiple items are sold through the use of simultaneous ascending-bid auctions, bidders can find it in their mutual interests to reduce their aggregate demand for the items while prices are still low relative to the bidders' valuations. The FCC's first broadband PCS auction provides examples of how such mutual reductions might be arranged even when the bidders are not allowed to communicate with one another outside of the auction arena.
Separation and imaging of seismic diffractions using migrated dip-angle gathers

ABSTRACTCommon-reflection angle migration can produce migrated gathers either in the scattering-angle domain or in the dip-angle domain. The latter reveals a clear distinction between reflection and diffraction events. We derived analytical expressions for events in the dip-angle domain and found that the shape difference can be used for reflection/diffraction separation. We defined reflection and diffraction models in the Radon space. The Radon transform allowed us to isolate diffractions from reflections and noise. The separation procedure can be performed after either time migration or depth migration. Synthetic and real data examples confirmed the validity of this technique.
The Motivations of Blood Donors

In an effort to determine a key to recruiting the voluntary donor and to ascertain the conditions which dispose towards or inhibit the donation of blood, a study was initiated by the Irwin Memorial Blood Bank of the San Francisco Medical Society, a nonprofit community blood bank supplying blood needs of patients in 58 hospitals in an area encompassing a population of 1,200,000. A survey was conducted primarily by means of confidential questionnaires which were completed by 5,581 consecutive blood donors. The sampling included a cross-section of the population from metropolitan, suburban and rural areas, 92 per cent of which were unpaid volunteers. This report discusses conclusions indicating differential motives and impedances applying to donors of different sexes, ages, income levels and educational achievements, and makes suggestions, based on these conclusions, of some practical steps toward motivating blood donations. Donors are mostly male, are younger than the general population, and are of somewhat higher socioeconomic status than the population at large. Most have had some previous experience as blood donors, express both humanitarian and personal motives for donating, and are relatively unconcerned about any painful aspects of it. They are not always thoroughly knowledgeable about details of blood banking practices, but generally have favorable impressions of them. Women seem more responsive to humanitarian appeals for donations than do men, while young people seem more susceptible to romantic or dramatic appeals for blood donors, and it is suggested that these differential characteristics be considered by blood banks when engaging in donor recruitment appeals.
Sternal Wound Infections in Pediatric Congenital Cardiac Surgery: A Survey of Incidence and Preventative Practice

Background Guidelines exist for prevention of sternal wound infections (SWI) in adults. There are no guidelines for pediatric patients and limited reports on SWI incidence. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of, and preventative practice regarding pediatric SWIs with a long-term aim to develop best practice guidelines. Methods Eighty-nine congenital heart programs were sent a 31 question on-line survey regarding pediatric SWI. Results Thirty eight (43%) of the 89 programs responded. They reported 8,774 pediatric congenital procedures with a mean SWI rate of 1.53% (range, 0 to 9.09). Mean yearly volume was 237 operations (range, 50 to 720). Neither program size nor delayed sternal closure was associated with increased incidence of SWI. Variations in preoperative measures, antibiotic regimens, and wound care did not statistically impact incidence of SWI. Programs with protocols to monitor and control blood glucose levels postoperatively had statistically lower infection rates (1.04 vs 2.35, p = 0.03), and those that sent mediastinal cultures at time of delayed sternal closure reported lower infection rates (1.34 vs 1.74, p = 0.051). Conclusions This report provides a multiinstitutional SWI incidence from pediatric programs of 1.53%. Despite variations in clinical practice between programs, this survey revealed two strategies resulting in reduced SWIs; protocol-based management of glucose levels and mediastinal wound cultures sent at time of closure. Pediatric programs do not consistently follow adult preventative guidelines. Multicenter randomized research is needed to formulate preventative guidelines to reduce the incidence of pediatric SWI.
Percutaneous Hepatic Perfusion in Patients with Metastatic Liver Cancer: Anesthetic, Hemodynamic, and Metabolic Considerations

