cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictors of diagnostic delay and survival in a veteran population with lung cancer

A69 Background: Overall survival of veterans with lung cancer is inferior to the civilian population despite their universal access to health care services. The primary objective of this study is to assess the effects of imaging-to-diagnosis delays on survival for veterans with lung cancer. Our main hypothesis is that delay between first radiological abnormality and diagnosis is correlated with a worse prognosis. Methods: The study consisted of a retrospective chart review of 281 incident cases of lung cancer diagnosed at the Philadelphia VA Medical Center between 1998 and 2002. Cases were identified through the Philadelphia VA Tumor Registry Database and evaluated by chart review for age, gender,race, smoking history, lung cancer stage, histology, and patient comorbidities. The longest patient follow-up was five years. Survival was defined as the time from lung cancer tissue diagnosis to death or the last known date that the patient was reported to be alive. Treatment delay was defined as the median time from radiographic abnormality to pathologic diagnosis and treatment. Results: The median delay between initial abnormal imaging and a pathologic diagnosis was 38 days (mean 85 days, SD 235). For resectable patients, the median delay between initial imaging and surgery was 105 days (SD 122). About a third of all patients experience diagnostic delays of 90 days or greater. Patients with metastatic disease had more expedited workups and shorter treatment delays (mean delay for Stage IV disease was 56 days vs. 115 days for Stage I/II, p=.256) . Patients age 70 and older had the longest imaging-to-diagnosis time intervals with a mean delay of 132 days vs. 59 days for younger patients, ages 45 to 70 (p=.057). African Americans experienced longer delays than their Caucasian counterparts with regional (151 vs. 78 days) and advanced disease (74 vs. 35 days), although these differences were not statistically different. There were no statistical differences in overall survival by race and diagnostic delay when controlling for age and stage of disease. There was a trend for increased mortality in patients with early stage lung cancer who experience diagnostic delays greater than 90 days. Conclusion: There were no disparities in survival by treatment delay among veterans with lung cancer. Older age, early stage of disease, and race are significant predictors of diagnostic delays. Patients with metastatic disease experience expedited workups with no significant impact on survival. The results from this study will inform future interventions emphasizing early detection and treatment for lung cancer patients at risk for delayed care.
Three-dimensional microscopic light field particle image velocimetry

A microscopic particle image velocimetry ( $$\mu \text {PIV}$$ ) technique is developed based on light field microscopy and is applied to flow through a microchannel containing a backward-facing step. The only hardware difference from a conventional $$\mu$$ PIV setup is the placement of a microlens array at the intermediate image plane of the microscope. The method combines this optical hardware alteration with post-capture computation to enable 3D reconstruction of particle fields. From these particle fields, we measure three-component velocity fields, but find that accurate velocity measurements are limited to the two in-plane components at discrete depths through the volume (i.e., 2C-3D). Results are compared with a computational fluid dynamics simulation.
Astronomy Units And Nomenclature For Engineers And Physicists

Through the years, astronomers have accumulated units and nomenclature that they understand and promulgate, but that are not understood by most engineers and some physicists. For example, astronomers use the term Jansky in place of the former "flux unit," which they define as 10-26 W/m2 Hz. The steps in converting to spectral areance [flux density] in watts/cm2 μm or watts/cm2 cm-1 are described later. Other terms, which engineers should know, and their units are given in the Nomenclature.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Associations between persistent organic pollutants, type 2 diabetes, diabetic nephropathy and mortality

Objective Relationships were examined between persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and incident type 2 diabetes, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and mortality. Methods In a nested case–control study, 300 persons without diabetes had baseline examinations between 1969 and 1974; 149 developed diabetes (cases) and 151 remained non-diabetic (controls) during 8.0 and 23.1 years of follow-up, respectively. POPs were measured at baseline. ORs for diabetes were computed by logistic regression analysis. The cases were followed from diabetes onset to ESRD, death or 2013. HRs for ESRD and mortality were computed by cause-specific hazard models. Patterns of association were explored using principal components analysis. Results PCB151 increased the odds for incident diabetes, whereas hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was protective after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, sample storage characteristics, glucose and lipid levels. Associations between incident diabetes and polychlorinatedbiphenyl (PCB) or persistent pesticide (PST) components were mostly positive but non-significant. Among the cases, 29 developed ESRD and 48 died without ESRD. PCB28, PCB49 and PCB44 increased the risk of ESRD after adjusting for baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. Several PCBs and PSTs increased the risk of death without ESRD. The principal components analysis identified PCBs with low-chlorine load positively associated with ESRD and death without ESRD, and several PSTs associated with death without ESRD. Conclusions Most POPs were positively but not significantly associated with incident diabetes. PCB151 was significantly predictive and HCB was significantly protective for diabetes. Among participants with diabetes, low-chlorine PCBs increase the risk of ESRD and death without ESRD, whereas several PSTs predict death without ESRD.
Suicide Substrates: Mechanism-Based Inactivators of Specific Target Enzymes

