cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrating Databases into the Semantic Web through an Ontology-Based Framework

To realize the Semantic Web, it will be necessary to make existing database content available for emerging Semantic Web applications, such as web agents and services, which use ontologies to formally define the semantics of their data. Our research in the design and implementation of an ontology-based system, OntoGrate, addresses the critical and challenging problem of supporting human experts in multiple domains to interactively integrate information that is heterogenous in both structure and semantics. Databases, knowledge bases, the World Wide Web, and the emerging Semantic Web are some of the resources for which scalable integration remains a challenge. To integrate databases into the Semantic Web, we use Semantic Web ontologies to incorporate database schemas. An expressive first order ontology language, Web-PDDL, is used to define the structure, semantics, and mappings of data resources. A powerful inference engine, OntoEngine, can be used for query answering and data translation. In this paper, besides introducing new ideas in the OntoGrate system, we will elaborate on two case studies for which our system works well.
Premolarization of a Fractured Maxillary First Molar: A Multidisciplinary Treatment

The diagnosis and treatment of a fractured maxillary first molar are described in this case report of a 28-year-old male. Successful treatment of the retained palatal root of the fractured molar, referred to as premolarization, ensued from integration of endodontic, orthodontic, periodontic, and fixed prosthodontic care.
Nano-RK: an energy-aware resource-centric RTOS for sensor networks

Many sensor networking applications such as surveillance and environmental monitoring are time-sensitive in nature. To support such applications, we design and implement Nano-RK, a reservation-based real-time operating system (RTOS) with multi-hop networking support for use in wireless sensor networks. We support fixed-priority preemptive multitasking for guaranteeing that task deadlines are met, along with support for CPU and network bandwidth reservations. Tasks can specify their resource demands and the operating system provides timely, guaranteed and controlled access to CPU cycles and network packets in resource-constrained embedded sensor environments. We also introduce the concept of virtual energy reservations that allows the OS to enforce energy budgets associated with a sensing task by controlling resource accesses. A lightweight wireless networking stack supports packet forwarding, routing and TDMA-based network scheduling. Nano-RK has been implemented on the Atmel ATMEGA128 processor with the Chipcon CC2420 802.15.4 transceiver chip. Our results show that a light-weight embedded resource kernel with rich functionality and timing support is practical and constitutes a simple and alternative paradigm for supporting distributed sensing tasks
Fundulus heteroclitus gonadotropins.5: Small scale chromatographic fractionation of pituitary extracts into components with different steroidogenic activities using homologous bioassays.

Fractionation and characterization of gonadotropins (GtH) from Fundulus heteroclitus pituitary extracts were carried out using a biocompatible liquid chromatographic procedure (Pharmacia FPLC system). Chromatographic fractions were monitored for gonadotropic activities (induction of oocyte maturation and steroid production) using homologous follicle bioassays in vitro. Size-exclusion chromatography eluted gonadotropic activity in one major protein peak (Mr ~ 30,000). Anion-exchange and hydrophobic-interaction chromatography (HIC) yielded two distinct peaks of 17beta-estradiol (E2)- and 17alpha-hydroxy,20beta-dihydroprogesterone (DHP)-promoting activity with associated oocyte maturation. Two-dimensional chromatography (chromatofocusing followed by HIC) resolved pituitary extracts into two active fractions; both induced E2 synthesis, but one was relatively poor in eliciting DHP and testosterone production. Thus, using homologous bioassays, at least two quantitatively different gonadotropic (steroidogenic) activities: an E2-promoting gonadotropin (GtH I-like) and a DHP-promoting gonadotropin (GtH II-like), which has a lower isoelectric point but greater hydrophobicity than the former, can be distinguished from F. heteroclitus pituitaries by a variety of chromatographic procedures. This study complements previous biochemical and molecular data in F. heteroclitus and substantiates the duality of GtH function in a multiple-spawning teleost.
Myocardial oxygenation and adenosine release in isolated guinea pig hearts during changes in contractility.

Previous work from this laboratory using near-infrared optical spectroscopy of myoglobin has shown that ∼20% of the myocardium is hypoxic in buffer-perfused hearts that are perfused with fully oxyg...
A Systematic Review on the Affordability of a Healthful Diet for Families in the United States

Objectives As obesity rates remain alarmingly high, the importance of healthful diets is emphasized; however, affordability of such diets is disputed. Market basket surveys (MBSs) investigate the affordability of diets for families that meet minimum daily dietary requirements using actual food prices from grocery stores. This review paper describes the methods of MBSs, summarizes methodology, price and affordability findings, limitations, and suggests related policy and practice implications. Design and Sample This is a systematic review of 16 MBSs performed in the United States from 1985 to 2012. A comprehensive multidisciplinary database search strategy was used to identify articles meeting inclusion criteria. Results Results indicated MBS methodology varied across studies and price data indicated healthful diets for families are likely unaffordable when purchased from small- to medium-sized stores and may be unaffordable in larger stores when compared to the Thrifty Food Plan. Conclusions Using a social ecological approach, public health nurses and all public health professionals are prime advocates for increased affordability of healthful foods. This study includes policy advocacy, particularly in support of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits for low-income families. Future research implications are provided, including methodological recommendations for consistency and quality of forthcoming MBS research.
Optimal sequential linear interpolation applied to nonlinear color transformations

