cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 674: The lysine demethylase KDM1 is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of gliomas.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Glioma development is a multistep process, involving alterations in genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms and enzymes that promote epigenetic changes in gliomas are urgently needed to identify novel therapeutic targets. In the present study we explored the significance of histone demethylase KDM1 in glioma progression. In order to know the status of expression of KDM1, we utilized glioma tissue microarrays which consist of different grades of astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, ependymomas and normal brain tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that KDM1 expression is overexpressed in the gliomas compared to normal brain, and KDM1 expression levels were positively correlated with histological malignancy. KDM1 expression was also found to be elevated in various established glioma cell lines. To study the functional significance of KDM1 in gliomas, KDM1 expression was silenced using siRNA or its pharmacological inhibition using pargyline or NCL-1. Silencing of KDM1 or inhibition of its enzyme activity significantly reduced the proliferation and colony formation of glioma cells. Mechanistic studies showed that inhibition of KDM1 promoted the acetylation of p53 and up regulation of its target genes p21 and PUMA. Patient-derived primary GBM cells expressed high levels of KDM1 and pharmacological inhibition of KDM1 decreased their proliferation. Further, KDM1 inhibition reduced the expression of stemness markers CD133 and nestin in GBM cells. Mouse xenograft assays revealed that inhibition of KDM1 using pargyline significantly reduced U87 glioma xenograft tumor growth. Inhibition of KDM1 increased levels of H3K4-me2 and H3K9-Ac histone modifications, reduced H3K9-me2 modification and promoted expression of p53 target genes (p21 and PUMA), leading to apoptosis of glioma xenograft tumors. Our results suggest that KDM1 is overexpressed in gliomas and could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of gliomas. Citation Format: Gangadhara R. Sareddy, Sandeep Saran, Binoj C. Nair, Samaya R. Krishnan, Vijay K. Gonugunta, Andrew J. Brenner, Ratna K. Vadlamudi. The lysine demethylase KDM1 is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of gliomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 674. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-674
Acoustic interference with redundant elements

The acoustic similarity and neutrality of letters was varied as response prefixes and stimulus suffixes and as members of a memory series in an immediate memory task. Each of 32 Ss vocalized 160 visually presented lists composed of randomly selected letters from an acoustically similar subset (BCDGPTVZ) and a neutral subset (HJLNRXQY), followed by ordered vocal recall. Half the Ss received each letter from the acoustically similar subset five times as a redundant element (additional letter) in a response prefix, a stimulus suffix, and a modified stimulus suffix condition, while the other half correspondingly received letters from the neutral subset. Predictions based on retroactive interference explanations of the similarity of the redundant letters to members of a memory series failed to be supported. In addition, the extent to which a stimulus suffix interferes with the final items in a series is independent of the spatial separation of that suffix.
Role of hydrogen peroxide in ACh-induced dilation of human submucosal intestinal microvessels.

The endothelium plays an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis by synthesizing and releasing several mediators of vasodilation, which include prostacyclin (PGI2), nitric oxide, and end...
Occurrence and characteristics of chronic pain in a community-based cohort of indigent adults living with HIV infection.

Abstract Pain is common among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), but little is known about chronic pain in socioeconomically disadvantaged HIV-infected populations with high rates of substance abuse in the postantiretroviral era. This cross-sectional study describes the occurrence and characteristics of pain in a community-based cohort of 296 indigent PLWHA. Participants completed questionnaires about sociodemographics, substance use, depression, and pain. Cut-point analysis was used to generate categories of pain severity. Of the 270 participants who reported pain or the use of a pain medication in the past week, 8.2% had mild pain, 38.1% had moderate pain, and 53.7% had severe pain. Female sex and less education were associated with more severe pain. Depression was more common among participants with severe pain than among those with mild pain. Increasing pain severity was associated with daily pain and with chronic pain. Over half of the participants reported having a prescription for an opioid analgesic. Findings from this study suggest that chronic pain is a significant problem in this high risk, socioeconomically disadvantaged group of patients with HIV disease and high rates of previous or concurrent use of illicit drugs. Perspective This article presents epidemiological data showing that unrelieved chronic pain is a significant problem for indigent people living with HIV. Participants reported pain severity similar to those with metastatic cancer. Despite high rates of substance use disorders, approximately half received prescriptions for opioid analgesics, although few for long-acting agents.
ERP Usage in Practice: An Empirical Investigation

This study presents the results of an exploratory study of Fortune 1000 firms and their enterprise resource planning ERP usage, as well as benefits and changes they have realized from ERP. The study empirically examines ERP in these organizations to provide insight into various aspects that firms can use to evaluate how they are managing their ERP systems. Findings provide information about functionality implemented, extent to which benefits are realized, extent of ERP-related organizational changes firms have realized, and the way firms measure ERP success. The study also addresses the extent to which various types of ERP software have been implemented and whether there is a relationship between type of software and benefits. Finally, it examines ERP-enabled change in light of organizational configuration.
Detecting deception is not as easy as it looks

