cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiple Domains in Caveolin-1 Control Its Intracellular Traffic

Caveolin-1 is an integral membrane protein of caveolae that is thought to play an important role in both the traffic of cholesterol to caveolae and modulating the activity of multiple signaling molecules at this site. The molecule is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, transported to the cell surface, and undergoes a poorly understood recycling itinerary. We have used mutagenesis to determine the parts of the molecule that control traffic of caveolin-1 from its site of synthesis to the cell surface. We identified four regions of the molecule that appear to influence caveolin-1 traffic. A region between amino acids 66 and 70, which is in the most conserved region of the molecule, is necessary for exit from the endoplasmic reticulum. The region between amino acids 71 and 80 controls incorporation of caveolin-1 oligomers into detergent-resistant regions of the Golgi apparatus. Amino acids 91–100 and 134–154 both control oligomerization and exit from the Golgi apparatus. Removal of other portions of the molecule has no effect on targeting of newly synthesized caveolin-1 to caveolae. The results suggest that movement of caveolin-1 among various endomembrane compartments is controlled at multiple steps.
Limitations of the SF-36 in a sample of nursing home residents.

Objective: to assess test characteristics of the Medical Outcomes Study SF-36 (Short-Form 36) with residents of nursing homes. Research design: nursing home residents with 17 or more points on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and $ 3 months residence (128 of 552 screened) were selected randomly. Interviewers administered the SF-36 (repeated after 1 week), Geriatric Depression Scale and MMSE. We recorded activities of daily living and medication data from medical records. Data analysis included test‐retest intraclass correlations, item completion, score distributions and SF-36 correlations with measures of physical and mental functioning. Results: 97 nursing home residents (75.8%) consented. Test‐retest intraclass correlation coefficients were good to excellent (range = 0.55 to 0.82). Convergent validity between SF-36 physical health scales and the activities of daily living index was modest (r range = π0.37 to π0.43). About 25% of residents scored zero (lowest score) on at least one SF-36 physical function measure. SF-36 mental health scales correlated strongly with the Geriatric Depression Scale (r range = π0.63 to π0.71) and modestly with bodily pain (r = π0.35). No SF-36 scales correlated strongly with the MMSE. Conclusion: only one in five nursing home residents met minimal participation criteria, suggesting limited utility of the SF-36 in nursing homes. Reliability and validity characteristics were fairly good. Skewed scores were noted for some SF-36 scales. The utility of the SF-36 may be limited to assessments of subjects with higher cognitive and physical functioning than typical nursing home residents. The SF-36 might benefit from modification for this setting, or by tests of proxy ratings.
Delay Optimized Redundant Binary Adders

Redundant binary adders find wide applications in arithmetic circuits because of their constant time addition property. In this paper we present three redundant binary adders, the first one using a 4:2 compressor as the main logic block, the second one using a number of standard CMOS logic gates and the third one using transmission gates. The first two adders compare favorably against other competing adders in terms of simplicity of design and hardware used. Even though the third one uses more transistors in its implementation, it is faster than the fastest RBA cell reported in the literature.
AmiGO: online access to ontology and annotation data

AmiGO is a web application that allows users to query, browse, and visualize ontologies and related gene product annotation (association) data. AmiGO can be used online at the Gene Ontology (GO) website to access the data provided by the GO Consortium; it can also be downloaded and installed to browse local ontologies and annotations. AmiGO is free open source software developed and maintained by the GO Consortium.
Prediction of body fat in 12-y-old African American and white children: evaluation of methods

Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing in children. Validation of methods of predicting fatness in African American and white children could help to identify children at high risk. Objective: We assessed published methods for determining body fat in 12-y-old male and female white and African American schoolchildren. Design: The body fat of 114 children was measured with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, underwater weighing (densitometry), measurement of skinfold thicknesses, isotope dilution (H2 18 O), and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Formulas derived from these data and from published reports were compared by using the Bland-Altman approach. Results: Calculation of percentage of body fat by using an equation predicting body fat in kg and dividing by the current weight was the criterion method against which the other methods were compared. Four-compartment models had the smallest variability across the range of body fat, and 2 of these models differed from the criterion method by 1‐2%. Six methods (the Pennington 4-compartment model, the Wells et al 4-compartment model, the isotope dilution model, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, the Pennington skinfold thickness model, and the Pennington density model) provided specificity > 90%, an estimate of body fat that was within the 95% CI of the criterion method, and a difference from the criterion method that was < ± 2%. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was the least acceptable method. Conclusions: A 4-compartment model in which body fat in kg is divided by current body weight and multiplied by 100 provides the best estimate of percentage of body fat. The isotope dilution and body density models provide estimates within 2% of the estimate provided by the 4-compartment model. Other models do less well. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:980‐90.
Clinical characteristics and diagnostic imaging of cranial osteoblastoma

