cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Defense of the syntactic deficit hypothesis: A reply to Goodluck

At the outset we wish to thank the editors of Applied Psycholinguistics for inviting us to reply to Goodluck's criticisms of our paper, “Sentence Comprehension Limitations Related to Syntactic Deficits in Reading Disabled Children” (Vol. 5, No. 4). Our response can be summarized in two points: First, the theoretical questions raised by Goodluck are largely unresolved and premature. Second, and most important, is the point that however the theoretical issues are ultimately resolved, one of the basic conclusions of the Stein, Cairns, and Zurif article remains unassailed – viz., that the interpretation of temporal complement constructions in English reveals a deficit in the grammatical System of some reading disabled children. This note will bear an organization analogous to that of Goodluck.
Monitoring potential photochemical interference in laser‐induced fluorescence Measurements of atmospheric OH

In situ laser-induced fluorescence measurements of atmospheric OH are susceptible to interference from laser generated OH, particularly in the troposphere. To quantify this interference we implement the addition of perfluoropropene, C_3F_6, for the chemical removal of OH from the ambient air. The removal rate of OH by C_3F_6 is determined in the laboratory using the discharge flow technique. Over the temperature range 249 to 296 K the rate constant is (6.0±0.8) × 10^(−13) exp[(370±40)/T] cm^³ molecule^(−1) s^(−1), independent of pressure. In situ measurements using C_3F_6 addition are performed in both aircraft-borne and ground-based experiments. These studies show that laser excitation of the ^²Σ^+(v=1)← ^²Π(v=0) transition (282 nm) at high pulse repetition rates and low peak power can provide reliable and sensitive measurements of tropospheric OH.
Indelible Victims and Persistent Punishers in Moral Cognition

Pinocchio is alone on a lifeless planet. Is it possible for Pinocchio to do something morally wrong? If he shouts falsehoods into empty space, will his nose grow longer? Will the moral lessons he l...
Psychotherapy Supervision in the 21st Century: Some Pressing Needs and Impressing Possibilities

As a professional and educational service, psychotherapy supervision looms large in importance. Yet if psychotherapy supervision is to most viably advance in the century ahead, a number of pressing measurement, research, and training/practice needs cry out to be better addressed. Ten such needs are identified by drawing on recent major research reviews and other substantive supervision publications. The author concludes that better addressing these needs would expand and fortify the empirical base of psychotherapy supervision and also enhance its training and practice base.
qtcm 0.1.2: a Python implementation of the Neelin-Zeng Quasi-Equilibrium Tropical Circulation Model

Abstract. Historically, climate models have been developed incrementally and in compiled languages like Fortran. While the use of legacy compiled languages results in fast, time-tested code, the resulting model is limited in its modularity and cannot take advantage of functionality available with modern computer languages. Here we describe an effort at using the open-source, object-oriented language Python to create more flexible climate models: the package qtcm, a Python implementation of the intermediate-level Neelin-Zeng Quasi-Equilibrium Tropical Circulation model (QTCM1) of the atmosphere. The qtcm package retains the core numerics of QTCM1, written in Fortran to optimize model performance, but uses Python structures and utilities to wrap the QTCM1 Fortran routines and manage model execution. The resulting "mixed language" modeling package allows order and choice of subroutine execution to be altered at run time, and model analysis and visualization to be integrated in interactively with model execution at run time. This flexibility facilitates more complex scientific analysis using less complex code than would be possible using traditional languages alone, and provides tools to transform the traditional "formulate hypothesis → write and test code → run model → analyze results" sequence into a feedback loop that can be executed automatically by the computer.
Music Learning in Context: A Playground Tale

The author argues that context affects both the musical content children learn (choice of repertoire, stylistic conventions) and how they attempt to learn it (problem solving skills and strategies). Through exposure to multiple contexts where music learning occurs, (formal and informal, school, home church, playground) children acquire different understandings about what it means to be a music maker and learner. The paper describes musical learning as it occurs informally on the playground, based on a number of studies of playground music, including the author's research at an after school club for African American girls. Lave's analysis of situated learning as legitimate peripheral participation in an ongoing community of practice provides the conceptual framework for the description of musical learning in playground contexts.
Tailored functionalization of low‐density polyethylene surfaces