This exercise allows students to experience the difference between cues for perceived and actual deception. Students viewed classmates telling the truth and lying. Students' judgments indicated that deception detection was accurate less than 50% of the time. This discovery allowed for an in-depth discussion of deception, detection, and nonverbal communication.
Emerging trends in precision fabrication of microapertures to support suspended lipid membranes for sensors, sequencing, and beyond

Suspended lipid membranes, also called black lipid membranes (BLMs), are an important model system that approximates the lipid bilayer environment of cell membranes. Increasingly, BLMs are utilized in sensing strategies that harness high sensitivity measurements of ion flux across the membrane, typically facilitated by ion channel proteins. BLMs are suspended across microapertures that connect two otherwise isolated fluidic compartments, and the precision fabrication of such microapertures can contribute to the stability and performance of the resulting BLM. Here, we highlight two emerging trends in the precision fabrication of microapertures for BLM formation: microfabrication in silicon-based thin film substrates, and microfabrication in the negative photoresist material SU-8. Four unique fabrication strategies are outlined, and we project the impact that these microfabrication strategies will have for BLM-integrated bioanalytical technologies.
Does occupational exposure to silica cause lung cancer

Silica is not generally considered to be a carcinogen, however, occupations characterized by high exposure to crystalline silica have excessive rates of lung cancer mortality. Respiratory cancer excesses have been reported from North America and from Europe for the following dusty trades in which exposure to silica is a common factor: iron and steel foundry workers, steel casting workers, sand blasters, metal molders, non-uranium miners, and ceramic workers. These findings have been reinforced by two reports from the Swedish Pneumoconiosis Register and the Ontario Ministry of Labor indicating that silicotics have statistically significant risks of lung cancer mortality. Animal studies suggest that silica can be an initiating carcinogen or can act as a cocarcinogen or promoter when combined with benzo(a)pyrene. We propose three candidate hypotheses and two pathways for silicocarcinogenesis.
Assembling, calibrating and testing a phased array in two separate halves

A phased array was recently assembled, calibrated and tested in two separate halves due to test facility limitations. This unique method has many advantages for future phased array production as it allows arrays of any size to be calibrated and tested to a very high accuracy, which results in decreased sidelobe level, beam pointing error, and increased directivity. This technique takes a major step toward removing limitations on the size of phased arrays that can be characterized in a Near-Field Range (NFR). Many issues needed to be considered since full array performance had to be characterized before the two halves were married together. The major topics that this paper explores are a pattern summation algorithm, whether or not dummy elements are necessary during testing, and both electrical and mechanical misalignment of the two halves.
Which Minority is Appeased? Coalition Potential and Redistribution in Latvia and Ukraine

Abstract This article tests fiscal appeasement, needs-based and coalition potential hypotheses for redistribution in post-Soviet Latvia and Ukraine. I argue that the government's decision to reward a minority population depends on the coalition potential of minority parties and voters. In Latvia, the non-participation of minority parties in governing coalitions means that the distribution of spoils among coalition partners does not benefit the regions in which Russian speakers live. In Ukraine, on the other hand, voters and parties in western Ukraine have been sought out by Russian-speaking politicians from eastern Ukraine, and the districts of western Ukraine received preferential treatment as a result.
Bonding adhesive joints with radio-frequency dielectric heating

Abstract The feasibility of using radio-frequency (RF) dielectric heating to cure thermoset adhesives has been evaluated. Thermoset and thermoplastic polymer panels have been bonded to steel using conventional one-and two-part epoxy and two-part urethane adhesives. Process cycle times for adhesive cure using RF heating were about 20 to 60 seconds, compared with about 20 to 30 minutes for the same materials using conventional oven-cure methods. Thermoset substrates bonded included glass fibre-reinforced composite panels based on sheet moulding compound (SMC) and resin transfer moulding styrene-vinylester (RTM). Thermoplastics such as polycarbonate, polyarylate, Noryl, ABS and polymethylmethacrylate were also successfully bonded. RF bonding experiments were performed by preparing and testing lap-shear joints as well as by joining a large test structure with a 25 mm x 1.25 m bondline. Bonding of painted steel to SMC composite, SMC to SMC and steel to RTM composite were also accomplished using the RF dielectric heating process.
Beyond Hope: Some Other Notable Diamonds at the Smithsonian Institution—Part 1

Figure 1. The 127.01-carat Portuguese Diamond. Figure 2. The Portuguese Diamond fluorescing under longwave ultraviolet light. Photos by Chip Clark, courtesy Smithsonian Institution The National Gem...
Susceptibility-weighted imaging and computed tomography perfusion abnormalities in diagnosis of classic migraine