Percutaneous hepatic perfusion (PHP), a regional cancer therapy, entails insertion of percutaneous catheters to isolate hepatic vasculature and enable simultaneous hepatic venous hemofiltration of high-dose chemotherapy. PHP has been shown to be safe and to benefit some patients with liver metastases. We examined hemodynamic and metabolic changes as well as anesthetic implications during PHP in patients with metastatic liver cancer enrolled in clinical trials of escalating doses of melphalan between 2001 and 2006. Fifty-one patients underwent 136 PHPs with general anesthesia. Diagnoses included neuroendocrine tumors, melanoma, and metastatic carcinomas. Based upon available data derived from all procedures, incorporating multiple procedures per patient, after occlusion of the inferior vena cava and during hepatic perfusion, there were decreases in mean arterial (−15.4 ± 1 and −7.4 ± 1 mmHg, respectively) and central venous pressure (−5.4 ± 0.3 and −5.6 ± 0.3 mmHg) and increases in heart rate (11 ± 1 and 13.4 ± 0.9 bpm) (all p < 0.0001) which resolved with completion of the procedure. During vascular isolation, patients received norepinephrine (13% of procedures), phenylephrine (70%), or both agents (11%). During hepatic perfusion with melphalan, compared to baseline, there were decreases in pH (−0.09 ± 0.01) and bicarbonate (−3.3 ± 0.6 mmol/L) (both p < 0.0001) and, upon completion of procedure, increases (2.6 ± 0.4 mmol/L) in bicarbonate, compared to values during hepatic perfusion (p < 0.0001). PHP therapy can be associated with transient but significant hemodynamic and metabolic perturbations. In order to assure patient comfort and facilitate timely diagnosis and treatment of associated hemodynamic and metabolic changes, we favor administration of general anesthesia, rather than sedation, for patients undergoing PHP.
Basalt columns: Large scale constitutional supercooling?

Abstract The conventional interpretation of basalt column formation in terms of cracking of a homogeneous magma during cooling is questionable because cooling cracks in homogeneous materials do not tend to form quasi-hexagonal patterns. It is proposed that basalts develop inhomogeneous patterned compositions during cooling as a result of “constitutional supercooling”. The latter is observed in metallic alloys, and its mechanism is briefly described. It is expected to produce a quasi-hexagonal pattern of glassy interfaces. These interfaces crack preferentially during uniaxial cooling.
Electrically calibrated pyroelectric-detector refinements for improved optical power measurements

This paper describes the present efforts at NIST to improve the accuracy of the electrically calibrated pyroelectric detector for measuring optical power by an order of magnitude. The principal limitation, the uniformity of the responsivity over the receiving aperture, has been significantly improved.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Transition test bring-up and diagnosis on UltraSPARC TM processors

We describe methods to use PLL-based transition test in support of chip bring-up. We used it to diagnose slow paths for performance improvement. During bring-up, often the issues of setup, design, scan patterns, and silicon slow paths are mixed together, making diagnosis more difficult. We discuss techniques used to understand and resolve these issues, and show examples of the benefit of transition test over functional and system test.
Peer Group Mentoring Relationships and the Role of Narrative

Abstract Mentoring, an established practice in many disciplines, provides benefits to both individuals and organizations. Academic libraries recognize the usefulness of mentoring, and many provide such programs within their organization, ranging from formal one-on-one pairings to mentoring groups. Although literature describing a variety of mentoring systems is available, the role of personal and collective narrative in transferring knowledge within mentoring situations is not well known. This article examines the intentional use of narrative in mentoring new academic librarians in a peer group setting. Discussion suggests group mentoring based on narrative is an effective and efficient alternative to traditional mentoring.
Determination of hydrogen sulfide with 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid), N-ethylmaleimide, and parachloromercuribenzoate

Abstract Hydrogen sulfide was determined with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB), and 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB). One mole of hydrogen sulfide reacted with two moles of NEM or PCMB. It reacted with only one mole of DTNB, but produced two moles of the thiol anion, 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoate, and one mole of free sulfur. Concentrations of hydrogen sulfide down to 3.7 × 10−6 m (0.13 μg/ml) could be easily determined with DTNB. In the presence of proteins containing different amounts of sulfhydryls reacting with DTNB, 78 to 94% of the added hydrogen sulfide could be recovered.
The effect of partially hydrolyzed casein on the growth of human skin diploid cells in vitro.

