cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Philosophy of Simone de Beauvoir: Introduction: Simone de Beauvoir's Conversions

We are adopting the perspective of existentialist ethics. [ La perspective que nous adoptons, c'est celle de la morale existentialiste. ] Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex We can clearly see Simone de Beauvoir's technique, her metis , her craftiness with and towards the doctrinal philosophy she has accepted. It is a technique of reintroduction which undermines the structure. [ D'un point de vue methodologique, on apercoit bien ici la technique de Simone de Beauvoir, sa metis a l'egard de la philosophie doctrinale qu'elle a accepte de recevoir: c'est une technique de reintroduction qui bouleverse la structure. ] Michele Le Doeuff, Hipparchia's Choice/L'etude et le rouet Unexpectedly, after negligible interest in feminist thought and activism, Simone de Beauvoir wrote in the 1940s a far-reaching work on the condition of women. Two decades later it would prove vital in the upsurge of feminist movements. Though widely considered their watershed text, The Second Sex was likely conceived as a post -feminist work. In 1949 feminism seemed to Beauvoir to have accomplished its main aim of women's enfranchisement – granted in France five years previously – in addition to access to education and employment. If women were still “the other,” Beauvoir concluded that something more was needed: a new kind of analysis.
Windows NT Security

Windows NT, by virtue of its age, is vulnerable to all sorts of attacks, from both outside and in. The most effective way to harden your NT system is to attack the problem of insecurity from several different perspectives, especially passwords, account policies, virus protection, and system policies. This chapter will give you the tools you need to achieve a reasonably hardened NT system in exchange for a bit of effort.
Living with the Earth: Concepts in Environmental Health Science

Ecosystems and Energy Flow Introduction Climate Ecosystems and Biomes Energy Flow Nutrients The Process of Succession and Retrogression References Human Populations Introduction The Characteristics of Populations Population Dynamics Population Trends in the World Current Population Trends in Developed Countries Current Population Trends in LDCs Predicted Future Trends in Populations Urbanization The Control of Population Methods of Fertility Control References Environmental Degradation and Food Security Introduction: The Debate Impacts on the Environment Food Security References Environmental Disease Introduction Defining Disease The Role of Genetics in Disease Cancer References Toxicity and Toxins Introduction Exposure and Entry Routes Some Specific Examples of Toxic Agents References The Trouble with PestsIntroduction What are Pests? Insects and Other Arthropods Rodents and Pests Pesticides Types of Pesticides References Emerging Diseases Introduction Reasons for the Emergence of Infectious Diseases Specific Emerging Diseases Practical Approaches to Limiting the Emergence of Infectious Diseases References Foodborne Illness Introduction Causative Agents of Foodborne Disease Foodborne Pathogens References Water and WastewaterIntroduction Water Use Sources of Drinking Water Water Pollution Water Treatment Regulations Wastewater Disposal and Treatment Water Pollution and Health Future Outlook References Air, Noise, and Radiation Introduction The Atmosphere and Methods of Dispersion The History of Air Pollution Control in the U.S. The Criteria Pollutants Health Implications of Air Pollutants Indoor Air Pollution Noise Radiation Ultraviolet Radiation References Solid and Hazardous Waste Introduction Definition and Characterization of MSW Collection and Disposal of Solid Waste Hazardous Wastes References Assessing Human Risk Introduction Environmental Risk The Process of Risk Analysis Risk Management and Communication References Environmental Laws and Compliance Introduction Environmental Laws: Some Fundamentals Federal Environmental Laws Compliance Strategies References Emergency Preparedness Introduction The Role of the Environmental Health (EH) Professional in Emergency/Disaster Response References Glossary Index
Analysis of in vivo regulatory properties of T cells activated in vitro by TGFbeta2-treated antigen presenting cells.

PURPOSE. To determine whether naive T cells activated in vitro by antigen-pulsed, transforming growth factorb (TGFb)‐treated antigen presenting cells (APCs) acquire the capacity to suppress the induction and expression of delayed hypersensitivity in vivo. METHODS. Naive ovalbumin (OVA)-specific T cells from DO11.10 Tcr transgenic mice were stimulated in vitro with OVA-pulsed TGFb2-treated APCs. The cultured cells were harvested and assayed for in vitro production of mature TGFb. Similar cells were coinjected with primed OVA-specific BALB/c T cells plus OVA-pulsed APCs into ear pinnae of normal BALB/c mice (assay for delayed hypersensitivity expression) or coinjected with OVA-pulsed APCs into footpads of naive DO11.10 mice whose draining lymph node cells were harvested 4 days later and assayed in vitro for capacity to secrete interferon-g (IFN-g) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) when stimulated with OVA (assay for induction of delayed hypersensitivity). RESULTS. DO11.10 T cells activated in vitro by OVA-pulsed TGFb2-treated APCs secreted large amounts of mature TGFb and suppressed the expression of delayed hypersensitivity in a local adoptive transfer assay. Suppression was reversed in the presence of neutralizing anti-TGFb antibodies. In addition, in vitro generated regulatory T cells influenced naive T cells in DO11.10 mice that were responding to an initial immunization with OVA to secrete IL-4, rather than IFN-g. This influence was independent of TGFb. CONCLUSIONS. OVA-pulsed APCs, pretreated in vitro with TGFb2, activate DO11.10 T cells in a manner that endows the responding cells with the capacity to suppress the induction and then the expression of delayed hypersensitivity in vivo. In certain ways, these properties of in vitro‐ activated DO11.10 T cells resemble the properties of afferent and efferent regulatory T cells typically found in the spleens of animals with anterior chamber‐associated immune deviation. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:1410 ‐1421)
Personality Assessment Inventory