For the radiologist in the emergency department setting, the accurate diagnosis of acute neurologic change can be challenging—an incorrect or delayed diagnosis can lead to poor outcomes for the patient and potential medicolegal jeopardy. Conditions such as stroke, seizure, and infection are often first considered, as failure to promptly treat these entities can result in high morbidity or mortality. Migraine with aura is associated with neurologic change, most often visual in nature, including scotomas, visual field deficits, and visual hallucinations. However, any neurologic change can occur, including motor, sensory, or verbal deficits, which may mimic signs and symptoms of an acute stroke As neuroimaging is a part of the diagnostic and treatment decision-making process, the radiologist must be aware of the wide range of imaging findings of both common and uncommon etiologies for changes in neurologic status. In this paper, we present a case of an atypical presentation of migraine with aura diagnosed with susceptibility-weighted imaging and computed tomography perfusion.
Prevalence, trends, and outcomes of chronic hypertension: a nationwide sample of delivery admissions.

Objective We sought to define the prevalence, trends, and outcomes of primary and secondary chronic hypertension in a population-based sample of deliveries. Study Design An estimated 56,494,634 deliveries were identified from the 1995 through 2008 Nationwide Inpatient Sample. The association of primary and secondary chronic hypertension with adverse fetal and maternal outcomes was evaluated using regression modeling and adjusted population-attributable fractions were calculated. Results During the study period, the prevalence of primary and secondary hypertension increased from 0.90% in 1995 through 1996 to 1.52% in 2007 through 2008 ( P for trend P for trend Conclusion Primary and secondary chronic hypertension were both strongly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and accounted for a substantial fraction of maternal morbidity. Prioritizing research efforts in this area is needed.
"Cryptic" direct benefits of mate choice: choosy females experience reduced predation risk while in precopula

Despite the central role that female mate choice plays in the production of biological diversity, controversy remains concerning its evolution and maintenance. This is particularly true in systems where females are choosy but do not receive obvious direct benefits such as nuptial gifts that increase a female's survival and fecundity. In the absence of such direct benefits, indirect benefits (i.e., the production of superior offspring) are often invoked to explain the evolution of mate choice. However, females may receive less obvious, or "cryptic," direct benefits, particularly in species with prolonged pre-mating interactions (e.g., precopulatory mate guarding). We assessed the “cryptic” direct benefits of female choice for large male size in two species of freshwater amphipods that do not receive obvious direct benefits. Females paired with large males experienced decreased predation from fish. However, we found that the size of a female’s mate did not affect her predation risk against predatory dragonflies or the harassment she received by single males while paired. Our results demonstrate that even when females receive no traditional direct benefits, female choice for large male size can still provide important direct benefits. Such “cryptic” direct benefits may be common, especially in species with prolonged mating interactions, and are likely important for fully understanding the evolution of mate choice.
Eulerian constitutive model for finite deformation plasticity with anisotropic hardening

Abstract A constitutive model is presented for finite strain plasticity. The model incorporates both isotropic and kinematic hardening of the Ziegler type. The corotational rate used here is in line with the theory suggested by Paulun and Pecherski (1985) but not necessarily confined to the von Mises type yield criterion and the Prager hardening rule. The aspect of integration of the corotational rates is also discussed here. The use of the integration of the material rate of tensors with time as a substitute for the proper integration with time of corotational rates leads to mathematical inconsistencies of the theory of Lie derivatives. The problem of simple shear is investigated and compared with other works.
Substructures and recrystallization of deformed (100)[001]-oriented crystals of high-purity silicon-iron

Abstract (100)[001]-oriented crystals of high-purity 3% silicon-iron were rolled to reductions of 10–90 per cent of thickness and annealed. The substructures of the deformed crystals, before and after annealing, were observed by transmission electron microscopy. At low reductions (10–20 per cent), the substructure consists of cells, 0.2–0.3 μ in diameter. With further reduction to 50 per cent, the cells elongate in the rolling direction and the crystal reorients to form two major texture components contained within deformation bands. The major components are related to the initial orientation of the single crystal by rotations about an axis normal to the (100) or rolling plane. With heavier reductions, the elongated cells evolve into sub-bands, 0.2–0.3 μ wide, separated by low-angle tilt boundaries. Groups of sub-bands form “transition bands” which separate the deformation bands and across which the change in orientation from one deformation band to the next is accomplished. When annealed, the low-angle boundaries become more perfect tilt boundaries. Migration of portions of the tilt boundaries across successive adjacent sub-bands leads to formation of recrystallization nuclei. The nuclei have the same orientation as the orientation of the sub-band from which they originate.
Comments on the relations between auditory fatigue and iris pigmentation.