SummaryThe effect of various partially hydrolyzed caseins (PHC) on the growth of human skin diploid (prepuce) cells cultivated in vitro has been investigated. The results indicate that PHC I (amino N/total N ratio of 0.09) contains growth-stimulating activity for prepuce cells in the absence and presence of serum. This activity of PHC I was abolished when casein was further hydrolyzed with trypsin (amino N/total N ratio of 0.36 or 0.70). It is suggested that the growth-stimulating activity of casein is attributed to the casein itself or the presence of optimal amounts of amino acids and/or polypeptide fractions. Human kidney (SWINK), swine testis (ST-92) and rabbit epidermal cells (SflEp) showed little or no growth stimulation in any of the concentrations of PHC I tested. A cell culture system to assay PHC I activity is now available which could eventually short-circuit the routine use of animal assays to test burn or other wound healing cell activity. PHC I appears to substitute for serum in growth of pr...
Protein binding: Antibody surrogates click into place

Using the protein of interest as a template, weakly binding ligands can be chemically linked to produce protein-binding agents that can compete with nature's own.
Emergency department visits by patients with venous thromboembolism, 1998-2009

Background: Substantial morbidity and mortality may result from venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Many VTE cases are diagnosed in outpatient settings, such as emergency departments. The purpose of this study was to estimate and characterize emergency department visits by patients with a primary diagnosis of VTE. Methods: Data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) for the years 1998-2009 were analyzed. NHAMCS uses a complex multistage design to sample non-federal short-term care hospitals across the United States. Emergency department visits with a primary diagnosis of VTE were identified using ICD-9-CM codes indicating a primary diagnosis of DVT or PE. Results: Between 2006-2009, an annual average of 201,000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 152,000-251,000) emergency department visits were made in the U.S. by patients with a primary diagnosis of VTE as per the criteria used in this study, which was a rate of approximately 67 (95% CI 50-83) per 100,000 population. The rates during 1998-2001 and 2002-2005 were 31 (95% CI 21-40) and 46 (95% CI 35-57), respectively. The rate of visits with a primary diagnosis of VTE was higher among patients >61 years of age, when compared to younger patients. Among visits between 1998-2009, selected characteristics that differed between visits by patents with and without a primary diagnosis of VTE included the patient having been discharged from a hospital in the past seven days (11.7%, vs. 2.1%, p <0.01). Conclusion: A substantial number of emergency department visits are made by patients with a primary diagnosis of VTE. Groups with higher likelihood of VTE related visits may include older adults and those recently discharged from a hospital.
Life Care Planning for Spinal Cord Injury: Seating and Mobility Considerations

Seating and wheeled mobility requirements depend upon the type and extent of the spinal cord injury (SCI), the level of function, medical complications, and a host of other social and environmental issues. Immediate and long-term goals vary because of differences in age, lifestyle, attitude, and family support. This article explores factors that impact seating and mobility needs after SCI, with an emphasis on their role in the life care plan. Consideration is given to planning for long-term equipment needs and maintenance.
Acid rain and its effects on sediments in lakes and streams

Wet and dry deposition of acidic substances, which are emitted to the atmosphere by human activities, have been falling on increasingly widespread areas throughout the world in recent decades. As a result, annual precipitation averages less than pH 4.5 over large areas of the Northern Temperate Zone, and not infrequently, individual rainstorms and cloud or fog-water events have pH values less than 3. Concurrently, thousands of lakes and streams in North America and Europe have become so acidified that they no longer support viable populations of fish and other organisms.
A simple in-vitro 'wet-plate' method for mass production of Phytophthora nicotianae zoospores and factors influencing zoospore production.