Introduces a new approach which we call sequential linear interpolation (SLI) for interpolating multidimensional nonlinear functions. SLI grid points can be nonuniformly placed. By applying asymptotic analysis, we obtain optimal conditions for placing the interpolation grid points in the SLI grid structure to minimize the interpolation error. Thus, we use the grid points more efficiently. We apply this technique to the color printer calibration problem where highly nonlinear functions must be efficiently implemented. >
Health Care Matters: Supply Chains In and Of the Health Sector

Providing health care involves a complex enterprise, and the trade-off between quality and cost has been particularly stark compared to other industries. However, a recent focus on health sector supply networks is now producing significant innovations and improvements. This Special Topic Forum illustrates for the academic and practitioner community how health care supply chain research can benefit from our evolving understanding of supply chains and help push that understanding even further. We classify health care supply chain research into two broad categories—supply chain in health care and supply chain of health care—to set an agenda for future research.
Scoliosis and Kyphosis in Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Scoliosis, kyphosis, and other spinal pathologies are often seen in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. Scoliosis and kyphosis can lead to respiratory compromise, which can result in decreased health-related quality of life. Both surgical and non-surgical management are used to treat scoliosis and kyphosis. Concerning surgical management, it must be noted that osteogenesis imperfecta patients have altered anatomy that often necessitates significant pre-operative planning and deviation from surgical techniques used in idiopathic scoliosis cases. Management focused on prevention is recommended.
New Species and Records of Psocoptera from the Ragged Islands Group, Bahamas

ABSTRACT A small collection of Psocoptera based on a rapid survey of the Ragged Islands group of the Bahamas contains 14 species in eight families. Six species are new and are described in the following genera: Echmepteryx (one), Cerobasis (one), Blaste (one), Indiopsocus (three). Pseudocaecilius similis Turner, described from Jamaica, is a new junior synonym of Pseudocaecilius tahitiensis (Karny).
Consumption, Commercial or Mortgage Loans: Does it Matter for MFIs in Latin America?

Using data on number of borrowers and loan portfolio by credit type, this paper shows that the specific credit type composition of MFIs in Latin America does matter for their performance. In particular: • Compared with microenterprise loans, higher shares of consumption loans are associated with higher yields, lower (worse) portfolio quality, and higher profitability. • More participation of mortgages is associated with smaller MFIs in terms of borrowers, lower operating expenses as percentage of average gross loan portfolio (GLP) and lower yields, higher arrears, and no difference in defaults and profitability levels. • In comparison with microenterprise loans, higher shares of commercial loans are associated with larger aggregate average loan sizes as percentage of Gross National Income per capita (GNI) and larger MFIs by GLP, higher cost per borrower, lower yields and lower portfolio quality.
Metformin Enhances Trastuzumab Efficacy and Overcomes Resistance in HER2 Type Breast Cancer Cells.

