cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is the Size of the Genital Eminence of the Day-Old Cockerel Related to Body Weight?

Abstract The Japanese method of sexing day-old chicks is based on the interpretation of the size, shape, color, texture and position of a very small genital eminence located in the ventral rim of the cloaca. Several attempts have been made to correlate the size, shape or texture of this eminence to various economic factors. Hammond and Burrows (1937) were unable to demonstrate a relationship between the size of the genital eminence of female chicks and the age of sexual maturity, rate of lay, fertility of eggs or adult mortality. Similarly, Phillips and Williams (1944) were unsuccessful in demonstrating that the size, shape or texture of the genital papillae was related to the age at sexual maturity. In general all such studies have met with little success. Recently in this department, an attempt was made to correlate the size of the genital eminence or papilla of the day-old cockerel to mature body . . .
Biosynthesis of C14-labeled protein and amino acids with Rhodospirillum rubrum☆

Abstract Conditions are described for the culture of Rhodospirillum rubrum in media containing labeled carbon dioxide and unlabeled alcohol as sole carbon sources such that protein and amino acids of high specific activity are produced. As much as 40% of the radioactive carbon employed is found in the acid hydrolyzate of the trichloroacetic acid- and alcohol-washed bacteria. Of this amount most is in the form of labeled amino acids, particularly in the dicarboxylic acids, glycine, alanine, and in a mixture of phenylalanine and arginine.
Providing High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care: A Critical Seventh General Competency for Physicians

At present, the 6 general competencies that the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the American Board of Medical Specialties use to drive residency training do not include res...
Innate host defense requires TFEB-mediated transcription of cytoprotective and antimicrobial genes.

Animal host defense against infection requires the expression of defense genes at the right place and the right time. Understanding such tight control of host defense requires the elucidation of the transcription factors involved. By using an unbiased approach in the model Caenorhabditis elegans, we discovered that HLH-30 (known as TFEB in mammals) is a key transcription factor for host defense. HLH-30 was activated shortly after Staphylococcus aureus infection, and drove the expression of close to 80% of the host response, including antimicrobial and autophagy genes that were essential for host tolerance of infection. TFEB was also rapidly activated in murine macrophages upon S. aureus infection and was required for proper transcriptional induction of several proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Thus, our data suggest that TFEB is a previously unappreciated, evolutionarily ancient transcription factor in the host response to infection.
An analytical assessment on the impact of covers on the onset of air convection in mine wastes

If a mine waste pile is left open, an active chemical reaction of oxidation is often found due to the commonly high content of pyritic materials. The oxidation of pyrites is an exothermic process and the released heat will promote the flow of fresh oxygen from the surrounding atmosphere into the waste dump. As a result, oxidation reaction will accelerate and temperature within the dump can increase to as high as 60°C above the ambient temperature. The oxidation process also releases sulphuric acid and hydrogen ions into ground water to cause water contamination. Low-permeability covers such as clay liners have been recently proposed to abate the oxidation process in mine wastes. The effectiveness of using low-permeability materials to cover mine wastes in order to suppress the pyrite oxidation is examined. By conducting the theoretical analysis of the onset of convective air flow within waste rocks, the conditions under which soil gas flow is significant are identified. By comparing the results with previous field measurements and theoretical analysis for the uncovered conditions, it is shown that low-permeability covers can effectively suppress soil gas flow and slow down the pyrite oxidation process in mine wastes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strain activation of bovine aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation and alignment: study of strain dependency and the role of protein kinase A and C signaling pathways

Smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype can be altered by physical forces as demonstrated by cyclic strain-induced changes in proliferation, orientation, and secretion of macromolecules. However, the magnitude of strain required and the intracellular coupling pathways remain ill defined. To examine the strain requirements for SMC proliferation, we selectively seeded bovine aortic SMC either on the center or periphery of silastic membranes which were deformed with 150 mm Hg vacuum (0-7% center; 7-24% periphery). SMC located in either the center or peripheral regions showed enhanced proliferation compared to cells grown under the absence of cyclic strain. Moreover, SMC located in the center region demonstrated significantly (P < 0.005) greater proliferation as compared to those in the periphery. In contrast, SMC exposed to high strain (7-24%) demonstrated alignment perpendicular to the strain gradient, whereas SMC in the center (0-7%) remained aligned randomly. To determine the mechanisms of these phenomena, we examined the effect of cyclic strain on bovine aortic SMC signaling pathways. We observed strain-induced stimulation of the cyclic AMP pathway including adenylate cyclase activity and cyclic AMP accumulation. In addition, exposure of SMC to cyclic strain caused a significant increase in protein kinase C (PKC) activity and enzyme translocation from the cytosol to a particulate fraction. Further study was conducted to examine the effect of strain magnitude on signaling, particularly protein kinase A (PKA) activity as well as cAMP response element (CRE) binding protein levels. We observed significantly (P < 0.05) greater PKA activity and CRE binding protein levels in SMC located in the center as compared to the peripheral region. However, inhibition of PKA (with 10 microM Rp-cAMP) or PKC (with 5-20 ng/ml staurosporine) failed to alter either the strain-induced increase in SMC proliferation or alignment. These data characterize the strain determinants for activation of SMC proliferation and alignment. Although strain activated both the AC/cAMP/PKA and the PKC pathways in SMC, singular inhibition of PKA and PKC failed to prevent strain-induced alignment and proliferation, suggesting either their lack of involvement or the multifactorial nature of these responses.
The structure of the M2 channel-lining segment from the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