Surface-functionalization chemistries were optimized to tailor the surface chemistry of polyethylene, and this made covalent attachment of bioactive molecules possible. This concept has relevance in biomaterials, biosensors, textiles, and active food-packaging applications. Clean polyethylene films were subjected to chromic acid oxidation to introduce carboxylic acids. A range of functional groups, including amine, aldehyde, thiol, and hydroxyl, were then introduced to the surface of the oxidized films with functionalized crosslinking agents and covalent bioconjugation chemistries. The quantity of functional groups was further increased by subsequent grafting of polyfunctional agents such as polyethylenimine and poly(acrylic acid). The number and type of functional groups were quantified by contact-angle, dye-assay, attenuated total reflectance/Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. We optimized chemistries to introduce a variety of functional groups to the surface of low-density polyethylene in numbers ranging from several picomoles per centimeter squared to tens of nanomoles per centimeter squared. A range of bioactive compounds, including antimicrobials, antibodies, oligonucleotides, cell precursors, drugs, peptides, enzymes, and synthetic biomimetic agents, can be covalently bound to these functional groups in the development of nonmigratory biofunctionalized polymers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
A notional scenario for the use of unmanned system groups in littoral warfare

The navy recognizes the value of unmanned systems and has begun to invest significantly in the research and development of unmanned and autonomous agents for navy missions. The technologies are maturing rapidly which would enable rapid, widespread introduction into the fleet. Future unmanned systems would be used both as semi-automated systems with significant operator supervision and as fully autonomous systems capable of performing entire missions without real-time operator assistance. These autonomous agents would be deployed in significant numbers and operate cooperatively to accomplish complex missions in the littoral (coastal) region. This paper would present a notional future scenario that would involve the operation of groups of unmanned systems. This scenario utilizes all types of unmanned systems (underwater, surface, ground, and air) to support an amphibious landing. The overall goal of the scenario is the identification of a clear path from a deep water area to the beach. The detection and localization of mines and/or obstacles in the littoral region is the goal of the unmanned system groups. The impact of multiple unmanned systems on this scenario are explored.
Bee Associates of Flowering Astragalus and Onobrychis Genebank Accessions at a Snake River Site in Eastern Washington

Abstract A 3 yr survey of the bee associates of flowering accessions of Astragalus and Onobrychis species was conducted in open-pollinated field nurseries at Central Ferry, Washington to gain insight into the potential for bee-mediated inter-accession out-crossing in these nurseries. Such nurseries are used by genebank managers at the USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Introduction Station (WRPIS), Pullman, Washington, to multiply seed of accessions low in viability and/or supply. Fifty-two species of bees (Hymenoptera) in the Andrenidae (4 species), Apidae (18), Colletidae (1), Halictidae (5), and Megachilidae (24) were recorded. Species-rich genera were Bombus (8 species) and Osmia (16). One undescribed species of Osmia was collected. The bee fauna was more diverse on Astragalus (45 bee species) compared to Onobrychis (29 species). Among the 24 Astragalus and 13 Onobrychis species censused, bee diversity was highest on A. bungeanus Boiss. (24 bee species), A. chaborasicus Boiss. & Hausskn. (24 species), A....
Nutrition and Head and Neck Cancer

This chapter supplies insight into nutrition in the consideration of its role in multiple aspects of Head and Neck Cancer. While generally promoted in the context of cancer prevention, there are nutritional and dietary aspects to cancer causation, diagnosis, therapy and survivorship. There is clearly a bidirectional relationship where the nutritional status of a patient contributes to their cancer risk and response as well as the occurrence of a Head and Neck Cancer contributes to the likelihood of poor nutritional status of a patient. Hence, nutritional interventions are warranted across the “life cycle” of Head and Neck Cancer. The reader will gain knowledge on the existing nutritional guidelines and the state of the science supporting the associations of nutrition and cancer highlighting important considerations specific to Head and Neck Cancer.
Women and Subsistence Food Technology: The Arctic Seal Poke Storage System

This study focuses on the pan-arctic seal poke storage system—an innovative and effective food storage and preservation system that was likely used for thousands of years but today is rarely seen. Women expertly processed the skin of a whole seal into a leak proof pliable container. The result was a technology that provided the safe storage and transport of rendered seal oil—a highly prized food and fuel source—and the preservation and taste and texture enhancement of other foods submerged in the oil. Sea mammal oil was (and remains largely so) unequivocally one of the most critical subsistence resources in the arctic. Here we draw from the ethnographic record and our own field observations in Alaska to discuss the seal poke storage system and implications of women's fundamental role in complex food storage technologies.
The Workload Curve Subjective Mental Workload

OBJECTIVE: In this paper I begin looking for evidence of a subjective workload curve. BACKGROUND: Results from subjective mental workload assessments are often interpreted linearly. However, I hypothesized that ratings of subjective mental workload increase nonlinearly with unitary increases in working memory load. METHOD: Two studies were conducted. In the first, the participant provided ratings of the mental difficulty of a series of digit span recall tasks. In the second study, participants provided ratings of mental difficulty associated with recall of visual patterns. The results of the second study were then examined using a mathematical model of working memory. RESULTS: An S curve, predicted a priori, was found in the results of both the digit span and visual pattern studies. A mathematical model showed a tight fit between workload ratings and levels of working memory activation. CONCLUSION: This effort provides good initial evidence for the existence of a workload curve. The results support further study in applied settings and other facets of workload (e.g., temporal workload). APPLICATION: Measures of subjective workload are used across a wide variety of domains and applications. These results bear on their interpretation, particularly as they relate to workload thresholds. Language: en
Two new combinations in Euploca Nutt. (Heliotropiaceae, Boraginales) and a conspectus of the species of the Guiana Shield area

