cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Major hepatectomy in children: approaching blood transfusion-free.

Introduction: Major hepatectomy complicated with massive blood loss requires blood transfusion, which may result in increased morbidity and mortality. Intraoperative techniques and postoperative management that achieves blood transfusion-free major hepatectomy in children are described. Methods: Fourteen children with a mean age of 3.1 years and mean body weight of 14 kg underwent major hepatectomy between May 1994 and September 2002. Demographic information, surgical techniques, and intraoperative management were analyzed. Results: Hepatectomy included right trisegmentectomy in seven cases, extended right lobectomy in three, right lobectomy in two, and left lobectomy in two. Preoperative imaging, hemihepatic inflow control, intraoperative ultrasonography, and ultrasonic dissection were routinely applied. Fluid was restricted to target a low central venous pressure (5 cm H2O) during transection. Postoperative low hemoglobin (>6.3 g/dl) was tolerated in pediatric patients. There was no operative mortality or major complications and only two cases of pleural effusion. The mean blood loss was 68 ml (range 1.25‐13.0 ml/kg), and no blood transfusions were required intraoperatively. Blood transfusion was given because of a liberal strategy for major operation in two patients and preoperative tumor bleeding in one. Conclusions: Despite being technically challenging, major hepatectomy can be performed with minimal blood loss and without blood transfusion in children to decrease postoperative complications.
Hook-Ups and Train Wrecks: Contextual Parameters and the Coordination of Jazz Interactions

This article discusses the importance of several parameters of context integral to jazz musicians' ability to hear musical signs as meaningful, such as performers' individual backgrounds and the various other styles of music available in the aural landscape, and how those parameters influence what the musicians play. Several examples from an ongoing ethnography of jazz jam sessions suggest that context is constituted by several variables, that different variables may become salient at different times, and that different interactants vary in their ability to attend to these variables. This study thus extends and elaborates frame analysis by showing that, while an interaction frame of the sort described by Goffman (1974) may perdure, it is subject to change, and the nature of the context it provides for interactions can change whenever a new interaction is initiated.
Linear control of nonlinear systems: Interplay between nonlinearity and feedback

A rigorous and general theory, as well as an associated efficient computational methodology, was developed that addresses the question of when and what linear control is adequate for a nonlinear process. A number of computer simulation examples illustrate the power of the proposed approach. Several potential future developments are outlined.
A testbed of simulation-optimization problems

We propose a testbed of simulation-optimization problems. The purpose of the testbed is to encourage development and constructive comparison of simulation-optimization techniques and algorithms. We are particularly interested in increasing attention to the finite-time performance of algorithms, rather than the asymptotic results that one often finds in the literature.
MOSFET HF distortion behavior and modeling for RF IC design

High frequency (HF) distortion of MOSFETs has been characterized at different frequencies and bias conditions with a single tone measurement system. The results show that a MOSFET has much higher "low frequency limit" (LFL) than a bipolar transistor with similar critical dimensions, implying that the HF distortion characteristics of MOSFETs operating at a frequency lower than LFL is dictated by its low-frequency behavior. This discovery is useful for designers and modelers to validate the distortion of a MOSFET model for RF application. It has also been found that the second harmonic P/sub out2/ reaches to its minimum as f/sub T/ peaks, due to a similar non-linearity cancellation as in bipolar transistors. Furthermore, the measured data shows fairly "constant" distortion characteristics over a wide range of drain biases as the device operates in the saturation region. Simulation with a BSIM3v3 based sub-circuit model demonstrates that the distortion behavior of MOSFETs can be well predicted by an RF model if it can accurately describe both DC and AC characteristics with proper parameter extraction.
Damage Detection in a Prestressed Membrane Using a Wavelet-Based Neurofuzzy System

A neurofuzzy system has been proposed to detect damage in a structure with multiple damage sites. A prestressed square membrane representing a gossamer structure has been taken as the example structure. Damage at various locations on the structure has been modeled as reduced stiffness. The structure undergoes transverse vibration under the action of a transverse dynamic pressure. Using the finite element package, “ABAQUS,” the strain histories at different sensor locations in the structure under the action of the transverse dynamic pressure were calculated. The vibration response of the structure has been decomposed into a set of subsignals using wavelet analysis to define a damage feature index vector, which has been used as an indicator of damage in the membrane. The neurofuzzy system accepts the wavelet-based damage feature index vector as the input and gives the damage status of the structure as the output.
Synergistic Effects of Mutations in Cytochrome P450cam Designed To Mimic CYP101D1.

