cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determine power transfer limits of an SMIB system through linear System Analysis with nonlinear simulation validation

This paper extends the materials presented in Chapter 7 of a classic textbook “Power System Analysis” [1] used in EEL 6936 Power Systems II at University of South Florida. This research examines the effect of automatic voltage regulator (AVR) and the power system stabilizer (PSS) on the power transfer level. The system analyzed in this paper includes a synchronous generator connected to an infinite bus. Their effect on stability is investigated through plotting eigenvalues of closed-loop transfer functions along with Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion examination. Three different models are considered. The basic model includes a swing equation with one order rotor flux dynamics. This model is classified as an electromagnetic model (EMT). Then, the voltage control part is added (EMT+AVR). Finally, the power system stabilizer is added to the system (EMT+AVR+PSS). These models are linearized for analysis. Nonlinear simulation results based on the nonlinear models built in Matlab/Simulink validate the analysis results.
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transformation during Craniofacial Development

Epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype transition is a common phenomenon during embryonic development, wound healing, and tumor metastasis. This transition involves cellular changes in cytoskeleton architecture and protein expression. Specifically, this highly regulated biological event plays several important roles during craniofacial development. This review focuses on the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) during neural crest cell migration, and fusion of the secondary palate and the upper lip.
A Yankee Rebellion? The Regulators, New England, and the New Nation

Was Shays's Rebellion a sign of a general crisis of self-government in the new nation, or was it a peculiarly Yankee affair? This essay suggests that wrenching changes, growing out of the Revolution in Massachusetts, turned a conflict over taxes common to all the states into a unique and short-lived political upheaval.
Pulmonary Toxicity of Induction Chemotherapy Prior to Standard or High-dose Chemotherapy with Autologous Hematopoietic Support

We closely followed the pulmonary function of 150 consecutive high-risk breast cancer patients who underwent standard induction CAF (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil) chemotherapy, followed by randomization to either standard-dose CPB (cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, bischloroethylnitrosourea [BCNU]) chemotherapy (SDC) or to high-dose CPB chemotherapy (HDC) with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) and peripheral blood progenitor cell support (PBPCS). Previously, we have described a delayed pulmonary toxicity syndrome (DPTS) which characterizes the pulmonary dysfunction after HDC and ABMT in this patient population. However, little is known concerning the role induction chemotherapy plays in its development. We found that after three cycles of induction CAF, the mean diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DL(CO)) significantly decreased by 12.6%. Additionally, in patients receiving HDC, the mean DL(CO) further decreased to a nadir of 55.2 +/- 14.1% which was significantly lower than those receiving SDC (nadir: 80.7 +/- 12.3%). DPTS occurred in 72% of patients receiving HDC as compared with only 4% of patients receiving SDC. All individuals diagnosed with DPTS were treated with prednisone and the 2-yr follow-up of pulmonary function revealed a gradual improvement in mean DL(CO) such that there were no differences between HDC and SDC groups at the end of the study. No mortality was attributable to pulmonary toxicity in either group. After induction chemotherapy, but before HDC, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) demonstrated significant elevations in interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. We conclude that induction CAF produces asymptomatic pulmonary dysfunction and inflammation which may prime the lungs for further injury by HDC and predispose to the development of DPTS. Fortunately, in this specific ABMT patient population, the early and judicious use of prednisone appears to improve pulmonary function in patients who develop DPTS.
Imaging protein molecules using FRET and FLIM microscopy.

Forster (or fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) have moved center stage and are increasingly forming part of multifaceted imaging approaches. They are complementary methodologies that can be applied to advanced quantitative analyses. The widening application of FRET and FLIM has been driven by the availability of suitable fluorophores, increasingly sophisticated microscopy systems, methodologies to correct spectral bleed-through, and the ease with which FRET can be combined with other techniques. FRET and FLIM have recently found use in several applications: in the analysis of protein-protein interactions with high spatial and temporal specificity (e.g. clustering), in the study of conformational changes, in the analysis of binding sequences, and in applications such as high-throughput screening.
Direct Monitoring of the Cross‐Over from Diffusion‐Controlled to Decomposition‐Controlled Initiation in Free Radical Polymerization

High-resolution free radical polymerization kinetics was obtained using automatic continuous online monitoring of polymerization reactions (ACOMP). A sharp cross-over from diffusion-controlled initiation at low [monomer] to initiator decomposition control at higher [monomer] was found, and agrees with the quasi-steady state approximation (QSSA). The cross-over was also measurable within individual experiments. The kinetic implications for polymer weight average molecular weight M w and intrinsic viscosity (η) w were analyzed, and the QSSA-predicted trends for the ratios of final to initial M w , and (η) w , confirmed. Analytical expressions for conversion are contrasted, and it was found that first-order fits, while not fully justified theoretically, nonetheless are robust, which simplifies calculations needed for controlling molecular weight distributions in "semi-batch" reactions, where reagents are fed to the reactor through programmable flow profiles. At the low monomer concentrations used, there was no evidence that propagation or termination rate coefficients changed during the reactions.
A Cautionary Note on the Use of Actuarial Risk Assessment Tools for Social Control