The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991) is a 344-item self-report inventory that assesses various domains of personality and psychopathology among adults and was designed for use in professional and research settings. Items are answered on a 4-point Likert-type scale according to the extent to which they reflect true descriptions of client experiences. These items are then combined into 22 nonoverlapping full scales, including 4 validity scales, 11 clinical scales, 5 treatment consideration scales, and 2 interpersonal scales (see Table 1). As shown in Table 1, 10 of the full scales contain conceptually derived subscales that were designed to facilitate interpretation and coverage of the clinical constructs. Administration of the inventory takes approximately 50–60 minutes, and test takers should have a reading ability at the fourth-grade level. Keywords: Personality Assessment Inventory; personality measures; inventories; test validity
Regulation of Radixin Gene Expression in Pulmonary Endothelium by LPS and Cyclic Stretch

Increased lung vascular permeability is a cardinal feature of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We previously have shown that the ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) proteins differentially participate in agonists-induced endothelial cell (EC) barrier enhancement and hyperpermeability. In the present study we explore the regulation of radixin gene expression in lung inflammation by disease-associated genetic variants in the promoter and intronic regions of the RDX. A combination of genomic wide association study (GWAS), in silico analysis, and transfection of RDX promoter luciferase reporter were utilized. We analyzed RDX expression with Genomatix and Haploview for gene regulation and allele linkage disequilibrium (LD), respectively. Inflammatory stimuli LPS and 18% cyclic stretch (a model of mechanical lung injury) each time-dependently modulate both the protein expression of radixin and phosphorylation of ERMs. A GWAS study of African Americans identified one promoter (rs1...
Bronchotomy for Removal of a Foreign Body: Report of Its Use After External Penetrating Chest Trauma

Abstract The surgical management of an unusual case of penetrating chest wall injury with retention of a large foreign body that migrated during a three-year period from the periphery of the lung to a hilar endobronchial locus is reported. Bronchotomy for removal of the foreign body provided safe and effective disposition of the problem, without either loss of functioning lung parenchyma or residual symptoms.
Some applications of Gentzen's proof theory in automated deduction

Reasoning and problem-solving programs must eventually allow the full use of quantifiers and sets, and have strong enough control methods to use them without combinatorial explosion. J. McCarthy
Multiple instance learning for soft bags via top instances

A generalized formulation of the multiple instance learning problem is considered. Under this formulation, both positive and negative bags are soft, in the sense that negative bags can also contain positive instances. This reflects a problem setting commonly found in practical applications, where labeling noise appears on both positive and negative training samples. A novel bag-level representation is introduced, using instances that are most likely to be positive (denoted top instances), and its ability to separate soft bags, depending on their relative composition in terms of positive and negative instances, is studied. This study inspires a new large-margin algorithm for soft-bag classification, based on a latent support vector machine that efficiently explores the combinatorial space of bag compositions. Empirical evaluation on three datasets is shown to confirm the main findings of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed soft-bag classifier.
Science Title Misstep

The title of the 6 May News of the Week story “At long last, Gravity Probe B satellite proves Einstein right” (p. [649][1]) made me cringe. I find myself frequently repeating to students and the public that science doesn't “prove” theories. Scientific measurements can only disprove theories
Blood pressure targets in the treatment of high blood pressure: a reappraisal of the J-shaped phenomenon

The risk that lowering blood pressure (BP) excessively increases the incidence of cardiovascular disease—the J-shaped phenomenon—has been a matter of concern endorsed by many experts, particularly in patients with coronary heart disease and diabetes. The results of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes (ACCORD) trial strengthened the idea that it may be futile to lower BP more intensively in patients with diabetes. Nevertheless, there seems to be no direct J-shaped relation between BP-lowering treatment and outcome. Patients with normal or low BP and high or very high cardiovascular risk could have their BP reduced further by treatment. Placebo-controlled clinical trials of BP-lowering agents in patients with BP within normal values and concomitant cardiovascular disease demonstrated consistent reduction of recurrent and newer cardiovascular events. The use of BP agents in such conditions, as in patients with coronary artery disease, heart failure, diabetes and in patients recovered from a stroke has been endorsed by guidelines. Although is likely that there is a J-shaped relationship of BP with outcomes in cohort studies, clinical trials that tested more intensive versus standard goals and clinical trials done with patients with low BP demonstrated that the J-shaped phenomenon should not be a concern in the treatment of high BP.
Anxiety and Mood Disorders in Adolescents With Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

