cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A simple procedure for assessing ataxia in rats: effects of phencyclidine.

Abstract The present study describes an objective, cost- and time-efficient procedure for characterizing the ataxic effects of psychoactive drugs. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were administered an intraperitoneal injection of either saline or one of three doses (1, 5 or 10 mg/kg) of phencyclidine (PCP) 15 min prior to being placed into an empty standard operant conditioning chamber (all manipulanda were removed). The floor of the test apparatus consisted of parallel rows of metal rods spaced approximately 1.5 cm apart. During a 5-min test, a single observer counted the frequency with which each animal's paws (front or back) slipped between the rows of bars that constituted the cage floor. The data demonstrated that while saline animals exhibited no instability in their ambulation, PCP-treated animals demonstrated a highly reliable dose-dependent increase in the number of “paw slips” in a single trial. Since animals are known to develop tolerance to the ataxic response to PCP, the validity of the test as a measure of drug-induced ataxia was examined in a separate group of animals treated with the middle (5 mg/kg) dose every other day over the course of a 9-day period (i.e., resulting in five injection trials). In this experiment, each subsequent test produced a reliable reduction in the magnitude of the ataxic response, and by the fifth drug challenge, the PCP animals were performing at near-control levels. These results suggest that the “paw slip test” can serve as a simple, reliable, objective and valid measure of drug-induced ataxia. The relevance of the ataxia data for interpreting the locomotor response of animals treated with PCP is also discussed.
Neural Systems and Cognitive Processes

The desire to discover and the fear of oversimplifying neural substrates for cognitive processes has been a continuing problem for psychology since the failure of phrenology in the last twenty years, work in cognition has usually proceeded in isolation from studies of the brain. During this period cognitive researchers have developed detailed componential analyses of many complex human skills. These analyses break skills such as word finding or scanning images into sets of elementary mental operations that are suitable for computer programs. The development of methods for imaging the human brain and for exploring the cellular basis of cognition in nonhuman animals has provided new impetus for efforts to explore the level of analysis at which connections between cognitive processes and neural systems can be best developed. In several areas of research this effort promises to provide advances which avoid over-simplification but still illuminate questions of interest to psychology and neuroscience.
Society of Family Planning clinical recommendations: contraception after surgical abortion.

Abstract These recommendations present an evidence-based assessment of provision of contraceptives at the time of surgical abortion. Most methods of contraception, including the intrauterine devices (IUD), implant, depot medroxyprogesterone injection, oral contraceptive pill, contraceptive patch, monthly vaginal ring, barrier methods and some permanent methods, can be safely initiated immediately after first- or second-trimester surgical abortion. Provision of postabortion contraceptives, particularly IUDs and implants, substantially reduces subsequent unintended pregnancy. IUD insertion immediately following uterine aspiration is safe. While this may be associated with a higher risk of device expulsion than with interval placement, expulsion rates remain low, and this risk must be weighed against the fact that patients often do not receive their desired IUD at an interval insertion and therefore experience higher rates of subsequent unintended pregnancy. Many patients experience barriers that prevent access to the full spectrum of postabortion contraceptive options, particularly IUDs and implants. Advancements in health-systems-based point-of-care provision and policies are needed to improve comprehensive contraceptive availability following surgical abortion. These recommendations will address clinical considerations for postabortion contraceptive provision and recommend interventions to improve contraceptive access following uterine evacuation.
Fruits, Seeds, and Seedlings

Fruits, of which there are many different types, develop from the ovary wall of angiosperms. The mature ovary wall that becomes the fruit is called the pericarp. Fruits are classified based on pericarp characters such as dry vs. fleshy, whether or not they release seed upon maturity, and if the pericarp layers are papery, hard, or fleshy. Aggregate fruits are a collection of fused, individual fruits, and multiple fruits are a collection of fused flowers, each producing an individual fruit. Seeds are surrounded and protected by the seed coat, which is derived from the integuments of the ovule. The process of seed germination that completes the life cycle of so many plants takes different developmental routes depending on whether the cotyledons stay below ground or emerge above ground and whether plant is a eudicot or a monocot.
Endovascular treatment of acute ischaemic stroke under conscious sedation: Predictors of poor outcomes

