cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multilevel governance in climate change adaptation: Conceptual clarification and future outlook

Abstract The cascading impacts of climate change can be observed at multiple levels of governance (i.e., global, national, regional, local). Because of the multidimensional impacts, climate adaptation actions require the engagement of multiple actors in different sectors and at various levels of governance. The different roles played by these policy actors and their interactions create a multiactor network of adaptation governance. The analysis of governance in this multiactor multilevel network needs an understanding of the multilevel governance (MLG) concept. The use of this concept in examining adaptation actions would make the adaptation governance process more efficient and effective. In climate adaptation research, the MLG concept has often been used without sufficient background or contextual grounding. In this chapter, I attempt to provide an overview of the use of the MLG concept in climate adaptation research. I discuss how this concept evolved and what issues need consideration before applying the concept to an adaptation context. I also present the climate adaptation research themes in which this concept is being used. I further provide the research limitations and future outlook.
Reproductive performance in some Minnesota dairy herds

It is a considerable time since a detailed report of reproductive performance in Minnesota dairy herds was published. Since that time, new products and technologies have been introduced which result in an increase in the options available for the herd manager who seeks to improve reproductive performance and control in dairy herds. New therapies which have become available for reproductive disease have been shown to be successful in controlled studies. It is therefore time that a new look is taken at reproductive performance in Minnesota herds to determine if improvements have occurred. Another and perhaps more important reason to determine current performance levels is to identify the areas in the reproductive management system where improvements can continue to be made. It is hoped that information presented in this paper may provide some basis for comparison when veterinarians are evaluating the reproductive performance of herds which they serve.
AC0 Unpredictability

We prove that for every distribution D on n bits with Shannon entropy ≥ n − a, at most O(2da logd+1g)/γ5 of the bits Di can be predicted with advantage γ by an AC0 circuit of size g and depth D that is a function of all of the bits of D except Di. This answers a question by Meir and Wigderson, who proved a corresponding result for decision trees. We also show that there are distributions D with entropy ≥ n − O(1) such that any subset of O(n/ log n) bits of D on can be distinguished from uniform by a circuit of depth 2 and size poly(n). This separates the notions of predictability and distinguishability in this context.
Climate Change and Agriculture in Sri Lanka: a Ricardian Valuation

This paper measures climate change impacts on Sri Lankan agriculture using the Ricardian method. The model examines the net revenue per hectare of the four most important crops in the country. The limited range of temperature variation allows only a simple test of temperature impacts, but the greater range of precipitation across the country distinguishesmore complex precipitation effects.We then examine the impacts of the climate predictions of five AOGCM models and two simple uniform change scenarios for SriLanka. The impacts of rainfall increases are predicted to be beneficial to the country as a whole in all five AOGCM scenarios, but temperature increases are predicted to be harmful. Nationally, the impacts vary from −11 billion rupees (−20 per cent) to +39 billion rupees (+72 per cent) depending on the climate scenarios. With warming, the already dry regions (the Northern and Eastern provinces), are expected to lose large portions of their current agriculture, but the cooler regions (the central highlands), are predicted to remain the same or increase their output. The paper reconfirms that climate change damages could be large in tropical developing countries, but highly dependent on the actual climate scenario.
Interstitial Amyloidosis in Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis

Introduction/aims Intracellular congophilic inclusions within muscle fibers, although nonspecific, are one of the pathological hallmarks of sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM). Extracellular amyloid deposits in muscle, on the other hand, are the canonical findings of amyloid myopathies, which occur with or without systemic amyloidosis. Methods We reviewed the muscle biopsy database (1998-2020) to identify sIBM patients with extracellular amyloid deposits. Clinical and laboratory data were reviewed. Results We identified five sIBM patients (three clinicopathologically defined and two clinically defined) with extracellular amyloid deposits in muscle. Mean age at diagnosis was 74.8 y (range, 68-84 y). All patients had a typical sIBM pattern of weakness without associated sensory or autonomic symptoms. None had electrophysiological evidence of peripheral neuropathy. Only one patient had a monoclonal gammopathy (immunoglobulin M-lambda, IgM-λ) with normal bone marrow biopsy. This patient with monoclonal gammopathy and three other patients underwent abdominal fat pad aspirate and were negative for amyloid. Cardiac evaluation was unrevealing in the four patients tested. Three patients without monoclonal gammopathy had normal transthyretin gene sequencing and inconclusive mass spectrometry-based analysis. The patient with monoclonal gammopathy died of pneumosepsis 5 y after diagnosis and autopsy revealed multi-organ transthyretin amyloidosis. Discussion Detection of extracellular amyloid deposition in muscle should trigger an aggressive search for systemic amyloidosis independently from other associated myopathological abnormalities. Amyloid subtyping is crucial for early therapy and mortality prevention. An isolated monoclonal gammopathy should not halt a search for non-hematological causes of systemic amyloidosis.
PARENTS AND ATHLETES PERCEIVE PAIN AND PEER RELATIONSHIPS DIFFERENTLY: EARLY RESULTS OF A PROMIS DYAD STUDY:

Introduction:Parents/caregivers are a crucial part of young athletes’ support systems, as their beliefs can have a profound effect on the athletes’ treatment and recovery. However, it is unknown to...
Public School Trauma Intervention for School Shootings: A National Survey of School Leaders.