In this study, the authors examined the association between childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety and mood disorders in adolescence.They compared a group of 142 adol...
THE NUCLEAR ENVELOPE: ITS STRUCTURE AND RELATION TO CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANES

An electron microscope study of thin sections of interphase cells has revealed the following:- Circular pores are formed in the double nuclear envelope by continuities between the inner and outer membranes which permit contact between the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm unmediated by a well defined membrane. The pores, seen in sections normal to the nuclear envelope, are profiles of the ring-shaped structures described by others and seen in tangential section. The inner and outer nuclear membranes are continuous with one another and enclose the perinuclear space. The pores contain a diffuse, faintly particulate material. A survey of cells of the rat derived from the embryonic ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, and of a protozoan and an alga has revealed pores in all tissues examined, without exception. It is concluded that pores in the nuclear envelope are a fundamental feature of all resting cells. In certain cells, the outer nuclear membrane is continuous with membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, hence the perinuclear space is continuous with cavities enclosed by those membranes. There are indications that this is true for all resting cells, at least in a transitory way. On the basis of these observations, the hypothesis is made that two pathways of exchange exist between the nucleus and the cytoplasm; by way of the perinuclear space and cavities of the endoplasmic reticulum and by way of the pores in the nuclear envelope.
Ideal Ramjet: Optimum Freestream Mach Number for Minimum Thrust-Specific Fuel Consumption

ao = freestream speed of sound cp = specific heat at constant pressure gc = Newton’s constant hPR = fuel lower heating value Mo = Mach number at freestream conditions M o = freestream Mach number for minimum S S = thrust-specific fuel consumption T = temperature Tmax = material temperature limit To = freestream temperature Tto = freestream total temperature = ratio of specific heats b = = r r = inlet temperature ratio, Tto=To 1 1 M o=2 = material temperature limit to freestream temperature ratio, Tmax=To
THE USE OF SHORT LIVED FLUORESCENT DYES TO CORRECT FOR ARTIFACTS IN THE MEASUREMENTS OF FLUORESCENCE LIFETIMES

— The ultrafast emission for fluorophores can be used as the effective excitation pulse for prompt response measurements by photo detectors in the same spectral region as that of unknown samples. This method corrects for such artifacts as wavelength and spatial dependence of the response function of the photodetector. It is shown that the emission from triphenylmethane dyes is an excellent effective pulse with relaxation time 2 ps in the red region of the spectrum. A microchannel plate photomultiplier has only a 35 ps increase in response or lag time between excitation at 420 nm and emission at 680 nm.
Abstract 4696: Expression of the DNA repair protein UNG predicts lung cancer sensitivity to pemetrexed

Uracil misincorporation is a direct consequence of TS inhibition by the multi-target antifolate, pemetrexed. The DNA base excision repair (BER) enzyme Uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG) is the major glycosylase responsible for the removal of misincorporated genomic uracil. We have previously illustrated that human colon cancer cells (DLD1) with engineered stable somatic knockout of UNG expression are hypersensitive to pemetrexed owing to the cytotoxicity of genomic uracil accumulation. Here, we examined the relationship between the expression of UNG and the pemetrexed sensitivity in a small panel of lung cancer cell lines (n∼10). The levels of UNG were measured by western blot (for protein) and RT-PCR (for mRNA). Results revealed that UNG mRNA expression is well correlated with protein expression in all cell lines. Moreover, there was a wide range of distribution of UNG levels in the lung cancer cell lines evaluated. UNG cutting assay and AP site measurements confirm that these differences in UNG expression result in varied potential for BER activation and subsequent AP site formation. To determine the role of this variation in UNG expression in pemetrexed cytotoxicity, colony survival studies were performed. In general, cell lines with higher UNG expression were more resistant to pemetrexed. H460 cells having 7-fold lower expression of UNG mRNA than H1975 cells are >5 fold more sensitive to pemetrexed than H1975 cells (H460 IC50 = 200nM; H1975 IC50 = >1000nM). Analysis of tissue microarray data in Oncomine confirms variations in UNG expression in primary human lung cancer samples. Moreover, small cell lung cancer and squamous cell lung cancer, both notoriously resistant to pemetrexed, have significantly increased median UNG expression compared to all other lung cancer subtypes (1.5-fold greater UNG expression p Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4696. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4696
Sociology of Sport: an Overview

This review sketches some strengths and weaknesses in the subfield and its potential for generating and testing theoretical frameworks. The analysis includes research on sport from the following perspectives: interinstitutional relationships, social stratification, small groups, and social psychology. In recent years, the sociology of sport has become more sophisticated in terms of research questions posed, research design, quantitative analysis, and cross-cultural comparisons. As one dimension of leisure, sports represent a serious topic for scholarly research to round out our understanding of the human person as a social being.
The effect of ligand binding on the proteolytic pattern of methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase.