Heliotropium foliatum and Tournefortia humilis are transferred to Euploca Nutt. respectively as Euploca foliata comb. n. and Euploca humilis comb. n. A collection from Guyana has been recently identified as Euploca humistrata, a species previously considered a Brazilian endemic. A collection from French Guiana documents for the first time the species in that country. A key to the species of the Guiana Shield area is given. The species of Euploca from the Guiana Shield are listed with synonymy and a brief description: Euploca filiformis, Euploca humilis, Euploca humistrata, Euploca lagoensis, Euploca polyphylla, Euploca procumbens.
Load distribution and postural changes in young adults when wearing a traditional backpack versus the BackTpack

Backpacks lead to poor posture due to the posterior placement of the load, which overtime may contribute to low back pain and musculoskeletal complications. This study examined postural and load distribution differences between a traditional backpack (BP) and a nontraditional backpack (BTP) in a young adult population. Using a 3D motion analysis system, 24 healthy young adults (22.5 ± 2.5 years, 12 male) completed both static stance and walking trials on a treadmill with No Load and with 15% and 25% of their body weight using the two different backpacks. There was a significant difference in trunk angle, head angle, and lower extremity joint mechanics between the backpack and load conditions during walking (p<.05). Notably, relative to the No Load condition, trunk angle decreased approximately 14° while head angle increased approximately 13° for the BP 25% state on average. In contrast, average trunk and head angle differences for the BTP 25% state were approximately 7.5° and 7°, respectively. There was also a significant difference in head angle from pre- to post-walk (p<.05) across backpacks, loads, and time. Taken together, the results indicate that the BTP more closely resembled the participants' natural stance and gait patterns as determined by the No Load condition. The more upright posture supported by the BTP may help reduce characteristics of poor posture and, ideally, help to reduce low back pain while carrying loads.
Spatiotemporal distribution of essential elements through Populus leaf ontogeny

We examined the spatiotemporal distribution and accumulation of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and zinc (Zn) during the growth and maturation of grey poplar (Populus tremula × alba) leaves covering plastochrons 01 through 10. This period spans the sugar sink-to-source transition and requires coordinated changes of multiple core metabolic processes that likely involve alterations in essential and non-essential element distributions as tissues mature and effect a reversal in phloem flow direction. Whole-leaf elemental maps were obtained from dried specimens using micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Additional cross-sections of fresh leaves were scanned to check for tissue specificity in element accumulation. The anatomical distribution of Zn and K remains relatively consistent throughout leaf development; Ca accumulation varied across leaf developmental stages. The basipetal allocation of Ca to the leaf mesophyll matched spatially and temporally the sequence of phloem maturation, positive carbon balance, and sugar export from leaves. The accumulation of Ca likely reflects the maturation of xylem in minor veins and the enhancement of the transpiration stream. Our results independently confirm that xylem and phloem maturation are spatially and temporally coordinated with the onset of sugar export in leaves.
Depictions of sustainability in children’s books

Images in children’s books can leave a more lasting impression in young learners’ minds than text. Therefore, it is important for children’s books to use images as a teaching tool, especially regarding global issues such as environmental sustainability. This study examined how the images in nonfiction children’s books approach the topic of sustainability and whether these images support the overall goals of environmental education. We selected seven easy-to-access trade books which yielded 384 images for analysis. Two coders analyzed the images according to the following categories: (a) gender and age, (b) actions of people, (c) depictions of nature, (d) depictions of objects, (e) structures, and (f) habitation. Results show that nearly half of the images (48 %) depicted non-natural objects (16 %) or humans (31 %). One half of the images portrayed humans as consumers. Gender bias was evident, with 33 % of females portrayed as consumers and only 16 % of males portrayed as consumers. Similarly, 12 % of the images with males showed them engaged in recycling behavior, while only 4 % of the images showed females recycling. Of the 32 % of images depicting nature, individual plants rather than ecosystems were portrayed. Depictions of man-made systems predominated the images, a surprising finding. No images established the connection between consumerism and the depletion of natural resources or pollution, and further sustainable actions or lifestyles were not portrayed, implying that consumption is a societal norm. We conclude with recommendations for the use of images in children’s literature focusing on environmental education and sustainability.
The Status of Rattus: Rats as Subjects in Articles Published in Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology from 1969 through 1981