Actuarial risk assessment tools for predicting interpersonal violence and criminal recidivism have proliferated in recent years, promising to enhance their use in the day-to-day operations of the criminal justice and mental health systems. The authors consider the social and political implications of using actuarial tools for social control by offering two specific challenges. First, they argue that actuarial tools are designed primarily to facilitate the efficient management of institutional resources rather than to target individuals or social conditions in need of reform. Second, they argue that the group-based nature of actuarial prediction methods may contribute to the continued marginalization of populations already at the fringes of the economic and political mainstream.
Reliability test methods for media-compatible pressure sensors

Two applications of media exposure testing of pressure sensors with barrier coatings are presented. Experimentation was performed on an apparatus that was developed specifically for the exposure of these devices with in situ output voltage measurement in organic or aqueous environments. The first example illustrates the swelling of fluorosilicone gels in fuels and establishes a solubility parameter for one fluorosilicone gel between 6-8 (cal/cm/sup 3/)/sup 1/2/. While exposure to organic solutions has not been observed to cause catastrophic failure of fluorosilicone-gel-filled devices, corrosion is accelerated in subsequent aqueous solution exposure. An additional experiment was used to simulate automotive exhaust gases and water by exposing devices to a fuel mixture followed by an acidic solution. The second experiment was performed to study corrosion under parylene coatings during exposure to an alkaline test solution for white-goods applications. Acceleration factor expressions have been estimated considering parylene coating thickness, solution pH, and applied device supply voltage as acceleration means. These expressions have been used to evaluate parylene-coated pressure sensors against a benchmark lifetime requirement. For a 1% failure rate, parylene-coated pressure sensors survived approximately 500 h, whereas an alternative, fluorosilicone gel over parylene C coating survived over 2000 h. Furthermore, these media exposure experiments provided insight into the failure mechanisms and defined acceleration factors.
The Biology and Preliminary Host Range of Megacopta cribraria (Heteroptera: Plataspidae) and Its Impact on Kudzu Growth

The bean plataspid, Megacopta cribraria (F.), recently was discovered in the United States feeding on kudzu, Pueraria montana Lour. (Merr.) variety lobata (Willd.), an economically important invasive vine. We studied its biology on kudzu and its impact on kudzu growth. We also tested its ability to use other common forest legumes for oviposition and development. Flight intercept traps operated from 17 May 2010 to 31 May 2011 in a kudzu field near Athens, GA showed three peaks of adult flight activity suggesting there are two generations per year on kudzu. Vine samples examined for eggs from April 2010 to April 2011 and June to October 2011 showed two periods of oviposition activity in 2010, which coincided with the peaks in adult activity. In 2011, the second period of oviposition began on or before 24 June and then egg abundance declined gradually thereafter until late August when we recovered <2 eggs/0.5 m of vine. Samples of the five nymphal instars and adults on vines did not show similar trends in abundance. Adults did not lay eggs on the various legume species tested in 2010 in a no-choice test possibly because the cages were too small. In the 2011 field host range experiments conducted in a kudzu field by using 12 legume species, M. cribraria preferentially oviposited on kudzu over soybean, Glycine max Merrill., but they still laid 320 eggs per plant on soybean. Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem. and Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don had 122.2 and 108.4 eggs per plant, respectively. Kudzu and soybean were the only species M. cribraria completed development on. Plots protected from M. cribraria feeding by biweekly insecticide applications had 32.8% more kudzu biomass than unprotected plots. Our results show that M. cribraria has a significant impact on kudzu growth and could help suppress this pest weed.
Some unexpected consequences of the interaction between convective adjustment and horizontal diffusion

Abstract We consider the dynamics of a set of diffusively coupled “grid points”. The dependent variable defined at each grid point is the salinity which is forced by a spatially uniform distribution of evaporation minus precipitation. The nonlinearity in the system is a convective adjustment rule that sets the salinity back to zero if it ever exceeds one. The aim of this study is to understand the spatial and temporal variability that results from the interaction between convective adjustment rules and horizontal diffusivity. Analytic results show that the model has a large number of different solutions which are periodic in space and time. Some of these solutions have a supprising structure in which convective adjustment is entirely suppressed at some grid points, and occurs with a higher frequency at neighboring points. Numerical solutions indicate that these solutions have finite basins of attraction in the space of initial conditions. Thus small changes in the initial conditions can produce solutions with grossly different average properties. Numerical errors due to the finite size of the time step, or roundoff, can also have a decisive role in selecting the ultimate state which emerges from a particular condition. For instance, numerical errors can stabilize an unstable solution.
African-American Female College Presidents: Self Conceptions of Leadership:

