cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A platform and analytics for usage and entitlement analytics

As illustrated by recent high-profile cases such as WikiLeaks and Snowden, information exfiltration is one of the key motivations for cyber-attacks. In this paper, we describe our approach to detect misuse of authorizations by insiders based on detection of anomalous user activity. Our system is based on novel machine learning algorithms to build multidimensional user profiles, which are then used to alert administrators upon detection of significant deviation in a user's behavior. Key.components to our profiling are generative models of user activity, which are intended to produce the best probabilistic model to explain observed activity. We have deployed these models on a range of applications such as monitoring access to source code repositories, security subsystem activity in mainframe systems, web application logs, and other proprietary applications. Extensive testing of our system with more than six years of user activity, and multiple red-teaming exercises have enabled us to tune our analytics to produce accurate results with very low false positive rates. Our analytic models are currently in use today to monitor a number of sensitive assets within IBM.
Silicon-based THz signal generation with multiphase subharmonic injection-locking oscillators

This chapter presents a multiphase injection-locking (IL) technique and its application in the locking range extension in multiphase injection-locking oscillators (ILOs) for terahertz (THz) signal generation. The proposed technique can significantly increase the frequency locking range of a multiphase ILO compared to the conventional single-phase IL scheme. Based on the multiphase IL technique and subharmonic ILOs, an “active frequency multiplier chain” architecture and a multiring system layout topology are also proposed to achieve scalable THz signal generation. As proof of concept, a cascaded three-stage, three-phase second-order subharmonic ILO chain is implemented in the IBM 9HP SiGe BiCMOS process. The design achieves a maximum output power of –16.6 dBm at 498 GHz, a phase noise of –87 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, and a total 5.1% frequency tuning range from 485.1 to 510.7 GHz, which is the largest frequency tuning range among all the reported silicon-based THz oscillator sources in the 0.5-THz band.
Human Rights: Its Meaning and Practice in Social Work Field Settings

The goal of the study reported in this article was to explore the conceptualizations of human rights and human rights practice among students and supervisors in social work field settings. Data were collected from 35 students and 48 supervisors through an online survey system that featured two open-ended questions regarding human rights issues in their agency and human rights practice tasks. Responses suggest that participants encountered human rights issues related to poverty, discrimination, participation/self-determination/autonomy, violence, dignity/respect, privacy, and freedom/liberty. They saw human rights practice as encompassing advocacy, service provision, assessment, awareness of threats to clients' rights, and the nature of the worker-client relationship. These results have implications for the social work profession, which has an opportunity to focus more intently on change efforts that support clients' rights. The study points to the possibilities of expanding the scope of the human rights competency within social work education and addressing the key human rights issues in field education.
Blogs as Elusive Ethnographic Texts: Methodological and Ethical Challenges in Qualitative Online Research

Burgeoning online environments offer completely new opportunities for ethnographic and other forms of qualitative research. Yet there are no clear standards for how we study online texts from an ethnographic perspective. In this article, we identify barriers to the application of traditional qualitative methods online, using the example of a systematic thematic analysis of weight-loss blogs. These barriers include the influence of the technology structuring online content, the fluid nature of online texts such as blogs, and the highly connected and public nature of online identities, which may span multiple social media platforms. We discuss some potential approaches to addressing these challenges as preliminary steps toward developing a tool kit suited to ethical, high-quality online modes of ethnographic research.
An Examination of the Convergence of Online Panel Data and Conventionally Sourced Data

Samples drawn from commercial online panel data (OPD) are becoming more prevalent in applied psychology and management research, but they remain controversial due to concerns with data quality. In ...
General Synthetic Method for Si-Fluoresceins and Si-Rhodamines

The century-old fluoresceins and rhodamines persist as flexible scaffolds for fluorescent and fluorogenic compounds. Extensive exploration of these xanthene dyes has yielded general structure–activity relationships where the development of new probes is limited only by imagination and organic chemistry. In particular, replacement of the xanthene oxygen with silicon has resulted in new red-shifted Si-fluoresceins and Si-rhodamines, whose high brightness and photostability enable advanced imaging experiments. Nevertheless, efforts to tune the chemical and spectral properties of these dyes have been hindered by difficult synthetic routes. Here, we report a general strategy for the efficient preparation of Si-fluoresceins and Si-rhodamines from readily synthesized bis(2-bromophenyl)silane intermediates. These dibromides undergo metal/bromide exchange to give bis-aryllithium or bis(aryl Grignard) intermediates, which can then add to anhydride or ester electrophiles to afford a variety of Si-xanthenes. This str...
Second Language Learning as Mode-Switching