Benign osteoblastoma is a rare, vascular, osteoid-forming bone tumor that occurs even less frequently in the cranial bones. Benign osteoblastoma of the cranium affects women slightly more often than men and typically presents in the first three decades of life. Although clinical presentation can vary depending on location, cranial osteoblastoma usually presents as a painful, non-mobile, subcutaneous mass or swelling. On CT scan, it generally presents as a well-demarcated, mixed lytic and sclerotic lesion, with enlarged diploe, thinning outer and/or inner tables, and varying degrees of calcification. It is hypo to isointense on T1-weighted MRI and has variable presentation on T2-weighted MRI. Gross total resection is the definitive treatment, while subtotal resection is utilized when it is necessary to preserve critical adjacent neurovascular structures.
Leader framing and follower sensemaking Response to downsizing in the brave new workplace

Alternative workplaces are increasingly prevalent, combining flexible work practices, open landscape settings and a variety of acceptable working locations, especially for technology-enabled workers. In this article we examine the sensemaking response of technology-enabled, nomadic workers to the firm’s downsizing event at Telenor, Norway’s premier telecom company, in late 2002. We find two opposite interpretations of the firm’s employee database efforts and project-based structure emerge after the downsizing event. Our findings suggest the lack of geosocial boundaries in the organization influences sensemaking. Nomadic workers adopt frames that drive their interpretations and actions idiosyncratically. We suggest further research is needed to understand the influence of alternative work-places on patterns of behavior and human processes.
Non-atherosclerotic Causes of Mesenteric Arterial Disease

The most common cause of occlusive mesenteric artery disease is ostial atherosclerosis. Non-atherosclerotic causes account for 5–10 % of all cases of chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI). The vasculitides consist in a varied group of conditions characterized by an inflammatory response of vessel wall, with or without associated necrosis and granulomas, affecting 20 individuals per million a year. These diseases have different etiologies and pathogenic mechanisms, albeit most of them are not completely understood. Chronic inflammation can weaken the media and thin the arterial wall leading to aneurysm, or it can cause thickening of the arterial wall, resulting in stenosis and occlusions.
Microwave-Modulated Photon Doppler Velocimetry

Photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV) has become an important technique for explosives diagnostics over the last two decades. However, the inherent necessity for a very high-speed digitizer has rendered this technology expensive and inaccessible to the general research community. This letter reports a microwave-modulated PDV method, based on the conventional PDV testing, in which an RF modulator was used to directly modulate the current of a laser transmitter. Carrying the modulated frequency, the received PDV beat frequency was then engaged with a second beat frequency at the photo receiver, resulting in a low detection frequency. This resulting frequency can be detected using a digitizer with a lower sampling rate while retaining the information necessary for high-speed velocimetry measurement.
Differential regulation of the yeast CDC7 gene during mitosis and meiosis

The product of the CDC7 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is known to be required in the mitotic cell cycle for the initiation of DNA replication. We show that changes in transcript levels do not account for this stage-specific function, since the steady-state mRNA concentration remains constant at 1 copy per cell throughout the cell cycle. By measuring the cell division capacity of a cdc7::URA3 mutant after loss of a single-copy plasmid containing the CDC7 gene, we show that the CDC7 protein is present in at least 200-fold excess of the amount required for a single cell division. These results appear to exclude periodic transcription or translation as a means by which CDC7 function is regulated. In contrast, the CDC7 protein is known to be dispensable for meiotic S phase, but is required for synaptonemal complex formation and recombination. We found that the CDC7 transcript level does vary during meiosis, reaching a maximum near the time at which recombination occurs. Meiotic spores containing a cdc7 null allele germinate but fail to complete cell division. Apparently the excess CDC7 product present in mitotic cells is physically excluded from the spores (or becomes inactivated) and must be produced de novo after germination. The cdc7-1 allele had previously been shown to confer a reduction in the rate of induced mutation. We show that the cloned wild-type CDC7 gene not only complements this defect, but that when the CDC7 gene is on a multiple copy plasmid, induced mutagenesis is increased. Therefore, in contrast to the excess CDC7 activity for cell division, the level of activity for some error-prone repair process may be normally limiting.
Cyclic nucleotide responses in control and cystic fibrosis labial glands

Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) levels were measured in labial gland slices from controls and patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Incubation in vitro with 10 microM epinephrine, 50 microM isoproterenol, or 10 microM carbachol increased cAMP levels by 2.3-fold, 3.1-fold, and 1.8-fold, respectively, in control glands and by similar amounts in CF glands. The only statistically significant CF-related difference was a decreased response to isoproterenol. Addition of MIX (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) increased cAMP levels in control and CF glands by an order of magnitude under all conditions but did not eliminate the CF-related decrease in cAMP level obtained with isoproterenol. cGMP levels were measured only in the presence of MIX. Incubation with carbachol nearly doubled cGMP levels in control and CF glands but only the control gland response approached statistical significance (P = 0.06). cGMP levels in CF glands were nearly threefold greater than those in control glands, and disease-related differences obtained in the presence of carbachol and isoproterenol were statistically significant.
Study of Quality Control of White Car Body's Welding

The paper introduces the planning of the quality control of white car body's welding before it is welding and the inspection control measures,and the specific operation methods in the process of wielding,based on the practice.The adoption of these methods can effectively ensure the quality of white car body' s welding.
Prospects for Machine Embryogenesis.