Background: HER2 alterations occur in one-fourth of breast cancers and are associated with an aggressive tumor phenotype. The anti-HER2 agent trastuzumab reduces cell proliferation, angiogenesis, DNA repair and induces antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Objective response rates and median duration of response for eligible patients given trastuzumab alone is low (12-34% and 9 months respectively), hence, it is administered in combination with other agents. Mechanisms of trastuzumab resistance include: altered receptor antibody interactions, increased signaling through other EGFR type I growth factor receptors, modulation of p27 kip1 and increased insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1) signaling. We have reported that metformin inhibits HER2 expression, tyrosine kinase activity (phosphorylated HER2 at both auto- and Src- phosphorylation sites), AKT/mTOR signaling, Cyclin D1 and E2F1 with G1 arrest in HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cells. We sought to determine if metformin would enhance trastuzumab associated cytotoxicity and modulate acquired resistance in vitro.Methods: We used trastuzumab sensitive (SKBR3, BT474) and resistant cell lines (BT-474/HR20, SKBR3/P2, MCF-7/713 and MCF-7/HER2Δ16) to study the effects of metformin, metformin + trastuzumab and trastuzumab alone. Assays included MTS for proliferation, clonogenicity studies, Western blots, and pull down experiments with Western blots.Results: Trastuzumab sensitive breast cancer cells were less sensitive to metformin alone, compared to trastuzumab resistant HER2 subtype breast cancer cell lines. Trastuzumab sensitive cells showed enhanced growth and clonogenicity inhibition when treated by both metformin and trastuzumab. At the molecular level, these bi-treated cells showed decreases in HER2/pHER2, erbB3/perbB3, and inactivation of AKT and MAPk signaling. Metformin as low as 20mM increased the efficacy of trastuzumab. All HER2 resistant cell lines showed higher levels of IGF1R and HER2/IGF1R complexes, as compared to sensitive parental lines. In these resistant lines Metformin decreased cell proliferation and clonogenicity, HER2/IGF1R complexes (identified through pull down experiments) and protein expression of HER2/pHER2, erbB3/perbB3, IGF1R/pIGF1R as well as downstream signaling via Akt and IGF1 pathways. Metformin overcame trastuzumab resistance as demonstrated by growth and clonogenicity assays.Conclusions: HER2 amplified trastuzumab resistant breast cancer cells showed greater sensitivity to metformin than sensitive parental lines. Metformin reversed trastuzumab resistance and decreased HER2:IGF1R complexes, HER2/pHER2 and IGF1R expression, whereas sensitive parental lines showed no complex formation. These preclinical data suggest a combination of metformin and trastuzumab may have clinical benefit, improving the efficacy and reducing the emergence of or reversing trastuzumab resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer patients.Herceptin graciously provided by Genentech Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1133.
l. The Reduction Waves of Cobalt Concerning to the Brdicka's Catalytic Hydrogen-Wave The Studies on Brdicka's Catalytic Hydrogen-Wave

Since Brdicka discovered the catalytic double wave of hydrogen to be caused by a protein containing sulf hydryl or disulfide group in a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride containing hexammine cobaltic chloride or cobaltous chloride, much has been studied on the mechanism. The reactions which are responsible for the catalytic waves of proteins, cystine, cysteine and other mercaptans are not well understood, but cobalt and ammonia are seemed to be necessary constituents in the appearance of the catalytic wave.The author considered the binding effects of active disulfide group in protein on cobalt and the effect of surface active character of protein on the cobalt reduction wave, and selected the following materials ; 1) Bovine Serum Albumin : the solution has both surface active character and disulfide group in it. 2) Gelatin : the solution has only surface active character and no disulfide group. 3) LEO (Polyoxyethylene laurylether) and Tween 80 (Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate) as non-ionic surface active substance. These solutions have only surface active character and no disulfide group. Parameters studied with respect to their effect on the reduction wave of hexammine cobaltic chloride in ammoniacal ammonium chloride solution were the concentration of the proteins or surface active substances, electrocapillary curve at the constant concentration of these substances, and the evaluation of electron transfer coefficient times electron number, an, of the first step of cobalt reduction wave in the presence of these substances. The influence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the reduction wave of hexammine cobaltic chloride in ammoniacal ammonium chloride solution were compared with the influences of other substances. The influence of BSA upon cobalt reduction wave was equal to the ones of the other surface active substances on the consideration of the surface active effect, but the character that is shifting the half-wave potential of the first or second step of cobalt reduction wave is different from gelatin, LEO and Tween 80. It is considered that this may depend upon active disulfide group in BSA.
Application of Ecological Model in Exercise Psychology

The ecological model includes psychological,social,physical nature,and policy levels.The interventions based on these different levels could increase participations of physical activity.The present article introduces the ecological model and its applications in the field of exercise psychology.In addition,this article introduces the current international advanced research using ecological model to promote physical activity and how this model could be used in China.
The Relationship of Triacylglycerol and Starch Accumulation to Carbon and Energy Flows during Nutrient Deprivation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Because of the potential importance of algae for green biotechnology, considerable effort has been invested in understanding their responses to nitrogen deprivation. The most frequently invoked reasons proposed for the accumulation of high cellular levels of triacylglycerol (TAG) and starch are variants of what may be termed the "overflow hypothesis." According to this, growth inhibition results in the rate of photosynthetic energy and/or carbon input exceeding cellular needs; the excess input is directed into the accumulation of TAG and/or starch to prevent damage. This study was aimed at providing a quantitative dataset and analysis of the main energy and carbon flows before and during nitrogen deprivation in a model system to assess alternative explanations. Cellular growth, biomass, starch, and lipid levels as well as several measures of photosynthetic function were recorded for cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultured under nine different autotrophic, mixotrophic, and heterotrophic conditions during nutrient-replete growth and for the first 4 d of nitrogen deprivation. The results of a (13)C labeling time course indicated that in mixotrophic culture, starch is predominantly made from CO2 and fatty acid synthesis is largely supplied by exogenous acetate, with considerable turnover of membrane lipids, so that total lipid rather than TAG is the appropriate measure of product accumulation. Heterotrophic cultures accumulated TAG and starch during N deprivation, showing that these are not dependent on photosynthesis. We conclude that the overflow hypothesis is insufficient and suggest that storage may be a more universally important reason for carbon compound accumulation during nutrient deprivation.
The utility of fast active messages on many-core chips: Efficient supercomputing project