Trauma intervention in United States’ (U.S.) public schools is varied. The occurrence of public-school shootings across the U.S. elicits questions related to how public schools currently address and provide resources related to trauma for employees and students. A randomized, national survey of public-school teachers, guidance counselors, and administrators was conducted to gather information on public-school preparedness for response to trauma. Findings indicated that only 16.9% of respondents indicated their schools have trauma or crisis plans that address issues related to school shootings. Furthermore, public schools use a variety of strategies to address trauma, but teachers, guidance counselors, and administrators were often unsure about the effectiveness of these trauma interventions in the event of school shootings. Implications for findings suggest methods to enhance next steps in the area of trauma response to school shootings.
Physics with Hadron Colliders

There are many physics issues addressed by hadron collider experiments. Studies of the production of jets, direct photons, and large PT W and Z bosons test next to leading order QCD calculations. Precision measurements of the mass and lifetime of the W provide stringent constraints on the Standard Model of Electroweak interactions. The need for extensions to the Standard Model is probed with the search for new massive objects, such as higher mass intermediate vector bosons, supersymmetric particles, or indirectly by looking for quark compositeness.
As Time Goes by: Boomerang Marriages, Serial Spouses, Throwback Couples, and Other Romantic Adventures in an Age of Longevity, by Abigail Trafford

Abigail Trafford, a Washington Post columnist, examines in her book As Time Goes By: Boomerang Marriages, Serial Spouses, Throwback Couples, and Other Romantic Adventures in an Age of Longevity the...
Antiferromagnetic transitions in tetragonal-like BiFeO 3

Recent studies have reported the existence of an epitaxially stabilized tetragonal-like (``$T$-like'') monoclinic phase in ${\mathrm{BiFeO}}_{3}$ thin films with high levels of compressive strain. While their structural and ferroelectric properties are different from those of rhombohedral-like (``$R$-like'') films with lower levels of strain, little information exists on magnetic properties. Here, we report on a detailed neutron scattering study of a nearly phase-pure film of $T$-like ${\mathrm{BiFeO}}_{3}$. By tracking the temperature dependence and relative intensity of several superstructure peaks in the reciprocal lattice cell, we confirm antiferromagnetism with largely G-type character and ${T}_{N}=324$ K, significantly below a structural phase transition at 375 K, contrary to previous reports. Evidence for a second transition, possibly a minority magnetic phase with C-type character, is also reported with ${T}_{N}=260$ K. The coexistence of the two magnetic phases in $T$-like ${\mathrm{BiFeO}}_{3}$ and the difference in ordering temperatures between $R$-like and $T$-like systems is explained through simple Fe-O-Fe bond distance considerations.
Radical hysterectomy for invasive cervical cancer: A 25-year prospective experience with the Miami technique

Background. The Miami modification of the traditional Wertheim-Meigs radical hysterectomy was used to treat Stage IB-IIA cervical cancer in a 25-year prospective study involving 978 patients. Methods. The modifications included: vaginal reconstruction and closure using bladder and rectosigmoid serosa, retroperitoneal drainage through abdominal suction catheters, and suspension of the denuded ureters with the ipsilateral obliterated hypogastric artery
The Massachusetts Health Plan: Public Insurance for the Poor, Private Insurance for the Wealthy, Self-Insurance for the Rest?

The Massachusetts Law for "Providing Access to Affordable, Quality, Accountable Health Care" represents one of the most ambitious attempts yet by one of the United States to reform its health care financing system.' It is useful, however, to situate this reform in the context of a larger discussion of health care financing reform that has been underway for some time. For at least the past quarter century, three visions of how to reform health care finance in the United States have competed for the allegiance of policy makers. The first of these visions calls for expansion of public insurance to achieve universal coverage, or something very close to it. 2 This model is often characterized as a single-payer model, although universal public coverage does not, of course, require a single payer. Many of the world's social insurance programs in fact have multiple payers.3 One way to achieve universal coverage through public insurance would be to expand the Medicare program to cover the entire population. Universal coverage, however, could also be achieved
Double peaked broad line profiles — edge on accretion disks or double quasar nuclei?

