cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Edge Detection from Non-Uniform Fourier Data Using the Convolutional Gridding Algorithm

Detecting edges in images from a finite sampling of Fourier data is important in a variety of applications. For example, internal edge information can be used to identify tissue boundaries of the brain in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, which is an essential part of clinical diagnosis. Likewise, it can also be used to identify targets from synthetic aperture radar data. Edge information is also critical in determining regions of smoothness so that high resolution reconstruction algorithms, i.e. those that do not "smear over" the internal boundaries of an image, can be applied. In some applications, such as MRI, the sampling patterns may be designed to oversample the low frequency while more sparsely sampling the high frequency modes. This type of non-uniform sampling creates additional difficulties in processing the image. In particular, there is no fast reconstruction algorithm, since the FFT is not applicable. However, interpolating such highly non-uniform Fourier data to the uniform coefficients (so that the FFT can be employed) may introduce large errors in the high frequency modes, which is especially problematic for edge detection. Convolutional gridding, also referred to as the non-uniform FFT, is a forward method that uses a convolution process to obtain uniform Fourier data so that the FFT can be directly applied to recover the underlying image. Carefully chosen parameters ensure that the algorithm retains accuracy in the high frequency coefficients. Similarly, the convolutional gridding edge detection algorithm developed in this paper provides an efficient and robust way to calculate edges. We demonstrate our technique in one and two dimensional examples.
The complex vibrations and implied drag of a long oceanographic wire in cross-flow☆

Abstract A cylinder in cross-flow experiences periodic forcing related to the shedding of vortices in its wake. Long wires in the ocean vibrate in response to this forcing, but their length and damping is such that boundary conditions do not generally apply to solutions of the equations of motion and their vibratory behavior at one point is of little consequence at remote points. The bulk of previous studies of vibrating wire characteristics have utilized only short wires or cylinders in the laboratory, so have not considered or even permitted this phenomenon. During a typical deployment of the Scripps Deep-Tow survey system to 2800 m a small 2-axis accelerometer package was attached to the tow wire at a depth of 30 m and its output recorded in a diver-operated vehicle about 1 m downstream. Analysis of this data produced sharply peaked spectra with the frequencies of vibration in the direction of flow twice those across the flow. Good correlations were found between mean amplitudes across the flow and the corresponding peak frequencies, and between mean amplitudes across and aligned with the flow. Preference for a specific phase relation between motions in the two planes suggests that vortex shedding occurs progressively and forcing has the form of a complex wave travelling down the wire. To investigate the implications of the preceding, a tow-tank fixture was built which permitted reproduction of amplitude, frequency and phase relations in a cylinder representing a point on the wire. A series of runs were then made to measure drag force directly and obtain an empirical drag law. A constant drag coefficient of 1.8 was found in the Reynolds number range 7000–12000, contrary to other investigations that have ignored vibrations in the flow direction.
ISOTOPE SHIFTS OF K X RAYS AND VARIATIONS OF NUCLEAR CHARGE RADII.

The electronic $K{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1}$ isotope shifts have been studied for the following sets of isotopes: ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{116\ensuremath{-}124}$, ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{144\ensuremath{-}150}$, ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{148\ensuremath{-}154}$, ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{155\ensuremath{-}156\ensuremath{-}160}$, ${\mathrm{W}}^{182\ensuremath{-}184\ensuremath{-}186}$, ${\mathrm{Hg}}^{200\ensuremath{-}204}$, and ${\mathrm{Pb}}^{206\ensuremath{-}208}$. With the help of a curved-crystal spectrometer in the Cauchois geometry the relative wavelengths of fluorescently excited x rays for two enriched isotope samples were measured to a precision of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$. The observed shifts, corrected for the normal and specific mass shifts, were compared with calculated shifts, taking into account the volume effect (adjusted for the dynamic quadrupole interaction), screening by the transition electron, and a term arising from the anomalous magnetic moment. The anomalies previously observed in the optical and muonic shifts are established with good accuracy by the present experiments.
Accurate energy breakeven time estimation for run-time power gating

Run-time Power Gating (RTPG) is a recent technique, which aims at aggressively reducing leakage power consumption. Energy breakeven time (EBT), or equivalent sleep time has been proposed as a critical figure of merit of RTPG. Our research introduces the definition of average EBT in a run-time environment. We develop a method to estimate the average EBT for any given circuit block, considering the impact of circuit states. HSPICE simulation results on ISCAS85 benchmark circuits show that the average EBT model has on the average 1.8% error. The CAD tool implemented based on the model can perform fast estimations with a speedup of 3000times over HSPICE.
Genetic differences in leverpress escape/avoidance conditioning in seven mouse strains

