cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human parvovirus B19-associatedarthritis in children

Human parvovirus B19 (HPV B19) infection has been associated with chronic jointcomplaints in adult patients. We now report 22 children with joint complaints associated with recent HPV B19 infection. These children had either erythema infectiosum or serologic evidence of recent infection. Twenty children had arthritis; two had arthralgias. Eleven children had associated constitutional symptoms. Laboratory findings were generally normal. The duration of joint symptoms was less than 4 months in 14 children; however, six children have had persistent arthritis for 2 to 13 months, which would fulfill criteria for the diagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Although HPV B19 is usually associated with acute arthritis of brief duration, in some children infection with HPV B19 may be associated with the development of chronic arthritis.
Correction to the Field of View for the High Altitude Observatory Mark-Iii K Coronameter

The field of view widely in use for representation of the coronal data collected with the Mark III K-coronameter at Mauna Loa is incorrect. Analysis of the observations of a partial solar eclipse in August 1980 and of observations of high eruptive prominences seen both with the K-coronameter and the occulted Hα chromospheric telescope at Mauna Loa indicate that the field of view actually begins 0.09 R⊙ higher than thought; the pixel-to-pixel separation is as originally published. We describe the analysis which leads to the description of the image scale and discuss both the qualitative and quantitative effects of this new information on published results.
Population dynamics and intraspecific interactions of an ectosymbiotic midge in a river in southern Maine, USA

AbstractEctosymbioses between the Chironomidae and their hosts continue to be documented, but life-history details are not well known. I investigated population dynamics of the commensal midge Nanocladius (Plecopteracoluthus) sp. #5 over a 3-y period to understand the importance of intraspecific interactions in determining host and attachment site use. Patterns of infestation intensity and prevalence on hosts indicated a peak spring emergence, though emergence extended throughout the open-water period. There was no difference in emergence timing of adults, indicating population synchrony. Temperature played a key role in directing life-history events. As temperature increased in the spring, midges migrated to the dorsal thorax for pupation and this migration coincided with an increase in aggressive behavior by resident midges. The density distribution on hosts suggested these midges detected and attached to hosts in a random manner, but that territorial behaviors and age were important in determining tube...
Low temperature exotherm in starch/water systems: a retrogradation marker

DSC measurements at slow ( < 1.0°C min−1) heating speeds reveal a crystallization exotherm in the −4-−6°C region for starch/water systems. The same exotherm is not observed for other polysaccharides such as guar and is sensitive to chemical modification of the starch sample. The DSC thermograms have been interpreted in terms of three different levels of water organization in the starch matrix.
Detection and assessment by positron emission tomography of a genetically determined defect in myocardial fatty acid utilization (long-chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency)☆

Genetic defects in fatty acid oxidation are important, inherited causes of cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathies, and childhood sudden death. The clinical manifestations and their severity vary widely among affected subjects and different age groups. Although measurement of serum and urinary fatty acid intermediary metabolites and enzymatic assays establish the diagnosis of a defect in fatty acid oxidation, they do not predict the specific clinical manifestations nor their severity in a given subject. To determine whether impaired myocardial fatty acid utilization, indicative of cardiac phenotypic expression of a specific genetic abnormality in fatty acid oxidation, can be detected, cardiac positron emission tomography with the metabolic tracers carbon-11-labeled palmitate and acetate was performed in 6 patients with long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACD) deficiency and in 9 control subjects. The myocardial extraction of both tracers was similar in patients and controls. The rate of clearance of palmitate from myocardium was significantly prolonged in patients compared with that in control subjects (0.022 ± 0.012 vs 0.061 ± 0.033 min−1; p < 0.025), indicative of a decreased rate of oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. Furthermore, the extent of diminution of clearance of palmitate, quantified in terms of the rate of clearance for palmitate divided by that for acetate (to correct for individual differences in overall mitochondrial oxidative metabolic flux), correlated with the clinical severity of the long-chain ACD deficiency. Accordingly, noninvasive evaluation with positron emission tomography may not only facilitate diagnosis, but also enable assessment of the pathogenetic impact and effects of therapeutic interventions in the hearts of subjects with specific, inherited defects in fatty acid oxidative metabolism.
Some Effects of Age, Preimaginal Habitat, and Adult Food on Susceptibility of Boll Weevil to Certain Insecticides