It is a great pleasure to present this paper at a symposium celebrating the 80th birthday of Professor Fritz Lipmann both because of my personal association with him (admittedly stretching back only a mere 15 years) and because he is such a seminal figure in the development of biochemistry and enzymology. I joined the Lipmann laboratory in 1965 as a graduate student to do my doctoral research with Len Spector and initiated mechanistic studies on how citrate was cleaved to acetyl CoA and oxalacetate by the cytoplasmic citrate cleavage enzyme (ATP citrate lyase), discovered by Lipmann and Srere some years earlier in 1953 (Srere and Lipmann 1953). Although (or perhaps because) most other people in the Lipmann laboratory were working on protein biosynthesis, Dr. Lipmann always evinced a lively interest in my experiments and other enzymatic mechanistic studies. Perhaps as a result, I had the pleasure of reading through the autobiographical manuscript of his which became his book Wanderings of a Biochemist (Lipmann 1971). That experience increased my appreciation for the breadth of contributions to biochemistry made by the central figure of this meeting.
Fabrication of single crystal architecture in Sb-S-I glass: Transition from dot to line

Abstract We have investigated the occurrence of the sometimes observed grain boundaries, as initial seed is extended to form line in laser-fabricated single-crystal architecture in glass (SCAG). In particular, for Sb2S3 SCAG in Sb-S-I glass as a model system, grain boundaries are formed during the transition from laser-written initial seed dot to crystal line. Such grain boundaries during the growth of Sb2S3 crystals occur in 16SbI3–84Sb2S3 glass, whereas they are absent in Sb2S3 glass. We correlate this difference in tendency to form multiple grains with the relative glass forming ability i.e. the dynamics of nucleation and crystal growth as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). On the basis of this understanding, methods to minimize the appearance of grain boundaries in the transition region are suggested.
Arabic Information Retrieval at UMass in TREC-10

Participation aux tests Croisement de langues en anglais et arabe (incluant les recherches en arabe seul)
Rescuing Rawls’s Institutionalism and Incentives Inequality

G. A. Cohen argues that Rawls’s difference principle is incompatible with his endorsement of incentives inequality—higher pay for certain professions is just when that pay benefits everyone. Cohen concludes that Rawls must reject both incentives inequality and ‘institutionalism’—the view that egalitarian principles, including the difference principle, apply exclusively to social institutions. I argue that the premises of Cohen’s ‘internal criticism’ of Rawls require rejecting two important parts of his theory: a ‘subjective circumstance of justice’ and a ‘shared conception of justice’. These are important parts of Rawls’s ‘constructivism’. Constructivism is the view that a conception of justice is the solution to a practical interaction problem and is solved in part by examining the facts of the problem. Thus, an upshot of my arguments is that this Cohen/Rawls dispute reduces to another dispute over ‘constructivism’.
Improving the Living, Learning, and Thriving of Young Black Men: A Conceptual Framework for Reflection and Projection

Black men experience disproportionate mental health challenges due to their exposure to severe psychosocial stressors. Yet, the mental health challenges of Black men have largely been left out of national conversations. Strong theoretical frameworks are important when generating dialogue about the mental health of Black men, as it helps to validate the work on a larger scale while also grounding the work for more practical use. This paper presents the conceptual framework for a five-year initiative aimed at improving the living, learning, and thriving of young Black men through a social media intervention that improves their mental health, expands their definitions of manhood, and helps them to engage in social support. The Young, Black Men, Masculinities, and Mental Health (YBMen) project is a social media-based, health promotion program that targets mental health (e.g., depressive symptoms), masculine norms (e.g., definitions of manhood), and social support for young Black men using culturally-sensitive, age-appropriate, and gender-specific popular culture. The YBMen project has been successfully implemented with over 150+ Black men since 2014; findings demonstrate improved mental health outcomes, progressive definitions of manhood, and stronger social relationships. Reflections from the past and projections for the future are discussed.
Inverse dispersal patterns in a group of ant parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae: Oraseminae) and their ant hosts