Studies of inbred mouse strains can provide us with important information about the genetic basis of learning and memory. The present experiment studies the acquisition of a leverpress escape/avoidance task in six commonly studied inbred mouse strains (C57BL/6NCrlBR, DBA/2NCrlBR, C3H/HeJ, FVB/NJ, BALB/cByJ and 129S6/SvEvTac), and one outbred strain, the CD1. Results indicated that the strains formed three discrete performance clusters. The C57BL/6NCrlBR, C3HeB/FeJ, BALB/cByJ, and CD1 strains acquired the avoidance response comparably to Sprague-Dawley rats, avoiding approximately 40% of shocks by the fourth and final training session. The 129S6/SvEvTac and FVB/NJ were extremely poor at the avoidance task throughout training. The FVB/NJ strain remained in an escape mode, while the 129S6/SvEvTac animals performed few responses of any type. Finally, the DBA/2NCrlBR strain performed exceptionally well, avoiding over 90% of the shocks by the final session. Results are discussed in terms of genetic differences in learning and how the nigrostriatal dopamine system may mediate the observed differences.
Multigrid Method and Fourth-Order Compact Scheme for 2D Poisson Equation with Unequal Mesh-Size Discretization

Abstract A fourth-order compact difference scheme with unequal mesh sizes in different coordinate directions is employed to discretize a two-dimensional Poisson equation in a rectangular domain. Multigrid methods using a partial semicoarsening strategy and line Gauss–Seidel relaxation are designed to solve the resulting sparse linear systems. Numerical experiments are conducted to test the accuracy of the fourth-order compact difference scheme and to compare it with the standard second-order difference scheme. Convergence behavior of the partial semicoarsening and line Gauss–Seidel relaxation multigrid methods is examined experimentally.
On the Skill and Utility of NMC's Medium-Range Central Guidance

Abstract Verification scores are presented to illustrate the general success of NMC forecasters in providing the best day 3,4, and 5 mean sea level pressure and 6–10-day mean 500-mb height fields given the operationally available array of often conflicting NWP model solutions. As a primer on NMC efforts to enhance the utility of the medium-range forecast guidance, a brief overview is provided on the rationale and expectations for ensemble prediction.
Grouping normal distributions with unknown parameters

Optimal group definitions, maximizing retained information, are well known for grouping normal distributions with known parameters. When these group definitions are used with sample estimates substituted for unknown parameters, there is a shrinkage of retained information. If there are k groups, and if the size of the sample yielding parameter estimates is n, then this shrinkage is less than 5% for n = 12.
Frozen Blueberry‐soy Dessert Quality

ABSTRACT: Lowbush or wild blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) and soy protein offer many complementary health benefits; thus, combinations of these 2 foods may appeal to health-conscious consumers. Four frozen dessert formulations were prepared with soy protein isolate and different amounts of blueberry concentrate and puree. Fat content (3% or 10%) was adjusted with soybean oil and nondairy creamer. Consumers (n= 40) from the campus community used a 9-point hedonic scale to assess acceptability. The 10% fat content and 8.6% blueberry concentrate formulation received the highest overall acceptability (6.63, P < 0.05), compared with formulations with 10% fat and 17.2% blueberry concentrate and 3% fat and 12.9% blueberry concentrate. More than 1 /3 of the panelists are trying to increase blueberry consumption, 20% want to increase soy, and 20% want to eat more of both foods. Development of palatable desserts combining lowbush blueberries and soy protein could lead to increased consumption of both healthy ingredients.
1.5-GHz CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator based on thickness-field-excited piezoelectric AlN contour-mode MEMS resonators

This paper reports on the first demonstration of a 1.5 GHz CMOS oscillator based on thickness-field-excited (TFE) piezoelectric AlN MEMS contour-mode resonators (CMRs). The measured phase noise is −85 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset frequency and −151 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz. This is the highest frequency MEMS oscillator ever reported using a laterally vibrating mechanical resonator. The high frequency operation has been enabled by optimizing the geometrical design and micro-fabrication process of TFE AlN CMRs, so that a low effective motional resistance around 50 Ω is achieved together with a high unloaded quality factor (Q u ) approaching 2500 and simultaneously high k2 t up to 1.96%. A tunable-supply oscillator design is proposed for fine frequency tuning (or trimming) over a narrow bandwidth. The circuit design enables a novel GHz voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) without the use of any low-Q tunable component. The 1.5 GHz VCO exhibits a 1500 ppm tuning range by a DC voltage change of 2.5 V. This technique can be utilized for fine frequency trimming and temperature compensation applications.
Survival analysis of robotic versus traditional laparoscopic surgical staging for endometrial cancer