Experiments were conducted to determine the toxicity of Guthion® (O,O -dimethyl S-( 4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3-( 4H)- ylmethyl) phosphorodithioate), BHC, and toxaphene to the boll weevil under certain conditions of preimaginal habitat, adult food source, and weevil age. There was a 48- and 61-fold difference in the LD-50 of BHC and toxaphene, respectively, between the easiest to kill group (square-reared, bloom-fed, 2-day-old) and the hardest to kill group of weevils (boll-reared, boll-fed, 9-day-old). The LD-50 values were relatively constant in all tests using Guthion. The susceptibility of boll weevils to BHC and toxaphene was influenced to a greater extent by the adult food source than the age of the weevil or its preimaginal habitat. Based on LD-50 values, the order of susceptibility of the boll weevil to BHC and toxaphene was: boll-reared <square-reared, square-fed <bloom-fed, boll-fed<square-fed, and 9-day-old<2- day-old weevils.
Cerebral oximetry monitoring during preoperative phlebotomy to limit allogeneic blood use in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Preoperative phlebotomy can minimize the need for allogenic blood products. Frequently, removed blood is replaced with intravenous fluids to maintain euvolemia (acute normovolemic hemodilution [ANH]). During cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), ANH may present problems when the circuit prime causes further hemodilution and unacceptably low hemoglobin. This investigation aimed to demonstrate that minimum volume replacement after preoperative phlebotomy can be used safely when guided by cerebral oxygenation (rSO2) measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). This prospective study included patients undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease. After preoperative phlebotomy, fluid replacement was guided by mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, and rSO2, which were measured at baseline, immediately after phlebotomy, and 15 and 30 min after phlebotomy. This study enrolled 38 patients ages 3 months to 50 years. Preoperative phlebotomy removed 9.3 ± 2.9 mL/kg of blood, and 5.6 ± 5.1 mL/kg of crystalloid was administered intraoperatively. Within 30 min after phlebotomy, 23 patients had a MAP decrease of 20 % or more from baseline. This fall in MAP coincided with a decrease in rSO2 of 20 or more at 2 of 114 measured points. Initially, rSO2 decreased from 74 ± 9 to 68 ± 10 but thereafter remained constant. On five occasions, rSO2 decreased 20 or more from baseline, but no patient’s NIRS value was less than 45. A decrease in rSO2 occurred more commonly in younger patients and those who had a larger volume of blood removed. Preoperative phlebotomy without significant volume replacement can be performed safely before CPB. Volume replacement may be more appropriately guided by rSO2 than by hemodynamic variables.
Cloning of a delta opioid receptor by functional expression

Opiate drugs have potent analgesic and addictive properties. These drugs interact with receptors that also mediate the response to endogenous opioid peptide ligands. However, the receptors for opioids have eluded definitive molecular characterization. By transient expression in COS cells and screening with an iodinated analog of the opioid peptide enkephalin, a complementary DNA clone encoding a functional delta opioid receptor has been identified. The sequence shows homology to G protein-coupled receptors, in particular the receptors for somatostatin, angiotensin, and interleukin-8.
On the Validity of the Autobiographical Emotional Memory Task for Emotion Induction

The Autobiographical Emotional Memory Task (AEMT), which involves recalling and writing about intense emotional experiences, is a widely used method to experimentally induce emotions. The validity of this method depends upon the extent to which it can induce specific desired emotions (intended emotions), while not inducing any other (incidental) emotions at different levels across one (or more) conditions. A review of recent studies that used this method indicated that most studies exclusively monitor post-writing ratings of the intended emotions, without assessing the possibility that the method may have differentially induced other incidental emotions as well. We investigated the extent of this issue by collecting both pre- and post-writing ratings of incidental emotions in addition to the intended emotions. Using methods largely adapted from previous studies, participants were assigned to write about a profound experience of anger or fear (Experiment 1) or happiness or sadness (Experiment 2). In line with previous research, results indicated that intended emotions (anger and fear) were successfully induced in the respective conditions in Experiment 1. However, disgust and sadness were also induced while writing about an angry experience compared to a fearful experience. Similarly, although happiness and sadness were induced in the appropriate conditions, Experiment 2 indicated that writing about a sad experience also induced disgust, fear, and anger, compared to writing about a happy experience. Possible resolutions to avoid the limitations of the AEMT to induce specific discrete emotions are discussed.
Anonymity versus Perceived Patron Identity in Virtual Reference Transcripts

Librarians who provide virtual reference services often perceive that their patrons self-identify to some degree, even when transactions are anonymous. They also develop a sense of patrons' greatest research-related needs over time. In this article, two librarians analyze two years' worth of virtual reference transcripts to determine what patrons actually disclose about their identities and their needs. The authors discuss the benefits of both preserving anonymity and perceiving needs and identity. The authors also suggest a framework and methodology that other librarians may use to perform similar investigations at their libraries.
Stability of Up- and Down-Milling Using Chebyshev Collocation Method