In Nature, the embryogenesis process proceeds from a single fertilized cell through division, migration, specialization and apoptosis. Although a lot is known about development, we still have a long way to go from theories of pattern formation towards understanding the intelligence within an unsupervised manufacturing process which robustly assembles complex biological forms. Our approach has been to co-evolve bodies and brains in simulation and then convert them into reality using commercial manufacturing technology. I will review several generations of robots which were automatically designed using co-evolutionary techniques. The goal has been the fully automated design and construction of artificial lifeforms. The first generation was based on genetic programming and a simulation of LEGO rod adhesion. The second generation used direct evolution on a iterative simulation of truss structures and used 3D printing for the output. A third generation was based on generative representations using L-systems. In each of these cases, we assumed a perfect factory which could accept an evolved specification and then manufacture the desired result. In reality, there is no perfect factory, except for the science fiction Star Trek replicator. All manufacturing and assembly systems are subject to error. Each primitive manufacturing action results not in a deterministic new state, but a probability distribution of outcomes. In later work, we replaced the idea of a perfect factory with one subject to noise and error. Even the smallest bit of error ruins the outcome of deterministic construction plans. We first evolved construction plans which could overcome errors through redundancy, and then this led to a new model for machine embryogenesis as a process which continuously optimizes assembly processes in a game against Nature.
Hepatic extraction of somatostatin in conscious dogs.

Fractional hepatic extraction of endogenous somatostatin immunoreactivity was examined in conscious dogs with Doppler flow probes on the portal vein and hepatic artery and catheters in the portal and hepatic veins and carotid artery before and after induction of hypoglycemia by infusion of insulin. Insulin infusion (1 and 2 mU.kg-1.min-1) decreased arterial plasma glucose from 76 +/- 4 mg/dl to a nadir of 41 +/- 2 mg/dl. Basal portal vein somatostatin was 117 +/- 11 pg/ml, which was significantly greater than the 97 +/- 12 pg/ml in the hepatic vein (P less than 0.05) and 79 +/- 8 pg/ml in the carotid artery (P less than 0.05). Hypoglycemia significantly augmented portal vein somatostatin to 206 +/- 32 pg/ml with parallel increases in the hepatic vein and carotid artery. The mean basal fractional hepatic extraction of total somatostatin immunoreactivity was 9 +/- 6% and was unchanged during hypoglycemia (14 +/- 4%). Column chromatography of the portal vein somatostatin immunoreactivity in the basal period yielded three peaks with most of the material eluting with somatostatin-14 and the void volume. Very little somatostatin-28 was detected. There was very little hepatic extraction of the void volume material while approximately 50% of somatostatin-14 was removed by that organ. After insulin-induced hypoglycemia, there was the greatest percent increase in somatostatin-28 and a doubling of somatostatin-14 and the void volume material. Most of the somatostatins-14 and -28 were removed by the liver, while extraction of the void volume material was negligible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Chondro-protective effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasound.

Summary Objectives Cartilage is a highly mechano-responsive tissue. Chondrocytes undergo a series of complex changes, including proliferation and metabolic alteration as the target of external biomechanical and biochemical stimuli. IL-1β is known to regulate chondrocyte metabolism and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). The objective of this study was to employ low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as a localized mechanical stimulus and assess its effects on chondrocyte migration, proliferation, metabolism, and differentiation, as well as its ability to suppress IL-1β mediated catabolism in cartilage. Methods Human cartilage explants and chondrocytes were stimulated by LIPUS in the presence and absence of IL-1β to asses cartilage degradation, chondrocytes metabolism, migration, and proliferation. Western blot analyses were conducted to study IL-1β the associated NFκB pathway in chondrocytes. Results LIPUS stimulation increased the proteoglycan content in human cartilage explants and inhibited IL-1β induced loss of proteoglycans. LIPUS stimulation increased rates of chondrocyte migration and proliferation, and promoted chondrogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Further, LIPUS suppressed IL-1β induced activation of phosphorylation of NFκB-p65 and IĸBα leading to reduced expression of MMP13 and ADAMT5 in chondrocytes. Conclusions Collectively, these data demonstrate the potential therapeutic effects of LIPUS in preventing cartilage degradation and treating OA via a mechanical stimulation that inhibits the catabolic action of IL-1β and stimulates chondrocyte migration, proliferation, and differentiation.
Tics, OCD and ADHD Associated with Brain Tumor

