cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Preparation of Cebiche on the Survival of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Background. Cebiche is a common dish in Latin America, prepared using raw fish mixed with vegetables and marinated with lime juice. The acidity of the lime juice is commonly believed to destroy bacteria and render cebiche as safe to eat. Little data exist concerning rates of cebiche-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks, although these may be high given the popularity of the dish. Methods. We inoculated raw fish with Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli to determine the effect of the cebiche preparation process on bacterial viability. Raw fish were exposed to a suspension of 1.0 × 108 colony-forming units (CFUs) of each organism in a 50-mL solution, prior to the addition of cebiche ingredients. A typical Peruvian cebiche recipe was used combining limes, onions, sweet potatoes, cilantro, and hot peppers marinated together for 30 minutes. A homogenized mixture of the dish was then evaluated for pH and bacterial counts at 0, 10, and 30 minutes. As much as 100 µL of inocula were streaked onto tryptic soy agar (TSA) agar plates and incubated for 24 hours. Results. The initial average pH of the fish was 6.4 prior to adding cebiche ingredients and 5.0 immediately afterwards. The pH at 10- and 30-minute periods was 5.4 and 5.2, respectively. Little reduction in bacterial counts was observed at either the 10- or 30-minute time periods, with counts increasing at 30 minutes. Conclusions. The putative bactericidal role of lime juice in the preparation process is not sufficient to reduce the microbial population present in cebiche. Pathogens may remain viable after exposure to acidic conditions. The increasing popularity of Peruvian cuisine may also lead to cebiche-associated illness outside of Latin America.
Temporal organization patterns of epigean beetle communities (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Tenebrionidae) in different successional stages of eastern Mediterranean maquis

This two-year study explores the community structure and temporal dynamics of carabid and tenebrionid beetles in five eastern Mediterranean juniper maquis formations in relation to successional stage. Based on vegetation cover, density and soil pH, the successional stage in two of the sites (Crete, Cyprus) was an earlier state compared with the other three (Attiki, Naxos, Samos), as a result of intense goat grazing. Diversity indices and abundance distributions were compared using morphoecological surrogates of the taxa. Temporal dynamics were regulated more by cumulative species richness than by sharp phenological patterns. The higher values of niche pre-emption parameter and species turnover imply better adaptation of endemic tenebrionids to the rapid change of environmental conditions, compared with carabids. Significantly lower abundance and biomass, and higher evenness and temporal turnover for both families in Crete and Cyprus are ascribed to the reversed course of succession caused by overgrazing.
A computation of the Witt index for rational quadratic forms.

This paper adds the finishing touches to an algorithmic treatment of quadratic forms over the rational numbers. The Witt index of a rational quadratic form is explicitly computed. When combined with a recent adjustment in the Haase invariants, this gives a complete set of invariants for rational quadratic forms, a set which can be computed and which respects all of the standard natural operations (including the tensor product) for quadratic forms. The overall approach does not use (at least explicitly) anyp-adic methods, but it does give the Witt ring of thep-adics as well as the Witt ring of the rationals.
Does pre-ordering tests enhance the value of the periodic examination? Study Design - Process implementation with retrospective chart review

Background To evaluate the value of a pre-ordering process for the pro-active scheduling and completion of appropriate preventive and chronic disease monitoring tests prior to a periodic health examination (PHE).
The relationships between relative growth rate, meristematic potential and compensatory growth of semiarid-land shrubs

Inherent relative growth rate has been suggested as a major determinant of plant species' capacity to regrow and compensate for tissues lost to herbivores. We investigated: 1) the relationship between compensatory growth capacity and relative growth rate (RGR) in six semiarid-land shrubs following removal in winter or spring of 90% of the previous year's growth, 2) the influence of loss of buds on production of new growth and 3) the relationship between meristematic potential and the capacity to produce new growth in four of the six semiarid-land shrub species. Four-year-old plants growing under field conditions were used in the study. The species with the highest inherent growth rate, sagebrush [Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana (Rydb.) Beetle], died following the severe clipping treatments. The other five species exactly compensated for lost tissues. Inherent growth rates and compensatory growth capacity of the shrubs were not correlated. Loss of 90% of the buds on the previous year's growth did not limit production of new growth. Instead, shrubs that lost buds produced more new growth biomass than the controls. The shrub species had significantly different meristematic potential. Curlleaf mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt.) and serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) had the greatest and least number of buds and long shoots per plant, respectively. The number of long shoots produced following bud removal was positively correlated with new growth biomass, while the percentage of long shoots produced at the basal position on twigs was negatively correlated with new growth biomass. Our results suggest that inherent growth rate is not likely to influence production of new growth following browsing when resources for growth are not limiting. In contrast, the ability of a shrub to initiate long shoot growth is likely to influence production of new growth even when resources for growth are abundant.
Further statistical analysis of the composition of a ∑ ≅9≈(−1,−1,4) grain boundary in a Mo(Re) alloy studied by atom-probe field-ion microscopy

