cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Book Review of Evidence and Innovation in Housing Law and Policy (Cambridge University Press, 2).

This is a review of Evidence and Innovation in Housing Policy, edited by Professors Lee Anne Fennell of the University of Chicago Law School and Benjamin Keys of the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania and published in 2018 by Cambridge University Press. The volume contains thirteen essays by scholars from multiple disciplinary and methodological perspectives. Early chapters concentrate on how land use regulations, including historic preservation, constrain new development, reduce supply, and drive up housing costs. The book then shifts to focus on community formation in relationship to both the individual home and urban redevelopment more broadly. Later chapters examine the relationship between housing and personal wealth, as well as the roles that financial regulation and access to credit play in this regard. Concern for housing affordability runs throughout most of the essays. This review, written for the Journal of Affordable Housing and Community Development Law, briefly summarizes each of the thirteen chapters, before highlighting a few themes that run across the volume.
FUSION POWER — LIKELIHOOD AND PROMISE

ABSTRACT Controlled nuclear fusion as an “ultimate” power source in an economically attractive form is still uncertain. Its apparent attractions are great — an inexhaustible source of fuel, almost no really long-lived radioactive products, and no possibility of a nuclear excursion or a melt-down from afterheat. The difficulties are immense — both from the plasma physics and the engineering standpoints — but much progress has been made in the past 20 yr, and the prospects are promising. The first portion of the paper presents a description of typical fusion reactor concepts and points out the major problem areas to give some insight into the magnitude of the difficulties and the likelihood of their solution. The second portion of the paper indicates how fusion power plants can be employed to meet the total energy requirements of our economy.
Large angle proton proton elastic scattering at intermediate momenta

Differential cross sections have been measured for large-angle $p\ensuremath{-}p$ elastic scattering at intermediate momenta in an experiment performed at the Argonne National Laboratory Zero Gradient Synchrotron. A wire-spark-chamber detection system was employed. The results are reported at 13 momenta between 1.5 and 5.5 $\frac{\mathrm{GeV}}{c}$, and cover the angular region $30\ensuremath{\le}{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}\ensuremath{\le}90$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The statistical accuracy of the data, presented in 2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} bins in ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}$, is typically \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4%. The data suggest slope changes in the fixed-${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}$ cross sections near $\ensuremath{-}t=0.8$ and 3 ${(\frac{\mathrm{GeV}}{c})}^{2}$. The results of attempts to interpret the data in terms of optical models, the statistical model, the Regge-pole model, and a diffractive model are presented. A Regge calculation which predicts the masses at which dibaryon resonances might be expected to occur is outlined.
Perforation of the oesophagus

Perforation of the oesophagus can be fatal unless diagnosed promptly and treated effectively1–3. The most common causes of perforation are passing instruments down the oesophagus, especially during forced dilatation of an oesophageal stricture1–3, followed by external trauma due to stab or gunshot wounds. Other causes include the ‘spontaneous’ or emetogenic disruption of the oesophagus (Boerhaave syndrome — first described by Hermann Boerhaave (1668–1738) in the Baron of Wasenaar), perforation of an oesophageal cancer, sloughing of oesophageal wall after injection sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices and infectious processes in immunocompromised patients.
Innovation and Orthodoxy in the Portraiture of Constantine and His Sons

This chapter evaluates the corpus of Constantinian sculpted and numismatic portraiture and analyzes the new directions in imperial representation that were introduced with the appearance of the dynasty of Constantine. The chapter draws attention to the dual character of art produced during the Constantinian era, which is evident in its highly individualized portrayals of the ruler and in its conscious duplication of images and styles adopted by previous Augusti (notably Augustus and Trajan). The chapter contextualizes the homogeneity of Constantine’s sons in imperial portraiture and evaluates the enduring contribution of Constantine and his immediate successors to late Roman art.
Pika parsing: reformulating packrat parsing as a dynamic programming algorithm solves the left recursion and error recovery problems.

A recursive descent parser is built from a set of mutually-recursive functions, where each function directly implements one of the nonterminals of a grammar. A packrat parser uses memoization to reduce the time complexity for recursive descent parsing from exponential to linear in the length of the input. Recursive descent parsers are extremely simple to write, but suffer from two significant problems: (i) left-recursive grammars cause the parser to get stuck in infinite recursion, and (ii) it can be difficult or impossible to optimally recover the parse state and continue parsing after a syntax error. Both problems are solved by the pika parser, a novel reformulation of packrat parsing as a dynamic programming algorithm, which requires parsing the input in reverse: bottom-up and right to left, rather than top-down and left to right. This reversed parsing order enables pika parsers to handle grammars that use either direct or indirect left recursion to achieve left associativity, simplifying grammar writing, and also enables optimal recovery from syntax errors, which is a crucial property for IDEs and compilers. Pika parsing maintains the linear-time performance characteristics of packrat parsing as a function of input length. The pika parser was benchmarked against the widely-used Parboiled2 and ANTLR4 parsing libraries. The pika parser performed significantly better than the other parsers for an expression grammar, although for a complex grammar implementing the Java language specification, a large constant performance impact was incurred per input character. Therefore, if performance is important, pika parsing is best applied to simple to moderate-sized grammars, or to very large inputs, if other parsing alternatives do not scale linearly in the length of the input. Several new insights into precedence, associativity, and left recursion are presented.
The Epidemic of Madness: Killing the Community to Save It