When postulating evolutionary hypotheses for diverse groups of taxa using molecular data, there is a tradeoff between sampling large numbers of taxa with a few Sanger‐sequenced genes or sampling fewer taxa with hundreds to thousands of next‐generation‐sequenced genes. High taxon sampling enables the testing of evolutionary hypotheses that are sensitive to sampling bias (i.e. dating, biogeography and diversification analyses), whereas high character sampling improves resolution of critical nodes. In a group of ant parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae: Oraseminae), we analyse both of these types of datasets independently (203 taxa with five Sanger loci, 92 taxa with 348 anchored hybrid enrichment loci) and in combination (229 taxa, 353 loci) to explore divergence dating, biogeography, host relationships and differential rates of diversification. Oraseminae specialize as parasitoids of the immature stages of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with ants in the genus Pheidole being their most common and presumed ancestral host. A general assumption is that the distribution of the parasite must be limited by any range contraction or expansion of its host. Recent studies support a single New World to Old World dispersal pattern for Pheidole at c. 11–27 Ma. Using multiple phylogenetic inference methods (parsimony, maximum likelihood, dated Bayesian and coalescent analyses), we provide a robust phylogeny showing that Oraseminae dispersed in the opposite direction, from Old World to New World, c. 24–33 Ma, which implies that they existed in the Old World before their presumed ancestral hosts. Their dispersal into the New World appears to have promoted an increased diversification rate. Both the host and parasitoid show single unidirectional dispersals in accordance with the presence of the Beringian Land Bridge during the Oligocene, a time when the changing northern climate probably limited the dispersal ability of such tropically adapted groups.
Identity Contradictions in Islamic Awakening: Harmonising Intellectual Spheres of Identity

AbstractThe Islamic awakening demonstrates the following essential contradictions. First, it calls for the authentic return to Arab-Islamic heritage, while deeming as heretical several traditional ...
Reforming the Orphan Drug Act for the 21st Century

Reforming the Orphan Drug Act for the 21st Century The pharmaceutical market has undergone radical changes, including markedly increased prices for rare-disease drugs. The revenue generated by such...
49 Expression and actions of the dickkopf-1 receptors KREMEN1 and KREMEN2 in the bovine pre-implantation embryo

Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a secreted inhibitor of canonical WNT signaling expressed in the endometrium that can increase the competence of bovine blastocysts to establish pregnancy after transfer into recipients. The mechanism by which DKK1 regulates embryo function is not known. KREMEN1 and KREMEN2 are paralogs that function as DKK1 transmembrane receptors. Binding of DKK1 to KREMEN leads to internalization of the LRP5/6 WNT co-receptor and inhibition of β-catentin (CTNNB1)-dependent WNT signaling. Here we evaluated whether the bovine pre-implantation embryo expresses KREMEN1 and KREMEN2 and whether knockdown of KREMEN1 would alter embryonic development and accumulation of CTNNB1. In the first experiment, expression of KREMEN1 and KREMEN2 was determined in individual matured oocytes and embryos at the 2-cell, 3-4-cell, 5-8-cell, 9-16-cell, morula, and blastocyst stages of development (n = 4) using RT-qPCR with GAPDH and YWHAZ as internal controls. Data were analysed by analysis of variance using GLM procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc.; stage, replicate in model), and Tukey test for multiple comparisons. Expression of both KREMEN1 (P < 0.0001) and KREMEN2 (P = 0.003) varied between stages of development. There was a large decline in transcript abundance for KREMEN1 after the 9-16-cell stage. Expression (fold-change) relative to housekeeping genes was 0.29, 0.47, 0.27, 0.47, 0.34, 0.05, and 0.01 (standard error = 0.08) for oocyte, 2-cell, 4-cell, 5-8 cell, 9-16-cell, morula, and blastocyst stages, respectively. Expression of KREMEN2 was low at early stages of development, increased at the 8-16 cell and morula stages (i.e. after embryonic genome activation), and then declined. Expression (fold-change) relative to housekeeping genes was 0.00, 0.04, 0.03, 0.05, 0.12, 0.15, and 0.01 (standard error = 0.04) for oocyte, 2-cell, 4-cell, 5-8-cell, 9-16-cell, morula, and blastocyst stages, respectively. In the second experiment, we determined effects of a GapmeR antisense oligonucleotide directed against KREMEN1 on development to the blastocyst stage and amounts of immunoreactive CTNNB1 in the blastocyst. The experiment was performed in 3 replicates using 217 putative zygotes per treatment. The GapmeR treatment did not affect cleavage rate (78.5 ± 0.02% for GapmeR vs. 71.7% ± 0.02% for vehicle; P = 0.21), percent putative zygotes becoming blastocysts (23.4 ± 0.02% vs. 20.0 ± 0.02%; P = 0.57), or the percent of cleaved embryos becoming blastocysts (30.6 ± 0.03% vs. 28.8 ± 0.03%; P = 0.88). Amounts of immunoreactive CTNNB1 were determined in blastocysts collected at 168 h after insemination (n = 7/treatment). Treatment with GapmeR tended (P = 0.08) to increase the fluorescence intensity of CTNNB1 (1761 ± 68 vs. 1583 ± 72 units). In summary, KREMEN1 is expressed before genome embryonic activation, whereas KREMEN2 is expressed in 8-16 cells and morula. Knocking down KREMEN1 does not compromise embryonic development, but preliminary studies indicate KREMEN1 can regulate CTNNB1 abundance. Support was provided by USDA-NIFA 2017-67015-26452.
First-Movers and Industry Shakeups: How Public Newspapers Define Value:

With profitability for newspapers waning, publications are seeking new investments to bolster their bottom lines. At the same time, newspaper executives are experiencing pressures to generate new v...
Obesity and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) -When epidemics collide: A longitudinal study of body mass index (BMI) patterns in pediatric patients with ADHD treated with stimulant medication

Purpose ADHD and obesity are common and often comorbid conditions in pediatric populations. While research has demonstrated that treatment of ADHD with stimulant medication typically results in a concomitant (and often appropriate) decrease in BMI, the prevalence of weight gain during treatment is a potentially underestimated and poorly understood issue. Methods Data were obtained from the electronic health records of pediatric patients receiving effective …
Frequency and Bandwidth Tunable mm-Wave Hairpin Bandpass Filters Using Microfluidic Reconfiguration With Integrated Actuation

Microfluidically reconfigurable radio-frequency (RF) devices in general have been found attractive for low-loss, wide-frequency tunability and high-power-handling capabilities. Recently, integrated actuation of the microfluidically reconfigurable devices has been proposed for compact mm-wave device applications. This article for the first time introduces microfluidically reconfigurable frequency- and/or bandwidth-tunable bandpass filters (BPFs) operated at the mm-wave band with integrated actuation. The BPFs consist of coupled hairpin resonators. Frequency tuning is achieved by capacitively loading the resonators. Bandwidth tuning is achieved by creating varying capacitive loading among the resonators to control the interresonator couplings. The capacitive loading mechanisms are realized using the selectively metallized plates (SMPs) that can be repositioned within the microfluidic channels. The microfluidic channels are located directly above the stationary metallizations of the filter. Piezoelectric bending actuators placed under the filter's ground plane provide the SMP motion capability. The BPFs perform with the worst-case insertion loss of 3.1 dB. Frequency-tuning capable filters operate within 28-38-GHz band. Fractional bandwidth tunability varies from 7.8% to 16.7% at 38 GHz and 7.6% to 12.5% at 28 GHz for the filter that is capable of both tuning mechanisms. The filters are characterized to handle 5 W of the continuous RF power without needing thick ground planes or heat sinks. In addition, the frequency-tuning speed is characterized to be 285 MHz/ms.
A Male Patient With Breast Hamartoma: An Uncommon Finding.

Mammary hamartoma is a rare type of breast tumor that is composed of the same elements as normal mammary tissue. This condition is very rare in men. In current literature, there are fewer than five case reports on male breast hamartoma. This benign pathology is under-reported because of several reasons. Since breast tumors are still considered an exclusively female diagnosis and statistically proven to be gynecomastia when arising in men, they are often overlooked. In addition to the uncommon clinical presentation in men, insufficiency of definitive pathologic and radiologic characteristics can make an accurate diagnosis a challenging task. Mammary hamartoma is a benign condition with an excellent prognosis. The following case describes a rare instance of an enlarging mammary hamartoma in a male patient, highlighting the imaging features, pathohistological findings, and clinical management.
Maternal age at last birth and leukocyte telomere length in a nationally representative population of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women

OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to evaluate if maternal age at birth of last child is associated with leukocyte telomere length in a nationally representative population of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1,232 women from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to examine maternal age at last birth and telomere length, surveyed between 1999 and 2002. We included perimenopausal and postmenopausal women age 40 years and older. Maternal age at last live birth was self-reported, and leukocyte telomere length was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We calculated least-squares geometric mean telomere length across categories of maternal age adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, number of live births, survey cycle, and history of hysterectomy or oophorectomy. P trend < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. For hypothesis-generation, we explored modification by reproductive and sociodemographic factors. RESULTS Maternal age at last birth was positively associated with telomere length: the multivariable-adjusted least-squares geometric mean leukocyte telomere length across categories of age at last birth (<25, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, ≥40 y) was 0.90, 0.93, 0.93, 0.95, and 0.96, respectively (P trend = 0.04). There was suggestive evidence this association may be restricted to those women with one or two live births or women who reported ever using oral contraceptives (P interaction <0.10 for both). CONCLUSIONS Later maternal age was associated with longer telomere length in a nationally representative population of women. These data provide new insight into the biological relationship between reproductive history and long-term health. : Video Summary:http://links.lww.com/MENO/A662.
Expression of genes and pathways associated with the B7-CD28 superfamily in response to irradiation of blood cells using 137Cs.