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on the deployment of many core chips for supercomputing applications. In the many core era, power has become the limiting factor in performance scaling. This poster demonstrates the ability of active messages to increase the energy efficiency of parallel code.
Dōgen on Buddha-Nature

Dōgen (1200–53) is one of the most outstanding and distinctive figures in the history of Japanese Buddhism. He is unique in at least the following three senses.
A new Method for Estimating Photorespiration: Use of Double Labeled Glyceric Acid

The method for measuring photorespiration in C3 plants described here differs from all previous assays in that it determines the fraction of carbon passing through the photorespiratory pathway under steady state conditions. If this is known then relative values for photorespiration may be calculated. The method is based on the known stereochemistry of the enzymes involved in photosynthesis and photorespiration.
Konzeptualisierung und Strukturierung der Historieninventur im Rahmen des Wissensmanagements

Das historische Wissen um die Unternehmensentwicklung stellt eine oft unterbewertete Ressource dar. Die Generierung und Nutzung dieses Wissens kann einen positiven Einfluss auf die Wettbewerbsfii.higkeit eines Unternehmens entwick.eln. Oft greifen Unternehmen bei Ihren Entscheidungsprozessen nicht auf die intemen und schon vorhandenen Erfahrungswerte zuriick, obwohl diese Informationen aus vergangenen Entscheidungen bei nahezu allen Unternehmen vorliegen oder anhand von Mitarbeitern durch K.ompetenz und Erfahrung in einer Art Wissenspool vorhanden sind. Es gilt somit Rahmenbedingungen zu schaffen. die das individuelle Wissen durch Methoden und Tecbniken vernetzen, urn daraus eine systematische und funktionierende Wissensressource aufzubauen.
Germ Cells Get by with a Little Cannibalistic Help from Their Friends.

During development, primordial germ cells (PGCs) navigate a complex journey to generate the germline. In a recent paper in Nature Cell Biology, Nance and colleagues (Abdu et al., 2016) have discovered an unexpected step along the way: PGCs get cut in half by endodermal cells.
Demonic Influence: The Negative Mental Health Effects of Belief in Demons

Many religious traditions include a belief in the reality of demonic beings and evil powers. Previous research demonstrates that comforting beliefs, such as believing in an afterlife, can benefit mental health, but less is known about the potentially negative mental health effects of belief in evil supernatural powers. In cross-sectional analyses, we find that among young adults, believing in demons is one of the strongest (negative) predictors of mental health. More importantly, using three waves of the National Study of Youth and Religion and a cross-lagged structural equation model, we find that belief in demons can lead to lowered mental health in later waves but low mental health does not lead to greater belief in demons. In fact, when predicting changes in mental health from wave 2 to wave 3 of the study, the negative effect size of belief in demons on mental health is larger in magnitude than all other religion-related predictors.
Review: Oncolytic virotherapy, updates and future directions

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are viral strains that can infect and kill malignant cells while spare their normal counterparts. OVs can access cells through binding to receptors on their surface or through fusion with the plasma membrane and establish a lytic cycle in tumors, while leaving normal tissue essentially unharmed. Multiple viruses have been investigated in humans for the past century. IMLYGIC™ (T-VEC/Talimogene Laherparepvec), a genetically engineered Herpes Simplex Virus, is the first OV approved for use in the United States and the European Union for patients with locally advanced or non-resectable melanoma. Although OVs have a favorable toxicity profile and are impressively active anticancer agents in vitro and in vivo the majority of OVs have limited clinical efficacy as a single agent. While a virus-induced antitumor immune response can enhance oncolysis, when OVs are used systemically, the antiviral immune response can prevent the virus reaching the tumor tissue and having a therapeutic effect. Intratumoral administration can provide direct access to tumor tissue and be beneficial in reducing side effects. Immune checkpoint stimulation in tumor tissue has been noted after OV therapy and can be a natural response to viral-induced oncolysis. Also for immune checkpoint inhibition to be effective in treating cancer, an immune response to tumor neoantigens and an inflamed tumor microenvironment are required, both of which treatment with an OV may provide. Therefore, direct and indirect mechanisms of tumor killing provide rationale for clinical trials investigating the combination of OVs other forms of cancer therapy, including immune checkpoint inhibition.
Role and regulation of microRNAs targeting BTK in acute myelogenous leukemia

The Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is constitutively activated by the Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) or the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in acute myelogenous leukemi...
Is Discontinuous Reconstruction Really a Good Idea