Background and Aims: Though, many practitioners prefer conscious sedation (CS), it is unclear which factors most influence neurological outcome following mechanical thrombectomy under CS. The aim of this retrospective study is to identify these factors. Methods: After institutional review board approval, data were collected for the patients >18 years of age who underwent endovascular treatment of AIS under CS at our comprehensive stroke centre between January 2009 and June 2015. The primary outcome measure was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge. A good outcome was defined as mRS 0–3 and poor outcome as mRS 4–6. Univariate and logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the independent predictors of poor outcomes at discharge. A P
What happened to the crypto dream?, Part 2

Despite privacy-preserving cryptography technologies' potential, they've largely failed to find commercial adoption. Reasons include people's unawareness of privacy-preserving cryptography, developers' lack of expertise, the field's complexity, economic constraints, and trust issues. View part 1 of this article (from the March/April 2013 issue) here: http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/MSP.2013.45.
Do scavengers prevent or promote disease transmission? The effect of invertebrate scavenging on Ranavirus transmission

Host–parasite interactions are shaped by the broader web of community interactions, from interspecific competition to predator–prey dynamics. Heterospecific scavengers might also affect parasite transmission from infectious carcasses, which can be an important source of infections for some wildlife diseases. A robust scavenger community can quickly remove carcasses and tissue and thus prevent secondary transmission by necrophagy or contact with infectious carcasses. Alternatively, by spreading infectious particles and tissues throughout the environment, scavengers may increase rates of casual contact with pathogens and thus overall transmission. However, there has been little empirical consideration of the contrasting roles that scavengers might play in infectious disease dynamics. We carried out a series of studies to determine the efficiency with which scavenging invertebrates remove carcasses of Long‐toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) larvae and their role in the transmission of frog virus 3 (Genus: Ranavirus, Family: Iridoviridae) from carcasses. We then estimated the functional response of one efficient invertebrate scavenger (Family: Dytiscidae) to increasing carcass densities in field conditions in order to determine the capacity of scavenging invertebrates to consume large amounts of carcass tissue, as may be present at high prevalence sites. We found that removal of infectious carcasses by scavengers strongly reduced transmission to naive larvae. Scavengers were as effective at reducing transmission from a carcass as a physical barrier preventing contact with the carcass. There was little evidence that scavenging released sufficient infectious tissues into the water column to rival direct contact as a route of infection. Moreover, while scavenging rates saturated at increasing carcass densities, consistent with a type II functional response, there were sufficient densities of dytiscid larvae, not to mention other scavenging invertebrates, in a surveyed pond to theoretically prevent transmission from carcasses. Our results suggest that at least in systems in which conspecific necrophagy is common, the scavenger community can play an important role in reducing transmission. A plain language summary is available for this article.
10 – Soluble Chemical Combinatorial Libraries: Current Capabilities and Future Possibilities

A large number of libraries of chemically diverse compounds are now available, and these can be used to identify highly active peptide and non-peptide libraries. This availability of chemically diverse compounds is at the forefront of a revolution in basic research and drug discovery. In contrast to the expectations of “rational drug design,” which enables analogs to be designed on the basis of detailed understanding of molecular interactions, the chemical library diversity enables the direct de novo discovery of lead compounds, as well as the enhancement of the activity of existing compounds. Currently available libraries allow the identification of the most active sequences from hundreds of millions of peptides or modified peptides. Such libraries offer a fundamental, practical advance in the study of interactions between peptides and their biochemical or pharmacological targets. The peptide libraries fall into three broad categories: synthetic chemical approaches, synthetic chemistry approaches, and the molecular biology approaches. This chapter describes the aforementioned approaches along with the description of preparation of soluble combinatorial libraries made up of peptides for a variety of applications. Peptide libraries are also being constructed, which are cyclic and disulfide-linked in nature. These developments may expand the utility of libraries to enable the screening of the full repertoire of existing molecular architectures.
Time Delays in a Genetic Positive-Feedback Circuit

Many principles of feedback control can be found implemented in complex biological networks. Dealing with transcription networks, positive feedbacks have been shown to frequently occur, providing biological toggle switches eventually leading a cell to its correct fate according to the proper stimulation. This note investigates the effects of delays related to the positive feedback of a basic transcription network. Motivation stems from the fact that, in spite of its toy-model features, the chosen transcription network is exploited to model the Tat feedback circuit that drives the HIV infected cells fate from active viral replication to latency. The delay is modeled by means of a cascade of transformations required to activate the transcription factor deputed to control: similar expedients are known to be exploited in cellular activities to schedule different biological functions at different timings. Our investigation is carried out by means of the stochastic approach, shown to be unavoidable to catch the noise-induced bimodality fashion of the circuit: by properly tuning the stochastic delay parameters, the regulatory circuit loses bimodality, and the transcription factor probability distribution converges to a Poisson distribution.
Prescribed fire and partial overstory removal alter an acorn-rodent conditional mutualism.