We have recently performed a combined transmission electron microscope CI"EM) and atom-probe field-ion microscope (APFIM) investigation of Re segregation to a single grain boundary (GB) that is within ---0.4" of a E = 9 coincident site lattice (CSL) orientation in a Mo-5.58_+0.31 at.% Re alloy [ 1,2]; specifically the misorientation is 0 =38.5" about the c 1 = (1/'-,/2)[ 1,1,0l i direction, and the plane of the GB is -(-1,-1,4); this GB is mainly a tilt GB with a twist component. The primary conclusion of our paper [1,2] with respect to GB segregation is that this specific GB studied has an "uncorrected Re concentration which is = 1.27 or 27% greater than the Re concentration of the matrix -this value represents the minimum segregation enhancement factor, 3 as it includes some solute atoms from the matrix."[3,4] In this letter we recapitulate briefly our experimental procedure, the results obtained, and we then consider in detail the question of the statistical uncertainties involved. This detailed statistical analysis confirms the original conclusions made in reference 1 with respect to the uncorrected Re concentration at the GB, as well as the corrected Re concentration.
New findings on members of the family Anaplasmataceae of veterinary importance.

: Members of the family Anaplasmataceae are obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria that naturally infect a variety of wild and domestic animal species, the spillover of which may lead to zoonosis. I discuss new findings on members of the family Anaplasmataceae of veterinary importance and therefore, I will describe the recent findings on Neorickettsia risticii in the trematode and related Neorickettsia species. I also will review the recent progress on Aegyptianella pullorum and other Aegyptianella sp., “Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis” and Anaplasma phagocytophilum strains in various hosts. The whole genome sequences of two important veterinary pathogens—Anaplasma marginale, the bovine anaplasmosis agent, and Ehrlichia (formerly Cowdria) ruminantium, the agent of heartwater of ruminants—have been published. Taken together, these advances in research of the family Anaplasmataceae in the veterinary field provide us with insights into the evolution, reservoir, and transmission of these organisms in nature and their pathogenesis in natural and accidental hosts. It is through this work that surveillance, diagnosis, preventive measures, and treatment of ehrlichioses of both animals and humans can be improved.
Nonlinear feature based classification of speech under stress

Studies have shown that variability introduced by stress or emotion can severely reduce speech recognition accuracy. Techniques for detecting or assessing the presence of stress could help improve the robustness of speech recognition systems. Although some acoustic variables derived from linear speech production theory have been investigated as indicators of stress, they are not always consistent. Three new features derived from the nonlinear Teager (1980) energy operator (TEO) are investigated for stress classification. It is believed that the TEO based features are better able to reflect the nonlinear airflow structure of speech production under adverse stressful conditions. The features proposed include TEO-decomposed FM variation (TEO-FM-Var), normalized TEO autocorrelation envelope area (TEO-Auto-Env), and critical band based TEO autocorrelation envelope area (TEO-CB-Auto-Env). The proposed features are evaluated for the task of stress classification using simulated and actual stressed speech and it is shown that the TEO-CB-Auto-Env feature outperforms traditional pitch and mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCC) substantially. Performance for TEO based features are maintained in both text-dependent and text-independent models, while performance of traditional features degrades in text-independent models. Overall neutral versus stress classification rates are also shown to be more consistent across different stress styles.
Institutionalizing Behavior‐Based Privacy

After 9/11, a bitter national debate emerged pitting privacy against security. No theory of privacy or domestic security and no compromise blend of institutional insights and technological advances have been proposed to meet this dilemma. This work fills that gap by offering a middle ground proposing a knowledge‐based systems focus that parses privacy into two separable concepts: behavior and identity in the behavior–identity–knowledge (BIK) model. The authors outline a plan for a BIK‐sensible world involving initial steps to simulate behavior choices, streamlined social identity masking, and the institutional adaptations required for a practical compromise between security and privacy.
Language, writing, and disciplinarity in the Critique of the ''Ideographic Myth'': Some proleptical remarks

Abstract Prominent in recent discussions of East Asian writing systems has been a metadiscursive polemic that can be labeled the Critique of the Ideographic Myth. Associated primarily with John DeFrancis and J. Marshall Unger, this is an attack on the notion that the Chinese writing system represents ideas directly, and more broadly an argument for the primacy of phonography in inscription in general. This paper considers the disciplinary framework of the Critique, tracing its roots in a prewar Sinological debate (the Boodberg–Creel controversy) and in Leonard Bloomfield’s famous dismissal of writing, and locating it within the postwar field of Asian Studies.
On the practicality of cryptographic defences against pollution attacks in wireless network coding