A simple in-vitro ‘wet-plate’ method for mass-producing Phytophthora nicotianae zoospores at ≥1.0×10 6 zoospores/ml is described. Temperature critically affected zoospore production; 22 °C was optimum, while 36 °C was completely inhibitory. Zoospores being the most important propagule of P. nicotianae, temperature of recycled irrigation water may be manipulated to reduce diseases in irrigated nursery crops. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Prototypicality and deductive reasoning

It is hypothesized that people use formally incorrect deductive procedures, and this is sometimes advisable. The particular “prototypicality heuristic” investigated is: to determine validity of a proof, (a) work out an example, and (b) pick a “good” rather than arbitrary example. An interaction was predicted between validity of inference and prototypicality of example. Experiment 1, although quite sensitive to “calibration” variables, does not reveal the interaction in reaction times. However, Experiment 2, in which subjects' time was limited, seems to elicit the interaction in subjects' first-trial confidence judgments; the explanation proposed is that subjects then decide they must shift to a “quick and dirty” heuristic. Experiment 3 provides some preliminary evidence that subjects' “metaheuristic” decision to use the heuristic does lower error rates.
The protectionist threat to world trade relations

In view of the lasting recession and the constantly high numbers of unemployed in the western industrialised countries, endangered industries and some governments resorted to protectionism during the last months. Besides Olivier Long, Director General of GATT, Wilhelm Haferkamp, Vice-President of the EC Commission, and Otto Wolff von Amerongen, President of the Central Association of German Chambers of Industry and Commerce, in the following two contributions pronounce on the inherent risks to free trade and our prosperity.
Resource-efficient parametric recovery of linear time-varying systems

This paper presents a novel, resource-efficient method of identifying the parametric description of linear, time-varying (LTV) systems, consisting of time shifts, frequency shifts, and complex amplitude scalings. Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) waveforms are used to probe the system, and the returns are used to identify the parametric description. The number of samples required for perfect recovery is shown to scale linearly in the number of descriptive parameters K, and the sampling rate required is sub-Nyquist when compared to the bandwidth of the LFM waveforms. The time-bandwidth product of the LFM waveforms scales quadratically in K. Numerical examples demonstrate perfect recovery of closely spaced targets in the delay-Doppler space.
Ion diffusion coefficients from resonant interactions with broadband turbulence in the magnetotail

A potentially important source of hot ions within the central plasma sheet (CPS) is warm plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) ions which interact with broadband electrostatic waves and electric field drift toward the CPS. In the PSBL, the local interaction between the waves and particles can be assumed to be unmagnetized. The effect of the magnetic field is to organize wave and particle distributions in velocity space. Under these conditions, particle diffusion is, in general, two-dimensional and is similar to magnetized diffusion. The general quasi-linear equations describing such diffusion are presented assuming that a spectrum of waves is excited similar to the waves observed in the boundary layer. In order to apply the general quasi-linear diffusion coefficients, two particle distribution models are assumed based on PSBL observations. One is for the outer edge and one is for the inner edge of the boundary. An expression for the unmagnetized dielectric function is given and evaluated for wave frequency and growth rate for the assumed particle distribution models. It is found that slow and fast mode ion-sound waves can be unstable for the range of plasma parameters considered. The diffusion coefficients are then evaluated for resonant warm PSBL ion interactions with ion-sound waves. The results illustrate how resonant ion diffusion rates vary with pitch angle and speed, and how the diffusion rates depend upon the distribution of wave energy in k space. For the model of the outer edge of the PSBL, pitch angle diffusion is found to dominate energy diffusion, whereas both types of diffusion can be important for the model of the inner edge of the PSBL. It is found that the characteristic time for resonant warm boundary layer ions to diffuse in velocity space is ∼10 min (for a wave electric field of 1 mV/m), which is approximately an ion bounce period. In addition, significant pitch angle and energy diffusion should occur resulting in isotropization of the warm PSBL ion beams to form the hot isotropic ion component in the CPS.
Comparative Effects of Phosphate and Thyrocalcitonin on Skeletal Turnover

The apparently complementary effects of thyrocalcitonin (TCT) and inorganic phosphate (PO4) were studied in the hypoparathyroid, prelabeled rat. Urinary 45Ca and 40Ca and hydroxyproline responses to parathyroid hormone (PTE) administration were attenuated in animals also given TCT. Although (PO4) caused a blunting of the calciuria induced by (PTE), no effect on the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline was observed. An additive effect of PO4 and TCT on PTE-induced skeletal turnover was observed. Whereas TCT inhibited bone resorption, PO4 facilitated the entry and reentry of calcium into bone, without altering collagenolysis.
Flotation Rest and Imagery in the Improvement of Collegiate Basketball Performance

