cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fortran IV program for automatic external standardization in liquid scintillation spectrometry

Abstract The FORTRAN IV computer program referred to as AUTDPM and described in Int. J. appl. Rad. Isotopes 16 , 439 (1965) has been extensively modified and extended to incoroporate the automatic computation of quench correction using automatic external standardization. This allows for the accumulation of data in the final disintegrations per minute form without the additional sample handling and second counting necessitated by the internal standard technique. The samples likewise are not contaminated with the internal standard radioisotope and may be re-claimed for further uses. The new program (AUTAES) will additionally still perform all of the functions of the AUTDPM program except that it is limited to a total of 5 counting cycles rather than 10 cycles per group of samples.
Geometric design consideration for controlled fragmentation of metallic shells

Abstract Geometric designs for the controlled fragmentation of metal cylindrical shells have been considered via CTH hydrocode simulations. Fragmentation is controlled by engineering notches on the interior of the shells. Design parameters considered include the shell radius, thickness, and the depth and spacing of interior notches. A large number of shell designs were analyzed and their effectiveness on the controlled fragmentation categorized. The best overall controlled fragmentation designs exhibit full and complete fragment breakup as prescribed along the system of interior notches without any of the individual fragments naturally fragmenting throughout their thicknesses. For the combination of the Composition C-4 explosive and the 4340 steel, the best performing designs were shown to commonly possess the following characteristics: (1) they each have notch or groove depths greater than half of the shell thickness, (2) they each have notch or groove spacing within a range that is approximately the same as the shell thickness, and (3) they each have shell thicknesses many times smaller than the shell radius.
Expanding the Boundaries of Major Depressive Disorder in DSM-5: The Removal of the Bereavement Exclusion

Expanding the Boundaries of Major Depressive Disorder in DSM-5: The Removal of the Bereavement Exclusion
Organizational Careers: An Interactionist Perspective*

The concept of career is both useful and necessary for the study of organizations. Through members' constructions of organizational careers, an organization becomes real and capable of action. Orga...
Salt-mediated self-assembly of thioctic acid on gold nanoparticles.

Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) modification is a widely used method to improve the functionality and stability of bulk and nanoscale materials. For instance, the chemical compatibility and utility of solution-phase nanoparticles are often improved using covalently bound SAMs. Herein, solution-phase gold nanoparticles are modified with thioctic acid SAMs in the presence and absence of salt. Molecular packing density on the nanoparticle surfaces is estimated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and increases by ∼20% when molecular self-assembly occurs in the presence versus the absence of salt. We hypothesize that as the ionic strength of the solution increases, pinhole and collapsed-site defects in the SAM are more easily accessible as the electrostatic interaction energy between adjacent molecules decreases, thereby facilitating the subsequent assembly of additional thioctic acid molecules. Significantly, increased SAM packing densities increase the stability of functionalized gold nanoparticles by a fa...
Synthesis of Quaternary Semiconductor Nanocrystals with Tunable Band Gaps

Dispersible quaternary Cu1.0GaxIn2−xS3.5 and Cu1.0InxTl2−xS3.5 nanocrystals were successfully prepared by a toluene-thermal and a hot-injection approach and characterized using UV−vis spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). UV−vis absorption spectra of Cu1.0GaxIn2−xS3.5 nanocrystals revealed that the band gaps of alloyed nanocrystals can be precisely adjusted in the range of 1.43 to 2.42 eV by increasing the indium content. From XRD analysis, the lattice parameters of Cu1.0GaxIn2−xS3.5 nanocrystals decreased linearly with an increase in the Ga/(Ga + In) ratio in accordance with Vegard’s law, which confirmed that alloyed nanocrystals have a homogeneous structure. Alloyed Cu1.0GaxIn2−xS3.5 and Cu1.0InxTl2−xS3.5 nanocrystals have a narrow size distribution according to TEM analysis results. Moreover, it was found that oleylamine played an important role in the formation quaternary homogeneous Cu1.0GaxIn2−xS3.5 and Cu1.0InxTl2−xS3.5 nanocrystals due to elimina...
Propagation of nonlinear surface polaritons.

La propagation d'ondes de surfaces electromagnetiques non lineaires a polarisation p, dans un modele etudie precedemment par Yu, est etudiee sans restrictions sur les amplitudes de champ. On etudie egalement les ondes a polarisations. On donne les resultats obtenus pour les relations de dispersion et les profils de champ
Source and characterization of an egg recognition kairomone of Telenomus heliothidis, a parasitoid of Heliothis virescens

. The ability of Telenomus heliothidis Ashmead (Hymenoptera; Scelionidae) to recognize its host, the eggs of Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae), was determined in laboratory studies. The material present in the accessory gland of female H. virescens adults acted as an egg recognition kairomone for T. heliothidis. Host eggs which lacked the kairomone were not attacked, while glass beads the size of H. virescens eggs and coated with the accessory gland material were. The parasitoid failed to respond to the kairomone unless it was associated with a target the size and shape of normal hosts. The kairomone is heat stable, but was deactivated by proteolytic enzymes. The accessory gland contained 200 mg/ml protein which suggests that the kairomone is proteinaceous.
Computer simulation and experimental verification of welding in thin steel sheet containment

