cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Non-Visual Mate Choice Ability in a Cavefish (Poecilia mexicana) is not Mechanosensory

One of the most important decisions any female has to make is selecting a mate. In many animals, this involves a strong visual component, but in cave-dwelling fishes, mate preferences have to be exercised in darkness. In a cave-dwelling Poeciliid fish, the cave molly (Poecilia mexicana), visual mate choice is still possible because they have functional, albeit reduced eyes. In a previous laboratory study, it was documented that females prefer larger males in light and in darkness. In the present study, we investigated the role of the mechanosensory lateral line in this mate preference. We temporarily knocked out the lateral line using antibiotics. We found that even in the functional absence of the lateral line, females showed a clear preference for larger males, indicating that the lateral line is not crucial for mate choice. This points toward a strong role of chemical communication in cave molly mate choice.
Reply To Rothman

Stanley Rothman is laboring under a series of misapprehensions. What appears to give them some minimal coherence is evidently the curious conviction that in criticizing Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy he must cope with the work of a disillusioned former fellow-traveller. In discussing my alleged fundamental assumptions, toward the end of his essay, Rothman asserts: Moore's writing indicates that he is one of that generation of scholars to whom the Soviet Revolution once represented the hope of a radical transformation of mankind. Disillusioned by the results of that Revolution, he has now, with the mellowing of the Soviet regime, been able to justify his earlier enthusiasm for it by arguing that it has been no more repressive than other alternatives. (31,506.) Upon reflection I think I am entitled to take this as a compliment to my efforts at critical detachment. In my books on the Soviet Union I must have restrained my hostility to the point where my critic could succeed in discovering what he takes to be evidence of enthusiasm. At any rate, his discovery is a completely original one! After this discovery Rothman goes on to attribute ideas to me that he probably got from reading the works of my very good friend, Herbert Marcuse. For example, so far as I remember, I have never used the expression “non-repressive society,” which has become in a way Professor's Marcuse's trade-mark. (“Less repressive” is quite another expression, which I do use.) Nor did I use the expression “free non-repressive society,” preferring to say “free and rational society,” on the page cited by Rothman in this same paragraph. Indeed, to continue examining this passage as an example of Rothman's criticism, I have never been sanguine about “revolutions in the third world as embodying hope for the future” of mankind, much as such revolutions against American attempts to prop up various forms of political landlordism do seem to me justified. But perhaps Rothman is simply mixed up, because I doubt very much that either Marcuse or I would ever speak about “the goal of a compulsionless society!”
Molecular mechanisms regulating CD13-mediated adhesion.

CD13/Aminopeptidase N is a transmembrane metalloproteinase that is expressed in many tissues where it regulates various cellular functions. In inflammation, CD13 is expressed on myeloid cells, is up-regulated on endothelial cells at sites of inflammation and mediates monocyte/endothelial adhesion by homotypic interactions. In animal models the lack of CD13 alters the profiles of infiltrating inflammatory cells at sites of ischaemic injury. Here, we found that CD13 expression is enriched specifically on the pro-inflammatory subset of monocytes, suggesting that CD13 may regulate trafficking and function of specific subsets of immune cells. To further dissect the mechanisms regulating CD13-dependent trafficking we used the murine model of thioglycollate-induced sterile peritonitis. Peritoneal monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells were significantly decreased in inflammatory exudates from global CD13KO animals when compared with wild-type controls. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of wild-type and CD13KO primary myeloid cells, or wild-type myeloid cells pre-treated with CD13-blocking antibodies into thioglycollate-challenged wild-type recipients demonstrated fewer CD13KO or treated cells in the lavage, suggesting that CD13 expression confers a competitive advantage in trafficking. Similarly, both wild-type and CD13KO cells were reduced in infiltrates in CD13KO recipients, confirming that both monocytic and endothelial CD13 contribute to trafficking. Finally, murine monocyte cell lines expressing mouse/human chimeric CD13 molecules demonstrated that the C-terminal domain of the protein mediates CD13 adhesion. Therefore, this work verifies that the altered inflammatory trafficking in CD13KO mice is the result of aberrant myeloid cell subset trafficking and further defines the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation.
Identification and characterization of the adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate binding proteins appearing during the development of Dictyostelium discoideum.

Summary A photosensitive, radioactive analogue of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, 8-azido-adenosine 3',5'-[32P]monophosphate (8-N3-cychc AMP), was used to label the cyclic AMP binding proteins of Dzctyostelium discoideum. During development cytosolic proteins appear which are specifically labeled by the photoaffinity agent. The proteins are developmentally regulated since they are only found in starved, developing cells. Unlabeled cyclic AMP competes specifically with the labeled analogue for protein binding sites in contrast to unlabeled 5'-AMP which does not compete. A mutant which develops spores but is deficient in stalk cell production produces a different set of cyclic AMP binding proteins from the parent strain.
Physiologic assessment of the inotropic, vasodilator and afterload reducing effects of milrinone in subjects without cardiac disease.

