cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydration and crystallization pressure of sodium sulfate: A critical review

The two most frequently mentioned mechanisms used to explain the severe damage that occurs when a porous material, containing the anhydride phase of sodium sulfate, is exposed to either water or rising humidity are critically reviewed. Both derivations are presented along with their underlying hypotheses. Critical differences are discussed and it is concluded that crystallization pressure is the relevant mechanism. In effect however, it is shown that the expressions obtained both for crystallization pressure and hydration pressure are quite similar.
The VC-Dimension versus the Statistical Capacity of Multilayer Networks

A general relationship is developed between the VC-dimension and the statistical lower epsilon-capacity which shows that the VC-dimension can be lower bounded (in order) by the statistical lower epsilon-capacity of a network trained with random samples. This relationship explains quantitatively how generalization takes place after memorization, and relates the concept of generalization (consistency) with the capacity of the optimal classifier over a class of classifiers with the same structure and the capacity of the Bayesian classifier. Furthermore, it provides a general methodology to evaluate a lower bound for the VC-dimension of feedforward multilayer neural networks. This general methodology is applied to two types of networks which are important for hardware implementations: two layer (N - 2L - 1) networks with binary weights, integer thresholds for the hidden units and zero threshold for the output unit, and a single neuron ((N - 1) networks) with binary weigths and a zero threshold. Specifically, we obtain O(W/lnL) ≤ d2 ≤ O(W), and d1 - O(N). Here W is the total number of weights of the (N - 2L - 1) networks. d1 and d2 represent the VC-dimensions for the (N - 1) and (N - 2L - 1) networks respectively.
An Analytical Model for Link Evaluation of Wireless Sensor Networks

It is very important to design the upper protocols for wireless sensor networks by underlying link quality evaluation. Firstly, the respective characteristics of several typical transceiver chips in WSNs are analyzed and an analytical model for 2.4 GHz communication link is established based on CC2420 chip of MicaZ nodes. Secondly, a test environment is built based on the existing MicaZ nodes and the above model is validated by doing some statistical analysis for large numbers of samples. Finally, the correlative empirical values and the corresponding receiver BER formula required by the model are presented in the light of different environments and different wireless transceiver chips. The reasoning in the paper takes on universality and the conclusion drawn from the paper can be used as theoretical basis for the link simulation and can be provided with the reference value for the upper protocol analyzers and designers.
Analogical transfer in young children: Analogies as tools for communication and exposition

Children's ability to transfer what they learn in one situation to analogous problems was examined in a series of four studies. Subjects ranged in age from 3 to 10 years. The problems involved novel uses of familiar tools or simple biological themes such as mimicry as a method of defence. The data suggest that the apparent transfer reluctance shown by children in previous studies is the result of what they have been required to learn and the conditions under which they have been required to learn it. In the present studies, children as young as 3 years transferred readily if the problem domain was one they understood and engaged in, and if the traditional laboratory paradigm was modified so as to promote transfer rather than just to test for its spontaneous occurrence.
Holistic Approach to Resolving American Indian/Alaska Native Health Care Disparities

There is increasing public attention on the health care disparities that exist among minority populations. Recent focus is on the need to identify ways health disparities can be reduced. The American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations are minorities experiencing grave health care disparities. From a Native view, what adversely affects 1 part of society ultimately impacts the rest of it. It is necessary to keep the Native population as healthy as possible for the United States to maintain its health as a nation. Holistic nursing, with its core value of cultural diversity, is an ideal framework in which to foster promotion and maintenance of health for AI/AN people. The purpose of this article is to describe some of the health care disparities experienced by Native people and holistic approaches for resolution. These approaches include providing culturally appropriate health education, promoting educational opportunities in nursing for AI/AN people, and mentoring Native nursing students and new nurses.
Anatomical characteristics of roots of citrus rootstocks that vary in specific root length

Among citrus rootstocks, higher specific root length (SRL, root length/d. wt) has been linked to several specific morphological and physiological traits, including smaller average root diameter, higher root hydraulic conductivity and higher rates of root proliferation. In this study, thickness of the outer tangential exodermal (hypodermal) wall and its suberin layer, number of passage cells, presence of epidermis, and stelar anatomy were examined and related to variation in root diameter of field roots of known maximum age. We also compared root morphology and anatomy of young roots in the field with those of potted rootstock seedlings in the glasshouse. Fibrous roots were measured separately from pioneer (framework) roots. Among the fibrous roots, only the first-order (root links having a root tip) and second-order (root links bearing first-order roots) laterals were examined. Among first-order field roots, larger root diameter was caused by larger rather than more numerous cells in the cortex. Root diameter of first-order roots was positively correlated with both number of passage cells in the exodermis and thickness of the secondary walls of the exodermis in both field and potted plants. Exodermal walls were about 80% thicker in field- than pot-grown roots. In the field, in more than 50% of the first-order roots examined less than 30% of the root surface was still covered by epidermis, with few differences among rootstocks. In contrast, in roots of 19-wk-old glasshouse plants generally 70–100% of the epidermis was still intact. There was no evidence of secondary xylem development in second-order fibrous roots in the field; in seedling, pot-grown rootsystems, 75–97% of second-order roots had formed secondary xylem despite their small diameter (<0.8 mm). It is argued that there can be suites of physiological, morphological and anatomical traits in roots that co-vary with specific root length. Investigations of how root morphology and anatomy are linked to root function, moreover, need to recognize trait variability and the potentially important differences between field- and pot- grown (seedling) roots.
Risk Factors for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Outcomes in Different Arterial Territories