Second language learning involves the process of learner’s active manipulations and full automaticity of the linguistic and pragmatic information the learners receive in learning process. When people learn a second language, they also adopt the sociocultural framework of the new language. This framework, which produces various types of cognitive and sociocultural orientation, is called a linguistic mode. Song argues that if social relation/context changes, people employ a different linguistic and pragmatic mode to adapt the new social expectation. Thus, learning a second language requires the understanding of different speaking norms, linguistic values, and the rules of grammar. This is reason Song argues that second language learning is a manifestation of mode-switching toward the given sociocultural backgrounds.
Quality matters: immunotherapy and the evolving landscape of advanced cancer care

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Immunotherapy has been FDA approved in several first line and many more second line settings in patients with advanced cancer. While only a subset of patients derive benefit from checkpoint blockade, the potential for durable responses and tolerable adverse effects make it an appealing option. Patient quality of life on the therapy is a particularly important consideration given its therapeutic intent is non-curative.Areas covered: The primary focus of this review is exploring studies which led to the approval of checkpoint inhibitors in a variety of tumor types, with a specific emphasis on studies looking at patient related outcomes (PRO). The latter part of the review focuses on identification and management of unique immune related toxicities.Expert commentary: PROs are improved with immunotherapy compared to chemotherapy largely by reducing functional decline and impacting global health less negatively in patients. There remain numerous questions about checkpoint inhibitors inclu...
Abstract 18025: No Improvement in Outcomes for Adults With Congenital Heart Disease Listed for Heart Transplantation at the Lowest Priority Status in the United States 1986 - 2014

Introduction: Advances in medical therapy have improved survival for patients with chronic heart failure (HF), including those listed at low priority for heart transplantation. Adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD/CHD) are at risk of heart failure as they age but, unlike in those without CHD, there are no disease-specific evidence based medical therapies. Hypothesis: The probability of adverse outcomes (death or delisting due to clinical worsening) for ACHD listed at status 2 did not improve over time, in contrast to the trend for patients without CHD. Methods: This was a retrospective study that used the Scientific Registry for Transplant Recipients database on participants ≥ 18 years old listed for heart transplantation in the United States between 1986 and 2014. Cumulative incidence functions were used to estimate 1-year probability of death or delisting due to clinical worsening, with transplantation as a competing outcome. Results: Among ACHD heart transplantation candidates, there were 359 and 1,290 listed before and after 1999; this figure was 22,110 and 38,557 for non-ACHD, respectively. There was improvement in the probability of the primary outcome in the current compared to the early era for both ACHD (13.2% vs. 18.6%, p=0.01) and non-ACHD (12.1% vs. 15.9%, p Conclusions: Despite advances in care for patients without CHD, there has been no improvement in adverse outcomes for ACHD patients listed for heart transplantation as status 2. Absence of proven medical therapy for chronic HF in ACHD likely explains these findings. Risk stratification is challenging in the absence of data on prognostic markers in this seemingly, but perhaps misleadingly, more stable group of patients.
Outcome of twin, triplet, and quadruplet in vitro fertilization pregnancies: the Norfolk experience.

Objective To review the maternal morbidity and neonatal morbidity and mortality associated with in vitro fertilization (IVF) multiple pregnancies. Design Retrospective analysis of data collected from office and hospital records and from questionnaires sent to patients, their obstetricians, and pediatricians. Setting Patients (all with private insurance carriers) enrolled in an academic IVF program (The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine). Patients, Participants All IVF pregnancies resulting in one or more gestational sacs on the initial ultrasound at 6 to 7weeks were reviewed. Main Outcome Measures The frequency and severity of obstetrical and neonatal complications and the perinatal mortality of IVF twins, triplets, and quadruplets were compared. These were also compared with non-IVF multiple pregnancies. Results From 1982 to 1990, 629 IVF pregnancies progressed beyond 20weeks; 115 twins (18.3%), 15 triplets (2.4%), and 4 quadruplets (0.6%). There was a high incidence of antenatal complications such as abortions (30.3%, 42%, and 20%), premature labor (41.5%, 92.3%, and 75%), pregnancy-induced hypertension (17.0%, 38.6%, and 50%), and gestational diabetes mellitus (3.1%, 38.5%, and 25%) for twins, triplets, and quadruplets, respectively. The mean gestational age at delivery was 35.5±3.7, 31.8±2.7, and 31.0±1.7weeks, respectively. There was also a proportionate progressive increase in neonatal complications. The mean weights were 2,473±745, 1,666±441 and 1,414±368g, respectively. Twins (22.7%), 64.1% of triplets, and 75% of quadruplets needed admission to the neonatal intensive care unit and remained for an average of 12.0±2.3, 17.4±14.0, and 57.8±17.9days, respectively. There was no difference in the mean Apgar scores or the incidence of congenital malformations in the three groups. The corrected perinatal mortality rates were 38.5, 0.0, and 0.0 per thousand live births, respectively. Conclusion Triplet and quadruplet IVF pregnancies have increased obstetrical and neonatal complications compared with IVF twins. The perinatal mortality and the incidence of congenital malformations are, however, comparable in all three groups.
Effects of Dietary Fat on Eicosanoid Production in Normal Tissues