In eastern North America, oak (Quercus) regeneration failure has spurred management using silvicultural approaches better aligned with the autecology of oaks. In particular, shelterwood harvests can create favorable intermediate light conditions for oak establishment and prescribed fire is predicted (by the oak-fire hypothesis) to favor oak regeneration. These approaches substantially modify forest structure and may affect crucial trophic interactions including the conditional mutualism between oaks and granivorous rodents that scatterhoard acorns, which shifts along a continuum from antagonistic to mutualistic depending on external factors. We investigated how overwinter survival and dispersal of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) acorns were influenced by location within or outside of group shelterwood harvests (small canopy gaps created throughout an intact forest stand) with and without prescribed fire. We conducted two concurrent experiments to test (1) dispersal and survival of acorns presented on the forest floor and (2) acorn pilferage rates from caches that mimic squirrel scatterhoards in shelterwood gap/group interiors, edges, and the uncut forest matrix in burned and unburned forest stands. In both experiments, acorn survival was generally higher in burned than unburned stands. Acorn survival from forest floor presentations was higher in the unharvested forest matrix than harvest gap interiors; however, there was no effect of proximity to harvest gaps on survival of cached acorns. Survival of cached acorns was associated with understory vegetative cover (-), coarse woody debris cover (-), and distance to nearest tree (+), but uncorrelated with canopy cover above the cache. Our results suggest that reduced understory cover following prescribed fire may increase perceived habitat riskiness for granivores resulting in higher acorn survival up to 2 yr post-fire. These findings unify the oak-fire and oak-granivore conditional mutualism hypotheses, and suggest that the environmental conditions following prescribed fire and group shelterwood harvests may shift the oak-granivore conditional mutualism in a direction beneficial for oak regeneration.
On the Numerical Transient in Time-Stepping Finite Element Analysis of Induction Motors: Fundamental Concepts

Time-stepping finite element (TS-FE) analysis when employed for induction motor modeling, results in a long and time-consuming numerical transient before it reaches a steady-state solution. During this numerical transient stage, no useful and reliable performance characteristics can be extracted from the TS-FE data. When a steady-state magnetic field distribution is reached throughout the magnetic circuit of the machine, performance characterization can be calculated in such a device by TS-FE algorithms. The resulting computations will correspond to the operating point at a given frequency, slip and load torque. This long transient profile is dependent on the chosen operating point and the electric and magnetic circuits material parameters and configurations. In this paper, the focus is on the study of such numerical transient responses under various supply frequencies, slips, and materials of rotor bar cage conductivities. Through this study, the behavior of this transient phenomenon is examined in terms of actual CPU time and required electrical cycles to reach steady state. The studies conducted in this paper are pursued for both voltage source and current source excitations. The emphasis in this paper is on better understanding of the problem, while in a companion paper the emphasis is on proceeding further and providing approaches that shorten this lengthy numerical transient.
Prophylactic Treatment of the Pelvic Lymphatics in Patients with High-Risk Prostate Cancer: Pro Radiation

The role of prophylactic whole pelvic irradiation in men with clinically localized intermediate to high prostate cancer continues to be one of the most hotly debated topics among Radiation Oncologist. This review focuses on the “Pro” side of the argument providing data from prospective randomized trials, retrospective studies, and studies based on patients receiving adjuvant or salvage external beam radiation following a radical prostatectomy. The preponderance of data appears to support pelvic nodal irradiation in appropriately selected patients, however the author acknowledges the need for Phase III Trials to confirm the benefits of this approach.
Label-free histomorphometry of peripheral nerve by stimulated Raman spectroscopy.