It is pointed out that a significant fraction (over 50%) of quasars do not show smooth symmetric “logarithmic” broad line profiles, but instead show double broad line peaks, usually unequal in brightness, always one blueshifted and one redshifted relative to the systemic velocity. The problems with the former explanations of obscuration effects or variability are summarized and the case is made for there being two active objects in these galactic nuclei. It is argued that line variability data (and other considerations) firmly rule out the recently suggested alternative hypothesis that these double peaked broad line objects are due to edge on accretion discs.
Psychological Distress Across the Life Course and Cardiometabolic Risk: Findings From the 1958 British Birth Cohort Study

Abstract Background Research suggests cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are influenced by psychological distress in adulthood; however, this research is often limited to adult populations and/or a snapshot measure of distress. Given emerging recognition that cardiometabolic diseases have childhood origins, an important question is whether psychological distress earlier in life influences disease development. Objectives This study sought to assess whether life course patterns of psychological distress assessed from childhood through adulthood predict biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk in adulthood and whether effects of sustained distress differ from more limited exposure. Methods The sample (n = 6,714) consists of members of the 1958 British Birth Cohort Study who completed repeated measures of psychological distress and a biomedical survey at age 45 years. Psychological distress profiles over the life course (no distress, childhood only, adulthood only, or persistent distress) were identified from 6 assessments between ages 7 and 42 years. Cardiometabolic risk was assessed by combining information on 9 biomarkers of immune, cardiovascular, and metabolic system function. Covariate adjusted linear regression models were used to assess associations between distress profiles and cardiometabolic risk. Results Compared with those with no distress, cardiometabolic risk was higher among people with psychological distress in childhood only (β = 0.11, SE = 0.03, p = 0.0002), in adulthood only (β = 0.09, SE = 0.03, p = 0.007), and persistent across the life course (β = 0.26, SE = 0.04, p Conclusions Psychological distress at any point in the life course is associated with higher cardiometabolic risk. This is the first study to suggest that even if distress appears to remit by adulthood, heightened risk of cardiometabolic disease remains. Findings suggest early emotional development may be a target for primordial prevention and for promoting lifelong cardiovascular health.
Engine-induced structural-borne noise in a general aviation aircraft

Structural borne interior noise in a single engine general aviation aircraft was studied to determine the importance of engine induced structural borne noise and to determine the necessary modeling requirements for the prediction of structural borne interior noise. Engine attached/detached ground test data show that engine induced structural borne noise is a primary interior noise source for the single engine test aircraft, cabin noise is highly influenced by responses at the propeller tone, and cabin acoustic resonances can influence overall noise levels. Results from structural and acoustic finite element coupled models of the test aircraft show that wall flexibility has a strong influence on fundamental cabin acoustic resonances, the lightweight fuselage structure has a high modal density, and finite element analysis procedures are appropriate for the prediction of structural borne noise.
Virus Interference by Cellular Double-Stranded Ribonucleic Acid

Ribonuclease-resistant ribonucleic acid (RNA) was isolated from uridine-labeled cultures of rabbit kidney, chicken embryo, and HeLa cells. This RNA, regardless of its source, was found to induce interference with virus growth in either rabbit kidney or chicken embryo cultures. Nuclease-treated cellular nucleic acids exhibited interference-inducing activity which eluted with a small fraction of RNA in the exclusion volume of a 6% agarose gel column. Besides resistance to ribonucleases, the interference inducer and RNA isolated from partially digested nucleic acids have in common two properties of double-stranded RNA: (i) similar sharp melting profiles were obtained for inducer and ribonuclease-resistant RNA, with Tm dependent on NaCl concentration; (ii) ribonuclease-resistant inducer and RNA banded together in Cs2SO4 density gradients at a density characteristic of known double-stranded RNA. After melting at low ionic strength, the labeled RNA shifted to a higher density and its capacity to inhibit virus replication was lost. Velocity sedimentation analysis of the cellular ribonuclease-resistant RNA indicated that the majority sedimented between 7 and 11S, but only RNA sedimenting at ≧8 to 20S had a high specific activity of interference induction. Without prior ribonuclease treatment, the ribonuclease-resistant RNA can be precipitated with 2 m LiCl and thus appears to exist in purified cellular nucleic acids as part of molecular complexes with both single- and double-stranded regions of RNA. The biosynthesis of cellular double-stranded RNA is inhibited by actinomycin D.
Activated Ketones as Inhibitors of Intracellular Ca2+-Dependent and Ca2+-Independent Phospholipase A2

Studies are reported on two different types of activated ketones as inhibitors of two important intracellular phospholipase A2s (PLA2): the group IV 85 kDa Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and the P388D1 Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2). In a mixed micelle assay, we observed that the reaction progress curve of cPLA2 in the presence of a trifluoromethyl ketone (TFMK) is linear at pH 7.4, while at pH 9.0 it is nonlinear and slows with time. An investigation of this discrepancy demonstrated that the TFMKs are slow, tight-binding inhibitors of the cPLA2 at both pH's, that the rate of dissociation of the enzyme−inhibitor complex is the same at both pH's, but that the rate of association of enzyme and inhibitor is slower at pH 7.4 than at pH 9.0. A novel group of activated ketone inhibitors has been synthesized that contain a fatty acyl tricarbonyl. These compounds also inhibit the cPLA2 in the mixed micelle assay. The inhibition of cPLA2 by the tricarbonyls is readily reversible upon dilution ...
Preoperative staging of esophageal malignancies with endosonography