Numerous practical systems based on network coding have been proposed in recent years demonstrating the wide range of benefits of network coding, such as increased throughput, reliability, and energy efficiency. However, network coding systems are inherently vulnerable to a severe attack, known as packet pollution, which presents a key obstacle to the deployment of such systems. Several cryptographic schemes have been proposed to defend against pollution attacks.We conduct a detailed analysis and an experimental evaluation in a realistic wireless network coding setting of a set of representative cryptographic defenses against pollution attacks. Our analysis identifies severe limitations of asymmetric-based schemes, which impose high communication overhead by placing constraints on the basic network coding parameters and high computation overhead by relying on numerous operations over large fields. Our analysis also shows that symmetric cryptographic schemes, while having better performance than asymmetric cryptographic-based schemes, impose prohibitive overhead in the presence of multiple byzantine adversaries. We further evaluate these schemes by using a set of typical network coding system parameters on a realistic topology. Our experimental evaluation shows that all the schemes we compare induce a throughput degradation that negates the performance benefits of network coding in the presence of multiple colluding adversaries.
Histologic Appearance and Distribution of Synovial Membrane Types in the Equine Stifle Joint

A study of the histologic organization of normal synovial membranes of the stifle joint of the horse is described. Three types of synovial membrane, which appear to be randomly distributed within the stifle joint, are described.
Comparison of the Peroxidase Activity of Hemoproteins and Cytochrome P450

Shakespeare recognized centuries ago the value of a foil for highlighting similarities and differences between characters. Comparative analysis is also an effective mechanism for studying related proteins to better understand the structural basis of their functions. Indeed, there are many similarities between peroxidases and cytochromes P450 (P450s) in terms of prosthetic group and catalytic mechanism. However, there are also important differences in three-dimensional structure, reactions catalyzed, and interactions with other proteins. As a result, these two classes of oxidizing enzymes evolved to fulfill very different functions. Peroxidases and P450s are hemeproteins; both react with peroxides to generate higher oxidation states; and both catalyze oxidation and oxygenation reactions that involve electron transfer from the substrate to the higher oxidation states. The major differences between peroxidases and P450s include the ability of P450s to accept electrons from a reductase; the redox potentials of the higher oxidation states; and the ability of P450s to generate the equivalent of a metal-bound peroxide by reduction of O2 at the heme center during catalytic turnover.
Multispectral detection and tracking of multiple moving targets in cluttered urban environments

This paper presents an algorithm for target detection and tracking by fusion of multispectral imagery. In all spectral bands, we build a background model of the pixel intensities using a Gaussian mixture model, and pixels not belonging to the model are classified as foreground pixels. Foreground pixels from the spectral bands are weighted and summed into a single foreground map and filtered to give the fused foreground map. Foreground pixels are grouped into target candidates and associated with targets from a tracking database by matching features from the scale-invariant feature transform. The performance of our algorithm was evaluated with a synthetically generated data set of visible, near-infrared, midwave infrared, and long-wave infrared video sequences. With a fused combination of the spectral bands, the proposed algorithm lowers the false alarm rate while maintaining high detection rates. All 12 vehicles were tracked throughout the sequence, with one instance of a lost track that was later recovered.
Predictive Validity of Person Matching at the Scale and Discriminant Analysis Levels

Validity comparisons (including hit rates, kappa coefficients, and chance expectancy rates) were made between person matching at the scale and discriminant analysis levels with 5,143 medical students who had taken an interest inventory and had entered their medical residencies. Person matching using the 30 discriminant analysis items demonstrated the greatest ability to assign test takers to the highest number of occupations at a rate greater than chance.
Processing, Structure, and Properties of Lignin- and CNT-Incorporated Polyacrylonitrile-Based Carbon Fibers

Composite fibers comprised of lignin, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and carbon nanotubes (CNT) were successfully fabricated by gel-spinning technology. Wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), infrared spectroscopy, and thermal characterizations were used to identify the effects of lignin and CNT on the physical structure and stabilization process of gel-spun precursor fibers. PAN, PAN/lignin, and PAN/lignin/CNT precursors have been converted to carbon fibers under identical stabilization and carbonization conditions. When carbonized at 1100 °C, PAN/lignin carbon fiber exhibits comparable mechanical properties to PAN carbon fiber. Raman spectroscopy studies suggested differences between the carbon fibers when lignin and CNTs were incorporated.
The Greening of Advertising: A Twenty-Five Year Look at Environmental Advertising