Note as of August 1, 2020, the number of cases and deaths from the Cornoavirus, despite the so-called “surge” and daily headlines scaring people has remained well below many prior flu epidemics suc...
Validity and reliability of 2-dimensional trunk, hip, and knee frontal plane kinematics during single-leg squat, drop jump, and single-leg hop in females with patellofemoral pain

Abstract Objectives To investigate validity and between-session reliability of frontal plane trunk, hip, and knee kinematics during three functional tasks in females with patellofemoral pain (PFP). Design Observational. Setting Research Laboratory. Participants 20 females with PFP (22.7 ± 3.2 years, 69.9 ± 9.2 kg, 167.7 ± 9.6 cm). Main outcome measures Trunk, hip, and knee frontal plane peak angles during the single leg squat (SLS), drop vertical jump (DVJ), and single leg hop (SLH) kinematics were evaluated using 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) motion capture. Participants returned to the lab one week later and competed a second 2D analysis of the functional tasks. Concurrent validity was assessed by evaluating relationship between 2D and 3D frontal plane kinematics with Pearson correlations. Between-session reliability was assessed by evaluating 2D kinematics with intraclass correlation coefficients by a single assessor. Results Moderate to strong correlations (r = 0.55–0.76, p Conclusion 2D hip joint angles during the three functional tasks were the only valid frontal plane angles. Trunk, hip, and knee 2D frontal plane kinematics ranged between good-excellent reliability.
The Company that You Keep: When to Buy a Competitor's Keyword

In search advertising, we observe different patterns of branded keyword purchase behavior by the brand owner and its competitor. In particular, under a specific branded keyword, we may observe in the sponsored link, only the brand owner, only the competitor, both, or neither. In this paper, we aim to understand their strategies in a competitive environment. We first derive conditions for each purchase pattern to emerge as an equilibrium. On probing further the underlying incentives, we find that in some cases, the brand owner may buy its own keyword only to defend itself from the competitor’s threat. In contrast, we also identify the case where the brand owner chooses to buy its own keyword and precludes the competitor from buying it. Our result also implies that both firms may be worse off by engaging in advertising, as in the prisoner’s dilemma case. Finally, we propose an analysis on the impact of the insufficient advertising budget. If the budget is limited, both firms may have an incentive to hurt the competitor taking the higher slot, by increasing the bid amount and thus quickly exhausting the competitor’s budget. Additionally, the budget constraint may make it less likely for each firm to buy the keyword in equilibrium.
Intravenous Drug Abuse Resulting in Infected Retained Cardiac Needle Embolization and Septic Pulmonary Emboli

Intravenous drug abuse remains a significant health concern worldwide. Complications of intravenous drug use include transmission of infectious diseases, infective endocarditis, and localized infection. Central needle embolization of needle fragments from intravenous drug use is extremely rare and can result in life threatening complications. However, management of these patients poses a clinical dilemma for physicians when considering conservative versus surgical treatment. We present a case of a young male with a history of intravenous drug abuse who presented with fevers and shortness of breath and was found to have infective endocarditis and septic pulmonary emboli secondary to a retained needle fragment. Ultimately, a conservative management approach was decided after risk versus benefit analysis was completed.
Comparison of four different multiclass, multiresidue sample preparation methods in the analysis of veterinary drugs in fish and other food matrices.

In 2018, AOAC International issued Standard Method Performance Requirements (SPMR) 2018.010 - Screening and Identification Method for Regulated Veterinary Drug Residues in Food. In response, we compared 4 different multiresidue methods of sample preparation using the same analytical method entailing ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Tilapia was chosen for testing, and the analytes and monitoring levels were from SPMR 2018.010. The methods consist of efficient procedures with published validation results from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), and an enhanced-matrix removal (EMR)-Lipid protocol from China. Each method was used to prepare 102 final extracts of tilapia spiked or not at different levels with the 78 targeted analytes plus metabolites. The same FDA/USDA rules of mass spectral identification were employed in all analyses to assess rates of false positives and negatives. Quantitative accuracy of the methods was also compared in terms of recoveries and reproducibility of spiked tilapia, incurred catfish, and spiked and certified reference material of bovine muscle. Each method yielded generally acceptable results for the targeted veterinary drugs, but the USDA “extract & inject” method was the fastest, simplest, and cheapest to achieve equally or more acceptable results for the widest scope of analytes for the tested food matrices.
Sensorless model-based MPPT of micro-wind energy conversion systems using topological Artificial Neural Networks