Researchers at Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit report a boy aged 12 years with a 12-month history of ADHD, OCD, and stimulant-induced tourette syndrome that resolved following surgical removal of a right temporal lobe and basal ganglia oligodendroglioma.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

The results of carrier and prenatal diagnosis for Lesch-Nyhan syndrome by carrier testing of 83 women and prenatal analysis of 26 pregnancies are reported from the Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
Evidence-Based Psychological Assessment

In recent years there has been increasing emphasis on evidence-based practice in psychology (EBPP), and as is true in most health care professions, the primary focus of EBPP has been on treatment. Comparatively little attention has been devoted to applying the principles of EBPP to psychological assessment, despite the fact that assessment plays a central role in myriad domains of empirical and applied psychology (e.g., research, forensics, behavioral health, risk management, diagnosis and classification in mental health settings, documentation of neuropsychological impairment and recovery, personnel selection and placement in organizational contexts). This article outlines the central elements of evidence-based psychological assessment (EBPA), using the American Psychological Association's tripartite definition of EBPP as integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences. After discussing strategies for conceptualizing and operationalizing evidence-based testing and evidence-based assessment, 6 core skills and 3 meta-skills that underlie proficiency in psychological assessment are described. The integration of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences is discussed in terms of the complex interaction of patient and assessor identities and values throughout the assessment process. A preliminary framework for implementing EBPA is offered, and avenues for continued refinement and growth are described.
Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Executive Function: Interplay between Inhibition and Updating Processes.

This study investigated the interaction between two executive function processes, inhibition and updating, through analyses of behavioral, neurophysiological, and effective connectivity metrics. Although many studies have focused on behavioral effects of executive function processes individually, few studies have examined the dynamic causal interactions between these two functions. A total of twenty participants from a local university performed a dual task combing flanker and n-back experimental paradigms, and completed the Operation Span Task designed to measure working memory capacity. We found that both behavioral (accuracy and reaction time) and neurophysiological (P300 amplitude and alpha band power) metrics on the inhibition task (i.e. flanker task) were influenced by the updating load (n-back level) and modulated by working memory capacity. Using independent component analysis, source localization (DIPFIT), and Granger Causality analysis of the EEG time-series data, the present study demonstrated that manipulation of cognitive demand in a dual executive function task influenced the causal neural network. We compared connectivity across three updating loads (n-back levels) and found that experimental manipulation of working memory load enhanced causal connectivity of a large-scale neurocognitive network. This network contains the prefrontal and parietal cortices, which are associated with inhibition and updating executive function processes. This study has potential applications in human performance modeling and assessment of mental workload, such as the design of training materials and interfaces for those performing complex multitasking under stress.
The Hare Question in Assurance Games: Practical Problems and Insights From Robotic Surgery

We examine in this article a frequently overlooked, if not ignored, premise underlying the canonical assurance game model: Hunters could potentially bag more than a single hare (or two) in place of...
Alcohol and Cancer Stem Cells

Heavy alcohol consumption has been associated with increased risk of several cancers, including cancer of the colon, rectum, female breast, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, liver, and esophagus. It appears that alcohol exposure not only promotes carcinogenesis but also enhances the progression and aggressiveness of existing cancers. The molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol tumor promotion, however, remain unclear. Cancer stem cells (CSC), a subpopulation of cancer cells with self-renewal and differentiation capacity, play an important role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence, and therapy resistance. The recent research evidence suggests that alcohol increases the CSC population in cancers, which may underlie alcohol-induced tumor promotion. This review discusses the recent progress in the research of alcohol promotion of CSC and underlying cellular/molecular mechanisms. The review will further explore the therapeutic potential of CSC inhibition in treating alcohol-induced tumor promotion.
Investigating gender differences in temporal dynamics during an iterated social dilemma: An automatic analysis using networks

Emotions have a temporal nature and very often personality traits and underlying psychological conditions are hidden in the dynamics of those expressions. Within this work, we investigate the dynamics of the facial displays of dyads during an iterated social dilemma. We focus on the effect of gender and gender-pairing on those behaviors. We use networks to capture the temporal dynamics and create measures of inter- and intra-personal dependencies of emotional states. Our analysis on an iterated prisoner's dilemma corpus suggests that there are gender differences on the transitions of the emotional states and the degree of emotional influence from the opponent.
Predicting survival for metastatic spine disease: a comparison of nine scoring systems