To assess the relationship between dietary fat and eicosanoid functions, it is necessary to review briefly the general effects of deprivation of essential fatty acids. Availability of sufficient linoleate (18∶2n−6) and alpha-linolenate (18∶3n−3) in the diet and storage of an abundant supply in adipose tissue was considered to be ubiquitous in the human population until some 20 years ago. At that time the introduction of total parenteral alimentation created situations which revealed the fallacy of assuming that if there were fat stores there was no need to consider fatty acid status. The absolute requirement for linoleate for infants was demonstrated (1,2) and the inability to use fat stores under various treatment regimens was made clear. Adults receiving hypertonic glucose and amino acids developed essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) symptoms within days (3,4). Furthermore, newborns were shown to be marginally deficient at birth and, without lipid alimentation, rapidly developed biochemical evidence of EFAD (5). The metabolic pathways involved and interpretation of the biochemical lesions are fully described in other publications (6,7).
Pleistocene Glaciation in Ethiopia: New Evidence

Geomorphological evigernce indicates that Mount Badda, Ethiopia, had a Pleistocene ice cap of at least 140 km2. Altituger of the snow line was probably about 4 000 m, only 350 m below the summit, suggesting that glaciation occurred during the Wurm glacial maximum.
Laws to Protect Diverse Employees

Although a diverse working environment can produce an efficient workflow, employees are not always treated fairly based on these diversities. Laws were established in 1963 to protect workers from unfair treatment by employers and coworkers. Since that time, laws have been added and amended to parallel changes in society and technology, from equal pay and equality based on sex, race, and religion, to genetic nondiscrimination. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission supports these laws and can sue employers when the complaints of diverse workers do not solve problems they face in the workplace. It is vital that employees understand their rights and that employers strictly follow these laws that require them to treat workers with fairness. ABBREVIATIONS:EEOC - Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, UPS - United Parcel Service, ADEA - Age Discrimination in Employment Act, IRCA - Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, GINA - Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008
Effects of Repeated Applications of Roundup Pro® Over the Top of Container-Grown Nursery Crops

Three experiments studying the effects of repeated over-the-top applications of Roundup Pro® to container-grown nursery crops were conducted. Plants in 3.8 liter (1 gal) containers were treated wit...
Relational Geospatial Technologies: Background Theory, Practical Example and Needs in Education

In geography and cartography categories, “space” and “time” are considered not only as the main but also influencing the structure and essence of spatial information displayed in cartographic works. The complexity of understanding and displaying certain entities of space predetermines the need to form a special viewpoint, recognizing long-time existence of its substantive and relational understandings. In the authors’ opinion, first of all modern cartography should pay much more attention to the relational interacting processes between the space entities, which will improve the objectivity in its modeling and visualization. The features of the relational space are modeled today by geospatial information systems, which are often integrated systems. Examples of such systems are modern National or thematic atlases that correspond to “large” relational spaces. Thus, National atlases model relational spaces throughout the country and, as a rule, integrate with the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) and some other systems. The work consists of three parts: theoretical, practical, and which are shortly applied to education. In the theoretical part, inter-system and intra-system relations are considered. They exist and are repeated in all modern models of relational spaces. The main types of such relations are epistemological, transformational, and evolutional. A well-known example of evolutional relation is the evolution of the atlas base maps of the Web 1.0 formation into the geo-/carto-platforms of the Web 2.0 formation. An example of the latter is OpenStreetMap. Examples of relational geospatial technologies, realizing theoretical results, are examined in the practical part. They were used for the first time in the electronic “Atlas of natural, technogenic, social hazards and risks of emergencies in Ukraine” (AtlasES). In the last part, it is shown how theoretical and practical results can be used in geography and cartography education.
Classification and Categorization Procedures

In many instances, especially when dealing with biologically relevant stimuli such as communication signals, it is desirable to determine whether a subject treats a particular test stimulus as being equivalent to a set of other stimuli that may differ from the test stimulus along multiple dimensions. Specialized procedures such as those described in this chapter can be used to train subjects to report when a novel stimulus is perceived as a member of a particular stimulus category. These techniques can provide a better understanding of the ways in which real-life auditory stimuli are perceived and processed by the auditory system.
Title VII Disparate Impact Liability Makes Almost Everything Presumptively Illegal