Abstract Milrinone increases left ventricular (LV) shortening. Whether these changes result from vasodilation alone or from a combination of vasodilation and a positive inotropic action is controversial. Load-independent end-systolic indexes of LV contractility were measured over a wide range of aortic pressures generated by methoxamine infusion before and during milrinone administration. Sixteen studies were performed using echocardiography and calibrated carotid pulse tracings in 11 normal subjects. Milrinone loading doses of 30, 45 or 60 μg/kg were given intravenously over 10 minutes, followed by a maintenance infusion to achieve steady-state drug levels. Milrinone induced a dose-dependent decrease in baseline (i.e., before methoxamine) total systemic resistance (p
Glucose transporter protein responses to selective hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia in fetal sheep

The acute effect of selective hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia on late gestation fetal ovine glucose transporter protein (GLUT-1, GLUT-3, and GLUT-4) concentrations was examined in insulin-insensi...
Polycomb repressive complex 2 in embryonic stem cells: an overview

Polycomb Group Proteins (PcG) are a family of epigenetic regulators responsible for the repression of an array of genes important in development and cell fate specification. PcG proteins complex to form two types of epigenetic regulators: Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2). Although the mechanisms regulating PRC2 recruitment and activity in mammals remain poorly understood, recent work has identified a non-canonical PRC2 in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) with unique activities required for repression of PRC2 target genes and necessary for mESC differentiation and somatic cell reprogramming. Here we review the functions of PRC2 in embryonic stem cells and explore the role of the newly identified mESC specific PRC2 regulatory subunits Jarid2 (jumonji, AT rich interactive domain 2), Mtf2 (metal response element binding transcription factor 2) and esPRC2p48.
Maximizing employability and employment as an IT professional in the 21st century

While information technology professionals generally enjoy healthy employment opportunities, many factors are altering the calculus of what it takes to secure full and stable employment in the technology field in the 21st century. Rapid advancements in innovation, ever-changing "hot" products, constant corporate restructuring, a shift to out-sourcing and contract labor, and the general fickleness of technology workers --- many are the factors that challenge IT professionals to secure the employment they want (or need). In this session, we will explore the current employment environment for the IT profession in the U.S. (and globally), highlight macro factors that are impacting employment for IT professionals, and review techniques you can use to maximize your ability to secure the employment you want regardless of the economic times.
The Birth of Functional MRI at the Medical College of Wisconsin

The early 90’s were an extremely exciting time for functional MRI. The first hints that one could non-invasively measure blood oxygenation level-dependent changes with activation came out of the MGH and Minnesota groups. I was a graduate student at the Medical College of Wisconsin, working closely with Eric Wong and under the direction of Jim Hyde. Thanks to the coming together of technical expertise at MCW, this group was able to jump into fMRI at a very early stage! This is the story of the beginnings of fMRI from the MCW perspective.
Testing the Applicability of the JDI to Various Demographic Groupings

The article examines the applicability of the Job Descriptive Index in measuring job satisfaction of various demographic groupings. Overall, the index seems fit for application to employees with di...
Report on the Third ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL)

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Computer Science at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Computer Science Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact digitalcommons@odu.edu. Repository Citation Nelson, Michael L., "Report on the Third ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries ( JCDL)" (2003). Computer Science Faculty Publications. Paper 32. http://digitalcommons.odu.edu/computerscience_fac_pubs/32
Materializing Post-Racialism

In Chapter 3, I argued that post-racialism is the modern incarnation of an idea that has manifested itself in other guises, especially in America’s basic conception of itself. The thread linking these various manifestations together is the society’s discomfort with race and a desire to move past it. This is not to suggest that the desire is essentially cynical because the dark side of American history, which is represented by race, has been coupled with the bright promise of the “American dream.” That is, in the words of Jennifer Hochschild (1995, 15), with “tenets about achieving success,” and in the American context this has usually meant material success (and such symbolic and attitudinal correlates as social esteem and optimism for the future) attained through individualistic struggle. Theoretically, this negates race since that concept is particularistic and exclusive where, conceptually, the American dream is open to all, waiting to be appropriated by anyone with enough pluck to pull themselves up by their bootstraps. Actually, as Hochschild has shown in Facing up to the American Dream, there is reason to be skeptical about the universality of the dream; nevertheless, the dream maintains its hold on the imaginations of Americans and immigrants, alike, dangling the promise of a better future.
An Exploratory Study of Ethics, CSR and Sustainability Education in Graduate/Undergraduate Business Schools: Specifically in the Marketing Curriculum