A close orthologue to cytochrome P450cam (CYP101A1) that catalyzes the same hydroxylation of camphor to 5-exo-hydroxycamphor is CYP101D1. There are potentially important differences in and around the active site that could contribute to subtle functional differences. Adjacent to the heme iron ligand, Cys357, is Leu358 in P450cam, whereas this residue is Ala in CYP101D1. Leu358 plays a role in binding of the P450cam redox partner, putidaredoxin (Pdx). On the opposite side of the heme, about 15-20 A away, Asp251 in P450cam plays a critical role in a proton relay network required for O2 activation but forms strong ion pairs with Arg186 and Lys178. In CYP101D1 Gly replaces Lys178. Thus, the local electrostatic environment and ion pairing are substantially different in CYP101D1. These sites have been systematically mutated in P450cam to the corresponding residues in CYP101D1 and the mutants analyzed by crystallography, kinetics, and UV-vis spectroscopy. Individually, the mutants have little effect on activity or structure, but in combination there is a major drop in enzyme activity. This loss in activity is due to the mutants being locked in the low-spin state, which prevents electron transfer from the P450cam redox partner, Pdx. These studies illustrate the strong synergistic effects on well-separated parts of the structure in controlling the equilibrium between the open (low-spin) and closed (high-spin) conformational states.
GENERIC UNIQUENESS AND CONTINUITY OF RATIONALIZABLE STRATEGIES

For a finite set of actions and a rich set of fundamentals, consider the rationalizable actions on a universal type space, endowed with the usual product topology. (1) Generically, there exists a unique rationalizable action profile. (2) Every model can be approximately embedded in a dominance-solvable model. (3) For any given rationalizable strategy of any finite model, there exists a nearby finite model with common prior such that the given rationalizable strategy is uniquely rationalizable for nearby types.
Analysis of adherence of Streptococcus defectivus and endocarditis-associated streptococci to extracellular matrix.

Abstract Pathogenesis of nutritionally variant streptococcal (NVS) endocarditis initiates with bacterial attachment to and colonization of the damaged heart valve surface. Underlying extracellular matrix (ECM) exposed to the environment during damage to cardiac endothelium provides additional receptors that could be involved in bacterial adherence. The ability of NVS and endocarditis-associated streptococci to bind ECM was investigated by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system that incorporated ECM secreted by baby hamster kidney and human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture. Streptococcus defectivus, the major species isolated from NVS endocarditis cases, bound ECM of fibroblasts and endothelial cells, indicating that the ECM molecule involved in the binding was a common constituent of diverse matrices. The specific binding of S. defectivus to ECM was demonstrated by saturation binding and specific antibody inhibition studies. Of the 15 S. defectivus strains analyzed, 13 bound ECM, whereas Streptococcus adjacens and NVS serotype III strains were unable to bind the matrix. This selective binding suggested that S. defectivus binds to heart valves through a mechanism different from those of other NVS in subacute bacterial endocarditis. A survey of non-NVS streptococcal endocarditis isolates demonstrated that S. mutans, S. mitis, S. sanguis, and S. faecalis also bound ECM, whereas other viridans species were unable to bind the matrix.
Sequential E2s drive polyubiquitin chain assembly on APC targets

The anaphase-promoting complex (APC), or cyclosome, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that collaborates with E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes to assemble polyubiquitin chains on proteins important for cell-cycle progression. It remains unclear how the APC - or many other E3s - promotes the multiple distinct reactions necessary for chain assembly. We addressed this problem by analyzing APC interactions with different E2s. We screened all budding yeast E2s as APC coenzymes in vitro and found that two, Ubc4 and Ubc1, are the key E2 partners for the APC. These proteins display strikingly different but complementary enzymatic behaviors: Ubc4 supports the rapid monoubiquitination of multiple lysines on APC targets, while Ubc1 catalyzes K48-linked polyubiquitin chain assembly on preattached ubiquitins. Mitotic APC function is lost in yeast strains lacking both Ubc1 and Ubc4. E2-25K, a human homolog of Ubc1, also promotes APC-dependent chain extension on preattached ubiquitins. We propose that sequential E2 proteins catalyze K48-linked polyubiquitination and thus proteasomal destruction of APC targets.
Differential inflammatory modulation of canine ileal longitudinal and circular muscle cells

The aim of this study was to identify the subtypes of muscarinic receptors that mediate in vivo and in vitro canine ileal longitudinal muscle contractions and whether their role is modulated by inf...
The Yoruban-Cuban Aesthetic-Nicolas Guillen's Poetic Expressions: A Paradigm

Guillen's poetry is exemplary of a most vibrant, dynamic, and substantive aesthetic resulting from the Yoruban-Cuban encounter in the Americas. Early in his writings he tends towards a very tropical and exotic flair. As his work matures, however, he asserts his Africanite very strongly in the language he uses, the oral traditional elements interlaced in his poems, and his musical and religious allusions.
A high temperature thermal diffusivity determination procedure for solids and liquids