22 expert collegiate basketball players were exposed to either imagery training only or restricted environmental stimulation (REST) with imagery training. The REST group showed significantly better...
Interferometric study of the chemiluminescent excitation of sodium by active nitrogen

Abstract Line shapes of the Na (D 2 ) emission (5890A) from the chemiluminescent reaction of active nitrogen with sodium have been measured in a flow system using a piezoelectric scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer. The sodium Doppler temperature is ≈ 1500°K. Experiments with added gases indicate that N 2 (A 3 Σ + u ) is the principal exciting species.
Expectancy Theory and Contract Grading Combined as an Effective Motivational Force for College Students

AbstractThe theory of expectancy which provides a clear path to a desired goal was applied through the delivery system of contract grading in order to determine if business student motivation and effort could be increased. Experiments were conducted during the 1974-75 school year using nine classes of college students with 280 total participants. Seven classes experienced contract grading and two experienced traditional grading methods. Results showed that student effort increased significantly using the contract grading method.
Development and Clinical Evaluation of a Root Coverage Procedure Using a Collagen Barrier Membrane

The use of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) procedures in the treatment of gingival recession has shown promising results and is gaining clinical acceptance. The purpose of this study was to assess the use of a bioabsorbable collagen membrane as a barrier device in root coverage treatment of gingival recession defects. The study consisted of 10 patients with 10 defects of either Miller Class I or II description and gingival recession ≥2.5 mm. Clinical measurements taken at baseline included plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI), clinical attachment level (CAL) measured with an automated probe and reference Stent, recession depth (RD); mean = 3.19 ± 0.26 mm), recession width (RW; 3.95 ± 0.41 mm), probing depth (PD; 2.3 ± 0.2 mm), and width of keratinized tissue (KT; 2.4 ± 0.3 mm); measurements were repeated at 1, 2, and 4 weeks and 3 and 6 months post-treatment. During the surgical procedure, a mucoperiosteal flap was elevated and the respective root thoroughly planed. The collagen membrane was cut to ...
Truncations of principal geometries

We investigate the class of principal pregeometries (free simplicial geometries with spanning simplex) which form an important subclass of the class of transversal pregeometries (free simplicial geometries). We give a coordinate-free method for imbedding a transversal pregeometry on a simplex as a free simplicial pregeometry which makes use only of the set-theoretic properties of a presentation of the transversal pregeometry. We introduce the notion of an (r, k)-principal set as a generalization of principal basis and prove the collection of (r, k)-principal sets of a rank k pregeometry, if non-empty, are the bases of another pregeometry whose structure is determined. An algorithm for constructing principal sets is given. We then characterize truncations of principal geometries in terms of the existence of a principal set. We do this by erecting a given pregeometry to a free simplicial pregeometry with spanning simplex. The erection is the freest of all erections of the given pregeometry.
Stabilized element residual method (SERM): a posteriori error estimation for the advection-diffusion equation

Residual-based a posteriori error estimation techniques have been developed for linear elliptic symmetric positive-definite problems. One asymptotically-exact error estimator for the elliptic Laplacian operator relies on solving local Neumann problems in each element. This technique is extended to the unsymmetric and positive semi-definite advection-diffusion (AD) operator. Here, a novel approach, the Stabilized Element Residual Method (SERM) is presented. In this method, the unsymmetric advection terms are retained in the formulation of the local error problem through the use of stabilized methods. The selection of the optimum stabilization parameter is discussed.
Motion Study in Management and the Arts: A Historical Example

