cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Looking to the future of new media in health marketing: deriving propositions based on traditional theories.

ABSTRACT Market trend data show that the media marketplace continues to rapidly evolve. Recent research shows that substantial portions of the U.S. media population are “new media” users. Today, more than ever before, media consumers are exposed to multiple media at the same point in time, encouraged to participate in media content generation, and challenged to learn, access, and use the new media that are continually entering the market. These media trends have strong implications for how consumers of health information access, process, and retain health-related knowledge. In this article we review traditional information processing models and theories of interpersonal and mass media access and consumption. We make several theory-based propositions for how traditional information processing and media consumption concepts will function as new media usage continues to increase. These propositions are supported by new media usage data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's entry into the new ...
Systematic Bias in Outcome Studies of Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract Objective: (1) Examine systematic biases created by subjects lost at 1-year follow-up in samples of persons with traumatic brain injury; (2) identify potential threats to generalization of outcomes data. Design: A consecutive sample of admissions to acute rehabilitation studied 1 year following discharge. Setting: An inpatient brain injury rehabilitation unit in a large, academic medical center. Subjects: Eighty-eight patients with primary diagnosis of traumatic brain injury. Main Outcome Measures: Subjects were considered lost to follow-up when phone calls, mail, clinic visits, and assistance from family failed to allow contact 1 year after discharge from acute rehabilitation. Potential effects of the biased follow-up sample were examined for seven suboptimal outcomes. Results: A total of 38.6% of subjects were lost to follow-up. Subjects intoxicated at time of injury and those with history of substance abuse were more likely to be lost. Among subjects followed, the likelihood of working or being in school 1 year after discharge was significantly less for those intoxicated at time of injury and those with a history of substance abuse. Conclusions: Systematic bias in longitudinal studies may result from subjects with substance use problems being lost to follow-up. Population estimates for return to work or school will be overestimated if those lost who have substance use problems resemble those followed.
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Undergoes Restricted Replication in Macrophage Cell Cultures Following Fc Receptor-Mediated Adsorption

We have previously reported that foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can enter an Fc receptor (FcR)-expressing cell line by antibody-dependent enhancement. Since FMDV can establish a persistent infection in animals in the presence of high levels of neutralizing antibodies (carrier state), we examined macrophages for their ability to be infected by the virus in the presence of antibody. The murine macrophage cell line P388D1 or porcine macrophage-monocytes isolated from peripheral blood were incubated with antibody-complexed virus. Under these conditions, host protein synthesis was rapidly inhibited in both cell types, but not in cells incubated either with virus alone or with imine-inactivated antibody-complexed virus. Virus-specific structural and nonstructural proteins were synthesized in antibody-complexed virus-infected P388D1 cells, while only nonstructural proteins were detected in porcine macrophage cultures. Negative-strand RNAs were detected in both cell types, indicating that RNA replication had taken place. Cultures of P388D1 cells transfected with viral RNA produced very low levels of infectious virus, and infection with virus-antibody complexes, followed by a brief wash with pH 6.0 buffer to remove residual input virus, allowed the detection of low levels of productive replication. Thus, macrophages can be infected with FMDV via FcR-mediated adsorption, and infection of these cells could contribute to pathology or provide a reservoir of infectious virus in carrier animals.
Molecular basis for a direct interaction between the Syk protein-tyrosine kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase

After engagement of the B cell receptor for antigen, the Syk protein-tyrosine kinase becomes phosphorylated on multiple tyrosines, some of which serve as docking sites for downstream effectors with SH2 or other phosphotyrosine binding domains. The most frequently identified binding partner for catalytically active Syk identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen was the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. The C-terminal SH2 domain of p85 was sufficient for mediating an interaction with tyrosine-phosphorylated Syk. Interestingly, this domain interacted with Syk at phosphotyrosine 317, a site phosphorylated in trans by the Src family kinase, Lyn, and identified previously as a binding site for c-Cbl. This site interacted preferentially with the p85 C-terminal SH2 domain compared with the c-Cbl tyrosine kinase binding domain. Molecular modeling studies showed a good fit between the p85 SH2 domain and a peptide containing phosphotyrosine 317. Tyr-317 was found to be essential for Syk to support phagocytosis mediated by FcγRIIA receptors expressed in a heterologous system. These studies establish a new type of p85 binding site that can exist on proteins that serve as substrates for Src family kinases and provide a molecular explanation for observations on direct interactions between Syk and phosphoinositide 3-kinase.
Exploring the effect of tiling on large displays

Over the past several years tiled displays have slowly evolved from expensive blended-projection systems to Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) tiled displays. The LCD systems are typically cheaper to construct and maintain, but the bezels introduced at screen edges are often a common source of complaints. Our long term research goal is to settle the debate between the two technologies to see if there really is any perceivable benefit to one versus the other. The work outlined here presents the first in a series of comparative experiments.
Hepatic glucose uptake rapidly decreases after removal of the portal signal in conscious dogs

The aim of this study was to assess the decay of the effect of the portal signal on net hepatic glucose uptake (NHGU). Experiments were performed on five 42-h-fasted conscious dogs. After the 40-mi...
Coding for Evaluation and Treatment

Abstract This article explains the development and use of ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes, CPT procedure codes, and HCPCS supply/device codes. Examples of appropriate coding combinations, and Coding rules...
Modeling the internet is fun!: but can you make a living?