Abstract Native rat liver methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase was proteolyzed by lysylendopeptidase C, chymotrypsin, and trypsin to generate different cleavage fragments of molecular masses: 50, 8, 55, 44, 39, 53, 45, and 40 kDa. A proteolytic cleavage map of MMSDH was constructed based on sequencing data and a comparison of appearance and degradation rates of the different protein fragments as shown by SDS-PAGE. NAD+ was highly effective as a protector against proteolysis in both the N-terminal and the C-terminal parts of the intact enzyme. NADH did not efficiently protect the intact enzyme; however, it stabilized proteolytic fragment L50 from further degradation. This suggests that the NAD+-binding domain is not destroyed by cleavage of the N-terminal part of MMSDH. CoA had no effect on the proteolytic cleavage patterns of MMSDH. However, CoA esters reduced the protective effect of NAD+ with an order of effectiveness of acetyl-CoA > propionyl-CoA > butyrylCoA. p-Nitrophenyl acetate, substrate for esterase activity by the enzyme, partially prevented the protective effect of NAD+ against proteolysis. These results suggest that S-acylation of the enzyme prevents a stabilizing conformational change induced in MMSDH by NAD+ binding.
Computer Availability, Computer Experience and Technophobia Among Public School Teachers

Since Time named the microcomputer their “Man of the Year” in 1983 there has been a continued drive for public school teachers to become computer literate. A nationwide study concluded that although teachers have increased computer availability in their classrooms, they are not integrating computers into the standard curricula. The present study examined “technophobia” as an explanation for low levels of computer utilization. Elementary teachers (N = 171), secondary science teachers (N - 117), and secondary humanities teachers (N = 200) in 54 schools across five urban school districts completed three measures of technophobia and a measure of demographic characteristics, computer/technology experience, computer availability, and current computer use. Results indicated that: (1) computers are available at all schools, but are not being used by many teachers; (2) many teachers are technophobic, particularly elementary teachers and secondary humanities teachers; (3) teachers are most worried about dealing with the actual computer machinery in their classroom, about computer errors, and about learning to use computers; and (4) predictive models showed that although computer experience is the most prominent predictor of technophobia, it is not the only predictor — age, gender, teaching experience, computer availability, ethnicity, and school socioeconomic status also play an important role in predicting technophobia. Implications of these results are discussed in terms of the long-term effects that technophobic teachers will have on their current and future students.
Fiber Optic Cable Assembly Specification Checklist for Avionics Applications

In this paper the reader is provided a comprehensive fiber optic cable assembly specification checklist to consider for avionics applications. Its purpose is to facilitate supply chain utilization of unambiguous specifications, qualifications, and quality assurance standardization of avionics fiber optic cable assemblies. Fiber optic cable assemblies used for avionics application should be considered on a case-by-case basis as the performance, service life, reliability, supportability, and maintainability requirements of avionics systems vary between aircraft type (i.e., fixed wing or rotary), model, series, mission, etc
On the onset of relativistic instability in highly centrally condensed stars

Etude du critere de debut d'instabilite d'origine relativiste du a des perturbations radiales
Extracorporeal photochemotherapy: A potentially useful treatment for scleromyxedema

Scleromyxedema, a variant of papular mucinosis, is a rare condition that clinically resembles scleroderma. Itis characterized by a lichenoid papular eruption, induration of the skin, and a paraproteinemia of unknown significance. Histologic examination reveals dermal deposition of mucin; proliferation of large, stellate fibroblasts; and fibrosis. Multisystemic manifestations have also been reported. Scleromyxedema is often difficult to treat. One of the most effective therapies is melphalan or a similar alkylating agent but this carries the risk of acute toxicity and malignancy.l-4 We describe a patient who responded to extracorporeal photochemotherapy (photopheresis) after unsuccessful attempts with other treatment.
Sensitivity analysis of Salmonella enteritidis levels in contaminated shell eggs using a biphasic growth model.