It has been reported that subjects with highly pigmented irises (brown) experience significantly less temporary threshold shift (TTS) than subjects with less pigmented irises (blue), and that those with green-gray pigmentation display intermediate amounts of TTS. Tota and Bocci noted the high correlation between the melanin content in the stria vascularis and that found in the pigmentation of the iris; they attributed their TTS differences across eye colour to the protective effects of melanin. TTS data are reported in this paper as a function of eye colour for exposure stimulus parameters almost identical to those used by Tota and Bocci (1 000 Hz at 110 dB SPL for 3 min). The present results do not support the hypothesis that individuals with highly pigmented irises (brown-eyed) are more resistant to auditory fatigue than those with less pigmentation of the iris (blue-eyed). Median TTS at 20 sec post-exposure among brown, green-gray, and blue iris categories did not differ by more than 1.8 dB, and the me...
Effects of blood flow on [11C]raclopride binding in the brain : model simulations and kinetic analysis of PET data

To assess the stability of different measures of receptor occupancy from [11C]raclopride (a D2 antagonist) studies with positron emission tomography, we analyze data from five test/retest studies in normal volunteers in terms of individual model parameters from a three-compartment model, the distribution volume (DV) and the ratio of DVs from a receptor-containing region of interest to a non-receptor-containing region. Large variations were found in the individual model parameters, limiting their usefulness as an indicator of change in receptor systems. The DV ratio showed the smallest variation. Individual differences were reflected in the greater intersubject variation in DV than intrasubject variation. The potential effects of blood flow on these measurements were addressed both experimentally and by simulation studies using three models that explicitly incorporate blood flow into a compartmental model that also includes receptor-ligand binding. None of the models showed any variation in the DV with changes in blood flow as long as flow was held constant during the simulation. Experimentally, blood flow was significantly reduced by hyperventilation in a human subject. The DV was found to be reduced relative to baseline in the hyperventilation study, but the DV ratio remained unchanged. The effect of elevated and reduced flow was also tested in two baboon experiments in which PCO2 was varied. Some variability in the DV ratio was observed but was not correlated with changes in blood flow. This raises the possibility that other factors indirectly related to changes in blood flow (or PCO2) may cause changes in DV, and these effects need to be considered when evaluating experimental results.
Evidence of the phase transition of the compact U(1) lattice gauge theory from a variational calculation

Abstract A variational estimate of the vacuum of the compact U(1) lattice gauge theory in three and two spatial dimensions is described. The trial wave function is gauge invariant and periodic, and incorporates correlations between the fields on different plaquettes. The variational estimate undergoes a discontinuous transition at a critical value of the coupling constant in three dimensions, but is continuous in two dimensions. This is interpreted as evidence of the phase transition of the three-dimensional gauge theory.
Specialized nucleoprotein structures at the origin of replication of bacteriophage lambda: complexes with lambda O protein and with lambda O, lambda P, and Escherichia coli DnaB proteins

Abstract The O protein of bacteriophage lambda is required for initiation of DNA replication at the lambda replicative origin designated ori lambda. The binding sites for O protein are four direct repeats, each of which is an inverted repeat. By means of electron microscopy, we have found that phage lambda O protein utilizes these multiple binding sites to form a specific nucleoprotein structure in which the origin DNA is inferred to be folded or wound. The phage lambda O and P proteins and host DnaB protein interact at ori lambda to generate a larger structure than that formed by O protein alone; P and DnaB proteins fail to form any observable complex when O protein is excluded from the reaction mixture. We conclude that the specialized nucleoprotein structure formed by phage lambda O protein and ori lambda provides for localized initiation of DNA replication by serving as the foundation for the assembly of the initial priming structure. Specialized nucleoprotein structures may be a general means to confer exceptional accuracy on DNA transactions requiring extraordinary precision.
The absorption of trapped particles by the inner satellites of jupiter and the radial diffusion coefficient of particle transport

The process of trapped particle absorption by the inner Jovian satellites is considered in detail taking into account both the particle and satellite motions in a magnetic dipole field which is displaced from the center of the planet and tilted with respect to the planetary rotation axis. An expression is derived for computing the sweeping time at a given satellite, defined as the time required for the satellite to sweep up a given fraction of the trapped particles within its sweeping region. By making use of the sweeping time and the radial diffusion equation of particle transport approximate expressions for the diffusion coefficient are derived. Measurements obtained by Pioneer 10 are then used to obtain estimates of the diffusion coefficient at the orbits of Io and Europa. We find that the diffusion coefficient is a function of energy and magnetic latitude for electrons in the energy range 0.7-14 MeV.
A multipreceptor approach to ambulatory care topic discussions.