The structures of functional peptides corresponding to the predicted channel-lining M2 segment of the nicotinic acetylcholine (AChR) were determined using solution NMR experiments on micelle samples, and solid-state NMR experiments on bilayer samples. The AChR M2 peptide forms a straight transmembrane α-helix, with no kinks. M2 inserts in the lipid bilayer at an angle of 12° relative to the bilayer normal, with a rotation about the helix long axis such that the polar residues face the N-terminus of the peptide, which is assigned to be intracellular. A molecular model of the AChR channel pore, constructed from the solid-state NMR 3-D structure of the AChR M2 helix in the membrane assuming a pentameric organization, results in a funnel-like architecture for the channel with the wide opening on the N-terminal intracellular side. A central narrow pore has a diameter ranging from about 3.0 A at its narrowest, to 8.6 A at its widest. Nonpolar residues are predominantly on the exterior of the bundle, while polar residues line the pore. This arrangement is in fair agreement with evidence collected from permeation, mutagenesis, affinity labeling and cysteine accessibility measurements. A pentameric M2 helical bundle may, therefore, represent the structural blueprint for the inner bundle that lines the channel of the nicotinic AChR.
Whale strandings: hypothesis.

Abstract The hypothesis is presented that whales become stranded inadvertently as a consequence of seeking stimulation. The animals enter shallow water in order to roll over, bask, and rub themselves in the sand, and are trapped by the receding tide. It is suggested that stimulation-seeking behavior (and stranding) reflects a general sympathetic nervous system response which may be due to a number of factors such as pain, discomfort, reproductive state, and other biorhythmic changes.
Is JC polyoma virus the cause of ulcerative colitis and multiple sclerosis

JC polyoma virus (JCV) is known to be the cause of the degenerative central nervous system white matter disease progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy. Recently, JCV DNA has unexpectedly been found in significant quantity in normal colon mucosa and in tissue from colonic carcinomas, with increased quantities in the cancerous tissues. The yield of JCV DNA was increased by use of topoisomerase I, possibly because the JCV DNA was negatively supercoiled. The causes of ulcerative colitis (in which colon cancer is common) and multiple sclerosis are not known. Here I suggest that JCV may play a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases, and discuss methods for testing this hypothesis.
Branched renal mucous cast resulting from refluxing ileal conduit

Abstract This case report details a rare complication of a refluxing' ileal conduit which resulted in a branched mucous cast obstructing a solitary kidney. A review of the literature surveying other complications from ileal supravesical diversion is included.
Neutralization of the oncogenicity of moloney sarcoma virus and moloney leukemia virus by anti‐gross serum

A potent and specific rat anti-Gross serum effectively neutralized the oncogenicity of Moloney Sarcoma Virus (MSV) and Moloney Leukemia Virus (MLV) of BALB/c origin. It also reacted against a BALB/c Moloney leukemia but not against a mineral oil-induced BALB/c plasmacytoma by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. The results suggest that either Gross virus has some antigens in common with both MSV and MLV, or that Gross virus shares antigens with MLV which, in turn, determines the virion coat antigens of MSV.
Organizational Cybernetics and Human Values

The major hypothesis explored by this paper is that managers of large enterprises—public or private, in any context —have an increasingly urgent socio-humanistic responsibility to create self-actua...
Methamphetamine produces subsequent reductions in running time to exhaustion in mice.

Treatment with methamphetamine (MA - 20 mg/kg x 4 i.p. at 2-h intervals) or its vehicle at 7 days prior to tests of running time to exhaustion were evaluated in 60-day-old CD-1 male mice. Pre-treatment running times were not significantly different between the two groups. MA resulted in significantly decreased running times to exhaustion compared to vehicle-treated controls and a significant reduction in corpus striatal dopamine and DOPAC but not norepinephrine. No statistically significant differences in catecholamines were obtained within the hypothalamus, or left ventricle of the heart, nor were body weights significantly different between these groups. The data show that a regimen of MA, which results in an approximate 90% depletion of striatal DA, produces a reduction in running time to exhaustion.
Fiscal Federalism: a Voting System Where Spillovers Taper Off Spatially