The dynamic stability of the milling process is investigated through a single degree-of-freedom model by determining the regions where chatter (unstable) vibrations occur in the two-parameter space of spindle speed and depth of cut. Dynamic systems like milling are modeled by delay-differential equations (DDEs) with time-periodic coefficients. A new approximation technique for studying the stability properties of such systems is presented. The approach is based on the properties of Chebyshev polynomials and a collocation representation of the solution at their extremum points, the Chebyshev collocation points. The stability properties are determined by the eigenvalues of the approximate monodromy matrix which maps function values at the collocation points from one interval to the next. We check the results for convergence by varying the number of Chebyshev collocation points and by simulation of the transient response via the DDE23 MATLAB routine. The milling model used here was derived by Insperger et al. [14]. Here, the specific cutting force profiles, stability charts, and chatter frequency diagrams are produced for up-milling and down-milling cases for one and four cutting teeth and 25 to 100 % immersion levels. The unstable regions due to both secondary Hopf and flip (period-doubling) bifurcations are found which agree with the previous results found by other techniques. An in-depth investigation in the vicinity of the critical immersion ratio for down-milling (where the average cutting force changes sign) and its implication for stability is presented.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Personal computer simulations of two New England trawl fisheries

Abstract This paper outlines the basic components of two personal-computer-based bioeconomic simulators for New England otter trawlers and presents selective results illustrating their use for policy analysis. It has proved difficult to monitor the economic status of commercial fisheries because of technical, bureaucratic and cost considerations associated with survey procedures, and the difficulty of timely acquisition of biological and harvest data. The author has developed an alternative approach which combines information from various data bases, including periodic surveys, and integrates them in a budgeting or “economic engineering” approach. The result of these adaptations is a tool useful for extension education as well as for research policy evaluation.
Continuous-wave photoacoustic microscopy

We have built a photoacoustic microscope (PAM) using an amplitude-modulated continuous-wave (CW) laser source, which is an inexpensive 120-mW laser diode. By using a bowl-shaped piezoelectric transducer, whose numerical aperture is 0.85 and resonance frequency is 2.45 MHz, we have experimentally demonstrated a lateral resolution of 600 mm, an axial resolution of 700 mm, and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as high as 43 dB. Although the SNR in the CW PAM system is an order of magnitude worse than that of the pulsed-laser-based PAM system, CW PAM shows potential for biomedical applications as it uses durable and inexpensive semiconductor lasers, which will significantly reduce operation costs of the PAM systems.
Purification and properties of NADP+:Isocitrate dehydrogenase from lactating bovine mammary gland

Abstract NADP+:isocitrate dehydrogenase has been purified to homogeneity from lactating bovine mammary gland. Purification was achieved through the use of affinity and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The isolated enzyme gives one band when stained for protein or enzyme activity on discontinuous alkaline gel electrophoresis. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 55,000 as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis and a Stokes radius of 4.1 nm as measured by gel chromatography. The enzyme will not use NAD+ in place of NADP+ and has an absolute requirement for divalent cations. The apparent Km values for dl -isocitrate, Mn2+, and NADP+ were found to be 8, 6, and 11 μ m , respectively. The Mn2+- d s-isocitrate complex is the most likely substrate for the mammary enzyme with a Km of 3 μ m . The properties of mammary NADP+:isocitrate dehydrogenase are compared with those of the homologous enzymes from pig heart and bovine liver, and its characteristics are discussed with respect to the function of the enzyme in lactating mammary gland.
Development and clinical evaluation of a verapamil transdermal delivery system

Abstract The objectives of this investigation were to develop a verapamil-releasing transdermal delivery System (verapamil-TDS) using isopropyl myristate (IPM) as a permeation enhancer and to evaluate its clinical performance in human subjects. Delivery Systems containing verapamil and IPM were formulated from biocompatible silicone elastomers. In vitro skin permeation kinetics were evaluated using excised hairless mouse skin. The delivery System was optimized for both verapamil loading dose and IPM concentration. The verapamil-TDS was evaluated in eight, normal, male human subjects. The delivery System was applied for 24 h, while the plasma concentrations of verapamil and norverapamil were monitored for 48 h. The amount of drug released was estimated by measuring the amount remaining in the delivery System at the end of the 24 h application period. Both steady-state plasma concentration and AUC for total verapamil equivalent (verapamil+norverapamil) were proportional to the surface area of the delivery System and the amount of verapamil released.
A HPLC method for the quantification of butyramide and acetamide at ppb levels in hydrogeothermal waters

A quantitative analytical method to determine butyramide and acetamide concentrations at the low ppb levels in geothermal waters has been developed. The analytes are concentrated in a preparation step by evaporation and analyzed using HPLC-UV. Chromatographic separation is achieved isocratically with a RP C-18 column using a 30 mM phosphate buffer solution with 5 mM heptane sulfonic acid and methanol (98 : 2 ratio) as the mobile phase. Absorbance is measured at 200 nm. The limit of detection (LOD) for BA and AA were 2.0 μg L−1 and 2.5 μg L−1, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for BA and AA were 5.7 μg L−1 and 7.7 μg L−1, respectively, at the detection wavelength of 200 nm. Attaining these levels of quantification better allows these amides to be used as thermally reactive tracers in low-temperature hydrogeothermal systems.
Creating Defined Gaseous Environments to Study the Effects of Hypoxia on C. elegans