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the survival of women with endometrial cancer managed by robotic- and laparoscopic-assisted surgery. Study Design This was a retrospective study conducted at 2 academic centers. Primary outcomes were overall survival, disease-free survival (DFS), and disease recurrence. Results From 2003 through 2010, 415 women met the study criteria. A total of 183 women had robotic and 232 women had laparoscopic-assisted surgery. Both groups were comparable in age, body mass index, comorbid conditions, histology, surgical stage, tumor grade, total nodes retrieved, and adjuvant therapy. With a median follow-up of 38 months (range, 4–61 months) for the robotic and 58 months (range, 4–118 months) for the traditional laparoscopic group, there were no significant differences in survival (3-year survival 93.3% and 93.6%), DFS (3-year DFS 83.3% and 88.4%), and tumor recurrence (14.8% and 12.1%) for robotic and laparoscopic groups, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that surgery is not an independent prognostic factor of survival. Conclusion Robotic-assisted surgery yields equivalent oncologic outcomes when compared to traditional laparoscopic surgery for endometrial adenocarcinoma.
TREATMENT OF MULTIBODY INTERACTIONS IN MOLECULAR SIMULATIONS OF SYSTEMS WITH GENERAL BOND NETWORKS

One of the most formidable difficulties in the computer programming of molecular simulations is the sometimes complicated bookkeeping required for keeping track of internal coordinates and their derivatives. A completely general method for keeping track of stretch (two-body), bend (three-body), and torsion, wag, and other four-body interactions for ANY bond network is presented. Computer code using this method for calculating internal coordinates and their derivatives can be used for completely different types of bond networks, no matter how complex, with little or no modification. The method is designed to incorporate recent improved formulas for calculating internal coordinates and their derivatives to ensure the most optimal calculation sequence. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem18: 1513–1522, 1997
Eating disorders and illness burden in patients with bipolar spectrum disorders.

Abstract Objectives The objectives of the study were to evaluate the clinical significance of lifetime eating disorder comorbidity in a well-defined sample of patients with bipolar spectrum disorders and to describe cognitive correlates of disordered eating in this group. Method Twenty-six bipolar patients with a lifetime history of a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) –defined eating disorder (n = 17) or a clinically significant subthreshold eating disorder (n = 9) (ED group) were compared with 46 bipolar patients with no history of an eating disorder (no-ED group) on demographic and clinical characteristics at study presentation, history of bipolar illness, and other psychiatric comorbidity. Measures included the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, the Clinical Global Impression–Severity Scale–Bipolar Version (CGI-S-BP), and the Eating Disorder Examination. Height and weight were recorded to calculate body mass index. Results Patients in the ED group were heavier and were rated as more symptomatic on the CGI-S-BP than were patients in the no-ED group. The ED group also had a higher number of lifetime depressive episodes and greater psychiatric comorbidity, excluding eating and mood disorders. Finally, after controlling for body mass index and CGI-S-BP rating, patients in the ED group had significantly higher Eating Disorder Examination Restraint, Eating Concern, Shape Concern, Weight Concern, and Global scores than did patients in the no-ED group. Conclusions These findings highlight the need for a renewed emphasis on the evaluation and management of weight and eating in the mood disorders. In particular, this research suggests that eating disorder comorbidity may be a marker for increased symptom load and illness burden in bipolar disorder.
A new 99mTc-complex with a germanium-hydrazide (GeTH) ligand

A new tetrahydrazido-germanium (GeTH) ligand was synthesized, characterized and complexed with 99mTc. The negatively charged 99mTc-chelate was shown to form in high yields at neutral pH in the absence of other reducing agents and exhibits high in vitro and in vivo stability.
The experimental partitioning of Ba2+ into calcite

Abstract In a series of 19 runs, the partition coefficient for barium into calcite, k Ba 2+ calcite , was determined to be 0.06 ± 0.01 at 25°C and 1 bar. The partition coefficient is independent of precipitation rate over the range of rates tested. Our value of k Ba 2+ calcite is substantially lower than that previously reported by Y. Kitano and coworkers. This is attributed to our seeding of the solutions with calcite to examine partitioning during calcite growth, rather than relying on spontaneous nucleation. The value of 0.06 for Ba is consistent with values reported for Sr ( k Sr 2+ calcite = 0.05 to 0.14) upon consideration of the radii of the respective divalent ions. The geologic behavior of Ba, as predicted for such a small partition coefficient, is consistent with observations of its preferential exclusion from natural diagenetic calcite relative to the parent aqueous solution.
Celluloid Marginalization: Pedagogical Strategies for Increasing Students’ Critical Thought Through the Multiple (Re)Readings of Trans* Subjectivities in Film

Critically analyzing films allows for the interrogation of how such binaries as normal/abnormal, good/bad, and moral/immoral are culturally (re)inscribed, who sets the boundaries of what is deemed socially legible, and who gets to decide where these boundaries are set. This article utilizes critical discourse analysis to explore the transgender look as it relates to films with negative, conflicted, and positive readings of trans* characters. The study concludes by considering opportunities for increasing student critical analysis and thought in curricular settings and how, through critical pedagogical practices, educators can use critical pedagogy to promote equity for all marginalized populations.
The Relationship Among Alcohol Consumption, Tailgating, and Negative Consequences