Title VII disparate impact liability makes almost everything presumptively illegal: It gives the federal bureaucracy extraordinary discretionary power. But what does it do to the rule of law? And who benefits? * * * * *“ In Griggs v. Duke Power Co. (1971), the Supreme Court held that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 went far beyond prohibiting intentional discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. According to the Court, it also presumptively outlawed job actions that have a “disparate impact,” regardless of whether the employer had an intent to discriminate. The evidence that this was a misinterpretation of both the text and Congressional intent is overwhelming. Up until 1991, Griggs would have been an excellent candidate for an outright and explicit overruling. But the Civil Rights Act of 1991’s backhanded recognition of the disparate impact cause of action makes that more difficult than it otherwise might be. This article discusses various ways in which disparate impact liability has been bad policy and various arguments for its unconstitutionality.
Modification of the Fetal Profile Line to Measure Reversal of Forehead Slope after Early Repair of Frontoethmoidal Encephalocele

Objective Congenital frontoethmoidal encephaloceles are associated with a shallow sloping forehead. We (1) sought to determine if early repair reverses abnormal forehead slope, and (2) assessed a modification of the fetal profile (FP) line to assess results. Design Study of two cases. Participants Newborns with frontoethmoidal encephaloceles repaired prior to the age of 4 months with cranial base bone grafting. Main Outcome Measures Forehead slope was assessed using a modification of the FP line, defined as the line that passes through the anterior border of the mandible and nasion, on pre and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the midsagittal plane. A modified FP (mFP) line anterior to the forehead was " - ", while a posterior (normal) mFP line was " + ." The largest distance from the mFP line to the forehead was measured. Results Both infants underwent bifrontal craniotomy, excision of encephalocele, and repair of cribriform plate defect using full-thickness autologous parietal bone before the age of 4 months. Preoperatively, the mFP line was -20.6 mm in case 1, and -9.8 mm in case 2. In both cases, follow-up MRI showed excellent reversal of forehead slope and normal calvarium development. The mFP line improved to +7.4 (age = 16 months) in case 1, and +7.6 (age = 11 months) in case 2. The parietal bone donor site ossified completely within 3 months in both cases. Conclusion Early repair with bone grafting can promote normal frontal bone development and improve forehead slope. The mFP line is a useful method to measure degree of forehead slope.
NLR-Annotator: A Tool for De Novo Annotation of Intracellular Immune Receptor Repertoire.

Nucleotide-binding domain Leu-rich repeat (NLR) proteins serve as intracellular immune receptors in plants to recognize different types of effectors delivered by pathogens from all kingdoms. NLR genes form the largest plant-disease–resistance gene family. NLR proteins share conserved NB-ARC
Setting socially mediated engagement parameters: A topic modeling and text analytic approach to examining polarized discourses on Gillette’s campaign

Abstract Opinions on social and political issues can be easily polarized in socially mediated contexts. Using an inductive topic modeling and text analytical approach, the study analyzes more than 100,000 original tweets on polarized discussions on Gillette’s controversial campaign addressing toxic masculinity. Results suggest that influencers serve as ideological hyper-prototypes that attract significant attention equally from supporters and detractors, while hashtags and users’ reference of current events span the conversations across multiple contexts. Study results also indicate that horizontal information cascades from external ideologically centered sources that serve users’ identity and ideological signaling are a potential contributor of discourse polarization. Based on the study results, an identity- and representation-based approach to understanding socially mediated discourses is proposed, and four parameters of socially mediated engagement identified to further theorize engagement for public relations research in digital contexts.
Inhibition in developmental disorders: A comparison of inhibition profiles between children with autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and comorbid symptom presentation.

Thirty to 80% of children with autism spectrum disorder also have symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Many children with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivi...
Using the Oxytosis/Ferroptosis Pathway to Understand and Treat Age-Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases

Oxytosis was first described over 30 years ago in nerve cells as a non-excitotoxic pathway for glutamate-induced cell death. The key steps of oxytosis, including glutathione depletion, lipoxygenase activation, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and calcium influx, were identified using a combination of chemical and genetic tools. A pathway with the same characteristics as oxytosis was identified in transformed fibroblasts in 2012 and named ferroptosis. Importantly, the pathophysiological changes seen in oxytosis and ferroptosis are also observed in multiple neurodegenerative diseases as well as in the aging brain. This led to the hypothesis that this pathway could be used as a screening tool to identify novel drug candidates for the treatment of multiple age-associated neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using this approach, we have identified several AD drug candidates, one of which is now in clinical trials, as well as new target pathways for AD.
Managing Disruptive Technology: Internet Banking Ventures for Traditional Banks

This study examines the perception of the nature of technological change for Internet Banking by proposing and testing a model of the strategic management of online banking by traditional banks. Specifically, this empirical study uses a stratified sample of the FDIC database to address how perception of the technology and the environmental context (knowledge of cause-effect relations and crystallized outcome standards) impact internal and external constituency relationships (including social norms, staffing, and technology) and therefore the type of strategic control systems employed (input, output, and behavioral control systems). From a survey of 103 banking unit managers (both Internet and traditional branches) from 65 different banks, the study revealed that Internet banking showed a greater connection to external norms and values and a reduced connection to internal (corporate) technology compared to traditional banking. Further, degree and speed of disruptiveness had the opposite effect on crystallized standards, while both were associated with a greater utilization of input control systems. Clearly, uncertainty and rapidness of technological change have different impacts upon environmental perception and strategic management decisions. The study has important implications for bank managers pursuing the development of Internet Banking.
Specialized neurons in the right habenula mediate response to aversive olfactory cues