A new method for measuring the thermal diffusivity of materials at high temperatures is presented. The method is applicable to solids on Earth, and to liquids in the reduced gravity environment of space. It is especially suited to levitated liquid metals at elevated temperatures where thermal diffusivity data is not available. The method is applied in two parts, such that lumped analysis is valid in the first part, and Fourier's law of conduction is valid in the second. In both parts, the spherical specimen is assumed to have been heated to a desired temperature and cooled. An inverse conduction problem is then formulated and solved using Laplace transformation techniques. Using this solution, sample sizes, and experimentally obtained surface temperature history, the thermal diffusivity is determined by minimizing a function that satisifies the heat balance at the surface. Minimization is performed using a modified quasilinearization algorithm. Accuracy is very sensitive to error in the temperature data and increases with better curve fits to the temperature data. An error analysis is also performed, and the effect of errors in the various parameters on the evaluated thermal diffusivity is determined. An experimental study for solids on Earth is suggested, before development for implementation in space.
Carbon Disulfide Effectiveness on Flour Beetles in Relation to Temperature and Exposure Time

The influence of posttreatment temperatures and time of exposure have been studied using the fumigant carbon disulfide. Flour beetle adults, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val and T. castancum (Herbst) were tested. The temperature effects were also studied during fumigation and prefumigation periods, hut greatest attention was given to the nonlinear responses resulting from different environmental temperatures following fumigation. The results agree with most previous research in showing a positive linear relationship between treatment temperatures and per cent mortality. Narcosis of the insects followed the same relationship and in addition, the presence of a fumigant-tissue complex corresponded to the mortality. Posttreatment temperatures produced dissimilar results in that the greatest effects occurred at 5° and 35°C. This was evident with mortality, narcosis, and presence of the fumigant in tissues. Retention of carbon disulfide was determined by reacting diethylamine and cupric acetate and measuring colorimetrically at 430 millimicrons. The determination appeared to involve a carbon disulfideinduced material in the insect tissues. An explanation for the nonlinear response occurring after post-fumigant temperatures undoubtedly includes both biological characteristics and physico-chemical properties of the fumigant. Evidence indicates the persistence of a fumigant-tissue complex at higher posttreatment temperatures.
π-Plasmon absorption of carbon nanotubes for the selective and sensitive detection of Fe3+ ions.

Inspired by the remarkable electronic and optical properties of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), various molecular sensing devices with sensitivity down to the single molecule level have been developed. However, most sensing approaches such as field effect transistors or near infrared (NIR) fluorescence require the rigorous debundling and separation of metallic tubes and semiconducting tubes in order to reach the desired high sensitivity. Interestingly, all carbon nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes, graphite, graphene, and even amorphous carbon exhibit extremely strong π-plasmon absorption in the ultraviolet region. This strong absorption has been studied as an undesired optical background for applications based on visible and NIR absorptions. For the first time, we found that the strong π-plasmon absorption of SWNTs in the ultraviolet region is extremely sensitive to ion binding. It is even much more sensitive than the absorption in the visible and NIR regions. Herein, we present our first exploration into using the extremely strong plasmon absorption of SWNTs to develop a new sensing platform for the detection of metallic ions. The detection selectivity is realized by modifying the surface of SWNTs with molecular ligands that have a high specificity for metal ions. As a demonstration, the new method is applied to selectively detect iron ions (Fe3+) by modifying the surface of the SWNTs with deferoxamine (DFO), a natural bacterial siderophore, which has a high specificity and affinity for Fe3+. The selective detection of Fe3+ in both aqueous solution and complex rain water is achieved with a pM level of sensitivity and detection limit. In situ resonant Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that the sensitive detection possibly involves electron transfer between the formed Fe–DFO complexes and the SWNTs. We envisage that it can be used to detect other metal ions when a specific binding chelator is attached to the carbon nanotube surface.
Diagnosis and Importance Analysis of Transformer Fault Based on Bayesian Network

Based on historical operating data of 500 kV transformers provided by Yunnan Power Grid Corporation,a fault diagnosis model for 500 kV transformers was established,with the technology of Bayesian network and data mining.The theory of importance measure was also introduced to analyze the influence factors of transformer fault.Finally,the real — time operating records of practical transformers were used to verify the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed model.
Estriol and estetrol in amniotic fluid.

Estetrol (1,3,5(10)-estratrien-3,15α,16α,17β-tetrol; 15α-hydroxyestriol; E 4 ) is derived from both neutral and phenolic precursors which have undergone 15α-hydroxylation in the fetal liver or adrenal. Radioimmunoassays of total estrogens (TE), unconjugated estriol (E 3 ), and unconjugated estetrol (E 4 ) have been utilized to measure the concentrations of these estrogens in 46 amniotic fluid samples from 27 high-risk patients. Thirteen normal patients, 5 diabetic patients, and 9 patients with pregnancy complicated by Rh sensitization were studied. The concentration of TE in amniotic fluid in the uncomplicated pregnancies ranged from 11 to 65 μg per 100 ml. In most cases, the concentrations of E 3 and E 4 were similar, ranging from 0.5 to 2 per cent of the TE, as is expressed by a narrow range of E 3 :E 4 ratios extending from 0.8 to 4.5, with a mean of about 3.0. TE, E 3 , and E 4 concentrations in amniotic fluid obtained from pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus or Rh sensitization did not differ significantly from concentrations found in uncomplicated pregnancies of the same period of gestation. TE concentrations in 33 third-trimester serum samples from 6 patients ranged from 2 to 17 μg per 100 ml. In maternal serum, the concentration of unconjugated E, is usually much higher than the concentration of unconjugated E 3 , with an E 3 :E 4 ratio of approximately 9. TE concentration in amniotic fluid is similar to or higher than TE concentration in maternal serum; E 4 concentration is also higher in amniotic fluid; E 3 concentration is lower in amniotic fluid. There is little indication from this study that the concentration of unconjugated E 4 in amniotic fluid is of predictive value for the diagnosis of fetal compromise.
Isolated pharmacomechanical thrombolysis of deep venous thrombosis utilizing a peripheral infusion system: Manuf.