This paper explores how the interaction of race and gender influences African-American female college presidents' origins and conceptions of leadership. Traditional leadership literature focuses on...
Elastic–Plastic Indentation Response of Two Transparent Fine‐Grained Polycrystalline Spinels

A systematic study, focusing on the characterization of inelastic deformation and the transition from elastic to inelastic deformation in two transparent fine-grained polycrystalline spinels (MgAl2O4) with different grain sizes, has been conducted using depth-sensing indentation techniques at high loads. Congruent experiments included observations on the evolution of indentation damage, examinations of the sub-surface damage zone and inspection of the remnant surface profiles of the impressions. Indentation stress–strain behavior obtained from analysis of load–displacement curves revealed a small difference in yielding and strain-hardening behavior even though there was a significant grain size difference. Directly below the indentation sites, regions of grain boundary cracking, associated with the inelastic zone, were identified in both spinels. Comparison of the Meyer hardness and in-situ hardness showed a discrepancy at low loads, which is a result of elastic recovery. It is proposed that spherical indentation could serve as a useful method of evaluating armor materials, particularly when the behavior is described using indentation stress and strain for the onset and development of inelastic deformation under high contact pressures and self-confining stresses.
Navigating with fingers and feet: Analysis of human (Homo sapiens) and rat (Rattus norvegicus) movement organization during nonvisual spatial tasks.

The current set of studies examines the contribution of movement segmentation to self-movement cue processing for estimating direction and distance to a start location in humans and rats. Experiments 1 and 2 examined the extent that ambulatory dead reckoning tasks can be adapted to the manipulatory scale in humans. Experiments 3 and 4 investigated the performance of rats in similar tasks at their ambulatory scale. Movement segmentation had differential effects on absolute heading error for humans and rats when only comparing performance on specific tasks; however, movement segmentation had similar effects for both species when performance was examined across all tasks. In general, magnitude of movement segmentation was associated with absolute heading error in both humans and rats. In contrast, both species modified homeward segment kinematics based on the distance to the start location in all tasks, consistent with the use of self-movement cues to estimate distance. The current study provides evidence for a role of movement segmentation in processing self-movement cues selective to direction estimation and develops a foundation for future studies investigating the neurobiology of spatial orientation.
Practical Telemedicine for Veterans with Persistently Poor Diabetes Control: A Randomized Pilot Trial

Abstract Background: Telemedicine-based diabetes management improves outcomes versus clinic care but is seldom implemented by healthcare systems. In order to advance telemedicine-based management as a practical option for veterans with persistent poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (PPDM) despite clinic-based care, we evaluated a comprehensive telemedicine intervention that we specifically designed for delivery using existing Veterans Health Administration (VHA) clinical staffing and equipment. Materials and Methods: We conducted a 6-month randomized trial among 50 veterans with PPDM; all maintained hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels continuously >9.0% for >1 year despite clinic-based management. Participants received usual care or a telemedicine intervention combining telemonitoring, medication management, self-management support, and depression management; existing VHA clinical staff delivered the intervention. Using linear mixed models, we examined HbA1c, diabetes self-care (measured by the Self-Care Invent...
N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptor Channel Block by the Enantiomeric 6,7-Benzomorphans BIII 277 CL and BIII 281 CL

BIII 277 CL {(–)-2 R -[2α,3( R *),6α]-3-(2-methoxypropyl)-6,11,11-trimethyl-2,6-methano-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-3-benzazocin-9-ol hydrochloride} is a novel benzomorphan with neuroprotective and anticonvulsant properties that exhibits high affinity binding to the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor but, in contrast to other structurally related benzomorphans, low affinity for mu opiate and sigma sites. Whole-cell voltage-clamp and single-channel recording were used to study the interaction of BIII 277 CL and its enantiomer BIII 281 CL with native NMDA receptors in cultured hippocampal neurons. BIII 277 CL and BIII 281 CL produced a slow use-dependent block of whole-cell NMDA receptor currents. Once block was established, recovery was slow (<50% in ≥40 min). The steady-state IC50( n H ) values derived from logistic fits to concentration-block isotherms obtained at –60 mV were 5.3 nM (0.67) and 58 nM (1.2), respectively. The benzomorphans had no effect on currents evoked by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate and γ-aminobutyric acid but minimally inhibited kainate-evoked currents at high (≥30 μM) concentrations. BIII 277 CL and BIII 281 CL failed to bind and block closed NMDA receptor channels, and the block was occluded by Mg++, consistent with an open channel-blocking mechanism. Steady-state block was diminished by depolarization; analysis of the voltage-dependence of block indicated that BIII 281 CL binds within the channel at a site that senses 46% of the transmembrane electric field. Recordings of single NMDA receptor channels in outside-out membrane patches confirmed the slow, persistent blocking action obtained in whole-cell recordings. In addition, at high concentrations, flickering of the unitary currents was observed consistent with a low-affinity channel-blocking action. Taking the present data in conjunction with previously obtained structure-activity information for N-substituted benzomorphans, a three-mode-blocking model was developed in which there are three interaction sites for binding of the high-affinity ligand BIII 277 CL. In this model, the drug can bind in one of three modes by docking at one, two or all three interaction points but cannot transition between modes. The model further proposes that the lower-affinity enantiomer BIII 281 CL binds in modes with one and two but not all three interaction points docked. We conclude that BIII 277 CL and BIII 281 CL are potent and selective, use-dependent (uncompetitive) channel-blocking NMDA receptor antagonists. The substantially higher affinity that BIII 277 CL exhibits for the NMDA receptor in comparison with its enantiomer and other benzomorphans appears to be due to stabilization of binding at three sites within the channel.
The Bird-in-Hand Principle: Who I Am, What I Know, and Whom I Know