Background: The major cardiovascular risk factors adversely affect all vascular territories, increasing the vulnerability to multiple clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis.Patients: The population at risk was the Framingham cohort of 5209 men and women assessed bienially for the development of overt events of coronary heart disease (CHD), congestive heart failure, intermittent claudication, and atheroembolic brain infarction.Results: In persons younger than 65 years, all the major risk factors were found to impact significantly on the incidence of coronary heart disease and intermittent claudication. For stroke and cardiac failure, all but the serum cholesterol level were important. In those older than 65 years, serum total cholesterol levels and smoking no longer influenced the incidence of coronary heart disease. The ratio of total- to high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, however, was related to all cardiovascular outcomes except stroke at all ages. The impact of cigarette smoking on stroke...
Modulatory multiplicity in the feeding mechanism in cichlid fishes, as exemplified by the invertebrate pickers of Lake Tanganyika

Electromyography, motion analysis, osteology, myology and feeding behaviour of a morphologically specialized monophyletic lineage of cichlids in Lake Tanganyika have revealed that Eretmodus, Spathodus and Tanganicodus possess a feeding apparatus with a more extensive functional repertoire than that of any other teleost studied to date. When collecting a wide range of foods by inertial suction this trophic group can employ two strategies, a preprogrammed cyclical, energy saving pattern, or a modulated mode effected by extensive overlap of the firing patterns of multiple muscles resulting in a precise control of the magnitude and direction of suction. When dislodging sessile prey from the substrate the complexity of electromyographic and kinematic patterns increases. Because upper jaw protrusion can be effected and controlled independently from the complex couplings causing mouth opening and movements of the suspensory apparatus, a new decoupled model of upper jaw protrusion is proposed. The decoupled model predicts that upper jaw protrusion can be effected directly by contraction of epaxial muscles that raise the neurocranium, causing the premaxillae to slide anteroventrally. Upper jaw protrusion can be modulated continuously and directly by balanced cocontractions of antagonistic muscle sets giving the decoupled model an improved function over a very extensive range. The morphologically symmetrical muscular apparatus can function asymmetrically. Very pronounced asymmetrical firings of multiple muscles produce a continuously modulated jaw mechanism with an extensive repertoire.
Three dimensional model for surgical planning in resection of thoracic tumors

Introduction The computed tomography scan provides vital information about the relationship of thoracic malignancies to the surrounding structures and aids in surgical planning. However, it can be difficult to visualize the images in a two-dimensional screen to interpret the full extent of the relationship between important structures in the surgical field.
PCM Data Transmission System Using Split Phase Code

The LAMPF control system specifies transmission of both data and timing signals between the control room and the local control points throughout the machine for data collection and equipment control information. A balanced system is used to reduce noise pickup. The transmitter receives a timing pulse train and the digital data in a "non return to zero" (NRZ) format. The two signals are combined to form a split phase code and transformer coupled to the transmission line. The receiver uses a minimum energy content circuit (integrator) preceding the decoder to reduce noise sensitivity. The number of timing pulses in the incoming pulse train is known as is the time duration of the transmission. This information is used to further reduce the probability of error.
Incidence of Progression or Rebleeding in Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage

The incidence of progression or rebleeding in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) has not been clearly established. We review 56 cases of HICH involving the basal ganglia or thalamus and found four cases (one thalamic, three basal ganglia) in which progression or rebleeding occurred. These cases represent 7% (4/56) of the total number of cases and 13.8% (4/29) of the cases in which serial computer tomography (CT) was performed. In two cases, progression or rebleeding occurred during the first 24 h after onset of symptoms, whereas in the other two cases rebleeding appeared to be delayed (CT changes noted 5 and 6 days later). This study suggests that the incidence of progression or rebleeding in HICH occurs more commonly than had been believed and that rebleeding may occur early or late
A computational model of the cochlea used with cochlear prosthesis patients