Tailgating has been associated with both problem drinking and high-risk behaviors. The purpose of this study was to determine if student participation in game day on-campus tailgating activities is associated with increased alcohol consumption. Employing a convenience sample of 567 university students, the authors compared the alcohol use patterns of students who participated in tailgating activities with students who did not. Survey results indicate that tailgating is positively associated (p < .05) with increased drinking and greater high-risk behaviors for college students. Implications for practice and future research are highlighted.
A DEMONSTRATION OF ADAPTIVE LEAST-MEAN-SQUARE CONTROL OF SMALL AMPLITUDE VORTEX-INDUCED VIBRATIONS

Small amplitude vortex-induced vibrations of flexible cylinders are controlled using a robust adaptive Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm. The algorithm, with its adaptive control capabilities, provides an excellent means of rejecting the effect of the periodic vortex-induced excitations which act persistently on the flexible cylinders. It is also capable of accommodating a considerable amount of uncertainty of the structural parameters of the vibrating cylinders. The LMS control action is developed using a hot-wire anemometer placed in the wake of the cylinder to generate a reference signal which is indicative of the vortex-shedding excitation. The resulting signal is manipulated and fed forward to minimize the structural vibration at critical locations. In this manner, the LMS method presents a simple yet powerful alternative to classical control methods or disturbance-counteracting laws. The effectiveness of the LMS controller in suppressing small amplitude vortex-induced vibrations of flexible cylinders is demonstrated experimentally at various flow conditions. The effect of the design parameters of the LMS controller on its performance is also investigated. The results obtained emphasize the potential of the LMS method as an effective and robust means for attenuating undesirable vortex-induced vibrations.
Deformed CT reconstruction from limited projection data

Abstract In a sequence of CT studies of the same patient, the anatomy can deform but much of the anatomical information remains consistent from one study to the next. Therefore, once an initial CT has been made, it should be possible to approximately reconstruct subsequent 3D representations of the anatomy from less than a full set of CT sinogram data. We present a scheme to do this. A parameterized deformation model is applied to the initial CT. Two or more projection radiographs are then acquired of the anatomy after it has changed shape. Corresponding synthetic radiographs are computed from the initial CT while it is iteratively deformed by the model. The model parameters are adjusted until the synthetic radiographs optimally resemble the actual projections. We show that the deformation model that yields matching real and synthetic projections accurately describes the actual deformation of the anatomy imaged in the radiographs.
Thermodynamics of ATP hydrolysis from membrane electrode measurements of metal-ion ATP and ADP complexation.

Abstract Free energies for the ATP-ADP hydrolysis reaction have been recalculated on the basis of new thermodynamic formation constants for metal-ion ATP and ADP complexes as determined by potentiometric measurements with ion-selective membrane electrodes. It is shown that free-energy maps are sharply altered at metal-ion levels greater than 10 −3 m because of the effect of previously unrecognized 2:1 complexes of divalent metal ions with ATP and ADP. New formation constants for ADP complexes with sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium are also reported.
Decision rules for selecting effect sizes in meta-analysis: a review and reanalysis of psychotherapy outcome studies.

This study deals with some of the judgmental factors involved in selecting effect sizes from within the studies that enter a meta-analysis. Particular attention is paid to the conceptual redundancy rule that Smith, Glass, and Miller (1980) used in their study of the effectiveness of psychotherapy for deciding which effect sizes should and should not be counted in determining an overall effect size. Data from a random sample of 25 studies from Smith et al.'s (1980) population of psychotherapy outcome studies were first recoded and then reanalyzed meta-analytically. Using the conceptual redundancy rule, three coders independently coded effect sizes and identified more than twice as many of them per study as did Smith et al. Moreover, the treatment effect estimates associated with this larger sample of effects ranged between .30 and .50, about half the size claimed by Smith et al. Analyses of other rules for selecting effect sizes showed that average effect estimates also varied with these rules. Such results indicate that the average effect estimates derived from meta-analyses may depend heavily on judgmental factors that enter into how effect sizes are selected within each of the individual studies considered relevant to a meta-analysis.
Creatine kinase activity in postnatal rat brain development and in cultured neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes.

: The development and distribution of cytosolic creatine kinase (CK) activity was studied in rat brain and in cell culture. The activity of CK in whole brain increased almost fivefold during the period from birth to day 40 when adult levels of 18–19 U/mg of protein were attained. The distribution of CK activity was examined in dissected regions of the adult brain and was nonuniform; the cerebellum, the striatum, and the pyramidal tracts contained significantly higher CK activity than did whole brain. The cellular compartmentation of CK was investigated using primary cultures of purified neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. The CK activity in neurons increased fourfold greater than that measured at the time of isolation to 4 U/mg of protein. The CK activity in astrocytes cultured for 20 days was 3.5 U/mg of protein and was 1.5-fold greater than that measured at the time of isolation. In contrast, the CK activity in cultured oligodendrocytes (day 20) was three- to fourfold higher than that determined in astrocytes and almost sevenfold higher than the activity measured at the time the cells were isolated. The high levels of CK in cultured oligodendrocytes suggest a role for this enzyme in oligodendrocyte function and/or myelinogenesis.
Age and Gender Related Changes in the Normal Human Brain using Hybrid Diffusion Imaging (HYDI)