In this paper we present a point voting system with declining weights on votes Abstract for the representation of spillover interests among governments in a federalist system. In theory our model represents a formalization in terms of voting of Musgrave's proposal of varying benefit taxes to solve the problems caused by intergovernmental spillovers. We apply the voting system to a case of benefit incidence that tapers off spatially from a point of supply, although the principle involved can be generally applied to the whole range of benefit and cost spillover activities on expenditure items among governments on the same or differ ent levels. An important conclusion of our analysis is that there should ration ally be two-way representation and regional partial voting rights in the theory and practice of fiscal federalism.
The radar imagery generator

The radar imagery generator (RIG) is a simulation system for creating synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and inverse SAR (ISAR) images. It is being used for operator training, radar design studies, low-observable target design, and target detection and recognition analysis. RIG is a validated simulation, based on a first-principles radar scattering model. >
Regulatory Perspectives on Pharmacogenomics: A Review of the Literature on Key Issues Faced by the United States Food and Drug Administration:

Pharmacogenomics (PGx), the use of genetic information to individualize drug therapy, is an immediate and important application of the Human Genome Project. The advent of PGx presents challenges to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in pursuing its mandate of protecting public health and safety. The authors conducted a review of academic, industry, and government literature using a technology diffusion framework to identify issues faced by the FDA relevant to the application of PGx. Two hundred and ten articles were reviewed. Key issues were categorized as rationale and structure for PGx regulation, regulation of PGx-based testing technologies, regulation of applications in clinical settings, regulation of data, and regulation of product life cycles. This review identifies issues faced by the FDA with respect to PGx, which the FDA is addressing through several initiatives. It also illustrates the complex issues involved in developing, implementing, and adopting new technologies.
Dopamine D1 and D2 receptor family contributions to modafinil-induced wakefulness.

Modafinil (2-[(diphenylmethyl) sulfinyl] acetamide; United States brand name Provigil) is a wake-promoting agent first prescribed in France to treat narcolepsy-associated somnolence in the 1990s. Modafinil is currently prescribed in the United States for narcolepsy-associated somnolence, shift-work
Bovine Compositional Interrelationships

Composition studies were completed using 49 steers representing variations in muscularity that included double muscled cattle. Results indicated that non-muscular cattle were fatter than anticipated when evaluated subjectively, and the reverse was true for muscular cattle. Muscular cattle contained from 2 to 7% more fat-free muscle and this was attributed to higher muscle-bone ratios; however, fatness was the dominating variable in determining ultimate composition. The proportionate contributions of each muscle to total muscle mass and each bone to total skeletal mass was nearly constant for all cattle, and this was also true for body parts (holding fat content and weight constant). Wizen fat content and live empty body weight were held constant, all cattle converted equal quantities of feed to fat-free muscle. The combination of fat depth, longissimus area and marbling content provided a useful combination of variables to predict quantity of fat-free muscle. Muscular cattle had higher dressing yields which were attributed to their possessing proportionately smaller body cavities. Fatter cattle did not have higher dressing yields when live weight and muscularity were held constant because it appeared that increased quantities of mesentery fat compensated on a proportional basis for increased quantities of carcass fat. One double muscled steer possessed the biological capacity to deposit excess quantities of fat when time on feed was unlimited.
Electrical stimulation of microbial PCB degradation in sediment

Abstract Bioremediation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been precluded in part by the lack of a cost-effective method to stimulate microbial degradation in situ. A common limitation is the lack of an effective method of providing electron donors and acceptors to promote in situ PCB biodegradation. Application of an electric potential to soil/sediment could be an effective means of providing electron-donors/-acceptors to PCB dechlorinating and degrading microorganisms. In this study, electrical stimulation of microbial PCB dechlorination/degradation was examined in sediment maintained under simulated in situ conditions. Voltage was applied to open microcosms filled with PCB-impacted (Aroclor 1242) freshwater sediment from a Superfund site (Fox River, WI). The effect of applied low voltages (1.5–3.0 V) on the microbial transformation of PCBs was determined with: 1) spiked PCBs, and 2) indigenous weathered PCBs. The results indicate that both oxidative and reductive microbial transformation of the spiked PCBs was stimulated but oxidation was dominant and most effective with higher voltage. Chlorobenzoates were produced as oxidation metabolites of the spiked PCBs, but increasing voltage enhanced chlorobenzoate consumption, indicating that overall degradation was enhanced. In the case of weathered PCBs, the total concentration decreased 40–60% in microcosms exposed to electric current while no significant decrease of PCB concentration was observed in control reactors (0 V or sterilized). Single congener analysis of the weathered PCBs showed significant loss of di- to penta-chlorinated congeners, indicating that microbial activity was not limited to anaerobic dechlorination of only higher chlorinated congeners. Degradation was most apparent with the application of only 1.5 V where anodic O2 was not generated, indicating a mechanism of degradation independent of electrolytic O2. Low voltage stimulation of the microbial degradation of weathered PCBs observed in this study suggests that this approach could be a cost-effective, environmentally sustainable strategy to remediate PCBs in situ.
Brown fat thermogenesis and cardiac rate regulation during cold challenge in infant rats