This technical note explores a framework by which entrepreneurs can evaluate their ideas before going forward based on who they are, what they know, and whom they know. Drawing on frameworks presented in textbooks, trade books, journal articles, periodicals, and on Web sites that claim to predict the feasibility and value of new venture ideas. Figure 1 depicts a simple and useful summary of four key concepts at the heart of many of these frameworks: Is it doable? Is it worth doing? Can I do it? Do I want to do it? These questions address feasibility from a technical, market, financial, organizational, and motivational standpoint.
Distribution of Phanerozoic Faulting and Folding, Seismicity, and Ore Deposits in the Midcontinent Region, United States: A Reflection Widespread Proterozoic Rifting in the North American Craton?

Most of the Midcontinent region in the United States is a continental interior platform, where Precambrian basement is almost completely covered by a veneer of Phanerozoic sedimentary strata. To structural geologists accustomed to working in orogens, continental-interior platforms appear, at first glance, to have been undeformed during the Phanerozoic. Yet on closer examination the Midcontinent does contain a fascinating history of Phanerozoic tectonism; this history is recorded by structural features that differ markedly in style from the more dramatic features of orogens. Structural features of the Midcontinent can be divided into two general categories: (1) epeirogenic features (basins, domes, and arches of regional extent) whose development, though affecting regional patterns of stratigraphic thickness and facies, has resulted only in regional bedding dips of less than a few degrees; and, (2) fault and fold zones, which are belts of relatively localized deformation in which faulting has displaced stratigraphic contacts and/or bedding has been significantly bent or tilted. In this paper, we speculate on the question of fault and fold zones originated.
Redbacked Cutworm: Sequential Sampling Plans in Peppermint

Seventy-two stratified random 929-cm2 soil samples were sufficient to estimate density of Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenee) in commercial-sized peppermint fields of 3 different age classes. Larvae were contagiously dispersed in most fields sampled, but when the density was <0.50/929 cm2, dispersion appeared random. Sequential sampling plans were developed for newly planted fields <1 yr old (class I) and declining fields ≥ 6 yr old (class III). A plan could not be developed for class II fields (2–5 yr old) because cutworm densities were too low to determine the ElL in this study. These plans will provide growers with procedures to determine whether or not control is justified for redbacked cutworm in 2 different-aged peppermint fields.
A solution concept forn-person noncooperative games

The paper describes a solution concept forn-person noncooperative games, developed jointly by the author and Reinhard Selten. Its purpose is to select one specific perfect equilibrium points=s (G) as the solution of any given noncooperative gameG. The solution is constructed by an inductive procedure. In defining the solutions (G) of gameG, we use the solutionss (G *) of the component gamesG * (if any) ofG; and in defining the solutions (G*) of any such component gameG *, we use the solutionss (G **) of its own component gamesG ** (if any), etc. This inductive procedure is well-defined because it always comes to an end after a finite number of steps. At each level, the solution of a game (or of a component game) is defined in two steps. First, aprior subjectiveprobability distribution p i is assigned to the pure strategies of each playeri, meant to represent the other players' initial expectations about playeri's likely strategy choice. Then, a mathematical procedure, called thetracing procedure, is used to define the solution on the basis of these prior probability distributionsp i . The tracing procedure is meant to provide a mathematical representation for thesolution process by which rational players manage to coordinate their strategy plans and their expectations, and make them converge to one specific equilibrium point as solution for the game
On the Poverty of Our Nomenclature