Aim The aim of this paper was to prospectively monitor the performance of an isolated pharmacomechanical thrombolysis (IPMT) device, the Trellis(R) Peripheral Infusion System, through a company-sponsored registry. Methods Demographic, thrombus characterization, and procedural data were collected on the treatment of 2203 extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVTs) in 2024 patients via case-report forms submitted by the treating physicians. Data were analyzed using simple accrual and percentages. Results Patients averaged 53 (+/-18) years of age and were 49% female. Thrombi were located in the iliofemoral (25.1%); iliofemoral to popliteal (19.3%); inferior vena cava (IVC) only or IVC and infrainguinal lower extremity (18.7%); femoral to popliteal (12.2%); isolated femoral (6%), iliac (6%) or popliteal (0.6%); and upper extremity (12.1%). Thrombus chronicity was reported as acute in 34.5% (N=760), acute-on-chronic in 41.5% (N=914), subacute in 10.4% (N=230), subacute-on-chronic in 9.8% (N=216), and chronic in 3.8% (N=83). The thrombolytic agent chosen by the physician most often was tissue plasminogen activator (tPA; 95.8%) at an average total dose per patient of 14.9 +/-8.3 mg. Combined Grade III and II venous patency following treatment across all thrombus chronicities was 95.5% and was achieved in a single setting in 83.3% (N=1753) of patients. Average IPMT run time per procedure was 22.3 +/-9.4 minutes. Sixteen percent of patients' limbs required additional catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT); 75% required angioplasty and/or stent. No major bleeding complications, symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE), or other significant adverse events occurred during the procedures. Conclusion IPMT is an effective therapeutic option for the acute management of extremity DVT. Low lytic doses and short infusion times are associated with a lower risk of bleeding than with CDT. Rapid restoration of patency may be associated with sustained valve function and a decreased incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome.
Review: Adapting the Eye: An Archive of the British in India, 1770–1830

Adapting the Eye: An Archive of the British in India, 1770–1830 . Yale Center for British Art, New Haven. 11 October–31 December 2011. The chronologies and categories of the architectural history of South Asia were crystallized in the mid-nineteenth century. British and Indian historians and antiquarians built upon a corpus of knowledge accumulated since the late eighteenth century that included picturesque depictions, exploratory essays, and the piecemeal documentation of sites. Many of these were published in Asiatick Researches , the journal of an association established in 1784 and initially comprised of British orientalists, antiquarians, and dilettantes, called the Asiatick Society. These early years of scholarship on India were critical to British imperial expansion, yet information regarding agents, techniques and processes is still incomplete. Historians agree that Indians played pivotal roles in the production and illustration of this knowledge, but their specific contributions largely remain relegated to discussions of “native assistants” and “Company artists.” Adapting the Eye , at the Yale Center for British Art in New Haven, made a significant contribution toward filling out this story. The focus was on a network of patrons, artists, and assistants in western India beginning around 1790, the year that the East India Company signed a treaty with the Maratha Peshwa Madhavrao II against Tipu Sultan of Mysore. The broker of this treaty, Charles Warre Malet, was also the principal patron who facilitated the work of artists James Forbes, James Wales, Gangaram Chintaman Tambat, and Robert Mabon. Curated by Holly Shaffer under the supervision of Gillian Forrester, the center’s …
Effects of Pre-Weaning Vitamin E, Selenium, and Copper Supplementation on the Performance, Acute Phase Protein Concentration, and Immune Function of Stressed Beef Calves1

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of pre-weaning vitamin E, Se, and Cu supplementation on performance and immune response in stressed calves. In Exp. 1, 71 Hereford x Angus calves were individually creep fed: 1) control supplement (CON), 2) control plus 500 IU vitamin E + 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (E), 3) control plus 10 mg Cu/kg DM (CU), or 4) a combination of E and CU treatments (ECU). In Exp. 2, 80 Hereford (Angus calves were individually creep fed: 1) control supplement (CON), 2) control plus 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (SE), 3) control plus 500 IU vitamin E + 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (LOWE), 4) control plus 1000 IU vitamin E + 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (MEDE), or 5) control plus 1500 IU vitamin E + 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (HIE). Treatments continued for 49 (Exp. 1) or 53 d (Exp. 2) prior to weaning. At weaning all calves were transported to feedlot facilities. In Exp. 1, vitamin E tended (P
Medical Devices and Adolescents: Points to Consider