Abstract Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is a common foodborne pathogen, the transmission of which is primarily associated with the consumption of contaminated Grade A shell eggs. In order to estimate the level of SE present in raw shell eggs, it is necessary to consider the protective effects of the egg albumin, which effectively inhibits SE growth in a time- and temperature-dependent manner. In this study, a SE growth model was produced by combining two mathematical equations that described both the extended lag phase of SE growth (food component) and a SE growth model (pathogen component). This biphasic growth model was then applied to various egg handling scenarios based on the farm-to-table continuum, including in-line and off-line processing facilities with consideration of key events in production, processing, transportation, and storage. Seasonal effects were also studied. Monte Carlo simulation was used to characterize variability in temperature and time parameter values influencing the level of SE to which individuals are exposed. The total level of SE consumed was estimated under best, most likely, and time–temperature abusive handling scenarios. The model estimated that, in most cases, there was no SE growth in contaminated eggs handled under most likely practices, because 10–70% of the yolk membrane remained intact. Under abusive handling scenarios, complete loss of yolk membrane integrity frequently occurred by the time eggs reach the distribution phase, followed by subsequent SE growth, which was often quite rapid. In general, the effect of season and processing method (in-line vs. off-line) was minimal. Further sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the initial SE contamination level significantly influenced the final exposure levels only under no-abuse or mildly abusive conditions. The results of our study suggest that, for maximum reduction of SE exposure level, cooling strategies should not only focus on the on-farm or processing phases, but should emphasize the importance of cooling strategies at the distribution and consumer phases of the farm-to-fork continuum.
Temporal-line shift of pulsed GaAs 1-x P x injection laser diodes

The time dependence of the coherent emission wavelength shift of GaAs 1-x P x laser diodes during a flat-topped, 240 ns current pulse (20 ns rise time) was measured and found to agree reasonably well with calculations based on a simple thermal model of the diode which gives a square root of time dependence.
Near-rings associated with generalized translation structures

In this paper we study generalized translation spaces with operators, denoted by GTSO. We associate to each GTSO a near-ring, called the kernel of the GTSO. Focusing on the finite case we show that every near-ring with identity arises as the kernel of an appropriate GTSO. In terms of the geometric properties of the GTSO we obtain representation results for the classes of local near-rings and near-fields.
Contributions of Torpedo Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor γTrp-55 and δTrp-57 to Agonist and Competitive Antagonist Function

Results of affinity-labeling studies and mutational analyses provide evidence that the agonist binding sites of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) are located at the α-γ and α-δ subunit interfaces. For Torpedo nAChR, photoaffinity-labeling studies with the competitive antagonistd-[3H]tubocurarine (dTC) identified two tryptophans, γTrp-55 and δTrp-57, as the primary sites of photolabeling in the non-α subunits. To characterize the importance of γTrp-55 and δTrp-57 to the interactions of agonists and antagonists, Torpedo nAChRs were expressed inXenopus oocytes, and equilibrium binding assays and electrophysiological recordings were used to examine the functional consequences when either or both tryptophans were mutated to leucine. Neither substitution altered the equilibrium binding of dTC. However, the δW57L and γW55L mutations decreased acetylcholine (ACh) binding affinity by 20- and 7,000-fold respectively. For the wild-type, γW55L, and δW57L nAChRs, the concentration dependence of channel activation was characterized by Hill coefficients of 1.8, 1.1, and 1.7. For the γW55L mutant, dTC binding at the α-γ site acts not as a competitive antagonist but as a coactivator or partial agonist. These results establish that interactions with γ Trp-55 of theTorpedo nAChR play a crucial role in agonist binding and in the agonist-induced conformational changes that lead to channel opening.
Some Consequences of the Riemann Hypothesis for Varieties over Finite Fields.

We deduce from Deligne's form of the Riemann hypothesis and the hard Lefschetz theoremin l-adic cohomology the corresponding facts for any “reasonable” cohomology theory, in particular for crystalline cohomology, and give some applications to algebraic cycles.
Instability in degenerate two-photon running wave laser with detuning

The previous stability analysis of the degenerate two-photon running wave laser is extended to the inclusion of detuning between frequencies of cavity and atoms. We derive the analytical equation for the critical pumping and prove analytically that for the special case ofr (γ∥/γ⊥) being unity, there is no Hopf bifurcation instability for the bad cavity. The good cavity case is analysed numerically. The role played by detuning is to raise the critical pumping. In the case ofk<r (or <Kγ∥) where there is no Hopf bifurcation instability for the perfect tuning case, the large detuning can give rise to self-pulsing instability.
Clinical manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism before and after parathyroidectomy. A case-control study.