PURPOSE DNA damage is one of the main consequences of exposure to ionizing irradiation (IR). Recent studies indicate that IR can modulate the expression of immune system-related genes. However, the effects of IR on the expression of genes and pathways of the B7-CD28 superfamily remain poorly defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the modulation of genes and pathways related to the B7-CD28 superfamily in response to IR. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we used transcriptome data available from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to investigate the modulation of the response of genes and pathways of samples of human peripheral blood irradiated with doses of 150, 300, and 600 cGy. The data were obtained at 6 and 24 h after irradiation. The relationship between genes and pathways was established through the Reactome database. The behavior of these pathways was analyzed using mathematical methods based on relative activity and diversity. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by multiple comparisons tests (Bonferroni and Tamhanes) was used to identify differentially expressed genes. Data on transcriptomes were analyzed through ViaComplex V.1.0 and IBM SPSS Statistics 22. RESULTS For the pathways investigated in this study, we observed that the effects produced by these doses significantly modified the behavior of five pathways associated with the immune system. Also, the dose of 300 cGy might trigger signaling for the activation of T cells through the negative regulation (p < .05) of the co-inhibitory PDCD1LG2 gene. Positive regulation caused by 300 cGy (p < .05) of the CD80 receptor was observed by us, which might be related to a stimulatory signal. According to our findings, this dose induced the production of cytokines and genes that are associated with the activation and differentiation of T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the irradiation modulated the organization of the biological system, suggesting that 300 cGy is more efficient in activating the immune system.
Exporting Deflation? Chinese Exports and Japanese Prices

Between 1992 and 2002, the Japanese Import Price Index registered a decline of almost 9 percent and Japan entered a period of deflation. We show that much of the correlation between import prices and domestic prices was due to formula biases. Had the IPI been computed using a pure Laspeyres index like the CPI, the IPI would have hardly moved at all. A Laspeyres version of the IPI would have risen 1 percentage point per year faster than the official index. Second we show that Chinese prices did not behave differently from the prices of other importers. Although Chinese prices are substantially lower than the prices of other exporters, they do not exhibit a differential trend. However, we estimate that the typical price per unit quality of a Chinese exporter fell by half between 1992 and 2005. Thus the explosive growth in Chinese exports is attributable to growth in the quality of Chinese exports and the increase in new products being exported by China.
Multi-Frequency Passive Remote Sensing of ICE Sheets from L-Band to W-Band

Multi-frequency microwave radiometer measurements can reveal important subsurface characteristics of ice sheets such as internal temperature, density, grain size and ice thickness, which are critical to understand ice sheet dynamics. This study explores the sensitivity of electromagnetic radiation from ice sheets to these properties across the microwave spectrum, from L-band to W-band. The results indicate that (i) the maximum depth for which surface radiations provide information decreases from >2000 m in L-band to ~3 m in W-band, (ii) seasonal variations in internal temperatures are reflected mostly at frequencies in K a -band and above, (iii) impact of the geothermal heat flux can be observed mainly in L- and S-bands, and (iv) changes in density and grain size properties affect the electromagnetic penetration depth, thus, may influence surface emissions across the entire microwave spectrum.
CES-SUCCESS: A Role Induction Group to Prepare Future Counselor Educators.

Navigating the tenure process can lead to psychological stress, mental health disorders, and physiological symptoms. The authors review literature addressing the challenges faced by junior counselo...
Determinants of the Age of Motherhood for Women in Nepal and Analysis of Data from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016: Implications for Policies and Programmes:

This article draws on the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey data of 2016 to explore the determinants of the age of motherhood for women in Nepal. It explores the association between the age of mo...
Gender and the Development of Leadership Stereotypes

Heck, Santhanagopalan, Cimpian, and Kinzler (2021) present a compelling case for examining the gender gap in political leadership through a developmental lens. Drawing parallels with an emerging an...
Foundations of a Duty to Donate Organs

Certain proposals designed to increase the supply of cadaveric organs suitable for donation, (e.g. confiscation of organs, an opt-out system, and various methods of compensation), are controversial in large part because many see cadaveric donation as a supererogatory act. The view that people are not obligated to make their organs available after death is based on Kantian respect for autonomy and a notion of rights derived from social contract theory. I look to both Kant and contractarian-informed views of free-riding to argue instead that making one’s own organs available for donation after death is in fact a moral duty. According to a Kantian conception of a duty of mutual aid , we have a duty to respond to the true needs of rational beings when fulfilling such needs places little burden on us. And a refusal to donate organs entails the kind of indifference to interdependency that characterizes morally problematic free-riding . Accepting that cadaveric explantation is morally obligatory lends justificatory support to the proposals mentioned above, though I do not endorse any of them here.
Angkor and the Khmer Civilization

1. Introduction - 2. The Setting - 3. Peoples and Languages - 4. The Khmer before History - 5. Winds of Change: The Early Kingdoms Period - 6. The Classic Angkor Period: From Kingdom to Empire - 7. The Life and Culture of Classic Angkor - 8. The Post-Classic Period: Decline and Transformation - List of Rulers Notes Further Reading
Silicification and Biosilicification. Part 4. Effect of Template Size on the Formation of Silica

