cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antibiotics in gynaecological infections

Summary The antibiotic management of infections in gynaecological patients is discussed, with special emphasis on infected abortions, salpingo-oophoritis and hospital-acquired infections.
Knowledge-based artificial neural networks

Abstract Hybrid learning methods use theoretical knowledge of a domain and a set of classified examples to develop a method for accurately classifying examples not seen during training. The challenge of hybrid learning systems is to use the information provided by one source of information to offset information missing from the other source. By so doing, a hybrid learning system should learn more effectively than systems that use only one of the information sources. KBANN ( Knowledge-Based Artificial Neural Networks ) is a hybrid learning system built on top of connectionist learning techniques. It maps problem-specific “domain theories”, represented in propositional logic, into neural networks and then refines this reformulated knowledge using backpropagation. KBANN is evaluated by extensive empirical tests on two problems from molecular biology. Among other results, these tests show that the networks created by KBANN generalize better than a wide variety of learning systems, as well as several techniques proposed by biologists.
Hepatic vascular toxicity of dacarbazine (DTIC): not a rare complication.

A fatal massive hepatic necrosis with widespread thrombotic occlusion of the small hepatic veins developed in two of 68 patients treated with DTIC for advanced melanoma in a randomized study. Thirteen similar reactions, in patients treated with single-agent DTIC, are reported in the literature. Several clinical and pathologic features distinguish this DTIC toxicity from Budd-Chiari syndrome and veno-occlusive disease (both well-known types of possibly drug-related hepatic vascular disease) and make it a distinctive syndrome. We were impressed by the repeated occurrence of this complication in a relatively small set of patients, in contrast with the rarity of the literature reports. We suggest that this dramatic complication could occur more frequently than commonly thought. Therefore, caution should be used with DTIC particularly in curable patients.
The Basic Leucine Zipper Domain of c-Jun Functions in Transcriptional Activation through Interaction with the N Terminus of Human TATA-binding Protein-associated Factor-1 (Human TAFII250)

We previously reported that c-Jun binds directly to the N-terminal 163 amino acids of Homo sapiens TATA-binding protein-associated factor-1 (hsTAF1), causing a derepression of transcription factor IID (TFIID)-driven transcription (Lively, T. N., Ferguson, H. A., Galasinski, S. K., Seto, A. G., and Goodrich, J. A. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 25582–25588). This region of hsTAF1 binds TATA-binding protein to repress TFIID DNA binding and transcription. Here we show that the basic leucine zipper domain of c-Jun, which allows for DNA binding and homodimerization, is necessary and sufficient for interaction with hsTAF1. Interestingly, the isolated basic leucine zipper domain of c-Jun was able to derepress TFIID-directed basal transcription in vitro. Moreover, when the N-terminal region of hsTAF1 was added to in vitro transcription reactions and overexpressed in cells, it blocked c-Jun activation. c-Fos, another basic leucine zipper protein, did not interact with hsTAF1, but c-Fos/c-Jun heterodimers did bind the N terminus of hsTAF1. Our studies show that, in addition to dimerization and DNA binding, the well characterized basic leucine zipper domain of c-Jun functions in transcriptional activation by binding to the N terminus of hsTAF1 to derepress transcription.
Integration of large-area polymer nanopillar arrays into microfluidic devices using in situ polymerization cast molding

Presented here is a simple and robust approach for the integration of mixed-scale (nm–cm) structures into fluidic devices. We report on devices composed of large-area polymer nanopillar arrays of high aspect ratio (33–667) integrated into microfluidic channels fabricated by cast-molding polymerization of methyl methacrylate with mechanically/lithographically patterned, nanoporous aluminium oxide (AAO) templates. The microchannels containing the nanopillar arrays can be chemically functionalized and used for a variety of applications, such as separation beds or solid-phase reactors/extractors.
Allosteric Modulation of Dopamine Receptors

Allosteric modulators allow for the fine-tuning of receptor responses to endogenous neurotransmitters and exogenous therapeutic agents. Different types of allosteric modulation of dopamine receptors are discussed as well as the significance of such modulation in the control of normal biological processes and in the treatment of disease.
Intravenous administration of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor in patients of PiZ and PiM phenotype

Nine patients with moderate pulmonary emphysema, six of P i Z phenotype and three of P i M phenotype, have received a single intravenous infusion of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (human) (A1PI), in a dose of 60 mg/kg over a 30-minute period. They also received a tracer dose (300 μ Ci) of 131 I-labeled A1PI. No active or passive immunization against hepatitis was given. No acute toxicity was observed. Compared with baseline data, significant elevations of serum A1PI (measured both antigenically and as anti-elastase activity) occurred, with a serum half-life approximating 110 hours. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, obtained 48 hours after infusion, reflected a significant increase in A1PI concentration versus baseline bronchoalveolar lavage fluid values. Serial gamma camera images of the lungs confirmed persistence of enhanced lung radioactivity for several days. Urinary desmosine excretion did not change following A1PI infusion. During the period of follow-up thus far, no patient has had chronic toxicity, results of liver function tests have been stable, and there has been no development of hepatitis B antigen or antibodies to hepatitis B surface or core antigens.
Scapholunate Ligament Injuries: A Review of Current Concepts:

Injuries to the scapholunate ligament are common, especially among young active individuals. Surgeons are faced with a difficult problem because of imperfect surgical outcomes and the high demands of this patient population. Here, we review the current concepts and newest literature on scapholunate ligament injuries as well as the classification and treatment options for each stage of scapholunate instability. Emphasis is on stages in which reconstructive rather than salvage procedures can be performed. The natural history is poorly understood; it is unknown which and how many scapholunate injuries lead to wrist arthritis (SLAC wrist). Partial injuries are rare and in small studies did well with arthroscopic treatment. Complete injuries are graded based on the acuity of the injury, the presence and reducibility of scapholunate malalignment, and, finally, cartilage status. In acute injuries, anatomic repair usually leads to satisfactory results, and many authors augment the repair with a capsulodesis technique. In chronic injuries, the presence of static malalignment usually leads to inferior outcomes. Various techniques have been devised and improved over the years. These techniques appear to provide a more anatomic reconstruction, with less loss of motion; motion is 60–80 % of the contralateral side and grip strength averages 65–90 %. Once there is cartilage loss, the surgeon only has salvage procedures to choose from, tailored to the degree of arthritis.
Analysis of the clinical variables driving decision in an artificial neural network trained to identify the presence of myocardial infarction.

Study objective: To determine which clinical variables drive the output of an artificial neural network trained to identify the presence of myocardial infarction. Design: Partial output analysis. Setting: Tertiary university teaching center. Participants: Seven hundred six patients more than 18 years old presenting with anterior chest pain. Measurements: Differential network output analysis. Main results: A methodology was developed as the first step in measuring the impact input clinical variables have on the output (diagnosis) of an artificial neural network trained to identify the presence of acute myocardial infarction. The methodology revealed that the network used the presence of ECG findings, as well as the presence of rales, syncope, jugular venous distension, response to trinitroglycerin, and nausea and vomiting, as major predictive sources. Although this first-step analysis studied individual variables, it must be stated that the network comes to clinical closure based on the settings of all variables in a pattern and that the impact of a single variable cannot be taken out of the context of a pattern. Conclusion: An artificial neural network trained to recognize the presence of myocardial infarction appears to place diagnostic importance on clinical variables that have not been shown previously to be highly predictive for infarction.
Conformational stabilities of dimethylmethoxyphosphine and dimethyl(methylthio)phosphine from temperature dependent infrared spectra of rare gas solutions

Abstract Variable temperature (−55 to −150°C) studies of the infrared spectra (3500 to 400 cm−1) of dimethylmethoxyphosphine, (CH3)2POCH3 and dimethyl(methylthio)phosphine, (CH3)2PSCH3 dissolved in liquid krypton and/or xenon have been recorded. From these data, the enthalpy differences have been determined to be 393±50 cm −1 (4.71±0.60 kJ / mol ), for (CH3)2POCH3 with the near-cis conformer the more stable rotamer and 80±10cm−1 (0.96±0.12 kJ / mol ) for (CH3)2PSCH3 with the cis conformer the more stable form. Complete vibrational assignments are presented for both molecules, which are consistent with the predicted frequencies obtained from the ab initio MP2/6-31G(d) calculations. The optimized geometries, conformational stabilities, harmonic force fields, infrared intensities, Raman activities, and depolarization ratios have been obtained from RHF/6-31G(d) and/or MP2/6-31G(d) ab initio calculations. These quantities are compared to the corresponding experimental quantities when appropriate as well as with some corresponding results for some similar molecules.
Raman scattering from microcrystalline Si films: Considerations of composite structures with different optical absorption properties

Abstract Raman scattering measurements are used to characterize the amorphous and crystalline components of microcrystalline Si films. A model is described which addresses the properties of Raman scattering from composites of materials of different optical absorption. The analysis shows that the observed spectra is dependent on both the percentage of the components and on the domain size of the more highly absorbing domains. Samples of microcrystalline silicon prepared by excimer laser exposure of hydrogenated a-Si and by magnetron sputtering were measured, and the results were analyzed in terms of the model. The experimental results reflect the length scales of the domains and vibrational excitations.
Prediction model for prevalence and incidence of advanced age-related macular degeneration based on genetic, demographic, and environmental variables.