Objective. To assess the impact of a multipreceptor approach to facilitating topic discussions on students' knowledge and confidence in clinical decision-making during an ambulatory care advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs).Design. Faculty members with relevant expertise and experience facilitated discussions with fourth-year doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students regarding 7 ambulatory care topics. A student self-assessment survey and knowledge-assessment instrument was administered before and after discussions.Assessment. Students' examination scores increased significantly from 59.1% ± 13.9% at baseline to 76.5% ± 12.6% at the end of the 5-week experience (p<0.001). The majority of participants were comfortable making therapeutic decisions regarding medication use as it related to all discussion topics except heart failure.Conclusions. Participation in topic discussions led by faculty members with expertise and experience for each ambulatory care topic was associated with a significant improvem...
Development of a diatom index of biotic integrity for acid mine drainage impacted streams

Abstract Acid mine drainage (AMD) resulting from extensive coal mining throughout Appalachia since the 1800s has caused a legacy of severe acid and dissolved metal loads to thousands of stream miles, which has critically impacted aquatic life and ecological attributes. Relationships of diatoms and macroinvertebrates with AMD have been established, but no index specifically designed to quantify AMD impacts using diatoms has been created, nor have the response of multiple organism groups been compared for their utility as indices assessing AMD severity. For the purpose of developing an effective assessment and management strategy for AMD impacted streams, this study created and tested a multi-metric AMD-diatom index of biotic integrity (AMD-DIBI) and compared its response to AMD severity with an already established multi-metric macroinvertebrate community index (ICI). In 2006, 41 sites in southeast Ohio were sampled that represented an AMD impact gradient and non-AMD impacted reference sites. Metrics comprising the AMD-DIBI were selected based on their responsiveness to AMD and nutrient impacts. In the following year, the AMD-DIBI and its metrics were tested on a validation dataset consisting of 18 sites in an AMD impacted watershed. Results indicated a significant correlation between AMD-DIBI and ICI scores, and both indices and all metrics were strongly correlated with water chemistry variables indicative of AMD pollution ( P r 2 = 0.70) and ICI scores (adjusted r 2 = 0.66). Narrative classes (e.g., Poor, Fair, Good, and Excellent) defined by index scores provided effective classifications of AMD severity. When tested on the watershed scale, AMD-DIBI and its metrics very successfully quantified AMD gradients and coal mining impacts as indicated by canonical correspondence analysis. This newly developed AMD-DIBI will be very useful for assessing impairment, sensitivity, and recovery of diatom communities in streams damaged or threatened by coal mining activities. In addition, because the AMD-DIBI was very responsive to a gradient of AMD pollution, it could be used in future studies measuring the long-term status of streams and effectiveness of various remediation methods. This study highlights the responsive power of diatom-based metrics.
One dimensional modelling of failure in laminated plates by delamination buckling

When low speed objects impact composite laminated plates delamination may result. Under inplane compression such delaminations may buckle and tend to enlarge the delaminated area which can lead to loss of global plate stability. This process is modelled here in a first attempt by a delaminating beam-column wherein the local delamination growth, stability and arrest are governed by a fracture mechanics-based energy release rate criterion.
Performance enhancement of bridge infrastructure systems: Long-span bridge, moving trucks and wind with tuned mass dampers

A long-span bridge infrastructure system (BIS) consists of a long-span bridge, traffic on the bridge, and a natural environment, such as wind. As a type of slender structure, long-span bridges usually experience strong dynamic vibration under both wind and busy traffic loadings, which act on the bridge simultaneously most of the time. However, just like traditional long-span bridge dynamic analyses, existing structural control studies of a long-span bridge usually consider either only wind loading or moving vehicles, but not both at the same time. In addition to causing the bridge to vibrate, a strong crosswind on the bridge deck also endangers the stability of moving vehicles on the bridge. An integrated analytical model was thus developed for a long-span bridge, with moving vehicles under windy conditions, to which is attached tuned mass dampers (TMDs). Since TMD control shares similar fundamental mechanisms with many other structural control measures, the proposed analytical model based on TMD control can also be used for various control studies of long-span bridges as well as with vehicles as a coupled system. First, with this framework considering the vehicles, wind, the bridge and the control system integrally, the structural control of long-span bridges can be designed and evaluated on a more realistic basis; second, the performance of the bridge-vehicle system with tuned mass dampers under windy conditions is parametrically studied for several different control schemes such as when TMDs are installed on the bridge, on a truck and on both; finally some observations of the coupled control system are discussed and the feasibility of developing a temporary control measure to protect unloaded or partially-loaded high-sided trucks from rollover accidents in windy conditions is studied.
Scanning tunneling microscopy. II. Calculation of images of atomic and molecular adsorbates.

A theory of the scanning-tunneling-microscopy (STM) current of adsorbates with focus on effects of coherence in electron motion in the STM junction has been developed in the preceding paper [Phys. Rev. B 51, 11 074 (1995)]. That theory is illustrated through an application to the computation of several realistic STM images. The tip, the substrate, and the adsorbate are treated as finite clusters of atoms. Extended H\"uckel theory is used to calculate the STM current. The substrate used is Au (111). Images that can be compared directly with experimental observations are constructed for the bare Au (111) surface as well as for atomic and molecular adsorbates. The atomic adsorbates treated are Au, Na, H, C, and O. The molecular adsorbates treated are ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, CO, and benzene. A comparison is made with observations reported in the literature and agreement with a number of features is found. Our calculated images suggest that observations of giant corrugation in STM of metals might be arising from nonperturbative electron transport between localized surface states. Nontopographical artifacts due to adsorbates and the dependence of the image on the tip-sample separation are discussed.
One-hundred ten feminine and masculine boys: Behavioral contrasts and demographic similarities