From 1969 to 1977 there was a generally downward trend in the proportion of studies in which rats were subjects, but this did not continue for the Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology.
GLYX-13 Produces Rapid Antidepressant Responses with Key Synaptic and Behavioral Effects Distinct from Ketamine

GLYX-13 is a putative NMDA receptor modulator with glycine-site partial agonist properties that produces rapid antidepressant effects, but without the psychotomimetic side effects of ketamine. Studies were conducted to examine the molecular, cellular, and behavioral actions of GLYX-13 to further characterize the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant actions of this agent. The results demonstrate that a single dose of GLYX-13 rapidly activates the mTORC1 pathway in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and that infusion of the selective mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin into the medial PFC (mPFC) blocks the antidepressant behavioral actions of GLYX-13, indicating a requirement for mTORC1 similar to ketamine. The results also demonstrate that GLYX-13 rapidly increases the number and function of spine synapses in the apical dendritic tuft of layer V pyramidal neurons in the mPFC. Notably, GLYX-13 significantly increased the synaptic responses to hypocretin, a measure of thalamocortical synapses, compared with its effects on 5-HT responses, a measure of cortical-cortical responses mediated by the 5-HT2A receptor. Behavioral studies further demonstrate that GLYX-13 does not influence 5-HT2 receptor induced head twitch response or impulsivity in a serial reaction time task (SRTT), whereas ketamine increased responses in both tests. In contrast, both GLYX-13 and ketamine increased attention in the SRTT task, which is linked to hypocretin–thalamocortical responses. The differences in the 5-HT2 receptor synaptic and behavioral responses may be related to the lack of psychotomimetic side effects of GLYX-13 compared with ketamine, whereas regulation of the hypocretin responses may contribute to the therapeutic benefits of both rapid acting antidepressants.
Metformin and the Gut Microbiome in Diabetes

Diabetes is a worldwide epidemic. According to the most recent WHO fact sheet, the prevalence of diabetes among adults has risen from 4.7% to 8.5% in the last 34 years. Diabetes is a multifactorial disease that results from interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Metformin has been used extensively as a first-line therapy for Type 2 diabetes (T2DM)3 and is the most prescribed antidiabetic drug in the US. Metformin is a biguanide derivate and has pleiotropic effects (1). Metformin has been shown to inhibit hepatic glucose production, upregulate peripheral glucose uptake in both the liver and skeletal muscle, and improve insulin sensitivity (1). In addition, T2DM patients on metformin exhibit an improvement in their lipid profiles, and prolonged benefits include a reduction in the micro- and macrovascular complications that are increased in patients with diabetes. Many of these pleiotropic effects of metformin have been ascribed to its activation of the enzyme adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK) in 2 sites, the skeletal muscle and the liver. One should note, however, that in animal AMPK knockout models, the effects of metformin are still not attenuated (1). This observation has rekindled interest on the effects of metformin on gut pharmacology. About 15%–25% of patients on metformin have metformin-associated gastrointestinal side effects, and some of these patients cannot tolerate metformin at all due to lactic acidosis (2). Metformin is orally consumed as the hydrochloride salt and absorption of metformin is mainly in the small intestine (2). Metformin also increases glucose uptake and utilization in the intestine, and causes increased lactic acid production in enterocytes (2). In addition, in …
Journey Toward Evidence-Based Status: Seeking Admission to Formal Program Registries.

In the past two decades, evidence-based status has been a coveted credential for many nonprofit organizations hoping to legitimize their programs or interventions. Several formal registries exist to provide a collection of health and prevention programs evaluated by experts and deemed “evidence-based.” While registries offer positive benefits like allowing for a centralized listing of approved programs, there have been concerns about issues pertaining to the process of obtaining the evidence-based credential. Namely, some of the criticisms include the use of inappropriate study designs, the lack of consistent evaluation of evidence provided in support of programs, as well as program creators being involved in the evaluation that ultimately shows positive program effects. Using focus groups of prevention specialists, this study explores the quest for evidence-based status. The results show themes of vindication, acting as a resource, and perceptions of relevant others informing the deeper meaning of motiva...
Youth Movements, Black Lives Matter, and College Campuses

When I organized hip hop-related events in conjunction with my Language and Culture of Hip Hop class, I was struck by the reactions of African-American students who attended. As I noted in Chapter 5, one student told me, “This is the best cultural event I’ve gone to all year.” Over one hundred students attended the Brooklyn Hip Hop Workshop performance, which was very high attendance for a cultural event.
The influence of clinical equipoise and patient preferences on outcomes of conservative manual interventions for spinal pain: an experimental study.