Diffusion tensor imaging has been widely used to study brain diseases, disorders, development, and aging. However, few studies have explored the effects of aging on diffusion imaging measures with higher b values. Further, the water diffusion in biological tissues appears biexponential, although this also has not been explored with aging. In this study, hybrid diffusion imaging (HYDI) was used to study 52 healthy subjects with an age range from 18 to 72 years. The HYDI diffusion-encoding scheme consisted of five concentric q-space shells with b values ranging from 0 to 9375 s/mm(2). Quantitative diffusion measures were investigated as a function of age and gender using both region-of-interest (whole-brain white matter, genu and splenium of corpus callosum, posterior limb of the internal capsule) and whole-brain voxel-based analyses. Diffusion measures included measures of the diffusion probability density function (zero displacement probability and mean-squared displacement), biexponential diffusion (i.e., volume fractions of fast/slow diffusion compartments and fast/slow diffusivities), and DTI measures (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity). The biexponential volume fraction, the fast diffusivity, and the axial diffusivity measures (f(1), D(1), and D(a)) were found to be more sensitive to normal aging than the restricted, slow and radial diffusion measures (P(0), D(2), and D(r)). The biexponential volume fraction, f(1), showed the most widespread age dependence in the voxel-based analyses, although both FA and mean diffusivity did show changes in frontal white matter regions that may be associated with age-related decline.
Prognostication and language aptitude testing, 1925-62

During the 1930s, efforts were made in the USA and elsewhere to develop prognostic tests that would justify decisions to exclude unqualified students from high school foreign language classes. In the USA, after the second world war, USA government language programmes supported research in the assessment of language aptitude to improve selection techniques. While a study by one group of psychologists failed, later work by John B. Carroll and colleagues led to the development of usable language aptitude tests, and contributed to the understanding of the nature of language aptitude.
Slow Light Using P-Doped Semiconductor Heterostructures for High-Bandwidth Nonlinear Signal Processing

We propose a novel scheme for slow light based on a resonant three-level lambda system (RTLS) in a p-doped semiconductor heterostructure. Numerical simulations show that a slow-down factor of 145 and a slow-down-bandwidth product exceeding 200 THz can be achieved in semiconductor quantum wells at room temperature. These figures of merit make the RTLS slow light especially useful for the enhancement of the optical nonlinearity in high bandwidth all-optical signal processing applications.
The symbiotic association between intracellular zoochlorellae (chlorophyceae) and the coelenterateAnthopleura xanthogrammica

The ability of intracellular marine zoochlorellae (Chlorophyceae) to provide their host with photosynthetically fixed carbon in vivo or with algal by-products via hetrophagy or autophagy is examined in the coelenterate A nthopleura xanthogrammica. Algae do fix 14CO2 within the gastrodermal tissue layer of the host and the level of 14C present within the gastrodermis is dependent upon the nutritional state of the host. The various techniques used to detect the percent light-fixed 14C present within the tissues of the host result in values ranging from less than zero to 3.9%, independent of the nutritional state of the host, indicating that relatively small amounts of soluble fixed carbon are translocatedto, the host's tissues. Acid phosphatase reaction product is absent within vacuoles containing algae; cellular debris which co-occurs within these same vacuoles is also free of reaction product, suggesting that the presence of an alga within a vacuole inhibits (in an unknown manner) the cellular digestive processes of the host. Further, reaction product is restricted to the exterior of the cell wall following expulsion of algae into the host's coelenteron, suggesting that the cell wall is resistant tolysosomal hydrolase activity. The distribution of acid phosphatase reaction product in situ suggests that little in the way of algal by-products would be made available to the host by the process of heterophagy or autophagy.
Spatial attention and the mental number line: Evidence for characteristic biases and compression

Numbers are often proposed to be represented spatially as lying along a mental number line. The present study examined whether the direction of spatial attention operates similarly in physical and numerical space. Participants bisected physical lines by indicating the perceived center and “bisected” the mental number line by estimating (without calculating) the number midway between two others. Healthy participants generally show a slight leftward bias (pseudoneglect) when bisecting physical lines. In the present study, pseudoneglect was also observed on mental number line bisection and, importantly, was greater for participants who showed stronger pseudoneglect on physical line bisection. This finding suggests that hemispheric asymmetries in spatial attention operate similarly in physical and numerical space. Furthermore, this bias increased with the average of the numbers, consistent with the proposal that the spatial representation of the mental number line is nonlinearly compressive, with pairs of numbers lying closer together as their magnitude increases.
On developing B-spline registration algorithms for multi-core processors