It has been almost automatically assumed for a quarter century that the numerical solution of hyperbolic conservation laws is best accomplished by making a reconstruction of the initial data that is only piecewise continuous. The effect of the discontinuities is taken into account by means of Riemann solvers. This strategy has enjoyed great practical success but introduces only one-dimensional physics as a guide to the discretization of multidimensional problems. This article points out some of the resulting defects and proposes an alternative viewpoint. The chief novelty of the new “Active Flux” method, apart from the elimination of discontinuities, is the division into advective and acoustic disturbances, with acoustics being handled by exploiting classical solutions to the scalar wave equation. Results for a standard test problem for the compressible Euler equations indicate that an order of magnitude increase in cost effectiveness may be possible by following this approach, compared to the traditional one.
Dielectric properties of thin C r 2 O 3 films grown on elemental and oxide metallic substrates

In an attempt to optimize leakage characteristics of \ensuremath{\alpha}-$\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{r}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ thin films, its dielectric properties were investigated at local and macroscopic scale. The films were grown on Pd(111), Pt(111), and ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (0001), supported on $\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{l}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ substrate. The local conductivity was measured by conductive atomic force microscopy mapping of $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{r}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ surfaces, which revealed the nature of defects that formed conducting paths with the bottom Pd or Pt layer. A strong correlation was found between these electrical defects and the grain boundaries revealed in the corresponding topographic scans. In comparison, the $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{r}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ film on ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ exhibited no leakage paths at similar tip bias value. Electrical resistance measurements through e-beam patterned top electrodes confirmed the resistivity mismatch between the films grown on different electrodes. The x-ray analysis attributes this difference to the twin free $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{r}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ growth on ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ seeding.
Delayed clot removal and experimental vasospasm.

It is known that vasospastic arteries have reduced compliance and contractility and exhibit changes in expression of various proteins [3, 1]. It is possible that they may be altered in a manner that reduces their reactivity to blood clot and thereby contributes to the reversal of vasospasm. These experiments determined if subarachnoid blood clot induces a positive adaptive response in cerebral arteries that renders them less responsive to a subsequent challenge with subarachnoid blood.
Fracture Specific Stiffness: The Critical Link Between the Scaling Behavior of Hydro-Mechanical Coupling in Fractures and Seismic Monitoring

Abstract Sustainable and safe storage or extraction of fluids from subsurface rock depend on the ability to image and characterize fracture systems throughout the life cycle of the site. Engineered and natural changes in stress are of particular significance because fractures are topologically complex, span a range of length scales (micrometers to kilometers), and are routinely altered due to small modifications in physical and chemical processes. A long-standing goal has been to find a link between fluid flow supported by a fracture, deformation of a fracture, and the seismic response of that fracture. Fracture stiffness is the critical link that captures the deformation of the fracture void geometry and enables collapse of flow-stiffness data, from multiple length scales, to a single scaling function. Simulations of wave propagation across fractures with varying fracture geometry show that elastic wave transmission is also sensitive to the fracture geometry and that dynamic fracture specific stiffness is connected to static values. The hydro-mechanical scaling relationship provides a path forward for the remote characterization of fluid flow through fractured rock.
Gesture as simulated action: Revisiting the framework

The Gesture as Simulated Action (GSA) framework was proposed to explain how gestures arise from embodied simulations of the motor and perceptual states that occur during speaking and thinking (Hostetter & Alibali, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15, 495-514, 2008). In this review, we revisit the framework's six main predictions regarding gesture rates, gesture form, and the cognitive cost of inhibiting gesture. We find that the available evidence largely supports the main predictions of the framework. We also consider several challenges to the framework that have been raised, as well as several of the framework's limitations as it was originally proposed. We offer additional elaborations of the framework to address those challenges that fall within the framework's scope, and we conclude by identifying key directions for future work on how gestures arise from an embodied mind.
Development of an Alkaloid—Pyrone Annulation: Synthesis of Pleiomaltinine (XIII).

Annulation of carbazoles and related heterocycles with 3-siloxy-4-pyrones provides unusual alkaloid-pyrone structures.
Book Review: The Archaeology of Mural Painting at Pañamarca, Peru by Lisa Trever