Thermal analysis of welding a thin steel sheet containment can around the modular coil winding pack of a Quasi-Poloidal Stellarator was performed. Welding causes distortions and thermal stresses to develop in the coil. Damage to the conductor coil nearest to the welding region would cause distortion of magnetic field produced by it, which would disrupt working of the stellarator. Computer weld models were developed and temperature response normalized with respect to ambient temperature was plotted at predefined locations on the cross-section of the coil. This study predicted that the maximum temperatures reached were less than the insulation melt temperatures. Independent studies using data from this study predicted that there is negligible distortion and stresses in the coil after welding. Experiments were also performed which confirmed no visual damage to conductor coil nearest to the weld zone and served to validate the computational models.
Sulfhemoglobinemia: A study of 62 clinical cases

Abstract The records of sixty-two patients with sulfhemoglobinemia encountered at the Mayo Clinic from May 1939, to February 1950, were reviewed, and the present knowledge regarding sulfhemoglobinemia and methemoglobinemia was presented. Bromo-Seltzer and acetanilid alone had been ingested by the majority of patients, with sulfonamide and phenacetin alone or in combination with other drugs by the remainder. The medicaments had been used by the majority of patients for headache which was considered by us to be of neurotic origin. A large percentage of patients who had a concentration of 2 Gm. or more of sulfhemoglobin per 100 c.c. of blood were constipated. Constipation was an infrequent complaint of the remainder (the majority), who had less than 2 Gm. of sulfhemoglobin per 100 c.c. of blood. Evidence of bromide intoxication and high levels of bromide in the blood were occasionally seen in patients taking Bromo-Seltzer. Despite a severe degree of cyanosis and very high levels of sulfhemoglobin in the blood of two patients, there was little or no evidence of respiratory distress, and studies of respiratory function showed higher levels of functioning hemoglobin than might be inferred from the total hemoglobin and sulfhemoglobin levels as determined spectroscopically. Our study indicates, too, that sulfhemoglobinemia is more common than methemoglobinemia.
Macrofossil analysis of wood rat (Neotoma) middens as a key to the quaternary vegetational history of arid America

Abstract Wood rat (Neotoma) deposits preserved in dry rock shelters have radiocarbon ages extending from close to the present to >40,000 BP, thus providing elaborate samples of changing vegetation during the climatic shifts of the late Pleistocene and Holocene. The established record extends geographically from Oregon and Wyoming (at 45°N) south to Baja California, Sonora, and to Tehuacan (at 18°N) in southern Mexico. Several hundred ancient middens have been uncovered, and over 130 have been radiocarbon-dated. There are about 20 extant species of Neotoma with a combined range extending from the Yukon and New England to Nicaragua and Florida. Hence, a wider application for the method seems likely, wherever dry caves favor preservation. The acquisitive rats accumulate an incredibly detailed inventory of the local flora and fauna within a small home range, measured at about 100 m or less in radius. The biomass spectrum of a modern wood rat deposit was compared with associated pollen spectra and source vegetation. The most dominant arborescent species, as determined by a quantitative study of the local vegetation, were proportionately represented in the midden, but not in the pollen rain. Less dominant species were variable in proportionality. A novel approach to the comparative ecological physiology of long-dead plants has been demonstrated with macrofossils from ancient wood rat deposits. The ratio of the stable isotopes of carbon (13C/12C) is more altered from the atmospheric proportion during CO2 fixation by C3 plants than it is by the different (PEP) carboxylating enzyme of heliophile or xerophytic, C4 or CAM plants. Mass spectrometry of the carbon of macrofossils enables the distinction to be made in the past. The desiccated, allelochemic urine, or amberat, indurates and preserves the middens by cementing the loose debris of macrofossils into a tough, coherent mass of surprising strength and rigidity, that adheres tenaciously to rock surfaces. Water softens the most indurated middens by dissolving the crystallized urine, causing them to dislodge and to fall apart; it also removes the osmotic and allelochemic deterrent to decay by fungi, or to consumption by termites, crickets, or other decomposing herbivores. A secure position in a dry rock shelter is therefore essential to preservation of the macrofossils for time periods on the order of 104 years. Attrition with time is seen in the frequency distribution of radiocarbon dates obtained on 132 Neotoma middens. The distribution is skewed toward the end of the Wisconsin glacial and the Holocene, and there is a decline in frequency with age. Cave erosion, including destructive rockfalls and new crevices that admit seepage and cause deterioration and dislodgement of the middens, is probably the main factor in the progressive attrition with increasing age.
Application Characterization System for gaming consoles

The Application Characterization System (ACS) allows console manufacturers and testers to see how different video game titles can stress a game console. With ACS, console power, temperature data, and thread usage are used in conjunction to monitor performance, GPU regression, characterization through video output formats and resolutions and Gauge R&R.
Transformer inrush mitigation using controlled switching of a 500-kV circuit breaker