Knowledge about genetic and epidemiologic associations with the leading cause of blindness among the elderly, age-related macular degeneration, has grown exponentially in recent years. Several genetic variants with strong and consistent associations with AMD have recently been identified.1–15 We also know that in addition to age, ethnicity, and family history, there are modifiable factors: smoking,16 –19 nutritional antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acid intake,20 –27 and overall and abdominal adiposity.28 –30 However, it remains unknown whether all these genetic and environmental factors act independently or jointly and to what extent they as a group can predict the occurrence of AMD or progression to advanced AMD from early and intermediate stages. Such information may be useful for screening those at high risk due to a positive family history or having signs of early or intermediate disease, among whom some progress to advanced stages of AMD with visual loss. Early detection could reduce the growing societal burden due to AMD by targeting and emphasizing modifiable habits earlier in life and recommending more frequent surveillance for those highly susceptible to the disease. Treatment trials will also benefit from such information by enrolling participants with more homogeneous risks of developing the outcome in question. To develop and evaluate such a model, we assessed the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors toward prevalence and incidence of advanced AMD in a well-characterized multicenter study population. We also developed an algorithm and receiver operating curve models to discriminate between individuals who developed advanced AMD and those who did not.
Teaching Lesbian Studies

Editorial Note: This essay on teaching lesbian studies is the first submission in a new feature in the Journal of Homosexuality, aimed at providing guidance to students and faculty who wish to teach courses in LGBT studies or to learn about basic concepts in the field such as minority stress, coming out models, heterosexism, etc. Esther D. Rothblum starts us out on this mission with her experiences teaching a course in lesbian studies. We encourage commentary on this piece and submissions about other experiences in teaching or introductions to basic concepts in sexuality and gender studies. This article describes teaching an upper-level undergraduate course on lesbian studies. It focuses on the types of students likely to enroll in this course, key aspects of gender identity and sexual orientation to be included, national and international issues to be discussed, and potential readings.
Unit Load Size Determination Based on Economic Move Quantity

Material handling in job shop environments is accomplished through the transfer of parts between work centres. Parts that are grouped together prior to transfer form a unit load. A new method is proposed for determining the unit load size, called the economic move quantity (EMQ), based on cost considerations during the design phase of the production system. EMQ takes into account system performance through the use of a queueing network model.
The Troponin Tail Domain Promotes a Conformational State of the Thin Filament That Suppresses Myosin Activity

In cardiac and skeletal muscles tropomyosin binds to the actin outer domain in the absence of Ca2+, and in this position tropomyosin inhibits muscle contraction by interfering sterically with myosin-actin binding. The globular domain of troponin is believed to produce this B-state of the thin filament (Lehman, W., Hatch, V., Korman, V. L., Rosol, M., Thomas, L. T., Maytum, R., Geeves, M. A., Van Eyk, J. E., Tobacman, L. S., and Craig, R. (2000) J. Mol. Biol. 302, 593–606) via troponin I-actin interactions that constrain the tropomyosin. The present study shows that the B-state can be promoted independently by the elongated tail region of troponin (the NH2 terminus (TnT-(1–153)) of cardiac troponin T). In the absence of the troponin globular domain, TnT-(1–153) markedly inhibited both myosin S1-actin-tropomyosin MgATPase activity and (at low S1 concentrations) myosin S1-ADP binding to the thin filament. Similarly, TnT-(1–153) increased the concentration of heavy meromyosin required to support in vitro sliding of thin filaments. Electron microscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction of thin filaments containing TnT-(1–153) and either cardiac or skeletal muscle tropomyosin showed that tropomyosin was in the B-state in the complete absence of troponin I. All of these results indicate that portions of the troponin tail domain, and not only troponin I, contribute to the positioning of tropomyosin on the actin outer domain, thereby inhibiting muscle contraction in the absence of Ca2+.
Angioendotheliomatosis associated with histiocytic lymphoma: Response to systemic chemotherapy

A patient with cutaneous lesions consistent histologically, ultrastructurally, and immunohistochemically with angioendotheliomatosis is described. The cutaneous lesions appeared 14 months prior to the diagnosis of histiocytic lymphoma of the retroperitoneum. Both the cutaneous lesions and the lymphoma responded well to systemic chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, hydroxydoxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone.
High-energy scaling of Compton scattering light sources