A longitudinal research project on atypical and typical psychosexual development in male children has been ongoing for 7 years. During this period, 60 boys, referred in consequence of extensive cross-gender behavior, and these boys' parents have been evaluated. Fifty of the families have been demographically matched with families in which the boy shows typical gender-role behavior. The rationale behind the study rests on the retrospectively recalled childhood behaviors of adult males with an atypical sexual identity. The majority of transsexuals, transvestites, and homosexually-oriented adult males recall their childhood as characterized by a preference for the clothes, toys, games, and companionship of girls and, in the case of transsexuals, the wish to be a girl (Benjamin, 1966; Stoller, 1968; Green and Money, 1969; Saghir and Robins, 1973; Green, 1974; Prince and Bentler, 1972). None of these studies was prospective, raising the question of validity of the recalled data. The research design described here utilizes a sample of males behaving in the way these atypical adults recall from their boyhoods plus a contrast sample whose behavior is like that recalled by most sexually typical adult males. Cfinical interviews of a sampling of the feminine boys and behavioral descriptions of the boys provided by their parents have been reported (Green, 1974). Until now, there has been no reporting of the demographic characteristics
A device to aid in examining the brain and meninges of deer for helminth parasites.

A vise-like apparatus consisting of movable plates with “teeth”, which can be clamped to a table top, has been found to be of value as an aid in securing the heads of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) for examination for meningeal worms (Pneumostrongylus tenuis). This apparatus also has been valuable as an adjunct to necropsy procedures when studying various types of cranial injuries, cerebral abscesses, and for examining the turbinates for nasal bots (Cephenemyia phobifera).
Thin Layer Scintillation Counting in Drug-Receptor Binding

Abstract Thin Layer Scintillation Counting (TLSC) is a new approach to ligand binding and transport assays. It uses a thin layer of scintillant to coat the radioactivity trapped on the filter, instead of placing the filter in bulk scintillant as is done in conventional Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC). It saves on time, labor and cost and addresses better the problem of radioactive waste disposal. The methodology is described and compared to conventional LSC using examples of binding of drugs to brain membranes and uptake into synaptosomes. 1Current address: School of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Occupational prestige and the 1980 U.S. labor force

Abstract Between 1970 and 1980, there was a large increase in the proportion of female workers, a modest decline in occupational sex segregation, and radical changes in the sex composition of particular occupations. In this paper, we investigate whether or not these changes have been accompanied by changes in the occupational prestige characteristics of male vis-a-vis female workers in the U.S. labor force. Because the U.S. census bureau changed its occupational coding scheme between 1970 and 1980, we first reconcile the occupational prestige measures available for 1970 occupational codes with 1980 occupational codes. The results show that occupations dominated by women largely remain confined to the lower two-thirds of the occupational prestige hierarchy. However, because of the tendency of women to be employed in the more prestigious of the female-dominated occupations and men to be employed in the less prestigious of the male-dominated occupations, the prestige characteristics of men and women in the 1980 labor force are almost equivalent.
The genetics of adaptation in Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila sechellia is an island endemic of the Seychelles. After its geographic isolation on these islands, D. sechellia evolved into a host specialist on the fruit of Morinda citrifolia – a fruit often noxious and repulsive to Drosophila. Specialization on M. citrifolia required the evolution of a suite of adaptations, including resistance to and preference for some of the toxins found in this fruit. Several of these adaptive traits have been studied genetically. Here, I summarize what is known about the genetics of these traits and briefly describe the ecological and geographical context that shaped the evolution of these characters. The data from D. sechellia suggest that adaptations are not as genetically complex as historically thought, although almost all of the adaptations of D. sechellia involve several genes.
Effect of Nitrate Level in Nutrient Solutions on Growth and Nitrate Accumulation in Two Plum Clones

Summary Marianna 2624 (Prunus cerasifera EHRH. × P. munsoniana Wight and Hedr.) and Myrobolan 3-J (P. cerasifera) plum were grown in aerated nutrient solutions to study the relationship between nitrate level and vegetative growth. Shoot-to-root ratios increased in Marianna 2624 and Myrobolan 3-J by 2 and 3.5 times, respectively, as the nitrate concentration of the nutrient solution was raised from 0.25 to 2 mM. The number of lateral shoots on Myrobolan 3-J plants increased significantly at increasing nitrate concentrations, but release of lateral buds from correlative inhibition was not apparent among Marianna 2624 plants. Leaf production and total leaf area also increased significantly as Myrobolan 3-J plants were exposed to 0.75 mM or 2 mM nitrate. The failure of Marianna 2624 plants to respond similarly at higher nitrate levels may be due to a more limited capacity for nitrate assimilation. This interpretation is based on significantly higher concentrations of nitrate in Marianna 2624 roots and foliage than in those organs of Myrobolan 3-J plants.
Spectrum of esophageal disorders in children with chest pain.