Use of medical devices in adolescents presents many challenges. The Center for Devices and Radiological Health of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) defines the pediatric population as birth through age 21 years, with the adolescent age group defined as ages 12 through 21 years.1 Following the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007, the FDA implemented a requirement that medical device manufacturers provide readily available information in certain premarket applications on pediatric patients who have the disease or condition that the device is intended to treat, diagnose, or cure, even if the device is intended for adult use.2 It is imperative to ensure appropriate focus on adolescents. The adolescent population is not monolithic. It has unique subgroups spanning different age groups with various stages of development, and it includes gender-specific variations—all important factors for manufacturers, investigators, and clinicians to consider. In many cases adolescents are treated as young adults, and the fact that they are still part of the pediatric population is often lost. There are special issues that should be considered in any treatment plan for adolescents that involves medical devices.
Orientation dependence of heterogeneous nucleation at the Cu–Pb solid-liquid interface

In this work, we examine the effect of surface structure on the heterogeneous nucleation of Pb crystals from the melt at a Cu substrate using molecular-dynamics (MD) simulation. In a previous work [Palafox-Hernandez et al., Acta Mater. 59, 3137 (2011)] studying the Cu/Pb solid-liquid interface with MD simulation, we observed that the structure of the Cu(111) and Cu(100) interfaces was significantly different at 625 K, just above the Pb melting temperature (618 K for the model). The Cu(100) interface exhibited significant surface alloying in the crystal plane in contact with the melt. In contrast, no surface alloying was seen at the Cu(111) interface; however, a prefreezing layer of crystalline Pb, 2-3 atomic planes thick and slightly compressed relative to bulk Pb crystal, was observed to form at the interface. We observe that at the Cu(111) interface the prefreezing layer is no longer present at 750 K, but surface alloying in the Cu(100) interface persists. In a series of undercooling MD simulations, heterogeneous nucleation of fcc Pb is observed at the Cu(111) interface within the simulation time (5 ns) at 592 K-a 26 K undercooling. Nucleation and growth at Cu(111) proceeded layerwise with a nearly planar critical nucleus. Quantitative analysis yielded heterogeneous nucleation barriers that are more than two orders of magnitude smaller than the predicted homogeneous nucleation barriers from classical nucleation theory. Nucleation was considerably more difficult on the Cu(100) surface-alloyed substrate. An undercooling of approximately 170 K was necessary to observe nucleation at this interface within the simulation time. From qualitative observation, the critical nucleus showed a contact angle with the Cu(100) surface of over 90°, indicating poor wetting of the Cu(100) surface by the nucleating phase, which according to classical heterogeneous nucleation theory provides an explanation of the large undercooling necessary to nucleate on the Cu(100) surface, relative to Cu(111), whose surface is more similar to the nucleating phase due to the presence of the prefreezing layer.
Do MCAT scores predict USMLE scores? An analysis on 5 years of medical student data.

Introduction : The purpose of this study was to determine the associations and predictive values of Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) component and composite scores prior to 2015 with U.S. Medical Licensure Exam (USMLE) Step 1 and Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK) scores, with a focus on whether students scoring low on the MCAT were particularly likely to continue to score low on the USMLE exams. Method : Multiple linear regression, correlation, and chi-square analyses were performed to determine the relationship between MCAT component and composite scores and USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 CK scores from five graduating classes (2011–2015) at the University of Minnesota Medical School ( N =1,065). Results : The multiple linear regression analyses were both significant ( p <0.001). The three MCAT component scores together explained 17.7% of the variance in Step 1 scores ( p< 0.001) and 12.0% of the variance in Step 2 CK scores ( p <0.001). In the chi-square analyses, significant, albeit weak associations were observed between almost all MCAT component scores and USMLE scores (Cramer’s V ranged from 0.05 to 0.24). Discussion : Each of the MCAT component scores was significantly associated with USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 CK scores, although the effect size was small. Being in the top or bottom scoring range of the MCAT exam was predictive of being in the top or bottom scoring range of the USMLE exams, although the strengths of the associations were weak to moderate. These results indicate that MCAT scores are predictive of student performance on the USMLE exams, but, given the small effect sizes, should be considered as part of the holistic view of the student. Keywords: MCAT; USMLE; admissions; multiple linear regression; predictive value; chi-square (Published: 30 September 2016) Citation: Med Educ Online 2016, 21: 31795 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/meo.v21.31795
Comparative effectiveness of epsilon-aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid on postoperative bleeding following cardiac surgery during a national medication shortage.