The prognosis of patients with esophageal carcinoma is strongly correlated with the stage of disease at time of diagnosis. Overall, stage is determined via assessment of depth of penetration (T stage) and the presence or absence of local nodal or distant metastases (N and M stage, respectively). Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is currently the only clinically available imaging modality that allows visualization of the individual tissue layers of the esophageal wall. In addition, most common sites of nodal metastases are seen easily. Thus, EUS is uniquely suited to the preoperative staging of esophageal malignancies. This article describes the techniques involved in performing accurate and safe preoperative staging of esophageal malignancies with EUS.
Corrosion of Austenitic Alloys in Binary 60/40 Nitrate Salt at 600°C

Industrial power utilities are using molten binary nitrate salt as a heat transfer fluid and thermal storage media for solar energy generation. Currently, the maximum bulk temperature is 565°C, due to concerns of salt degradation and materials compatibility with containment vessels.To increase overall cycle efficiency, one must increase the upper temperature of the nitrate salt, thereby lowering the levelized cost of electricity (LCoE) through higher power cycle efficiency. The corrosion performance of 316 stainless steel and Inconel 625 is currently characterized at 600°C. However, the 316SS has exhibited stress corrosion cracking (thought due to aqueous flush in Solar Two [1]), and while In625 performs well, its cost is prohibitive. Therefore, current research seeks to evaluate heat-resistant austenitic alloys for use with nitrate salts, ascertaining if they have superior performance characteristics, as well as assessing their mechanisms of corrosion.Sandia National Laboratory is researching four alloys (S35140, ATI332Mo, RA330, and HA556) for corrosion performance at 600°C for 3000 hours, under a cover gas of air. Air is used to simulate the chemistry conditions expected in a power plant.This work details the corrosion rate and the oxide structure for each alloy. Research indicates all alloys are very corrosion-resistant, with metal loss rates projected to be less than 21μm/year after 3000 hours. Though all alloys performed well, corrosion rate data for RA330 (Fe-19Cr-35Ni + minor elements) currently appears to exhibit a linear loss mechanism. In conclusion, this paper will explore the differences in oxide formation between these similar alloys.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Species Variation and Stereoselectivity in the Metabolism of Nicotine Enantiomers

1. High performance liquid radiochromatographic systems have been developed for the identification and quantification of 7 urinary metabolites of both S-(-)-[3H-N'-CH3]nicotine and R-(+)-[3H-N'-CH3] nicotine in guinea pig, hamster, rat and rabbit.2. 3′-Hydroxycotinine was a major urinary metabolite of both S-(-)-nicotine and R-(+)-nicotine in guinea pig, hamster and rabbit. Cotinine was not generally a significant urinary metabolite of either nicotine enantiomer, except in rat, where it constituted 14·6 and 10·4%, respectively, of the total radiolabel in the urine after administration of [3H]-S-(-)-nicotine or [3H]-R-(+)-nicotine. Nicotine N'-oxide was an important urinary metabolite of both nicotine isomers in guinea pig and rat, but in both cases, was not observable in hamster and rabbit. No N-methylated urinary metabolite of S-(-)-nicotine could be detected in any of the species examined. In R-(+)-nicotine experiments, only guinea pig afforded N-methylated metabolites. Significant amounts of 2 unidenti...
Vulnerabilities of legacy fuel casks when evaluated using modern structural analysis tools

AbstractCylindrical fuel casks often have impact limiters surrounding the ends of the cask shaft in a typical 'dumbbell' arrangement. The primary purpose of these impact limiters is to absorb energy to reduce loads on the cask structure during impacts associated with a severe accident. Impact limiters are also credited in many packages with protecting closure seals and reducing peak temperatures during fire events. For this credit to be taken in safety analyses, the impact limiter attachment system must be shown to retain the impact limiter following normal conditions of transport (NCT) and hypothetical accident conditions (HAC) impacts. Large casks are often certified by analysis only because of the cost associated with testing. Therefore, some cask impact limiter attachment systems have not been tested in real impacts. A recent structural analysis of the T-3 spent fuel containment cask found problems with the design of the impact limiter attachment system. Assumptions in the original safety analysis for...
Barriers and foresight in international labor-migration.

In the presence of barriers to mobility, migration behavior depends importantly on a worker's planning horizon. Although a myopic worker will accept the job offer promising the greatest immediate utility, a worker with foresight also values the opportunities that a job offers, to gain access to more highly valued alternatives. A model of labor migration based on these ideas, shows the importance of institutional arrangements and lends itself to the discussion of policy measures to influence labor migration.
Gaze Shift as an Interactional Resource for Very Young Children

This article examines how very young children in a day care center make use of their peers' gaze shifts to differentially locate and prepare for the possibility of a caregiver intervention during situations of their biting, hitting, pushing, and the like. At issue is how the visible character of a gaze shift—that is, the manner in which it is produced and its position in a sequence of ongoing activities—constitutes gaze as differentiable social action and, further, provides children with a resource for discerning what is likely to happen next. Children, sensitive to the epistemic status of what the peer may or may not have located in terms of the caregiver as an “already there,” a “newly discovered,” or a “yet to be discovered” feature of the scene cease, continue, or revise their harassments in accord with their discernments.
Cockfight in the cotton: A moral crusade in microcosm