Infants rats depend on heat production by brown adipose tissue (BAT) during cold challenge. Although it has been suggested that BAT thermogenesis protects the heart in the cold, the relationship of BAT activation to cardiac rate has not been examined directly. In the first experiment, the cardiac rate of 2- and 7- to 8-day-old rat pups was monitored during moderate and extreme cold challenge. Pups at both ages maintained cardiac rate during moderate cold challenge while BAT thermogenesis was increasing. In contrast, cooling to air temperatures at which BAT thermogenesis could increase no further resulted in pronounced bradycardia. In the second experiment, ganglionic blockade was used to eliminate BAT heat production and autonomic control of the heart in 7- to 8-day olds. Blockade suppressed BAT thermogenesis in the cold and led to pronounced decreases in interscapular temperature and cardiac rate. These data suggest that cardiac rate in infant rats is modulated both by the autonomic nervous system and BAT thermogenesis.
Oxygen Vacancy Motion in Perovskite Oxides

Using electron paramagnetic resonance, the motion of oxygen vacancies within the oxygen octahedron in perovskite BaTiO{sub 3} is observed via the alignment of oxygen vacancy-related defect dipoles induced by bias/heat combinations. The vacancy motion is found to have an activation energy of 0.91 eV, in excellent agreement with the predicted. It is found that the onset of resistance degradation is also concurrent with oxygen vacancy motion. This result spectroscopically demonstrates that oxygen vacancy migration in the lattice is likely responsible for the observed degradation.
Novel Trafficking Routes for Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

Bone marrow (BM)-resident hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are known to enter the blood and to home back to the BM. However, whether these migratory HSPCs also follow extramedullary traffic routes is unknown. Our group has recently shown that mouse thoracic duct (TD) lymph contains clonogenic HSPCs that possess short- and long-term multilineage reconstitution capacity in primary and secondary transplantation assays. Using BM transplantation, homing experiments, and parabiotic mice, we established that TD HSPCs originate in the BM and traffic constitutively to multiple extramedullary tissues, where they reside for several days until entering draining lymphatics to return to the blood. While these migratory properties of HSPCs resemble those of lymphocytes, circulating HSPCs access different target tissues because, unlike lymphocytes, they do not require secondary lymphoid organs to recirculate. The egress of HSPCs from extramedullary tissues into lymph depends on sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors, particularly S1P1. We have shown that under physiological conditions migratory HSPCs contribute to the continuous restoration of specialized hematopoietic cells that reside in peripheral tissues. Upon exposure to toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, migratory HSPCs proliferate locally within extramedullary tissues and generate innate immune effector cells. Thus, HSPCs can survey peripheral organs to replenish tissue-resident hematopoietic cells and act as a source of mature leukocytes during host defense against pathogens.
Sitostanol administered in lecithin micelles potently reduces cholesterol absorption in humans.

Background Phytosterol feeding in human clinical trials has had generally small and inconsistent effects on serum cholesterol concentrations, raising doubts about the importance of phytosterols in natural diets and supplements. Objective The hypothesis tested was that the low intestinal bioavailability of purified phytosterols can be increased by formulation with lecithin. Design The ability of sitostanol to reduce cholesterol absorption was measured directly by including hexadeuterated cholesterol tracer in a standard test breakfast and measuring plasma tracer concentration 4 and 5 d later by gas chromatography-negative ion mass spectrometry. The tracer amount after a test meal containing sitostanol was compared with that after an identical meal containing placebo. Each subject served as his or her own control and the order of testing was random. Sitostanol was formulated either as a powder or as a sonicated micellar solution with lecithin. A total of 38 single-meal tests were performed in 6 healthy subjects. Results Sitostanol powder (1 g) reduced cholesterol absorption by only 11.3 +/- 7.4% (P = 0.2), confirming in vitro data showing poor solubility of sitostanol powder in artificial bile. In contrast, sitostanol in lecithin micelles reduced cholesterol absorption by 36.7 +/- 4.2% (P = 0.003) at a dose of 700 mg and by 34.4 +/- 5.8% (P = 0.01) at a dose of 300 mg. Conclusions Sitostanol reduced cholesterol absorption at doses lower than reported previously, but only if presented in lecithin micelles. Properly formulated sitostanol as well as naturally occurring complexes of phytosterol and phospholipid might be therapeutically useful for cholesterol lowering.
Electrophysiological and mathematical characteristics of the escape rhythm during complete AV block.