Environmental advertising has been the focus of a number of recent research studies, as well as recent FTC deliberations.To contribute further to our understanding of environmental advertising, this paper investigates its use over the past 25 years. The manuscript examines overall frequency of environmental ads, the extent to which patterns are exhibited (i.e., cyclical, seasonal, etc.), which typologies have been most utilized (i.e., whether the ad focuses on a product, a process, a firm’s image or an environmental fact), and which firms have ’frequently’ engaged in this type of advertising. Insights are provided to explain variation in both advertising typologies and firm types.
Volatile Composition of Four Southern Highbush Blueberry Cultivars and Effect of Growing Location and Harvest Date

The volatile composition of four southern highbush blueberry cultivars ('Primadonna', 'Jewel', 'Snowchaser', and 'FL02-40') grown in two locations (Gainesville and Haines City, FL) and harvested multiple times was investigated. A total of 42 volatiles were identified, including 8 esters, 12 terpenoids, 11 aldehydes, 7 alcohols, and 4 ketones. Twelve of these volatiles are reported for the first time in highbush blueberries, with 10 being positively identified: (Z)-3-hexenal, (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, (E,E)-2,4-nonedienal, methyl 2-methylbutanoate, butyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl acetate, and geranyl acetate. The dominant volatiles were aldehydes followed by terpenoids and esters, with distinct varietal profiles. 'Primadonna' was characterized by a large amount of esters and C-6 aldehydes. In contrast, fewer than 4 esters were found in 'FL02-40' and 'Snowchaser', respectively, but they produced more terpenoids than 'Primadonna' and 'Jewel'. Location and/or harvest date affected the production of volatiles in 'Primadonna', but not so much in the other cultivars.
Conducting financial due diligence of medical practices

Many healthcare organizations are acquiring medical practices in an effort to build more integrated systems of healthcare products and services. This acquisition activity must be approached cautiously to ensure that medical practices being acquired do not have deficiencies that would jeopardize integration efforts. Conducting a thorough due diligence analysis of medical practices before finalizing the transaction can limit the acquiring organizations' legal and financial exposure and is a necessary component to the acquisition process. The author discusses the components of a successful financial due diligence analysis and addresses some of the risk factors in a practice acquisition.
Geographic variability of Escherichia coli ribotypes from animals in Idaho and Georgia.

Several genotypic methods have been developed for determining the host origin of fecal bacteria in contaminated waters. Some of these methods rely on a host origin database to identify environmental isolates. It is not well understood to what degree these host origin isolates are geographically variable (i.e., cosmopolitan or endemic). This is important because a geographically limited host origin database may or may not be universally applicable. The objective of our study was to use one genotypic method, ribotyping, to determine the geographic variability of the fecal bacterium, Escherichia coli, from one location in Idaho and three locations in Georgia for cattle (Bos taurus), horse (Equus caballus), swine (Sus scrofa), and chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). A total of 568 fecal E. coli isolates from Kimberly, ID (125 isolates), Athens, GA (210 isolates), Brunswick, GA (102 isolates), and Tifton, GA (131 isolates), yielded 213 ribotypes. The percentage of ribotype sharing within an animal species increased with decreased distance between geographic locations for cattle and horses, but not for swine and chicken. When the E. coli ribotypes among the four host species were compared at one location, the percent of unshared ribotypes was 86, 89, 81, and 79% for Kimberly, Athens, Brunswick, and Tifton, respectively. These data suggest that there is good ribotype separation among host animal species at each location. The ability to match environmental isolates to a host origin database may depend on a large number of environmental and host origin isolates that ideally are not geographically separated.
MASON: an open development contextual sensing framework enabling reactive applications

Mobile devices continue to push the limits of contextually aware application intelligence. However, due to the complexity of contextual processing and programming, a centralized system that handles all mobile context processing is difficult to realize. The problem of defining such a contextual reasoning unit that uses an all-encompassing contextual ontology for all possible uses of context is not feasible nor useful. Furthermore, implementing custom contextual logic ad hoc per application is difficult due to the complexity of sensor monitoring and contextual reasoning and may be redundant across applications. In this work we propose an openly developed dynamic ontology formation that allows developers to contribute logical pieces to a greater network of contextual reasoning for use by application developers. Specifically, we introduce Mason, a framework for supporting modular contextual reasoning development by handling low-level sensor routing and abstracting data sources as composable and functionally reactive data streams. This provisions for high levels of abstraction for contextual logic developers that contribute to the framework as well as application developers that use it. We demonstrate the simplicity of developing with Mason and show, through an audit of open source applications, the increased contextual functionality offered, better enabling the next generation of contextually reactive applications.
Elucidating the effect of desilication on aluminum-rich ZSM-5 zeolite and its consequences on biomass catalytic fast pyrolysis