This talk overviews some of the highlights and success stories in the mathematical modeling and analysis of the Internet (and other networks). We will begin with Kleinrock's seminal work on modeling store and forward networks and its extensions, and end with the successful development of fluid models for the current Internet. The rest of the talk will focus on lessons learned from these endeavors and how modeling and analysis can and will play a role in the development of new networks (e.g., wireless networks, application-level networks). Finally, we conclude that one can have fun modeling networks while at the same time make a living.
Trajectories and events

A solution to the correspondence problem using constraint satisfaction is described. It uses a real-time line-fitting algorithm to detect changes in a point's motion parameters as they happen. A trajectory is hypothesized for a single point's motion. Since the event detected may be wrong, multiple trajectories are hypothesized for each point. A correspondence is drawn from the set of hypothesized trajectories. The algorithm is robust, working on noisy and non-rigid motion data, and does not use false precision. >
Is total body irradiation a necessary component of preparative therapy for autologous transplantation in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Between September 1986 and June 1998, 157 patients with low grade, intermediate grade, or high grade lymphoma underwent autologous transplantation at a single institution. Two preparative regimens were used: cyclophosphamide, etoposide, total body irradiation (CY-VP-TBI) (N=110) and cyclophosphamide, BCNU, etoposide (CBV) (N=47). The two groups were not significantly different with respect to source of stem cells, gender, stage at presentation, incidence of prior bone marrow involvement, sensitivity to salvage therapy, or histologic grade of lymphoma. The CBV group was significantly older, 49% of patients over age 50, as compared to 26% of patients over age 50 for the CY-VP-TBI group. Response rates and the incidence of fatal toxicity were similar for the two groups. Five year actuarial survival was 31 % × 9% for CBV and 38% × 5% for CY-VP-TBI, p =.85. In a multivariate analysis, in which preparative regimen, age, histologic grade of lymphoma, and sensitivity to salvage therapy were the independent variab...
CARBON BUDGETS FOR A PRAIRIE AND AGROECOSYSTEMS: EFFECTS OF LAND USE AND INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY

Midwestern grasslands have undergone dramatic changes in land use and management practices, but the effects of these changes on terrestrial carbon budgets are poorly understood. This study compared, for five years, the effects of land-use type on components of the carbon (C) budget (above- and belowground net primary production [NPP], C leaching, soil surface CO2 flux, vegetation and soil C contents, and C export from burning and grain removal) of a restored tallgrass prairie and maize agroecosystems on a silt loam soil. Interannual variation of the C budget was addressed by correlating annual fluctuations of environmental variables and soil properties with C-budget components. The C losses we estimated, in order of increasing magnitude, were C leaching, grain C removal from the maize agroecosystems, and soil surface CO2 flux. NPP was significantly greater for N-fertilized maize (10.4 Mg C·ha−1·yr−1) than unfertilized maize agroecosystems (6.2 Mg C·ha−1·yr−1), and both were significantly greater than rest...
Microstructures in Y-Ba-Cu-O Thin Films Investigated by XAFS Techniques

Superconducting films of YBa2Cu3O7-6 obtained by laser ablation on MgO and ZrO2 substrates were investigated by soft x-ray absorption fine structure technique (XAFS) at O K-edge. Local environment around oxygen atoms was probed and information on the distribution of the nearestneighbors was obtained. Much higher degree of local disorder than that in a bulk YBa2Cu3O7-6 sample was observed.
Dynamic and Static Flow Analysis of a Gasoline Fuel Injector

The effect of the electrical pulse width and the fuel temperature on dynamic flow and static flow rate of a gasoline fuel injector has been numerically and experimentally investigated. In numerical analysis, the physical domain covers the region from upstream of the valve seat to the injector exit. The three-dimensional unsteady Navier-Stokes equations in a curvilinear coordinate system are solved. Due to the needle movement in fuel injection, the physical domain is considered as a function of time. In the experimental study, the test stand consisting of a hydraulic system and an electrical system was designed to meet the requirements of Society of Automotive Engineers. The pulse width of 0.97--7.5 ms and the temperature of 20--100 C were used to study the pintle injector performance. Predicted dynamic flow and static flow rates show higher values at a temperature of 80 C, which are consistent with the test results.
Ultrastructure of the carposporophyte and carposporogenesis in the parasitic red alga Plocamiocolax pulvinata Setch. (Gigartinales, Plocamiaceae)