This paper describes a computational model of the cochlea with the appropriate interface for a cochlear prosthesis. This interface consists of two parts. First neural activity is mapped to electrical current density at the neurons. Then the optimal stimulation pattern is derived through a least squares fit, given the current spread function between the electrodes and the nerve endings. Practical limitations which limit the usage of this scheme, as well as the first tests performed with our patients, are described.
The Akt–GSK-3 signaling cascade in the actions of dopamine

Drugs that act on dopamine neurotransmission are important tools for the management of multiple neuropsychiatric disorders. Classically, dopamine receptors have been shown to regulate cAMP–PKA (protein kinase A) and Ca2+ pathways through G-protein-mediated signaling. However, it has become apparent that, in addition to this canonical action, D2-class dopamine receptors can function through a protein kinase B (Akt)–GSK-3 (glycogen synthase kinase 3) signaling cascade. This novel signaling mode involves the multifunctional scaffolding protein β-arrestin 2, which has a role in G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) desensitization. In this article, we provide an overview of how this dual function of components of the GPCR desensitization machinery relates to dopamine-receptor-mediated responses and we summarize recent insights into the relevance of the Akt–GSK-3 signaling cascade for the expression of dopamine-associated behaviors and the actions of dopaminergic drugs.
Decentralized Indirect Methods for Learning Automata Games

We discuss the application of indirect learning methods in zero-sum and identical payoff learning automata games. We propose a novel decentralized version of the well-known pursuit learning algorithm. Such a decentralized algorithm has significant computational advantages over its centralized counterpart. The theoretical study of such a decentralized algorithm requires the analysis to be carried out in a nonstationary environment. We use a novel bootstrapping argument to prove the convergence of the algorithm. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such analysis has been carried out for zero-sum and identical payoff games. Extensive simulation studies are reported, which demonstrate the proposed algorithm's fast and accurate convergence in a variety of game scenarios. We also introduce the framework of partial communication in the context of identical payoff games of learning automata. In such games, the automata may not communicate with each other or may communicate selectively. This comprehensive framework has the capability to model both centralized and decentralized games discussed in this paper.
Influence of epitaxial structure in the noise figure of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

The effect of noise figure of different AlGaN/GaN high electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) epitaxy structures is reported. The addition of a thin AlN layer between the barrier and channel gives better performance at biasings other than the best for minimum noise figure. However, varying Al composition in the HEMT barrier does not change the noise performance, contrary to a 2003 study by Lu et al. The measurements are checked with both the Pospieszalski and van der Ziel (Pucel) models. The models are used on six different samples, helping to reinforce the measurements and showing the strengths and weaknesses of each
Community Transition Teams as the Foundation for Transition Services for Youth with Learning Disabilities

This article synthesizes descriptions of and recommendations for community transition teams found in research articles, model project reports, and state department documents. The levels, composition, and functions of transition teams are described. Community-level transition teams are shown to be critical support vehicles for helping communities improve their transition programs for youth and adults with learning or other disabilities. Highlights of the changes generated by community teams illustrate their potential impact; the experiences of team members illustrate the challenges to which future efforts need to respond.
Varieties of Corporate Social Responsibility

This chapter distinguishes among several versions of capitalism that have very different views of corporate social responsibility (CSR): the maximization of $ value shareholder, the balance the interests of stakeholders view, and the sustainability model that is the official position of the European Union (EU). The Chapter then considers CSR in Japan, and in countries like India and China that have a system of “state capitalism.” I argue that the view of corporate social responsibility (CSR) held by the EU sustainability model of corporate social responsibility is morally superior. I also contend that the American finance based model of philanthropic CSR is not economically adequate in the new international economic order.
Calcium regulates estrogen increase in permeability of cultured CaSki epithelium by eNOS-dependent mechanism.

Estrogen increases baseline transepithelial permeability across CaSki cultures and augments the increase in permeability in response to hypertonic gradients. In estrogen-treated cells, lowering cyt...
Thermodynamic Derivation of the Activation Energy for Ice Nucleation