This paper examines the recent proposal to christen our geological epoch “the Anthropocene.” The reasoning offered for this new name is that humanity’s enormous mark on the geological strata would be a discernible boundary to future geologists; therefore a change in nomenclature is called for to reflect our transition out of the Holocene (our epoch’s current formal name). I argue, however, that the pitch for the Anthropocene goes well beyond this rationale. The Anthropocene has morphed into a discourse that is organizing the perception of a world picture (past, present, and future) through a set of ideas and prescriptions that is tenaciously anthropocentric; indeed, the championed name itself—Anthropocene, or the age of Man—evokes the human-centeredness that is at the root of our ecological predicament. The main argument of this paper is that the discourse of the Anthropocene refuses to challenge human dominion, proposing instead technological and managerial approaches that would make human dominion sustainable. By the same token, the Anthropocene discourse blocks from consideration the possibility of abolishing a way of life founded on the domination of nature. In conclusion, I submit that while technological and managerial approaches have a place in addressing ecological problems, our predicament primarily calls for a drastic pulling back and scaling down of the human presence—welcoming limitations of our numbers, economies, forms of habitation, and uses of land and sea, so that humanity may flourish together with the entire breadth
Design and Development of a Smart Exercise Bike for Motor Rehabilitation in Individuals With Parkinson's Disease

Recent studies in rehabilitation of Parkinson's disease (PD) have shown that cycling on a tandem bike at a high pedaling rate can reduce the symptoms of the disease. In this paper, a smart motorized bicycle has been designed and built for assisting Parkinson's patients with exercise to improve motor function. The exercise bike can accurately control the rider's experience at an accelerated pedaling rate, while capturing real-time test data. Here, the design and development of the electronics and hardware as well as the software and control algorithms are presented. Two control algorithms have been developed for the bike: one that implements an inertia load (static mode) and one that implements a speed reference (dynamic mode). In static mode, the bike operates as a regular exercise bike with programmable resistance (load) that captures and records the required signals, such as heart rate, cadence, and power. In dynamic mode, the bike operates at a user-selected speed (cadence) with programmable variability in speed that has been shown to be essential to achieve the desired motor performance benefits for PD patients. In addition, the flexible and extensible design of the bike permits readily changing the control algorithm and incorporating additional I/O as needed to provide a wide range of riding experiences. Furthermore, the network-enabled controller provides remote access to bike data during a riding session.
358 DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION IN B CELLS FROM GULLAH LUPUS PATIENTS AND CONTROLS.

Purpose The Gullah population has a very low level of European admixture and has higher homogeneity in terms of environmental and genetic influences. The incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is high and the clinical manifestations of Gullah SLE patients are also often severe. Therefore, such characteristics may help us identify more easily, through gene expression microarrays, the genes involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. We studied gene expression in Epstein-Barr virus transformed B cell lines derived from Gullah SLE patients and matched unrelated controls to identify candidate genes or pathways important in the development of lupus. Methods 6 Gullah SLE patients were selected according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for SLE. 6 controls were matched by age, sex, race, and state of residence. Human genome U133 plus 2.0 arrays (Affymetrix) were used for each subject. Gene expression differences were evaluated for genes with p 2.0 or Results Two separate independent tests of these 6 pairs were done. The consistency between these two tests is 62%. Samples from the Gullah lupus patients differently expressed 299 genes when compared to controls (284 up-regulated, 15 downregulated). The differentially expressed genes include small nuclear ribonucleotide proteins, apoptosis pathway members, signal transduction pathway members, and ubiquitin specific protease related genes. Several genes are located in lupus susceptibility loci. Conclusions Differential gene expression analysis of cell lines derived from Gullah lupus patients and controls has allowed us to identify promising candidate genes and associated pathways that promise to be important to understanding lupus.
An 85-year-old woman with respiratory failure and positional hypoxemia

Her oxygen saturation was more than 93% when lying down but dropped to less than 85% when she was upright.
Kenneth Oldfield's Responds to Two Critics of His 'Why Public Administration Should Be the First Discipline to Implement a Social Class-Based Affirmative Action Plan for Hiring Professors'

Despite heralding its commitment to egalitarian values and ‎being avant-garde, previously published research shows academic public administration has either been a no-show or a latecomer to several major social equity issues, including race, gender, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic class. This failure to fulfill its stated ideals has been especially apparent for the last category, social class. Notwithstanding its many proclamations, the discipline has mostly ignored one class-related topic in particular: how the socioeconomic circumstances of birth profoundly affect an individual's major life outcomes, above all educational achievement. Children born of higher socioeconomic families are more likely to finish high school, attend and complete college, finish an advanced degree, or become faculty members/academic administrators. A previously published paper challenged public administration to prove its self-proclaimed commitment to "affirmative action," "diversity," and being a "cutting edge" discipline by recruiting and hiring more professors of poverty and working class origins. This paper rebuts arguments presented by two authors who opposed the idea.
Computational Geology 1 – Significant Figures!