Background There has been an National Institutes of Health consensus meeting concerning the management of patients with asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism, yet there is no clear definition of this condition. The authors, therefore, documented the clinical manifestations and frequencies of these manifestations in unselected patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and determined whether these clinical manifestations resolved after parathyroidectomy. Method The authors studied 152 unselected consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and 132 control patients with nontoxic thyroid disorders who were treated by parathyroidectomy or thyroidectomy, respectively, between January 1986 and June 1991. All patients received a questionnaire during their initial office visits and the same questionnaire again after their operations. Patients were also questioned about their perception of the success of the operation. Eighty percent of the parathyroid patients and 70.5% of the thyroid patients completed the questionnaires, and the mean follow-up time was 20 months. Results Only 7 (4.6%) patients with primary hyperparathyroidism had no symptoms, and 26(17.1%) had no associated conditions despite 74.3% of these patients having serum calcium levels less than 12 mg/dL. Symptoms including fatigue, exhaustion, weakness, polydipsia, polyuria, nocturia, joint pain, bone pain, constipation, depression, anorexia, nausea, heartburn, and associated conditions, including nephrolithiasis, and hematuria occurred more often in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism than in the thyroid control patients (p < 0.05). After parathyroidectomy, only eight (5.3%) patients failed to have any improvement in symptoms or associated conditions. Fifty-seven percent of the parathyroid patients verses 30% of the thyroid patients felt better overall after the operation ; strength subjectively improved in 29% of parathyroid patients versus 13% in thyroid patients ; thirty-seven percent of the parathyroid patients versus 13% of the thyroid patients claimed they were less depressed. Conclusion When examined thoroughly, few patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were asymptomatic or without associated conditions, and most patients experienced subjective improvement after successful parathyroidectomy.
In vitro modulation of bovine caudate muscarinic receptor number by organophosphates and carbamates.

Abstract In vitro binding assays to measure muscarinic receptor number and affinity were carried out with isolated synaptic plasma membranes from bovine caudate nuclei. Diethyl- p -nitrophenyl phosphate (paraoxon; PX), dichlorvos (DDVP), and tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP) were demonstrated to be weak noncompetitive receptor inactivators. PX, DDVP, and TEPP decreased the number of [ 3 H ]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) binding sites by 16 to 31% and exhibited no significant effect on the affinity of central muscarinic receptors for QNB ( K d ⋍ 0.3 n m ). QNB binding was inhibited by PX at 5 n m , DDVP at 50 n m , and TEPP at 50 n m , concentrations with no effect on acetylcholinesterase activity. Similar measurements with two carbamates, physostigmine and neostigmine (1 n m ), showed no effect of neostigmine on QNB binding, while physostigmine both decreased the number of receptors and enhanced their affinity for QNB. The modulation of muscarinic receptors by 5 n m PX was abolished by carbodiimide modification of the membrane preparation. It is suggested that a decrease in the number of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the brain may underlie some of the neurological and affective disorders observed after chronic exposure of humans to organophosphate insecticides.
The Oceanic Response to Large-Scale Atmospheric Disturbances

Abstract This paper is an analytical and numerical study of the response of the ocean to the fluctuating component of the wind stress as computed from twice-daily weather maps for the period 1973 to 1976. The results are described in terms of (time) mean and rms fields, frequency spectra and horizontal cross spectra, and local cross spectra between oceanic and atmospheric variables. A forcing function with scales strictly larger than O(100 km) induces oceanic motion that is depth independent at periods between the inertial period and ∼300 days. The dynamics is essentially linear so that rectified currents are small, the associated rectified transport amounts to at most 1–2 Sv in the western boundary layer. Root-mean-square currents are typically a few centimeters per second and are most intense in the western part of the basin, and near major topographic features. Fluctuations in the transport of the western boundary layer can be as large as 20–30 Sv. Three distinct frequency bands characterize the wind-i...
Renal cell carcinoma in childhood and adolescence: a retrospective survey for prognostic factors in 22 cases.

Abstract To identify prognostic factors for renal carcinoma in young patients, a retrospective analysis was performed of 22 patients (≤21 years of age) with histologically verified renal cell carcinoma. Demographic, staging, and treatment variables were collected in a database, and their effect on survival was determined using Kaplan-Meier probability distribution. The median age was 15.5 years (range, 3 to 21 years), and the male:female ratio was 13:9. Only three patients were black. Histopathologic examination showed 15 clear cell tumors, 4 mixed cell type, 2 papillary, and one well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. The median size of the primary tumor was 10 cm (range, 5 to 20). There were seven patients with stage I tumors, one with stage II, and 14 with stage IV. Complete resection of the primary tumor was accomplished in 12 patients. The overall 5-year survival rate was 30% (confidence interval, 20% to 40%). The 5-year survival rate was better for patients who had complete resection of the primary tumor (60% v 10%). Unresectability was associated with involvement of nodes and/or occurrence of metastases, thus an independent effect of complete resection on survival could not be demonstrated. The data showed that age, tumor size, location, and histology were not predictors of outcome; tumor stage and complete surgical resection were the only meaningful prognostic factors. The presentation of renal cell carcinoma as a localized or systemic disease may reflect a twofold biological behavior. In the first group, the disease is curable with resection, in the second, it is unaffected by surgery or adjuvant therapy. In light of the very low incidence of this renal malignancy in childhood, prospective multicenter studies will be required to improve the poor therapeutic results.
Spin-free quantum chemistry. XXIV: Freeon many-body theory

We present the freeon, singlet, unitary group formulation of many-body theory as an alternative to the particle-number-conserving, spin-projected, fermion, second-quantized formulation. It is based on the generator-state-approach (GSA) developed in part 23 of this series. We develop C1, perturbation, coupled-cluster, and random-phase theories.
Impact of heparin bonding on pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass: a prospective randomized study.