Abstract Hemispheric specializations are well studied at the functional level but less is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. We identified a small cluster of cholinergic neurons in the right dorsal habenula (dHb) of zebrafish, defined by their expression of the lecithin retinol acyltransferase domain containing 2a (lratd2a) gene and their efferent connections with a subregion of the ventral interpeduncular nucleus (vIPN). The unilateral lratd2a-expressing neurons are innervated by a subset of mitral cells from both the left and right olfactory bulb and are activated upon exposure of adult zebrafish to the aversive odorant cadaverine that provokes avoidance behavior. Using an intersectional strategy to drive expression of the botulinum neurotoxin specifically in these neurons, we find that adults no longer show protracted avoidance to cadaverine. Mutants with left-isomerized dHb that lack these neurons are less repelled by cadaverine and their behavioral response to alarm substance, a potent aversive cue, is diminished. However mutants in which both dHb have right identity appear more reactive to alarm substance. The results implicate an asymmetric dHb-vIPN neural circuit in processing of aversive olfactory cues and modulating resultant behavioral responses.
Localizing Discussions of Climate Change Effects May Not Increase Students' Willingness to Engage in Pro-Environmental Behavior

While acceptance of the reality of climate change is rising among the U.S. population, there still exists an inconsistent willingness of individuals to engage in pro-environmental behaviors (WPEB) to mitigate anthropogenic drivers of warming. Decreasing the temporal and spatial psychological distance between the adverse effects of climate change and students' home communities is one proposed approach that environmental science teachers can take to motivate students to take up attitudes to engage in pro-environmental action. This study used data from a large public survey of Americans' perceptions of climate change to better understand whether existing conceptions of the distance of the effects of climate change affects self-reported WPEB. Two ordinal logistic regression models were constructed to compare temporal distance of effects and spatial distance of effects respectively to the WPEB construct. Both models showed the inverse of the expected relationship, where participants who perceived the effects of climate change as more psychologically distant displayed a greater WPEB. These finding suggest that localizing discussions of climate change alone may not be sufficient to increase students' WPEB.
The State of Community Civic Discourse, According to Michigan’s Local Government Leaders

This report presents the opinions of Michigan’s local government leaders regarding the state of public discourse in their communities, including how constructive or divisive it is among citizens, between citizens and elected officials, and among the local officials within the jurisdiction’s government. These findings are based on statewide surveys of local government leaders in the Spring 2018 and Fall 2012 waves of the Michigan Public Policy Survey (MPPS).
Alpha Particles Trapped in the Earth’s Magnetic Field

The study of geomagnetically trapped α-particles, unlike other charged particle constituents of the radiation belts, has had a comparatively short history. The first comprehensive results were presented two years ago at the preceding Advanced Study Institute (McCormac, 1968) and the emphasis was on the validity of the experimental method as well as the physical significance of the results. Since that time, other experimenters have confirmed and expanded the initial results (Paulikas and Blake, 1968; Fritz and Krimigis, 1969) and now a comprehensive study of the absolute intensities, spatial and angular distributions, energy spectra, and time variations is under way. All of these studies, however, are limited by the difficulty of making reliable experimental measurements with adequate time resolution, so that meaningful experimental results may be obtained.
Efficient Gene Disruption in Cultured Primary Human Endothelial Cells by CRISPR/Cas9

Rationale: The participation of endothelial cells (EC) in many physiological and pathological processes is widely modeled using human EC cultures, but genetic manipulation of these untransformed cells has been technically challenging. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 nuclease (Cas9) technology offers a promising new approach. However, mutagenized cultured cells require cloning to yield homogeneous populations, and the limited replicative lifespan of well-differentiated human EC presents a barrier for doing so. Objective: To create a simple but highly efficient method using CRISPR/Cas9 to generate biallelic gene disruption in untransformed human EC. Methods and Results: To demonstrate proof-of-principle, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to disrupt the gene for the class II transactivator. We used endothelial colony forming cell–derived EC and lentiviral vectors to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 elements to ablate EC expression of class II major histocompatibility complex molecules and with it, the capacity to activate allogeneic CD4 + T cells. We show the observed loss-of-function arises from biallelic gene disruption in class II transactivator that leaves other essential properties of the cells intact, including self-assembly into blood vessels in vivo, and that the altered phenotype can be rescued by reintroduction of class II transactivator expression. Conclusions: CRISPR/Cas9-modified human EC provides a powerful platform for vascular research and for regenerative medicine/tissue engineering.
Review: in vitro microvessel models