Silicification at neutral pH and under ambient conditions is of growing interest due to its close relationship with biosilicification. In diatoms biosilicification has been reported to occur at (or close to) neutral pH and it has been shown that protein molecules act as catalysts/templates/scaffolds for this elegant materials chemistry. In this investigation various catalysts/templates have been studied for their role in silicification in vitro. We have used functionalized C60 fullerene, R5 (an important polypeptide from the amino acid sequence of a silaffin protein), poly-l-lysine (PLL) and two poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) samples having different molecular weights. An aqueous silica precursor was used and ordered silica structures were produced in each of the systems studied. The sizes of the silica structures appear to correlate with the size, in solution, of the templating/scaffolding agents. Biological systems exhibit hierarchical structures with remarkable control of morphologies over different length scales. The use of templating/scaffolding agents having different sizes and shapes is one possible paradigm for the production of such structures in vivo.
Must I do what I ought (or will the least I can do do)

Some key pre-theoretic semantic and pragmatic phenomena that support a negative answer to the main title question are identified and a conclusion of some significance is drawn: a pervasive bipartisan presupposition of twentieth century ethical theory and deontic logic is false. Next, an intuitive model-theoretic framework for “must” and “ought” is hypothesized. It is then shown how this hypothesis helps to explain and predict all the pre-theoretic phenomena previously observed. Next, I show that the framework hypothesized possesses additional expressive and explanatory power, thus adding further confirmation that it is on the right track.
On the implementation of a three-operand multiplier

A new approach for a three-operand multiplier is proposed, using initial two-level radix-4 recoding, in order to reduce the cost and delay of other utilized methods. A three-operand 4-bit multiplier is demonstrated as a model, and serves as a building block for three-operand multipliers of higher precision. The proposed method is shown to yield a significant reduction in both the cost and delay of a three-operand 4-bit multiplier.
Cerebral blood flow during cardiopulmonary bypass in pediatric cardiac surgery: the role of transcranial Doppler – a systematic review of the literature

Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (TCD) is a sensitive, real time tool for monitoring cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV). This technique is fast, accurate, reproducible and noninvasive. In the setting of congenital heart surgery, TCD finds application in the evaluation of cerebral blood flow variations during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We performed a search on human studies published on the MEDLINE using the keyword "trans cranial Doppler" crossed with "pediatric cardiac surgery" AND "cardio pulmonary by pass", OR deep hypothermic cardiac arrest", OR "neurological monitoring". Current scientific evidence suggests a good correlation between changes in cbral blood flow and mean cerebral artery (MCA) blood flow velocity. The introduction of Doppler technology has allowed an accurate monitorization of cerebral blood flow (CBF) during circulatory arrest and low-flow CPB. TCD has also been utilized in detecting cerebral emboli, improper cannulation or cross clamping of aortic arch vessels. Limitations of TCD routine utilization are represented by the need of a learning curve and some experience by the operators, as well as the need of implementing CBF informations with, for example, data on brain tissue oxygen delivery and consumption. In this light, TCD plays an essential role in multimodal neurological monitorization during CPB (Near Infrared Spectroscopy, TCD, processed electro encephalography) that, according to recent studies, can help to significantly improve neurological outcome after cardiac surgery in neonates and pediatric patients.
BEYOND THE STERILE COCKPIT

Consideration is given to some of the negative aspects of the trend toward increased automation of aircraft flight decks. The history of automated devices for navigation, communications and detection on board aircraft is reviewed. Instances of automatic system failure are identified which have led to accidents, and the events surrounding the downing of Korean Airlines Flight 747 are reexamined within the context of a computer-based system failure. Finally, new software and interactive systems to reduce navigational error due to inadequate computer-assisted flight instruction (CAI) are described, with emphasis given to speech processing and intelligent CAI systems.
EFFECTS OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY PREPARATIONS AND INSULIN ON ISLET CELLS OF THE PIGEON PANCREAS

HOUSSAY’S INVESTIGATIONS demonstrating the importance of the anterior pituitary in carbohydrate metabolism have stimulated many studies on the functions of the islets of Langerhans and on the control of their activity. During recent years workers in this laboratory have studied extensively the relation of pituitary hormones, and other hormones, to carbohydrate metabolism in pigeons. The present study of the pigeon pancreas describes the normal morphology of the three types of islet cells and the changes induced in them by a variety of experimental procedures and hormone treatments. White Carneau pigeons, aged 1.9 to 2.4 months from hatching, were used. Pieces of pancreas were preserved in Helly fixative prepared with neutral formaldehyde, sectioned at 5μi and stained in Heidenhain’s azan (1). Hypophysectomy (anterior lobe only) was performed according to the method developed in this laboratory (2). The several pituitary hormone preparations utilised have been carefully assayed and used in parallel studies.
A note on the sociological eye and the discovery of a new Durkheim text