Abstract Study objective The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (eACA) and tranexamic acid (TXA) in contemporary clinical practice during a national medication shortage. Design A retrospective cohort study. Setting The study was performed in all consecutive cardiac surgery patients (n=128) admitted to the cardiac-surgical intensive care unit after surgery at a single academic center immediately before and during a national medication shortage. Measurements Demographic, clinical, and outcomes data were compared by descriptive statistics using χ 2 and t test. Surgical drainage and transfusions were compared by multivariate linear regression for patients receiving eACA before the shortage and TXA during the shortage. Main results In multivariate analysis, no statistical difference was found for surgical drain output (OR 1.10, CI 0.97–1.26, P =.460) or red blood cell transfusion requirement (OR 1.79, CI 0.79–2.73, P =.176). Patients receiving eACA were more likely to receive rescue hemostatic medications (OR 1.62, CI 1.02–2.55, P =.041). Conclusions Substitution of eACA with TXA during a national medication shortage produced equivalent postoperative bleeding and red cell transfusions, although patients receiving eACA were more likely to require supplemental hemostatic agents.
Common method variance in advertising research: When to be concerned and how to control for it.

In this article we discuss and analyze the critical issues related to common method variance (CMV) that are particularly relevant to advertising research and recommend best practices for assessing the effects of CMV in this domain. Specifically, we cover the development of CMV as a domain-specific methodological concern and the underlying sources of CMV that are likely to operate in cross-sectional survey-based studies in the field of advertising. We discuss in detail the available procedural and statistical techniques that can be applied to control for and/or measure the effects of sources of CMV in a single study and across research domains. In addition, we provide a critical look at how these techniques have been employed in past research and make recommendations for future examinations of CMV in advertising research.
Raising the Stakes: Objectifying Teaching in the edTPA and Danielson Rubrics

From pre-service through seasoned professional, teachers in New York are evaluated by rubrics that represent a particular take-for-granted view of teaching. What does this view reveal about expectations for quality teaching? A qualitative content analysis of the secondary English edTPA and Danielson rubrics, grounded in codes derived from the scholarship on teacher quality from a variety of theoretical perspectives, was conducted to identify areas of alignment, dissonance, and silence. While substantial alignment exists, the analysis also reveals how traditional divides between teacher preparation and in-service practice are exacerbated across the rubrics and poses questions about whether the field is served by their use.
Chains of Life: Turing, Lebensform, and the Emergence of Wittgenstein’s Later Style

This essay accounts for the notion of Lebensform by assigning it a logical role in Wittgenstein’s later philosophy. Wittgenstein’s additions of the notion to his manuscripts of the PI occurred during the initial drafting of the book 1936-7, after he abandoned his effort to revise The Brown Book . It is argued that this constituted a substantive step forward in his attitude toward the notion of simplicity as it figures within the notion of logical analysis. Next, a reconstruction of his later remarks on Lebensformen is offered which factors in his reading of Alan Turing’s “On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem “ (1936/7), as well as his discussions with Turing 1937-1939. An interpretation of the five occurrences of Lebensform in the PI is then given in terms of a logical “regression” to Lebensform as a fundamental notion. This regression characterizes Wittgenstein’s mature answer to the question, “What is the nature of the logical?”
Ebstein-Barr Virus-Negative Clonal Plasma Cell Proliferations Associated With Systemic Involvement of Primary Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma

We describe a 66-year-old man with a long-standing history of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region who developed nodular-sclerosing subtype of classical Hodgkin lymphoma and primary cutaneous CD8-positive, cytotoxic variant of mycosis fungoides over a 1-year period of time. Within a few months of his diagnosis of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, he developed systemic involvement of T-cell lymphoma in an axillary lymph node, bone marrow and lung. Interestingly, his lung infiltrates had an Ebstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative, mature clonal plasma cell proliferations intermingled with neoplastic T cells. It showed cytoplasmic κ light chain restriction by in situ hybridization and also revealed clonal immunoglobulin light chain rearrangements in both κ and λ. No morphological or immunohistochemical evidence of his prior Hodgkin lymphoma was identified in the bone marrow or lung. In the short available follow-up (2 months to date), the patient is doing well and being evaluated for possible allogeneic stem cell transplant. The association of EBV-positive B-cell expansions in T-cell lymphomas, especially angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, is well recognized. However, EBV-negative, clonal B-cell or plasma cell proliferations in T-cell lymphoma may represent a specific phenomenon and its significance still needs further clarification. J Hematol. 2016;5(4):129-137 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jh300w
Analyzing the Change Management Case of Nissan through the Lens of Emotional Intelligence