Oxygen is essential for all metazoans to survive, with one known exception1. Decreased O2 availability (hypoxia) can arise during states of disease, normal development or changes in environmental conditions2-5. Understanding the cellular signaling pathways that are involved in the response to hypoxia could provide new insight into treatment strategies for diverse human pathologies, from stroke to cancer. This goal has been impeded, at least in part, by technical difficulties associated with controlled hypoxic exposure in genetically amenable model organisms. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is ideally suited as a model organism for the study of hypoxic response, as it is easy to culture and genetically manipulate. Moreover, it is possible to study cellular responses to specific hypoxic O2 concentrations without confounding effects since C. elegans obtain O2 (and other gasses) by diffusion, as opposed to a facilitated respiratory system6. Factors known to be involved in the response to hypoxia are conserved in C. elegans. The actual response to hypoxia depends on the specific concentration of O2 that is available. In C. elegans, exposure to moderate hypoxia elicits a transcriptional response mediated largely by hif-1, the highly-conserved hypoxia-inducible transcription factor6-9. C .elegans embryos require hif-1 to survive in 5,000-20,000 ppm O27,10. Hypoxia is a general term for "less than normal O2". Normoxia (normal O2) can also be difficult to define. We generally consider room air, which is 210,000 ppm O2 to be normoxia. However, it has been shown that C. elegans has a behavioral preference for O2 concentrations from 5-12% (50,000-120,000 ppm O2)11. In larvae and adults, hif-1 acts to prevent hypoxia-induced diapause in 5,000 ppm O212. However, hif-1 does not play a role in the response to lower concentrations of O2 (anoxia, operational definition <10 ppm O2)13. In anoxia, C. elegans enters into a reversible state of suspended animation in which all microscopically observable activity ceases10. The fact that different physiological responses occur in different conditions highlights the importance of having experimental control over the hypoxic concentration of O2. Here, we present a method for the construction and implementation of environmental chambers that produce reliable and reproducible hypoxic conditions with defined concentrations of O2. The continual flow method ensures rapid equilibration of the chamber and increases the stability of the system. Additionally, the transparency and accessibility of the chambers allow for direct visualization of animals being exposed to hypoxia. We further demonstrate an effective method of harvesting C. elegans samples rapidly after exposure to hypoxia, which is necessary to observe many of the rapidly-reversed changes that occur in hypoxia10,14. This method provides a basic foundation that can be easily modified for individual laboratory needs, including different model systems and a variety of gasses.
6-Methylcoumarin photocontact dermatitis.

Sporadic cases of a severe photocontact dermatitis have appeared in the last few years following use of fruity-smelling suntan preparations and sunlight exposure. We report five such cases in women who developed severe edema and erythema of sun-exposed areas shortly after application of agents containing 6-methylcoumarin used as fragrance. Routine photopatch testing was unproductive in reproducing the reaction, but immediate application of 6-methylcoumarin before ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation elicited significant positive results.
Description of beam position monitor signals with harmonic functions and their Taylor series expansions

Abstract Under most circumstances, appropriately processed signals from electric or magnetic beam sensing systems can be described by the real or imaginary part of the Taylor series expansion of an analytical function of a complex variable. This description can provide very good understanding of such signals and can be used to great advantage for the design of beam position monitor systems.
Echocardiographic Evaluation of Congenital Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction

Left ventricular outflow obstructions (LVOTO) encompass a series of stenotic lesions beginning within the anatomic left ventricular outflow tract and ending in the descending thoracic aorta, occurring alone or in series. The degree of stenosis and hemodynamic consequences may vary from mild and well tolerated to severe and functionally limiting. The majority of LVOTO (with the exception of calcific and rheumatic aortic stenosis) are congenital in etiology. Echocardiography has become an integral tool in the assessment of patients with congenital heart disease. This article is a contemporary review of the clinical features of LVOTO and the role of echocardiography in this patient population.
Pemetrexed in the treatment of selected solid tumors