During complete AV block produced by selective administration of physostigmine into the AV node artery of the dog, there is a stable escape rhythm which has properties of automaticity (rather than re-entry) and which has narrow QRS complexes similar to those during sinus rhythm. No other stable escape rhythm occurred. This rhythm (AVJ-2) had a rate which bore a constant mathematical relation to that of control sinus rhythm (AVJ-2 :SR = 2:9) and also to the rate of the escape AV junctional rhythm (AVJ-1) which emerges during selective suppression of the sinus node without AV block (AVJ-2:AVJ-1 = 1:3).
TOLERANCE OF THE SPINAL CORD TO STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY: INSIGHTS FROM HEMANGIOBLASTOMAS

Purpose To evaluate spinal cord dose–volume effects, we present a retrospective review of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) treatments for spinal cord hemangioblastomas. Methods and Materials From November 2001 to July 2008, 27 spinal hemangioblastomas were treated in 19 patients with SRS. Seventeen tumors received a single fraction with a median dose of 20 Gy (range, 18–30 Gy). Ten lesions were treated using 18–25 Gy in two to three sessions. Cord volumes receiving 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, and 24 Gy and dose to 10, 100, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mm 3 of cord were determined. Multisession treatments were converted to single-fraction biologically effective dose (SFBED). Results Single-fraction median cord D max was 22.7 Gy (range, 17.8–30.9 Gy). Median V10 was 454 mm 3 (range, 226–3543 mm 3 ). Median dose to 500 mm 3 cord was 9.5 Gy (range, 5.3–22.5 Gy). Fractionated median SFBED 3 cord D max was 14.1 Gy 3 (range, 12.3–19.4 Gy 3 ). Potential toxicities included a Grade 2 unilateral foot drop 5 months after SRS and 2 cases of Grade 1 sensory deficits. The actuarial 3-year local tumor control estimate was 86%. Conclusions Despite exceeding commonly cited spinal cord dose constraints, SRS for spinal hemangioblastomas is safe and effective. Consistent with animal experiments, these data support a partial-volume tolerance model for the human spinal cord. Because irradiated cord volumes were generally small, application of these data to other clinical scenarios should be made cautiously. Further prospective studies of spinal radiosurgery are needed.
Applying a revised RFC metric to redesign an OO design

In recent years computer engineers have achieved major breakthroughs in the technology of processors and memory. Those breakthroughs directly influenced the software technology, which in turn, produced the "Visual Age" and its associated OO languages (e.g. Visual C++ and Java). Although these languages produce nifty graphical user interface applications, they are not as easy to program in as we are led to believe. Many programmers don't have a firm grip on the concepts of OO programming. In addition, programmers become hasty and immediately start programming without regard to the design that was originally made. Moreover, the original design itself can be part of the problem. Many designs do not conform to rigorous design testing methodologies to prove their soundness. In this paper, we introduce a revised Response For a Class design metric. This metric, among many others, is crucial to help designers produce a virtually bug-free program. The RFC metric measures the potential communication between a class and other classes. We show that the RFC design metric is a viable tool to measure the coupling between objects in an object-oriented design. We provide examples to show whether a design needs to be redesigned or left as it was originally made. Moreover, we show that the RFC design metric helps developers reduce the cost, increase the quality, and decrease the time spent on maintenance of their code.
Isotopic Characterization of Flight Feathers in Two Pelagic Seabirds: Sampling Strategies for Ecological Studies

Abstract. We wish to use stable-isotope analysis of flight feathers to understand the feeding behavior of pelagic seabirds, such as the Hawaiian Petrel (Pterodroma sandwichensis) and Newell's Shearwater (Puffinus auricularis newelli). Analysis of remiges is particularly informative because the sequence and timing of remex molt are often known. The initial step, reported here, is to obtain accurate isotope values from whole remiges by means of a minimally invasive protocol appropriate for live birds or museum specimens. The high variability observed in δ13C and δ15N values within a feather precludes the use of a small section of vane. We found the average range within 42 Hawaiian Petrel remiges to be 1.3‰ for both δ13C and δ15N and that within 10 Newell's Shearwater remiges to be 1.3‰ and 0.7‰ for δ13C and δ15N, respectively. The δ13C of all 52 feathers increased from tip to base, and the majority of Hawaiian Petrel feathers showed an analogous trend in δ15N. Although the average range of δD in 21 Hawaiian...
Behavioral and physiologic response measures of occupational task performance: a preliminary comparison between typical children and children with attention disorder.

Objective To compare performance on the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS), a measure of functional task performance and physiological responses (salivary cortisol levels) during AMPS administration, between typically developing children and children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method In this quasi-experimental study, independent t tests, and mixed, repeated measures analysis of variance were conducted to compare a group of typically developing children (n = 21) with a group of children with ADHD (n = 12) on two dependent measures: (a) the AMPS and (b) salivary cortisol. Salivary cortisol, a stress hormone, was taken at three time points, baseline, mid-way through AMPS administration, and 20 min following AMPS administration. Results Significant differences were found on the activities of daily living (ADL) process ability measure of the AMPS (p = .001) and the ADL motor ability measure (p = .04), with the ADHD group performing more poorly than typical children. There was no significant group (ADHD vs. control) by time period interaction effect on cortisol levels. Overall, the cortisol levels of the ADHD group were higher than the levels of those in the control group (p = .02). Cortisol levels tended to drop significantly over time (p = .01) for both groups, however the patterns differed somewhat between groups. Cortisol levels of the typical children dropped at the final time period (20 min post-AMPS administration) whereas the levels of the children in the ADHD remained higher during this time period. This interaction effect approached, but did not reach, statistical significance (p = .15). Conclusion The results of this investigation suggest that the AMPS is sensitive to detecting functional performance concerns, and both motor and process skill deficits, associated with ADHD, and therefore may be a useful assessment tool with this population. Data also suggests that cortisol expression to a well-known ADL task may be lower if the task is not overly challenging for the individual, and provides support for further study of the role of cortisol with disorders of attention.
Global and Regional Diurnal Variations of Organized Convection