The ultrastructure of the carposporophyte and carposporogenesis is described for the parasitic red alga Plocamiocolax pulvinata Setch. After presumed fertilization the zygote nucleus is apparently transferred to the auxiliary cell which initiates gonimoblast cell production. These gonimoblast cells differentiate into storage or generative cells. Storage gonimoblast cells (SGC) are large and multinucleate, contain large quantities of starch and are located nearest the auxiliary cell, when compared to the smaller uninucleate, devoid of starch, generative gonimoblast cells (GGC) that form terminal lobes of carpospores. In addition, compressed membrane bodies and annulate lamellae are common in these cells. During carposporophyte maturation the amount of starch in the SGC's decreases and eventually the auxiliary cell, as well as SGC's, degenerate. Generative gonimoblast cells (GGC's) cleave repeatedly to form carpospores which are interconnected by small pit connections. Stage one-carpospores are recognized by their elongated shape, the formation of small
Ten years of community visioning in New Hampshire: the meaning of “success”

This research examines outcomes resulting from Community Profiles, a community visioning program facilitated by UNH Cooperative Extension in partnership with New Hampshire cities and towns. The Com...
Sorting of small infectious virus particles by flow virometry reveals distinct infectivity profiles

The nature and concentration of lipids and proteins at the surface of viruses are essential parameters for determining particle infectiveness. Historically, averaged bulk analysis of viral particles has been the primary method to quantitatively investigate these parameters, though this neglects heterogeneity within populations. Here we analyse the properties of Junin virus particles using a sensitive flow virometry assay and further sort virions while conserving their infectiveness. This method allows us to characterize the relationship between infectivity, virus size and RNA content and to compare particles secreted by Vero cells with those from physiologically relevant human primary macrophages. Our study highlights significant differences in particle infectivity according to its nature, the type of producer cells and the lipid membrane composition at the budding site. Together, our results present the flow virometry assay as a powerful and versatile tool to define virus particle profiles.
The Rabbit Placenta as an Organ of Diffusional Exchange Comparison with Other Species by Dimensional Analysis

The umbilical arteries of intact, in-situ placentas of one series of anesthetized rabbits were perfused with deoxygenated blood equilibrated with 10% or 20% acetylene and in another series with oxygenated blood without acetylene. The transfer of acetylene, and probably also of oxygen, were shown not to be limited by diffusion. Above the normal physiological rates of fetal placental flow, oxygen uptake in the fetal placental circulation did not increase appreciably with an increase in the rates of perfusion; below it, it decreased almost proportionally with a decrease in the rate of perfusion. To explore the applicability of these results to the human placenta, the experimental data were reduced to dimensionless form. It was shown that three dimensionless variables suffice to describe the characteristics of diffusional exchange in the placenta. The dimensionless diagrams were very similar for the ideal countercurrent exchanger and for the rabbit placenta but these differed from diagrams made from data published on human, sheep, cow, and monkey placentas. The authors propose the dimensionless diagram as a concise description of the passive transfer characteristics of a placenta, at least until measurements of vascular geometry, regional permeabilities and flow patterns allow the calculation of mean diffusion gradients.
The Crises of Atlantic Port Cities 1880 to 1920

The industrialization of shipping, a process which accelerated rapidly between the 1870s and 1910s, induced and accompanied dramatic changes in European and American port cities. Never before or since have so few cities on both sides of the Atlantic concentrated such a large proportion of the world's commerce. Thanks to the expansion of shipping, the great port cities of the Atlantic world acquired a significant manufacturing sector, including shipbuilding, and met the needs of their growing population for food and energy supplies. The reduction of freight rates and the expansion of shipping capacity and services brought considerable benefits to the urban economy. But the growth of shipping was also a factor in waves of migration, environmental and public health problems, traffic congestion, substandard housing, strikes, and conflict over strategies for development.
Identification and Characterization of Novel Variant Major Surface Glycoprotein Gene Families in Rat Pneumocystis carinii

The major surface glycoprotein (MSG) is an abundant, immunodominant protein on the surface of the opportunistic pathogen Pneumocystis carinii. The current study identified two novel variant MSG (vMSG) gene families in rat P. carinii that are closely related to but distinct from MSG. These gene families encode proteins of approximately 90 kDa (v1MSG) and approximately 115 kDa (v2MSG). Compared with MSG, v1MSG is characterized by a deletion near the carboxyl terminus. The predicted v1MSG and v2MSG proteins are highly homologous to MSG at the carboxyl, but not the amino, terminus. Like MSG, they are cysteine-rich. Approximately 10% of the apparent molecular weight is due to N-linked glycosylation. Southern blotting studies demonstrated that, like MSG, v1MSG and v2MSG are the products of multicopy gene families. However, unlike MSG, each vMSG gene encodes a signal peptide, suggesting that the regulation of vMSG is different from that of MSG.
Regulation of aquaporin-2 water channel trafficking by vasopressin

Vasopressin regulates water excretion from the kidney by increasing the osmotic water permeability of the renal collecting duct. The aquaporin-2 water channel has been demonstrated to be the target for this action of vasopressin. Recent studies have demonstrated that vasopressin, acting through cyclic AMP, triggers fusion of aquaporin-2-bearing vesicles with the apical plasma membrane of the collecting duct principal cells. The vesicle-targeting proteins synaptobrevin-2 and syntaxin-4 are proposed to play roles in this process.
Two distinct mechanisms target GAD67 to vesicular pathways and presynaptic clusters

The inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) is synthesized by two isoforms of the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD): GAD65 and GAD67. Whereas GAD67 is constitutively active and produces >90% of GABA in the central nervous system, GAD65 is transiently activated and augments GABA levels for rapid modulation of inhibitory neurotransmission. Hydrophobic lipid modifications of the GAD65 protein target it to Golgi membranes and synaptic vesicles in neuroendocrine cells. In contrast, the GAD67 protein remains hydrophilic but has been shown to acquire membrane association by heterodimerization with GAD65. Here, we identify a second mechanism that mediates robust membrane anchoring, axonal targeting, and presynaptic clustering of GAD67 but that is independent of GAD65. This mechanism is abolished by a leucine-103 to proline mutation that changes the conformation of the N-terminal domain but does not affect the GAD65-dependent membrane anchoring of GAD67. Thus two distinct mechanisms target the constitutively active GAD67 to presynaptic clusters to facilitate accumulation of GABA for rapid delivery into synapses.
Theory of Relativity.

You’ll be one of those people who gets used to the long hours. You’ll beat the traffic going in and coming home. Weather will not stop you. You’ll know every shade of night. You’ll know the facts and when and how to share them. You’ll take call and look like you slept in it or stepped in it. You’ll know how to get the blood out. You’ll dress wounds you couldn’t imagine, then eat lunch while walking fast. Everyone will look familiar. Kids so bald you’ll want to shave your head. Loved ones lurking outside units, clutching phones, texting hope and faith, rage and disbelief, biopsy results. Whatever room you’re in you’ll know where to find the Kleenex. You’ll know how to operate the bed, how to drive a stretcher. You’ll know every shade of soiled and won’t get used to any. You’ll wash your hands as often as you should, and more, for good luck. If you’re lucky you’ll get stuck on an elevator with housekeeping or food services or patient transportation or anyone who forever after treats you like a friend. You’ll know when and how to say you’re very welcome. You’ll make mistakes, be sorry, say it, forgive yourself last, if ever. You’ll be one of those people who finds a few minutes to just stand there or sit there as if nothing else could matter. A minute lasts an hour at the speed of indoor light.
Sensitization, pathologic, and imaging findings comparing symptomatic and quiescent failed renal allografts

Late allograft failure (LAF) is a common cause of end stage renal disease. These patients face interrelated challenges regarding immunosuppression management, risk of graft intolerance syndrome (GIS), and sensitization. This retrospective study analyzes sensitization, pathology, imaging, and transfusion requirements in 33 LAFs presenting either with GIS (22) or grafts remaining quiescent (11). All patients underwent immunosuppression weaning to discontinuation at LAF. Profound increases in sensitization were noted for all groups and occurred in the GIS group prior to transplant nephrectomy (TxN). Patients with GIS experienced a major upswing in sensitization at, or before the time of their symptomatic presentation. For both GIS and quiescent grafts, sensitization appeared to be closely linked to immunosuppression withdrawal. Most transfusion naive patients became highly sensitized. Fourteen patients in the GIS group underwent TxN which revealed grade II acute cellular rejection or worse, with grade 3 chronic active T-cell-mediated rejection. Blinded comparisons of computed tomography scan of GIS group revealed swollen allografts with fluid collections compared with the quiescent allografts (QAs), which were shrunken and atrophic. The renal volume on imaging and weight of explants nearly matched. Future studies should focus on interventions to avoid sensitization and GIS.
Theory of Intramolecular Relaxation Processes

A master equation is derived to describe internal relaxation processes in molecular systems with a relatively small number of degrees of freedom. It is an inhomogeneous equation, taking into account nondiagonal elements of the coarse‐grained density matrix which prove to be the most relevant ones for the problem under consideration. Various relaxational time scales, inherent in a molecular system, can thus be shown to exist. Relaxation mechanisms and equilibrium states on these time scales can be determined. The general character and different types of solutions of the master equation are investigated. The theory is applied to internal vibrational relaxation and intramolecular rearrangement (isomerization) reactions.
PERFORMANCE PROBLEMS OF OPEN-GRADED DRAINAGE LAYERS UNDER CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENTS IN ILLINOIS

Illinois has constructed 14 pavements that contain open-graded drainage layers (OGDLs). The pavement types include continuously reinforced concrete pavements (CRCPs), jointed pavements, and full-depth asphalt concrete pavements. Three of the CRCPs have begun to show a higher level of distress than would be expected from pavements of that cross section and age. An in-depth investigation into the cause of the distress has begun and is expected to be completed early in 1997. The investigation includes visual distress surveys, core analysis, analysis of Shelby tube samples, deflection tests, and inspection of slabs removed in patching operations. The state has placed a moratorium on the construction of new OGDLs pending the outcome of the investigation. The investigation indicates that possible causes of the problems are the incompatibility of the OGDL and CRCP, the lack of a separation layer on two of the three sections, the cement content in the OGDL, the percentage of reinforcing steel and epoxy-coating of the steel in the slab, and the design of the CRCP and shoulders. The current maintenance plan includes patching and undersealing of problem areas. No recommendations for the future use of OGDLs can be made until the investigation narrows the possible causes.
Comparison of qualitative and quantitative acoustic radiation force based elasticity imaging methods