In this preliminary report, ethics, CSR, and sustainability teaching and learning appear to be taking place in the AACSB accredited business schools and marketing classrooms. Business schools and marketing departments within graduate/undergraduate business programs in the United States are both incorporating and assessing learning objectives in ethics, CSR, and sustainability. However, CSR and sustainability lag behind ethics. This is not surprising since ethics has been a focus of business schools and AACSB for quite some time. It is likely that the focus by AACSB on these areas will continue to drive changes in business schools.
Hippocampal Sclerosis in Identical Twins

The genetic and acquired hypotheses of etiology of hippocampal sclerosis (HS) were studied at the University of Melbourne, Australia, using quantitative MRI in three monozygous (MZ) twin pairs, only the index twin having temporal lobe epilepsy and HS.
Attitudes of Primary Care Physicians Toward Sickle Cell Disease Care, Guidelines, and Comanaging Hydroxyurea With a Specialist:

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a complex chronic disease requiring multidisciplinary care that involves primary care physicians (PCPs) working with a hematologist or SCD specialists. Howe...
A new 64-QAM class with low OFDM PMEPR bound

It has been well known that the OFDM PMEPR of 64QAM is upper bounded by 4.66. In this paper, we construct a new 64QAM class with an improved bound 4.0. The construction is based on the notion of Golay complementary quad.
Matrici di densità come vettori di polarizzazione

Il concetto di matrice di densita ebbe origine attorno al 1930 nel corso di adattare alla meccanica quantistica la descrizione statistica di fenomeni classici, ricevendo poi nuova luce dalla formulazione dell’equazione di risonanza nucleare da parte di Felix Bloch, arricchita di effetti dissipativi. Questa equazione, apparentemente l’equazione di Schrodinger per la matrice di densita della polarizzazione di uno spin, guida in realta i valori medii di ogni quantita osservabile nel corso della sua evoluzione. Essa serve quindi come prototipo per molti e diversi fenomeni. I coefficienti di dissipazione (o «rilassamento») dell’equazione di Bloch vennero poi interpretati da Zwanzig come indici dell’informazione che sfugge per canali non osservati.
Development and implementation of outreach strategies for breast and cervical cancer prevention among African American women. FoCaS Project. Forsyth County Cancer Screening.

Abstract Background. The purpose of the FoCaS (Forsyth County Cancer Screening) Project was to develop and implement strategies that would improve the beliefs, attitudes, and preventive health habits of populations typically considered hard to reach. Conventional health education methods have not produced substantial results; thus, innovative and unusual strategies are needed. Methods. The FoCaS project implemented specific methods to reach the targeted population of African American women aged 40 and older that resides in public housing communities. Five outreach strategies were used: 1) educational classes (group setting and one‐on‐one sessions) on various topics that relate not only to breast and cervical cancer but to women's issues in general; 2) media campaigns strategically scheduled throughout the year; 3) the inclusion of religion in educational classes and community outreach; 4) the use of information centers to distribute materials; and 5) a community‐wide cancer‐awareness event. Results. These...
Cardiomyopathy in patients after posttransplant cyclophosphamide-based hematopoietic cell transplantation.

BACKGROUND The use of posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy) has contributed significantly to the success of haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Furthermore, several studies have shown promising results in the human leukocyte antigen–matched setting. However, the use of high-dose cyclophosphamide has been associated with the development of cardiomyopathy. There is a paucity of data concerning posttransplant cardiac complications in patients undergoing PT-Cy–based HCT. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 176 patients undergoing HCT with PT-Cy was performed. The overall survival, left ventricular ejection fractions, brain natriuretic peptide levels, and cardiac comorbidities were reviewed. The associations between comorbidities and the onset of heart failure were assessed with a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS Pretransplant cardiomyopathy was found in 16 patients (9.1%) but had no effect on their posttransplant overall survival. Thirty-five patients (21.9%) developed posttransplant cardiomyopathy, which correlated with increased mortality, but this was not statistically different from the frequency-matched non–PT-Cy cohort. The majority of these cardiomyopathies occurred in the setting of an infectious milieu. An age greater than 60 years and an HCT comorbidity index score equal to or greater than 4 were the only risk factors that correlated with posttransplant cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSIONS The presence of pretransplant cardiomyopathy does not negatively affect overall survival for patients who undergo HCT with PT-Cy. Furthermore, cardiomyopathy in PT-Cy patients is not caused by PT-Cy but is mostly concurrent with infectious complications and is associated with reduced overall survival. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors do not fully predict the occurrence of posttransplant cardiomyopathy. Future research is required to unravel predictive factors for cardiomyopathy after PT-Cy–based HCT. Cancer 2017;123:1800–1809. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Authority or Community? A Relational Models Theory of Group-Level Leadership Emergence

In this article I develop relational models leadership theory, which explains how shared cognition produces group-level leadership emergence effects. I propose that contextual features present earl...
Shear test on hard coated flip-chip bumps to measure back end of the line stack reliability