Abstract An automated objective classification procedure, the Convection Classification and Automated Tracking System (CCATS), is used to analyze the mean life cycles of organized convection in the global Tropics and midlatitudes (40°N–40°S). Five years (1989–93) of infrared satellite imagery are examined for the Pacific and Atlantic basins and one year (April 1988–March 1989) is studied for the Indian basin. Two main classes of organized convection (lifetime of 6 h or more) are tracked: MCT and CCC. MCT represent a combined dataset of tropical cyclones and mesoscale convective complexes (MCC). Convective cloud clusters (CCC) meet the same cold cloud-top temperature, time, and size criteria used to distinguish MCC, but fail to sustain the same high degree of symmetry for at least 6 h. That is, CCC represent more elongated systems, such as squall lines. The frequency of CCC exceeds that of MCT by a factor of 30 over both land and sea. MCT and CCC are each stratified to into 12 continental and oceanic regio...
Landscape-scale determinants of native and non-native Great Plains fish distributions.

Aim Landscape-scale factors may have differential effects on the distribution of native and non-native fishes and may help explain invasion success and species declines. Location Great Plains, Wyoming, USA Methods We used hierarchical Bayesian mixture models and constrained ordination techniques to evaluate associations between landscape-scale factors on native and non-native fish species richness, reproductive guilds and individual species distributions. Results Predicted responses between landscape-scale factors and native and non-native fish species richness were similar, except non-native fish species richness that was positively associated with density of oil and gas wells. Non-native fish species richness was also positively associated with native fish species richness. Spawning guild composition differed between native and non-native fishes. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that the most abundant non-native and only a few native species were positively associated with oil and gas wells. Main conclusions The similar relationships between native and non-native fish species richness are likely evidence that they share similar ecological rules, which supports that non-native species become naturalized and they may be affected by the same environmental factors that determine distribution of native species.
Impact-induced melting of planetary surfaces

The objective of this paper is to determine the thickness of the melt layer relative to the crater diameter for simple and complex craters. A numerical code was employed to calculate the amount of melting and the crater geometry. We used the code results and the scaling formalism of Holsapple and Schmidt (1987) to determine the scaling laws for the relative melt layer thickness. Simple crater dimensions are dominated by impact parameters and the planet’s strength, whereas complex crater dimensions are dominated by planetary gravity, strength, and the impact parameters. The volume of melt is proportional to impact energy for impact velocities and melt enthalpies of interest to planetary science. Crater geometry and dimensions scale with an exponent, μ, which is intermediate between momentum (μ = 1/3) and energy (μ = 2/3) scaling. For simple craters, the melt layer thickness/crater diameter, T/D, for a given planetary surface (constant melt enthalpy and mean impact velocity), is independent of the crater size. For complex craters, T/D, for a given planetary surface (constant melt enthalpy, impact velocity, and gravitational acceleration), increases with the size of the crater. For simple craters, at a fixed size, the relative melt layer thickness, T/D, increases slowly with increasing impact velocity, U, according to ∝ U^(0.1)), whereas, for complex craters (∝ U^(0.22)).
Achieving Anatomic Acetabular Fracture Reduction—When is the Best Time to Operate?

Objectives:We hypothesize that earlier operative intervention for acetabular fractures improves the probability of achieving an anatomic reduction.Design:Retrospective review.Setting:Academic level I trauma center.Patients/Participants:Six hundred fifty acetabular fractures treated through open redu
Malaria: Overview and Update

Each year 1,000 imported cases of malaria are reported in the United States, and several thousand such cases are reported in Europe. Delays in the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria have resulted in death in some of the cases. Unfortunately, many travelers to malarious regions either are provided with inadequate or incorrect advice on measures for preventing malaria or fail to follow correct advice, which puts them at risk for acquiring malaria. These facts underscore the need to periodically review some of the salient points about the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this disease.
Late medieval ontologies of facts

L'A. etudie la signification du terme que p dans la theorie de la signification complexe defendue au XIV e siecle par Adam Wodeham et Gregory de Rimini, affirmant qu'une proposition signifie quelque chose qui doit etre exclusivement signifie par la composition des termes d'une proposition, sans reference a quelque proposition mentale de la theorie du complexum; aussi la phrase Socrate est blanc signifie que Socrate est blanc, soulevant le probleme de la verite telle qu'elle est definie dans les «Categories» d'Aristote
Lapatinib Plus Capecitabine Resolved Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Brain Metastases