Acoustic radiation force based elasticity imaging methods utilize focused acoustic beams to mechanically excite tissue and ultrasonic correlation based methods to monitor the dynamic response of the tissue, which reflects the underlying tissue stiffness. Both qualitative images and quantitative images can be derived depending upon the selected beam sequences and data processing algorithms. Qualitative images provide good spatial resolution and contrast, but reflect only relative differences in tissue stiffness. Quantitative measurements of tissue stiffness can be obtained by measuring the speed of propagating shear waves induced in tissue by acoustic radiation force. In homogeneous media, time-of-flight (TOF) measurements of shear wave speed (SWS) ideally are independent of the size of the region of interest (or reconstruction kernel), thus extensive averaging can be performed to improve estimate accuracy and precision. However, in heterogeneous media, shear wave morphology is altered by discontinuities in stiffness due to reflections or boundary conditions which introduce error to the measured SWS. In addition, the size of the reconstruction kernel limits the spatial resolution, or ability to precisely localize changes in stiffness. This study investigates the impact of: arrival time estimation method, shear wavelength, and reconstruction kernel size on the accuracy and spatial resolution of TOF SWS reconstruction in heterogeneous media using finite element method (FEM) simulations.
Carbonic anhydrase II and IV mRNA in rabbit nephron segments: stimulation during metabolic acidosis

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) facilitates renal bicarbonate reabsorption and acid excretion. Cytosolic CA II catalyzes the buffering of intracellular hydroxyl ions by CO2, whereas membrane-bound CA IV ca...
Diode-pumped Er3+:Y2O3 ceramic laser at ~3-µm

We report on spectroscopy and diode-pumped ~3-µm laser operation of Er3+:Y2O3 ceramic resonantly pumped into upper laser level 4I11/2. This is believed to be the first laser based on 4I11/2 ⇒ 4I13/2 transitions of Er3+ in Y2O3.
Function of PTB Domains

The Phosphotyrosine Binding (PTB) domain is one of the recently described domains involved in protein-protein interactions. This domain was initially identified in the amino-terminus of the She protein (Blaikie et al. 1994; Kavanaugh and Williams 1994; Gustafson et al. 1995) and was subsequently identified in the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) proteins (Gustafson et al. 1995; Sun et al. 1995). Through database searching it was realized that several proteins contain domains related in primary sequence to the She PTB domain (Bork and Margolis 1995). The structure of the PTB domains is described elsewhere in this volume. This review will focus on the role of the PTB domain in She and IRS-1/IRS-2 signaling and in mediating interaction between these domains and phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. We will then discuss the function of PTB domains in other proteins. In the past our group has referred to these domains as the Phosphotyrosine Interaction Domain (PID) but for simplicity we will refer to them as PTB domains in this review. In any the event the names may be misnomers because phosphotyrosine binding does not appear to be a universal function for these domains.
Law and policy on the concept of bullying at school

The nationwide effort to reduce bullying in U.S. schools can be regarded as part of larger civil and human rights movements that have provided children with many of the rights afforded to adult citizens, including protection from harm in the workplace. Many bullied children find that their schools are hostile environments, but civil rights protections against harassment apply only to children who fall into protected classes, such as racial and ethnic minorities, students with disabilities, and victims of gender harassment or religious discrimination. This article identifies the conceptual challenges that bullying poses for legal and policy efforts, reviews judicial and legislative efforts to reduce bullying, and makes some recommendations for school policy. Recognition that all children have a right to public education would be one avenue for broadening protection against bullying to all children.
Why Expertise Is Important for the Detection of Abnormal Performance The Hot Hand Strikes Back

The Sarbanes–Oxley Act emphasizes auditor and analyst independence as defining characteristics of quality financial reporting. We argue that this focus on independence may have adverse effects on auditor expertise. In particular, an independent auditor will lack firsthand knowledge regarding the construction of a client’s financial statements, knowledge that is obtained through the provision of a variety of non-audit services. This lack of firm-specific expertise introduces the potential for a bias analogous to that alleged in sports fans’ belief in the “hot hand” in athletic performance. In studies of professional sports, little evidence of serially abnormal performance has been documented by empirical researchers. As a result, many assert the absence of a hot hand in sports and conclude that athletic spectators’ beliefs and assertions thereof are not rational. We demonstrate that commonly used tests lack power specifically in the detection of abnormally elevated streaks in performance, even for large sample sizes. Importantly, in contrast to the usual non-structural (and non-parametric) approach, incorporating a structural-data-generating process dramatically enhances an observer’s ability to make the correct inference concerning the existence of a hot hand even if only a few observations are available. Of relevance to the debate regarding the (dis)advantages of independent auditors, we argue that auditor expertise regarding the underlying structure of the data-generating processes is paramount in increasing statistical power in (a) an auditor’s detection of anomalous corporate behavior and (b) inquiries by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) regarding auditor inference and potential corruption.
IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE ADVANCED HEART FAILURE THE USE OF ADAPTIVE SERVO-VENTILATION (ASV) DECREASES HEART FAILURE EVENTS: A POOLED META ANALYSIS OF 629 PATIENTS WITH CENTRAL SLEEP APNEA AND CHENEY STOKES RESPIRATION (CSA-CSR)