Abstract The novel agent pemetrexed inhibits thymidylate synthase, dihydrofolate reductase, and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase. Significant activity has been seen in completed phase II trials of pemetrexed in non–small cell lung cancer and breast cancer. Pemetrexed is also active in combination with other agents such as gemcitabine, cisplatin, and carboplatin. In addition, this agent shows promising activity in bladder, head and neck, esophageal, renal, and cervical carcinomas. Preliminary results of studies in these tumor types are reviewed. Semin Oncol 29 (suppl 5):50-53. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Peak Farmland and the Prospect for Land Sparing

expecting that more and richer people will demand more from the land, cultivating wider fields, logging more forests, and pressing nature, comes naturally. the past half-century of disciplined and dematerializing demand and more intense and efficient land use encourage a rational hope that humanity’s pressure will not overwhelm nature. Beginning with the examples of crops in the large and fast-developing countries of india and China as well as the united States, we examine the recent half-century. we also look back over the past 150 years when regions like europe and the united States became the maiden beneficiaries of chemical, biological, and mechanical innovations in agriculture from the industrial revolution. organizing our analysis with the ImPACT identity, we examine the elements contributing to the use of land for crop production, including population, affluence, diet, and the performance of agricultural producers.
Multi-Organ Characterization of Mitochondrial Genomic Rearrangements in Ad Libitum and Caloric Restricted Mice Show Striking Somatic Mitochondrial DNA Rearrangements with Age

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) rearrangements have been shown to accumulate with age in the post-mitotic tissues of a variety of animals and have been hypothesized to result in the age-related decline of mitochondrial bioenergetics leading to tissue and organ failure. Caloric restriction in rodents has been shown to extend life span supporting an association between bioenergetics and senescence. In the present study, we use full length mtDNA amplification by long-extension polymerase chain reaction (LX-PCR) to demonstrate that mice accumulate a wide variety of mtDNA rearrangements with age in post mitotic tissues. Similarly, using an alternative PCR strategy, we have found that 2-4 kb minicircles containing the origin of heavy-strand replication accumulate with age in heart but not brain. Analysis of mtDNA structure and conformation by Southern blots of unrestricted DNA resolved by field inversion gel electrophoresis have revealed that the brain mtDNAs of young animals contain the traditional linear, nicked, and supercoiled mtDNAs while old animals accumulate substantial levels of a slower migrating species we designate age-specific mtDNAs. In old caloric restricted animals, a wide variety of rearranged mtDNAs can be detected by LX-PCR in post mitotic tissues, but Southern blots of unrestricted DNA reveals a marked reduction in the levels of the age- specific mtDNA species. These observations confirm that mtDNA mutations accumulate with age in mice and suggest that caloric restriction impedes this progress.
Equivalent circuit modeling of interconnects from time domain measurements

A technique for the equivalent circuit modeling of interconnects having discontinuities such as bends, steps, and junctions in high-speed circuits and packages is developed. The circuit models are extracted from time domain reflection (TDR) measurements. The simulated results for the circuit models are compared with the measured data to validate the accuracy of the circuit model. The proposed method can be used to help validate circuit models based on field-theoretic techniques as well as used as an independent tool to synthesize circuit models for general nonuniform or interacting two- and three-dimensional interconnects. >
Cocaine-Induced Pituitary Apoplexy and Panhypopituitarism

ABSTRACT Objective: Chronic cocaine use has been implicated in panhypopituitarism. Acute cocaine intoxication resulting in pituitary apoplexy and panhypopituitarism has not been reported in the literature. Methods: We hereby report a case of panhypopituitarism resulting from pituitary apoplexy induced by a single intranasal cocaine use. Results: A 54-year-old African American man presented with a week-long headache that started 2 hours after snorting a gram of cocaine. His physical exam was normal. His labs were suggestive of panhypopituitarism. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were negative. Brain magnetic resonance imaging with and without contrast showed a large complex sellar mass with hemorrhagic and necrotic components. Surgical decompression was deferred due to normal visual acuity and absence of visual field defects. He received a stress dose of glucocorticoids followed by maintenance dose and was discharged on the glucocorticoid with levothyroxine replacement. The patient has been lost to f...
Estimation and discrimination for Swerling targets

The radar cross section (RCS) of most targets is sensitive to the aspect angle of the target with respect to the radar and fluctuates from pulse-to-pulse or scan-to-scan. The RCS fluctuations are typically characterized as one of four Swerling types. Examining the receiver operating characteristic (ROCs) curves for detection of Swerling targets shows that Swerling targets of type 3 and 4 can be detected with similar probabilities at lower transmitted energy than that required by Swerling targets of type 1 or 2. Thus, effective discrimination between Swerling types can be used to improved the utilization of radar resources by coordinating the waveform type and duration with the target type. Since waveforms with frequency diversity that induces pulse-to-pulse fluctuations are of interest, parameter estimation and discrimination for Swerling targets of types 2 and 4 are considered in the paper. Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation of the amplitude parameters (i.e., SNR) is developed for both Swerling types, and techniques for discriminating between Swerling 2 and Swerling 4 targets are discussed.
Modified wisconsin sorting test in elderly normal, depressed and demented patients