This article argues that the emphasis on the analysis of motion prevalent in scientific management was only the manifestation of a phenomenon, a way of thinking, that started in the natural and physical sciences during the 19th century and spread through the arts to engineering and management. Rather than being a separate phenomenon unique to management, motion study was based on an emerging way of looking at the world. The approach represented an important change in the knowledge development paradigm and involved breaking down complex phenomenon into component parts and putting them back together in an effort to better understand the whole, appreciate interrelationships, and eventually improve efficiency. In management, Lillian Gilbreth's concept of analysis and synthesis, Frank Gilbreth's motion study, Adamiecki's harmonograms, and Day's network models and decision trees best illustrated this changing paradigm. Similarities between approaches to the scientific study of motion in management and selected ...
An optimization approach to shape matching and recognition

Abstract An optimization approach to shape matching and recognition is presented. The technique is a vertex based technique that uses surface contact as a criterion for measuring similarity. Given an object (polygon O) and a reference template (polygon T), the feasible region generated by polygon T is continuously magnified (expanded or contracted) by a factor, e, and polygon O is translated and rotated such that it falls inside T. The objective is to minimize the magnification factor. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem with a linear objective function and nonlinear constraints. A search-based procedure is used to solve this problem. To ensure global optimality, the nonlinear constraints are replaced by their linear approximations. The results show that the procedure is very effective in recognizing similar objects.
Strong acceptors in donor–acceptor polymers for high performance thin film transistors

Recent progress in the development of conjugated semiconducting polymers for thin film transistor applications has yielded materials with mobilities consistently exceeding 0.1 cm2 V−1 s−1. Even more significant are recent reports of polymers with TFT mobilities surpassing 1 cm2 V−1 s−1. With performance comparable to those of amorphous silicon TFTs, and with improved material stability, one can realistically envision promising future applications of these polymers. In reviewing the development of conjugated semiconducting polymers, two particularly interesting and significant observations are made. First, most of these high-performance materials are donor–acceptor polymers; and second, high mobilities of above 1 cm2 V−1 s−1 generally involve donor–acceptor polymers with strongly electron accepting moieties. The present perspective covers these latter polymers. We will cover the features that are common among these high-performance polymers and discuss unresolved issues that may determine their performance.
Ocean Exploration through NOAA: collaborations for excellence in exploration and education

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) Office of Ocean Exploration's mission is to lead NOAA ocean discovery by searching, investigating, and documenting unknown and poorly-known areas of the ocean using interdisciplinary exploration to advance and disseminate knowledge of the ocean environment and its physical, chemical, biological, and historical resources. Multidisciplinary expeditions to little-known or unknown ocean regions of the world ocean lie at the heart of accomplishing this mission and have taken scientists and educators to the Galapagos Rift, the Arctic Ocean, the Gulf of Alaska seamounts, and other areas as they sought to more completely know and understand our ocean. This presentation will focus on how NOAA is forming collaborations among scientists and educators to develop education and outreach resources tied to these expeditions, professional development for teachers to learn how to use these resources, and web-based daily logs from sea to supplement expedition-based lesson plans. This education program is directed at unfolding Key Objective 4 of the President's Panel on Ocean Exploration Report entitled Discovering Earth's Final Frontier: A U.S. Strategy for Ocean Exploration. This objective specifically calls for "reaching out in new ways to stakeholders to improve the literacy of learners with respect to ocean issues." A summary of the National Ocean Exploration Education Workshop findings will be presented, along with future programmatic priorities based on the workshop findings.
Pilot study to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography in confirming endotracheal tube placement