Abstract Background . Heparin-coated circuits reduce the inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass in adult patients; however, little is known about its effects in the pediatric population. Two studies were performed to assess this technology's impact on inflammation and clinical outcomes. Methods . In a pilot study, complement and interleukins were measured in 19 patients who had either uncoated cardiopulmonary bypass circuits or heparin-bonded circuits. Subsequently, 23 additional patients were studied in a randomized fashion. Respiratory function and blood product utilization were recorded. Results . In the pilot study, heparin-bonded circuit patients had less complement 3a ( p p p = 0.02). Multiple variable analysis revealed that the following postoperative variables were increased with bypass time ( p = 0.01) and diminished with heparin-bonded circuits: interleukins ( p = 0.01), peak airway pressures ( p = 0.05), and prothrombin time ( p = 0.03). Conclusions . Heparin-bonded circuits significantly reduce cytokines and complement during cardiopulmonary bypass and lower interleukin levels postbypass; they were also associated with improved pulmonary and coagulation function. Heparin-bonded circuits ameliorate the systemic inflammatory response in pediatric patients from cardiopulmonary bypass.
Control of lysosomal acid phosphatase expression in man-mouse cell hybrids.

Lysosomal acid phosphatase activity in human and mouse cells was separated into multiple zones by starch gel electrophoresis. One of the two major zones in the mouse was apparently extinguished when genetic information from man and the mouse was combined in proliferating man-mouse somatic cell hybrids. The evidence suggested that the absence of the mouse lysosomal acid phosphatase (mAP-1) was influenced by the human genome. The gene coding for human acid phosphatase (hAP-1) was shown to be unlinked to the presumed human component which extinguished the mouse acid phosphatase (mAP-1). The mechanism of “extinction” is postulated to be a modification in the processing of the mouse lysosomal enzyme. A dimeric structure was suggested for acid phosphatase-1 of man, mouse, and rat since a single hybrid enzyme was expressed in man-mouse and mouse-rat somatic cell hybrids.
Estimation of the best linear unbiased predictor for the mean with unequal sample sizes

Abstract When the samples selected from k normal populations are of unequal sizes, we consider the empirical best linear unbiased predictor, EBLUP, for the mean of each population. For fixed values of the means of these populations, conditions for the Mean Square Error (MSE) of the EBLUP to be smaller than the variance of the sample mean and, at the same time, for its absolute bias to be smaller than a specified fraction of the square root of its MSE are obtained. Preference of the EBLUP over the sample mean is examined for the estimation of the averages of the daily hospital expenses of the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs) of twenty states in the US.
A Finite Element Model for Macroscopic Deformation of the Lung

A finite element model is formulated for determining the macroscopic stress, strain and deformation of the lung parenchyma. The effects of nonlinear elastic behavior, finite deformation, and interfacial tension are included. An incremental approach is used. Illustrative results for deformation of the lung due to its weight are included. The necessity of including surface tension explicitly is demonstrated.
Frequency of Spontaneous Arousal from Hibernation in Bats

ALL species of mammalian hibernators ‘spontaneously’ raise their body temperatures to or near the normal homeothermic level at intervals during a winter's hibernation. The frequency with which such arousals occur is in part at least a species-specific characteristic ranging from an arousal every 2–7 days in hamsters1 to maximal periods of 12–20 days in various species of the genus Citellus, and 20–33 days in Glis glis2. Folk3 has reported that 4 bats (Eptesicus fuscus) remained without movement for 64–66 days in the dark at ambient temperatures of 4°–8° C. However, reliable information about the maximal duration of continuous hibernation (or conversely the frequency of spontaneous arousal) is available for only a few species. Reports of long periods of continuous hibernation based on daily visual observations of the postures of hibernating animals must be interpreted with great caution as there is no well-documented correlation between postural adjustment and change in body temperature in many species of hibernators.
Conversation votes: enabling anonymous cues

In this work we describe Conversation Votes, a visualization to create new backchannels in conversation and augment collocated interaction. We expand the idea of a social mirror, a reflection of interaction, to incorporate direct user feedback in the form of anonymous voting. By capturing user input, the mirror becomes more demonstrative of context as participants add their interpretation into the visualization. The end result produces a visualization to provide a more accurate reflection of interaction and create flags of salient moments in conversation.
Collaborative Optimization of Systems Involving Discrete Design at the Discipline Level

The multidisciplinary design optimization technique known as collaborative optimization is applied to two example problems to illustrate the flexibility that the technique extends to disciplinary design teams. In the first problem, disciplinary design variables are discrete-valued representing the cross-sectional dimensions of standardized shapes for structural members in a frame. In the second problem, discrete disciplinary design variables are used to represent the choice between different structural configurations of truss tower. In both problems, disciplinary design was performed by the non-gradient-based strategy, exhaustive search. Nevertheless, system-level optimization was performed by a gradient-based strategy using simple formulas for the necessary gradients.
Interleukin-1β induction of TNF-α gene expression: Involvement of protein kinase C