(1998). Computational Geology 1 – Significant Figures! Journal of Geoscience Education: Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 292-295.
Motoneuron glutamatergic receptor expression following recovery from cervical spinal hemisection

Cervical spinal hemisection at C2 (SH) removes premotor drive to phrenic motoneurons located in segments C3-C5 in rats. Spontaneous recovery of ipsilateral diaphragm muscle activity is associated with increased phrenic motoneuron expression of glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and decreased expression of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionic acid (AMPA) receptors. Glutamatergic receptor expression is regulated by tropomyosin-related kinase receptor subtype B (TrkB) signaling in various neuronal systems, and increased TrkB receptor expression in phrenic motoneurons enhances recovery post-SH. Accordingly, we hypothesize that recovery of ipsilateral diaphragm muscle activity post-SH, whether spontaneous or enhanced by adenoassociated virus (AAV)-mediated upregulation of TrkB receptor expression, is associated with increased expression of glutamatergic NMDA receptors in phrenic motoneurons. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent diaphragm electromyography electrode implantation and SH surgery. Rats were injected intrapleurally with AAV expressing TrkB or GFP 3 weeks before SH. At 14 days post-SH, the proportion of animals displaying recovery of ipsilateral diaphragm activity increased in AAV-TrkB-treated (9/9) compared with untreated (3/5) or AAV-GFP-treated (4/10; P < 0.027) animals. Phrenic motoneuron NMDA NR1 subunit mRNA expression was approximately fourfold greater in AAV-TrkB- vs. AAV-GFP-treated SH animals (P < 0.004) and in animals displaying recovery vs. those not recovering (P < 0.005). Phrenic motoneuron AMPA glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2) subunit mRNA expression decreased after SH, and, albeit increased in animals displaying recovery vs. those not recovering, levels remained lower than control. We conclude that increased phrenic motoneuron expression of glutamatergic NMDA receptors is associated with spontaneous recovery after SH and enhanced recovery after AAV-TrkB treatment. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:1192-1205, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Double heterozygous mutation positive familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with early-onset sudden cardiac arrest

Abstract Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a variable disease both phenotypically and genetically with challenges surrounding identification of those individuals at risk of sudden death. Current guidelines by the American Heart Association (AHA)/American College of Cardiology (ACC) recommend clinical screening of children with first-degree family members with HCM starting at the age of 12 or the onset of puberty. We report a case of a child with known double-heterozygous mutations causative of HCM. The child had evidence of HCM by 4 months of age, and experienced aborted cardiac death starting at 7 years of age. This case suggests that multiple HCM-associated genetic mutations may portend a higher risk for severe HCM and predispose to early onset cardiac arrest, thereby requiring earlier clinical screening.
Brief report: Motivations for HIV testing among young men who have sex with men in Los Angeles County

ABSTRACTDespite current prevention efforts, HIV incidence continues to rise among young men who have sex with men (YMSM) in the United States. Identification of new infections through routine testing is an important first step in the HIV treatment cascade; behavioral assessment among those who test negative may prompt deployment of new biomedical prevention efforts. The present study interviewed 100 YMSM (mean age 25) in Los Angeles, California, with the goal of identifying and understanding HIV testing beliefs and behaviors. Analysis of responses to brief semistructured interviews was conducted using content analysis. Findings highlight high rates of testing (91% lifetime tested; 59% in past 6 months) but reveal a disconnect between HIV testing and risk assessment. Partnerships between academic institutions, community-based organizations, and individual practitioners may facilitate community-wide HIV testing complemented by biomedical interventions. Further exploration of YMSM’s attitudes toward HIV test...
Estimate of undergraduate university student alcohol use in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

To develop an estimate of self-reported last 30 day alcohol use by university students in China. A search of papers published in English and Chinese between 2006 and 2015, following pre-established selection criteria, identified 30 papers that were included in this meta-analysis. Nine moderator variables were preselected for this analysis. A total of 749 papers were identified in the keyword search, and 30 studies (28 in Chinese, 2 in English) met all selection criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The self-reported last-30-day alcohol use for undergraduate university students was 66.8% for males and 31.7% for females. Meta-regression identified three moderators associated with the different drinking rates reported: the definition of drinking, the origin of the questionnaire used in the survey, and the geographic region where the survey was conducted. These three moderators explained 56% of the heterogeneity of reported drinking rates for the male students and 47% of the heterogeneity of reported drinking rates for the female students. The results of this meta-analysis provide an estimate of last 30 day alcohol use by university students (age 18–23) and increase our understanding of drinking by young people in China. The meta-analysis suggested three variables that could have affected the results and which are worthy of further study. The discussion places these results in the context of Chinese drinking culture and university life.
Forecasting Carbon Monoxide on a Global Scale for the ATom-1 Aircraft Mission: Insights from Airborne and Satellite Observations and Modeling