Background Conventional processing of nerve for histomorphometry is resource-intensive, precluding use in intraoperative assessment of nerve quality during nerve transfer procedures. Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a label-free technique that enables rapid and high-resolution histology. Methods Segments of healthy murine sciatic nerve, healthy human obturator nerve, and human cross-facial nerve autografts were imaged on a custom SRS microscope. Myelinated axon quantification was performed through segmentation using a random forest machine learning algorithm in commercial software. Results High contrast, high-resolution imaging of nerve morphology was obtained with SRS imaging. Automated myelinated axon quantification from cross-sections of healthy human nerve imaged using SRS was achieved. Conclusions Herein, we demonstrate the use of a label-free technique for rapid imaging of murine and human peripheral nerve cryosections. We illustrate the potential of this technique to inform intraoperative decision-making through rapid automated quantification of myelinated axons using a machine learning algorithm.
Policy, Preparation, and Practice . . . Oh My! Current Policy Regarding the Paraprofessional Role and Preparation for Working With Students With Disabilities:

Over the past two decades, the paraprofessional role has expanded to include a variety of support roles in both general and special education. Although the most recent 2004 reauthorization of the I...
Practical Methods for Imputing Follower Count Dynamics

Microblogging sites have become important data sources for studying network dynamics and information transmission. Both areas of study, however, require accurate counts of indegree, or follower cou...
CMB Anisotropies from Outflows in Lyman Break Galaxies

Thomson scattering of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) on moving electrons in the outflows of Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) at redshifts 2-8 contributes to the small-scale CMB anisotropies. The net effect produced by each outflow depends on its level of deviation from spherical symmetry, caused either by an anisotropic energy injection from the nuclear starburst or quasar activity, or by an inhomogeneous intergalactic environment. We find that for plausible outflow parameters consistent with spectroscopic observations of LBGs, the induced CMB anisotropies on arcminute scales reach up to $\sim 1 \mu$K, comparable to the level produced during the epoch of reionization.
Association between mid-term worsening renal function and mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with chronic kidney disease.

INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute kidney injury (AKI) and worsening renal function at 30 days after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) portend poor outcomes. We sought to evaluate the association between worsening renal function at 3-6 months and mortality among patients with baseline renal dysfunction undergoing TAVR. METHODS This is a retrospective study of patients with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 1.5 times compared to baseline, absolute increase of ≥0.3 mg/dl, or initiation of dialysis. RESULTS Of 683 patients reviewed, 176 were included in the analysis (median age 84 [IQR 79-88] years, 56% female). Of these, 27 (15.3%) had worsening renal function. AKI post-TAVR (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.1-7.4, p = .03) and transfusion of ≥4 units red blood cells (OR 8.4, 95% CI 1.2-59, p = .03) were independent predictors of worsening renal function. Worsening renal function increased risk for mortality (HR 2.2, 95% CI 1.17-4.27, p = .015) at a median follow-up of 691 days. Those with improved/stable function with baseline GFR < 60 ml/min had comparable mortality risk to those with baseline GFR ≥ 60 ml/min (18% vs. 16.5%; HR 1.1, 95% CI 0.72-1.75, p = .62). CONCLUSION Among patients with baseline renal dysfunction, only 15% developed worsening renal function at 3-6 months after TAVR, which was associated with increased mortality. Predictors for worsening renal function include AKI and blood transfusions. Preventative measures peri-procedurally and continued monitoring post-discharge are warranted to improve outcomes.
Prompting collaborative and exploratory discourse: An epistemic network analysis study

By encouraging elementary students to work collaboratively, they can gain essential skills such as perspective taking, conflict negotiation, and asking for and receiving assistance. Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA) is an analytic technique that provides an alternative to more typical approaches to analyzing and synthesizing coded dialogue. This study used an easy-to-implement prompting intervention in the context of collaborative (pair) programming with upper elementary students to demonstrate the potential of ENA to understand the impact of the intervention. We found that intervention students—those given empirically-derived prompts in support of collaborative and exploratory talk—asked questions, justified their thinking, and offered alternative ideas in ways that were both qualitatively and quantitatively different from control students.
Data Security and Patient Privacy

The field of cybersecurity has been transformed by the growing sophistication of organized criminal elements using cyberattacks for financial gain. Security experts who had previously been focused on compliance and social engineering have been forced to pivot toward ransomware and nation-state attacks. Many of these attacks have targeted major health systems, leading to weeks of downtime and interuption of care. Responding to these threats requires both knowledge and adoption of many of the old tools as well as new safeguards that are being developed. This chapter focuses on data security risks of the recent past, the present, and the immediate future.
Michelangelo Out Of Focus: Medievalism As Absent Life In Italian Renaissance Art