BACKGROUND Expected pain relief from treatment is associated with positive clinical outcomes in patients with musculoskeletal pain. Less studied is the influence on outcomes related to the preference of patients and providers for a specific treatment. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine how provider and patient preferences for a manual therapy intervention influenced outcomes in individuals with acutely induced low back pain (LBP). PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Pain-free participants were randomly assigned to one of two manual therapies (joint biased [JB] or constant touch [CT]) 48 hours after completing an exercise protocol to induce LBP. Expectations for pain relief and preferences for treatment were collected at baseline, prior to randomization. Pain relief was assessed using a 100 mm visual analog scale. All study procedures were conducted in a private testing laboratory at the University of Florida campus. RESULTS Sixty participants were included in this study. After controlling for preintervention pain intensity, the multivariate model included only preintervention pain (B=0.12, p=0.07) and provider preference (B=3.05, p<0.0001) and explained 35.8% of the variance in postintervention pain. When determining whether a participant met his or her expected pain relief, receiving an intervention from a provider with a strong preference for that intervention increased the odds of meeting a participant's expected pain relief 68.3 times (p=0.013) compared to receiving any intervention from a provider with no preference. Receiving JB intervention from any provider increased the odds of meeting expected relief 29.7 times (p=0.023). The effect of a participant receiving an intervention they preferred was retained in the model but did not meet the criteria for a significant contribution. CONCLUSION Our primary findings were that participant and provider preferences for treatment positively influence pain outcomes in individuals with acutely induced LBP, and joint-biased interventions resulted in a greater chance of meeting participants' expected outcomes. This is contrary to our hypothesis that the interaction of receiving an intervention for which a participant had a preference would result in the best outcome.
Education and Contributory Pensions at Work: Disadvantages of the Less Educated

There is long-standing concern about the mechanisms that lead to differential accumulation of retirement resources. As defined contribution (DC) plans have become the most common employer pension for US workers over recent decades, economic resources later in life increasingly depend on participating in voluntary, contributory pension instruments during working life. Using the Survey of Income and Program Participation linked to W-2 tax records containing respondents' annual contributions to DC retirement plans, we examine how participation in and contributions to DC plans among eligible US workers differ by education. Our analysis clarifies two central pathways associated with educational disparities in DC retirement plans. First, we disentangle the effects of education that operate via a labor market pathway, showing that a worker's earnings level is, by far, the most influential labor market factor associated with participation and contribution amounts. Second, we show an important independent effect of education on not only the decision to participate, but also how much money to set aside when participating, net of earnings and structural position in labor markets. Supplementary analyses using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances corroborate the importance of non-labor-market mechanisms for understanding the education gap in workplace retirement savings plans. Together, our results bring to center stage the importance of education in the process of stratification in retirement wealth formation and long-term financial security. Less educated workers face multiple disadvantages in the accumulation of retirement resources in the context of growing income inequality and changing employment institutions.
The fundamental surface science of wurtzite gallium nitride

Abstract A review is presented that covers the experimental and theoretical literature relating to the preparation, electronic structure and chemical and physical properties of the surfaces of the wurtzite form of GaN. The discussion includes the adsorption of various chemical elements and of inorganic, organometallic and organic species. The focus is on work that contributes to a microscopic, atomistic understanding of GaN surfaces and interfaces, and the review concludes with an assessment of possible future directions.
Preventing Underfeeding and Overfeeding: A Clinician's Guide to the Acquisition and Implementation of Indirect Calorimetry.

Background: In critically ill patients, indirect calorimetry (IC) is the gold standard to determine energy needs, as the use of predictive equations can result in underfeeding or overfeeding. The aim of this quality improvement (QI) initiative was to describe the rationale for and implementation of a process to target energy provision according to IC measurements in a tertiary academic medical center pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Materials and Methods: To justify the purchase of an indirect calorimeter for clinical use, a needs assessment was conducted, followed by a training and implementation period. PICU patients were selected for IC according to published guidelines. Measured energy expenditure was compared with predicted energy expenditure and the provided energy prescription. The dietitians assessed IC results and adjusted energy prescriptions, if indicated. Results: Thirty-five total tests were completed with 24 patients. Sixty-nine percent of measurements resulted in energy delivery adjust...
Neural precursor cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells exhibit reduced susceptibility to infection with a neurotropic coronavirus

The present study examines the susceptibility of mouse induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural precursor cells (iPSC-NPCs) to infection with the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV). Similar to NPCs derived from striatum of day 1 postnatal GFP-transgenic mice (GFP-NPCs), iPSC-derived NPCs (iPSC-NPCs) are able to differentiate into terminal neural cell types and express MHC class I and II in response to IFN-γ treatment. However, in contrast to postnatally-derived NPCs, iPSC-NPCs express low levels of carcinoembryonic antigen-cell adhesion molecule 1a (CEACAM1a), the surface receptor for JHMV, and are less susceptible to infection and virus-induced cytopathic effects. The relevance of this in terms of therapeutic application of NPCs resistant to viral infection is discussed.
Abstract P070: Long-term Cumulative Blood Pressure Improves CVD Risk Prediction Algorithms