Approximately 30% patients with HF have CSA/CSR. Recent studies showed the benefit of CPAP use, but its response is variable in suppressing CSA/CSR. More recent, ASV has emerged for the treatment of this disorder in HF. We aimed to do a meta-analysis of ASV in decreasing HF events (cardiac death,
Serotonergic and noradrenergic sensitivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder: behavioral findings

Six of eight patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder had an exacerbation of symptoms when given m-chlorophenylpiperazine. Fenfluramine and placebo produced mild improvement. Six patients given intravenous clonidine experienced marked reduction in obsessions. Implications for serotonergic and noradrenergic hypotheses of obsessive-compulsive disorder are discussed.
402 TESTICULAR FAILURE AND LEARNING DEFICITS IN ADULT XXY MICE

Klinefelter syndrome (XXY males) is the most common sex chromosome aneuploidy, occurring in about 1.2 per 1000 liveborn male births. XXY mice, an experimental murine model, were generated by utilizing a four-generation breeding scheme that involves the use of a structurally rearranged Y chromosome, Y*. Approximately 50% of the live born male offspring in the fourth generation were XXY mice identified by karyotyping performed on cultured fibroblasts from ear-clips. To characterize testicular phenotype, groups of 7 adult (2 or 3-month-old) XXY and their littermate XY mice were studied. There were no significant differences in body weight, but testis weights of adult XXY mice (22.50±1.03 mg) were markedly decreased compared with those of the controls (81.98±4.56 mg). Serum testosterone levels were significantly (P≤0.05) decreased in XXY mice (0.26±0.08 ng/ml) as compared with their XY littermates (0.57±0.08 ng/ml). The FSH levels in XXY mice (48.63±1.37 ng/ml) were significantly increased compared with those of XY (41.10±1.54 ng/ml) controls. However, LH levels were not significantly different between XXY (0.30±0.13 ng/ml) and XY (0.13±0.07 ng/ml) mice. Testicular histology of adult XXY mice showed small seminiferous tubules with varying degree of intraepithelial vacuolization and completely devoid of germ cells. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of Leydig cells were observed in the interstitium. Interestingly, in one XXY mouse, we found a few seminiferous tubules containing zygotene and pachytene spermatocytes, but no round spermatids. Additional behavioral studies were conducted to determine whether XXY mice exhibited learning deficits. The acquisition of a Pavlovian tone-food association was assessed in groups of 7 adult (6 or 12-month-old) XXY and XY littermates. The rate of learning of the association was significantly slower in XXY mice, providing evidence for impaired medial temporal lobe function in XXY mice. We conclude that adult XXY mice have testicular failure and learning deficiencies, similar to its human counterpart, Klinefelter syndrome.
Risk Stratification Models and Predictors of Mortality in Acute Heart Failure Syndromes, Based on United States Registries

Heart failure causes considerable morbidity and mortality and produces a tremendous burden on health care systems worldwide. In the United States, heart failure resulted in 1.1 million hospitalizations and entailed an annual estimated cost of $29 to $56 billion.(1) The in-hospital mortality rates reported for acute heart failure has varied greatly, ranging from 2% to 20%. Prognosis is also reported to be very poor postdischarge; the mortality risk after acute heart failure hospitalization has been reported to be as high as 11.3% at 30 days and 33.1% at 1 year.(2) In addition, patients also face a high risk of rehospitalization. In a study of almost 18,000 Medicare recipients, approximately 44% were rehospitalized at least once in the 6 months following their index hospitalization.(3) These statistics emphasize the need for clinically practical methods of risk stratification for patients hospitalized with acute heart failure syndromes as well as the need to develop and implement more effective strategies to manage heart failure.
Studies on Agromyzidae (Diptera) from the Gangetic Basin. Part V. Descriptions of Three New Species of Phytomyza Fallen

AbstractDescriptions of three new species of Phytomyza, viz., P. fumariacea, P. nainiensis and P. cheilanthus are included in this paper.
Maternal Health Risk Assessment and Behavioral Intervention in the NICU Setting Following Very Low Birth Weight Delivery.