Due to its unique socio-cultural heritage, Louisiana is one of only four states in which cockfighting is legal. During the 1980s various animal-rights advocacy groups have attempted to stigmatize and criminalize the activity. This situation has precipitated local and state-wide conflicts in which urban-cosmopolitan “progressive” New South boosters, allied with traditional and non-conventional animal-rights activists, are pitted against congeries of rural, blue collar “sports-men” who are, in turn, allied with state and national lobbying organizations of their own. Participant-observation, archival research, content analysis and life histories are used in the exploration of a clash of cultures, or more specifically, a clash of world-views. Not surprisingly, the present lobbying activity and proposed legislation contain many of the attributes of the prototypical moral crusade. In addition, the milieux of both cockfighters and reformers are described and contrasted.
Experiments in academic social book marking with Unalog

– The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Unalog software system, a free and open source toolkit for social book marking in academic environments., – The history, objectives, features, and technical design of Unalog is presented, along with a discussion of planned enhancements., – The Unalog system has been very useful for information sharing among members of the digital library community and a group of beta testers at Yale University, leading its developers to plan several new features and to capitalize on opportunities for integration with other campus systems., – This paper describes a freely available toolkit, which can be used to provide new services through libraries to academic communities, and how those new services might be enhanced by merging the potential they offer for easier information sharing with long‐standing practices of librarianship.
The Choice: Lewellys F. Barker and the Full-Time Plan

In 1914, Lewellys F. Barker, William Osler's successor as Professor of Medicine and physician-in-chief at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, resigned to enter private practice rather than accept the terms of a full-time plan, whereby professors in clinical departments would be salaried like other professors in the university. Barker had been an early proponent of the full-time plan. His decision reflected not only a personal desire for a larger income but also contradictions inherent in the Flexnerian ideal of clinical medicine as a research-oriented university discipline devoid of financial incentives to see patients. In private practice, Barker maintained a high profile as a teacher, writer, supporter of the Johns Hopkins medical institutions, and public figure. The issues raised by his difficult decision remain relevant and have not been satisfactorily resolved.
Anti-CD123 chimeric antigen receptor redirected T cells for relapsed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

patients before or immediately after mCTL infusion. In the absence of conventional therapy, 8 of the 11 patients with CMV infection became negative for CMV in the blood within 7d of mCTL infusion, with a coinciding rise in CMV-specific CTL in PB. Each of 8 patients with high EBV loads cleared their virus, as did 7 of 7 patients with adenoviral infections/disease. Overall the response rate in both groups was 88%. This study demonstrates that mCTL derived from the PB of seropositive donors as well as the CB of virus naive donors expand in vivo and are active against multiple viruses. Furthermore, by restoring immunity to multiple viruses simultaneously, the need for continued prophylaxis with pharmacotherapy is eliminated, thus, improving the efficiency and cost effectiveness of protecting SCT and CBT recipients from these potentially lethal viruses.
Switching Currents Limited by Single Phase Slips in One-Dimensional Superconducting Al Nanowires

An aluminum nanowire switches from superconducting to normal as the current is increased in an upsweep. The switching current (${I}_{s}$) averaged over upsweeps approximately follows the depairing critical current (${I}_{c}$) but falls below it. Fluctuations in ${I}_{s}$ exhibit three distinct regions of behaviors and are nonmonotonic in temperature: saturation well below the critical temperature ${T}_{c}$, an increase as ${T}^{2/3}$ at intermediate temperatures, and a rapid decrease close to ${T}_{c}$. Heat dissipation analysis indicates that a single phase slip is able to trigger switching at low and intermediate temperatures, whereby the ${T}^{2/3}$ dependence arises from the thermal activation of a phase slip, while saturation at low temperatures provides striking evidence that the phase slips by macroscopic quantum tunneling.
Unbinding the Atlas: Moving the NYPL Map Collection Beyond Digitization

Historical maps offer a wealth of information to readers along a spectrum of domains. For the past dozen years, institutions with map collections have pushed these rich documents to the Web as scanned images. In recent years though, the transformation of the Web from a series of hyperlinked documents to a network of information contained within those documents has prompted many of the institutions hosting digital map collections to think beyond the point of map digitization. This shift has created new opportunities to better describe and further extend access to such collections. It also provides an opportunity to transform such collections into a vital part of the larger data ecosystem.
Improved Short-term Survival of AIDS Patients Initially Diagnosed With Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia, 1984 Through 1987