No monochromatic ($\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{x}/{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{x}l1%$), high peak brightness [$g{10}^{20}\text{ }\mathrm{photons}/(\mathrm{m}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\mathrm{mrad}}^{2}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{s}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}0.1%\text{ }\mathrm{bandwidth})$], tunable light sources currently exist above 100 keV. Important applications that would benefit from such new hard x-ray and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray sources include the following: nuclear resonance fluorescence spectroscopy and isotopic imaging, time-resolved positron annihilation spectroscopy, and MeV flash radiography. In this paper, the peak brightness of Compton scattering light sources is derived for head-on collisions and found to scale quadratically with the normalized energy, $\ensuremath{\gamma}$; inversely with the electron beam duration, $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\tau}$, and the square of its normalized emittance, $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$; and linearly with the bunch charge, $e{N}_{e}$, and the number of photons in the laser pulse, ${N}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}\mathrm{\text{:}}\text{ }{\stackrel{^}{B}}_{x}\ensuremath{\propto}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{2}{N}_{e}{N}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}/{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{2}\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\tau}$. This ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{2}$ scaling shows that for low normalized emittance electron beams (1 nC, $1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{mm}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathrm{mrad}$, $l1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{ps}$, $g100\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$), and tabletop laser systems ($1--10\text{ }\mathrm{J}$, 5 ps) the x-ray peak brightness can exceed ${10}^{23}\text{ }\mathrm{photons}/(\mathrm{m}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\mathrm{mrad}}^{2}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{s}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}0.1%\text{ }\mathrm{bandwidth})$ near $\ensuremath{\hbar}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{x}=1\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$; this is confirmed by three-dimensional codes that have been benchmarked against Compton scattering experiments performed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The interaction geometry under consideration is head-on collisions, where the x-ray flash duration is shown to be equal to that of the electron bunch, and which produce the highest peak brightness for compressed electron beams. Important nonlinear effects, including spectral broadening, are also taken into account in our analysis; they show that there is an optimum laser pulse duration in this geometry, of the order of a few picoseconds, in sharp contrast with the initial approach to laser-driven Compton scattering sources where femtosecond laser systems were thought to be mandatory. The analytical expression for the peak on-axis brightness derived here is a powerful tool to efficiently explore the 12-dimensional parameter space corresponding to the phase spaces of both the electron and incident laser beams and to determine optimum conditions for producing high-brightness x rays.
Building apps with open data in india: an experience

Open data is a well-established paradigm to make data available freely to everyone. The general belief is that open data leads to rapid pace in problem discovery, empowerment of citizens and greater collaborations. Opening up government data for free public access is a global trend, which India too followed in 2012. Though India is one of the early adopters, it has been ranked low in the last year's Open Data Index. We participated in an open data app contest conducted by Government of India to come up with societal applications based on the datasets provided in data.gov.in portal. We would like to share our experiences and challenges during this contest and compare them with a similar internal contest that we participated in, where datasets were from U.S.
The impact of change upon rural-urban migrants in Turkey

Abstract The focus of this study is people's perception of their housing. The study took place in Ankara, Turkey, during the 1990–1991 academic year. The intention was not to test a particular set of hypotheses but to compare and contrast the lives of people who had migrated to squatter settlements in Ankara with those who had remained in rural settings. The key idea in selecting the two communities was to have a pool of interviewees who were reasonably similar with regard to life experimence except for the recent migration of the one group. The migrant group selected was living in a well-established squatter settlement which is located about a 10–15 minute minibus ride south of the city center. The sample of non-migrants came from a rural farming community about an hour drive northwest of Ankara. Data was collected utilizing a questionnaire during interviews conducted in the residents' homes. Questions dealt with both objective issues regarding their housing as well as their evaluations of the quality of their housing. The data analysis went through a series of stages, each stage reflecting another way of viewing the information. First, each set of evaluative variables and objective variables was analyzed, utilizing factor analysis and multidimensional scaling respectively, to derive a smaller number of index variables. Second, the total population (N=102) was segmented into the rural and urban groups and a t-test was performed to identify significant differences between these two populations. Third, the total population was segmented into four subgroups (urban male, urban female, rural male and rural female), which were compared utilizing analysis of variance to determine the impact of gender and environment on the residents' responses. Finally, a multiple linear regression analysis of the total population and the rural and urban subgroups was done to identify the subset of independent variables that are most useful for predicting resident satisfaction. The results indicate that there is a difference between rural and urban residents' perceptions of their housing. Rural residents are generally more satisfied with their housing than their urban counterparts. It seems that these differences in perceptions are influenced less by gender than by environment. Finally, although there is an objective difference in the quality of housing, the results suggest that subjective evaluations may have a greater impact on satisfaction than objective measures of residential quality.
British Colonial Legacies and Political Development