The direction is an essential component for leadership effectiveness and organizational success as without it; organizations would maintain stagnant. Direction, vision, and communication of an organization are similar to the neural network in the human body, as a simple misfire could trigger major implications. An emerging strategy throughout many industries and setting is building effective connections and relations to support cohesive organizational movement. The following paper examines the attributes of the Nissan case study of organizational change and outlines how leadership behaviors of the study align with the framework of emotional intelligence.
Infectious diarrheal disease caused by contaminated well water in Chinese schools: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract Background In China, waterborne outbreaks of infectious diarrheal disease mainly occur in schools, and contaminated well water is a common source of pathogens. The objective of this review was to present the attack rates, durations of outbreak, pathogens of infectious diarrheal disease, and sanitary conditions of wells in primary and secondary schools in China, and to analyze risk factors and susceptibility of school children. Methods Relevant articles and reports were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program. Essential information, including urban/rural areas, school types, attack rates, pathogens, durations of outbreak, report intervals, and interventions were extracted from the eligible articles. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Kruskal–Wallis H test, and Spearman correlation test were conducted in statistical analyses. Sex- and age-specific attack rate ratios were calculated as pooled effect sizes. Results We screened 2188 articles and retrieved data of 85 outbreaks from 1987 to 2014. Attack rates of outbreaks in rural areas (median, 12.63 cases/100 persons) and in primary schools (median, 14.54 cases/100 persons) were higher than those in urban areas (median, 5.62 cases/100 persons) and in secondary schools (median, 8.74 cases/100 persons) (P = 0.004 and P = 0.013, respectively). Shigella, pathogenic Escherichia coli, and norovirus were the most common pathogens. Boys tended toward higher attack rates than girls (sex-specific attack rate ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.00–1.29, P = 0.05). Unsanitary conditions of water wells were reported frequently, and unhealthy behavior habits were common in students. Conclusion School children were susceptible to waterborne disease in China. Chinese government should make efforts to improve access to safe water in schools. Health education promotion and conscientiousness of school leaders and teachers should be enhanced.
Phenotypic associations of consensus driver genes in hepatocellular carcinoma

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main form of malignant liver cancer with poor survival. Although some critical driver aberrations were identified in HCC, neither the transcriptomic nor the clinical associations of many of these driver genes have been well-characterized. Methods: We used MutSigCV and OncodriveFM to identify the consensus driver genes across six HCC cohorts with significant functional impacts. We performed mutual exclusivity analysis among these drivers, as well as survival and association analyses between these drivers and physiological/clinical factors. We used generalized linear regression model to assess the impact of driver genes on transcriptome. Results: Using six international HCC cohorts comprising 1,494 samples in total, we obtained a consensus of 11 driver genes including TP53, CTNNB1, ALB, AXIN1, RB1, ARID1A, RPS6KA3, ACVR2A, NFE2L2, CDKN2A and HNF1A. We found that some of these driver genes are significantly associated with gender (TP53, CTNNB1, ALB), grade (TP53, ALB, RB1) and age (CTNNB1, AXIN1, RB1) in multiple cohorts. Moreover, these driver genes are significantly associated with patients9 overall survival. Integrative analysis of driver mutations, copy number variations and transcriptomic data reveals that these driver genes are associated with the majority (63%) of the mRNA transcriptome, but only a small fraction (9%) of miRNAs. Genes associated with TP53, CTNNB1, ARID1A and HNF1A mutations contribute to four most densely connected clusters of biological pathways. Conclusions: In summary, this study reveals the vast impacts of driver gene mutations (genotype) in HCC phenotypes. The consensus drivers may be valuable therapeutic targets of HCC.
Water Contamination and Pollution

Water pollution is the presence of chemical, physical, or biological components or factors producing a condition of impairment of a given water body with respect to some beneficial use. The level of contamination necessary to render a water body impaired is highly dependent on the type of water body, its location, and the types of beneficial uses it supports. A water deemed unfit for drinking by humans may be suitable for other uses, such as habitat, irrigation, or recreation. Although certain natural events can cause water pollution, we will focus herein on the anthropogenic sources of pollution, that is, pollution arising from human activities.
Nystagmus induced by stimulation of the nucleus of the optic tract in the monkey

1. The nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) was electrically stimulated in alert rhesus monkeys. In darkness stimulation evoked horizontal nystagmus with ipsilateral slow phases, followed by after-nystagmus in the same direction. The rising time course of the slow phase velocity was similar to the slow rise in optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and to the charge time of optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN). The maximum velocity of the steady state nystagmus was approximately the same as that of OKAN, and the falling time course of the after-nystagmus paralled OKAN. 2. Increases in frequency and duration of stimulation caused the rising and falling time constants of the nystagmus and after-nystagmus to become shorter. Changes in the falling time constant of the after-nystagmus were similar to changes in the time constant of OKAN produced by increases in the velocity or duration of optokinetic stimulation. 3. Stimulus-induced nystagmus was combined with OKN, OKAN and per- and post-rotatory nystagmus. The slow component of OKN as well as OKAN could be prolonged or blocked by stimulation, leaving the rapid component of OKN unaffected. Activity induced by electrical stimulation could also sum with activity arising in the semicircular canals to reduce or abolish post-rotatory nystagmus. 4. Positive stimulus sites for inducing nystagmus were located in the posterolateral pretectum. This included portions of NOT that lie in and around the brachium of the superior colliculus and adjacent regions of the dorsal terminal nucleus (DTN). 5. The data indicate that NOT stimulation had elicited the component of OKN which is responsible for the slow rise in slow phase velocity and for OKAN. The functional implication is that NOT, and possibly DTN, are major sources of visual information related to retinal slip in the animal's yaw plane for semicircular canal-related neurons in the vestibular nuclei. Analyzed in terms of a model of OKN and OKAN (Cohen et al. 1977; Waespe et al. 1983), the indirect pathway, which excites the velocity storage mechanism in the vestibular system to produce the slow component of OKN and OKAN, lies in NOT in the monkey, as it probably also does in cat, rat and rabbit. Pathways carrying activity for the rapid rise in slow phase velocity during OKN or for ocular pursuit appear to lie outside NOT.
Application of Rayleigh-Ritz method to forced convection turbulent heat transfer