A wide range of perfusable microvessel models have been developed, exploiting advances in microfabrication, microfluidics, biomaterials, stem cell technology, and tissue engineering. These models vary in complexity and physiological relevance, but provide a diverse tool kit for the study of vascular phenomena and methods to vascularize artificial organs. Here we review the state-of-the-art in perfusable microvessel models, summarizing the different fabrication methods and highlighting advantages and limitations.
A novel online measurement technique for AC impedance of batteries and other electrochemical systems

Traditional impedance measurement techniques rely heavily on taking voltage measurements to obtain the internal impedance of batteries. Because of the very low impedance, voltage output signals will be very low as well. These voltage sources require high gain amplification and, with the combination of low volt signals and low input impedance to the amplifier, there is a high susceptibility to noise and EMI. Also, sensitivity of the measurement is directly related to the impedance of the battery. As battery cells get larger and larger, the internal impedance gets smaller and smaller. The voltage measurements in turn get smaller as well as reducing the sensitivity of the measuring circuit. Increasing the input current is one way of improving the output signal but this would require moving from amps to tens of amps of current to drive the circuit. Frequently occurring online measurements at such high current not only puts a higher power requirement on the circuit but injects more energy into the battery. This potentially contributes to heating and disrupting normal cell reactions and in turn distorts the measurement accuracy. The technique presented in this paper uses only current measurements and very low excitation current (patent pending). A description of the technique is given and compared to other common configurations. Experimental data was collected using the novel circuit design along with the 4-wire method. This data was collected from two different battery sizes and chemistries (lead-acid, nickel-cadmium). Different tests were conducted: in the presents of EMI, offline, and online under various loading conditions.
An Empirical Validation Study of Popular Survey Methodologies for Sensitive Questions

When studying sensitive issues, including corruption, prejudice, and sexual behavior, researchers have increasingly relied upon indirect questioning techniques to mitigate such known problems of direct survey questions as underreporting and nonresponse. However, there have been surprisingly few empirical validation studies of these indirect techniques because the information required to verify the resulting estimates is often difficult to access. This article reports findings from the first comprehensive validation study of indirect methods. We estimate whether people voted for an anti-abortion referendum held during the 2011 Mississippi General Election using direct questioning and three popular indirect methods: list experiment, endorsement experiment, and randomized response. We then validate these estimates against the official election outcome. While direct questioning leads to significant underestimation of sensitive votes against the referendum, indirect survey techniques yield estimates much closer to the actual vote count, with endorsement experiment and randomized response yielding the least bias.
Membrane-Free Battery for Harvesting Low-Grade Thermal Energy

Efficient and low-cost systems are desired to harvest the tremendous amount of energy stored in low-grade heat sources (<100 °C). An attractive approach is the thermally regenerative electrochemical cycle (TREC), which uses the dependence of electrode potential on temperature to construct a thermodynamic cycle for direct heat-to-electricity conversion. By varying the temperature, an electrochemical cell is charged at a lower voltage than discharged; thus, thermal energy is converted to electricity. Recently, a Prussian blue analog-based system with high efficiency has been demonstrated. However, the use of an ion-selective membrane in this system raises concerns about the overall cost, which is crucial for waste heat harvesting. Here, we report on a new membrane-free battery with a nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) cathode and a silver/silver chloride anode. The system has a temperature coefficient of -0.74 mV K(-1). When the battery is discharged at 15 °C and recharged at 55 °C, thermal-to-electricity conversion efficiencies of 2.6% and 3.5% are achieved with assumed heat recuperation of 50% and 70%, respctively. This work opens new opportunities for using membrane-free electrochemical systems to harvest waste heat.
His soul's decree: Poems (1817) and keats's poetic autobiography

(1981). His soul's decree: Poems (1817) and keats's poetic autobiography. English Studies: Vol. 62, No. 4, pp. 324-334.
Cooked Chicken Breast Meat Conditions Related to Simulated Pink Defect

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to determine the effect of modified in situ conditions on the pink defect in chicken breast meat. Processing plant and replications had no significant effect on the simulation study. Simulation of the pink defect (based on subjective pink threshold) was achieved both with and without sodium nitrite. Simulated pink defect was significantly affected by lightness of raw muscles, increased pH, and decreased oxidation-reduction potential. The results of this study can lead to establishing a pink threshold for the poultry industry and developing alternate processing methods to eliminate any pink defect.
Artifacts in T1ρ-weighted imaging: correction with a self-compensating spin-locking pulse