Abstract This paper investigates the developmental legacies of British colonial rule. It draws on insight from qualitative case studies, which show that direct and indirect rule institutionalized very different states and thereby differentially affected postcolonial political development. The study proposes that these qualitative findings might provide insight into mechanisms underlying past statistical work on colonial state legacies. Using a variable measuring the extent to which 33 former British colonies were ruled through indirect legal-administrative institutions, the analysis finds that the extent of indirect colonial rule is strongly and negatively related to several different indicators of postcolonial political development while controlling for other factors. It therefore provides evidence that the present levels of political development among former British colonies have historical roots and have been shaped by the extent to which they were ruled either directly or indirectly during the colonial period.
Noninvasive Monitoring of Oxidative Stress in Transplanted Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Objectives The goal of this study was to validate a pathway-specific reporter gene that could be used to noninvasively image the oxidative status of progenitor cells. Background In cell therapy studies, reporter gene imaging plays a valuable role in the assessment of cell fate in living subjects. After myocardial injury, noxious stimuli in the host tissue confer oxidative stress to transplanted cells that may influence their survival and reparative function. Methods Rat mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were studied for phenotypic evidence of increased oxidative stress under in vitro stress. On the basis of their up-regulation of the pro-oxidant enzyme p67phox subunit of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD[P]H oxidase p67phox), an oxidative stress sensor was constructed, comprising the firefly luciferase (Fluc) reporter gene driven by the NAD(P)H p67phox promoter. MSCs cotransfected with NAD(P)H p67phox–Fluc and a cell viability reporter gene (cytomegalovirus–Renilla luciferase) were studied under in vitro and in vivo pro-oxidant conditions. Results After in vitro validation of the sensor during low-serum culture, transfected MSCs were transplanted into a rat model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) and monitored by using bioluminescence imaging. Compared with sham controls (no IR), cardiac Fluc intensity was significantly higher in IR rats (3.5-fold at 6 h, 2.6-fold at 24 h, 5.4-fold at 48 h; p Conclusions Pathway-specific reporter gene imaging allows assessment of changes in the oxidative status of MSCs after delivery to ischemic myocardium, providing a template to monitor key biological interactions between transplanted cells and their host environment in living subjects.
Acquisition deficits induced by sodium nitrite in rats and mice

Graded doses of sodium nitrite were administered shortly before or immediately after a single training trial in an inhibitory avoidance task. A retention test was given at 24 h (rats) or 72 h (mice) after training. The results indicate that sodium nitrite impairs acquisition of an inhibitory avoidance response in rats and mice. Retention was impaired with doses lower than those required for producing hypoxic effects, as measured by the EEG, methemoglobin levels in the blood, blood pressure, and heart rate. Since hypoxia was not involved, it is likely that the effects were mediated by some direct action of sodium nitrite on the CNS.
Letting It All Hang Out: Mardi Gras Performances Live and on Video

Mayer examines Mardi Gras as a commodified spectacle of female nudity in live performance, softcore video, and tourism. Mardi Gras brings together entrepreneurs and consumers in ways that reveal gender, race, and class relations not only in today's U.S. but also in America's consumption of its global Others.
Cavitary melanoma of the ciliary body. A study of eight cases

Abstract Purpose The authors present the unique clinical features of cavitary uveal melanoma. Design Retrospective chart review. Participants Eight patients with cavitary uveal melanoma. Main outcome measures The clinical, ultrasonographic, and histopathologic features of eight patients with cavitary melanoma of the ciliary body were studied. Results In all eyes there was a brown ciliary body mass that blocked transmission of light on trans-scleral transillumination. Ocular ultrasonography revealed a large, single hollow cavity (unilocular "pseudocyst") in five cases and multiple hollow cavities (multilocular "pseudocyst") in three cases. The cavity occupied a mean of 55% of the entire mass thickness (range, 31%–79%). In five cases, a basal uveal mass was noted on ultrasonography. Four patients underwent tumor resection; one had enucleation, and three had 125 I radioactive plaque treatment. In the five cases confirmed histopathologically, the cavitation was empty, contained erythrocytes, serous fluid, and/ or pigment-laden macrophages. In no case was the cavity lined by necrotic tumor, endothelial cells, or epithelial cells. Conclusion Ciliary body melanoma can develop an intralesional cavity resembling an intraocular cyst. The presence of a solid mass at the base and a thick wall surrounding the cavity can assist in the differentiation of cavitary melanoma from benign cyst.
Doppler quantification of echo-contrast injections in vivo

It is difficult to quantify myocardial perfusion using contrast echocardiography because the echogenicity of injected contrast is unknown. We propose that a measurement of Doppler amplitude from blood in a systemic artery during the passage of contrast could define the needed input function. Time-amplitude curves from pulsed Doppler cuffs on coronary and carotid arteries of 7 dogs were analyzed during aortic root and left atrial injections of Albunex. We found in individual animals that the areas under the Doppler time-amplitude curves were correlated to the amount of Albunex injected (R = 0.87-0.99), inversely correlated to cardiac output (R = 0.83), and uncorrelated to coronary flow (R = 0.18). Due to better mixing, the coronary and carotid response areas correlated better for left atrial injections (R = 0.96) than for aortic root injections (R = 0.56). We conclude that Doppler amplitude detection can be used to quantify the passage of echo-contrast agents, that the measurements comply with indicator-dilution principles, and that systemic measurements in the carotid artery could be used to predict the coronary input function for injection sites with good systemic mixing.
Stress and attributional style as predictors of self-reported depression in children