Study objective Visualization of the vocal cords and end-tidal capnography are the usual standards in confirming endotracheal tube placement. Vocal cord visualization is, however, not always possible, and capnography is not 100% reliable and requires ventilation of the lungs to confirm placement. The goal of this study is to determine the accuracy of ultrasonography for detecting endotracheal tube placement into the trachea and esophagus in real time. Methods This was a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Eligible patients were adults undergoing elective surgery requiring intubation. Exclusion criteria were a history of difficult intubation, abnormal airway anatomy, aspiration risk factors, and esophageal disease. Thirty-three patients were enrolled. After induction of anesthesia and neuromuscular blockade, the anesthesiologist placed the endotracheal tube in the trachea and esophagus in random order with direct laryngoscopy. During the intubations, a high-frequency, linear transducer was placed transversely on the neck at the suprasternal notch. Two emergency physicians, blinded to the order and performance of the intubations, independently recorded the location of the endotracheal tube according to the real-time ultrasonographic image. A 2-by-2 table was used to calculate sensitivity and specificity of the emergency physicians' ability to detect placement of the endotracheal tube. Results For each physician, the sensitivity for identifying the first intubation as tracheal was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI] 77% to 100%) with a specificity of 100% (95% CI 82% to 100%). One endotracheal tube was unintentionally placed twice in the esophagus, but both tube placements were identified as esophageal by the emergency physicians. Conclusion In this pilot study, 2 emergency physicians experienced in ultrasonography accurately detected placement of endotracheal tubes during intubation with ultrasonography in select patients in the controlled environment of the operating room. Future studies should examine the use of ultrasonography to visualize endotracheal tube placement in real time by emergency physicians with less ultrasonographic training; use of the technique in the emergency department on a wider range of patients, including patients with difficult airways; and assessment of the utility of ultrasonography in confirmation of endotracheal tube position in already intubated patients.
Sex-specific differences in rabbit fetal lung maturation in response to epidermal growth factor

Males and females exhibit different stages of lung development at the same gestation with males lagging behind. We hypothesized that one of the mechanisms responsible for the sex-specific difference in fetal lung maturation is a delay in the onset of epidermal growth factor (EGF) activity in the male fetal lung. EGF influences growth and differentiation during development. We studied the effects of EGF on the incorporation of glycerol into lamellar body disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) in sex-specific fetal rabbit lung explants prepared at 21 and 24 days gestation (term 31 days). The explants were maintained in Waymouth's media + 10% stripped fetal calf serum with or without EGF (10 ng/ml). The incorporation of [1,3-14C]glycerol into lamellar body DSPC was assessed after 3, 5, or 7 days of culture. Female lung explants prepared at 21 days of gestation had increased incorporation of glycerol into DSPC over time in response to EGF treatment. Male lung explants prepared at 21 days did not respond to EGF treatment. In explants prepared at 24 days gestation, baseline glycerol incorporation into DSPC was higher in female as compared to male fetal lung explants. EGF-responsiveness was also sex-specific in these more mature explants, with the male explants now responding to EGF with a consistent increase in the incorporation of glycerol into lamellar body DSPC. We conclude that one of the mechanisms responsible for the lag in male fetal lung development is a delay in the onset of EGF activity.
Interaction of the synaptic protein PICK1 (protein interacting with C kinase 1) with the non-voltage gated sodium channels BNC1 (brain Na+ channel 1) and ASIC (acid-sensing ion channel).

Neuronal members of the degenerin}epithelial Na+ channel (DEG}ENaC) family of cation channels include the mammalian brain Na+ channel 1 (BNC1), acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) and dorsal-root acid-sensing ion channel (DRASIC). Their response to acidic pH, their sequence similarity to nematode proteins involved in mechanotransduction and their modulation by neuropeptides suggest that they may function as receptors for a number of dierent stimuli. Using the yeast two-hybrid assay, we found that the PDZ domain-containing protein PICK1 (protein interacting with C kinase) interacts specifically with the C-termini of BNC1 and ASIC, but not DRASIC or the related aENaC or bENaC. In both the yeast two-hybrid system and mammalian cells, deletion of the BNC1 and ASIC C-termini abolished the interaction with PICK1. Likewise, mutating the PDZ domain in PICK1 abolished its interaction with BNC1 and
The immunologic diagnosis of chronic active 'autoimmune' hepatitis: Distinction from systemic lupus erythematosus

We have evaluated the immunologic characteristics often associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in a series of patients with a variety of different liver diseases. Antibody to doublestranded DNA as measured by the Farr assay was detected frequently in patients with various forms of liver disease. No patient with liver disease, including those with a presumed immunologic etiology, was found to have antibody to double-stranded DNA using more specific assays. Other immunologic phenomena such as the presence of immunofluorescent staining at the dermalepidermal junction in the lupus band test, circulating immune complexes and the presence of antinuclear antibody were present in a number of patients with different forms of liver disease. The absence of antibody to double-stranded DNA in patients with liver disease suggests that there may be a true immunologic distinction between systemic lupus erythematosus and chronic active (“lupoid”) hepatitis.
Iglesia me llamo : Church asylum and the law in Spain and colonial Spanish America