Spline-based deformable registration methods are quite popular within the medical-imaging community due to their flexibility and robustness. However, they require a large amount of computing time to obtain adequate results. This paper makes two contributions towards accelerating B-spline-based registration. First, we propose a grid-alignment scheme and associated data structures that greatly reduce the complexity of the registration algorithm. Based on this grid-alignment scheme, we then develop highly data parallel designs for B-spline registration within the stream-processing model, suitable for implementation on multi-core processors such as graphics processing units (GPUs). Particular attention is focused on an optimal method for performing analytic gradient computations in a data parallel fashion. CPU and GPU versions are validated for execution time and registration quality. Performance results on large images show that our GPU algorithm achieves a speedup of 15 times over the single-threaded CPU implementation whereas our multi-core CPU algorithm achieves a speedup of 8 times over the single-threaded implementation. The CPU and GPU versions achieve near-identical registration quality in terms of RMS differences between the generated vector fields.
Immunohistochemical Staining For S100 Protein in the Diagnosis of Canine Amelanotic Melanoma

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of canine amelanotic melanomas and normal canine tissues were studied immunohistochemically for the presence of S100 protein. Use of the avidin-biotin complex procedure demonstrated variable amounts of S100 protein in the tumor cell cytoplasm and nuclei in 26 of 31 tumors. S100 protein was not observed in some other common canine skin tumors stained by the avidin-biotin complex technique. These were a mast cell tumor, fibrosarcoma, mammary gland adenocarcinoma, histiocytoma, transmissible venereal tumor, and a thyroid gland adenocarcinoma. Among normal tissues the presence of S100 protein was demonstrated in chondrocytes in the trachea, myoepithelial cells in the breast, melanocytes in the skin, some sweat glands and ducts in the skin, stellate cells in the pituitary, and interdigitating reticulum cells in the lymph node and in Peyer's patches. These results indicate that the avidin-biotin complex procedure for demonstrating S100 protein is a useful diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of canine amelanotic melanoma.
The Threat of the Housing Inspector: A Case of Hoarding

Mrs. T. is a 40-year-old white female with rapid-cycling bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and obsessivecompulsive personality disorder (OCPD) who is married to a 40-year-old man with bipolar disorder and obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD). She was referred for resumption of psychotherapy following a 1-year period during which treatment was managed solely by her psychopharmacologist. Mrs. T. had experienced a difficult termination with her previous therapist, but she and her psychopharmacologist believed that she would now benefit from further treatment. The tone of the new therapy was established the day before the first session, when Mrs. T. paged the therapist to inform him that she was feeling anxious and overwhelmed by a new crisis in her housing situation. This situation was to dominate the next 7 months of therapy. The patient’s landlady was threatening eviction because of uncleared piles of belongings stacked about the couple’s apartment, resulting in possible violation of fire codes. This clutter was the result of Mrs. T.’s lifelong pattern of hoarding; she had been unable to dispose of anything-old magazines, clothing, books, or almost any other nonperishable item-that might hold meaning for her. Mrs. T. had weathered a few similar eviction threats in the past by placing her excess belongings in storage as a temporizing measure. On two occasions, these
A comparison of converter topologies for vehicle-to-grid applications: Three-leg converter versus H-bridge converter

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology is one promising feature of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. A comprehensive comparison between the three-leg converter and H-bridge converter applied to vehicle-to-grid applications is made. This comparison focuses on the converter's passive components, power consumption and control effort. A three-leg converter with an LCL filter designed for a typical American household electric system is proposed. This converter has both vehicle-to-grid function and stand-alone function with high performance.
Correction of metabolic alkalosis by potassium chloride in ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome

A 57-year-old white man presented with metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia (pH 7.58, HCO3 >50 mEq/L, serum K 1.8 mEq/L) and hypertension. The initial evaluation was significant for markedly elevated serum cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level; neither hormone showed circadian rhythm or suppression with high-dose dexamethasone. Perihilar and supraclavicular masses were found to consist of undifferentiated small cell carcinoma. Ectopic ACTH syndrome was diagnosed. In spite of progressively rising hormone levels (ACTH, 723 pg/dL; and cortisol, 212 microgram/dL), his severe metabolic alkalosis was largely corrected by aggressive treatment with potassium chloride alone. Possible mechanisms of these clinical findings are discussed.
Effects of physico-chemical state of vit. B12 preparation in digestive tract on its absorption.

SummaryTwo means of enhancing Vit. B12 absorption in rats have been described. It was found that certain surface active agents, such as Tween 80, Tween 85 and G-1096, which form a semi-solid matter with an equal volume of water markedly enhanced absorption of Co60B12 when fed by stomach tube immediately before oral dose of Co60B12. The effect was abolished upon dilution of the agent with water before administration. Oral Vit.B12 preceded by one of these undiluted compounds evacuated from the stomach at a much slower rate than without pre-administration of the compound. Saline cathartics such as hypertonic solutions of magnesium sulfate and disodium phosphate also enhanced absorption of Vit. B12 when administered in the same way. However, when tested with “intestinal loop’ technic, neither surfactants nor salt solutions were able to substitute for gastric intrinsic factor. The possible mechanisms for the observed phenomenon of enhancement of absorption have been discussed.
Molecular Reactions and Ultrastructural Damage in the Chronically Ischemic Bladder