The charts of 83 children with chest pain who underwent esophageal manometry followed by esophagogastroscopy were reviewed. Forty-seven (57%) had normal esophageal histology and normal motility (group I). Esophagitis and normal motility were demonstrated in 15 children (group II), normal esophageal histology and esophageal dysmotility in 13 (group III), and both esophagitis and abnormal motility in 8 (group IV). Diffuse esophageal spasm and achalasia were the most common motility disorders identified (in seven and four patients, respectively). The presence and duration of symptoms, the age, and the gender were not different among the four patient groups. After six months of H2-receptor blockade, 12 of 15 group II patients were asymptomatic, whereas a significantly smaller percentage (five of 18) of patients with abnormal esophageal motility responded to esophageal dilation or treatment with calcium channel blockade, H2-receptor antagonist, and/or prokinetic agents (P<0.01). These data suggest that the evaluation of children with chest pain should include esophageal motility testing and esophagoscopy, even in the absence of other gastrointestinal-associated symptoms, and that while treatment of esophagitis results in resolution of symptoms, motility disorders were relatively refractory to therapy.
UV-Curable, High-Shear Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives Derived from Acrylated Epoxidized Soybean Oil

Several oleo-based pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA) were studied as substitutes for current petroleum-based PSAs; however, PSAs derived from plant oils present challenges, such as relatively low biobased contents (20–90%) and complex processes (i.e., purifying, emulsifying, and drying steps). This paper demonstrates the possibility of transparent PSAs from neat acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) via fast and simple UV free-radical polymerization with 97–100% biobased contents. In this study, we controlled the degree of free radical polymerization by modulating the amount of UV irradiation to obtain a balanced cohesion and adhesion strength for PSA applications. This AESO PSA tape on a polyester film carrier had better peel and significantly higher shear strength on glass surfaces compared with a commercial reusable tape (Post-it®, 3M, St. Paul, MN, USA). The adhesion of the AESO PSA corresponded to its dynamic rheological properties. In addition, the adhesion/cohesion behavior of the PSAs was chara...
A candidate for the permeability pathway of the outer mitochondrial membrane

UNLIKE most other membranes, the outer mitochondrial membrane seems to be freely permeable to various small molecules and has therefore been called ‘leaky’. The intactness of this membrane is demonstrated by observations1–4 which show it to be impermeable to large polymers. This ‘sieving’ property is consistent with the presence of size-selecting units such as channels. Parsons and co-workers5,6 have published electron micrographs showing what looked like channels in the outer membrane of mitochondria (particularly those from plants), and recent X-ray diffraction studies by Mannella and Bonner7 have confirmed the existence of structures of similar dimensions to those seen in the electron micrographs. I now report the extraction of channel-forming material from the outer membrane of rat liver mitochondria. This material has properties which are essentially identical with those reported previously8 for voltage-dependent anion-selective channels (VDAC) from mitochondria of Paramecium. VDAC could be responsible for the permeability of the outer membrane to small molecules and may be involved in regulating mitochondrial metabolism.
A long term calibration and verification of a submerged aquatic vegetation model for Lake Okeechobee

Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) has multiple functions in Lake Okeechobee. It provides critical habitat for fish and wildlife, stabilizes sediments, reduces phosphorus (P) concentration in the water column by preventing re-suspension of P-rich sediments, and provides a substrate for attached algae, which also helps to remove P from the water column. Ten year water quality and SAV growth simulations are presented and compared with observed SAV and water quality data collected in the nearshore zone in Lake Okeechobee. The SAV theory and approach used in the LOEM are modified from the Chesapeake Bay model and incorporate three state variables: shoots (above the bed sediment), roots (in the bed sediment), and epiphytes (attached to the shoots). The SAV model has direct linkages with the water quality model, including (1) a link between the growth and decay of SAV and the nutrient pool of the water quality model; (2) a link between the photosynthesis and respiration of SAV and dissolved oxygen dynamics, and (3) the ways in which settling of particulate organic matter and nutrient uptake affect nutrient levels in the water column and in the sediment bed. Total suspended solids affect light attenuation and are another major driving factor for SAV growth in the nearshore and littoral zone area. The model performs reasonably well in reproducing the spatial distribution of SAV. The theoretical analysis and model sensitivity tests indicate that SAV growth is primarily controlled by light and nutrients. The light available for SAV growth depends on the water depth and the turbidity. In this full scale simulation, the water depth comes from the LOEM hydrodynamic model, and the turbidity depends on the suspended sediment concentration and algal concentration.
Epididymal protein synthesis and secretion in strains of mice bearing single gene mutations which affect fertility