Background: Published risk prediction algorithms only include current BP; however, long-term BP patterns are associated with atherosclerotic (AS)CVD incidence. We tested whether the long-term (5- a...
Fire Research in the New Jersey Pine Barrens

A multi-disciplinary research program to enhance fire research in New Jersey and the Eastern coastal plain has been re-established at the USDA Forest Service—Silas Little in New Lisbon, New Jersey. The goals are to provide fire managers better tools for predicting fire danger, quantifying hazardous fuels and their accumulation rates, and mitigating air quality issues at multiple scales. Research products and applications are described, including a network of towers reporting real-time fire weather data and indices, mesoscale fire weather modeling, vegetation mapping by LIDAR and remote sensing, and validation activities using field plots for estimates of forest productivity, fuel dynamics, and ecosystem modeling. The tower infrastructure is also used to monitor smoke emissions and carbon flux from prescribed fires and wildfires. These data will help determine best management practices for reducing hazardous fuels, maintain cleaner air, and increase carbon sequestration following fires. Close interaction with state and federal fire managers facilitates the integration of new results with current decision support tools.
ADPGlucose pyrophosphorylase: evidence for a lysine residue at the activator site of the Escherichia coli B enzyme.

Abstract Pyridoxal-P can be covalently linked to E. coli B ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase by reduction with sodium borohydride. The modified enzyme is almost fully active when less than 1 mole of pyridoxal-P is incorporated per mole of enzyme subunit and is no longer dependent on the presence of allosteric activators in reaction mixtures for high activity. The allosteric activators, fructose-P2 or hexanediol 1,6 bisphosphate, decrease the incorporation of pyridoxal-P into enzyme suggesting that the pyridoxal-P is linked at or near the allosteric activator binding site. Acid hydrolysis of the modified enzyme yields pyridoxyllysine suggesting that the epsilon amino group of lysine is functional in the binding of the allosteric activators of the enzyme.
Reporting Outbreaks of Animal Diseases

The internet and cheap computers are changing the world. What was a rare communication capacity two decades ago is now compulsory. This rapid, inexpensive transmission of words and data is changing the world faster than anything mankind has ever experienced, reaching into nearly every aspect of our lives, public and private, commercial and governmental. We are in an Information Age with an essentially instantaneous availability of large volumes of information and data. The many effects of this on the global economy are still emerging. How this will impact animal and human health, public health, veterinary public health, is obscure. However it provides us with an extraordinary expanding buffet of new opportunities, which we will try to indicate in this report and the related problems that will have to be met.
Psychiatric Comorbidities and Appropriate Psychopharmacology

This case captures several key principles of prescribing medications to patients with BPD. In general, the clinician should take an approach of “first do no harm.” Patients with BPD are susceptible to reactive polypharmacy that leads to serious side effects with only limited therapeutic gains. In the longest running longitudinal study of BPD, 18.6% of patients reported taking four or more psychotropics, and 6.9% of patients were on five or more medications. In addition, clinical improvement has been demonstrated to be inversely related to the number of psychotropics that patients with BPD are prescribed.
Caribbean Reconstruction and Climate Justice: Transnational Insurgent Intellectual Networks and Post-Hurricane Transformation

The devastating impacts of Hurricanes Irma and Maria across the northeastern Caribbean not only bring closer a world of immediate climate disaster and halting recovery, but also cast a long shadow ...
The Impact of the Juntos Program: A Qualitative Evaluation.

The Juntos Program empowers Latina/o students and their families to gain the knowledge and resources necessary for academic success in high school and college. This is made possible via four interl...
CEO Pay Slice and Earnings Manipulation in Overvalued Companies

Both the magnitude and signs of discretionary accrual (DACC) should be considered when examining its impact on firm-specific risk. In this study, we show that only overvalued firms that have positive DACC exhibit low firm-specific information and high price crash risk. We also investigate whether corporate governance affects the earnings management decisions of overvalued firms. Among all the variables we examine, CEO pay slice (CPS) has the strongest power in predicting overvalued firms’ earnings management choice, followed by monitoring intensity and information asymmetry measures. We also find that the passage of SOX plays a positive role in controlling the “value-destroying forces” set in motion by equity overvaluation and firms are more likely to use DACC for informational purpose after the passage of SOX.
High Fetal Fraction on First Trimester Cell-Free DNA Aneuploidy Screening and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes.

Objective To test the hypothesis that high fetal fraction (FF) on first trimester cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid (cfDNA) aneuploidy screening is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Study Design This is a single-institution retrospective cohort study of women who underwent cfDNA screening at Results A total of 2,033 women met inclusion criteria. The mean FF was 10.0%, and FF >16.5% was considered high (n = 102). Women with high FF had a greater chance of delivering a small for gestational age infant Conclusion Women with a high FF in the first trimester are at increased risk of delivering a small for gestational age infant
Epiglottopexy with or without aryepiglottic fold division: Comparing outcomes in the treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea.