Abstract Introduction of ultra-low κ (ULK) material into advanced back end of line (BEOL) stacks has improved the electrical performance of the flip-chip microelectronic packages. However, the integration of the brittle and porous ULK materials presents several mechanical reliability challenges due to chip-package interaction effects. One of the primary failure modes in a organic flip-chip microelectronic package is delamination of interlayer dielectric (ILD) layers. Thermo-mechanical stresses that arise at the end of flip-chip assembly process can be high enough to cause fracture of the ILD layers in the vicinity of a solder bump. It has been observed from experiments that two bumps subjected to apparently same amount of thermo-mechanical stresses and same process history can exhibit difference in failure pattern. Current numerical models nor micro- scale interfacial fracture characterization experiments such as double cantilever beam (DCB) or four-point bend (FPB) tests are not capable of predicting such a failure. Such a behavior is possible only if the adhesion strength of the ILD layers are not constant but varies spatially from bump to bump. The difference in adhesion strength between adjacent bumps can be attributed to the difference in trace pattern layout or via distribution. In order to understand the failure at the bump level that is sensitive to capture differences in local trace patterns, microscale test techniques need to be developed. The focus of this work is to demonstrate a new reliable microscale test technique performed using nano-indenter to measure the mechanical reliability of BEOL stacks. A high-load spherical head is used to apply a known displacement on a solder bump coated with a ceramic. The force initial increases and suddenly drops indicating failure. Cross-sections of the tested bumps clearly indicate crack propagating through the BEOL stack while the coated bump remains intact. Since the forces subjected on the bump during the test is similar to the forces subjected on the bump during flip-chip assembly, the critical force can be used as a measure of fracture strength of the BEOL stack. The results from the test indicate that the critical force varies from bump to bump and the results are repeatable. Furthermore, finite-element model of the test is developed. The failure of the ILD layers is simulated using cohesive zone (CZ) elements and the mixed-mode traction-separation parameters required to characterize the CZ elements are extracted from macro-scale test techniques like DCB and FPB tests. The force-displacement (P-Δ) plot from the model mimics the experiment and predicts the average value of the critical force observed in experiment.
Phenotype and tissue distribution of CD28H+ immune cell subsets

CD28H is a newly discovered co-receptor of the human B7 family. CD28H interacts with its ligand B7-H5 and regulates T cell response. Here we showed that CD28H was not expressed on granulocytes, monocytes, myeloid dendritic cells (MDCs), and B cells, but constitutively expressed with moderate levels on memory T cells and with high levels on naive T cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) in human peripheral blood. Similar CD28H+ cell profile existed in secondary lymphoid organs and pathological tissues including multiple types of cancers. Further analysis demonstrated that CD28H+ naive and CD28H+ memory T cells were characterized with increased naive feature and less effector functional phenotype, respectively. High levels of constitutive CD28H expression on naive T cells and innate immune cells suggest a potential role of CD28H in innate and adaptive immunity.
High Throughput Assays for Additively Manufactured Ti-Ni Alloys Based on Compositional Gradients and Spherical Indentation

Recent advances in additive manufacturing (AM) reveal an exciting opportunity to build materials with novel internal structures combined with intricate part geometries that cannot be achieved by traditional manufacturing approaches. The large space of potential material chemistries combined with non-equilibrium microstructures obtained in AM presents a significant challenge for a systematic exploration and optimization of the final properties exhibited by AM parts when using the existing knowledge databases established for conventionally processed materials. In this paper, we demonstrate novel high throughput assays that can be used to prototype a large library of material chemistries (and possibly different process histories) in small quantities, and subsequently apply spherical indentation stress-strain protocols to screen them for their mechanical performance. The potential of these new assays is demonstrated on a class of Ti-Ni alloys, whose Ni composition ranges between 0 and 11%wt.
Earlier seizure onset and longer epilepsy duration correlate with the degree of temporal hypometabolism in patients with mesial temporal lobe sclerosis.

Abstract Objective To study the relationship of glucose metabolism and volume of the temporal lobes with age at epilepsy onset, epilepsy duration, and seizure frequency in patients with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS). Methods We evaluated the pre-surgical 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 18 patients with epilepsy and MRI findings of MTS, who were seizure-free for at least 2-years after temporal lobectomy. We calculated the volume of the hippocampi and amygdalae on MRI. On PET we studied their mean standard uptake values (SUV), and relative metabolic activity as compared to normal subjects in terms of Z-scores. We compared the PET and MRI metrics in the bilateral structures using the Wilcoxon sign rank test. We studied the relationship between the imaging metrics and age of epilepsy onset, epilepsy duration, and seizure frequency via Spearman correlation analyses. Results Younger age at onset correlated with decreased hippocampal glucose metabolism (rs = 0.64, p = 0.008). Longer epilepsy duration correlated with decreased hippocampal glucose metabolism (rs = −0.55, p = 0.024). There was no correlation between age at onset of epilepsy, epilepsy duration, or seizure frequency and volumetrics. Z-score in the sclerotic hippocampus (−3.51 ± 2.2vs −0.7 ± 1.7) and amygdala (−3.26 ± 2.3 vs −0.68 ± 1.8) was smaller than the contralateral (p Significance Earlier epilepsy onset correlated with hippocampal hypometabolism. Longer epilepsy duration correlated with amygdalar hypometabolism suggesting an ongoing progressive disease in MTLE.
Recent advances in optical modulator for high-performance fiber-optic links