Before asking what qualified as 'medieval' for Italian Renaissance writers and artists, this chapter first investigates what defined 'modern' painting for them. It shows that the Renaissance discovered its own origins-its modernity not so much in the Greco-Roman past but in the presence of life in the work of art. At least within the realm of painting, this model defines the renaissance as a birth of life rather than a re-birth of culture. The chapter focuses on Michelangelo, whose art came under attack in the years after 1500 because it purportedly foregrounded life and biography at the cost of religious subject-matter. Michelangelo countered those arguments in paintings and drawings that cancel biography through an erasure of the traces of life, an erasure that defines 'medievalism' as the figuration of death-both of the author and lifelike art. Keywords: Italian renaissance art; medievalism; Michelangelo; modern painting
The relationship between sense of community and satisfaction on future intentions to attend an association's annual meeting

Abstract Annual association meetings are imperative to associations because they are the biggest revenue source outside of membership dues. The constant challenge for associations is to come up with innovative ideas to create a meeting experience that can build attendance and retain members year after year. This study proposes that the psychological factor sense of community drives people to an association meeting every year. The purpose of the study is to understand the sense of community at an annual meeting among association members and whether sense of community has an influence on future intentions to attend the annual meeting. In addition, the mediating effect of satisfaction on sense of community and future intentions is examined.
N-Linked Oligosaccharides of Sea Urchin Egg Jelly Induce the Sperm Acrosome Reaction. (fertilization/acrosome reaction/sea urchin/sperm/N-linked oligosaccharides)

The sea urchin egg jelly coat (EJ) induces the acrosome reaction (AR) of sperm. We previously demonstrated that a fraction of EJ containing two glycoproteins of 82- and 138-kDa possess the AR inducing activity (8). Here we show that Peptide-N-Glycosidase-F treatment of EJ followed by precipitation and washing in 70% ethanol results in a substantial loss of AR inducing activity in the ethanol insoluble material. When a PNGase-F digest of EJ is chromatographed on a Sepacryl-200 gel filtration column, an AR inducing fraction elutes within the partitioning volume. Acrosome reaction inducing activity of undigested EJ does not elute within the partitioning volume. The chromatographed AR inducing fraction of the PNGase-F digest reacts strongly in the phenol-sulfuric assay demonstrating carbohydrate is present; silver stained gels do not detect the presence of protein. Harsh alkaline hydrolysis of EJ in an excess of NaBH4, preserves a substantial amount of AR inducing activity. These data show that N-linked oligosaccharides released from EJ by PNGase-F digestion are capable of inducing the sperm acrosome reaction.
PEG-IFN-α-2b therapy in BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative disorders: Final result of a phase 2 study

BACKGROUND. Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) has shown significant activity in the treatment of BCR-ABL–negative myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs), particularly essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV). PEG-IFN-α-2b is a pegylated IFN-α-2b with a significant advantage over nonpegylated form in that it is administered once a week. METHODS. Thirty-eight patients with BCR-ABL–negative MPDs were treated with PEG-IFN-α-2b, given subcutaneously weekly, at the starting dose of 3 μg/kg/wk for the first 14 patients and then 2 μg/kg/wk for the next 24 patients, with intent to treat patients as long as they benefited from the therapy. RESULTS. Median age was 54 years. Patient diagnoses were: 13 (34%) ET; 11 (29%) primary myelofibrosis (PMF); 5 (13%) BCR-ABL–negative chronic myeloid leukemia (CML); 4 (10.5%) hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES); 4 (10.5%) PV; and 1 (3%) unclassified myeloproliferative disease (uMPD). Recorded grade 3–4 toxicities were related to fatigue, myelosuppression, and musculoskeletal pain. Ten (26%) patients stopped treatment because of toxicity. Thirteen (34%) patients achieved a complete remission, and 4 (11%) achieved a partial response. Only 1 patient with PMF responded. Median time to response was 5 months. Median duration of response was 20 months. Three patients had a sustained response for >24 months. CONCLUSIONS. PEG-IFN-α-2b, with proper dose modifications, is effective in controlling disease in a significant proportion of BCR-ABL–negative MPD patients, particularly ET and PV. However, toxicities encountered with PEG-IFN-α-2b therapy are similar to those obtained with conventional IFN-α, thus limiting the duration of therapy. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Onset of erythropoietin response in murine erythroid colony-forming units: assignment to early S-phase in a specific cell generation