Attributional approaches to depression, such as hopelessness theory (Abramson, Metalsky, & Alloy, 1989), suggest that a stable, global attributional style for negative events combined with failure to achieve a highly valued outcome will lead to depression. The current study assessed the ability of the interaction of attributional style and daily negative events to predict self-reported depression in children. Eighty-four children between the ages of 9 and 12 participated in this longitudinal study. Self-reported depression symptoms were assessed before and after exposure to stressful events. The data analysis consisted of stepwise hierarchical multiple-regression procedures. While attributional style alone did not predict change in self-reported depression symptoms following stressful events, the interaction of attributional style with stress did predict them. Stress predicted depression symptoms as well.
Evolution From Fibrinolytic Therapy to a Fibrinolytic Strategy for Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Placebo-controlled trials with fibrinolytic agents first demonstrated important reductions in morbidity and mortality when reperfusion therapy was administered to patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).1,2 Although primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a better reperfusion strategy when compared with fibrinolytic therapy in randomized clinical trials,3 geographic access and logistical delays in time-to-treatment may decrease some of the benefits of primary PCI in clinical practice.4 Patients in the comparative trials were selected for randomization, delays to primary PCI were short, differences between treatments were magnified by the inclusion of studies with streptokinase, bleeding and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) rates with fibrinolysis may have been increased by higher anticoagulation targets than are now used, and reinfarction rates after fibrinolysis may have been higher than in the current era where clopidogrel and enoxaparin have shown benefit.5–7 Most importantly, fibrinolytic therapy was tested as monotherapy, with crossover to rescue PCI or the early invasive strategy discouraged by most protocols. In contrast, national registry reports including a broader spectrum of patients, time delays, interventional cardiologists, and hospitals have shown no difference in mortality rates between primary PCI and fibrinolytic therapy coupled with early coronary angiography.8,9 Thus, the fibrinolytic strategy that includes timely coronary angiography, and is now recommended by practice guidelines, is different from the fibrinolytic therapy that was tested years ago against placebo or primary PCI.10,11 Article see p 1139 The best current fibrinolytic strategy may include the combination of bolus tenecteplase,12 aspirin,2 clopidogrel,5,6 and enoxaparin7 as initial therapy. Clopidogrel is recommended because prasugrel and ticagrelor have not been tested with fibrinolytic therapy. These agents facilitate prehospital treatment13 and improve outcomes in patients with …
Character Recognition by Incoherent Spatial Filtering

The character recognition method described here is based on the principle of incoherent spatial matched filtering. The input to this matched filter is not the unknown character itself, but its Fraunhofer diffraction pattern. The intensity distribution in this diffraction pattern is insensitive against shifting of the unknown character, avoiding the need for character registration. The incoherent matched filter is easier to implement than the coherent matched filter, since only binary rather than continuous-tone masks are required. The theory and some experiments will be discussed and compared with other optical character recognition methods.
Identification of DNA Replication and Cell Cycle Proteins That Interact with PCNA

The identity of DNA replication proteins and cell cycle regulatory proteins which can be found in complexes involving PCNA were investigated by the use of PCNA immobilized on Sepharose 4B. A column containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) bound to Sepharose was used as a control. Fetal calf thymus extracts were chromatographed on PCNA-Sepharose and BSA-Sepharose. The columns were washed and then eluted with 0.5 M KCl. The salt eluates were examined for the presence of both DNA replication proteins (Pol alpha, delta, straightepsilon, PCNA, RFC, RFA, DNA ligase I, NDH II, Topo I and Topo II) and cell cycle proteins (Cyclins A, B1, D1, D2, D3, E, CDK2, CDK4, CDK5 and p21) by western blotting with specific antibodies. The DNA replication proteins which bound to PCNA-Sepharose included DNA polymerase delta and straightepsilon, PCNA, the 37 and 40 kDa subunits of RFC, the 70 kDa subunit of RPA, NDH II and topoisomerase I. No evidence for the binding of DNA polymerase alpha, DNA ligase I or topoisomerase II was obtained. Of the cell cycle proteins investigated, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK5 were bound. This study presents strong evidence that PCNA is a component of protein complexes containing DNA replication, repair and cell cycle regulatory proteins.
Computational structural analysis based on intravascular ultrasound imaging before in vitro angioplasty: Prediction of plaque fracture locations

AbstractObjectives. This in vitro study was designed to test the hypothesis that a structural analysis based on intravascular ultrasound images of atherosclerotic vessels obtained before angioplast...
Effects of interleukin 4 on neonatal B lymphocyte tolerance.

Abstract Perturbation of antigen receptors on mouse neonatal B cells by rabbit anti-mouse IgM antibody was shown to inhibit cell proliferation in response to the B cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide. When these antibody-inactivated cells were challenged with lipopolysaccharide in the presence of the helper T cell product interleukin 4, a strong proliferative response was observed. Interleukin 4 alone did not cause proliferation of the antibody-treated B cells. Pretreatment with interleukin 4 did not prevent neonatal B cell inactivation by the antibody. Our results show that neonatal B cells inactivated directly through their antigen receptors can be reactivated by the combined signals of interleukin 4 and lipopolysaccharide.
The Forchheimer equation : A theoretical development