The power conversion stage and control system of Micro-Wind Energy Conversion Systems (μWECSs) are usually very simple to reduce cost and maintenance. However, such systems exhibit low yielded power and energy, as well as startup issues and abrupt stoppage in response to large wind speed reductions. To solve such problems, this paper proposes to replace their maximum power tracking algorithm with a model-based one, and to implement an auto restart feature. The additional sensors required by the model-based approach (i.e., the anemometer and the encoder) are implemented as virtual sensors to obtain the advantages of a sensorless system such as reduced cost and maintenance, and improved reliability. The virtual anemometer is implemented using a topological Artificial Neural Network, namely a Growing Neural Gas network, whereas the virtual encoder is obtained using a zero-crossing detector. With the proposed approach, no changes are required to the power conversion system of existing μWECSs. The performance of the proposed system is verified experimentally in comparison with a commercial system. The obtained results show improved performance and validate the study.
Investigation into Recognizing Context Over Time using Physiological Signals

In this paper, we investigate recognizing context over time using physiological signals. Using the CASE dataset we evaluate both unimodal and multimodal approaches to physiological-based context recognition, over time. For recognition, we evaluate a random forest, as well as state-of-the-art neural network. These classifiers are evaluated using accuracy, Kappa, and F1-Macro metrics. Our results suggest that the fusion of EMG signals is more accurate, at recognizing context over time, compared to the fusion of non-EMG physiological signals. Although the fusion of non-EMG has a comparatively higher accuracy, ECG data results in the highest unimodal accuracy. Considering this, we analyze how the signals are correlated, including when the are fused (i.e. multimodal). We also perform a cross-gender analysis (e.g. training on male data and testing on female data) suggesting some generalizability across gender.
Translation Invariant Multiscale Analysis

The notion of multiscale analysis introduced by R. R. Coifman and Y. Meyer is considered and the translation invariant case is characterized.
Repeat dose x-irradiation on single-type cells; time interval of irradiation effect.

Abstract The testes of 68 partially shielded animals were irradiated with non-lethal acute doses of 138r and 300r. In another series, 144 animals were given a dose of 138r followed by a repeat dose of 138r (totalling 276r) at the selected intervals of 1, 2, 4, or 8 days. Animals were killed at intervals post-radiation and the germinal epithelium examined microscopically. Effect of irradiation was followed on spermatogonia and prespermatogonia. By noting the per cent of tubules showing either of the single-type cells on the listed days post-radiation it is possible to indicate graphically the effects of a single dose or of repeat doses of x-irradiation. Three factors were considered: 1) The time necessary for depopulation of spermatogonia; 2) The time period of the effect of radiation as indicated by the first evidence of restoration by prespermatogonia; and 3) The time necessary for recovery determined by the return to near normal frequency of spermatogonia. Depopulation of the spermatogonia occurred in 3–4 days after an acute dose of 138r. The time period of the effect of the irradiation was found to be 5–8 days after an acute dose of 300r. Repeat doses of 138r at intervals of 1, 2, 4, or 8 days (totalling 276r) gave a similar interval of effect after the last dose. Recovery of normal incidence of appearance of spermatogonia is delayed following repeat doses when contrasted with an acute dose of 300r. It makes little difference, however, if the repeat dose is given 1, 2, 4, or 8 days after the first dose. This study of effect of irradiation on a single-type cell confirms clinical observations that recovery is delayed after a repeat dose.
The U.S. lower hybrid experimental program

Except for the Landau heating experiments at General Atomic the U. S. program on lower hybrid heating in toroidal devices has been relatively inactive for the past two years. However, new and encouraging experimental results are just starting to appear from General Atomic on Doublet II A* and Octomak** and from M.I.T. on Alcator A In addition approval has been given for a ~ 4 MW experiment on Alcator C in 1980 and a ~ 1 M experiment on PLT in the same year. It appears that during the early 1980's definitive results on lower hybrid heating will be at hand.
Sodium-Potassium-activated Adenosine Triphosphatase VII. CONCURRENT INHIBITION OF NA+-K+-ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE AND ACTIVATION OF K+-NITROPHENYLPHOSPHATASE ACTIVITIES

Activation of K+-dependent p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity occurs concurrently with inhibition of Na+-K+-ATPase activity when either glycerol or dimethyl sulfoxide is added to the reaction medium. The effects on both activities are reversible. The Na+-dependent ADP-ATP phosphotransferase reaction and K+-dependent acetyl phosphatase activities are also inhibited by dimethyl sulfoxide. The effects of these solvents are consistent with a decreased interaction of phosphokinase and phosphatase sites with the phosphoryl acceptor site and an increased accessibility of p-nitrophenylphosphate to the phosphatase site.
Entendendo as Relações entre Compilador, Arquitetura e Organização com o Simulador do MIPS I Gerado por um Framework de Modelagem

Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta um simulador do processador MIPS I, cujos acrescimos sobre outros simuladores de mesmo proposito sao: o fato de ele ser gerado automaticamente por um framework de modelagem; e a possibilidade de usar, como entradas, programas escritos na linguagem C. Ele propicia ao estudante uma visao completa do processo de execucao de um programa, desde a sua criacao usando uma linguagem de alto nivel ate a sua execucao passo a passo pelos componentes do hardware. O estudante pode, entre outras facilidades, visualizar e entender como se da a passagem de argumentos para uma funcao usando o segmento de pilha do programa. Abstract: This work presents a graphical simulator of the MIPS I processor, whose advantages over the other simulators employed in education are (1) it is created automatically by a design framework, and (2) the possibility of using C programs as its inputs. The simulator provides a complete view, to the student, about the program execution process, from the source code creation, using a high level programming language, to the code execution, step by step, by the processor datapath components. The student can visualize and comprehend, for example, how the program passes arguments to a function using the stack segment.
Hydrogen-mediated models for metastability in a-Si:H: role of dihydride bonding

Two hydrogen-mediated models for defects in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) based on hydrogen pairing have previously been proposed. One model based on the clustered hydrogen phase detected by nuclear magnetic resonance accounts well for several near-equilibrium properties, and in particular for the defect creation during hydrogen effusion. The second model based on hydrogen-collisions forming metastable pairs at arbitrary sites accounts for aspects of light-induced generation of metastable defects. We describe a unified model subsuming both the clustered-phase and hydrogen-collision models. The model is based on sites which bond two pairs of hydrogens. We discuss evidence that the site may be involved with dihydride bonding observed by infrared absorption spectroscopy.
Processing and Performance of an All‐Oxide Ceramic Composite

Continuous fiber ceramic composites (CFCCs) based on oxides are of interest for high-temperature applications owing to their inherent oxidative stability. An enabling element is a matrix with an optimum combination of toughness and strength, which may be achieved by incorporating a controlled amount of fine, well-distributed porosity. Implementation of this concept by vacuum infiltration of aqueous mullite-alumina slurries into two-dimensional woven preforms of alumina fibers has been investigated. Evaluation of these materials shows stress-strain characteristics similar to other CFCCs, especially carbon-matrix composites. Moreover, promising notch and creep properties have been found. Microstructural and processing issues relevant to the attainment of these behaviors are discussed.
PZT thin films for RF MEMS applications

In this article, we report on the successful demonstration of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film based MEMS devices for use in radio frequency (RF) systems. Both series and shunt switches operating at or below 10 V and 15 V, respectively, have been developed capable of operating over a wide temperature range. These switches have also been integrated into a 17 GHz, 2-bit reflection phase shifter with an average insertion loss of 2.96 dB. Along with switches and phase shifters, PZT based MEMS resonators show promise in the sub-GHz regime with demonstrated insertion loss values near ?12 dB and theoretical predictions approaching better than ?3 dB.
Morphologies of charged diblock copolymers simulated with a neutral coarse-grained model.

We present the results of coarse grained molecular dynamics simulation using a charge free model that is able to capture different regions of the morphological phase diagram of charged diblock copolymers. Specifically, we were able to reproduce many phases of the poly(acrylic acid)-(1,4)-polybutadiene (PAA-PBA) diblock copolymer, Ca2+ and water systems as a function of pH and calcium concentration with short-range LJ type potentials. The morphologies observed range from bilayers to cylinders to spherical micelles. Such polyanionic/cationic amphiphiles in water typically present multiple challenges for molecular simulations, particularly due to the many charge interactions that are long ranged and computationally costly. Further, it is precisely these interactions that are thought to modulate large amphiphile assemblies of interest such as lipid rafts. However, our model is able to reproduce different morphologies due to pH and with or without the addition of Ca2+ as well as the lateral phase segregation a...
Mean field theory for non-equilibrium quantum fields☆

Abstract An approximation technique is provided for studying the time development out of equilibrium of thermal quantum fields, when they experience isoentropic but energy-non-conserving evolution. We implement approximately a variational principle that yields the Liouville-von Neumann equation when implemented exactly. A Gaussian variational Ansatz is made for the density matrix and the approximate theory is a mean-field theory for non-equilibrium isoentropic processes.
Graphene as a counter electrode material for dye-sensitized solar cells

The dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) plays a leading role in third generation photovoltaic devices. Platinum-loaded conducting glass has been widely exploited as the standard counter electrode (CE) for DSSCs. However, the high cost and the rarity of platinum limits its practical application in DSSCs. This has promoted large interest in exploring Pt-free CEs for DSSCs. Very recently, graphene, which is an atomic planar sheet of hexagonally arrayed sp2 carbon atoms, has been demonstrated to be a promising CE material for DSSCs due to its excellent conductivity and high electrocatalytic activity. This article provides a mini review of graphene-based CEs for DSSCs. Firstly, the fabrication and performance of graphene film CE in DSSCs are discussed. Secondly, DSSC counter electrodes made from graphene-based composite materials are evaluated. Finally, a brief outlook is provided on the future development of graphene-based materials as prospective counter electrodes for DSSCs.
Estimating the proportion of post-myocardial infarction patients who may benefit from prophylactic implantable defibrillator placement from analysis of the CAST registry

We defined the proportion of post-myocardial infarction patients who would have been eligible for the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT) from a population of 94,797 patients with myocardial infarction entered into the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial Registry. From this large population, only between 0.3% to 1.7% would have met strict eligibility criteria for MADIT.
Global property violation detection and diagnosis for wireless sensor networks

Run-time error detection and deterministic off-line error replay have received wide attention in recent years as a technique to enhance the programmer's ability to find software errors. To apply this technique to wireless sensor networks (WSN), one must be able to deal with the severe constraint on the memory, the communication bandwidth and the energy source on the sensor motes and the highly dynamic and unpredictable operating environment. All these make it difficult for the application programmer to manually insert operations required for error detection and replay. This paper makes three contributions towards making error detection and replay automatic for WSNs: (i) a domain-specific language, called SensorC, for specifying WSN global properties that must be satisfied when the system and its application software are deployed; (ii) a method to automatically decompose such global properties into a set of local operations to detect global property violations, with the goal to minimize the communication traffic for state information exchanges; and (iii) a new program analysis to identify program sub-traces that can be skipped for replay without losing the accuracy of diagnosis. The proposed techniques, which are implemented in a compiler, are shown by experiments to successfully catch real WSN software errors and to substantially reduce message exchanges for run time error detection.
Logic programs with abstract constraint atoms: The role of computations

We provide a new perspective on the semantics of logic programs with arbitrary abstract constraints. To this end, we introduce several notions of computation. We use the results of computations to specify answer sets of programs with constraints. We present the rationale behind the classes of computations we consider, and discuss the relationships among them. We also discuss the relationships among the corresponding concepts of answer sets. One of those concepts has several compelling characterizations and properties, and we propose it as the correct generalization of the answer-set semantics to the case of programs with arbitrary constraints. We show that several other notions of an answer set proposed in the literature for programs with constraints can be obtained within our framework as the results of appropriately selected classes of computations.
Fracture Toughness of Advanced Structural Ceramics: Applying ASTM C1421

The three methods of determining the quasi-static Mode I fracture toughness (KIc) (surface crack in flexure—SC, single-edge precracked beam—PB, and chevron-notched beam—VB) found in ASTM C1421 were applied to a variety of advanced ceramic materials. All three methods produced valid and comparable KIc values for the Al2O3, SiC, Si3N4, and SiAlON ceramics examined. However, not all methods could successfully be applied to B4C, ZrO2, and WC ceramics due to a variety of material factors. The coarse-grained microstructure of one B4C hindered the ability to observe and measure the precracks generated in the SC and PB methods while the transformation toughening in the ZrO2 prevented the formation of the SC and PB precracks and thus made it impossible to use either method on this ceramic. The high strength and elastic modulus of the WC made it impossible to achieve stable crack growth using the VB method because the specimen stored a tremendous amount of energy prior to fracture. Even though these methods have passed the rigors of the standardization process there are still some issues to be resolved when the methods are applied to certain classes of ceramics. It is recommended that, when appropriate, at least two of these methods be employed to determine the KIc, especially when a new or unfamiliar ceramic is being evaluated.
Comparison of the nonstructural protein, NS3, of tick-borne and insect-borne orbiviruses

Abstract The complete nucleotide sequence of the smallest RNA segment (segment 10) of Broadhaven (BIRD) virus, a tickborne orbivirus, was determined from a full-length cDNA clone. The genome segment is 702 nucleotides in length and has a coding capacity for two proteins of either 205 or 199 amino acids, having net charges of +16.5 and +17.5, respectively, at neutral pH. Comparison of the sequence of RNA segment 10 of BIRD, bluetongue, African horse sickness, and Palyam viruses revealed amino acid homology of 20 to 30% between the four orbiviruses, with one conserved region of 40 to 50% homology which, in segment 10 of BIRD virus, is found between residues 26 and 71.
Pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance studies in sickled erythrocytes

Pulsed proton magnetic resonance studies were made to determine T1 (spin-lattice) and T2 (spin-spin) relaxation times for normal and sickled blood cells in the oxygenated and deoxygenated states as a function of temperature between 0°C and 37°C. It was found that the sickling phenomenon affects T2 values but not T1 values in these cells. These results are ascribed to a proton-exchange mechanism. The functional relationship found between T2 and temperature in the sickled cells is similar to that between the formation of hydrophobic bonds and temperature proposed by Nalbandian and Scheraga.
Extreme Financial Strain: Emergent Chores, Gender Inequality and Emotional Distress