“Iglesia me llamo” (“church is my name”) was the only phrase uttered over and over by numerous criminals during judicial interrogations that took place at various times throughout the Iberian kingdoms that ultimately became Spain, and their American colonies. This expression meant that even after committing heinous crimes, those outlaws received shelter at local churches and thereby felt entitled not to disclose any information to justice officials about their conduct. Such criminals were confident that it would not be easy to remove them from the church for punishment. Indeed, groups of wrongdoers turned churchyards, churches, their cloisters, and their adjoining cemeteries into permanent residences. They were alleged to move freely in and out of church buildings under cover of night and to bring friends, lovers, and liquor in for enjoyment. Their presence terrorized neighbors and passersby, and inconvenienced priests and parishioners alike.
Differential Staining of Inner Ear Fluids by Protargol

Present day techniques for processing temporal bones involve celloidin embedding. With a few modifications in Bodian's silver staining procedure the celloidin of the endolymphatic spaces stains dar...
Crustal Affinities of Metallogenesis in the American Southwest

The source of metals in many lands of ores and ore deposit styles remains uncertain, notwithstanding more than a century of field studies, scientific advances in concepts, and enhancement of analytical capability. However, numerous geologic research efforts that have addressed many relevant themes in southern Arizona have resulted in different kinds of data supporting and consistent with the interpretation of significant association of some ore metals of this region with cratonic crust. These themes range in scale from studies of regional geology, geophysical interpretations, and precious metal production through petrology to trace element and isotope geochemistry. The notion of a crustal source for metals contrasts with many long-standing ideas of direct mantle sources for this metal province, or more recently, direct derivation of metals from subducted materials. A hundred years of recorded silver and gold production reveal a two-fold separation of mining districts in Arizona and New Mexico, on the basis of ranges of produced Ag/Au ratio that correspond in turn with a separation of two distinct geologic domains of the southern cordilleran metal province. The produced Ag/Au ratio in districts of different ages, ore styles, tectonic setting, and metal habit are not affected by deposit style or ore control, or igneous rock type, or vertical zoning and weathering. Studies of the isotopes and trace element chemistry of related igneous rocks reveal that ore-related intrusions have a significant crustal progenitor. Studies of Pb and Os isotopes have discovered strong signals of crustal parentage in ore minerals. The regional geology, metallization history, production, and chemical and isotopic data strongly support a hypothesis of crustal sources of some of the metal in this large and complex province.
Exploration of guilt among mothers who do not breastfeed: the physician's role.

Physicians commonly state the concern that, if they promote breastfeeding, they may “impose guilt upon those who do not breastfeed.” This article explores the genesis of this fear, who may benefit from this construct, and the terminology of guilt, shame, and loss. The article also explores the responsibility for both lactation failure and associated shame, considering the roles and responsibilities of physicians, the media, and society as a whole. An alternative construct for the guilt is offered, based on the consideration that the woman experiences lack of breastfeeding as a loss at some level, conscious or subconscious, and whether the choice to not breastfeed is her decision or imposed. Proposed approaches for acting to prevent and to treat shame and guilt are presented. J Hum Lact. 24(1):80-84.
A pattern recognition expert system for the detection and classification of narrowband and broadband signals

A pattern recognition expert system for detecting narrowband and broadband signals in the presence of noise is presented. The system detects and classifies signals based upon the shape of the power spectrum. From the extracted shape description, decisions are made on the presence or absence of narrowband and broadband signals. The system can either detect signals from user-defined parameters or from a time sequence sample of the desired sequence. The system was tested on simulated (Gaussian shape) and real scale model data. Results from simulated data showed the successful detection of narrowband signals in environments dominated by broadband and narrowband noise. The expert system successfully detected narrowband signals down to -28 dB SNR (broadband noise dominated) and -23 dB SNR (narrowband noise dominated). Test results for real data were equally supportive. >