Lisa Trever. The Archaeology of Mural Painting at Panamarca, Peru . Washington D.C., Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2017. ISBN 9780884024248. xvi + 350 pages, 14 color illustrations, 255 halftones, 67 line illustrations, 1 map. $69.95 (paperback). The north coast of Peru, with a tradition of constructing earthen buildings, was a hub of mural painting. Murals decorated pre-Columbian adobe architecture, including the interior and exterior of monumental architecture, religious centers, plazas, and tombs. Mural painting in the ancient Americas is a practice that extends back thousands of years and, in the absence of a textual record in the pre-Columbian Andes, offers insight to understanding indigenous cosmology and practices. These murals and buildings are rarely encountered intact today, as natural and human forces such as rain, wind, and looting have been detrimental to their preservation. Panamarca, located in the Nepena Valley on the north coast of Peru, is not likely to be a familiar archaeological site to scholars outside of pre-Columbian studies. Vivid, brightly colored murals from the Moche culture, which flourished on the north coast of Peru between 200 and 800 C.E., were discovered and published in the 1950s, bringing the site prominent national and international attention.1 These murals depicted figural imagery of processing priests and warriors, ceremonies, and supernatural beings engaged in battle. At the time, murals such as these were unknown elsewhere. Their figural representations of mythology and ritual have shaped the scholarship of the Moche world and iconography. Mural E, the most well-known of Panamarca’s wall paintings, has been used as an important example of a narrative of human sacrifice and ritual toasting. It features a priestess offering a sacrificial goblet flanked by priests, captured warriors, and human sacrifice. This scene, dubbed the “Presentation Theme” and later “Sacrifice Ceremony,” is believed to be a principal component of Moche religious and political ideology.2 Numerous projects throughout the 20th century …
Coaching the Parental Side of the Game.

The purpose of this article is to provide recommendations for coaches for developing positive relationships with parents/guardians. The more thoughts given to the specific plans for building rappor...
Patient Education: A Comparison of Teaching Strategies for Patients With Brain Neoplasms.

Background A diagnosis of cancer, specifically a brain neoplasm, can be daunting and confusing to patients and their family members. It is important to find ways to provide education about diagnosis, symptoms, medications, treatment, and side effects in a usable and retrievable format. Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the following three teaching strategies on patients' knowledge and understanding of their diagnosis. Methods This was a prospective pre-/post-test pilot study including patients who had been diagnosed with brain neoplasms. Findings Among 30 patients enrolled during a seven-month period, those who received strategy 3 had higher mean post-test knowledge scores compared to those who received strategy 1 or 2, but the difference was not statistically significant. The results suggest that TEAL-reinforced education is helpful for keeping appointments and may be associated with better knowledge retention regarding disease process and medications. In addition, fewer calls were made to the healthcare team in the strategy 3 group compared to the strategy 1 and 2 groups.
An orally bioavailable broad-spectrum antiviral inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and multiple endemic, epidemic and bat coronavirus

Abstract Coronaviruses (CoVs) traffic frequently between species resulting in novel disease outbreaks, most recently exemplified by the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we show that the ribonucleoside analog β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC, EIDD-1931) has broad spectrum antiviral activity against SARS-CoV 2, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and related zoonotic group 2b or 2c Bat-CoVs, as well as increased potency against a coronavirus bearing resistance mutations to another nucleoside analog inhibitor. In mice infected with SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV, both prophylactic and therapeutic administration of EIDD-2801, an orally bioavailable NHC-prodrug (b-D-N4-hydroxycytidine-5’-isopropyl ester), improved pulmonary function, and reduced virus titer and body weight loss. Decreased MERS-CoV yields in vitro and in vivo were associated with increased transition mutation frequency in viral but not host cell RNA, supporting a mechanism of lethal mutagenesis. The potency of NHC/EIDD-2801 against multiple coronaviruses, its therapeutic efficacy, and oral bioavailability in vivo, all highlight its potential utility as an effective antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 and other future zoonotic coronaviruses.
What constitutes a syndemic? Methods, contexts, and framing from 2019.

Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to describe what methods were used for 60 articles on HIV syndemics in 2019, where they took place, what syndemic clusters emerged, and why this matters. Recent findings Most articles published in 2019 used regression analyses, and fewer used higher level modeling techniques, frequencies and descriptive, longitudinal cohort study, and social network analysis. Some employed ethnography, qualitative interviews, or were simply reviews. Most syndemic co-factors were substance abuse, risky sexual behavior, depression, intimate partner violence, stigma, sexually transmitted infections, and trauma and non-communicable diseases. Half of the studies were conducted in the United States and mostly in urban areas. Other contexts were Canada, Kenya, Uganda, Liberia, Nigeria, South Africa, and Botswana, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, India, Indonesia, China, Peru, and Romania. Summary Most recommendations suggested that people living with HIV need interventions that address other factors situated within their life, such as their mental health, social stigma, experiences of trauma and intimate partner violence, and social stigma and sexual risk taking. Many took an intersectoral approach and emphasized the need to consider the various factors that shape experiences with HIV, from sex, sexuality, class, race and ethnicity, and past trauma.
Changes in Adult Alcohol Use and Consequences During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US.

This survey study examines individual-level changes in alcohol use in US adults and associated negative consequences, from before to during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
State Variability in Peer Review Protections Heightens Liability Risks.