Abstract Significant artifacts arise in T 1 ρ -weighted imaging when nutation angles suffer small deviations from their expected values. These artifacts vary with spin-locking time and amplitude, severely limiting attempts to perform quantitative imaging or measurement of T 1 ρ relaxation times. A theoretical model explaining the origin of these artifacts is presented in the context of a T 1 ρ -prepared fast spin-echo imaging sequence. Experimentally obtained artifacts are compared to those predicted by theory and related to B 1 inhomogeneity. Finally, a “self-compensating” spin-locking preparatory pulse cluster is presented, in which the second half of the spin-locking pulse is phase-shifted by 180°. Use of this pulse sequence maintains relatively uniform signal intensity despite large variations in flip angle, greatly reducing artifacts in T 1 ρ -weighted imaging.
Cu-Ni alloy formation by reduction in hydrogen of a polyheterometallic complex

Reduction chimique des composes (Cu,Ni)NO 3 , (Cu,Ni)Cl et (Cu,Ni) complexe pour realiser des alliages CuNi. Influence de la temperature, des flux d'hydrogene et d'argon sur le rendement de la reaction chimique
A cognitive‐physiological model of speech anxiety

In the present study, a model of speech anxiety derived from Stanley Schachter's cognitive‐physiological formulation of emotion is postulated. According to Schachter, extreme levels of specific emotional response are contingent upon the presence of physiological activation along with an interpretation of the arousal which seems appropriate to the person experiencing it. Applied to speech anxiety, communicator predisposition to interpret arousal, in communication contexts, as anxiety is operationally defined as PRCA scores while heart rate serves as the measure of physiological arousal. These two predictor variables accounted for 79.60 percent of the variance in self‐reported speech state anxiety experienced during public speaking, thereby providing support for a Schachterian model of speech anxiety.
Characteristics of 61 Mexican American Adolescents Who Attempted Suicide

A total of 61 Mexican American adolescents who were consecutively admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit after a suicide attempt were studied. They were given structured interviews to study thei...
Conservation abilities in middle-aged and elderly adults.

The conservation abilities of middle-aged and elderly adults were compared. The design was a 3 (noninstitutionalized middle-aged, noninstitutionalized elderly, and institutionalized elderly) × 2 (m...
Facilitation of memory and cognition by drugs

Abstract George Heise surveys the experimental research with animals on three groups of compounds — cholinergics, nootropics, and neuromodulators — that facilitate memory and cognition in animals, with emphasis on the adequacy and logic of ‘animal models’ of normal or deficient human performance that underlie the research. Although there are compounds that dramatically improve performance in animals, the beneficial effects of these compounds on human memory or cognitive performance, while sometimes statistically significant, have been small and of questionable clinical relevance. No clearly effective ‘reference’ compound has as yet been discovered. He makes suggestions for redirecting the animal research towards more effective models.
Magic in the Web of it.

During a rural medicine clerkship, a medical student encounters a surprising link to her past.
MONSTERS OF THE MIND: NONSENSE POETRY AND ART PSYCHOTHERAPY'

It has been observed that participants involved in creative workshops, expressing their feelings in nonverbal media, have often been spontaneously stimulated to produce “therapeutic poems” as well, “as if the non-verbal creative energy released in the art experience had overflowed into the verbal form of poetic expression” (Leedy & Rapp, 1973). Conversely, it can happen that poetry will move its readers to the production of highly original “therapeutic” works of art. I define therapeutic art as that which gives its creator a sense of satisfaction, preferably through an expression, understanding and even resolution of his previously unconfronted emotional conflicts. Such conflicts tend to nest deep in the unconscious mind, the pathways to which are few: psychoanalysis is a long and costly road and requires an expert guide; dreams, if properly interpreted, provide “the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious activities of the mind,” as Freud (1965) said, but it remains for poetry to give us an everyman’s highway to be traveled by day, the loveliest, quickest road of all. I therefore embarked on a quest for the Jabberwock, employing Lewis Carroll’s magnificent nonsense poem “Jabberwocky” from 7hrough the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There to stimulate a group of subjects into capturing the fabulous monster on paper. Many people fail to take nonsense literature seriously. The problem, as in the case of Dr. Pepper, “the misunderstood soft drink,” lies in the name. Nonsense literature is not without sense, but rather is that which deals in a humorous or whimsical way with odd or grotesque themes, characters or actions, often employing coined words that are evocative, but have no accepted meaning. If poems are considered to be like dreams for.poetry, like dreams, uses symbols (metaphors), free association of words and images, condensation and merging of concepts, and deliberate distortion of reality in the service of heightening or softening emotional response then it is fitting for poems to be humorous, for Freud (1965) realized early in his exploration of the dream phenomena that dreams and jokes are closely related. “In waking reality,” he wrote, “I have little claim to be regarded as a wit. If my dreams seem amusing, that is not on my account, but on account of the peculiar psychological conditions under
Neonatal Genetic Testing is More Than Screening