An analytical model to predict heat transfer rates to an incompressible fluid in turbulent flow, with fully developed velocity profile, between a heated plate and a parallel, insulated plate is developed. The model employs van Driest's mixing length expression near the wall, a constant eddy diffusivitiy in the core and a constant turbulent Prandtl number. An approximate solution obtained by employing Rayleigh-Ritz method is shown to compare well with the ‘exact’ solution obtained by numerical integration of the differential equations. The results are compared with the available experimental data and analytical solutions.
Phosphoinositide 4- and 5-Kinases and Phosphatases

Phosphoinositides are one of the many phospholipid families found within membrane bilayers of eukaryotic cells. Site-specific phosphorylation of phosphoinositides by lipid kinases results in the generation of multiple phosphatidylinositol phosphate isomers. These mono- or poly-phosphorylated isomers either can be further modified by additional enzymes or can directly modulate numerous cellular functions. Because of the potential for phosphoinositides to alter a variety of cellular processes, their synthesis must be strictly regulated. A number of phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases have been identified and characterized. By adding or removing phosphate groups at specific positions along the inositol ring, these kinases and phosphatases dictate the signaling capacity of phosphoinositides.
Order and Odd-Even Effects in Thermotropic Nematic Polyesters

Odd-even effects were investigated for the series based on mesogen 2,2’-dimethyl-4,4’-dioxyazoxybenzene (mesogen-9) and alkanedioyl spacers1 Open image in new window In addition to homopolymers, copolymers of mesogen-9 with mixed spacers (n = 10 and n = 7) were obtained.
Ethnohistoric Sources on Foodways, Feasts, and Festivals in Mesoamerica

In the last 30 years, archaeologists worldwide have expanded their interests to include the significance of foodways to our understanding of prehistory. Many of the theories and ideas scholars currently have regarding the economic and cultural significance of food to the development of Mesoamerican civilization were directly influenced by ethnohistorians and sixteenth century documents, indigenous ­pictorial codices, and interpretations of hieroglyphic writing (Las Casas 1971 [1527–1565]; Gerbi 1985 [1975]; Boone 2000).
Boundary Layer Model for Moving Tropical Cyclones

We propose a simple theoretical model for the boundary layer (BL) of moving tropical cyclones (TCs). The model estimates the horizontal and vertical wind velocity fields from a few TC characteristics: the maximum tangential wind speed V max , the radius of maximum winds R max , and Holland’s B parameter away from the surface boundary where gradient balance is approximately valid, in addition to the storm translation velocity V t , the surface drag coefficient C D , and the vertical diffusion coefficient of the horizontal momentum K.
Improving the handover and transport of critically ill pediatric patients.

Aims and objectives The aims of this project were to (a) determine barriers to current handover and transport process, (b) develop a new protocol and process for team-to-team handover, and (c) evaluate staff satisfaction with the new process. Background The handover and transport of critically ill patients from the paediatric emergency department to the paediatric intensive care unit is a period of vulnerability associated with adverse events. Design A mixed-methods study using a quasi-experimental design and qualitative approach. Methods Focus groups were conducted to determine the barriers and facilitators of the current handover and transport process. Using these themes, a multidisciplinary team developed and implemented a new process including establishment of eight patient criteria for specialised transport and a standardised, interdisciplinary handover tool for team-to-team handover. Staff satisfaction was examined pre- and postintervention. Results Content analysis of focus groups revealed five categories: need for improved communication, cultural dissonance among units, defects in system and processes, need for standardisation and ambiguity between providers regarding acuity. Staff members reported improvements in their perceptions of satisfaction, safety, communication and role understanding associated with the new process. Conclusions Standardisation through the establishment of severity of illness criteria and communication tools creates shared mental models and decreases risks to safety. A paradigm shift of team-to-team handover and transport is recommended. Relevance to clinical practice This paper suggests the importance of improving communication during the handover and transport process through establishing standardised patient severity of illness criteria, use of standardised tools and team-to-team handover processes.