Murine erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-E) representing successive cell generations in a six-generation long in vitro maturation sequence were tested for their response to erythropoietin (Epo) by measurement of Epo-exposure times necessary to stimulate heme biosynthesis. Generation I CFU-E, which produce mainly 32-cell erythroid colonies, were isolated in 82% average purity from spleens of thiamphenicol- treated anemic animals via differential centrifugation. Generation II CFU-E, which produce mainly 16-cell colonies, were similarly isolated in 51% average purity. Although both types of CFU-E had equivalent dose sensitivity to and affinity for Epo, generation II CFU-E responded to shorter pulses of Epo than did generation I. Correlations between DNA cell-cycle profiles and 59Fe-heme biosynthesis resulting from pulsed exposures established that appreciable Epo response only begins when CFU-E attain early S-phase of generation II. Because CFU-E did not require Epo or other serum factors to pass from generation I to II and because the onset of Epo responsiveness coincided with the beginning of DNA replication in generation II, we suppose that differentiation has reprogrammed one or more of the events associated with generation II S- phase in CFU-E and that these alterations allow Epo to act. Further comparisons between CFU-E from generation I and II may allow us to identify the alterations in question and the nature of their interaction with Epo.
Using Simulated Annealing to Factor Numbers

AbstractAlmost all public secure communication relies on the inability tofactor large numbers. There is no known analytic or classical numericmethod to rapidly factor large numbers. Shor[1] has shown that aquantum computer can factor numbers in polynomial time but thereis no practical quantum computer that can yet do such computations.We show that a simulated annealing[2] approach can be adapted toﬁnd factors of large numbers. 1 Approach Simulated annealing is an approach inspired by statistical mechanics whichby analogy views the values of a multivariable numeric problem as phys-ical states of particles. Simulated annealing is very useful practically forproblems such as the traveling salesperson problem and other so called NP-complete problems which have no known polynomial time numeric solutions.Let N be the given number to be factored, and use N in base 2 withndigits. We seek numbers Aand B (written in binary with respectively aand bdigits) such that A∗ B = N with Athe larger number (so a>= b).Now, a+b= nor n+1. For a given N there are at most n−2 possibilitiesfor {a,b}. (Remember that a>b, and the leftmost digit of both A and Bmust be a 1.) Factor A, with abinary digits, can have 1,2,3,...,a1s in its1
Sympathetic Neural and α‐Adrenergic Modulation of Arrhythmiasa

alpha 1-Adrenergic stimulation of the neonatal heart may induce either an increase or a decrease in ventricular automaticity, with the latter response predominating as age increases. We used isolated tissues from the hearts of neonatal and adult dogs and rats, as well as rat myocytes in tissue culture alone or in coculture with sympathetic nerves, to study the role of sympathetic innervation in modulating the alpha-adrenergic response. In the absence of sympathetic innervation, alpha-adrenergic stimulation uniformly increases automaticity. As the myocyte is innervated, an increased quantity of a GTP regulatory protein is detectable. That this protein is an essential transducer of alpha-adrenergic inhibition of automaticity is evidenced by the conversion of the alpha response from excitatory to inhibitory as the protein develops. ADP-ribosylation of the protein with pertussis toxin causes the alpha response to revert to excitation in both adult canine hearts and innervated myocytes in tissue culture. Hence, we have evidence for sympathetic modulation of cardiac rhythm via a regulatory protein whose function depends on normal neuronal development. Abnormal development of innervation may predispose to arrhythmogenesis via persistence of a primitive response to alpha stimulation.
Practical, Ethical, and Legal Considerations regarding Videocounseling in College and University Counseling Centers: A Response to Quarto's "Influencing College Students' Perceptions of Videocounseling"

As society moves into the second decade of the 21st century, information and communication technologies have established themselves firmly in daily life for most individuals with means and access t...
Target detection in MIMO radar in the presence of Doppler using complementary sequences