Abstract Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) offers a simple and robust route to convert raw lignocellulosic biomass to aromatic hydrocarbons. During CFP, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are first thermally decomposed to bio-oil vapors that are further converted to aromatics in the presence of a ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst. The high temperatures required for CFP also favor coke formation, an undesired byproduct, through condensation of the oxygenated intermediates on ZSM-5′s outer surface and/or secondary reactions inside its micropores. Introducing mesopores through desilication represents a possible strategy to enhance mass transport and intracrystalline diffusion, and consequently favor aromatic production over undesired coke formation. Here, we study the effect of desilication on the structure, acidity, and performance of aluminum-rich ZSM-5. Detailed characterization of the obtained zeolite catalysts indicates that mild desilication conditions do not significantly affect the elemental composition, crystallographic structure, microporosity, and distribution of aluminum atoms in framework and extraframework sites. However, the number of accessible Bronsted acid sites increased by ∼50% as a result of the enhanced mesoporosity. Desilication increased the aromatic yields obtained for red oak pyrolysis (27.9%) compared to the parent zeolite (23.9%), without impacting the liquid product distribution (67.4% selectivity to benzene, toluene, and xylene). Our results suggest the catalytic performance could be further improved by enlarging the mouth of ink bottle shaped mesopores in order to further enhance mass transport between the gas phase and the zeolite’s micropore network.
A Generalized Framework For Scalable Video Coding

Conventional scalable video coders are typically based on single-quality video coding techniques. However, additional issues arise when designing a scalable system. For example, the design of a single-quality system is typically motivated by the desire to minimize the perceived distortion. However, in a recursive scalable system, the coded video is not only viewed, but is also used to form a prediction for the higher levels of video. Therefore, the coding artifacts introduced in the lower levels propagate to the higher levels, reducing the coding efficiency of the entire system.
“We All Ask Together”: Intercession and Composition as Models for Spiritual Kinship

This chapter adopts a comparative perspective on how spiritual kinship ties are mediated by forms of asking in a Pentecostal Christian congregation in suburban Buffalo, New York, and an Apostolic congregation in Gaborone, Botswana. Klaits explores how practices of asking for God’s help play important roles in the generation of persons in Christian communities. In focusing on asking, Klaits argues that speech about spiritual kinship is apt to reflect concerns both about the ontological and affective bases of relatedness and about securing means of social reproduction.
Effects of resource limitation on the essential oil production in Ledum palustre ssp decumbens (Ait.) Hultén

OF THE THESIS EFFECTS OF RESOURCE LIMITATION ON THE ESSENTIAL OIL PRODUCTION IN LEDUMPAL USTRE SSP DECUMBENS (AIT.) HULTEN by Tracey A. Baldwin Florida International University, 2004 Miami, Florida Professor Steven F. Oberbauer, Major Professor To understand the relationship between resource limitation and essential oil production of the widely-distributed boreal/arctic shrub, Ledum palustre ssp decumbens, I documented naturally occurring variation of essential oils over a growing season with field collections along a latitudinal transect spanning boreal forest to arctic tundra. Collections from a long-term resource manipulation experiment at a single tundra site served as a means of teasing apart those factors that might be influencing the essential oil production of the species. The essential oil composition varied significantly along the transect in the number of detectable components, but the relationships among resources and essential oil production were complex. In the manipulation experiment, essential oil components varied greatly among the treatments, with significant differences in the qualitative expression of the specific essential oil components. Both studies suggest that future climate changes have the potential for large changes in production and quality of essential oils.
Food and Place

Food and place are linked at a basic level, for food must be produced somewhere, and consumed in the same place, or circulated for consumption elsewhere. However, this basic process becomes entangled in judgments about whether it was produced in the appropriate location and manner, if it is being consumed in a culturally sanctioned way, and whether the “right” inhabitants of a place are consuming it. Furthermore, the contemporary world is organized around nation-states, which has given rise to national eating cultures. These national practices coexist with more global eating phenomena, be they long standing such as the widespread consumption of sugar or more recent fast food phenomena like McDonaldization. The concept of space spans many disciplines and goes beyond a reference to a physical location. Space can be physical, subjective, or affective; it can refer to a geographical location or be a way to speak of mental and emotional landscapes. Economic systems change the way spaces look and are used by humans. Abstract anonymous space can become a place, imbued with meaning for the user. Henri Lefebvre, one of the leading theorists of space, argues that every society or culture is generative of spatial practices, but that the practices themselves are generative of space. Space is both a launching pad for action and a framework in which to act. Scholars of space have argued that if reality consists of time and space, too much attention has gone to thinking about time. The main framing device to understand the world has been processual – what happened when, how it was affected by earlier events, and how it might impact the future. On the other hand, how human experience is spatialized and the ways in which spatial arrangements both enable and constrain people’s lives have received comparatively less attention. Space is an analytical category to think about the ways in which people organize, produce, and make sense of the foods around them. Space is an entry point to think about how flavors and regions come together, how people evaluate those connections, who benefits and who loses from the spatial arrangements under which foods are produced, and how capitalist practices generate spatial arrangements and their resulting inequities. Space is a lens with which to analyze a wide range of phenomena involving food and to think of the ways in which power operates through food networks. In particular, the spatialization of power and its effects opens up ways of thinking about ethics, justice, and food.
RegenDbase: a comparative database of noncoding RNA regulation of tissue regeneration circuits across multiple taxa