In this paper, we review the key performance of optical modulators operating in the wavelength range of 1.3–1.5 μm for fiber-optic link applications and compare the design of two nanoscale modulators which are based upon (a) second-harmonic generation (SHG) from GaN nanopillars and (b) electrooptic polymer in nanoslot waveguides, respectively.
Effect of membrane exposure on guided bone regeneration: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims This review aimed at investigating the effect of membrane exposure on guided bone regeneration (GBR) outcomes at peri-implant sites and edentulous ridges. Material and methods Electronic and manual literature searches were conducted by two independent reviewers using four databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, for articles up to February 2017. Articles were included if they were human clinical trials or case series reporting outcomes of GBR procedures with and without membrane exposure. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted, and the weighted mean difference (WMD) between the two groups and 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported. Results Overall, eight articles were included in the quantitative analysis. The WMD of the horizontal bone gain at edentulous ridges was -76.24% (95% CI = -137.52% to -14.97%, p = .01) between sites with membrane exposure and without exposure. In addition, the WMD of the dehiscence reduction at peri-implant sites was -27.27% (95% CI of -45.87% to -8.68%, p = .004). Both analyses showed significantly favorable outcomes at the sites without membrane exposure. Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, membrane exposure after GBR procedures has a significant detrimental influence on the outcome of bone augmentation. For the edentulous ridges, the sites without membrane exposure achieved 74% more horizontal bone gain than the sites with exposure. For peri-implant dehiscence defects, the sites without membrane exposure had 27% more defect reduction than the sites with exposure.
When Irrational Biases Are Smart: A Fuzzy-Trace Theory of Complex Decision Making

I take a decision-making approach to consider ways of addressing the “unresolved and dramatic problems in the world”. Traditional approaches to good decision-making are reviewed. These approaches reduce complex decisions to tradeoffs between magnitudes of probabilities, and outcomes in which the quantity and precision of information are key to making good decisions. I discuss a contrasting framework, called “fuzzy-trace theory”, which emphasizes understanding the simple gist of options and applying core social and moral values. Importantly, the tendency to rely on meaningful but simple gist increases from childhood to adulthood (or, in adulthood, as people gain experience in a domain), so that specific irrational biases grow with knowledge and experience. As predicted theoretically, these violations of rationality in the traditional sense are associated empirically with healthier and more adaptive outcomes. Thus, interventions that help decision makers understand the essential gist of their options and how it connects to core values are practical approaches to reducing “unresolved and dramatic problems in the world” one decision at a time.
Gastrointestinal citrate absorption in nephrolithiasis

Gastrointestinal absorption of citrate was measured in stone patients with idiopathic hypocitraturia to determine if citrate malabsorption could account for low urinary citrate. Citrate absorption was measured directly from recovery of orally administered potassium citrate (40 mEq.) in the intestinal lavage fluid, using an intestinal washout technique. In 7 stone patients citrate absorption, serum citrate levels, peak citrate concentration in serum and area under the curve were not significantly different from those of 7 normal subjects. Citrate absorption was rapid and efficient in both groups, with 96 to 98% absorbed within 3 hours. The absorption of citrate was less efficient from a tablet preparation of potassium citrate than from a liquid preparation, probably due to a delayed release of citrate from wax matrix. However, citrate absorption from solid potassium citrate was still high at 91%, compared to 98% for a liquid preparation. Thus, hypocitraturia is unlikely to be due to an impaired gastrointestinal absorption of citrate in stone patients without overt bowel disease.
Quantization of Social Data for Friend Advertisement Recommendation System

This paper addresses the first stage of a Friend-based Advertisement Recommendation System. Our system operates in the environment of social networks like MySpace and Facebook. The goal of the system is to use social data from a user and their friends to make peer-pressure based advertisement recommendations. Gleaning this social information from the user and their pre-chosen set of friends is the focus of this paper. We discuss what this data is, how it is obtained and most importantly how we “quantize” it into numerical information that can be further processed for use in our recommendation system. Different techniques including linguistic as well as web services are explored. Results on real social data are given.
Toxemia of pregnancy