In this paper we illustrate how the method of volume averaging can be used to derive Darcy's law with the Forchheimer correction for homogeneous porous media. Beginning with the Navier-Stokes equations, we find the volume averaged momentum equation to be given by $$\langle v_\beta \rangle = - \frac{K}{{\mu _\beta }} \cdot (\nabla \langle p_\beta \rangle ^\beta - \rho _\beta g) - F\cdot \langle v_\beta \rangle .$$ The Darcy's law permeability tensor, K, and the Forchheimer correction tensor, F, are determined by closure problems that must be solved using a spatially periodic model of a porous medium. When the Reynolds number is small compared to one, the closure problem can be used to prove that F is a linear function of the velocity, and order of magnitude analysis suggests that this linear dependence may persist for a wide range of Reynolds numbers.
Targeting erythroblast-specific apoptosis in experimental anemia

Erythrocyte production is regulated by balancing precursor cell apoptosis and survival signaling. Previously, we found that BH3-only proapoptotic factor, Nix, opposed erythroblast-survival signaling by erythropoietin-induced Bcl-xl during normal erythrocyte formation. Since erythropoietin treatment of human anemia has limitations, we explored the therapeutic potential of abrogating Nix-mediated erythroblast apoptosis to enhance erythrocyte production. Nix gene ablation blunted the phenylhydrazine-induced fall in blood count, enhanced hematocrit recovery, and reduced erythroblast apoptosis, despite lower endogenous erythropoietin levels. Similar to erythropoietin, Nix ablation increased early splenic erythroblasts and circulating reticulocytes, while maintaining a pool of mature erythroblasts as erythropoietic reserve. Erythrocytes in Nix-deficient mice showed morphological abnormalities, suggesting that apoptosis during erythropoiesis not only controls red blood cell number, but also serves a "triage" function, preferentially eliminating abnormal erythrocytes. These results support the concept of targeting erythroblast apoptosis to maximize erythrocyte production in acute anemia, which may be of value in erythropoietin resistance.
Continuous intravenous dosing with ciprostene using a portable pump in ambulatory patients.

Parenteral compounds present special drug delivery challenges. This open-label study evaluated a portable infusion pump as a means to deliver intravenous ciprostene, a stable prostacyclin analog. Ten patients with peripheral vascular disease and claudication received ciprostene (titrated to 120 ng/kg/min) infused over 8 hours 1 day per week for 4 consecutive weeks. Patients successfully maintained the pump strapped to the waist. The mean +/- standard deviation delivery error, with volumes of 6 to 10 mL over 8 hours, was -0.895 +/- 3.177%. Accordingly, the pump performed well with a potent drug under these clinical conditions. Headache, flushing, and infusion site irritation during infusion were the most frequent side effects. Blood pressure remained unchanged during infusion; however, heart rate increased significantly (P < .05, maximum increase was 13.9 +/- 2.1 beats per minute [mean +/- standard error of the mean]. Mean (+/- standard error of the mean) relative claudication times on treadmill remained unchanged; however, absolute claudication times increased (P < .05) from 6.6 +/- 1.8 to 10.0 +/- 2.2 minutes. Ciprostene inhibited adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation by 56.0 +/- 12.7% (mean +/- standard error of the mean). Mean template bleeding times and plasma concentrations of platelet-specific proteins (beta-thromboglobulin, platelet factor 4) did not change.
Using GIS-Based Ecological-Economic Modeling to Evaluate Policies Affecting Agricultural Watersheds

Abstract This paper has three purposes. The first is to conceptualize agricultural watersheds as complex adaptive human ecosystems that co-produce agricultural goods and ecosystem services. The second is to demonstrate a generalizable framework for the spatial modeling of ecosystem service production in watersheds based on this conceptualization. The third is to examine the policy implications of the analysis conducted using this spatial decision support system (SDSS). Analyses using the SDSS show that restrictions on soil loss to the “tolerance level” (T) cause average farm income to decline by only 4%, a reduction that is nearly eliminated if the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is available to farmers as an income-generating alternative. The spatially variable response of farmers to soil loss restrictions and the CRP creates a complex pattern of winners and losers and a markedly different land use pattern and crop mix than occurs without these programs. The land use pattern associated with T restrictions and the CRP yields about 64% lower erosion rates and 43% lower sediment yields than the pattern without T restrictions or CRP. These and other results from the SDSS analysis point out that ecosystem service-based subsidies, such as CRP, improve the joint production of farm income, soil conservation and water quality in agricultural watersheds. These subsidies could perhaps receive greater funding by shifting agricultural subsidies from income supports tied to yield and price as well as other crop-based programs. In this way, public expenditures on agriculture would produce a valuable public benefit in the form of load reductions in a TMDL context, and an augmentation of ecosystem services now in decline in many agricultural watersheds. Further methodological developments now underway using evolutionary algorithms can find near-optimal solutions for farms over time and for landscape patterns over whole watersheds.
Polyphase apparent power and power factor under distorted waveform conditions