Objectives To investigate whether maternal health risk assessment and behavioral intervention in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) improves women’s health care seeking and health behaviors following the birth of a very low birth weight (VLBW) infant. Methods Using a quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group pretest/posttest design, 80 women who had given birth to a VLBW infant that was admitted to the NICU were enrolled into one of two cohorts: 40 into a ‘Minimal Intervention’ cohort, who received a single session risk assessment and health education pamphlets, and 40 into an ‘Enhanced Intervention’ cohort, who received five counseling sessions targeting identified risks. The proportion of women with specific health care seeking and health behaviors in the two cohorts were compared at baseline and 3- and 9-months post-intervention. Results Women in the Enhanced Intervention cohort were more likely to attend the postpartum visit (73 % vs. 48 %; p = 0.04), ingest folic acid daily (65 % vs. 19 %, p < 0.001), and correctly and consistently use a method of contraception (82 % vs. 63 %, p = 0.03) over the 9-month follow-up period. In multivariate analysis, the between-cohort differences in daily folic acid use (aOR = 3.45, 95 % CI 1.61–7.40) and correct and consistent use of a method of contraception (aOR = 1.46, 95 % CI 1.05–2.06) remained statistically significant at 9-months and the reduction in risk of unintended pregnancy nearly achieved statistical significance (aOR = 0.62, 95 % CI 0.12–1.0). Conclusions for Practice This study provides support for the implementation of maternal risk assessment and behavioral intervention in the NICU setting to promote women’s positive health care seeking and health behaviors.
Improvements in Metabolic Health with Consumption of Ellagic Acid and Subsequent Conversion into Urolithins: Evidence and Mechanisms

Ellagic acid (EA) is a naturally occurring polyphenol found in some fruits and nuts, including berries, pomegranates, grapes, and walnuts. EA has been investigated extensively because of its antiproliferative action in some cancers, along with its anti-inflammatory effects. A growing body of evidence suggests that the intake of EA is effective in attenuating obesity and ameliorating obesity-mediated metabolic complications, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis. In this review, we summarize how intake of EA regulates lipid metabolism in vitro and in vivo, and delineate the potential mechanisms of action of EA on obesity-mediated metabolic complications. We also discuss EA as an epigenetic effector, as well as a modulator of the gut microbiome, suggesting that EA may exert a broader spectrum of health benefits than has been demonstrated to date. Therefore, this review aims to suggest the potential metabolic benefits of consumption of EA-containing fruits and nuts against obesity-associated health conditions.
CRT-300.12 Iatrogenic Pseudoaneurysm Management And Treatment At A Tertiary Care Institution

To describe the management and treatment of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms (PSAs) by interventional radiology (IR) at a single institution. 50 patients with iatrogenic PSAs were identified from 2014 until 2016. Patients included 31 (62%) males and 19 (38%) females with mean age of 65 years (range: 34-
26. Laparoscopic Gastrostomy

Feeding gastrostomy is a time-honored method of nutritional support in patients with a functioning gastrointestinal tract. Laparoscopic gastrostomy is an alternative method to percutaneous placement that offers the advantage of minimally invasive technique over that of traditional open gastrostomy.
Abstract TP199: Pre-morbid Management of Atrial Fibrillation Does not Modify Short-term Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background: Atrial fibrillation (Afib) is an independent risk factor for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Studies have shown that patients with Afib on admission for AIS have poorer long-term prognoses compared to patients who do not present with pre-morbid Afib, but it is not clear whether stroke severity and outcome are associated with therapeutic anticoagulation. We aimed to determine whether patients with Afib and INR≥2.0 or who are anticoagulated prior to admission (Afib+/C+) have better outcomes following AIS compared to patients with Afib and INR Methods: Patients who presented to our center with AIS between 07/2008-07/2014 were included if pertinent past medical history, home medication status, and INR lab values were obtained at admission. Logistic regression was used to assess differences in baseline, in-hospital, and outcome variables in the Afib+/C+ and Afib+/C- groups as compared to patients with no atrial fibrillation (Afib-). The primary outcome measure was poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale > 2) on discharge. Results: A total of 1,406 cases were analyzed; 1,262 patients (89.8%) in the Afib- group, 90 patients (6.4%) in the Afib+/C- group, and 54 patients (3.8%) in the Afib+/C+ group. Afib- patients were significantly less likely to experience poor functional outcome (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.21-0.74, p Conclusions: The absence of atrial fibrillation in the setting of AIS is associated with less likelihood of poor functional outcome, but this is driven by imbalances in covariates. While therapeutic anticoagulation reduces stroke occurrence, this did not protect against higher baseline stroke severity and worse functional outcome amongst patients with Afib.
Recent Developments in Ruthenium-Catalyzed C–H Arylation: Array of Mechanistic Manifolds

Functionalized biaryl-containing motifs are among the most valuable synthetic scaffolds in organic chemistry with wide ranging commercial applications in pharmaceuticals, functional materials, and agrochemicals. Recently, there has been tremendous progress in the development of methods for functional-group-tolerant, cost-effective, and atom-economic ruthenium-catalyzed C–H arylation, providing attractive catalytic alternatives to traditional C–H functionalization and cross-coupling approaches. New ruthenium-catalyzed C–H arylation reactions have resulted in the development of attractive and highly efficient synthetic approaches to functionalized biaryls unavailable by other methods. New mechanistic manifolds have emerged, thus opening prospects for the development of a broad range of novel reactions. Strategies for the use of ruthenium catalysis in complex synthesis, including industrial applications, have been reported, validating the synthetic potential of this mode of reactivity. The development of new...
Nanoformulation and characterization of nomilin with different poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) resomers and surfactants for the enhanced inhibition of α-amylase and angiotensin-converting-enzyme