This paper presents post event analyses of three inrush events that caused relay misoperation. It then presents the results of an EMTP study that illustrates the degree to which different techniques can mitigate the transformer inrush transient and compares this to the predicted performance of closing resistors in an identical application. It demonstrates that controlled switching of a transformer adequately mitigates inrush transients.
Quantum Statistics of Cooper Pairs; Superconducting Temperature

We show that the eigenvalues of the number operator in the pair state (k1, k2), where c's and c†'s are fermion operators, are limited to 0 or 1, while the eigenvalues of the pair-number operator with the net momentum q≡ k1+k2 fixed, , are 0, 1, 2,…. Both fermionic and bosonic natures of the Cooper pairs (pairons) must be used in the superconductivity theory. The Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) of the pairons moving with a linear energy–momentum relation occurs at (3D), (2D), where n0 is the pairon density and vF the Fermi velocity. The connection between this and the BCS superconducting temperature is discussed.
Alteration of chromatin structure induced by the binding of adriamycin, daunorubicin and ethidium bromide.

Abstract The results reported in this paper show the changes in chromatin structure caused by the binding of adriamycin (ADR), daunorubicin (DR) and ethidium bromide (EtdBr) to DNA in chromatin, either isolated or in nuclei or whole cells. Micrococcal nuclease was used as the structural probe of chromatin. The binding of the drugs to chromatin DNA induced two structural changes. First, it produced an unfolding of the overall chromatin structure as evidenced by the increased production of acid-soluble oligonucleotides for the drug-treated samples above the level of the control sample. Second, it caused a disruption of the core particle structure with increased production of DNA of subnucleosomal size and smearing of the nucleosome pattern. The effects were greatest for daunorubicin, followed by adriamycin and ethidium bromide.
Solubility of petroleum in oil-field waters as a function of the oxidation state of the system

Aqueous solubilities of liquid nonane (C 9 H 20 [liq]) with activities ranging from 1.0 in pure nonane to 0.1 and 0.01 in crude oil have been calculated at ∼120 °C and 400 bar as a function of oxygen fugacity ( f O 2 ( g ), where g stands for gas) in a generic oil-field water containing representative concentrations of NaCl, CaCl 2 , MgCl 2 , and FeCl 2 in equilibrium with minerals in the system CaO-MgO-FeO-CO 2 -O 2 -H 2 O. The calculations indicate that in the presence of calcite, the oxidative solubilities resulting from the formation of aqueous CO 2 , n -carboxylic acids, and other oxidized organic aqueous species from n -alkanes in crude oil are several orders of magnitude greater than their stoichiometric counterparts. For example, the oxidative solubility in the aqueous phase of nonane with an activity of 0.1 in crude oil coexisting with calcite at the oil-water interface increases dramatically with increasing log f O 2 ,( g ) at ∼120 °C and 400 bar from a stoichiometric solubility of ∼0.26 ppm to an oxidative solubility of ∼320 ppm at log f o 2 ( g )= -56, which is typical of the fugacity of oxygen in hydrocarbon reservoirs at ∼120 °C and 400 bar. Because oil-field waters are generally acidic, production of carbonic acid by the oxidative dissolution of crude oil in hydrocarbon reservoirs favors generation of secondary porosity at the oil-water interface, which may be mediated by hyperthermobarophilic microbes.
Photochemistry of Azobenzene in Microporous Aluminophosphate AlPO4-5

Photochemical studies of molecules in the organized voids of microporous frameworks is an area of considerable research interest. In this study, we have examined the spectroscopy and photochemistry of trans-azobenzene introduced into the 8 A channels of an aluminophosphate framework, AlPO4-5. The acidity of aluminophosphates is considered to be very weak, based on their poor catalytic performance in transformations of organic compounds. However, we report that the Bronsted acidity of the AlPO4-5 is enough to protonate the azo groups in azobenzene. This leads to appearance of a band at 418 nm. Also, room temperature emission observed at 518 nm, an unusual spectroscopic feature for azobenzene, is due to the protonated form. Photolysis of the azobenzene/AlPO4-5 sample leads to the formation of benzo[c]cinnoline and benzidine. The Lewis acid sites of AlPO4-5 are proposed to play an important role in the photocyclization chemistry. Because the number of such acid sites in AlPO4-5 is limited, only a fraction of...
Political Economy of Classism: Towards a More Integrated Multilevel View

Operating within the Marxist tradition, radical economists have utilized a macro-social level structural analysis focusing on modes of production, social relations of production, and class exploitation. But what of classism, the class bigotry and oppression experienced in the everyday lives of working people and their families, at work, in their communities, and in other social spaces? This paper seeks to expand our understanding of the political economy of class by sketching out a multilevel analysis of class oppression as a social system that encompasses macro, meso, and micro levels, and includes both structures and human agency. It will examine how people come to occupy their class roles; how they learn their particular class outlook, mannerisms, behavior, and culture; and how the personal and social dynamics of class oppression are related to the larger macrostructures of class oppression and exploitation.
Photoionisation Spectroscopy of Traps in AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Photoionisation spectroscopy has been carried out in bias-stressed AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors grown by MBE in order to probe the nature of the deep trapping centres responsible for stress-induced current collapse in these devices. The results indicate that a GaN buffer layer trap previously associated with current collapse in devices grown by MOCVD is responsible for induced collapse in MBE-grown structures.
CROWDING, TASK PERFORMANCE, AND COMMUNICATIVE INTERACTION IN YOUTH AND OLD AGE