Abstract Objective To highlight various state-specific gaps in legal protections involving the peer review process with the goal of helping participants better identify and address potential hazards so they may continue to confidently engage in peer review activities. Methods State laws regarding peer review protections involving privilege and confidentiality were searched through Westlaw (a legal research database) and state government websites and categorized. Results Gaps in protection were identified in 17 states and the District of Columbia. In the 18 jurisdictions in which potential legal gaps were identified, the most common exceptions involved peer review activities that were initiated without a legally required number of participants, were not formally mandated by the institution or other external body, or that were voluntarily discussed outside of the peer review context by participants in the process. Conclusion The widespread variability in state-based peer review protections showcases the complexity of deciphering peer review law and emphasizes the need to not just read the relevant state and federal laws but to obtain the professional guidance of a lawyer experienced in peer review law before engaging in peer review activities. These measures will improve providers’ engagement in peer review and strengthen an important tool for quality improvement.
A matched-control analysis on the effects of alcohol use disorder following primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Introduction The purpose of this study was to determine whether alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients undergoing reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) have increased: 1) lengths of stay (LOS); 2) complications; and 3) costs. Methods The study identified 19,168 patients in the study (n = 3198) and control (n = 15,970) cohort. In-hospital LOS, 90-day complications, and costs were assessed. Results AUD patients had significantly longer LOS (3- vs. 2-days, p < 0.0001), higher9 0-day medical complications (49.59 vs. 14.81%; p < 0.0001), and 90-day costs of care ($18,763.25 vs. $16,035.49, p < 0.0001). Conclusions The study is useful as it can allow healthcare professionals to adequately counsel these patients.
Frontline healthcare workers' mental distress, top concerns, and assessment on hierarchy of controls in response to COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey study.

BACKGROUND: The existing studies showed that frontline healthcare workers during an epidemic experienced unusual stressors and mental distress which even lasted for years after the crisis. It is important to learn about their concerns early to mitigate the negative impact as well as to evaluate disease control from experiences on the front lines for improving responses to the outbreak. The study aimed to provide insights on how to strengthen public health responses to protect healthcare workers both physically and mentally, and effectively control the disease in light of hierarchy of controls. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was distributed online via Qualtrics to frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 through a university's nursing program and received 267 valid responses from 103 certificated nursing assistants, 125 nurses, and 39 other health professionals. A descriptive data analysis with a Chi-square test at a two-sided 0.05 level of significance was performed on factors that potentially affected mental health of healthcare workers and effectiveness of disease control at workplace in five domains. The themes were summarized on open-ended questions. RESULTS: About 30% of the respondents showed the symptom of depression and needed a further investigation. The influencing factors in five domains were examined. Engineering and administrative controls, as well as PPE were widely used in response to COVID-19. The respondents assessed the state and workplace responses to COVID-19 better than the federal government responses. The workplace responses were considered most effective. Multiple factors with a statistically significant correlation with effectiveness of the disease control at workplace were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggested that timely responses at policy level will be more effective than other measures in early prevention and control of the pandemic, mental distress should be addressed in addition to PPE, and nursing programs should consider providing a situation-specific career coaching or counseling for students. A longitudinal study at a larger scale is warranted to capture the variation of time change with the disease control evolvement and across geographic regions.
Effects of Parkinson’s Disease and a Secondary Cognitive Task on Standing Postural Stability

With recent successes in characterizing standing postural stability of people with neurological disorders, Time-to-Boundary (TTB) measures have potential to provide deeper insights into the impacts of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dual tasking on postural control. The TTB captures the critical relationship between the body sway and base of support, not incorporated into traditional stability measures. However, few studies have evaluated TTB in people with PD. The purpose of this study is to extend the existing work on how PD and a distracting cognitive task impacts standing postural stability. Different TTB measures were applied to data from fourteen PD and thirteen neurotypical adults (NA) subjects. Our results indicate that TTB measures are significantly worse in PD than NA subjects regardless of the existence of a secondary cognitive task. Further, medio-lateral TTB (but not anterior-posterior or 2-dimensional) was significantly negatively affected by the secondary cognitive task in both PD and NA groups.
Inflation and Dirac in the Causal Set Approach to Discrete Quantum Gravity

In this approach to discrete quantum gravity the basic structural element is a covariant causal set ($c$-causet). The geometry of a $c$-causet is described by a shell-sequence that determines the discrete gravity of a universe. In this growth model, universes evolve in discrete time by adding new vertices to their generating $c$-causet. We first describe an inflationary period that is common to all universes. After this very brief cycle, the model enters a multiverse period in which the system diverges in various ways forming paths of $c$-causets. At the beginning of the multiverse period, the structure of a four-dimensional discrete manifold emerges and quantum mechanics enters the picture. A natural Hilbert space is defined and a discrete, free Dirac operator is introduced. We determine the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of this operator. Finally, we propose values for coupling constants that determine multiverse probabilities. These probabilities predict the dominance of pulsating universes.
Figural aftereffects elicited by gross action patterns: the role of kinesthetic aftereffects in the arm-shoulder musculature.