I analyzed trends in the survival of 36 847 adults who were diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome between January 1984 and September 1987 under the pre-1987 surveillance definition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. For patients in whomPneumocystis cariniipneumonia was among the first manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, the estimated 1-year survival increased from 42.7% for those diagnosed in 1984 and 1985 (95% confidence interval, 41.5% to 44.3%) to 54.5% for those diagnosed in 1986 and 1987 (95% confidence interval, 53.7% to 55.7%). The gain in survival was observed in homosexual men and intravenous drug users of both sexes, in all age and racial groups, in all geographic regions, and in patients with and without coexisting initial diagnoses. Reduced mortality in the 3-month period immediately following the initial diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome contributed little to the overall gain in survival. No gain in survival was seen for patients in whomP cariniipneumonia was not an initial manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is unlikely that the observed improvements in survival resulted solely from errors in death reporting. Better diagnosis and treatment, particularly the introduction of zidovudine in 1986, may have contributed to the decline in mortality. (JAMA. 1990;263:397-401)
Mineralogy and Petrology of the Santo Tomas-Black Mountain Basalt Field, Potrillo Volcanics, South-Central New Mexico

The Santo Tomas-Black Mountain basalts were erupted during the Quaternary from four centers. Six lava flows are present at Black Mountain, three at Santo Tomas, and one each at Little Black Mountain and San Miguel. The basalts are grouped into three major types of phenocryst mineralogy: (l) plagioclase abundant, (2) olivine abundant, and (3) both olivineand plagioclase abundant. All three types are alkali-olivine basalts, showing high alkali-silica ratios and total alkali content increasing with silica. Seven periods of basaltic extrusion among the centers have been established on the basis offieldevidence, phenocryst mineralogy, and pyroxene-olivineratios. K-Ar dates show the basalts to be less than 0.3 × 10 6 m.y. old. The basalts are thought to have originated from a single small, shallow magma chamber which was under the influence of a high thermal gradient during differentiation.
Using graph coloring in an algebraic compiler

An algebraic compiler allows incremental development of the source program and builds its target image by composing the target images of the program components. In this paper we describe the general structure of an algebraic compiler focusing on compositional code generation. We show that the mathematical model for register management by an algebraic compiler is a graph coloring problem in which an optimally colored graph is obtained by composing optimally colored subgraphs. More precisely, we define the clique-composition of graphs \(G_1\) and \(G_2\) as the graph obtained by joining all the vertices in a clique in \(G_1\) with all the vertices in a clique in \(G_2\) and show that optimal register management by an algebraic compiler is achieved by performing clique-composition operations. Thus, an algebraic compiler provides automatically adequate clique separation of the global register management graph. We present a linear-time algorithm that takes as input optimally colored graphs \(G_1\) and \(G_2\) and constructs an optimal coloring of any clique-composition of \(G_1\) and \(G_2\). Motivated by the operation of clique-composition, we define the class of clique-composable graphs as those graphs that can be iteratively built from single vertices using the clique-composition operation. We show that the class of clique-composable graphs coincides with the well-known class of chordal graphs.
Glucocorticoid receptor modulators informed by crystallography lead to a new rationale for receptor selectivity, function, and implications for structure-based design.

The structural basis of the pharmacology enabling the use of glucocorticoids as reliable treatments for inflammation and autoimmune diseases has been augmented with a new group of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) ligands. Compound 10, the archetype of a new family of dibenzoxepane and dibenzosuberane sulfonamides, is a potent anti-inflammatory agent with selectivity for the GR versus other steroid receptors and a differentiated gene expression profile versus clinical glucocorticoids (lower GR transactivation with comparable transrepression). A stereospecific synthesis of this chiral molecule provides the unique topology needed for biological activity and structural biology. In vivo activity of 10 in acute and chronic models of inflammation is equivalent to prednisolone. The crystal structure of compound 10 within the GR ligand binding domain (LBD) unveils a novel binding conformation distinct from the classic model adopted by cognate ligands. The overall conformation of the GR LBD/10 complex provides a new ba...
Seed of Barbarea verna as a Rich Source of Phenethyl Isothiocyanate to Provide Natural Protection from Environmental and Dietary Toxins

ABSTRACT Cruciferous veg e ta bles have a long his tory as a healthy com po nent of a daily diet and con tain many com pounds that may pre vent can cer. Phenethyl isothiocyanate is a break down prod uct of glucosinolates and has many well-doc u mented anticancer ac tiv i ties. A method for maximizing the re lease of phenethyl isothiocyanate from up land cress (Barbarea verna) seed, the rich est source, is pre sented. Op ti mal re lease is de pend ent on time, tem per a ture and pH. This method, anal o gous to the mas ti ca tion of fresh plant ma te rial, en ables the prep a ra tion of an ef fi cacious di etary sup plement contain ing up to 2% of phenethyl isothio -cyanate.
Cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma

A 50-year-old woman with a history of abdominal myomectomy at 43 years of age presented with urinary frequency and pelvic pressure in April 2013. On physical examination the patient had a 20-week uterus with bilateral adnexal fullness extending into the recto-vaginal space. Her CA 125 level was 30.8. A pelvic MRI revealed a lobulated mass encasing the uterus, extending 2.5 cm above the umbilicus, filling both iliac fossa, and extending into the recto-vaginal space and laterally to the pelvic sidewalls. The differential diagnosis included a myxoid fibrosarcoma, a leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, and ovarian neoplasm. The patient underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Intraoperatively, themass consisted of soft tissue with the appearance of placenta (Fig. 1). The intraoperative frozen sections were benign. The final pathology revealed a cotyledonoid dissecting leiomyoma (CDL) measuring 18 × 15 × 7 cm arising from the myometrial component. On histology, the tumor was composed of bland smooth muscle cells without atypia, necrosis, or mitotic activity, arranged in sweeping fascicles and edematous nodules. CDL was first described by David et al. [1] in 1975 as a “grapelike leiomyoma.” The stroma is rich in vessels, giving the tumor the appearance of placenta. Fingerlike projections of the tumor dissect through the uterine smooth muscle but the tumor cells lack atypia, mitoses, or coagulative tumor necrosis. Preda et al. [2] recommend pelvic MRI as the preferred modality for evaluating a mass suspicious for CDL because they characteristically appear iso-intense to the myometrium with intense postcontrast enhancement [2]. In a review of 41 cases of CDL, Smith et al. [3] reported the mean age at presentation was 45 years, with the youngest patient presenting at 23 years [3]. The majority of patients presented with pelvic pressure, pain, and menorrhagia. Six patients were treated with tumor resection alone, 22 with hysterectomy and removal of one or both ovaries, and 13 with hysterectomy with ovarian preservation. In
Photorefractive and optical properties of cerium-doped (SrCa) 2 NaNb 5 O 15

The photorefractive effect is demonstrated in a single crystal of ferroelectric Ba-modified Ce-doped (SrCa)2NaNb5O15, for the first time to our knowledge. From two-beam coupling the gain and the time response were found. The maximum intensity gain with ordinary light at a 488-nm wavelength was Γ − 10 cm−1, while the photorefractive time response was determined to be 1.85 s at an incident intensity of I = 1W/cm2. The phase shift of the index gratings from the intensity grating was found to vary with angle from ~28° at a 79° crossing angle to 55° at a 13° crossing angle. The dark decay was measured, and the two-beam coupling intensity gain was found to oscillate with time. The oscillation period and the dc component were found to depend on the crossing angle. Beam fanning was observed with a transmitted beam reduction of 1.61 optical density and a time response of τ ~ 5.6 s at I = 230 mW/cm2. Finally, anisotropic conical diffraction was observed in the form of a partial ring pattern about the transmitted (extraordinary-polarized) incident beam in a direction opposite the beam fan. When the dependence of the angle between the ring and the transmitted beam is fitted to the change in the incident angle, it is possible to measure the birefringence, which was ne − no = −0.051.
Chromosome rearrangements in Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS): Report of a der(3)t(3;12)(p25.3;p13.3) in two half sibs with features of CdLS and review of reported CdLS cases with chromosome rearrangements

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS; OMIM 122470) is a dominantly inherited disorder characterized by multisystem involvement, cognitive delay, limb defects, and characteristic facial features. Recently, mutations in NIPBL have been found in approximately 50% of individuals with CdLS. Numerous chromosomal rearrangements have been reported in individuals with CdLS. These rearrangements may be causative of a CdLS phenotype, result in a phenocopy, or be unrelated to the observed phenotype. We describe two half siblings with a der(3)t(3;12)(p25.3;p13.3) chromosomal rearrangement, clinical features resembling CdLS, and phenotypic overlap with the del(3)(p25) phenotype. Region-specific BAC probes were used to fine-map the breakpoint region by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH analysis places the chromosome 3 breakpoint distal to RP11-115G3 on 3p25.3; the chromosome 12 breakpoint is distal to BAC RP11-88D16 on 12p13.3. A review of published cases of terminal 3p deletions and terminal 12p duplications indicates that the findings in these siblings are consistent with the del(3)(p25) phenotype. Given the phenotypic overlap with CdLS, we have reviewed the reported cases of chromosomal rearrangements involved in CdLS to better elucidate other potential loci that could harbor additional CdLS genes. Additionally, to identify chromosome rearrangements, genome-wide array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was performed on eight individuals with typical CdLS and without identifiable deletion or mutation of NIPBL. No pathologic rearrangements were identified.
SPARC: A Signal of Astrocytic Neoplastic Transformation and Reactive Response in Human Primary and Xenograft Gliomas

In an attempt to identify genetic alterations occurring early in astrocytoma progression, we performed subtractive hybridization between astrocytoma and glioblastoma cDNA libraries. We identified secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), a protein implicated in cell-matrix interactions, as a gene overexpressed early in progression. Northern blot and immunohistochemical analyses indicated that transcript and protein were both elevated in all tumor specimens (grades II-IV) examined when compared with levels in normal brain. The level of SPARC expression was found to be tumor-dependent rather than grade-related. Immunohistochemically, SPARC protein was found to be overexpressed in 1) cells in the less cellularly dense regions within the tumor mass, 2) histomorphologically neoplastic-looking cells in adjacent normal brain at the tumor/brain interface, 3) neovessel endothelial cells in both the tumor and adjacent normal brain, and 4) reactive astrocytes in normal brain adjacent to tumor. Using a combination of DNA in situ hybridization and protein immunohistochemical analyses of the human/rat xenograft, SPARC expression was observed in the human glioma cells within the tumor mass, and in cells that invaded along vascular basement membranes and individually into the rat brain parenchyma, suggesting it may be an invasion-related gene. While it remains to be determined whether SPARC functionally contributes to tumor cell invasion, these data suggest that the early onset of increased SPARC expression, though complex, may serve as a signal indicative of neoplastic astrocytic transformation and reactive response to tumor-induced stress.
Surgical Management of Unusual Cardiac Tumors in Infants and Children