Following Altman's privacy regulation model, this research was based on the assumption that the relationship between achieved and desired levels of privacy is a major determinant of the experience of crowding in small groups. Further, on the basis of evidence that advancing age is associated with a chronic lack of communicative interaction, it was assumed that the achieved level of privacy among elderly persons generally is greater than that experienced by young adults. Given these assumptions, it was predicted that the crowding threshold of young adults would be significantly lower than that of older persons. To test this hypothesis, the research varied conversation distance (close, far) and density (small room, large room) and assessed the quality of communicative interaction and task performance among small groups of college-age females and retired women over 60 years of age. Results showed that task performance among younger subjects deteriorated in close interaction conditions, whereas the performance of older subjects was improved by spatial intrusion. Further, older subjects exhibited positive communication behaviors in response to close conversation, high-density conditions, while younger subjects responded either with negative communication behaviors or were unaffected by spatial restriction. Finally, the research confirmed previous findings that conversation distance is a more important determinant of the experience of crowding in small groups than physical density. The significance of the results for Altman's privacy regulation model and their implications for the study of human communication behaviors were discussed.
Defining a Family of Cognitive Diagnosis Models Using Log-Linear Models with Latent Variables

This paper uses log-linear models with latent variables (Hagenaars, in Loglinear Models with Latent Variables, 1993) to define a family of cognitive diagnosis models. In doing so, the relationship between many common models is explicitly defined and discussed. In addition, because the log-linear model with latent variables is a general model for cognitive diagnosis, new alternatives to modeling the functional relationship between attribute mastery and the probability of a correct response are discussed.
Follow-up of patients with low output, low gradient hemodynamics after percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty: The mansfield scientific aortic valvuloplasty registry

Symptomatic patients with a low cardiac output and low aortic valve gradient have a poor prognosis but are at high risk for aortic valve surgery. The outcome of percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty in this subgroup of patients is unclear. Therefore, 67 patients (group 1) underwent percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty between December 1, 1986 and November 1, 1987 who had a low cardiac index ( 40 mm Hg) before the procedure and who had similar baseline presenting symptoms. After balloon aortic valvuloplasty, there was a greater decrease in aortic valve gradient in patients in group 2 than in patients in group 1 (mean ± SD −33.0 ± 16.7 mm Hg and −14.6 ± 6.9 mm Hg, respectively; p Although the cumulative ongoing mortality is high after balloon aortic valvuloplasty in patients with a low-output, lowgradient state, there is a subset of patients who will have sustained, symptomatic improvement.
Evidence for Frequent Regression of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia-Grade 2

Objective To estimate the fraction of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-2 (CIN-2) that might regress if untreated using data from the atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) triage study (ALTS).
Disaster immunity and performance of service firms: The influence of market acuity and supply network partnering

Abstract In this paper we explore how a firm can develop disaster immunity—the capability to manage disaster-through the exploitation of market acuity and supply network partnerships. We use the hierarchy of capabilities framework and a social capital lens to view partnerships wherein a service supply network member’s market acuity can create and leverage operational partnership (fluid partnering), and strategic partnership (relational partnering) to enhance disaster immunity. Results of our empirical analysis indicate that the influence of market acuity on the level of disaster immunity is mediated by supply network partnering and innovation. Moreover, our results confirm that building disaster immunity can have a significant positive influence on the performance of service firms.
SHS reaction of Ti-Zr-Hf alloys with hydrogen

Explored was the SHS reaction of Ti-Hf, Zr-Hf, and Ti-Zr-Hf alloys with hydrogen. The reaction of compacted alloys with hydrogen and deuterium could be carried out without preliminary crushing. Hydrogenation of the alloys yielded hydrogen-rich hydrides with H/Me = 2.0−2.28. Crystal structure of the synthesized hydrides was found to depend on composition of starting alloys. Repeated hydrogenation-dehydrogenation cycles did not affect the hydrogen content of hydrides.
Toward a photosynthetic microbial platform for terpenoid engineering

Plant terpenoids are among the most diverse group of naturally-occurring organic compounds known, and several are used in contemporary consumer products. Terpene synthase enzymes catalyze complex rearrangements of carbon skeleton precursors to yield thousands of unique chemical structures that range in size from the simplest five carbon isoprene unit to the long polymers of rubber. Such chemical diversity has established plant terpenoids as valuable commodity chemicals with applications in the pharmaceutical, neutraceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. More recently, terpenoids have received attention as a renewable alternative to petroleum-derived fuels and as the building blocks of synthetic biopolymers. However, the current plant- and petrochemical-based supplies of commodity terpenoids have major limitations. Photosynthetic microorganisms provide an opportunity to generate terpenoids in a renewable manner, employing a single consolidated host organism that is able to use solar energy, H2O and CO2 as the primary inputs for terpenoid biosynthesis. Advances in synthetic biology have seen important breakthroughs in microbial terpenoid engineering, traditionally via fermentative pathways in yeast and Escherichia coli. This review draws on the knowledge obtained from heterotrophic microbial engineering to propose strategies for the development of microbial photosynthetic platforms for industrial terpenoid production. The importance of utilizing the wealth of genetic information provided by nature to unravel the regulatory mechanisms of terpenoid biosynthesis is highlighted.
Chemical Composition of Cotton Dusts Part I: Analyses of Cotton Plant Parts, Gin Trash, and Weed Samples