Abstract. Cirrus clouds play a key role in the radiative and hydrological balance of the upper troposphere. Their correct representation in atmospheric models requires an understanding of the microscopic processes leading to ice nucleation. A key parameter in the theoretical description of ice nucleation is the activation energy, which controls the flux of water molecules from the bulk of the liquid to the solid during the early stages of ice formation. In most studies it is estimated by direct association with the bulk properties of water, typically viscosity and self-diffusivity. As the environment in the ice–liquid interface may differ from that of the bulk, this approach may introduce bias in calculated nucleation rates. In this work a theoretical model is proposed to describe the transfer of water molecules across the ice–liquid interface. Within this framework the activation energy naturally emerges from the combination of the energy required to break hydrogen bonds in the liquid, i.e., the bulk diffusion process, and the work dissipated from the molecular rearrangement of water molecules within the ice–liquid interface. The new expression is introduced into a generalized form of classical nucleation theory. Even though no nucleation rate measurements are used to fit any of the parameters of the theory the predicted nucleation rate is in good agreement with experimental results, even at temperature as low as 190 K, where it tends to be underestimated by most models. It is shown that the activation energy has a strong dependency on temperature and a weak dependency on water activity. Such dependencies are masked by thermodynamic effects at temperatures typical of homogeneous freezing of cloud droplets; however, they may affect the formation of ice in haze aerosol particles. The new model provides an independent estimation of the activation energy and the homogeneous ice nucleation rate, and it may help to improve the interpretation of experimental results and the development of parameterizations for cloud formation.
The Roles of Optics in Information Processing

Optics has many potential roles it could play in information processing. History, prospects and technology for interconnects and other applications are summarized, including key requirements for potentially viable technological approaches.
Simplified Semantic Enhancement of JCR-based Content Applications

Traditional content management systems (CMS) usually do not understand the meaning of the content that they manage. Enabling that understanding through semantic tools could allow CMS developers and users to work more efficiently. However, this often requires a whole new set of tools and skills.
Public Housing and the Legacy of Segregation

For the past two decades the United States has been transforming distressed public housing communities, with three ambitious goals: replace distressed developments with healthy mixed-income communities; help residents relocate to affordable housing, often in the private market; and empower former public housing families toward economic self-sufficiency. The transformation has focused on deconcentrating poverty, but not on the underlying role of racial segregation in creating these distressed communities. In Public Housing and the Legacy of Segregation, scholars and public housing officials assess whether?and how?public housing policies can simultaneously address the problems of poverty and race.
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate for Non-Bleeding Urgent Warfarin Reversal in Ventricular Assist Device Patients Undergoing Heart Transplantation

Due to unpredictable donor heart availability, bridge-to-transplant ventricular assist device (BTTVAD) patients are likely therapeutically anticoagulated on warfarin and require non-bleeding urgent anticoagulation reversal before heart transplantation. We describe 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) use for this indication. This single center, retrospective chart review included BTTVAD patients who received a heart transplant at Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) from December 2013 to November 2014. Patients who did not receive 4F-PCC were excluded. Twelve BTTVAD patients (mean age 54 years, 58 % male, INR of 2.7 ± 0.8) were admitted for urgent heart transplantation. To reverse the INR prior to surgery, patients received a combination of interruption of warfarin and administration of vitamin K, 4F-PCC, and fresh frozen plasma (FFP). All patients received vitamin K at varied routes and doses along with 3 ± 2 units of FFP. Patients received 4F-PCC 25–50 units/kg IV before surgery, and most INR values were less than 2.0 within 1 h of surgical incision. Anticoagulation was effectively reversed with an INR of 1.4 ± 0.1 at completion of surgery. Zero patients required reoperation for bleeding, and there was one death within 30 days. Our results suggest that 4F-PCC 25–50 units/kg IV with vitamin K will achieve rapid, complete, and sustained anticoagulation reversal for BTTVAD patients requiring non-bleeding urgent warfarin reversal for heart transplant.
Psychosocial Health of Older Adults with Cancer: Clinical Interventions Promoting Meaning and Value-Driven Behavior

The last decade has evidenced a strong push by the interdisciplinary medical community to improve mental health service delivery with older adults. As this momentum grows, additional questions are raised regarding the utility of psychosocial interventions specifically aimed for chronically and terminally ill geriatric populations. Cancer diagnosis among those aged 65 and older is pervasive. Further understanding about the psychological, spiritual and existential issues older adults face when living with cancer is needed. Interventions that promote psychological growth and quality of life are also warranted. The following review article highlights clinical interventions designed to improve the psychosocial health of older adults with cancer. A focus is offered on interventions specifically designed for oncogeriatric populations, while also noting novel and viable treatments that promote meaning, acceptance, and values. Additionally, how these interventions have reached with caregivers and families is also addressed.
Analysing Institutional Change: Integrating Endogenous and Exogenous Views

Consensus seems to have emerged among economists, as well as among other social scientists, that ‘institutions matter’ for understanding differences in economic performance among different economies over time and space. But, if institutions are nothing more than codified laws, fiats, organizations and other such deliberate human devices, why cannot badly performing economies design (emulate) ‘good’ institutions and implement them? This question would naturally lead to more fundamental questions: how do institutions change? Or, why do they not change in the ways people would like? An answer depends on the still more fundamental, ontological question of what institutions are. These are thorny questions to economists, who have developed a solid frame of analysis based on the equilibrium principle. Indeed, there does not yet seem to be a clear consensus of what institutions are. Are they exogenous constraints for economic equilibrium or endogenous equilibrium outcomes? If the difference is nothing more than semantic, there would be not much sense in wrangling about the ontological question of defining institutions. However, if it has a bearing on understanding how institutions can or cannot be changed, say, by fiat, then it certainly deserves attention.
Channeling the Body’s Wisdom