Abstract Patients with major depression, and normal controls completed a modified version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). DAT patients completed fewer categories and made more total and more perseverative errors than normal elderly patients. Moderate by severe DAT patients completed fewer categories than mild DAT and depressed patients. Mild DAT and depressed patients performed in a similar manner. The modified WCST may be particularly applicable for an elderly population. It simplifies the procedure and reduces ambiguity in conveying feedback so that fewer subjects may be unwilling or unable to complete the task. Further research is needed to establish the comparability of the modified WCST with the original test.
A low power bipolar ECL standard cell library utilizing a novel design methodology and complementary bipolar driver

A low-power bipolar ECL (emitter-coupled-logic) standard cell library built with a design methodology which simplifies the layout of primitive cells by utilizing a subprimitive cell layout as a building block is discussed. The library utilizes complementary bipolar (CBIP) drivers for high drive capability without an accompanying increase in power dissipation. The method provides maximum flexibility in driver selection while minimizing cell library overhead. Analysis of the performance of the CBIP drivers using MSPICE simulations show superior drive capability over emitter follower drivers for load capacitances greater than 0.2 pF. >
Social, Not Physical, Infrastructure: The Critical Role of Civil Society in Disaster Recovery

Despite the tremendous destruction wrought by catastrophes, social science holds few quantitative assessments of explanations for the rate of recovery. This article illuminates four factors - damage, population density, human capital, and economic capital - thought to explain the variation in the pace of population recovery following disaster along with the popular but relatively untested factor of social capital. Using time-series cross-sectional models and propensity score matching, I test these approaches using new data from the rebuilding of 39 neighborhoods in Tokyo after its 1923 earthquake. Social capital, more than earthquake damage, population density, human capital, or economic capital, best predicts population recovery in post-quake Tokyo. These findings suggest new approaches for research on social capital and disasters along with public policy avenues for handling catastrophe.
A Modified Linear Discontinuous Spatial Discretization Method in Planar Geometry

The standard derivation of the linear discontinuous (LD) spatial discretization method for planar geometry transport problems is modified to produce an entire family of methods. This family is characterized by a real parameter θ which assumes the value θ = 3 in the usual LD method. This discretization scheme is investigated for positivity and accuracy as a function of θ. Numerical results are compared with exact analytic solutions for the simple rod model of transport theory.
A two-stage machine learning approach for pathway analysis

Analysis of gene expression data has emerged as an important approach to discover active pathways related to biological phenotypes. Previous pathway analysis methods use all genes in a pathway for linking it to a particular phenotype. Using only a subset of informative genes, however, could better classify samples. Here, we propose a two-stage machine learning approach for pathway analysis. During the first stage, informative genes that can represent a pathway are selected using feature selection methods. These “representative genes” are mostly associated with the phenotype of interest. In the second stage, pathways are ranked based on their “representative genes” using classification methods. We applied our two-stage approach on three gene expression datasets. The results indicate our method does outperform methods that consider every gene in a pathway.
Urologists' attitudes regarding cancer clinical research.

Abstract Objectives Although breast cancer studies consistently accrue patients very rapidly, prostate cancer studies generally do so much more slowly and take much longer to complete, resulting in a much slower pace of validated clinical innovation. A survey of practicing urologists was undertaken to ascertain their attitudes about prostate cancer research, learn how to increase interest, and lower barriers to their participation. Methods A 57-question survey exploring attitudes toward research was mailed to a 50% random sample of American Urological Association members, followed by two reminder cards. Most questions used a 7-point Likert scale. Response scores ranged from “disagree strongly” to “agree strongly.” Results A total of 642 surveys were returned. Of the respondents, 83% had enrolled patients in trials—70% since residency. Almost universal agreement was found that clinical trials build scientific knowledge (99%) and are beneficial to future patients (99%). Respondents agreed that trials are beneficial to their patients (81%), keep physicians better informed regarding current practices (78%), and benefit them or their practice (66%). Also, 76% expressed interest in participating in research. Statistically significant differences were found between those who currently offered clinical trials and those who did not. Conclusions The challenge in prostate cancer research is to transform the global perception of “value of research findings” into one of “value in participation.” Response differences between those who did or did not currently participate in clinical research suggest strategies to build interest in clinical research, lower barriers to and the burden of participation, and increase participation.
Thermodynamic and EPR studies of slowly relaxing ubisemiquinone species in the isolated bovine heart complex I.