Abstract Background Context Despite advances in spinal oncology, research in patient-based prognostic calculators for metastatic spine disease is lacking. Much of the literature in this area investigates the general predictive accuracy of scoring systems in heterogeneous populations, with few studies considering the accuracy of scoring systems based on patient specifics such as type of primary tumor. Purpose The aim of the present study was to compare the ability of widespread scoring systems to estimate both overall survival at various time points and tumor-specific survival for patients undergoing surgical treatment for metastatic spine disease in order to provide surgeons with information to determine the most appropriate scoring system for a specific patient and timeline. Study Design This is a retrospective study. Patient Sample Patients who underwent surgical resection for metastatic spine disease at a single institution were included. Outcome Measures Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were generated from comparison of actual survival of patients and survival as predicted by application of prevalent scoring systems. Methods A preoperative score for all 176 patients was retrospectively calculated utilizing the Skeletal Oncology Research Group (SORG) Classic Scoring Algorithm, SORG Nomogram, original Tokuhashi, revised Tokuhashi, Tomita, original Bauer, modified Bauer, Katagiri, and van der Linden scoring systems. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to assess the association of patient variables with survival. Receiver operating characteristic analysis modeling was utilized to quantify the accuracy of each test at different end points and for different primary tumor subgroups. No funds were received in support of this work. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Results Among all patients surgically treated for metastatic spine disease, the SORG Nomogram demonstrated the highest accuracy at predicting 30-day (area under the curve [AUC] 0.81) and 90-day (AUC 0.70) survival after surgery. The original Tokuhashi was the most accurate at predicting 365-day survival (AUC 0.78). Multivariate analysis demonstrated multiple preoperative factors strongly associated with survival after surgery for spinal metastasis. The accuracy of each scoring system in determining survival probability relative to primary tumor etiology and time elapsed since surgery was assessed. Conclusions Among the nine scoring systems assessed, the present study determined the most accurate scoring system for short-term (30-day), intermediate (90-day), and long-term (365-day) survival, relative to primary tumor etiology. The findings of the present study may be utilized by surgeons in a personalized effort to select the most appropriate scoring system for a given patient.
How Organizations Work: Taking a Holistic Approach to Enterprise Health

(2002). How Organizations Work: Taking a Holistic Approach to Enterprise Health. Quality Management Journal: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 67-68.
Preeclampsia: Association With Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome and Stroke.

Pregnancy and the postpartum period are associated with an increased risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.1-3 Based on the estimate from eleven studies published between 1990 and January 2017, stroke is most common in the peripartum and postpartum periods.4 Stroke is estimated to affect 30 per 100,000 pregnancies. Some of the mechanisms underlying this increased risk include venous or arterial thrombosis due to estrogen-related hypercoagulability; cerebral hypoperfusion related to acute blood loss; cardioembolism due to peripartum cardiomyopathy; and endotheliopathy, vasospasm, and hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage related to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.2, 5-7 Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy include chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia/eclampsia. Gestational hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg in a previously normotensive woman at ≥ 20 weeks of gestation.8 Preeclampsia is distinct from gestational hypertension in that it additionally involves at least one of the following criteria: proteinuria, thrombocytopenia, renal insufficiency, impaired liver function, pulmonary edema, or cerebral or visual symptoms (see Table 1). Preeclampsia can progress to eclampsia, which is characterized by seizure activity in a preeclamptic woman. Preeclampsia most commonly occurs during pregnancy and the peripartum period, although postpartum preeclampsia can occur.9, 10 Table 1 Diagnostic criteria for preeclampsia (derived from The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy).8
Flip Chip Technology Versus FOWLP

In this chapter, a flip chip is defined (Lau in Flip Chip Technologies. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996 [1]; Lau in Low Cost Flip Chip Technologies. McGraw-Hill, New York, 2000 [2]; Lau et al. in Electronic Packaging. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1998 [3]; Lau in Electronic Manufacturing. McGraw-Hill, New York, 2003 [4]) as a chip attached to the pads of a substrate or another chip with various interconnect materials (e.g., Sn–Pb, Cu, Au, Ag, Ni, In, and isotropic or anisotropic conductive adhesives) and methods [e.g., mass reflow and thermocompression bonding (TCB)], as long as the chip surface (active area or I/O side) is facing the substrate or another chip as shown in Fig. 2.1.
Characteristics of hemostasis during experimental Ehrlichia canis infection.