This article describes the author’s experience with dance as a sensory experience. The author discusses dance as an experience, an art form, and a way of investigating the author’s connection with the past and her ancestors.
Living Anionic Copolymerization of 1-(Alkylsulfonyl)aziridines to Form Poly(sulfonylaziridine) and Linear Poly(ethylenimine)

The anionic ring-opening copolymerization of 1-(methylsulfonyl)aziridine (MsAz) and 1-(sec-butylsulfonyl)aziridine (sBsAz) produces a soluble random copolymer P(MsAz-r-sBsAz), which can subsequently be converted to linear poly(ethylenimine) (lPEI). The copolymerization of MsAz and sBsAz is living and allows for the synthesis of copolymers with low molecular weight distributions. Sequential anionic polymerization of MsAz and sBsAz with 2-methyl-1-(methylsulfonyl)aziridine (MsMAz) creates P(MsAz-r-sBsAz)-b-P(MeMsAz). Removal of the sulfonyl groups from P(MsAz-r-sBsAz)-b-P(MsMAz) gives lPEI-b-poly(propylenimine). For the first time, lPEI can be synthesized by a controlled anionic polymerization.
Releasing Private Contingency Tables

Statistical agencies routinely publish aggregate data in the form of contingency tables. In this paper, we consider the problem of releasing private contingency tables so that the privacy of individual respondents in the table is preserved. We first uncover funda- mental problems with existing cell suppression algorithms that are used for this purpose. We then present a rigorous definition of privacy and a generic algorithmic framework for cell suppression given this definition. Using this framework we build a complete cell suppression solution for the special case of boolean private attributes. We study both theoretically and experimentally the utility of our approach. Along the way, we demonstrate a connection to the query auditing problem in statistical databases and make a foundational contribution to this problem as well. In particular, we analyze an unexamined assumption from the literature regarding the prior knowledge of attackers.
Using Peer Navigators to Address the Integrated Health Care Needs of Homeless African Americans With Serious Mental Illness.

Objective:The study examined the impact of a peer navigator program (PNP) developed by a community-based participatory research team and used with a group of African Americans with serious mental illness who were homeless.Methods:Sixty-seven research participants were randomly assigned to receive PNP or treatment as usual (control) for one year. Data on general health and mental health, recovery, and quality of life were collected at baseline and at four, eight, and 12 months.Results:Findings from group × trial analyses of variance of omnibus measures of the four constructs showed significant impact over the year for participants in PNP compared with those in the control group, with analyses showing small to moderate effect sizes: general health status (η2=.24), psychological experience of physical health (η2=.42), recovery (η2=.36), and quality of life (η2=.14). These differences emerged even though both groups showed significant reductions in homelessness and increases in insurance coverage.Conclusions:...
Automating structured matrix-matrix multiplication for stream processing

Structured matrices in which at least one element is known to always be zero commonly appear in a variety of applications, including Markov processes, MIMO communications, and eigenvalue decomposition. Since matrices with known zeros require fewer computations, generating hardware to take advantage of this allows increased throughput. The approach in this paper can generate hardware for anything ranging from very sparse to completely full matrices. When dense (all elements non-zero) matrix multiplication hardware is generated, throughput is comparable to commercially available generators. As sparsity increases, throughput improves proportionally. This method also achieves a shorter processing delay compared with other techniques for sparse matrices.
Coarctation of the Aorta

Describe the location and degree of the stenotic region (often focal)/length of coarctation segment.
Selection of a Representative Subset of Global Climate Models that Captures the Profile of Regional Changes for Integrated Climate Impacts Assessment

We present the Representative Temperature and Precipitation (T&P) GCM Subsetting Approach developed within the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) to select a practical subset of global climate models (GCMs) for regional integrated assessment of climate impacts when resource limitations do not permit the full ensemble of GCMs to be evaluated given the need to also focus on impacts sector and economics models. Subsetting inherently leads to a loss of information but can free up resources to explore important uncertainties in the integrated assessment that would otherwise be prohibitive. The Representative T&P GCM Subsetting Approach identifies five individual GCMs that capture a profile of the full ensemble of temperature and precipitation change within the growing season while maintaining information about the probability that basic classes of climate changes (relatively cool/wet, cool/dry, middle, hot/wet, and hot/dry) are projected in the full GCM ensemble. We demonstrate the selection methodology for maize impacts in Ames, Iowa, and discuss limitations and situations when additional information may be required to select representative GCMs. We then classify 29 GCMs over all land areas to identify regions and seasons with characteristic diagonal skewness related to surface moisture as well as extreme skewness connected to snow-albedo feedbacks and GCM uncertainty. Finally, we employ this basic approach to recognize that GCM projections demonstrate coherence across space, time, and greenhouse gas concentration pathway. The Representative T&P GCM Subsetting Approach provides a quantitative basis for the determination of useful GCM subsets, provides a practical and coherent approach where previous assessments selected solely on availability of scenarios, and may be extended for application to a range of scales and sectoral impacts.
The artery of Wollschlaeger and Wollschlaeger: an anatomical-clinical illustration