If toxemia represents impaired perfusion of the uteroplacental unit with failure of compensatory homeostatic mechanisms, measures that adversely affect blood volume and flow would not be expected to benefit the fetus. Clinical experience and investigational evidence have combined to support this axiom, as, for example, in the decline and fall in the use of diuretic agents. On the other hand, because magnesium sulfate has a beneficial effect on uterine blood flow, it continues to be the first major drug of choice in the treatment of toxemia. Although treatment of severe toxemia has resulted in remarkable and laudatory decreases in maternal and perinatal mortality, the prevention of toxemia remains more of an indefinite issue. This issue has taken on a new dimension with the data supporting the importance of diet and protein intake. These remain important sociomedical questions. What is missing for the practitioner is a convenient means of detecting the patient who is destined to have toxemia. If the mechanism of toxemia is activated by impaired uteroplacental perfusion, the process would be expected to develop over a period of time. This is supported by the changes found in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate clearance before the clinical appearance of hypertension. Accordingly, an understanding of these mechanisms should eventually yield laboratory analyses that would reveal the patient with the pathophysiologic features of toxemia before the clinical signs of hypertension, proteinuria and edema develop.
Molecular Biology of the Prototype Arenavirus, Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus

Structural analysis of a well-characterized virus such as lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is of particular importance in interpret-ing complex biological phenomena. Complete determination of the nu-cleotide sequence of LCMV establishes the structural features and cod-ing capacity of the virus genome. It enables further studies on the gene expression and replication mechanisms of arenaviruses, with potential significance for our understanding of viral persistence and pathogenesis.
Early Homo Occupation Near the Gate of Tears: Examining the Paleoanthropological Records of Djibouti and Yemen

The Bab al-Mandab region has often been considered a primary crossing point for early hominins following a southern coastal route from East Africa to South and Southeast Asia. However, surprisingly little work has been done in the countries of Djibouti and Yemen, both of which hold the key to our understanding of the chronological, paleoenvironmental and adaptive contexts of such early movements. As a result, detailed and accurate information about hominin subsistence, raw material exploitation, climatic adaptations, and the rate and success of early dispersals in such regions still remain poorly understood. Being a part of the Rift Valley, Djibouti shows great potential for paleoanthropological research in parity with the rest of East Africa. Only one Oldowan site, near Lake Abbe, is currently known and dated to between 1.6 and 1.3 Ma by ESR, with presumably butchered remains of Elephas recki ileretensis and hundreds of artifacts on lavas. In addition, a complete articulated skeleton of Elephas recki recki was found in clays of the comparatively younger Gobaad Formation. Previous investigators have also reported a fragmentary maxilla, attributed to an older form of Homo sapiens and dated to ~250 Ka, from the valley of the Dagadle Wadi. In Yemen and other parts of the Arabian Peninsula, archaeological investigations by numerous workers have yielded an abundance of Lower Paleolithic sites near the mountains and on fan surfaces, particularly in the Hadramaut area and the Tihama Plains, including the Al-Guza cave site with possible Oldowan artifacts. Surveys 25 to 40 km inland from the Gulf of Aden, South of Yemen, have yielded almost 40 Lower Paleolithic sites, including several Oldowan sites. Despite these commendable efforts, however, vast parts of both Djibouti and Yemen remain largely unexplored and much of the known evidence from both regions has not been absolutely dated or excavated. Until this is done, such data lend little support to early dispersal models that incorporate a southern coastal route to Southeast Asia during the Late Pliocene. This paper attempts to highlight and assess the earliest-known Mode 1 and Mode 2 evidence from Djibouti and Yemen, and correlate them with the available Plio-Pleistocene environmental records of the Bab al-Mandab region. Another objective is to provide a detailed synthesis of the original French publications on the paleoanthropological evidence from Djibouti, thus making it more widely available for comparative purposes.
Impacts of internal migration, household registration system, and family planning policy on travel mode choice in China

Abstract This paper uses 27,191 revealed travel mode choice preference data collected in October 2010, to study the impacts of internal migration, household registration system, and family planning policy on travel mode choice in Foshan City, China. To address the complex impacts of internal migration on travel mode choice in China, travel mode choice models are estimated by age, gender, and residential status (migrants and residents). A number of contributing factors are found to affect travel mode choice, such as: individual and household sociodemographic characteristics, trip-specific characteristics, residential location characteristics, and travelers’ perspectives in reference to travel mode choices, transportation improvements for the city, and relaxation of China’s one-child policies. For model estimation, correlated random parameters logit models are estimated, to account for unobserved heterogeneity and for possible correlations among the unobserved characteristics captured by the random parameters. Likelihood ratio tests support separate model estimation by age, gender, and residential status, while the model results illustrate that different parameters affect mode choices among these groups. To evaluate the proposed modeling approach, the correlated random parameters models are counter-imposed to their uncorrelated model counterparts, and the comparison illustrates the statistical superiority of the proposed correlated random parameters approach. The findings from the model estimation results suggest that – among other factors – continuing internal migration, relaxation of household registration system, and changes in family planning policy, are likely to affect travel mode choices.
Genomic comparison of matched primary and metastatic germ cell tumors (GCT).