Regeneration is an endogenous process of tissue repair that culminates in complete restoration of tissue and organ function. While regenerative capacity in mammals is limited to select tissues, lower vertebrates like zebrafish and salamanders are endowed with the capacity to regenerate entire limbs and most adult tissues, including heart muscle. Numerous profiling studies have been conducted using these research models in an effort to identify the genetic circuits that accompany tissue regeneration. Most of these studies, however, are confined to an individual injury model and/or research organism and focused primarily on protein encoding transcripts. Here we describe RegenDbase, a new database with the functionality to compare and contrast gene regulatory pathways within and across tissues and research models. RegenDbase combines pipelines that integrate analysis of noncoding RNAs in combination with protein encoding transcripts. We created RegenDbase with a newly generated comprehensive dataset for adult zebrafish heart regeneration combined with existing microarray and RNA-sequencing studies on multiple injured tissues. In this current release, we detail microRNA-mRNA regulatory circuits and the biological processes these interactions control during the early stages of heart regeneration. Moreover, we identify known and putative novel lncRNAs and identify their potential target genes based on proximity searches. We postulate that these candidate factors underscore robust regenerative capacity in lower vertebrates. RegenDbase provides a systems-level analysis of tissue regeneration genetic circuits across injury and animal models and addresses the growing need to understand how noncoding RNAs influence these changes in gene expression.
Charles Osgood’s Views on the Psychology of Language and Thought

The first thing I suggest is changing the order of these two sub-questions. Cognition is involved in both prelinguistic, perceptual information processing, of course, and this is prior to linguistic processing. When I looked at you just now, you were nodding, and I got a certain meaning from it — that you were agreeing — and there was no language involved in that exchange.
The Role of Copper and Zinc in Cholesterol Metabolism

Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States (Anonymous, 1974a). Previously termed coronary heart disease (Anonymous, 1969), this disease causes about 35% of deaths, twice as many as are caused by malignant neoplasms or cancer. In the United States, risk of ischemic heart disease is higher among men than among women, among smokers of cigarettes than among nonsmokers, among diabetics and among those with certain abnormalities of the electrocardiogram. Risk also increases with age, with blood pressure, and with the concentration of cholesterol in serum (Insull, 1973). The predictive utility of the concentration of cholesterol in serum or plasma (Fredrickson and Levy, 1972) and the identification of many dietary components that can alter these concentrations have been the sources of most interest among nutritionists in the metabolism of cholesterol.
Can We Learn from History? Do We Want To?

Amicus Plato amicus Aristoteles magis arnica Veritas. Plato is a friend, Aristotle is a friend, but a greater friend is Truth. This “slogan” was found by R.S.Westfall in the earliest student notebook of Newton. (1981, chap.1) tracked down its history and found it quite common in the later Middle Ages and the Renaissance. With some variation it even goes back to antiquity.
MRI of the bowel — beyond inflammatory bowel disease

MR enterography is traditionally used to evaluate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) both at initial presentation and at follow-up. MR enterography can also be used to evaluate non-IBD conditions such as polyps or other masses of the gastrointestinal tract. In this article, we emphasize how to recognize bowel conditions beyond IBD on conventional abdominal MRI without a specific enterographic technique. In this overview we discuss common and uncommon pediatric bowel conditions beyond IBD seen on MRI including infectious and inflammatory conditions, congenital diseases and tumor and tumor-like conditions. Radiologists should become familiar with the salient imaging features of these bowel conditions to help guide management.
Acute Cardiovascular Exercise on Proactive Memory Interference

The present experiment evaluated the temporal effects of exercise on memory performance after an antecedent distractor. We aimed to evaluate if exercise could attenuate a proactive interference (PI) effect. The present study was a within-subject, counterbalanced, randomized controlled design. Participants completed four laboratory visits including (1) a control visit, (2) exercising (15-min brisk walking) prior to memory encoding, (3) exercising during memory encoding, and (4) exercising after memory encoding. The PI assessment included a word-list trial, including a competing stimuli trial (list A), followed by recall of a second word trial (list B), with performance on list B serving as the outcome measure. The visit that involved exercise occurring prior to the memory task had the highest number of words recalled for list B. Specifically, for the control, before, during, and after visits, respectively, the mean (SE) number of recalled words were 5.9 (0.4), 6.4 (0.3), 6.1 (0.5), and 5.8 (0.3). These differences, however, did not reach statistical significance. Acute exercise did not statistically attenuate proactive memory interference.
Crime but not punishment? Children are more lenient toward rule-breaking when the “spirit of the law” is unbroken