Background Ehrlichia canis infection in dogs can cause thrombocytopenia and clinical evidence of bleeding. It is unknown why some dogs show signs of bleeding whereas others do not despite clinically relevant thrombocytopenia. Hypothesis/objectives Activated platelets, decreased fibrinolysis or both mitigate bleeding tendency. Assess standard hemostatic variables, platelet dynamics, and specialized coagulation testing in dogs experimentally infected with E. canis to evaluate this clinical discrepancy. Animals Four healthy laboratory beagles. Methods Dogs were given blood infected with E. canis IV. Platelet indices of activation, platelet aggregometry, antiplatelet antibodies (percent IgG), complete coagulation panel, and thromboelastography (TEG) were measured before inoculation and on weeks 1-8. Dogs were treated with doxycycline at approximately 5 mg/kg PO q12h between weeks 3 and 4 (day 24). For each variable, 1-way repeated measures analysis (1-way ANOVA) with post-hoc analysis was performed with statistical significance set at P Results Dogs had significantly lower platelet counts, evidence of activated platelets, and antiplatelet antibodies during E. canis infection. Dogs also appeared hypercoagulable and hypofibrinolytic using TEG as compared with baseline, changes that persisted for variable amounts of time after doxycycline administration. No overt signs of bleeding were noted during the study. Conclusions and clinical importance Activated platelets and a hypercoagulable, hypofibrinolytic state could explain the lack of a bleeding phenotype in some dogs despite clinically relevant thrombocytopenia. Findings from our pilot study indicate that additional studies are warranted.
Introduction to SC123 assembly language, architecture, and computer organization: tutorial presentation

A new computer architecture and an ID3E tool was recently developed at California State University, Stanislaus. The new computer was designed specifically for teaching assembly language and related subjects in an undergraduate curriculum. The instruction set has only nineteen instructions, the instructions are simple, regular, orthogonal, and the instructions have a small number of addressing modes. Hence the language is easy to learn as a first assembly language. Yet, in spite of its simplicity, the instruction set is complete. If an instruction is not present (by design), such as the ROL (rotate left instruction), it can be easily synthesized from other instructions. The instruction set contains support for subroutine calls and a conditional jump mechanism. Because of the simplicity, SC123 is easy to use in the classroom to teach assembly language. The ID3E tool contains an integrated development environment to edit, develop, assemble, and debug programs, as well as an emulated execution engine that executes the machine code.
Blow up in Axisymmetric Euler Flows

The problem of development of singular solutions of the 3d Euler equations is considered in the particular case of flows with an axis of symmetry. There is a strong analogy between the physics of such flows, and Boussinesq convection in 2 dimension, the buoyancy been replaced by the centripetal acceleration. A hot bubble, initially at rest in cold fluid tends to rise. During the evolution, strong gradients of temperature develop on the cap of the bubble, while on the sides, vortex sheets tend to roll up. When the cap of the bubble starts folding, a rapid growth of the gradients was observed, suggesting a singularity of the vorticity in the 3d axisymmetric flows like \(\left| \omega \right| \sim 1/{({t^*} - t)^2}\) . We have followed numerically this growth over an additional 5 orders of magnitude after this first instability, with no obvious impediment to further integration. Smaller and smaller scales are generated by repeated folding. Analytic estimates for the rate of stretching, consistent with our numerical observations are provided.
Nearly Circular Regions

We shall investigate methods for constructing a mapping function for conformal mapping of a simply connected nearly circular region onto a disk. A classical method that involves series expansion in powers of a small parameter for the interior and the exterior regions, known as the method of infinite systems, is presented with case studies, in which successive approximations are used to compute the approximate mapping function.
Vector Geometry in 4-Space

In the preceding chapters, we have seen how the language and techniques of linear algebra can unify large parts of the geometry of vectors in 2 and 3 dimensions. What begins with an alternative way of treating problems in analytic geometry becomes a powerful tool for investigating increasingly complicated phenomena such as eigenvectors or quadratic forms which would be difficult to approach otherwise.
Aeroelastic Stability Analysis of Damaged High-Aspect-Ratio Composite Wings

In this paper, linear and nonlinear divergence and flutter analyses for damaged high-aspect-ratio wings undergoing large deformations are presented. To exploit the computational efficiency of reduc...
TSACO's Third Anniversary: where we were, where we are, and where we're going.

Time flies when you’re having fun! It is hard to believe the inaugural publication of Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open ( TSACO ) was 3 years ago. I assumed leadership as editor not quite knowing how things would go, or even what open access publishing was really all about. It certainly was not clear to me, or to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma leadership, how this relatively new form of academic publishing would take hold, since our potential readership was accustomed to traditional subscription print publication. Crossing the chasm of authors being responsible for article publishing charges seemed daunting. Let us first look at acceptance by investigators. Publication has progressed nicely during the past 3 years, with a 159% increase in submitted articles from 2016 to 2018, so it appears my early concerns regarding acceptance of open access has been largely alleviated. We are on solid ground. Figure 1 TSACO published papers, 2016-2018 When I have had the …
Do benign-concordant breast MRI biopsy results require short interval follow-up imaging? Report of longitudinal study and review of the literature.