In this paper, we present a method for detecting a point target using multiple antennas when the relative motion between the receivers and the target induces a non-negligible Doppler shift. As a key illustrative example, we consider a 4×4 system employing a unitary matrix waveform set, e.g., formed from Golay complementary sequences. When a non-negligible Doppler shift is induced by the target motion, the wave-form matrix formed from the complementary sequences is no longer unitary, resulting in significantly degraded target range estimates. To solve this problem, we adopt a subspace based approach exploiting the observation that the receive matrix formed from matched filtering of the reflected waveforms has a (non-trivial) null-space. Through processing of the waveforms with the appropriate vector from the null-space, we can significantly improve the detection performance. We provide simulation results to confirm the theoretical analysis.
Consistency problems of hypergravity

Abstract The constraints arising upon coupling a massless spin 5 2 field to gravity are analyzed. In contrast to supergravity, they depend not only on the Einstein tensor, but also on the off-shell (Weyl) components of the curvature. The latter contributions do vanish, however, for “self-dual” systems, i.e., half-flat gravitational and pure (left/right) helicity spin 5 2 fields.
Comparing Computerized Physician Order Entry Usability between Expert and Novice Primary Care Physicians

Objectives: To examine usability gaps between expert and novice primary care physicians when using computerized provider order entry (CPOE). Methods: To analyze usability gaps between ten novice and seven expert physicians, using the triangular method approach, usability tests involving video analysis were conducted. Results: While most novice physicians completed tasks less proficiently, and provided a lower System Usability Scale (SUS) score than expert physicians, the result of âpercent task success rateâ (t(8) = 2.31, p=0.98) was not significant for both physician groups on all five tasks. Seven common and four unique usability issues were identified between the two physician groups. Three themes emerged during analysis: user interface issues, ambiguous terminologies, and training and education issues. Discussion and Conclusion: This study identified varying usability issues for users of CPOE with different expertise. Two additional iterations of the usability data collections are undergoing to uncover comprehensive usability issues and measure the learnability.
Kinetic evidence for Na(+)-glucose co-transport in the pigmented rabbit conjunctiva.

PURPOSE. To obtain kinetic evidence for the existence of a Na + -coupled glucose co-transport process on the mucosal (tear) side of the pigmented rabbit conjunctiva. METHODS. The excised pigmented rabbit conjunctiva was mounted in the modified Ussing chamber for measurement of 22 Na and 3 H-3-O-methyl-D-glucose (3-O-MG) fluxes. RESULTS. In the presence of 5 mM glucose, the conjunctival tissue showed net Na + absorption in the mucosal-to-serosal direction at an approximate rate of 0.15 µEq/cm 2 /h. This net Na + absorption was abolished by serosally added 0.5 mM ouabain, but not affected by mucosally added 0.1 mM or 1 mM amiloride. There was a 40–60% reduction in net Na + absorption under the glucose-free condition or in the mucosal presence of 0.5 mM phlorizin. Moreover, serosally added ouabain and mucosally added phlorizin (both at 0.5 mM) significantly decreased the 3-O-MG permeability coefficient in the mucosal-to-serosal direction by about 70%, whereas mucosally instilled 0.1–1.0 mM amiloride was with...
Determination of magnetic anisotropy constants for garnet films from angular dependence of FMR

Abstract More precise analytic expressions for ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) of a {111} garnet film have been derived, including the contribution of the uniaxial anisotropy term and higher order cubic anisotropy terms. The deviation between the magnetization equilibrium direction and the applied field direction are taeen into consideration by using a series expansion of the deviation angle in terms of the energy derivatives as a power series in 1/ H . The approximation has been taken to second order in the anisotropy fields. The angular dependence of FMR for a CaGe:YIG film has been analyzed with the magnetic anisotropy energy constants determined by fitting the experimental curves.
How to characterize the vacuum environment

Abstract A vacuum environment is usually described by the pressure(s) P of the gas(es) present, where P is defined by the equation of state. However, P is of no interest and negligibly small except in the forevacuum. Pressure P may be affected by the nature of the surface. The concept of pressure is only applicable to systems which are isotropic and isothermal, while a gas density n can be ascribed to all systems. Similarly, the throughput Q, an energy flux, is of no interest, except sometimes in cryopumping. What is visualized, is the particle flux F. Contrary to Q, the quantity F is constant in a non-isothermal system in stationary flow. Hence n and F should be employed instead of P and Q. It is proposed to introduce practical unit of density, the gas density at 293 K and 1 bar, approximately the density of air at sea level, and call it 1 Gaede. Gaede would indicate the degree of gas rarification.
Chloride complexation of element 104