The text consisting of recently discovered student notes taken during Emile Durkheim's 1883–1884 lycee lectures on philosophy bears few signs of the social realist perspective with which Durkheim's later work has been identified. Though some scholars have argued that Durkheim's thought was sociological almost from the start, the lectures suggest that Durkheim's sociological eye did not develop until well after the completion of his schooling at the Ecole Normale Superieure in 1882. This finding is consistent with accounts of Durkheim's intellectual development that stress the importance of his exposure to German scholarship, as well as his consideration of the work of Comte and Rousseau, in the years following 1885. However, these accounts have generally failed to distinguish between the development of Durkheim's philosophy of social realism and the unfolding of the practical worldview that constituted his sociological perspective. This failure is not unique to Durkheimian scholarship, as there exists no general theory of the sociological eye on which historians of ideas can draw. This short essay makes the case that Durkheim's lycee lectures should be used to help develop such a theory. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Juvenile hormone analogs: Toxicity and cross-resistance in the housefly

Abstract The toxicity of several juvenile hormone analogs (JHAs) to susceptible and insecticide-resistant housefly (Musca domestica L.) strains was determined by an assay procedure in which larvae were exposed to residues of JHAs in glass vials. All JHAs tested were toxic and the most active compound, isopropyl 11-methoxy-3, 7, 11-trimethylododeca-2, 4-dienoate, was 100 times as toxic to the susceptible Orlando Regular strain as methyl parathion and 600 times as toxic as DDT. A 5- to 30-fold tolerance to the different JHAs was present in an insecticide resistant strain in which resistance is associated with a high level of NADPH-dependent microsomal oxidase activity controlled by a gene(s) on chromosome II. Cross-resistance was less marked in a strain with a chromosome V high oxidase gene and absent in strains with other resistance mechanisms. The data indicate that cross-resistance to JHAs in insects may occur in certain strains with high levels of oxidative detoxifying activity. Even so, the most active JHA was far more toxic to both susceptible and resistant strains than methyl parathion or DDT.
Connoisseur of chiasmus: inversion and subversion in Finnegans Wake

In this study I examine the trope of chiasmus as it appears in Finnegans Wake. I cover such subjects as the relation between chiasmus and sexual inversion in the figures of Vesta Tully, Lewis Carroll, and Jonathan Swift; the relation between chiasmus and political subversion in the troubadours and the Tristan myth; the relation between chiasmus and split personality in the story of Christine Beauchamp. Chiasmus, as it appears in the Wake, is both a trope of war and a trope of reconciliation. The Wakean formula ‘Som's wholed, all's parted’ – each part (some) will be made whole; each whole (all) will be parted – is a key to the Wake's dual tendency toward chaos and cosmos. As a reconciler of opposites, chiasmus is able to accommodate and structure these opposites in a ‘chaosmos’ that is both entropic and evolutionary.
Mechanism of the Myocardial Effects of Bretylium

The increased myocardial contractility resulting from the injection of bretylium has been shown to be accompanied by a myocardial release of catecholamines. Cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation following bretylium is associated with neither an increased contractility nor a release of myocardial catecholamines. The failure to release catecholamines under these conditions does not result from depletion, but rather from a block of the nerve release mechanism.
Strain-confined electron-hole liquid in Ge: Density variations and compressibility

We present a detailed theoretical and experimental investigation of a spatial variation in the electron-hole--pair density in the strain-confined electron-hole liquid in Ge. The density variation can be dramatic: We observed a compression of the central density by a factor of 3 for our largest drop radius, Rroughly-equal0.7 mm. Our experimental density profiles, obtained using Abel transforms of spatial luminescence profiles, are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions of approximately parabolic profiles with densities larger than the equilibrium value at the center of the drop. Our previous first-order theory has been extended to include the full density dependence of the pair free energy at finite stress and temperature. We discuss the shape and power dependence of spatial luminescence profiles and luminescence spectra, since the spatial density variation increases with drop size. We use the central densities for drop sizes ranging over an order of magnitude to measure the density dependence of the electron-hole--liquid chemical potential, providing a sensitive test of many-body theories for the correlation energy. We obtain an improved value for the isothermal compressibility of the strain-confined liquid: K/sub T/ = 0.067 +- 0.017 cm/sup 2//dyn for n = 0.47 x 10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/, T = 1.9more » K, and -sigma = 5.5 kgf/mm/sup 2/, where kgf represents kilogram force.« less
Abstract SY12-04: Regulation of normal and cancer stem cell self renewal and senescence by USP16

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Down syndrome (DS) is a complex clinical syndrome associated with multiple pathological conditions including deficits in motor skills and learning. DS has also been associated with early onset and higher incidence of aging-related phenomena such as Alzheimer's disease. Recently, it has been proposed that the aging process is correlated with an impaired or exhausted ability of stem cells to self-renew. we show that in Ts65Dn mice, trisomic for 132 genes homologous to HSA21, triplication of Usp16 reduces self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells and expansion of mammary epithelial cells, neural progenitors, and fibroblasts. Moreover, Usp16 is associated with decreased ubiquitination of Cdkn2a and accelerated senescence in Ts65Dn fibroblasts. Usp16 can remove ubiquitin from H2AK119, a critical mark for the maintenance of multiple somatic tissues. Downregulation of Usp16, either by mutation of a single normal USP16 allele or by shRNAs, largely rescues all these defects. Furthermore, in human tissues overexpression of USP16 reduces the expansion of normal fibroblasts and post-natal neural progenitors while downregulation of USP16 partially rescues the proliferation defects of DS fibroblasts. Taken together, these results suggest that USP16 plays an important role in antagonizing the self-renewal and/or senescence pathways in Down syndrome and could serve as an attractive target to ameliorate some of the associated pathologies. Down syndrome patients also have a decreased incidence of solid tumors including breast cancer. The potential role of USP16 in human breast cancer will be discussed. Citation Format: Michael F. Clarke. Regulation of normal and cancer stem cell self renewal and senescence by USP16. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr SY12-04. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-SY12-04
Real-Time, Label-Free Sensing of Epidermal Growth Factor-Induced Changes of Cell Adhesion