Abstract Objective To determine the success of epiglottopexy with or without aryepiglottic fold division for treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with epiglottic obstruction. Study design Retrospective chart review. Setting Tertiary care academic hospital. Methods Children with sleep study proven OSA who underwent epiglottopexy with or without aryepiglottic fold division from January 2013 to June 2017 were included. The epiglottis contributed to airway obstruction in all patients. Pre- and post-operative apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) were compared. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI) z-score and post-operative complications were also evaluated. Success was defined by post-operative AHI Results Twenty-eight children (age 2–17 years) underwent either epiglottopexy with division of aryepiglottic folds (N = 18) or epiglottopexy alone (N = 10). There was no difference in preoperative age, AHI, or BMI between the groups. Post-operative AHI was lower in the group undergoing epiglottopexy alone (AHI 1.50) versus with aryepiglottic fold division (AHI 3.17) (P 0.05). Conclusions Children undergoing epiglottopexy with division of aryepiglottic folds for laryngeal collapse were as likely to have improved OSA symptoms as children undergoing epiglottopexy alone.
Ethnic Studies as Decolonial Transdisciplinarity

The decolonization of knowledge entails various forms of transdisciplinarity, but not all forms of transdisciplinarity are decolonial. This article offers an analysis of decolonial transdisciplinarity in relation to the European sciences, its disciplines, and its methods. It identifies a “secular line,” which combines with a “color line” to define the context and horizon of the European sciences. I propose that Ethnic Studies establishes a different attitude from that underlying the European sciences and represents an example of decolonial transdisciplinary thinking.
Increasing Drug Resistance Among Persons With Tuberculosis in Massachusetts, 2009-2018.

We examined Massachusetts tuberculosis surveillance data from to 2009 to 2018. Of 1533 culture-confirmed cases, 190 (12.4%) demonstrated resistance to isoniazid including 32 (2.1%) with rifampin resistance. In multivariable analysis, isoniazid resistance increased significantly over time (per-year odds ratio = 1.07, 95% confidence interval = 1.01-1.13, P = .018) and was associated with younger age, foreign birth, and prior tuberculosis treatment.
Alcohol-Specific Communication and Emerging Adult Offspring's Perceived Parental Approval and Drinking in the Context of Parent Alcohol Expectancies.

Background There are mixed findings in the literature regarding the association between parental alcohol communication and offspring alcohol use. To clarify this association, this study tested a prospective mediated moderation model in which the association between parental communication about the risks of alcohol use and emerging adult offspring drinking was mediated by offspring perceived parental approval of drinking. Parental alcohol expectancies and use were tested as moderators of the link between communication and perceived approval. Method The community sample of 378 emerging adult and caregiver dyads completed 3 annual assessments (first assessment mean age = 19.13). The sample was 54% female and majority White/non-Hispanic (76%). Caregivers reported on their own alcohol expectancies and use, and emerging adult offspring reported on parental communication of alcohol risks, perceived parental approval of drinking, and their own alcohol use. Multilevel modeling was used to test hypotheses. Results Mediated moderation was largely supported. More frequent communication about the risks of drinking was prospectively associated with low levels of perceived parental approval of alcohol use, which in turn was associated with low levels of offspring drinking. This pathway depended on parental alcohol expectancies. Conclusions Findings suggest that including mediators (e.g., perceived approval of drinking) helps to clarify the mixed literature on parental communication about alcohol and that parental attitudes about alcohol can impact the effectiveness with which parents convey the risk of alcohol to offspring.
Anal Cancer Screening for HIV-Negative Men Who Have Sex with Men: Making Clinical Decisions with Limited Data

Anal cancer is a rare disease that disproportionately affects people living with HIV and men who have sex with men (MSM). Although screening of MSM living with HIV occurs in the absence of consiste...
The Impact of CTAS Information on Airline Operational Control

The continued growth of air traffic, together with increased air carrier economic pressures, have created a need for greater flexibility and collaboration in air traffic management. The ability of ...
An Active Optical Flow Model for Dose Prediction in Spinal SBRT Plans