Cotton plant parts are thought to be a major source of dust generated during cotton processing. Their chemical composition is important with regards to identifying the causal agents of byssinosis. Reported here are the ash and protein contents of cotton bract, leaf, stem, burr, and gin trash samples and of their dried aqueous extracts. The average ash contents of the above samples are 18.0, 16.6, 7.2, 7.5, and 19.1%, respectively. Significantly, the average inorganic contents of dried aqueous extracts are from two to five times higher than those of the raw samples.. The average protein contents of the above samples are 12.5, 17.4, 8.6, 5.7, and 13.6%, respectively. The average protein contents of the dried aqueous extracts of bract, leaf, and gin trash samples are about the same as the raw samples. The protein of the dried aqueous extracts of stem and burr increases markedly compared to the raw samples (from 8.6 to 21.3% and 5.7 to 15.5%, respectively). Ash and protein contents of several weed samples hav...
Identification of NSF as a β-Arrestin1-binding Protein IMPLICATIONS FOR β2-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR REGULATION

Previous studies have demonstrated that beta-arrestin1 serves to target G protein-coupled receptors for internalization via clathrin-coated pits and that its endocytic function is regulated by dephosphorylation at the plasma membrane. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we have identified a novel beta-arrestin1-binding protein, NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein), an ATPase essential for many intracellular transport reactions. We demonstrate that purified recombinant beta-arrestin1 and NSF interact in vitro and that these proteins can be coimmunoprecipitated from cells. beta-Arrestin1-NSF complex formation exhibits a conformational dependence with beta-arrestin1 preferentially interacting with the ATP bound form of NSF. In contrast to the beta-arrestin1-clathrin interaction, however, the phosphorylation state of beta-arrestin1 does not affect NSF binding. Functionally, overexpression of NSF in HEK 293 cells significantly enhances agonist-mediated beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR) internalization. Furthermore, when coexpressed with a beta-arrestin1 mutant (betaarr1S412D) that mimics a constitutively phosphorylated form of beta-arrestin1 and that acts as a dominant negative with regards to beta2-AR internalization, NSF rescues the betaarr1S412D-mediated inhibition of beta2-AR internalization. The demonstration of beta-arrestin1-NSF complex formation and the functional consequences of NSF overexpression suggest a hitherto unappreciated role for NSF in facilitating clathrin coat-mediated G protein-coupled receptor internalization.
Social and sexual behavior of the rufous elephant-shrew (Elephantulus rufescens) in captivity

Sexual behavior, behavioral changes associated with the estrous cycle, and the behavioral effects of changing mates are described for the monogamous Elephantulus rufescens . Sexual interactions were brief and facilitated by familiarity between the male and female. Several features of sexual behavior differed from the typical conservative mammalian pattern. Except for sexual behaviors, the only dramatic behavioral change associated with the brief estrous period was an increase in vaginal marking by females that probably distributed a secretion containing a chemical signal of receptivity. There was also a decrease at estrus in female agonistic behavior toward males. New mates were readily accepted but there was a general increase in social behavior between newly paired males and females. Social and sexual behavior in elephant-shrews appears to be adapted to reducing predation risks.
ReAsH: another viable option for in vivo protein labelling in Dictyostelium.

Summary Biarsenical-tetracysteine fluorescent protein tagging has been effectively used in a variety of cell types. It has the advantage of requiring a much smaller peptide alteration to existing proteins than fusion to green fluorescent protein (GFP) or monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP). However, there are no reports of the tetracysteine tagging system being used in Dictyostelium. In order to establish this tagging system in Dictyostelium, the filamin gene (FLN) was modified to express a C-terminal tetracysteine sequence and then transfected into cells. After addition of either FlAsH-EDT2 or ReAsH-EDT2, the fluorescence intensity of cells increased in a time-dependent manner and reached a plateau after 3 h of incubation. ReAsH had a much stronger and more specifically localized fluorescent signal compared with FlAsH. After removal of the ReAsH-EDT2 reagent, the fluorescence signal remained detectable for at least 24 h. The localization of filamin labelled by ReAsH was similar to that of an FLN-mRFP fusion protein, but the fluorescence signal from the ReAsH-labelled protein was stronger. Our findings suggest that the ReAsH-tetracysteine tagging system can be a useful alternative for in vivo protein tagging in Dictyostelium.
Design of a Cryogen Free Cryo-flipper using a High Tc YBCO Film