Purpose: Clinical and basic research data suggest that pelvic ischemia may contribute to bladder overactivity. We characterized the molecular and ultrastructural reactions of the chronically ischemic bladder.Materials and Method: A model of pelvic ischemia was developed by creating iliohypogastric/pudendal arterial atherosclerosis in rabbits. At 12 weeks conscious urinary frequency was examined, bladder blood flow was recorded and cystometrograms were done using general anesthesia. Bladder tissue was processed for molecular and ultrastructural analysis using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and transmission electron microscopy.Results: Conscious urinary frequency and the frequency of spontaneous bladder contractions significantly increased in animals with pelvic ischemia. Bladder ischemia up-regulated the gene and protein expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α, transforming growth factor-β and nerve growth factor B. Vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression also i...
Tire-Terrain Normal and Longitudinal Dynamics and Slip Power Losses of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle

Studies of the tire-terrain interaction have mostly been completed on vehicles with steered wheels, but not much work has been done regarding skid-steered Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV). This paper introduces a mathematical model of normal and longitudinal dynamics of a UGV with four skid-steered pneumatic tire wheels. Unlike the common approach, in which two wheels at each side are treated as one wheel (i.e., having the same rotational speeds), all four wheels in this study are independently driven. Thus the interaction of each tire with deformable terrain is introduced as holonomic constraints.The stress-strain characteristics for tire-soil interaction are analyzed based on modern Terramechanics methods and then further used to determine the circumferential wheel forces of the four tires. Contributions of three components of each tire circumferential force to tire slippages are modeled and analyzed when the tire normal loads vary during vehicle straight-line motion. The considered tire-soil characteristics are mathematically reduced to a form that allows condensing the computational time for on-line computing tire-terrain characteristics. Additionally, rolling resistance of the tires is analyzed and incorporated in the UGV dynamic equations.Moreover, the paper describes the physics of slip power losses in the tire-soil interaction of the four tires and applies it to small skid-steered UGV. This study also formulates an optimization problem of the minimization of the power losses in the tire-soil interactions due to the tire slippage.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Experimental Uhrig Dynamical Decoupling using Trapped Ions

We present a detailed experimental study of the Uhrig dynamical decoupling UDD sequence in a variety of noise environments. Our qubit system consists of a crystalline array of 9 Be + ions confined in a Penning trap. We use an electron-spin-flip transition as our qubit manifold and drive qubit rotations using a 124 GHz microwave system. We study the effect of the UDD sequence in mitigating phase errors and compare against the well known Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill-style multipulse spin echo as a function of pulse number, rotation axis, noise spectrum, and noise strength. Our results agree well with theoretical predictions for qubit decoherence in the presence of classical phase noise, accounting for the effect of finite-duration pulses. Finally, we demonstrate that the Uhrig sequence is more robust against systematic over- or under-rotation and detuning errors than is multipulse spin echo, despite the precise prescription for pulse timing in UDD.
Toxicity and Repellency of Tephrosia candida to Larval and Adult Diaprepes Root Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Leaves of the tropical legume Tephrosia candida DC deterred feeding by adults of the Diaprepes root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.), compared with leaves of Citrus macrophylla Wester, a common citrus rootstock, or T. vogelii Hook. f. When larvae were placed in pots containing plants of the three species for 28 d in a growth chamber, larval survival and weight gain were significantly reduced in pots containing plants of T. candida compared with larvae in pots with C. macrophylla or T. vogelii. Diet incorporation of lyophilized roots of T. candida into an artificial diet increasingly inhibited the growth of larvae and increased larval mortality with increased concentration of roots, whereas roots from C. macrophylla or T. vogelii had no effect compared with the diet-only control. T. candida, but not T. vogelii, contains at least one constituent that acts as an antifeedant toward adult D. abbreviatus and as a toxicant toward larvae. No antifeedant effect of roots of T. candida toward larvae was observed in no-choice pot tests or in a diet incorporation bioassay. In pots, larval feeding damage to roots of T. candida was evident. In the diet incorporation assay, 97% of larvae survived 29 d on a diet of cellulose powder (a nutritionally inert filler) despite losing weight. We conclude that decreased survival and weight gain of larvae-fed fresh or lyophilized roots of T. candida were the result of ingestion of a toxicant and not deterrence from feeding.
Improving Crowd Labeling through Expert Evaluation

We propose a general scheme for quality-controlled labeling of large-scale data using multiple labels from the crowd and a “few” ground truth labels from an expert of the field. Expert-labeled instances are used to assign weights to the expertise of each crowd labeler and to the difficulty of each instance. Ground truth labels for all instances are then approximated through those weights and the crowd labels. We argue that injecting a little expertise in the labeling process, will significantly improve the accuracy of the labeling task. Our empirical evaluation demonstrates that our methodology is efficient and effective as it gives better quality labels than majority voting and other state-of-the-art methods even in the presence of a large proportion of low-quality labelers in the crowd.
Molecular targeting of papillary thyroid carcinoma with fluorescently labeled ratiometric activatable cell penetrating peptides in a transgenic murine model