This qualitative study examines the gendered division, and emotional effects, of household financial labor among severely indebted couples prior to filing consumer bankruptcy. Interviews with 19 newly bankrupt couples in Spokane, Washington, illustrate how, before bankruptcy, the peripheral and mundane chore of paying bills transforms into multiple arduous core chores: micro-management of money, debt collector negotiations, and researching and deciding to file bankruptcy. These newly emergent low-control chores are gendered and the wives’ responsibility. Gendering occurs for two reasons. Some women retain responsibility for emergent chores because husbands exhibit financial irresponsibility. Others request their husbands’ assistance, but the men refuse because the financial chores are upsetting or bothersome. Many wives who manage the newly emergent financial chores experience negative emotional effects.
STATISTICAL ISSUES RAISED BY TITLE IX REQUIREMENTS ON ADMISSION PROCEDURES1

The purpose of this paper is to discuss statistical issues raised by Title IX requirements on selection and admission procedures. Literature is reviewed which indicates that prediction systems used for selecting students into college do frequently differ for males and females. Usually women's criterion scores are underpredicted using regression equations developed from combined groups of males and females. Major field of study, sufficiency of the predictor battery, and systematic differences in male and female samples are discussed as possible reasons for differences in regression equations. It is concluded that admissions procedures that use a single regression equation developed from a combined male and female group may be unfair to female college applicants. Methods for investigating and minimizing unfair selection procedures are discussed.
Street slide: browsing street level imagery

Systems such as Google Street View and Bing Maps Streetside enable users to virtually visit cities by navigating between immersive 360° panoramas, or bubbles. The discrete moves from bubble to bubble enabled in these systems do not provide a good visual sense of a larger aggregate such as a whole city block. Multi-perspective "strip" panoramas can provide a visual summary of a city street but lack the full realism of immersive panoramas.We present Street Slide, which combines the best aspects of the immersive nature of bubbles with the overview provided by multi-perspective strip panoramas. We demonstrate a seamless transition between bubbles and multi-perspective panoramas. We also present a dynamic construction of the panoramas which overcomes many of the limitations of previous systems. As the user slides sideways, the multi-perspective panorama is constructed and rendered dynamically to simulate either a perspective or hyper-perspective view. This provides a strong sense of parallax, which adds to the immersion. We call this form of sliding sideways while looking at a street facade a street slide. Finally we integrate annotations and a mini-map within the user interface to provide geographic information as well additional affordances for navigation. We demonstrate our Street Slide system on a series of intersecting streets in an urban setting. We report the results of a user study, which shows that visual searching is greatly enhanced with the Street Slide interface over existing systems from Google and Bing.
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp. isolated from meat and fishery production in Korea

From February to October 2011, 209 samples of retail raw meat and fishery products were randomly obtained from 41 grocery stores in Korea and cultured for the presence of Enterococcus spp. Ninety-six enterococcal isolates were recovered from 76 samples, with contamination rates ranging from 18.5% in fishery product samples to 43.9% in chicken samples. Antimicrobial disk susceptibility testing was conducted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocol. The antibiotic resistance rates of the 96 enterococci isolates were as follows: tetracycline (TE) 77.1%; erythromycin (E) 50%; rifampin (RD) 44.8%; and vancomycin (VAN) 9.4%. Disk diffusion showed that 9 isolates were resistant to vancomycin. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was ≥32 μg/mL for all 9 isolates, and all were resistant to vancomycin. Among the 9 vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) identified, the vanA gene was carried by 1 Enterococcus durans strain and the vanB gene was carried by 2 Enterococcus faecium, and 1 Enterococcus hirae strains. Further genotyping of the VRE isolates using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed extensive heterogeneity. The VRE were recovered from various animal sources with a particularly high prevalence of E. faecium found in fishery products and chicken.
STUDIES ON THE LOCALIZATION, FUNCTION, AND FORMATION OF THE CAROTENOID PIGMENTS OF A STRAIN OF MYCOBACTBRIUM MARINUM

— Aninvestigation was made of the location, function and characteristics of production of carotenoid pigments of a strain of Mycobacterium marinum, an organism which produces its pigments only when exposed to light. It was found that light-grown cells of this organism contain only one pigment. The intracellular location of this pigment was found to be the cell envelope. The pigment was found to be capable of protecting the cells against lethal photo-oxidations mediated by the dye, toluidine blue. These studies also revealed that in dark-grown cells exposed to light, pigment production occurred after a short lag and then remained constant during logarithmic growth. Pigment was produced by starved cells, but to a lesser degree than son-starved cells; the addition of a carbon or nitrogen source to starved cells increased pigmentation to the level in non-starved cells. Pigmentation did not occur in the absence of oxygen. Cells exposed to light at 4°C were not pigmented immediately after exposure, but became so if incubated at 30°C. Production of pigment was found to obey the Bunsen-Roscoe reciprocity law. The determination of an action spectrum for the production of pigment indicates that maximum pigment productiion occurs in the vicinity of 410 and 439 mµ, with smaller maxima in the vicinity of 502, 528 and 560 mµ.
Effect of a Hybrid Peptide Derived from Platelet Type I and Type III Collagen Receptors on CHO-65 Cells