Abstract. The first phase of the Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom-1) took place in July–August 2016 and included flights above the remote Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Sampling of atmospheric constituents during these flights is designed to provide new insights into the chemical reactivity and processes of the remote atmosphere and how these processes are affected by anthropogenic emissions. Model simulations provide a valuable tool for interpreting these measurements and understanding the origin of the observed trace gases and aerosols, so it is important to quantify model performance. Goddard Earth Observing System Model version 5 (GEOS-5) forecasts and analyses show considerable skill in predicting and simulating the CO distribution and the timing of CO enhancements observed during the ATom-1 aircraft mission. We use GEOS-5's tagged tracers for CO to assess the contribution of different emission sources to the regions sampled by ATom-1 to elucidate the dominant anthropogenic influences on different parts of the remote atmosphere. We find a dominant contribution from non-biomass-burning sources along the ATom transects except over the tropical Atlantic, where African biomass burning makes a large contribution to the CO concentration. One of the goals of ATom is to provide a chemical climatology over the oceans, so it is important to consider whether August 2016 was representative of typical boreal summer conditions. Using satellite observations of 700 hPa and column CO from the Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument, 215 hPa CO from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), and aerosol optical thickness from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), we find that CO concentrations and aerosol optical thickness in August 2016 were within the observed range of the satellite observations but below the decadal median for many of the regions sampled. This suggests that the ATom-1 measurements may represent relatively clean but not exceptional conditions for lower-tropospheric CO .
How Documentation of Practice Contributes to Construction and Reconstruction of an Understanding of Learning and Teaching

Learning to teach requires constant construction and reconstruction of one’s teaching, lessons, classroom management, philosophy, and a devotion to an inquiry stance toward practice. This chapter demonstrates how documentation of practice is used to support both students and teachers. Student teachers can learn to use documentation to identify questions, investigate children’s learning as well as their own, and connect this learning to the accountability measures in place. These practices enable them to regard teaching as a learning profession.
Assuring Virtual PLC in the Context of SysML Models

In complex industrial projects, textual information has been recognized as an important factor for automatically recovering trace links in software development. The goal of this paper is to empirically investigate if the trace links in the simulation result can assist in validating a virtual Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) in the context of System Modeling Language (SysML). We integrate the concept of obstacle analysis to recover situations in which a safety requirement will not be satisfied. Therefore, we use fault tree analysis to validate the safety requirements, and further use the elements of the fault tree to evaluate the quality of the automatically recovered trace links. We showed that the identified impacts of assuring virtual PLC (V-PLC) elements using traceability information can be reused to ensure a number of other PLCs or requirements in the systems models. This paper presents our experience of applying our approach using an automatic transmission systems built in SysML models.
Cervical lymphangioma in the adult.

Cervical lymphangioma is rare among adults. Thirty-two patients with cervical lymphangioma were treated at the Mayo Clinic between 1950 and 1982. The records of these patients were reviewed to inve...
Nuclear medicine imaging of renal and hepatic transplant complications

1034 Learning Objectives To present and discuss the spectrum of short and long term complications of renal and hepatic transplants diagnosed by nuclear medicine imaging procedures. Nuclear medicine provides an important functional evaluation of renal and hepatic transplants post-operatively and during long term monitoring of recipient patients. This exhibit presents different types of complications involving kidney and liver transplants documented on scintigraphic imaging. The renal cases imaged mostly by renal scintigraphy include Page’s kidney syndrome, cortical infarction, urine leak and degloving complication from organ harvest. The hepatic cases imaged by hepatobiliary scan and PET/CT include iatrogenic biliary duct obstruction, and metastasis from recipient prior cholangiosarcoma and from donor primary malignancy. Features of each of these complications are illustrated and discussed
Nanostructured Carbon Coatings

This paper provides an overview of nanocrystalline and nanostructured carbon coatings and explores a very broad range of potentially important carbon nanostructures that may be used in future technologies. A new method for the synthesis of nanostructured carbon coatings on the surface of SiC and other metal carbides is described. This method is accomplished through the extraction of metals from carbides by supercritical water or halogens in a high temperature reactor.
Modeling of p-i-n GaAsPN/GaP MQWs solar cell: towards lattice matched III-V/Si tandem

Dual junction thin film III-V/Si solar cell's efficiencies are limited to 20% because of high dislocation densities (> /cm2) due to lattice mismatch. GaAsPN is a promising dilute nitride semiconductor lattice matched to silicon and suitable for the optimal bandgap for III-V/Si tandem solar cells. We designed defect tolerant, resonantly coupled asymmetric GaAsPN/GaP quantum wells in the intrinsic region of p-i-n MQWs solar cell for faster collection of photo-carriers (few picoseconds). Optimum number of resonantly coupled quantum wells of GaAsPN/GaP projects short circuit current of 16mA/cm2 under AM1.5G spectrum using realistic drift-diffusion model. We have also simulated spectral response, JV characteristics and maximum efficiency of GaAsPN/GaP p-i-n MQWs solar cell where efficiency surpass the for ae.
Should pretest genetic counselling be required for patients pursuing genomic sequencing? Results from a survey of participants in a large genomic implementation study