Author(s): Orosco, Ryan K; Savariar, Elamprakash N; Weissbrod, Philip A; Diaz-Perez, Julio A; Bouvet, Michael; Tsien, Roger Y; Nguyen, Quyen T | Abstract: Background and objectivesMolecularly targeted fluorescent molecules may help detect tumors that are unseen by traditional white-light surgical techniques. We sought to evaluate a fluorescent ratiometric activatable cell penetrating peptide (RACPP) for tumor detection in a transgenic model of PTC.MethodsThirteen BRAFV600E mice with PTC were studied-seven injected intravenously with RACPP, four controls with saline. Total thyroidectomy was performed with microscopic white-light visualization. Fluorescent imaging of post-thyroidectomy fields was performed, and tissue with increased signal was removed and evaluated for PTC. Final samples were analyzed by a pathologist blinded to conditions. Vocal cord function was evaluated postoperatively with video laryngoscopy.ResultsThe average in situ ratiometric (Cy5/Cy7) thyroid tumor-to-background contrast ratio was 2.27 +/- 0.91. Fluorescence-guided clean-up following thyroidectomy identified additional tumor in 2 of 7 RACPP animals (smallest dimension 1.2 mm), and decreased the number of animals with residual tumor from 4 to 3. All retained tumor foci on final pathology were smaller than 0.76 mm. Intact vocal abduction was present in all of the RACPP animals.ConclusionsRACPPs successfully targeted PTC in a transgenic thyroidectomy model, and allowed for residual tumor detection that reduced positive margins beyond what was possible with white-light surgery alone.
Is There a Human Right to Democracy? Beyond Interventionism and Indifference*

How can human rights be formulated so as to constitute an essential aspect of public reason in a pluralist world, in which differences of religion, culture and world-views are paramount? This article examines the answer provided to this question by Joshua Cohen in a series of recent publications. Proceeding from a Rawlsian framework, Cohen Maintains that human rights are about conditions of membership and inclusion in liberal as well as decent-hierarchical societies. He denies, however, that democratic self-government is among such conditions. There is no ‘human’ right to democracy. Through a close reading of Cohen’s argument, it is shown that his position is self-contradictory, and that furthermore, the Rawlsian framework suffers from a sociological deficit in its characterization of human societies and world-views. The methodological ‘holism’ of the Rawls-Cohen approach minimizes competing narratives and traditions within other cultures and thus hinders a complex conversation to evolve within and across cultures – a conversation that has intensified in the modern age when the demand for democratic self-government has become a world-wide claim.
The drug use patterns of Latino day laborers in Baltimore

of the vSUB. Rats with the viral-mediated knockdown of the 5HT2CR in thevSUBexhibited reduced cocaineevokedhyperactivity compared to control rats (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the basal locomotor activity between groups. Conclusions: The co-localization of 5-HT2CRand GAD 67-IR was observed in only a small number of vSUB cells and we are currently analyzing colocalization inglutamateneurons. The reduction in cocaine-evoked hyperactivity after knockdown of vSUB 5-HT2CR may reflect changes in output of the vSUB to other regions in the limbic-corticostriatal circuit known to mediate cocaineevoked hyperactivity. Financial support: P50DA033935 (KAC), K05DA022087 (KAC).
Mental health treatment for resettled refugees: A comparison of three approaches

ABSTRACTMental health concerns are a major factor in the overall wellness and stability of resettled refugees. While the need for mental health treatment for this population has been well-documented, less is known about the effectiveness of various treatment modalities on mental health outcomes. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to assess the impact of three different mental health interventions among refugees from Burundi, Burma, The Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, and Bhutan. The effects of eight weeks of randomly assigned office-based counseling (treatment as usual [TAU]), home-based counseling (HBC), and a community-based psycho-educational group (CPG) on posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression, anxiety, somatization, and social support were evaluated using a pre–post design. Results indicate merit in each of the treatment modalities, with varying efficacy across intervention according to mental health symptoms. In general, however, participants in HBC and CPG demonstrated great...
The Growth of Hemophilic Bacilli with Certain Iron Salts

It has been recognized that the socalled hemophilic bacilli, of which the Pfeiffer bacillus is a type, require the presence of two substances to permit growth in a nutrient medium. These have been designated as the X and V factors by Thjotta and Avery;1 both may be found in blood and plant tissues. In their studies on bacterial nutrition Thjotta and Avery have adequately reviewed the literature concerning earlier recognition of the role of growth accessory substances. The work of these investigators has been essentially confirmed by Rivers and Poole 2 and by Kollath,3 who also have reviewed the literature with regard to growth requirements of the Pfeiffer bacillus.