The function of the platelet collagen receptor, 65-kDa, specific for type I collagen (CI), in eukaryotic cells remains elusive. In order to examine the effect of posttranslational modification of the receptor, we have made a construct, which contains the 65-kDa cDNA ligated into pcDNA3 (eukaryotic expression vector) by using standard cloning methodologies. The construct was transfected into CHO (CHO-65) cells, which expressed the protein, detectable by immunoblots [using the anti-65kDa antibodies (65-Ab)], and flow cytometry confirmed expression on the cell surface. A binding assay was used to evaluate the interaction of the expressed protein with CI. A chemically synthesized hybrid peptide (cHyB) containing the active peptides derived from the platelet receptors for types I and III collagen (9 amino acids each with a linker of 10 amino acid residues) inhibited the binding of the 65-Ab and FITC-CI on the CHO-65 cells. These results suggest that the 65-kDa proteins play a role in the interaction with CI and could potentially lead to new therapeutic development for an anti-platelet agent.
Pathophysiology of the vascular wall: the role of nitric oxide in renal disease

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) is formed in the endothelium by the constitutive enzyme NO synthase from the substrate amino acid l -arginine. As an endogenous vasodilator it contributes to renal arteriolar tone and modulates relaxation of the mesangium, thus contributing to regulation of glomerular microcirculation. NO also plays a role in regulating renal sodium excretion and renin release. It has antiplatelet and antithrombogenic effects and thus helps prevent thrombosis within the glomerular capillaries. In sepsis and sepsis-related syndromes, NO has a renoprotective role in that it aids in maintaining renal vasodilation and inhibiting platelet adhesion and aggregation. More knowledge of these effects may lead to the design of therapeutic interventions for preventing glomerular injury.
SFAS 8 and information inductance: An experiment☆

Abstract Awareness of the potential economic consequences of accounting standards has increased in the accounting literature over the last several years. The effects on management behavior of accounting standards has been cited as one of the consequences. This paper reports the results of a controlled behavioral experiment which examined the effects on managerial actions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 8. An accounting variable and an organizational climate variable were manipulated as independent variables. The dependent variable involved a measure of tradeoff between cash flow consequences to the firm and bottom line (net income) effects to the firm. Results of the non-parametric tests performed indicate that managers will sacrifice cash flows in making decisions, if the bottom line effects are disadvantageous to their own position.
Blood, sweat, and tears: individual differences in autonomic self-perception.

This paper analyzes the role of autonomic activity and its perception in the experience and expression of emotion. A series of experiments is described in which an objective methodology for the assessment of heartbeats is developed and used to test a variety of hypotheses about the relationships among heartbeat perception, arousal, and emotion. The data indicate that there are substantial individual differences in the ability to learn to detect heartbeats. Primary among these individual differences is gender–males appear to learn the discrimination more readily than females. Further, when arousal is induced either by physical or psychological stimuli, accuracy of heartbeat detection is increased. The accuracy of heartbeat detection is also related to self-report of affective experience, and may be subserved by functions of the right cerebral hemisphere. The role of cardiodynamics in heartbeat perception is also discussed.
Analysis of two-mode network data using nonnegative matrix factorization

Abstract Nonnegative matrix factorization has been offered as a fast and effective method for analyzing nonnegative two-mode proximity data. The goal is to structurally represent a nonnegative proximity matrix as the product of two lower-dimensional nonnegative matrices. Goodness of fit is typically measured as the sum of the squared deviations between the observed matrix elements and the estimated elements yielded by the product of the matrix factors. The preservation of nonnegativity of the factors has been touted as a major practical advantage over comparable decomposition methods (e.g., principal component analysis, singular-value decomposition, spectral analysis) because of its propensity for a more coherent additive interpretation. We provide descriptions of the nonnegative matrix factorization model and a rescaled gradient descent algorithm for estimating the factors. A small numerical example is provided along with application to three network matrices from the empirical literature.
Spatiotemporal multiscan adaptive matched filtering

Detecting the presence of small weak targets in nonstationary clutter backgrounds is a fundamental problem in representative IR surveillance and tracking systems. In this paper, a system is proposed using spatiotemporal adaptive matched filtering to suppress the effects of clutter and enhance target detection. Shortfalls in conventional adaptive systems lead to a multiple parallel scanning approach to eliminate transients resulting from suboptimal filtering at clutter edges. Simulation results are provided which demonstrate that this approach provides substantially superior performance to a non-adaptive matched filter detection system design using global clutter statistics and, in some cases, can even achieve performance approximating that of an ideal fully-adaptive detector design from the complete statistical knowledge of the nonstationary clutter.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Determination of the intervalley X 6 --> Gamma 6 , L 6 scattering time and the density of states effective mass of the X 7 band in GaAs by picosecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopy

The dynamics of electrons in the X 6 valley for a GaAs crystal was measured by time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. An infrared picosecond probe pulse was used to monitor the growth and decay of the population in the X o valley subsequent to excitation by a 527 nm pump pulse. The intervalley X , F 6' L 6 scattering time was determined from the time evolution of electrons in the x 6 valley to be 700 500 fs by a rate equation analysis. The X 6-X absorption spectrum of GaAs was obtained by the time-resolved pump-JR-probe technique by varying the probe wavelength from 2.16 m to 3.9 m. It gives the energy gap between the minima of the X and X bands to be 0.345 eV, and the density of states effective mass for the X band to be 0.48 m
Der Vord're Orient: Colonialist Imagery In Popular Postwar German Schlager

L'A. retrace l'histoire recente du Schlager, genre de musique populaire allemande du XIXeme siecle, mettant en oeuvre une imagerie colonialiste, et s'interroge sur les raisons de son renouveau dans l'Allemagne d'apres-guerre. Comment le refoulement d'une responsabilite specifiquement allemande dans l'Holocauste, et la resurgence d'un fort sentiment xenophobe lie au processus d'europeanisation, sont-ils lies a la popularite des messages neo-coloniaux presents dans les chansons Schlager
Treprostinil to Reverse Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis as a Bridge to Single-Lung Transplantation

The available therapies and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis remain relatively poor, and concurrent pulmonary hypertension further increases the risk of death and complications after lung transplantation. Limited data exist for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. We describe a case where intravenous treprostinil was used to bridge an elderly patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with severe pulmonary hypertension to successful single-lung transplantation.
Microindentation of Coarse-Grained Polycrystalline α-Brass

Effects of the indent depth, the distance between the indent and the grain boundary, grain sizes, and crystallographic orientations on the microhardness of annealed coarse-grained polycrystalline α-brass were investigated using a Vickers indenter with indents much smaller than the α-brass grains (ranging from 80 μm to 550 μm). It is found that the microhardness of α-brass crystals shows a strong dependence on the indentation depth when it is smaller than 5 μm and a very weak dependence on both the distance between the indent and the grain boundary and the grain size when the indentation depth is about 5 μm and more. No significant dependence of the microhardness on the crystallographic orientations was observed in the fourteen grains of different orientations studied in this investigation.
Reactions at surfaces in the atmosphere: integration of experiments and theory as necessary (but not necessarily sufficient) for predicting the physical chemistry of aerosols

While particles have significant deleterious impacts on human health, visibility and climate, quantitative understanding of their formation, composition and fates remains problematic. Indeed, in many cases, even qualitative understanding is lacking. One area of particular uncertainty is the nature of particle surfaces and how this determines interactions with gases in the atmosphere, including water, which is important for cloud formation and properties. The focus in this Perspective article is on some chemistry relevant to airborne particles and especially to reactions occurring on their surfaces. The intent is not to provide a comprehensive review, but rather to highlight a few selected examples of interface chemistry involving inorganic and organic species that may be important in the lower atmosphere. This includes sea salt chemistry, nitrate and nitrite ion photochemistry, organics on surfaces and heterogeneous reactions of oxides of nitrogen on proxies for airborne mineral dust and boundary layer surfaces. Emphasis is on the molecular level understanding that can only be gained by fully integrating experiment and theory to elucidate these complex systems.
Spatialization and greater generosity in the stochastic Prisoner's Dilemma

Abstract The iterated Prisoner's Dilemma has become the standard model for the evolution of cooperative behavior within a community of egoistic agents, frequently cited for implications in both sociology and biology. Due primarily to the work of Axelrod (1980a, 1980b, 1984, 1985), a strategy of tit for tat (TFT) has established a reputation as being particularly robust. Nowak and Sigmund (1992) have shown, however, that in a world of stochastic error or imperfect communication, it is not TFT that finally triumphs in an ecological model based on population percentages (Axelrod and Hamilton 1981), but ‘generous tit for tat’ (GTFT), which repays cooperation with a probability of cooperation approaching 1 but forgives defection with a probability of 1 3 . In this paper, we consider a spatialized instantiation of the stochastic Prisoner's Dilemma, using two-dimensional cellular automata (Wolfram, 1984, 1986; Gutowitz, 1990) to model the spatial dynamics of populations of competing strategies. The surprising result is that in the spatial model it is not GTFT but still more generous strategies that are favored. The optimal strategy within this spatial ecology appears to be a form of ‘bending over backwards’, which returns cooperation for defection with a probability of 2 3 — a rate twice as generous as GTFT.