Newborn screening practices have changed since breakthroughs have occurred in genetics and mapping of the human genome. Although newborn screening has been in existence since the 1960s, today's newborn screening practices are subsumed primarily under the umbrella of genetic testing. Inclusion of the family history tool is another dimension of neonatal assessment. Technology allows many noninvasive tests to be run at a low cost but with this advance comes ethical and legal dilemmas. This article discusses neonatal genetic testing and some of the ethical dilemmas that arise.
Transient wave propagation in composite plates due to impact

Stress-wave propagation in a composite plate due to an impact has been examined using anisotropic elasticity theory. The plate is modelled as a number of identical anisotropic layers whose elastic moduli are given. Mindlin's (1959) approximate theory of plates is then applied to each layer to obtain a set of difference-differential equations of motion by using the interlaminar stresses and displacements as explicit variables. Dispersion relationships for harmonic waves are found when traction-free boundary conditions are applied to both surfaces of the plate. The difference-differential equations are reduced to difference equations via integral transforms. With given impact boundary conditions these equations are solved for an arbitrary number of layers in the plate, and the transient propagation of a stress wave is calculated by means of a fast Fourier transform algorithm.
Residual stresses in turned AISI 4340 steel

The residual-stress distribution in the surface region of workpieces of annealed AISI 4340 steel that is turned under unlubricated conditions is determined using a deflection etching technique. The absolute value of the residual stresses at the machined surface are low and increase with an increase in depth beneath the machined surface to a maximum. They then decrease with a further increase in depth eventually becoming vanishingly small. Peak residual stresses are tensile at cutting speeds of 0.5 and 1.0 ms−1 and are compressive at a cutting speed of 1.5 ms−1 for all feed rates and depths of cut. Peak residual stresses and depth of the stressed region increase with an increase in feed rate and depth of cut, but decrease with an increase in cutting speed. The results of this investigation can be interpreted in terms of the variation of tool forces with cutting conditions.
Regional and cellular expression of glial (GLT1) and neuronal (EAAC1) glutamate transporter proteins in ovine fetal brain.

Abstract Glutamate transport is a primary mechanism for regulating extracellular levels of glutamate which can have either neurotrophic or neurotoxic effects in the developing brain, depending on its concentration. Using immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry, we tested the hypotheses that expression of neuronal and glial glutamate transporter proteins was regionally and temporally regulated in the developing ovine brain and that expression of the glial isoform early in development was not cell-type specific. Immunoblots for the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1 revealed a major band of immunoreactivity at 69,000 mol. wt, whereas glial glutamate transporter-1 (GLT1) immunoreactivity was observed as 73,000 and 146,000 mol. wt proteins. EAAC1 and GLT1 are regulated differently during development, with EAAC1 immunoreactivity being most abundant at 60 and 71 days completed gestation (term=145 days) and dissipating thereafter, while GLT1 immunoreactivity was most abundant at 136 days gestation. By immunocytochemistry EAAC1 expression is neuronal throughout gestation with intense labelling of dendrites within the telencephalon evident at 60 days. Neuropil, neuronal cell bodies and processes are EAAC1-immunoreactive throughout gestation with no evidence of astrocytic or oligodendroglial immunoreactivity. In contrast, GLT1 is expressed by neuronal and non-neuronal cell types during midgestation with astrocyte selectivity developing by 136 days. During midgestation, GLT1 is transiently expressed in neurons of the subplate, cranial nerve nuclei, basal ganglia, and cerebellar cortex. The major finding of this study, that GLT1 is transiently expressed in various neuronal populations at midgestation demonstrates that the cell-type specificity of the GLT1 phenotype is developmentally regulated and depends on brain maturity.
Electromagnetic cascade in high-energy electron, positron, and photon interactions with intense laser pulses

The interaction of high-energy electrons, positrons, and photons with intense laser pulses is studied in head-on collision geometry. It is shown that electrons and/or positrons undergo a cascade-type process involving multiple emissions of photons. These photons can consequently convert into electron-positron pairs. As a result charged particles quickly lose their energy developing an exponentially decaying energy distribution, which suppresses the emission of high-energy photons, thus reducing the number of electron-positron pairs being generated. Therefore, this type of interaction suppresses the development of the electromagnetic avalanche-type discharge, i.e., the exponential growth of the number of electrons, positrons, and photons does not occur in the course of interaction. The suppression will occur when three-dimensional effects can be neglected in the transverse particle orbits, i.e., for sufficiently broad laser pulses with intensities that are not too extreme. The final distributions of electrons, positrons, and photons are calculated for the case of a high-energy e-beam interacting with a counterstreaming, short intense laser pulse. The energy loss of the e-beam, which requires a self-consistent quantum description, plays an important role in this process, as well as provides a clear experimental observable for the transition from the classical to quantum regime of interaction.