4556Background: Tumor genomic analysis may be useful in patients with GCT as a means of identifying potentially actionable genomic alterations or mutations such as TP53 that confer resistance to ch...
Mental illness as a relationship dealbreaker.

Research suggests that stigma toward mental illness extends to evaluations of people with mental disorders as potential romantic partners. However, it is not clear if mental illness functions as a relationship dealbreaker that leads to the rejection of potential mates. The current research consisted
Transcriptomic analysis of lenalidomide and ENMD-2076 combination drug treatment in a human plasmacytoma xenograft mouse model.

e19565 Background: ENMD-2076 is a novel oral multi target kinase inhibitor with specific activity against aurora kinases. We have previously demonstrated an additive/synergistic effect of ENMD-2076...
Neoadjuvant Sunitinib Decreases Inferior Vena Caval Thrombus Size and Is Associated With Improved Oncologic Outcomes: A Multicenter Comparative Analysis.

Abstract Background We analyzed outcomes of neoadjuvant sunitinib in patients with renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) and inferior vena caval (IVC) tumor and compared outcomes to patients who did not undergo neoadjuvant therapy before surgery. Patients and Methods We performed a multicenter retrospective comparison of RCC patients with IVC tumor who underwent neoadjuvant sunitinib before surgery versus those who did not. Response to sunitinib was defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Primary outcome was cancer-specific survival. Secondary outcomes included overall survival. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with primary and secondary outcomes. Kaplan-Meier analysis compared survival in neoadjuvant and primary surgery groups. Results Data of 53 patients were analyzed (19 neoadjuvant sunitinib, 34 primary surgery; median follow-up, 58 months). Eighteen (9 in each group, P = .143) had metastatic RCC. There was no difference in IVC tumor level between the 2 groups (P = .76). After neoadjuvant sunitinib, median primary tumor decreased size from 8.1 to 6.8 cm, and IVC tumor decreased by 1.3 cm. IVC tumor level decreased in 8 (42.1%) of 19 and was stable in 10 (52.6%) of 19; 5 (26.3%) of 19 experienced partial response. Similar proportions of patients underwent robot-assisted or minimally invasive approaches (P = .351), and no differences were noted in complications (P = .194). Multivariate analysis showed neoadjuvant sunitinib was associated with improved cancer-specific survival (odds ratio = 3.28; P = .021). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated significantly longer median cancer-specific survival (72 vs. 38 months, P = .023) for neoadjuvant sunitinib. Conclusion Neoadjuvant sunitinib was associated with a reduction in primary tumor and thrombus size as well as improved survival. Further investigation is needed to determine the utility of neoadjuvant sunitinib in RCC with IVC tumor.
A Critical Examination of ‘Quasi-Static Negative Capacitance’ (QSNC) theory

Recent years have seen a boom in the interest of using the alleged ferroelectric ‘negative capacitance’ to realize low subthreshold swing of MOSFETs. According to the “quasi-static negative capacitance’ (QSNC) theory, a ferroelectric (FE) capacitor has an intrinsic but unstable ‘negative capacitance’ (NC) region. By adding a matching linear dielectric (DE) capacitor in series, it is possible to ‘stabilize’ the NC region. In this work, we examined the validity of the QSNC theory, and performed several key experiments to verify that experimental results are consistent with our theoretical assessment. Unfortunately, our overall results do not support the QSNC theory.
Machine learning to predict occult nodal metastasis in early oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Abstract Objectives To develop and validate an algorithm to predict occult nodal metastasis in clinically node negative oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) using machine learning. To compare algorithm performance to a model based on tumor depth of invasion (DOI). Materials and methods Patients who underwent primary tumor extirpation and elective neck dissection from 2007 to 2013 for clinical T1-2N0 OCSCC were identified from the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Multiple machine learning algorithms were developed to predict pathologic nodal metastasis using clinicopathologic data from 782 patients. The algorithm was internally validated using test data from 654 patients in NCDB and was then externally validated using data from 71 patients treated at a single academic institution. Performance was measured using area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Machine learning and DOI model performance were compared using Delong’s test for two correlated ROC curves. Results The best classification performance was achieved with a decision forest algorithm (AUC = 0.840). When applied to the single-institution data, the predictive performance of machine learning exceeded that of the DOI model (AUC = 0.657, p = 0.007). Compared to the DOI model, machine learning reduced the number of neck dissections recommended while simultaneously improving sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion Machine learning improves prediction of pathologic nodal metastasis in patients with clinical T1-2N0 OCSCC compared to methods based on DOI. Improved predictive algorithms are needed to ensure that patients with occult nodal disease are adequately treated while avoiding the cost and morbidity of neck dissection in patients without pathologic nodal disease.
A potential long-acting bictegravir loaded nano-drug delivery system for HIV-1 infection: A proof-of-concept study.