The artery of Wollschlaeger and Wollschlaeger is an underreported yet important branch of the superior cerebellar artery. This artery feeds the adjacent tentorium and becomes enlarged and elongated in cases of vascular tumours and malformations of the tentorium. The present report is the first anatomical depiction of this artery in the literature.
E-government, corruption reduction and culture: a study based on panel data of 57 countries

In e-government literature, there have been very few studies that constructed longitudinal data and empirically assessed the association of e-government development and corruption in different cultural context. This paper constructs a highly-balanced panel dataset of 57 countries from 2003 to 2014. We found that, although the level of corruption and e-government are negatively correlated, this association is a result of past time-invariant factors in different countries. The change of e-government development level seems to not affect the change ofcorruption levelin 57 countries in the past ten years. On the other hand, the magnitude of the way that e-government affect corruption does vary according to different cultural contexts. E-government development affects corruption more effectively in countries with a culture that have low uncertainty avoidance level and low power distance level. We also find that GDP per capita is a consistent estimator of corruption and e-government development, which implies that economic development is essential to cure corruption and provide funding for e-government development.
Coagulopathy in the Setting of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Truths and Consequences

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common, although poorly-defined clinical entity. Despite its initially mild presentation, patients with mTBI can rapidly deteriorate, often due to significant expansion of intracranial hemorrhage. TBI-associated coagulopathy is the topic of significant clinical and basic science research. Unlike trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC), TBI-associated coagulopathy does not generally follow widespread injury or global hypoperfusion, suggesting a distinct pathogenesis. Although the fundamental mechanisms of TBI-associated coagulopathy are far from clearly elucidated, several candidate molecules (tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), tissue factor (TF), and brain-derived microparticles (BDMP)) have been proposed which might explain how even minor brain injury can induce local and systemic coagulopathy. Here, we review the incidence, proposed mechanisms, and common clinical tests relevant to mTBI-associated coagulopathy and briefly summarize our own institutional experience in addition to identifying areas for further research.
Outcomes of a Culturally Tailored Partially Randomized Patient Preference Controlled Trial to Increase Physical Activity Among Low-Income Immigrant Latinas

Introduction: Almost half (47.8%) of adult Latinas report they never engage in any leisure time physical activity (PA) which is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular dise...
Culturally Relevant Dialogic Reading Curriculum for Counselors: Supporting Literacy and Social-Emotional Development

Social-emotional learning (SEL) and literacy skills are key components of child development. School counselors are charged with supporting children’s holistic development to prepare them for adulth...
Ziksa: On-chip learning accelerator with memristor crossbars for multilevel neural networks

Memristor crossbars support efficient realizations of spiking and non-spiking neural networks designs. In most of these designs off-chip/ex-situ training is used to set/update the state of the memrisitve devices. However, there is a growing need to design an efficient on-chip/in-situ learning for mobile autonomous systems. In this research, we propose an on-chip learning accelerator, known as Ziksa, that is integrated with the memristor crossbars. We demonstrate how regression and back-propagation in multi-level networks can be realized through Ziksa. The proposed accelerator is evaluated on a fabricated TiN-TaOx-TaTiN memristor crossbar. A 3-layer feedforward network was tested using Ziksa for classification. An accuracy of 95.3% was achieved on Wisconsin breast cancer dataset. The proposed learning accelerator can be envisioned as a core building block in a wide-range of cognitive algorithms that rely on on-chip online learning.
Impact of weekend admission on in-hospital mortality among U.S. adults, 2003-2013.