Brain metastases affect 25%-30% of women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer and are associated with a high burden of disease and poor prognosis. A 55-year-old woman presented with HER2-positive, hormone receptor-positive, locally advanced infiltrating ductal carcinoma. She received 4 cycles of neoadjuvant docetaxel (75 mg/m) plus trastuzumab (6 mg/kg) on a 21-day cycle, resulting in complete pathologic response at the time of surgery. Trastuzumab (6 mg/kg every 21 days) plus anastrozole (1 mg/d) was continued for 1 year. Two years later, the patient progressed with pulmonary nodules and a large pleural effusion. Computed tomography and positron emission tomography revealed multiple lesions in the liver and thoracic spine but no evidence of brain metastases. The patient received weekly trastuzumab (2 mg/kg), paclitaxel (80 mg/m), and carboplatin (area under the curve 2) for 6 months; her symptoms resolved and her disease stabilized. Seven months later, she developed diplopia and gait difficulties, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple brain lesions. Whole-brain radiotherapy (30 Gy in 10 fractions) was delivered with excellent clinical results. The patient remained progression free without symptoms for approximately 3 months. When she developed central nervous system symptoms, she was treated with lapatinib (1250 mg/d continuously) plus capecitabine (2000 mg/m given on days 1-14 of a 21-day cycle). Four months later, a brain computed tomography performed shortly before her death from progressive systemic disease revealed near complete resolution of brain metastases. Lapatinib plus capecitabine seems to have clinical activity in HER2-positive brain metastases.
Impact of Low-carbon Economy Pattern on China's Agricultural Industry and Development Trends in Future Agricultural Production

Agricultural production affects carbon emissions in two ways: firstly,some agricultural production patterns are "high carbon",which accelerate the process of global warming.Secondly,global climate change will in reverse affect the agricultural production process.Low-carbon economy is new pattern and concept for China's agricultural development in future.China's agricultural industry chain wills gradually "low carbon" as results of this pattern.Prior areas for future agricultural technology are pointed out: farming techniques with resources and energy saving,optimization use of agricultural chemicals,agricultural biotechnology and agricultural waste utilization technology etc.Farmer cooperatives will further deepen on its ways.Spaces are still remained in the transition of agricultural products processing and logistics to low-carbon development.
Consuming Army Wives: military domesticity and nationalist neoliberalism on TV

ABSTRACTThis article analyses Lifetime Television’s scripted drama Army Wives with related cultural texts, social media platforms, and marketing campaigns. Through a refashioning of ‘domestic’ concerns, these texts generate a double narrative which overtly embraces a welfarist model of nationalist sacrifice and reward, while simultaneously promoting individualist neoliberal narratives of self-reliance that underpin defunding state programmes, both military and civilian. This interdisciplinary reading of subjectivity, political economy, and militarism demonstrates how mass cultural ideologies function in relation to neoliberal structures of public and private; highlights widespread failures of the liberal economic social contract and the rise of neoliberal definitions of citizenship; troubles distinctions between ‘civilian’ and ‘military’ positions in US cultural politics; and illustrates how representations of US military culture rely on liberal nineteenth-century ideologies of gender and race while simul...
Le soin : cadre théorique pour un cheminement interactif

On peut conceptualiser le processus de soin comme un travail evolutif, fourni tant par la personne aidante que par la personne aidee et comprenant differentes phases : phases initiale, de consolidation, de declin et de rupture. L’acte de soin n’est pas necessairement une experience deprimante et negative. La collaboration de professionnels competents permet de prevoir les differentes phases et de s’y preparer.
Coacervation in the System Gelatin, Gelatin Derivatives, and Anionic Thickening Agents

AbstractThe system gelatin, gelatin derivatives, and anionic thickening agents can exhibit coacervation under certain conditions. This phenomenon is marked by the appearance of opalescence and also by the inability to get a stable viscosity measurement in a rotating cylinder viscometer. It is explained on the basis of simplex coacervation. Coacervation results when the thickening agent is added to a solution of the two gelatins. Less thickener is needed to give coacervation when a higher ratio of derivatized to underivatized gelatin is used or when the derivatized gelatin has a lower isoelectric point. The lower isoelectric point is obtained by increasing the degree of derivatization or by starting with a limed ossein rather than an acid pigskin gelatin. The particular thickening agent used affects the degree of coacervation. As with simplex coacervation, pH has little effect over a moderately wide range (6-8). The derivatized gelatins by themselves, with their low content of free amino groups, are neithe...
Online non-contact surface finish measurement in machining using graph theory-based image analysis