Abstract Bictegravir (BIC), a newly FDA-approved integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), as a single tablet regimen has proven efficacious in treating HIV-1 and SIV viruses, with reduced resistance. BIC clinical trials have not investigated its prophylaxis potency. This study investigates the HIV prevention potency of a novel long-acting BIC nano-formulation aimed to improve adherence. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) loaded BIC nanoparticles (BIC NPs) were formulated using an oil-in-water emulsion methodology. BIC NPs were
Phenomenology of large Nc QCD

These lectures are designed to introduce the methods and results of large N c QCD in a presentation intended for nuclear and particle physicists alike. Beginning with definitions and motivations of the approach, we demonstrate that all quark and gluon Feynman diagrams are organized into classes based on powers of 1/N c. We then show that this result can be translated into definite statements about mesons and baryons containing arbitrary numbers of constituents. In the mesons, numerous well-known phenomenological properties follow as immediate consequences of simply counting powers of N c, while for the baryons, quantitative large N c analyses of masses and other properties are seen to agree with experiment, even when “large” N c is set equal to its observed value of 3. Large N c reasoning is also used to explain some simple features of nuclear interactions.
Non-equilibrium strain relaxation noise in the relaxor ferroelectric (PbMg 1/3 Nb 2/3 O 3 ) 1-x (PbTiO3) x

Large low-frequency polarization noise is found in some perovskite relaxor ferroelectrics when they are partially polarized, regardless of whether the polarization is accompanied by an applied electric field. The noise appears both in the ferroelectric and relaxor states, including the nominally ergodic paraelectric state at temperatures above the susceptibility peak. Since it is present whenever the samples have non-zero average piezoelectric coefficients, but not otherwise evident, it appears to be a response to mechanical strain changes. Dependence of the noise on sample thermal history indicates that non-equilibrium strain relaxation is the source, even in the temperature range for which the sample is nominally ergodic. Non-equilibrium noise in the absence of net piezoelectricity is found at somewhat higher frequencies. Related materials lacking a metastable non-equilibrium cubic bulk phase and a symmetry-broken surface layer show very little of the anomalous low-frequency noise. The implications for ...
Digital Culture and Information: A Library-Based Minor Focusing on How Modern Information Access Impacts Society

In the fall of 2018, the Washington and Lee University Library launched an interdisciplinary minor called Digital Culture and Information (DCI) that aims to fill a curricular gap between how information exists and how it is used. Built from a successful campus-wide digital humanities initiative, DCI challenges students to become more highly literate consumers and creators of information through coursework focusing on data analysis, website development, and the impact of electronic communication on society. This poster presents the summation of an exploratory summer sabbatical project that conducted a content analysis on similar programs worldwide. Interviews with several program leaders and coordinators followed offering an in-depth look at their programs' history, successes, and issues. The research looks at how our minor differs from others including the uniqueness of it being housed in the library and how our program can grow.
Massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage after external shock wave lithotripsy in a patient with a left ventricular assist device

As left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) become more prevalent, it is increasingly likely that patients with LVADs will require non cardiac procedures. Peri-procedural anticoagulation management is challenging in these patients and requires balancing risks of bleeding and pump thrombosis. We present a case of a patient with a HeartWare LVAD who developed a massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage after external shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for an obstructing renal calculus and briefly review the literature regarding bleeding complications after ESWL as well as peri-procedural anticoagulation management of patients with LVADs.
Global Navigation Satellite Systems Fault Detection and Exclusion: A Parameterized Quadratic Programming Approach

In this article, the problem of detecting and excluding faulty global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) measurements at the receiver end is formulated as a parameterized quadratic programming (PQP) problem. Compared to the existing fault detection and exclusion (FDE) methods, which mostly rely on exhaustive search, the PQP method is computationally efficient for finding the outliers even when the number of outliers is moderate or large. In the context of multiconstellation GNSS where the probability of multiple simultaneous faults is increased, the PQP method is ideal for the task of fault exclusion since the computation time does not increase with the number of fault hypotheses. It is noted that this article addresses the computational load due to the exclusion function only. The integrity risk bound and continuity risk bound are of fundamental importance to assess the performance of FDE algorithms for safety-critical applications. With the aim to benefit safety-critical applications, the PQP method is integrated with the integrity risk bound and the continuity risk bound derived for FDE using Chi-squared receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM). It is emphasized that the integration of the PQP method and the integrity and continuity risk bounds do not make the PQP method a practical integrity monitoring method. This is because the computation of the integrity risk bound is still combinatorial and the resulting integrity risk bound is rather conversative. Instead, the integration allows for the opportunity to refine the PQP method so that it can be considered a practical integrity monitoring method. In particular, improvements to reduce the computational load for the Chi-squared RAIM FDE integrity risk bound calculation can readily be applied to the integrity risk bound calculation for the PQP method. Also, further research on PQP parameter tuning can be pursued to tighten the integrity risk bound.