Abstract Purpose Over the past decade, the media, politicians, practitioners, and researchers paid increasing attention to the risks involved in hospital admission at weekends. This study examined the impact of weekend admission on in-hospital mortality among U.S. adults and by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and disease category and tracked changes from 2003 to 2013. Methods Over 50 million hospital discharge data came from 2003 to 2013 National Inpatient Sample. Cox regressions were performed to estimate the hazard ratios of in-hospital mortality associated with weekend admission, adjusting for individual and hospital characteristics and National Inpatient Sample sampling design. Results Compared to weekday admissions, weekend admissions were associated with increased in-hospital morality risk by 5% among all inpatients. Young adults (2.7%) had lower incremental mortality risk than middle aged (5.3%) and older adults (5.2%). Among the 10 leading causes of death, patients hospitalized at weekends due to malignant neoplasms (12.1%), diabetes mellitus (11.7%), and heart diseases (8.2%) had the highest incremental mortality risk. The estimated weekend effects tended to be more prominent among inpatients with higher assessed mortality risk. Incremental morality attributable to weekend hospitalization decreased from 6.9% in 2003 to 2.5% in 2013. Conclusions Weekend admissions were associated higher in-hospital mortality, but the impact declined during 2003–2013.
Contributions of Botanists of Natural History Museum (Tribhuvan University) to Research and Education in Nepal

This paper deals with the contribution of botanists of Natural History Museum,Tribhuvan University, Nepal in the field of plant research and education. Of the 14 listed, only two botanists are continuing their service in the museum. Their research works mainly focused on collection and exploration of flora, supervision of dissertation including publication of 171 articles in different journals of national and international repute. Apart from this, their contributions in education/training by organizing seminars/trainings/workshops are highly significant.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 29, 2015, Page: 122-147
A multi-linear polarization reconfigurable plus shaped dipole antenna for wireless energy harvesting applications

A multi-linear polarization reconfigurable antenna consisting of a pair of printed dipole antennas with a plus shaped geometry is presented. The proposed design is based on the use of shorting pins and a coaxial feed network to obtain polarization reconfigurability. Specifically, two different polarization states have been obtained at 0° and 90°. Simulation results demonstrate a peak gain of 1.9 dBi at the center frequency. The proposed antenna is designed for 2.45 GHz and finds application in a variety of wireless energy harvesting and power transfer systems.
An efficient heuristic for robot acquisition and cell formation

In this paper, a mathematical model and a solution algorithm are developed for solving a robot acquisition and cell formation problem (RACFP). Our model considers purchasing a proper mix of robots and assigning all given workstations to purchased robots such that each robot cell satisfies its workstations' resource demands while minimizing the total system (acquisition) cost. Specifically, each robot has two capacity constraints - available work envelope and effective machine time. RACFP is formulated as a multi-type two-dimensional bin packing problem, a pure 0-1 integer program which is known to be NP-hard. In this paper, a very efficient (polynomial time bound) heuristic algorithm is developed and implemented. The algorithm consists of two major stages. The first stage employs an LP-based bounding procedure to produce a tight solution bound, whereas the second stage repetitively invokes a random search heuristic using a greedy evaluation function. The algorithm is tested by solving 450 randomly generated problems based on realistic parameter values. Computational results show that the heuristic algorithm has outperformed algorithms using general optimization techniques such as Simulated Annealing and Column Generation. All test problems are solved within an order of magnitude of 10 seconds, with a gap of less than 1% from the optimum. More importantly, over 70% of all solutions are optimal (334 out of 450). The algorithm can be easily modified for other applications such as file placement for a multi-device storage system and job scheduling for a multi-processing system.
Low Density Lipoprotein Subclass Phenotypes

The important role of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol as a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) is now well established1–3. It has been recognized for a number of years, however, that LDL particles are heterogeneous in size, density and composition. Multiple subclasses of LDL particles have been characterized in several populations using a variety of analytical techniques4–9.
Porewater oxidation, dissolved phosphate and the iron curtain: iron-phosphorus relations in tidal freshwater marshes

The process of dissolved phosphate removal from aqueous solution, which occurs during oxidation of soluble ferrous compounds to insoluble ferric forms, was examined in soils of two tidal freshwater marshes. Sites of amorphous iron deposition and sorption or co-precipitation of phosphate were found to be in surface soils and along creekbanks, where both ion diffusion and porewater advection move dissolved iron and phosphate from reduced to oxidized regions. Profiles of extractable iron and total phosphorus from creekbank and interior soils were consistent with hypothesized differences between a high and a low marsh. Porewater concentrations of dissolved phosphate were higher in creekbank soils of the high marsh, compared with water actually discharging from the creekbank during tidal exposure. We propose that an iron curtain of ferric hydroxides functions as a barrier to diffusive and advective movement of dissolved phosphate along surfaces of tidal freshwater marshes, and has important implications for the distribution and availability of phosphorus in other types of wetlands and aqueous systems.
Uniqueness of Gibbsian Surface Excess