It is pointed out that the term apparent power does not have a unique meaning when used to describe polyphase, nonsinusoidal systems; in a general case it is an artificial concept with no physical interpretation. It is shown that this ambiguity can have implications for power factor calculations, reactive current compensation, and revenue metering. The time-domain based method of defining and measuring the apparent power is discussed. The necessity of a critical revision of terms relating to apparent power in the IEEE Standard Dictionary is pointed out. >
Extensive Upper and Mid Ureteral Loss in Newborns: Experience With Reconstruction in 2 Patients

Purpose: We describe our experience with reconstruction of the ureter in 2 patients who sustained extensive upper and mid ureteral loss as newborns.Materials and Methods: Two male patients, a 1-month-old and a neonate, sustained extensive ureteral loss due to candidal infection involving the retroperitoneum and ureter. The 1-month-old sustained a loss of the middle third of the ureter, and the neonate sustained a 3 cm. loss of the upper ureter. The first case was managed with a combination of renal mobilization and an extensive Boari flap, while the second was managed with renal mobilization and nephropexy with primary ureteropyelostomy.Results: Both patients had a successful outcome with no evidence of anastomotic stenosis or obstruction.Conclusions: Extensive upper and middle third ureteral defects may be primarily bridged successfully in pediatric patients using the standard technique of renal mobilization combined with ureteropyelostomy and a Boari flap, respectively.
Applying lean Six Sigma to reduce linen loss in an acute care hospital

This paper describes a case study in an acute care hospital that formed a cross-functional team to apply the Lean Six Sigma problem solving methodology and tools to improve the linen processes. The goal of the project was to identify and implement process improvements that would reduce linen loss. The project team applied the Six Sigma DMAIC (Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control) problem solving approach. The team was able to improve the key linen operational metric, soil to clean linen ratio by 16% and saved $77,480 for the first year, by making operational improvements and implementing automated linen and scrub dispensers.
Beyond Knowledge: Exploring Why Some Teachers Are More Thoughtfully Adaptive Than Others

As teacher educators, we have observed that knowledge alone does not lead to the kinds of thoughtful teaching we strive for. Puzzled by differences in the teaching practices of teacher candidates having similar professional knowledge, we explore what might account for these differences. We address what is necessary, beyond traditional forms of professional knowledge, to support the development of thoughtful teachers who are responsive to students and situations. We provide four perspectives, each drawn from areas in which we conduct our research, and suggest a need to move beyond knowledge in teacher education. Our aim is to explore questions about preparing thoughtful teachers and to challenge others to do the same. We postulate that self-knowledge and a sense of agency with the intent of purposefully negotiating personal and professional contexts may be as important, if not more important, than the more traditional conceptions of professional knowledge.
STABILITY OF LIPOSOMES PREPARED FROM THE TOTAL POLAR LIPIDS OF METHANOSARCINA MAZE1 IS AFFECTED BY THE SPECIFIC SALT FORM OF THE LIPIDS

The total polar lipids (TPL) extracted from the archaeobacterium Methaaosarcina mazei were predominantly in the form of sodium and potassium salts. Upon passage of this natural salt form of TPL (ns-TPL) through a silica gel G column (s-TPL), the molar ratio of the monovalent cations, sodium plus potassium, to that of the divalent cations, magnesium plus calcium, decreased from about 1 1 : 1 to 2 : 1. Liposomes (archaeosomes) made from ns-TPL were unable to efficiently retain low molecular weight aqueous markers such as 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF). In phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.14), between 60-90% and 90-100% of entrapped CF leaked out during 21 h storage at room temperature (20-22°C) and 3 h at 50°C respectively. However, archaeosomes made with the s-TPL, as well as from TPL converted to the salt forms of predominantly sodium, potassium, calcium or magnesium, were significantly less leaky. The archaeosomes made with s-TPL were the most stable, showing less than 7% leakage after 21 h at room temperature and only 14% leakage of CF after 3 h at 50°C. The stability of s-TPL archaeosomes (21 h, 20-22°C) was not affected when Tris-HC1 buffer (pH 7.4) was used instead of PBS. However, the inclusion of 1 or 10 mM EGTA in the TrisHCl buffer increased the amount of CF leaked, to about 25% and loo%, re
Sources of excess taurine excreted in rats following whole body irradiation.

Summary1. X-irradiation does not alter concentration of taurine in muscle, spleen, thymus or liver tissue of rats exposed to x-radiation 24 hrs. prior to study. However, during this period, there is a marked increase in urinary excretion of taurine. Thus preformed tissue taurine does not appear to be the source of excess taurine excreted following irradiation. 2. Rats maintained on a diet designed to cause a depletion of sulfhydryl compounds (cholic acid feeding) have a significantly reduced urinary taurine response to whole-body irradiation. 3. When rats maintained on sulfhydryl-depleting diet were given subsequently an l-cystine supplemented diet, the lowered urinary taurine response to irradiation was not restored to normal.