Purpose We assessed the decision-making of individuals pursuing genomic sequencing without a requirement for pretest genetic counselling. We sought to describe the extent to which individuals who decline genetic counselling reported decisional conflict or struggled to make a decision to pursue genomic testing. Methods We administered a 100-item survey to 3037 individuals who consented to the Return of Actionable Variants Empirical study, a genomic medicine implementation study supported by the National Institutes of Health (USA) eMERGE consortium. The primary outcomes of interest were self-reported decisional conflict about the decision to participate in the study and time required to reach a decision. Results We received 2895 completed surveys (response rate=95.3%), and of these respondents 97.8% completed the decisional conflict scale in its entirety. A majority of individuals (63%) had minimal or no decisional conflict about the pursuit of genomic sequencing and were able to reach a decision quickly (78%). Multivariable logistic regression analyses identified several characteristics associated with decisional conflict, including lower education, lower health literacy, lower self-efficacy in coping, lack of prior experience with genetic testing, not discussing study participation with a family member or friend, and being male. Conclusion As genomic sequencing is used more widely, genetic counselling resources may not be sufficient to meet demand. Our results challenge the notion that all individuals need genetic counselling in order to make an informed decision about genomic sequencing.
Low statin use in nondialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease in the absence of clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or diabetes.

Background Both reduced glomerular filtration rate and increased urine albumin excretion, markers of chronic kidney disease (CKD), are associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, CKD is not recognized as an ASCVD risk equivalent by most lipid guidelines. Statin medications, especially when combined with ezetimibe, significantly reduce ASCVD risk in patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD. Unless physicians recognize the heightened ASCVD risk in this population, statins may not be prescribed in the absence of clinical cardiovascular disease or diabetes, a recognized ASCVD risk equivalent. We examined statin use in adults with nondialysis-dependent CKD and examined whether the use differed in the presence of clinical ASCVD and diabetes. Methods This study ascertained statin use from pharmacy dispensing records during fiscal years 2012 and 2013 from the US Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. The study included 581 344 veterans aged ≥50 years with nondialysis-dependent CKD Stages 3-5 with no history of kidney transplantation or dialysis. The 10-year predicted ASCVD risk was calculated with the pooled risk equation. Results Of veterans with CKD, 62.1% used statins in 2012 and 55.4% used statins continuously over 2 years (2012-13). Statin use in 2012 was 76.2 and 75.5% among veterans with CKD and ASCVD or diabetes, respectively, but in the absence of ASCVD, diabetes or a diagnosis of hyperlipidemia, statin use was 21.8% (P < 0.001). The 10-year predicted ASCVD risk was ≥7.5% in 95.1% of veterans with CKD, regardless of diabetes status. Conclusions Statin use is low in veterans with nondialysis-dependent CKD in the absence of ASCVD or diabetes despite high-predicted ASCVD risk. Future studies should examine other populations.
Abstract TP555: Early Rehabilitation in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients is Associated With Better Cognitive Outcomes and Shorter ICU Stay

Early rehabilitation is associated with improved outcomes in some neurological conditions. Patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) have prolonged ICU and hospital stays with delayed...
Crypto and the War to End All Wars: 1914–1919

The use of wireless telegraphy – radio – during World War I marked the advent of modern cryptology. For the first time, commanders were sending enciphered messages to front line troops and for the first time, the enemy had an enormous amount of ciphertext to work with. This spurred the development of more complicated codes and ciphers and eventually led to the development of machine cryptography. World War I is the first time that the Americans had a formal cryptanalytic organization. It is the beginning, in all the nations involved in the conflict, of the bureaucracy of secrecy. In the United States it marks the first appearance of the two founding fathers of modern American cryptology, Herbert O. Yardley and William F. Friedman. This chapter introduces Herbert Yardley and William Friedman and examines some of the cryptographic systems used during World War I.
Study on Mems Glassblown Cells for NMR Sensors

This paper presents a study on factors that affect the relaxation rates of noble gas atoms in miniaturized atomic vapor cells of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) sensors. The cells are implemented using the micro-glassblowing process, [1]. Our study is focused on the cell construction material and the inner wall coating of the cells. We showed that the wafer-level coating process with A12O3 increased the 131Xe relaxation time (T2) by 4x and by switching from Borosilicate glass (Pyrex) to Aluminosilicate glass (ASG) T2 improved by 3x, for the same species. The improvement in T2 is projected to reduce the ARW of an NMR gyro by 4x and 3x with A12O3 coated cells and ASG cells, respectively.