Abstract Previously, we investigated ubisemiquinone (SQ) EPR spectra associated with NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) in the tightly coupled bovine heart submitochondrial particles (SMP). Based upon their widely differing spin relaxation rate, we distinguished SQ spectra arising from three distinct SQ species, namely SQNf (fast), SQNs (slow), and SQNx (very slow). The SQNf signal was observed only in the presence of the proton electrochemical gradient ( Δ μ H + ) , while SQNs and SQNx species did not require the presence of Δ μ H + . We have now succeeded in characterizing the redox and EPR properties of SQ species in the isolated bovine heart complex I. The potentiometric redox titration of the gz,y,x = 2.00 semiquinone signal gave the redox midpoint potential (Em) at pH 7.8 for the first electron transfer step [Em1(Q/SQ)] of −45 mV and the second step [Em2(SQ/QH2)] of −63 mV. It can also be expressed as [Em(Q/QH2)] of −54 mV for the overall two electron transfer with a stability constant (Kstab) of the SQ form as 2.0. These characteristics revealed the existence of a thermodynamically stable intermediate redox state, which allows this protein-associated quinone to function as a converter between n = 1 and n = 2 electron transfer steps. The EPR spectrum of the SQ species in complex I exhibits a Gaussian-type spectrum with the peak-to-peak line width of ∼6.1 G at the sample temperature of 173 K. This indicates that the SQ species is in an anionic Q − state in the physiological pH range. The spin relaxation rate of the SQ species in isolated complex I is much slower than the SQ counterparts in the complex I in situ in SMP. We tentatively assigned slow relaxing anionic SQ species as SQNs, based on the monophasic power saturation profile and several fold increase of its spin relaxation rate in the presence of reduced cluster N2. The current study also suggests that the very slowly relaxing SQNx species may not be an intrinsic complex I component. The functional role of SQNs is further discussed in connection with the SQNf species defined in SMP in situ.
Hypertext versioning for embedded link models

In this paper, we describe Chrysant, a hypertext version control system for embedded link models. Chrysant provides general-purpose versioning capability to hypertext systems with an embedded link model. To apply Chrysant for a specific hypertext system, we require the containment model for this system's data model, the containment model of the version repository for this system, the hypertext role definition, the versioning role definition, and the filesystem mapping definition. Additionally, a specific parser that retrieves the link targets from the hypertext resources is needed. Hypertext versioning is different from versioning an individual resource in the traditional way, in that both the content of a hypertext resource and the relationships between it and other resources related by hypertext links are versioned. In Chrysant, the structure container and the content of a hypertext resource are versioned separately. We describe the architecture of Chrysant, and explain the procedure of the check-in and check-out functions. An AF-BTU algorithm is introduced in the paper to check in the hypertext network of a hypertext resource. As a case study, the application of Chrysant for HTML content is introduced. We create necessary definition specifications for the HTML system and a parser to retrieve link targets from a HTML document. Some examples of HTML versioning with Chrysant are shown.
Enzyme Fractionation by Means of Large- Scale Continuous- Flow Electrophoresis

Large- scale, microglass bead, continuous- flow electrophoresis was used to separateand collect protein fractions from a single serum sample. These fractions were assayed for a multiplicity of enzyme activities. Relatively good recovery was obtained with lactic acid dehydrogenase, leucine aminopeptidase, and phosphohexoseisomerase. Artifactually high recoveries were observed with aldotase and isocitric acid dehydrogenase. The increase observed in aldolase activity may be due to a pH effect.
ZnO/diamond/Si SAW filter properties including velocity dispersion

The surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter properties of ZnO/diamond/Si structure are calculated including velocity dispersion. It is well known that the pole width of a SAW filter response and the number of electrodes have a reciprocal relation for bulk piezoelectric materials. However, the pole width of layered structures tends to be narrower than that of expected bulk SAW devices and the reason is due to the velocity dispersion of layered structures. The pole width of layered structures was calculated by the delta function model including the velocity dispersion and was compared with the experimental results. The dispersion effect is also calculated by using the Smith's equivalent circuit model. The results of this analysis are presented and agree well with the experimental results.
Aspirin Inhibits Serine Phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 in Tumor Necrosis Factor-treated Cells through Targeting Multiple Serine Kinases

The hypoglycemic effects of high dose salicylates in the treatment of diabetes were documented before the advent of insulin. However, the molecular mechanisms by which salicylates exert these anti-diabetic effects are not well understood. In this study, we analyzed the effects of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) on serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) in cells treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Phosphorylation of IRS-1 at Ser307, Ser267, and Ser612 was monitored by immunoblotting with phospho-specific IRS-1 antibodies. In 3T3-L1 and Hep G2 cells, phosphorylation of IRS-1 at Ser307 in response to TNF-α treatment correlated with phosphorylation of JNK, c-Jun, and degradation of IκBα. Moreover, phosphorylation of IRS-1 at Ser307 in embryo fibroblasts derived from either JNK or IKK knockout mice was reduced when compared with that in the wild-type controls. Taken together, these data suggest that serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 in response to TNF-α is mediated, in part, by JNK and IKK. Interestingly, aspirin treatment inhibited the phosphorylation of IRS-1 at Ser307 as well as the phosphorylation of JNK, c-Jun, and degradation of IκBα. Furthermore, other serine kinases including Akt, extracellular regulated kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, and PKCζ were also activated by TNF-α (as assessed by phospho-specific antibodies). Phosphorylation of IRS-1 at Ser267 and Ser612 correlated with the activation of these kinases. Phosphorylation of Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin (but not extracellular regulated kinase or PKCζ) in response to TNF-α was inhibited by aspirin treatment. Finally, aspirin rescued insulin-induced glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes pretreated with TNF-α. We conclude that aspirin may enhance insulin sensitivity by protecting IRS proteins from serine phosphorylation catalyzed by multiple kinases.
High-Pressure Phase Behavior of Ionic Liquid/CO2 Systems