The Gibbsian surface excess (GSE) can unequivocally measure the extent of adsorption of a gas on a solid adsorbent. A differential iso-excess heat of adsorption based on the GSE thermodynamic framework provides a physically and thermodynamically consistent description of the adsorbent heterogeneity or homogeneity. The actual amount adsorbed (AAA) cannot be experimentally measured. It must be estimated from the experimental GSE by making extraordinary assumptions regarding the nature of the adsorbed phase. Thus, the AAA is a model dependent variable. A differential iso-steric heat of adsorption based on the AAA thermodynamic framework can be misleading and artificial. The NET amount adsorbed (NAA) is an experimental variable. It is also directly related to GSE. Thus, it provides no further insight into the adsorption system vis a vis the GSE. A differential iso-NET heat of adsorption based on the NAA thermodynamic framework can be misleading and fictitious.
Integrating Behavior and Physiology Into Strategies for Amphibian Conservation

The amphibian decline crisis has been challenging to address because of the complexity of factors—and their multitude of interactive effects—that drive this global issue. Dissecting such complexity could benefit from strategies that integrate multiple disciplines and address the mechanistic underpinnings of population declines and extirpations. We examine how the disciplines of behavior and physiology could be used to develop conservation strategies for amphibians and identify eight research gaps that provide future directions for the emerging fields of conservation behavior and conservation physiology. We present two case studies on imperiled salamanders that show how studies of behavior and physiology may support amphibian conservation efforts. We found several applications of stress physiology to amphibian conservation, but long-term studies are needed to understand how stress ultimately affects individual fitness and population resilience. Additionally, multiple measures of physiological health are needed to provide a more holistic assessment of an individual’s overall condition. Previous behavioral and physiological studies have been instrumental for understanding how amphibians respond to habitat modification, pathogens and parasites, contaminants, and invasive species. Some behavior-based approaches to mitigating invasive species issues have been successful in short-term studies with individual species. However, widespread application of these tactics has not yet been integrated into conservation and management strategies for ecologically-similar species. A diversity of modeling approaches has enhanced understanding of how climate change may impact amphibian populations, but model predictions need empirical tests to provide conservation managers with workable approaches to multiple perturbations associated with global environmental change. We illustrate that behavior and physiology can have broad utility for amphibian conservation, but evidence is scant that such studies have actually been used to inform strategies for amphibian conservation and management.
Does distress screening lead to mental health care in older adult surgical patients

11543Background: Surgery is a notable stressor for older adults with cancer who are often medically complex and frail. The American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer requires distress screen...
The Effect of Patient Weight on Trampoline Injury Patterns

The Effect of Patient Weight on Trampoline Injury Patterns Background: Pediatric trampoline injuries are common and increasing in frequency. The rate of obesity in children is also increasing. Given the mechanics involved in these injuries, a patient’s weight may have an impact on the type and severity of the injury sustained. Objective: To determine if overweight or obese patients have a higher rate of fracture, need for sedation, admission to the hospital, or difference in extremity fractured in trampoline …
Long-Term Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction With Concomitant Cardiogenic Shock and Cardiac Arrest.

This study sought to evaluate long-term mortality and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in patients with cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiogenic shock (CS) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This was a retrospective cohort study using an administrative claims database. AMI patients from January 1, 2010 to May 31, 2018 were stratified into CA + CS, CA only, CS only, and AMI alone cohorts. Outcomes of interest were long-term mortality and MACCE (death, AMI, cerebrovascular accident, unplanned revascularization) in AMI survivors. A total 163,071 AMI patients were included with CA + CS, CA only, and CS only in 2.4%, 5.0%, and 4.0%, respectively. The CA + CS cohort had higher rates of multiorgan failure, mechanical circulatory support use and less frequent coronary angiography use. In-hospital mortality was noted in 10,686 (6.6%) patients – CA + CS (48.8%), CA only (35.9%), CS only (24.1%), and AMI alone (2.9%; p
Supportive and palliative care services are beneficial for people affected by dementia

Commentary on : Ding J, Cook A, Qin X, et al . Palliative care needs and utilisation of specialist services for people imminently dying with dementia: a national population-based study. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2020:103655. Over 20 million patients with dementia require palliative care every year.1 Palliative care addresses the holistic needs of patients with dementia, which may include unmet needs, practical aspects of care, social and psychological issues to ensure quality of life.1 It helps patients and families find their voices and express their healthcare needs by providing comfort care, symptom management …
Avoiding the Avoidable: Why State Laws Need to Protect Kids from Airbags

Impact with a front passenger airbag engineered to stop a large statured, adult male from hitting the windshield risks devastating if not fatal harm for a child. "Avoiding the Avoidable: Why State Laws Need to Protect Kids from Airbags" proposes a simple solution: absent extenuating circumstances, require rear seating for child passengers. This article describes the mechanism of injury, examines the inadequacies and inconsistencies of current national and state efforts to reduce pediatric airbag risk, and proposes comprehensive "model" legislation to avoid this completely avoidable yet often fatal harm.