Abstract It is well-known that the Meissner effect in superconducting materials can be used to provide a well-defined non- adiabatic magnetic field transition that can be utilised to produce an efficient white beam neutron spin flipper. Typically these devices utilise niobium and hence require continuous use of liquid helium in order to maintain the device tem- perature. The use of high Tc materials removes the need for cryogens and has been explored previously and shown to provide efficient flipping of the neutron spin. Improvements in thin high T c films over the past few years make these materials even more attractive. Here we present a design using a 350-nm-thick YBCO film capped with 100 nm of gold on a 78 x 100 x 0.5 mm sapphire substrate (Theva, Germany). The apparatus is compact (200 mm in length along the neutron beam), consisting of an oxygen-free high-conductivity copper frame, which holds the YBCO film and is mounted to the cold finger of a closed-cycle refrigerator. The part of the vacuum chamber, where the YBCO film is located, is ≈ 50 mm wide, which allows us to minimise the distance from the film to the external magnets. This distance is 26 mm on each side. The details of the guide field design are also discussed. In this design, the maximum neutron beam size that can be used is 40 × 40 mm2 and we can easily switch from a vertical to a horizontal guide field on either side of the YBCO film.
Taxonomy for spatial domain LSB steganography techniques

The Least Significant Bit (LSB) embedding technique is a well-known and broadly employed method in multimedia steganography, used mainly in applications involving single bit-plane manipulations in the spatial domain [1]. The key advantages of LSB procedures are they are simple to understand, easy to implement, have high embedding capacity, and can be resistant to steganalysis attacks. Additionally, the LSB approach has spawned numerous applications and can be used as the basis of more complex techniques for multimedia data embedding. In the last several decades, hundreds of new LSB or LSB variant methods have been developed in an effort to optimize capacity while minimizing detectability, taking advantage of the overall simplicity of this method. LSB-steganalysis research has also intensified in an effort to find new or improved ways to evaluate the performance of this widely used steganographic system. This paper reviews and categorizes some of these major techniques of LSB embedding, focusing specifically on the spatial domain. Some justification for establishing and identifying promising uses of a proposed SD-LSB centric taxonomy are discussed. Specifically, we define a new taxonomy for SD-LSB embedding techniques with the goal of aiding researchers in tool classification methodologies that can lead to advances in the state-of-the-art in steganography. With a common framework to work with, researchers can begin to more concretely identify core tools and common techniques to establish common standards of practice for steganography in general. Finally, we provide a summary on some of the most common LSB embedding techniques followed by a proposed taxonomy standard for steganalysis.
Volatiles of Ripe Flowering Quince (Chaenomeles speciosa Nakai)

ABSTRACT The volatile components isolated from Flowering Quince fruit were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Nineteen compounds were identified of which hexanal, ethyl butyrate, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, linalool, trans-linalool oxide (furanoid), cis-linalool oxide (furanoid), α-terpineol, ethyl octanoate, Edulan I, ethyl (Z)-4-decenoate and ethyl p-methoxybenzoate were the major constituents.
Is bipolar disorder overdiagnosed among patients with substance abuse

Background: Bipolar illness is frequently misdiagnosed. Several studies have focused on the underdiagnosis of this condition and the frequent long delay in its recognition. However, the illness is difficult to diagnose and many of its symptoms are shared by other conditions. In order to determine the accuracy of the diagnosis of bipolar illness among subjects with substance abuse, we carried out a study in patients with a previous diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) and known history of substance abuse or dependence, who were currently engaged in treatment for substance abuse. Methods: Individuals participating in a community-based substance treatment program and who had a previous diagnosis of BD were invited to undergo a structured clinical interview for diagnosis performed by a psychiatrist. In addition to the interview, previous hospital records were reviewed whenever possible. Diagnosis was made following strict DSM-IV criteria. Results: Only 9 of 21 (42.9%) subjects met diagnostic criteria for BD. Seven were BD type II and two were BD I. Conclusions: Bipolar disorder is frequently misdiagnosed following strict DSM-IV criteria. Among subjects with substance abuse, it may be overdiagnosed by psychiatrists.
Effects of vortex generators on the growth of a compressible shear layer

An experimental study has been made of the effects of initial conditions on the growth rate of a high Reynolds number, compressible, turbulent shear layer bounded by Mach 5 and Mach 3 airstreams. The shear layer was generated by the turbulent boundary layer leaving the trailing edge of a thick flat plate with an internal twodimensional Mach 3 nozzle. The objective of the study was to determine if the shear-layer growth rate could be increased by placing cylindrical and wedge-shaped vortex generators in the turbulent boundary layer upstream of the shear-layer origin. Mean pitot pressure surveys were made in the initial boundary layer and in the shear layer at several stream wise stations using a rake with seven tips oriented spanwise. The results show that the shear-layer growth rate can be increased by about 30% using cylindrical vortex generator arrangements; whereas, with wedge-shaped arrangements the growth rate is unaffected or even reduced.
Adapting PKI for the smart grid