Mice bearing gene mutations that, among other effects, render the males infertile were examined. Serum testosterone was within the normal range (0.8-1.8 ng/ml), and sperm numbers in the testis and epididymis were not different between mutant animals and coisogenic wild types. All mutants, except mocha and achondroplasia, displayed normal mating behavior. However, in all genotypes, fewer fertilized eggs were recovered from females mated by mutants. In vitro fertilization tests showed that all mutants--except bouncy--fertilized similar numbers of eggs to wild types. Spermatozoa from bouncy mutants also bound to eggs in lower numbers. These findings indicate that spermatozoa from the bouncy mutant have a severe defect in sperm-zona interaction. When bouncy spermatozoa were tested for sperm-vitelline membrane interaction at a low (10:1) sperm to egg ratio, they penetrated fewer zona-free hamster eggs. Epididymal protein synthesis and secretion were comparable between wild-type animals from all genotypes. However, while the regional pattern of protein synthesis was comparable among all mutants, the absolute rate of protein synthesis (cpm per mg tissue) was lower in some cases. Nevertheless, the proportion of the proteins synthesized that appeared in the medium remained constant. When the regional profile of proteins secreted by mutants was compared to that of their coisogenic wild types, three types of differences were noted: (1) changes in the abundance of a protein, (2) changes in the region of the epididymis from which a protein was secreted, or (3) the absence of a protein.
Ovarian Cancer: Deaf and Hearing Women’s Knowledge Before and After an Educational Video

Members of the Deaf community report language and cultural barriers to accessing health information and care. This study evaluated whether an ovarian cancer education video in American Sign Language with English captioning and voice-over could close the anticipated knowledge gap between Deaf and hearing women’s cancer knowledge. Consented Deaf (n = 55) and hearing (n = 52) women’s General, Ovarian, and Total Cancer Knowledge were assessed before and after viewing the video. At baseline, hearing women demonstrated significantly higher General, Ovarian, and Total Cancer Knowledge scores than Deaf women. By the post-test, all of Deaf women’s knowledge scores had increased, closing the baseline gap. However, hearing women’s post-video knowledge had also increased, thereby creating a new knowledge gap. The ovarian cancer education video offers an effective method to increase ovarian and general cancer knowledge for Deaf and hearing women.
Investigating Holland′s Typological Theory with Army Occupational Specialties

Abstract We investigated how well Holland′s (1985a) typology can distinguish Army occupational specialities and the validity of the congruence-satisfaction hypothesis in this context. The Vocational Preference Inventory was completed by 154 enlisted men in four representative Army specialities. Holland codes for the work environments were based on the enlisted men′s Vocational Preference Inventory scores, supervisors′ ratings on the Position Classification Inventory, and the Army′s rational codes. The majority of the soldiers were Realistic types, supporting Holland′s hypothesis that individuals select occupations that are congruent with their type. In a stronger test, Holland codes did a poor job of distinguishing the occupational specialities, however. Lack of support for the congruence-satisfaction hypothesis was attributed to several factors, not all of which are unique to the Army context. The study raised questions about the ability of Holland′s typology to distinguish Realistic working class occupations in the general economy and about the congruence-satisfaction hypothesis in this context.
Effects of Early Immune Stress and Changes in Dietary Metabolizable Energy on the Development of Newly Hatched Turkeys.2. Selected Characteristics of Immune Function

Two 21-d experiments were conducted to document the effects of an early immunologic stress and changes in dietary ME(n) on selected characteristics of immune function of newly hatched turkeys. Eight treatments were included in each experiment. Treatments were the result of complete factorial arrangements of two types of injection and four isonitrogenous diets. Turkeys in both experiments were injected i.p. with .5, .5, and .2 mL of saline (SAL) or .5, .5, and .2 mL of a solution of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 micrograms LPS/mL SAL) at 1, 3, and 5 d of age, respectively. In Experiment 1, two diets were formulated to contain 2,800 kcal ME(n)/kg. One was a corn-soybean meal based diet (CSBM) and the other contained 8% Solkafloc (SKF). A third diet (3,100 kcal ME(n)/kg) was formulated by substituting 8% sucrose (SUC) for the 8% SKF. The fourth diet (HE) included in Experiment 1 was formulated to contain 3,700 kcal ME(n)/kg. The CSBM and SUC diets and two additional diets were tested in Experiment 2. The latter were the CSBM diet containing 74.5 mg ibuprofen/kg (IBU) and a corn-soybean meal diet formulated to contain 3,100 kcal ME(n)/kg (CS31). Concentrations of plasma IgG and jejunal IgG and IgA were not affected by injection or diet. Age-related changes in Ig concentrations were consistently observed in Experiments 1 and 2. Injection with LPS reduced the number or responses of blood leukocytes to mitogens at 8 d of age (P < .01), as compared with samples from turkeys injected with SAL. Leukocytes in whole blood samples from turkeys fed the HE diet responded less to LPS stimulation than those fed the SUC diet (P < .01). Injection with LPS did not markedly affect the characteristics of immune function studied, and feeding a diet with 3,100 kcal ME(n)/kg and 28.5% crude protein did not measurably affect the characteristics of immune function of young turkeys.