While most primary tumors of the heart are histologically benign, they are significant space-occupying lesions with serious functional implications for the heart and lungs. Herein, we highlight our experience with the surgical management of selected cardiac tumors in the pediatric population between 2008 and 2010. (1) Intrapericardial teratomas in the fetus can produce fatal tamponade from compression by the attendant pericardial effusion, and a critical life-saving maneuver preoperatively is to drain the effusion prenatally, followed by an expeditious resection after birth. (2) Rhabdomyomas, the most common of the pediatric cardiac tumors, can be intracavitary, large, and associated with the mitral subvalvular apparatus. (3) Cardiac fibromas should be aggressively resected or at least debulked, especially given their propensity for dysrrhythmias. The key to success is as complete a resection as possible, but not at the expense of other normal structures. (4) Complex nonobstructive hypertrophic myopathy c...
Phase slips and Josephson weak links in superfluid helium

When superfluid 4He flows through a submicron aperture, the velocity is limited by a critical value which marks the onset of quantized vortex creation. The evolution of the vortices causes the quantum phase across the aperture to change by 2π, leading to a detectable drop in flow energy. Recent studies of these phase slip events have provided new insights into the nucleation mechanisms for quantum vortices. By contrast, superfluid 3He passing through a submicron aperture exhibits nonlinear hydrodynamics, characterized by a Josephson-like current phase relation. Recent experiments have revealed a multitude of effects analogous to phenomena observed in superconductors. The experiments also reveal unexpected effects such as bistability, π-states, and novel dissipation mechanisms. PACS numbers: 67.57.-z, 74.50.+r, 67.40.Hf, 67.40. Vs.
An approach for developing simple generic models for ecological risk assessments of fish populations.

It has been argued that current approaches for ecological risk assessment (ERA) do not provide value relevance for risk managers and that the uncertainty in the predictions is large. One important reason for this is that current approaches are based on individual-level endpoints, but the environmental protection goals are defined on the population level. Population models may be useful tools to link the individual to the population and thus increase value relevance and reduce uncertainty. However, this requires that simple models and guidance on how to use them are made available for risk assessors. In the present study, an approach for developing simple generic models for the ERA of fish populations is presented. Fish have high ecological and economic value and are frequently used in ERA. It is, therefore, highly desirable to develop better methods for ERA of fish populations. The models were based on five types of life histories, and they were set up to be useful in a number of different management scenarios based on different environmental protection goals. A decision framework was set up for three levels of models (continuous, time limited, and varying exposure) and three levels of environmental protection. Data from previously published studies were tested for two of the environmental protection levels. The models provided maximum acceptable concentrations (MAC) that fell between the MACs of traditional ERA based on acute or chronic data, respectively. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2372–2383. © 2011 SETAC
Correlates of bacterial pneumonia hospitalizations in Elders, Texas border

Background Immunization preventable bacterial pneumonia is an Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) prevention quality indicator of health care. This study explored associations of individual and county correlates with bacterial pneumonia hospitalization rates for elders residing in 32 Texas counties bordering Mexico. Methods We estimated baseline rates from Texas Health Care Information Collection’s hospital discharge data for 1999–2001, and population counts from the 2000 U.S. Census. Results The rate among the total Texas border population was 500/10,000, three times the national rate. Elders 75+, males, and Latinos had the highest rates. An increase of 1 primary care physician per 1000 population is associated with a decrease in pneumonia-related hospitalization rates by 33%, while each 10% increase in Latinos is associated with a 0.1% rate increase. Discussion This baseline bacterial pneumonia hospitalization study demonstrates a systematic approach to estimate county rates, a process that could lead to improved outcomes through effective community interventions. Methodology demonstrates how publicly available hospital discharge data can be used by communities to better measure and improve quality of health care.
Decomposition combustion synthesis of calcium phosphate powders for bone tissue engineering

The aim of this research was to study a potential processing mechanism for the synthesis of biologically active calcium phosphate (CaP) powders. Decomposition combustion synthesis (DCS) is a modified combustion synthesis technique that can be used to produce multiphasic calcium phosphate powders for use in bone tissue engineering applications. During DCS, the stoichiometric ratio of reactant salt to fuel was adjusted to alter product chemistry and morphology, and the resultant CaP powders were analytically characterized. Novel CaP powders produced via DCS represent a potential low-cost/high-efficiency source for mass-produced biomaterials that can be customized for specific biologic manufacturing requirements.