This work presents the high-pressure phase behavior of CO2 with six ionic liquids: 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6]), 1-n-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C8-mim][PF6]), 1-n-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C8-mim][BF4]), 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate ([bmim][NO3]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate ([emim][EtSO4]), and N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate ([N-bupy][BF4]). We explored the effect of systematically changing the anionic and cationic components of the ionic liquid on the CO2−ionic liquid phase behavior. For all of the ionic liquids tested, large quantities of CO2 dissolved in the ionic liquid phase, but no appreciable amount of ionic liquid solubilized in the CO2 phase. In addition, the liquid phase volume expansion with the introduction of even large amounts of CO2 is negligible, in dramatic contrast to the large volume expansion observed for neutral organic liquids. Our results seek to elucidate the underlying physica...
Hospital consultations and jurisdiction over patients: consequences for the medical profession

Advances in biomedical technologies and the increased specialisation of the medical profession have made collaborations among specialty physicians integral to care delivery. As physicians increasingly must share patients, how does this shape the jurisdiction that physicians hold? The sociological literature has extensively documented inter-professional jurisdictional claims and conflicts to maintain the professional power of physicians in relation to allied occupational groups. However, less is known of intra-professional avoidance and resolution of conflict over jurisdiction. This case study considers how jurisdictions are shared, maintained and challenged in a single profession. Drawing from ethnographic and interview data collected from September 2010 to October 2012 on the internal medicine service of a teaching hospital in the USA, I demonstrate the variation in jurisdictional conflicts that emerge between internal medicine and other specialties during the consultation process. Ignoring shared jurisdictions and refusing to accept jurisdiction of patients generate disputes among the principal medical and specialist teams. These disputes ensue due to blurred boundaries dividing the various specialties. To avoid conflicts, internal medicine physicians adopt strategies behind the scenes to facilitate smooth consultations.
Vulnerability of age-0 pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus to fish predation

Summary Stocking is a commonly employed conservation strategy for endangered species such as the pallid sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus. However, decisions about when, where and at what size pallid sturgeon should be stocked are hindered because vulnerability of pallid sturgeon to fish predation is not known. The objective of this study was to evaluate the vulnerability of age-0 pallid sturgeon to predation by two Missouri River predators under different flow regimes, and in combination with alternative prey. To document vulnerability, age-0 pallid sturgeon (<100 mm) were offered to channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu in laboratory experiments. Selection of pallid sturgeon by both predators was measured by offering pallid sturgeon and an alternative prey, fathead minnows Pimephales promelas, in varying prey densities. Smallmouth bass consumed more age-0 pallid sturgeon (0.95 h )1 ) than did channel catfish (0.13 h )1 ), and predation rates did not differ between water velocities supporting sustained (0 m s )1 ) or prolonged swimming speeds (0.15 m s )1 ). Neither predator positively selected pallid sturgeon when alternative prey was available. Both predator species consumed more fathead minnows than pallid sturgeon across all prey density combinations. Results indicate that the vulnerability of age-0 pallid sturgeon to predation by channel catfish and smallmouth bass is low, especially in the presence of an alternative fish prey.
Multiple Model Adaptive Control With Mixing

Despite the remarkable theoretical accomplishments and successful applications of adaptive control, the field is not sufficiently mature to solve challenging control problems where strict performance and robustness guarantees are required. Critical to the design of practical control systems for these challenging applications, and currently lacking in parameter estimation-based adaptive control schemes, is an approach that explicitly accounts for robust-performance and stability specifications. Towards this goal, this paper describes a robust adaptive control approach called adaptive mixing control that makes available the full suite of powerful design tools from LTI theory, e.g., mixed-μ synthesis. The stability and robustness properties of adaptive mixing control are analyzed. It is shown that the mean-square regulation error is of the order of the modeling error provided the unmodeled dynamics satisfy a norm-bound condition. And when the parameter estimate converges to its true value, which is guaranteed if a persistence of excitation condition is satisfied, the adaptive closed-loop system converges exponentially fast to a closed-loop system comprising the plant and some LTI controller that satisfies the control objective. A benchmark example is presented, which is used to compare the adaptive mixing controller with other adaptive schemes.