Abstract To differentiate between the influence of kinesthetic aftereffects in the arm-shoulder musculature versus ancillary gait and vestibular cues upon the production of figural aftereffects, 40 volunteer subjects were employed in tasks which required that they identify the shape of various pathways while walking through them blindfolded. During the initial and final traversals of a straight “test” pathway the subjects used a different hand to hold the guide stick than that used as they walked through the curved “inspection” pathways. It was found that 67.5% of the subjects reported aftereffects (perceived that the straight pathway was curved in a direction opposite to that walked in the curved pathway) under the conditions described. It was concluded that figural aftereffects of movement elicited by blindfolded walking may be independent of kinesthetic aftereffects in the arm-shoulder musculature—possibly because of the manner in which guide sticks were employed. Theoretical and methodological implica...
Studies on phagocytosis. I. Uptake of radio-iodinated (131-I) human serum albumin as a measure of the degree of phagocytosis in vitro.

Abstract A new method is described for measuring the phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from rabbit peritoneal exudate based on the uptake of external fluid during phagocytosis. The advantages of the method are discussed.
The Standard of Care in Legal Malpractice: Do the Model Rules of Professional Conduct Define It?

The standard of care for legal malpractice is normally established by expert testimony as to the customary practice of lawyers in the jurisdiction. In recent years, an increasing number of courts have permitted evidence that an attorney has violated an ethical rule of professional conduct to show a breach of the professional standard of care. Although this practice is by no means universally accepted, the implications of this trend are noteworthy.
Knocking down catalase leads to increased ROS production and proliferation in glioma cells

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 4417 Gliomas are resistant to cancer therapies resulting in poor patient survival. We hypothesize that this resistance is due, in part, to an altered antioxidant enzyme profile. Catalase, a primary antioxidant enzyme that scavenges H2O2, is constitutively elevated in gliomas when compared to their normal cell counterpart, the astrocyte. Catalase enzymatic activity is 2-fold higher and greater than 4-fold higher in C6 and 36B10 rat glioma cell lines, respectively. Furthermore, catalase protein and activity are elevated in numerous other rat and human glioma cell lines. Increasing evidence supports a functional role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in signaling cascades that promote proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. We hypothesize that knockdown of catalase in glioma cells would increase ROS production leading to an increased sensitivity to anticancer therapies mediated via oxidative stress. To test this hypothesis, we have implemented two approaches to knock-down catalase expression in C6 and 36B10 cell lines. The first, a pharmacological approach, uses 3-amino 1,2,4 triazole (3-AT), an irreversible inhibitor of catalase. Incubation of glioma cells with 1-10 mM 3-AT led to a dose-dependent reduction in catalase activity; 10 mM 3-AT completely abrogated catalase enzymatic activity in C6 gliomas; 100 mM 3-AT was required to inhibit catalase activity in 36B10 cells due to higher constitutive catalase activity. Additionally, we have generated glioma cells stably expressing catalase shRNA using the Ambion® p Silencer ™ 4.1-CMV puro expression vector. These stables show a 75% reduction in catalase protein accompanied with a corresponding reduction in catalase activity. Unexpectedly, catalase inhibition via pharmacological and molecular approaches failed to radiosensitize gliomas cells. Of interest, glioma cell lines stably expressing catalase shRNA demonstrated an elevation in intracellular ROS accompanied by increased cell viability as assessed by MTT. Moreover, inhibition of catalase was not compensated by an increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity. Further analyses show that cells stably expressing catalase shRNA exhibit an increase in cell proliferation when compared to controls. We hypothesize that the ROS generated via catalase inhibition are utilized to signal growth and survival rather than cell death. Therefore, we propose that these stable glioma cell lines represent a novel tool to define the role of peroxides in glioma radioresistance and proliferation.
Development of an assay for saccharide detection

Lignocellulosic biomass, one of the most abundant forms of biomass, is a polysaccharide waste material with the potential to serve as a good carbon source for cell systems [1]. Cellulose, a primary component of lignocellulosic biomass, is a polysaccharide composed of glucose monomers. Bioengineered cell systems that rely on glucose can therefore be fed with degraded cellulosic waste material. The development of an assay for saccharide detection will allow rapid and simple screening for the presence of degraded complex sugars. 3,5-dinitrosalycilic acid, DNS, is a mild oxidizing agent which reacts with exposed aldehydes of saccharides, causing a quantifiable colorimetric change. Here we describe the development of a set of assays for saccharide detection that allow for characterization of polysaccharide content. We anticipate using this novel assay in combination with unique cellulases to effectively digest cellulosic biomass for utilization in glucose-dependent bioengineered cell consortia.