The Smart Grid is an update to the current power grid infrastructure, which is becoming outdated. Incorporating information systems into the traditional power grid allows the system to make smart decisions about the state of the power grid and dynamically alter the flow of electricity to meet changing needs and conditions. However, this new infrastructure presents cyber security risks that must be mitigated in such an essential system. Many information systems use a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to solve this problem, but the unique requirements of the electrical power grid don't fit well into an existing PKI solution. This paper will review those requirements and evaluate current PKI trust models, recommending adaptations toward a Smart Grid PKI that will meet the Smart Grid cyber security needs.
Effects of Preparation History on TiO2· SiO2 Glasses

Differences in the Raman spectra of various heat-treated TiO2· SiO2 glasses could be related to their thermal and chemical histories. For instance, while rutile could be detected in batch-prepared glasses heated at 1100°C, only α-cristobalite could be detected in heat-treated devitrified flame-prepared glasses with comparative TiO2-concentrations. Thermal expansion coefficients increased for batch-prepared glasses upon heat treatment due to exsolution of rutile from the glasses. Earlier work had noted similar behavior at lower temperatures due to exsolution of anatase.
Characterization of a vitellogenin receptor in white perch (Morone americana).

Receptors for white perch vitellogenin (wVTG) were characterized using wVTG, labeled in vivo with [3H]leucine or in vitro with 1251, and semipurified ovarian membranes. Specific binding of wVTG to the membranes was temperature-dependent, proportional to the amount of membrane, and saturable. Scatchard analyses revealed a single class of binding sites of low maximum binding capacity (MBC; -35 pmol VTG/mg membrane protein) and high affinity (Kd -400 nM), consistent with wVTG levels (540-2700 nM) circulating in maturing females. Ligand blotting revealed a receptor protein of Mr -157 000 and a smaller protein, possibly its degradation product. Striped bass vitellogenin, chicken egg yolk very low density lipoprotein, and suramin displaced wVTG from its receptor, but BSA did not. No change in Kd was noted over the course of vitellogenesis in maturing perch, and MBC increased only slightly very late in the gametogenic cycle. The wVTG bound specifically to membranes prepared from liver, muscle, and mesenteric fat, but not to erythrocyte membranes. The Kd for ovary (394 nM) and liver (345 nM) were similar, but the Kd for muscle (1440 nM) was much higher.
Correlation effects on transition probabilities in Mo vi

The effect of correlation on transition probabilities for transitions in Mo vi from 4p64d 2D and 4p65s 2S to 4p64f, 4p65p, 4p65f, 4p54d2 with J = 1/2–7/2 is investigated. Non-relativistic correlation studies show the near degeneracy of 4p54d2(3F) 2Fo and 4p54d2(1G)2Fo configuration state functions and their strong interaction with 4p65f 2Fo. The multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock method is used to include relativistic effects and correlation simultaneously. Wavefunction composition is compared with other theory and with the least-squares fitted values recently published by Reader (2010 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43 074024). Transition probability data are provided along with data required for accessing accuracy. Results are compared with other published values.
Effect of Far-Red and Green Irradiation on the Nyctinastic Closure of Albizzia Leaflets

The nyctinastic closing of Albizzia julibrissin pinnules is delayed by exposure to far-red radiation at 710 and 730 nanometers, with the former more effective than the latter. Far-red radiation at 750 and 770 nanometers has no effect on the process. Red light at 660 nanometers, which by itself has no effect, delayed closure when given before or simultaneously with far-red radiation at 750 or 770 nanometers. Low doses of green light, on the other hand, prevented all far-red radiations from delaying closure when given together with one of them. Effectiveness peaks at 550 nanometers. Green light by itself has no effect on the closing process.From these and previous results, it is concluded that phytochrome is one of two photoreceptors in the process, that the other photoreceptor is an unknown pigment, and that the unknown photoreceptor requires some prior effect of the far-red-absorbing form of phytochrome before its action. Predictions are made of some of the properties of the unidentified pigment.
IKs channels open slowly because KCNE1 accessory subunits slow the movement of S4 voltage sensors in KCNQ1 pore-forming subunits

Human I(Ks) channels activate slowly with the onset of cardiac action potentials to repolarize the myocardium. I(Ks) channels are composed of KCNQ1 (Q1) pore-forming subunits that carry S4 voltage-sensor segments and KCNE1 (E1) accessory subunits. Together, Q1 and E1 subunits recapitulate the conductive and kinetic properties of I(Ks). How E1 modulates Q1 has been unclear. Investigators have variously posited that E1 slows the movement of S4 segments, slows opening and closing of the conduction pore, or modifies both aspects of electromechanical coupling. Here, we show that Q1 gating current can be resolved in the absence of E1, but not in its presence, consistent with slowed movement of the voltage sensor. E1 was directly demonstrated to slow S4 movement with a fluorescent probe on the Q1 voltage sensor. Direct correlation of the kinetics of S4 motion and ionic current indicated that slowing of sensor movement by E1 was both necessary and sufficient to determine the slow-activation time course of I(Ks).
Ontogeny of erythroid gene expression