Abstract Even early in development, children understand how rules work, and they harshly evaluate rule violators. Furthermore, we know that adults make nuanced evaluations about rule violations; in many situations, they believe that it can be acceptable to violate the technical language of a rule (the “letter of a rule”) if doing so does not violate the reason why the rule was created (the “spirit of the rule”). Distinguishing between the letter and spirit of a rule is critical for a developed normative understanding. We investigated whether and when children begin to believe that it is less wrong to violate the letter of a rule if one does not violate the rule’s spirit. Participants (N = 246 4- to 10-year-olds) were asked to evaluate a rule-breaker who either violated the letter of a rule but not the spirit or violated both the letter and spirit of a rule. We found that by 4 years of age, children acknowledged that the rule had technically been broken in both cases, but their evaluations of the rule-breaker were much more lenient in the case where the spirit of the rule remained intact. We also found that children are increasingly more lenient in the case where the spirit of the rule remains intact case as they age, and they are increasingly harsher in the case where the spirit is violated. We discuss how these studies provide insight into early normative reasoning, including implications for future research on social cognitive development, rule learning, and legislative intent.
Low-temperature laser generated ultrathin aluminum oxide layers for effective c-Si surface passivation

Abstract In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a new laser processing method for low-temperature formation of effective aluminum oxide passivation layers on crystalline silicon. An aluminum film with a thickness of only several nm is evaporated on the silicon surface, after which a long pulse laser is utilized to convert the metal film to oxide. Laser processing parameters, especially laser energy fluence, are systematically optimized to get the critical condition to realize carrier lifetime similar to that of the bulk wafer, which we consider good passivation, while causing no damage to its surface. An effective surface recombination velocity below 25 cm s−1 is obtained right after the proper laser treatment of the Al metal film. After further annealing in forming gas, a 1.02 millisecond effective carrier lifetime as well as an effective surface recombination velocity below 13 cm s−1 is achieved for 1.4 Ω·cm n-type Si wafer.
Multi-Tenant FPGA-based Reconfigurable Systems: Attacks and Defenses

Partial reconfiguration of FPGAs improves system performance, increases utilization of hardware resources, and enables run-time update of system capabilities. However, the sharing of FPGA resources among various tenants presents security risks that affect the privacy and reliability of tenant applications running in the FPGA-based system. In this study, we examine the security ramifications of co-tenancy with a focus on address-redirection and task-hiding attacks. We design a countermeasure that protects FPGA-based systems against such attacks and prove that it resists these attacks. We present simulation results and an experimental demonstration using a Xilinx FPGA board to highlight the effectiveness of the countermeasure. The proposed countermeasure incurs negligible cost in terms of the area utilization of FPGAs currently used in the cloud.
A Transformer with Interleaved Self-attention and Convolution for Hybrid Acoustic Models.

Transformer with self-attention has achieved great success in the area of nature language processing. Recently, there have been a few studies on transformer for end-to-end speech recognition, while its application for hybrid acoustic model is still very limited. In this paper, we revisit the transformer-based hybrid acoustic model, and propose a model structure with interleaved self-attention and 1D convolution, which is proven to have faster convergence and higher recognition accuracy. We also study several aspects of the transformer model, including the impact of the positional encoding feature, dropout regularization, as well as training with and without time restriction. We show competitive recognition results on the public Librispeech dataset when compared to the Kaldi baseline at both cross entropy training and sequence training stages. For reproducible research, we release our source code and recipe within the PyKaldi2 toolbox.
Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis at Chelechol ra Orrak, Palau.

Abstract Objective To explore the frequency and severity of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) and its causative factors in a skeletal assemblage from the prehistoric site of Chelechol ra Orrak, Palau, western Micronesia. Materials 50 temporomandibular joint surfaces (mandibular condyles and articular eminences), representing a minimum of 22 adult individuals, 17 of which retain teeth. Methods Joint surfaces were macroscopically evaluated for characteristics associated with TMJ-OA and joint morphology. Dental remains were scored for tooth wear and staining. Results Nine individuals (40.1 %) displayed lesions typical of TMJ-OA. The strongest associations were between tooth wear and TMJ-OA. Conclusions Indirect effects of parafunctional dental activity appear to be a factor in TMJ-OA frequency at Chelechol ra Orrak. While betel nut chewing may be one of those activities, it does not appear to be solely driving the presence of TMJ-OA. Significance This study highlights the association between a specific parafunctional use of the temporomandibular joint and the potential pathological consequences. It also reinforces the need to carefully evaluate the archaeological context of skeletal remains in order to evaluate specific etiological factors in the presence of TMJ-OA in present and past populations. Limitations Sample sizes are limited in this study. This will increase as excavations continue. Suggestions for Further Research Because dental occlusion appears to be associated with TMJ-OA, focus on dental conditions affecting occlusal patterns, such as third molar agenesis, antemortem tooth loss, and malocclusion, and their relationship to TMJ-OA frequency, are recommended.
New tricks of an old autophagy regulator: AMPK-dependent regulation of autophagy through CCNY (cyclin Y)-CDK16