Abstract Objective The objectives of this study were to examine the frequency and outcomes of short interval imaging follow up of benign, concordant breast MRI biopsies and review the published literature on this topic. Materials and methods This was an IRB-approved, HIPAA compliant retrospective review of women undergoing MRI-guided breast biopsies between October 1, 2008 and December 31, 2014. Patients with malignant or high risk lesions with recommendation for excision, discordant cases, and those undergoing breast conservation therapy in same quadrant, chemotherapy or mastectomy were excluded. At least 2 years imaging and/or clinical follow-up without development of cancer in the same quadrant as the biopsy was set as the benchmark to confirm benign etiology. A PubMed search of similar articles through 2018 was also performed for the literature review. Results 943 consecutive MRI-guided biopsies were performed in 785 women. Of these, 378/943 (40.1%) were benign and met inclusion criteria. Eleven cases were recommended for and underwent repeat MRI-guided biopsy or excision, 2 of which were malignant. The overall false negative rate for benign concordant MRI-guided biopsy was 2/378, 0.5% (95% CI 0.02 to 2.0%). Literature search demonstrated five articles with similar methodologies yielding 628 additional cases of benign concordant breast biopsies. Nine of these cases were eventually diagnosed as malignancy with a false negative rate of 1.4%. Combined with our data, the overall false negative rate is 1.1%. Conclusions Short interval follow-up exams for benign concordant MRI-guided breast biopsies may not be necessary given the low malignancy rate.
Sub–single-exciton lasing using charged quantum dots coupled to a distributed feedback cavity

Colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are attractive materials for realizing highly flexible, solution-processable optical gain media, but they are difficult to use in lasing because of complications associated with extremely short optical-gain lifetimes limited by nonradiative Auger recombination. By combining compositional grading of the QD’s interior for hindering Auger decay with postsynthetic charging for suppressing parasitic ground-state absorption, we can reduce the lasing threshold to values below the single-exciton-per-dot limit. As a favorable departure from traditional multi-exciton–based lasing schemes, our approach should facilitate the development of solution-processable lasing devices and thereby help to extend the reach of lasing technologies into areas not accessible with traditional, epitaxially grown semiconductor materials.
Imaging dynamic cell signaling in vivo with new classes of fluorescent reporters.

Abstract Dynamical features of cell signaling are the essence of living organisms. To understand animal development, it is fundamental to investigate signaling dynamics in vivo. Robust reporters are required to visualize spatial and temporal dynamics of enzyme activities and protein–protein interactions involved in signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize recent development in the design of new classes of fluorescent reporters for imaging dynamic activities of proteases, kinases, and protein–protein interactions. These reporters operate on new physical and/or chemical principles; achieve large dynamic range, high brightness, and fast kinetics; and reveal spatiotemporal dynamics of signaling that is correlated with developmental events such as embryonic morphogenesis in live animals including Drosophila and zebrafish. Therefore, many of these reporters are great tools for biological discovery and mechanistic understanding of animal development and disease progression.
Community Psychological Practice and a Note on Rehabilitation in Corrections

Community psychological practice fails but largely because funds are inadequate to sustain its programs, notably housing, and supportive care. The resistance to adequate funding has not been surmounted by strategies of political activism. The organization of vulnerable, needy, and poorer people for political power is very unlikely to succeed. The list of similar attempts contains a greater number of heroic tragedies and tyrannies than successes. There is no successful discipline of political, social, or psychological liberation.
Ammonia-water freezing as a mechanism for recent cryovolcanism on Pluto

Abstract NASA's New Horizons flyby of the Pluto-Charon system in 2015 exposed a multitude of geologically active terrains on the surface of Pluto. Possible evidence of cryovolcanism has been reported in association with crustal scale extensional tectonic structures at Virgil Fossae and at two large circular mountains, informally referred to as Wright Mons and Piccard Mons. Our detailed geologic mapping of Wright Mons and the surrounding region reveals additional circular mounds overlying the main edifice and narrow ravines emanating from the summit, possibly produced by liquid flow. We model the overpressure generated during the freezing of a mixed ammonia-water liquid inside an enclosed chamber in Pluto's ice crust and in a global subsurface ocean. We consider scenarios spanning the possible range of Pluto's ammonia abundance and conclude that stresses generated due to freezing-induced pressurization can exceed the tensile strength of ice and create fractures for the liquid to escape. Our results suggest that freezing in a crustal chamber and the subsurface ocean are both viable mechanisms for cryovolcanism on Pluto and may explain the morphological variety of cryovolcanic formations observed by New Horizons.
Multiple Equilibria in Open Economies with Collateral Constraints