Erythroid ontogeny is characterized by overlapping waves of primitive and definitive erythroid lineages that share many morphologic features during terminal maturation but have marked differences in cell size and globin expression. In the present study, we compared global gene expression in primitive, fetal definitive, and adult definitive erythroid cells at morphologically equivalent stages of maturation purified from embryonic, fetal, and adult mice. Surprisingly, most transcriptional complexity in erythroid precursors is already present by the proerythroblast stage. Transcript levels are markedly modulated during terminal erythroid maturation, but housekeeping genes are not preferentially lost. Although primitive and definitive erythroid lineages share a large set of nonhousekeeping genes, annotation of lineage-restricted genes shows that alternate gene usage occurs within shared functional categories, as exemplified by the selective expression of aquaporins 3 and 8 in primitive erythroblasts and aquaporins 1 and 9 in adult definitive erythroblasts. Consistent with the known functions of Aqp3 and Aqp8 as H2O2 transporters, primitive, but not definitive, erythroblasts preferentially accumulate reactive oxygen species after exogenous H2O2 exposure. We have created a user-friendly Web site (http://www.cbil.upenn.edu/ErythronDB) to make these global expression data readily accessible and amenable to complex search strategies by the scientific community.
Imaging the interface of epitaxial graphene with silicon carbide via scanning tunneling microscopy

Graphene grown epitaxially on SiC has been proposed as a material for carbon-based electronics. Understanding the interface between graphene and the SiC substrate will be important for future applications. We report the ability to image the interface structure beneath single-layer graphene using scanning tunneling microscopy. Such imaging is possible because the graphene appears transparent at energies of $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ above or below the Fermi energy $({E}_{F})$. Our analysis of calculations based on density-functional theory shows how this transparency arises from the electronic structure of a graphene layer on a SiC substrate.
Evidence for the Synthesis of Oxytocin and Vasopressin in Separate Neurons

ALTHOUGH it is now generally accepted that in mammals the hormones of the posterior pituitary, vasopressin and oxytocin, are synthesized in the hypothalamus in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei1, two important and related questions about the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (HNS) remain unanswered. These are: (a) whether vasopressin is synthesized exclusively in the SON while oxytocin is synthesized only in the PVN2–4; and (b) whether there is one population of neurons in the hypothalamic nuclei which produces only vasopressin and another population which produces only oxytocin, or whether single neurons in the HNS can synthesize both these hormones5–7. The results reported here suggest an answer to the second question.
The effect of growth hormone and cortisone on thymidine kinase activity in rat adipose tissue.

Abstract Thymidine kinase activity in the adipose tissue of hypophysectomized male rats was increased approx. 10 times after 2 days of injecting growth hormone. Simultaneous injections of cortisone prevented the stimulation by growth hormone. During the 4 days of growth hormone administration, thymidine kinase activity increased slightly after 1 day, rose sharply to a maximum at 2 days and decreased to about half the maximal value by the 4th day. Stimulation of DNA synthesis by growth hormone followed the same temporal pattern, and the increase of DNA synthesis was also inhibited by cortisone.
Family therapy vs. parent groups: Effects on adolescent drug abusers.

Abstract The families of adolescent drug abuse clients who were admitted to six outpatient drug-free (OPDF) treatment programs were randomly assigned to either a family therapy method or a parent group method. It was later found that in 93% of the family therapy families, one or both parents participated (N=85); but that in only 67% of the families assigned to a parent group did one or both parents participate (N=50). This is considered to be an important practical advantage for family therapy. At follow-up evaluation 15 months later (after a 6-month course of treatment and a 9-month follow-up period), the clients and their mothers in both groups reported significant improvement on numerous outcome criteria, including reduction in substance use. There was no significant difference between the two groups in degree of improvement.
Supply of appropriate nuclear technology for the developing world: Small power reactors for electricity generation

Abstract A growing world population, expected to reach eleven thousand million people by the year 2050, implies a growing need for the expansion of energy conversion technology. Over 80% of the world's population growth is projected to be centred in the lesser developed countries (LDCs), that part of the world expected to experience the largest growth rates in energy consumption. Constraints on fossil fuels, such as oil, natural gas and coal, imply that other energy sources will be needed in large supply to fulfill LDC energy demands. This paper reviews the supply of small nuclear power plants (200 to 500 MWe electrical generating capacity) available on today's market, including the pre-fabricated designs of the United Kingdom's Rolls Royce Ltd and the French Alsthom-Atlantique Company. Also, the Russian VVER-440 conventionally built light-water reactor design is reviewed, including information on the Soviet Union's plans for expansion of its reactor-building capacity. A section of the paper also explores the characteristics of LDC electricity grids, reviewing methods available for incorporating larger plants into smaller grids as the Israelis are planning. Future trends in reactor supply and effects on proliferation rates are also discussed, reviewing the potential of the Indian 220 MWe pressurised heavy-water reactor, South Korean and Japanese potential for reactor exports in the Far East, and the Argentine-Brazilian nuclear programme in Latin America. This study suggests that small reactor designs for electrical power production and other applications, such as seawater desalination, can be made economical relative to diesel technology if traditional scaling laws can be altered by adopting and standardising a pre-fabricated nuclear power plant design. Also, economy can be gained if sufficient attention is concentrated on the design, construction and operating experience of suitably sized conventionally built reactor systems.