Accurate dose predication is critical to spinal stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). It enables radiation oncologists and planners to design treatment plans that maximally protect spinal cord while effectively controlling surrounding tumors. Spinal cord dose distribution is primarily affected by the shapes of tumor boundaries near the organ. In this work, we estimate such boundary effects and predict dose distribution by exploring an active optical flow model (AOFM). To establish AOFM, we collect a sequence of dose sub-images and tumor contours near spinal cords from a database of clinically accepted spine SBRT plans. The data are classified into five groups according to the tumor location in relation to the spinal cords. In each group, we randomly choose a dose sub-image as the reference and register all other dose images to the reference using an optical flow method. AOFM is then constructed by importing optical flow vectors and dose values into the principal component analysis. To develop the predictive model for a group, we also build active shape model (ASM) of tumor contours near the spinal cords. The correlation between ASM and AOFM is estimated via the multiple regression model. When predicting dose distribution of a new case, the group was first determined based on the case’s tumor contour. Then the corresponding model for the group is used to map from the ASM space to the AOFM space. Finally, the parameters in the AOFM space are used to estimate dose distribution. This method was validated on 30 SBRT plans. Analysis of dose-volume histograms revealed that at the important 2 % volume mark, the dose difference between prediction and clinical plan is less than \(4\,\%\). These results suggest that the AOFM-based approach is a promising tool for predicting accurate spinal cord dose in clinical practice.
Ski Resorts and and the National Forests: Rethinking Forest Service Management Practices for Recreational Use

Skiing, as recognized by Congress, is a popular, healthful, and life-enriching use of National Forest Land. In 1986, Congress passed legislation to make it easier for ski resort developers to obtain permits, but a textual bias in the Forest Service's implementing regulations and attacks by environmentalists both in the courts and literally at the sites has largely defeated that intent. Also, the Forest Service recently proposed new restrictions on Colorado's White River National Forest that, among others, would limit ski resorts to the size of their current permits. This Comment will explore the Forest Service's proposal in the context of the ongoing debate over National Forest resource management. It will compare the current system with EPA's Project XL, which rewards superior performance and innovation in environmental protection. This Comment suggests that an approach to National Forest resource management that incorporates the rationales of Project XL would ameliorate the protection of our National Forests and the relationship between the Forest Service, developers, recreational users, and environmentalists.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Platinum/Diamond Composite Electrodes for Electrocatalysis Preliminary Studies of the Oxygen-Reduction Reaction

A catalytic electrode was prepared using a new electrically conducting and corrosion resistant carbon support material, boron-doped diamond. Fabrication of the composite electrode involves a three-step process: (i) continuous diamond thin-film deposition on a substrate, (ii) electrodeposition of Pt catalyst particles on the diamond surface, and (iii) short-term diamond deposition to entrap the metal particles into the surface microstructure. The process results in a conductive, morphologically, and Microstructurally stable composite electrode containing metal particles of somewhat controlled composition, size, and catalytic activity. The metal catalyst particles were galvanostatically deposited from a K 2 PtCl 6 /HClO 4 solution, with the metal particle size (50-350 nm) and distribution (∼10 9 cm 2 ) being controlled by adjusting the galvanostatic deposition and secondary diamond-growth conditions. For a 300 s Pt deposition time, the estimated loading was 75.8 μg/cm 2 , assuming a 100% current efficiency. The composite electrode was extremely stable, both structurally and catalytically, during a 2 h polarization in 85% H 3 PO 4 at 170°C and 0.1 A/cm 2 . The electrode's catalytic activity was evaluated using the O 2 reduction reaction at room temperature in 0.I M solutions of H 3 PO 4 . H 2 SO 4 , and HClO 4 . The kinetic parameters (Tafel slope and exchange current density) were obtained by cyclic voltammetry and were found to be comparable to those for a polycrystalline Pt electrode in the same media. Tafel slopes of -63 to -80 mV/dec were observed at low overpotentials, with the lowest slope in HClO 4 and highest in H 3 PO 4 . The exchange current density ranged from 10 12 to 10 10 A/cm 2 , and increased in the order of H 3 PO 4 < H 2 SO 4 < HClO 4 . The potential advantages of the composite electrode, as compared with commercial sp 2 carbon electrodes, are (i) the corrosion resistance of the diamond support, resulting in highly stable relation centers at high potentials, current densities, and temperatures, and (ii) the fact that all of the catalyst particles are strongly anchored at the film surface and are not contained inside pores.
Small-Order Shape Factors in In 114 , P 32 , and Y 90

The beta spectra of In/sup 114/, P/sup 32/, and Y/sup 90/ were stud ied closely in an intermediate-image beta-ray spectrometer and compared to theoretical predictions in terms of a linear shape factor of the form (1 + aW). The values obtained for a were s for P/sup 32/, and (-0.0047 plus or minus 0.0008)/mc/sup 2/ for Y/sup 90/, all for electron kinetic energies from about 200 kev up to near the maximum beta energies. Tests were made to give indications for spectrometer fidelity. Because of the linearity of the shape-factor plots and the similarity in energy range, the comparative results from In/sup 114/, P/ sup 32/, and Y/sup 90/ are tak en as a definite indication that for at least two of these activities the shape factors have nonzero slopes, irrespective of questions of instrumental fidelity. (auth)