This article establishes the existence of multiple equilibria in infinite-horizon open economy models in which the value of tradable and non-tradable endowments serves as collateral. In this environment, the economy displays self-fulfilling financial crises in which pessimistic views about the value of collateral induce agents to deleverage. Under plausible calibrations, there exist equilibria with underborrowing. This result stands in contrast to the overborrowing result stressed in the related literature. Underborrowing emerges in the present context because in economies that are prone to self-fulfilling financial crises, individual agents engage in excessive precautionary savings as a way to self-insure.
Alignment between Disaster Policies and Practice: Characteristics of Interorganizational Response Coordination Following 2016 Hurricane Matthew in Florida

AbstractThis study examines the alignments between disaster policies and frameworks to disaster response practice by exploring characteristics of interorganizational coordination operated in Florid...
Using course journals to encourage reflective practice in second language teacher education

This paper describes how the head of a second language teacher education program uses a course journals assignment to encourage reflective practice. Students in training to become second language t...
Patient-reported Health Status, Comorbidity Burden, and Prostate Cancer Treatment.

Abstract Objective To determine whether patient-reported health status, more so than comorbidity, influences treatment in men with localized prostate cancer. Methods Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data linked with Medicare claims and CAHPS surveys, we identified men aged 65-84 diagnosed with localized prostate cancer from 2004 to 2013 and ascertained their National Cancer Institute (NCI) comorbidity score and patient-reported health status. Adjusting for demographics and cancer risk, we examined the relationship between these measures and treatment for the overall cohort, low-risk men aged 65-74, intermediate/high-risk men aged 65-74, and men aged 75-84. Results Among 2724 men, 43.0% rated their overall health as Excellent/Very Good, while 62.7% had a comorbidity score of 0. Beyond age and cancer risk, patient-reported health status was significantly associated with treatment. Compared to men reporting Excellent/Very Good health, men in Poor/Fair health less often received treatment (odds ratio [OR] 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56-0.90). Younger men with intermediate/high-risk cancer in Good (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.41-0.88) or Fair/Poor (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.30-0.79) health less often underwent prostatectomy vs radiation compared to men in Excellent/Very Good health. In contrast, men with NCI comorbidity score of 1 more often received treatment (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.11-1.70) compared to men with NCI comorbidity score of 0. Conclusion Patient-reported health status drives treatment for prostate cancer in an appropriate direction whereas comorbidity has an inconsistent relationship. Greater understanding of this interplay between subjective and empiric assessments may facilitate more shared decision-making in prostate cancer care.
Hostile Learning Environments, the First Amendment, and Public Higher Education

The Supreme Court has never squarely addressed the First Amendment status of student-on-student verbal harassment at public institutions of higher education. Does the First Amendment permit public colleges and universities to discipline students on the grounds that their speech has created a hostile learning environment for others on campus? If so, what is the analysis underlying that constitutional judgment and what are the requisite hallmarks of such an environment? Does it matter whether a student’s speech created the hostile environment on its own or whether it wielded that power only by virtue of its combination with the speech of other students? Does it matter whether the speech was directed to those for whom it created the hostile environment or whether the speech was merely overheard? This Article addresses those questions. To frame the First Amendment discussion, the Article first provides a statute-centered description of harassment and hostile learning environments; the description is a familiar one but is nevertheless often mischaracterized. The Article then argues that, if the Court’s Speech Clause jurisprudence were insistently originalist in nature, we could confidently say that the First Amendment gives public colleges and universities broad latitude to discipline students for speech that, in administrators’ judgment, is antithetical to important institutional values. But the Court today rejects key analytic touchstones that an originalist methodology would likely favor. Using the modern Court’s preferred framework, the Article then advances arguments that rely heavily upon both tradition and modern free-speech values. In some circumstances, student speech that creates hostile learning environments for classmates should be deemed categorically excluded from the First Amendment’s protection. In other circumstances, however, the First Amendment should be deemed to shield students from discipline unless they make their harassing statements with a mens rea akin to defamation law’s actual malice.
Trademark's 'Ship of Theseus' Problem

The story of the ship of Theseus has long presented a puzzle over the nature of identity. Preserving the boat over time, the ancient Greeks would remove its wooden planks as they rotted and replace them with new planks. The question arose: was this still the same ship? The problem hits at an issue that is critical to trademark law but has largely been overlooked: namely, what is the identity of the entity that holds the mark? And how do we determine whether that has changed over time? The law provides straightforward answers: it assigns the mark to the business entity and then provides that entity with almost absolute discretion over use and exclusion. Trademark law cares little about whether the entity is still representative of the mark over time. This approach is problematic. It allows marks to drift away from their original meaning and become vessels for brand expansion. The corporate holder can then exclude all other players, including former employees, from using the mark to which they contributed. The legal entity holding the mark can peel away every layer of connection between the mark and its creators and yet still wield it in commerce. The essay sketches out two potential pathways to address this ongoing dilemma: a more attentive examination of the connection between mark and economic firm, or a relaxation of the exclusive control that mark holders currently have over use.