In the human astroglioma cell line CH235-MG, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) induces transcriptional activation of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene, resulting in expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and biologically active TNF-alpha protein. This study was undertaken to elucidate intracellular signaling pathways involved in IL-1 beta induction of the TNF-alpha gene. We demonstrated that the protein kinase C (PKC) activator 4 beta-phorbol 12 beta-myristate 13 alpha-acetate (PMA) in concert with Ca++ ionophore A23187 induced expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and protein, whereas an inactive PMA analogue (alpha PMA) had no effect. Various cyclic nucleotide activators such as 8-Bromo cAMP, cholera toxin, and forskolin had no effect on TNF-alpha production. Two PKC inhibitors, H7 and staurosporine (SS), abrogated IL-1 beta induced TNF-alpha expression in a dose-dependent fashion. Treatment of CH235-MG cells with a high concentration of PMA (1 microM) for an extended period of time (48 h) caused a greater than 90% reduction in total PKC activity. Further strengthening a role for PKC in this cytokine response is the fact that IL-1 beta was no longer able to induce TNF-alpha expression in these PKC depleted cells. Last, IL-1 beta treatment produced an increase of total PKC activity in CH235-MG cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate that IL-1 beta induces TNF-alpha gene expression in CH235-MG cells in a PKC-dependent manner.
HUSBAND—WIFE DIVISION OF LABOUR AND QUALITY OF FAMILY LIFE*

This paper reports data on the relationship between how couples perceive their family life quality and the division of household work. The sample consists of 210 Wisconsin couples. Time diaries and face-to-face interviews were used. Analyses indicate that the division of familiwork is not an important correlate of the congruency that the spouses hold concerning their family life quality. The one exception is that less traditional couples tend to be more dissatisfied with the work each does around the home.
The modal equations in classical mechanics

Abstract The philosophical development of the modal equations, and several mathematical extensions from them, are discussed in relation to the various areas of classical mechanics. Some obvious similarities occur between all of these areas because of their common physical and mathematical foundations.
427 IMPROVING GROWTH HORMONE RESPONSE WITH ORAL ZING THERAPY IN RUSSELL-SILVER DWARFISM

Growth hormone deficiency has been reported in 10-20% of Russell-Silver dwarfs. Two siblings with all the classical features of Russell-Silver Syndrome were low in growth hormone (insulinarginine stimulation test), and blood and hair zinc (Zn). They received 50 mg elemental Zn orally each day for 2 months and 50 mg weekly for 4 more months. Growth hormone and Zn determinations were repeated at 6 months: It appears there is a direct relationship between the growth hormone response and Zn nutritional status. We have data indicating that growth hormone therapy increases hair Zn and decreases urinary Zn in children with growth hormone deficiency. These two children provide new data indicating that there are patients whose growth hormone production is affected by their Zn nutritional status.
Stability of Sulbactam/Ampicillin in Diluents for Parenteral Administration

Compatibility studies were conducted of sulbactam/ampicillin in infusion diluents that are reported to be compatible with ampicillin sodium. A high-performance liquid chromatographic system that simultaneously detects sulbactam and ampicillin was used to determine whether the infusion diluents and the conditions of use recommended for ampicillin sodium are applicable to sulbactam/ampicillin. The results show that the sulbactam/ampicillin preparation for parenteral administration is compatible with all diluents recommended for ampicillin sodium. In all diluents sulbactam was more stable than ampicillin. At the end of the reported use periods, the average retention value for sulbactam in the combination solutions was 96% (range, 91%-101%), whereas the average retention value for ampicillin in the same solutions was 90% (range, 84%-95%). The presence of sulbactam had no adverse effect on the stability of ampicillin. The average retention value for ampicillin alone in the same diluents was 92% (range, 82%-99%). The conditions of use for sulbactam/ampicillin in diluents for parenteral administration are unrestricted by the presence of sulbactam and are, in fact, governed by those of ampicillin sodium.
Iatrogenic hyponatremia: a cause of death following pediatric tonsillectomy

Death following pediatric tonsillectomy is very rare. If deaths occur, they are most commonly due to bleeding or aspiration. In this presentation, we would like to illustrate another potentially lethal complication following the pediatric tonsillectomy, iatrogenic hyponatremia. We have encountered 3 patients who have developed post-operative hyponatremia. This has resulted in 2 deaths. The third patient was successfully treated and developed no permanent sequela. We will discuss the etiology and pathophysiology of post-operative hyponatremia including guidelines for administering fluid and electrolytes intra-operatively and post-operatively. We expect that fatal post-operative hyponatremia can be avoided in the pediatric tonsillectomy patients.