Conventional approaches for assessing changes in cell adhesion often lack of time resolution and require invasive force or nonnative label. To circumvent such problems, we have developed an innovative approach of using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) to track real-time changes in cell adhesion. We have experimentally and computationally established a correlation between time-dependent changes in energy dissipation factor (ΔD) measured from the QCM-D and the level of cell adhesion complex (i.e., focal adhesions). Based on this correlation, we have been able to investigate the epidermal growth factor-induced change in cell adhesion and its regulation. We have also been able to evaluate the effects of various pharmacological interventions of this dynamic change in cell adhesion. The results of our study suggest that this QCM-D-based approach can potentially be exploited for fundamental study of cellular processes such as cell signaling, trafficking, and mechanotransduction, as well as for biomedical research on drug and biomarker screening.
High-Frequency Acoustics of 3 He in Aerogel

High-frequency $(\ensuremath{\sim}15\mathrm{MHz})$ acoustics were performed on ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ in $98%$ porous silica aerogel using an acoustic cavity technique. Measurements of the sound attenuation in the normal Fermi liquid and superfluid display behavior quite different from the bulk owing to strong elastic scattering of quasiparticles. The transition from first-to-zero sound is completely obscured with a quasiparticle mean-free path estimated to be in the range of 200--300 nm. No collective mode attenuation peak was observed at or below the superfluid transition.
Sex Differences in Acute Stroke Care in a Statewide Stroke Registry

Background and Purpose— Many studies have reported poorer stroke outcomes in women, and some studies have reported sex differences in care. We analyzed data from a hospital-based stroke registry to determine whether acute stroke care and discharge status differed by sex. Methods— Detailed chart-level information was collected on 2566 subjects admitted for acute stroke or transient ischemic attack to 15 Michigan hospitals in 2002. Sex differences in stroke care and patient status at discharge (in-hospital mortality and modified Rankin Scale score) were assessed after adjusting for differences in demographics, clinical characteristics, and comorbidities by multivariable models. Modified Rankin Scale score data were analyzed by proportional-odds models. Results— Women were older than men (70 vs 67 years) and were more likely to have congestive heart failure and hypertension. Men were more likely to smoke and have a history of heart disease and dyslipidemia. After multivariable adjustment, women were less lik...
FAK Mediates a Compensatory Survival Signal Parallel to PI3K-AKT in PTEN-Null T-ALL Cells

Summary Mutations and inactivation of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 ( PTEN ) are observed in 15%–25% of cases of human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Pten deletion induces myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and/or T-ALL in mice. Previous studies attributed Pten- loss-related hematopoietic defects and leukemogenesis to excessive activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR signaling. Although inhibition of this signal dramatically suppresses the growth of PTEN -null T-ALL cells in vitro, treatment with inhibitors of this pathway does not cause a complete remission in vivo. Here, we report that focal adhesion kinase (Fak), a protein substrate of Pten, also contributes to T-ALL development in Pten- null mice. Inactivation of the FAK signaling pathway by either genetic or pharmacologic methods significantly sensitizes both murine and human PTEN- null T-ALL cells to PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibition when cultured in vitro on feeder layer cells or a matrix and in vivo.
Green discoloration of urine after propofol infusion

Propofol is a hypnotic agent that is widely used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia and sedation in critically ill patients. Its properties of fast action and fast recovery allows for frequent neurological evaluations and assessments during sedation in the intensive care unit (ICU). Here, we report 3 cases of green discoloration of urine after continuous infusion of propofol.
Picosecond Photoconductive Devices

Two devices based on picosecond photoconductivity are reported. One is a germanium on sapphire device with a response time (FWHM) faster than 50 ps and a sensitivity in excess of 0.1 ma/mW, and is suitable for use when ultra-high speed gating of electrical signal is required. The other is an optically triggered GaAs transferred-electron device that generates oscillation bursts of controllable duration and frequency over the ranges of 1.5 to 4.0 nsec and 6.7 to 10.5 GHz, respectively.
The inverted sputter source

Abstract A sputter source in which the beam is extracted through the cesium ionizer works well and yields a bright beam of excellent emittance.