AMPK is one of the main regulators of energy homeostasis in the cell, achieving this role in part by upregulating autophagy in times of nutrient deprivation. Previous reports have described several AMPK substrates involved in autophagy regulation; however, there are still undiscovered AMPK downstream effectors that could play an important role in autophagy. In a new article, Dohmen et al. discovered that the CCNY-CDK16 complex is a novel AMPK substrate involved in autophagy activation.
Adsorption of CO to Characterize the Structure of a Pd/Ag(111) Single-Atom Alloy Surface

We have characterized the surface of a single-atom alloy consisting of a low coverage of Pd deposited onto a Ag(111) surface. For this purpose, we used reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (...
Inappropriate sinus tachycardia

Abstract The sinus node (SN) has unique tissue, cellular, and subcellular characteristics for automaticity that are responsive to physiologic needs. Autonomic regulation of the SN determines SN rate. In the absence of the autonomic regulation, the intrinsic heart rate (IHR) can be measured and used to assess intrinsic abnormalities. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by elevated resting heart rate (HR) and/or exaggerated HR response to exercise. IST occurs in the absence of physiology demand and patients may present with or without symptoms. Symptoms in patients with IST can be variable including palpitations, fatigue, and sensation of a racing heartbeat. The prevalence of IST is incompletely defined due to incomplete sampling, reporting, and absence of symptoms in some patients. It is clinically recognized that a high number of symptomatic IST patients are female with a variable age range of 18–50 years of age. There are several theories of the mechanistic etiology of IST, which can be categorized as either intrinsic or extrinsic. IST patients can present with symptoms similar to those seen in patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and focal atrial tachycardia. A detailed history and assessment of the P-wave morphology are crucial in making the correct diagnosis. Successful management requires treatment approaches directed toward specific symptoms/overlapping syndromes as well as HR control. Newer drug therapy has become more effective than invasive SN modification with ablation, and future research into IST initiating etiology will undoubtedly improve the long-term successful treatment.
Buckle Me Up!: A Randomized Controlled Pilot of A Digital, Individualized Emergency Department Educational Intervention for Adolescent Seatbelt Use

Background: Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are the leading cause of death and injury among adolescents in the United States. Proper seatbelt use is the single most effective means of reducing deaths and serious injuries in MVCs. However, adolescents continue to be high risk due to poor compliance with seatbelt laws. Computer-based health interventions are increasingly being used in the Emergency Department (ED) for educational interventions and have shown feasibility and effectiveness in promoting behavioral changes among adolescents. Computer Intervention Authoring Software (CIAS) is a technology that allows providers to develop …
Defining the toxicity limits on microbial range in a metal-contaminated aquifer Running Title: Inorganic ion toxicity limits on microbial range

Abstract In extreme environments, toxic compounds restrict which microorganisms persist. However, in complex mixtures of inhibitory compounds, it is challenging to determine which specific compounds cause changes in abundance and prevent some microorganisms from growing. We focused on a contaminated aquifer in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. that has low pH and high concentrations of uranium, nitrate and many other inorganic ions. In the most contaminated wells, the microbial community is enriched in the Rhodanobacter genus. Rhodanobacter relative abundance is positively correlated with low pH and high concentrations of U, Mn, Al, Cd, Zn, Ni, Co, Ca, NO3−, Mg, Cl, SO42−, Sr, K and Ba and we sought to determine which of these correlated parameters are selective pressures that favor the growth of Rhodanobacter over other taxa. Using high-throughput cultivation, we determined that of the ions correlated high Rhodanobacter abundance, only low pH and high U, Mn, Al, Cd, Zn, Co and Ni (a) are selectively inhibitory of a sensitive Pseudomonas isolate from a background well versus a representative resistant Rhodanobacter isolate from a contaminated well, and (b) reach toxic concentrations in the most contaminated wells that can inhibit the sensitive Pseudomonas isolate. We prepared mixtures of inorganic ions representative of the most contaminated wells and verified that few other isolates aside from Rhodanobacter can tolerate these 8 parameters. These results clarify which toxic inorganic ions are causal factors that impact the microbial community at this field site and are not merely correlated with taxonomic shifts.