Abstract This work addresses the following open research question: what non-contact measurement techniques and analytical approaches are required to assess the surface finish of a workpiece in situ during conventional machining without stopping the machine tool? The goal is to track variations in surface finish during conventional machining without stopping the machine tool so that quick compensatory action can be taken in case of a process drift. In pursuit of this goal, the objective of this work is non-contact, vision-based online measurement of surface finish in a conventional machining operation, such as outside diameter (OD) turning on a lathe. To realize the foregoing objective, algebraic graph theoretic image processing is used. The approach is based on converting an image of a surface into an unweighted and undirected network graph. The graph theoretic invariant, Fiedler number (λ2), is estimated, and subsequently invoked as a discriminant of workpiece surface roughness. The advantage of the proposed approach is that it eschews complex image filtering and segmentation steps. The central hypothesis is that the graph-based topological quantifier Fiedler number (λ2) estimates surface finish in a conventional machining operation with accuracy Sa ± 2 μm (arithmetic average areal surface roughness, μm) when Sa is in the range of 1-10 μm. This hypothesis is tested on conventional cylindrical (outside diameter) turning of shafts by using an optical imaging setup (CCD camera) incorporated into a lathe machine. Through statistical modeling it is demonstrated that the Fiedler number (λ2) tracks surface finish variations in situ for steel and aluminum alloy shafts (4340 and 6061 grades, respectively) in near real-time with a maximum error of approximately Sa ± 2 μm. This measurement error was verified to be within 15% of the actual measured surface finish. Tests were also carried out under three different rotational speeds (0 rpm, 45 rpm, 245 rpm); and the approach was consequently attested to be robust to rotational speeds. The computational time for estimating the surface finish from this approach was assessed to be within tenth of a second, thus validating its practical applicability.
Comment on “Fluid modeling of a high-voltage nanosecond pulsed xenon microdischarge” [Phys. Plasmas 23, 073513 (2016)]

Simulations of sparks in 10 atmosphere Xenon gas by Levko and Raja [Phys. Plasmas 23, 073513 (2016)] are unable to reproduce the experimental fact of their opacity to visible light [Bataller et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 223501 (2014)]. Levko and Raja have argued the discrepancy is due to enhanced ionization from the probing laser radiation and/or cathode field emission. Having observed comparable opacity in similar systems without probing lasers and without electrodes, we instead argue that the enhanced ionization is a thermodynamic result of dense plasma screening effects that lower the effective ionization potential. Levko and Raja do not adequately address these density effects in their spark discharge simulations.
Abstract 126: The Association Between Medication Aherence and Time in Therapeutic Range (TTR) Among Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Treated With Warfarin: Lessons From the Parkland Health and Hospital System

Background: Therapeutic anticoagulation with Warfarin among patients with atrial fibrillation reduces the risk of stroke. To achieve this risk reduction, it is important that the TTR is > 65%. Novel oral anticoagulants are noninferior or superior to Warfarin in reducing the risk of stroke and do not require maintaining a narrow therapeutic window. The goals of this study were to determine the TTR in a safety-net hospital system as well as predictors of poor TTR. Second, we set out to determine the association between medication nonadherence and TTR. If nonadherence is a significant independent predictor of TTR, this implies that a universal policy of switching to NOACs without considering patient adherence may not improve outcomes. Methods: We queried the Parkland Health and Hospital System electronic medical record for all patients from January 2010 to 2016 with a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation or flutter on EKG who were on warfarin and had INR results available during the study period. TTR was calculated using the Rosendaal method. Patients were grouped into TTR quartiles. Adherence to Warfarin was defined by the proportion of days covered to the medication (0 – 100%). Multivariable linear regression modeling was used to assess the associations between demographic, comorbid conditions, and adherence and TTR. Results: A total of 2,626 patients were included in the analysis. There was significant variability in the TTR with the median TTR of 50% and IQR of 31 - 66. Younger age, black race, alcohol and drug use history, use of antiplatelet medications, and systolic blood pressure >160 was associated with having TTR in the lowest quartile ( Conclusions: TTR to Warfarin in this underserved population is suboptimal. Given that adherence to Warfarin is independently associated with poor TTR, in the absence of strong adherence interventions, a policy of universal NOAC adoption is unlikely to significantly improve outcomes. If patients are transitioned to NOACs, this data implies that a targeted adherence intervention will be necessary to ensure that the medication is effective in reducing the risk of stroke.
Stereochemical Structure Activity Relationship Studies (S-SAR) of Tetrahydrolipstatin.

Tetrahydrolipstatin (THL), its enantiomer, and an additional six diastereomers were evaluated as inhibitors of the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl butyrate by porcine pancreatic lipase. IC50s were found for all eight stereoisomers ranging from a low of 4.0 nM for THL to a high of 930 nM for the diastereomer with the inverted stereocenters at the 2,3,2′-positions. While the enantiomer of THL was also significantly less active (77 nM) the remaining five stereoisomers retained significant inhibitory activities (IC50s = 8.0 to 20 nM). All eight compounds were also evaluated against three human cancer cell lines (human breast cancers MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, human large-cell lung carcinoma H460). No appreciable cytotoxicity was observed for THL and its seven diastereomers, as their IC50s in a MTT cytotoxicity assay were all greater than 3 orders of magnitude of camptothecin.