Abstract To overcome the solubility and bioavailability challenges of nomilin, we have formulated and characterized a nanoparticle-based delivery system. Nomilin nanoparticles were prepared with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) resomers of different co-polymer composition and molecular weights with two surfactant, didodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DMAB) and pluronic F-68 (PF-68) at three nomilin loading levels (30%, 40% and 50%) through modified emulsion diffusion evaporation technique. The smallest mean particle sizes, 135–188 nm, were obtained with DMAB as the surfactant. The PLGA (50:50) polymer exhibited a slow release pattern in all loading levels, except 40% loading with PF-68. Significantly higher in vitro inhibition of α-amylase and angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was observed with nomilin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles as compared to pure nomilin. Thus, nomilin nanoparticles can be explored for understanding the various biological properties using in vivo studies.
P228 Affordable automation for small and intermediate size laboratories

Aim Laboratory automation increases test reproducibility and decreases errors. Many laboratories are excluded from automation due to cost, space, automation expertise, and/or low sample number. Open source software and hardware were utilized to build a system, which overcomes these obstacles. The aim is to build an affordable automation platform and demonstrate the capabilities. Methods Various open source software and hardware components as well as custom machined and 3D printed parts were used to build the MVO (Minimal Viable Option) automation platform. The MVO has an on-deck commercial shaker, magnets, and a unique electromagnet system for moving plates. Four commercial (Rainin 300 μl) pipette plungers with disposable tips are used for liquid transfer. Illumina’s TruSight HLA NGS post-PCR procedure purifies HLA PCR amplicons from primer dimers and excess PCR components. Three samples and NODNA controls were amplified with 8 reactions encompassing 11 HLA loci. Post-PCR purification procedures were performed on the MVO and a commercial automation platform (Hamilton’s Nimbus). Post-PCR amplicons, MVO purified products, and commercial automation purified products were compared by ethidium bromide stained agarose gels. Results The MVO shaker on/off, plate movements, tip pickup/ejection, incubations, and aspirate/dispense commands and parameters functioned as expected. Primer dimer and excess PCR components were removed using the MVO and were comparable to the commercial automated system. Conclusions The MVO is a preprogrammed solution with specifications and capabilities necessary to perform many laboratory procedures. The MVO is a viable automation option for small and intermediate size laboratories. Download : Download high-res image (167KB) Download : Download full-size image Download : Download high-res image (175KB) Download : Download full-size image
Emerging Evidence from Research That Can Improve Social Policies and Programs to Impact Child Health

In this chapter I outline three emerging ideas from research that have implications for policies and programs that aim to promote child health. These ideas have relevance for a range of investments in child health, including the work–family policies and practices discussed by Berkman and O’Donnell (Chap. 12). The first is a growing body of evidence that psychological health, in addition to physical health, in childhood is associated with long-term outcomes and that the relationship between childhood psychological well-being and adult outcomes is sizeable. The second emerging research finding discussed in this chapter is mounting evidence related to the implementation and effectiveness of policies that aim to promote child health by affecting parents’ human capital and family processes. The third issue that this chapter highlights is that research evidence can be put to better use by helping decision makers build a portfolio of effective approaches rather than using research to make one “best” choice off the menu of options.
Military applications: Development of superomniphobic coatings, textiles and surfaces

This chapter introduces Army needs for self-cleaning and enhanced chemical and biological protective clothing, and explains omniphobic coatings. Discussion covers omniphobic-coated textiles and hard surfaces, material concepts, industrial coating applications, the impact of surface structures on coating performances, which includes surface chemistry and morphologies, fabric structures and reentrant fibre structures. Performance goals, test methods and assessments covering surface properties, physical properties, personal comfort properties and chemical barrier properties are included. Army efforts include developmental and commercial omniphobic coating technologies that the US Army Natick Soldier Research, Development, and Engineering Center (NSRDEC) has been investigating along with their benefits to the military as well as potential civilian applications. Objectives addressed include durability and military requirements to protect soldiers from being wet, and protected when carrying out their missions in chemical and biological contaminated environments. Discussions on future technologies and ongoing efforts at NSRDEC are also discussed. Selective findings from Army-funded research studies that explain how fabric structures influence resistance to liquid wetting and liquid wet-through (or liquid robustness) are included. Graphical illustrations and microscopy show the fibre structures that offer an additional reentrant level, where reentrant fibre-based fabrics showed an increased resistance to liquid wetting as compared to current fabrics comprised of other shaped fibres such as round fibres. Processes to modify fibre surfaces using coatings containing nanoparticles on/or reentrant fibres, fibre and/or fabric geometries and the resulting fabric weave structure to obtain increased liquid nonwetting properties are discussed.