Abstract We have investigated the chloride complexation of element 104 and compared it to that of the actinides and Hf. The 65-s α-emitting isotope 261104 was produced via the bombardment of 248Cm with 18O ions, and the recoil products were transported to a fast computer-controlled apparatus for performing chemical experiments. This system allowed the experiments to be repeated many times to compensate for the very small number or 261104 atoms produced in each bombardment. The formation of anionic-chloride complexes with element 104 was compared to those with Hf, Cm, and Fm by testing their relative absorption onto a column containing a quaternary amine. The results show that in 12 M HCl solutions the chloride complexation of element 104 is clearly stronger than that of the trivalent actinides and is quite similar to that of Hf, which is expected to be its homolog in the periodic table.
Low frequency Raman spectrum of disordered ammonium chloride

Abstract High resolution, low noise Raman spectra of disordered NH 4 Cl are presented for frequencies up to 900 cm −1 . Eight of the observed peaks are found to coincide with the critical point frequencies of the ordered structure as calculated by Cowley and observed by Smith, and the remaining six peaks may be interpreted as combination bands. The appearance of the critical point features is interpreted as due to the breaking of the usual wave vector conservation selection rules and to the short coherence lengths of the vibrational modes of the disordered system.
The female condom, a tool for empowering sexually active urban adolescent women.

Adolescent women are at high risk of sexually transmitted diseases/human immunodeficiency virus (STDs/HIV) because of physiologic susceptibility and risky sexual behavior. The latter may be related to the “personal factors” of self-efficacy, sexual knowledge, self-esteem, and ability to communicate/negotiate. In the current study, near-peers attempted to have an impact on these factors by using the female condom as a negotiating tool for safer sex in a group of 100 urban adolescent women recruited from an adolescent health center waiting room. This pilot study consisted of a questionnaire, a workshop on how to use the female condom and negotiate its use, and follow-up interviews at 1 and 4 months. Demographics of the study sample define a multiethnic (40% black, 33% Hispanic) group in late adolescence (average age 18 years) completing high school. At baseline, 18% evidenced depression, 62% had moderate-to-low self-esteem, 91% had an internal locus of control. At baseline, male condom use in the prior 6 months was 28% always, 51% inconsistently, 21% never. When baseline and follow-up scores were compared, there was a statistically significant increase in sexual knowledge and self-efficacy, together with the suggestion of improved negotiating skills. At 1 month, 50% (20/40) had tried the female condom, and 17 of these women planned to use it in the future. Total percentage of protected sex acts increased significantly during the follow-up period through increased use of both the male and female condoms. The data suggest that adolescent women will accept the female condom and can be empowered to protect themselves from STDs/ HIV through its application or through the using of it as a negotiating tool.
Task complexity and contingent processing in decision making: A replication and extension

Abstract The hypothesis that choice strategy is contingent upon task complexity was subjected to further testing using protocol analysis in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design laboratory study involving 40 subjects. As the number of alternatives increased, subjects switched from a one-stage, compensatory strategy to a multistage strategy involving first a noncompensatory screening stage followed by a compensatory evaluation of remaining alternatives. As the number of attributes per alternative increased, subjects differentially weighted the available information to simplify further the choice task. And as the complexity of the attributes increased, subjects tended to adopt a choice strategy with a screening strategy consisting of two separate stages. These findings were corroborated by separate analysis of quantitative measures of extent of processing and by separate analysis of latency measures. This study provides further support for the contingent processing hypothesis and for the attribute complexity hypothesis, and it increases our confidence in the use of protocol analysis as a viable process tracing technique.
The pathobiologic features of carcinomas of type II pneumocytes. An immunocytologic study.

Adenocarcinomas of the lung without squamous differentiation or obvious mucus production from 51 patients were studied. Twenty-eight tumors (55%), when stained with rabbit anti-human surfactant apoprotein antiserum by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method, demonstrated characteristic nuclear inclusions. Most of these tumors could be identified histochemically by the presence of eosinophilic, periodic acidSchiff (PAS)-positive nuclear inclusions. In patients with apoprotein-immunoreactive tumors there were nine deaths due to tumor (32%) within 5 years of diagnosis. Eight of the nine deaths occurred in patients whose tumors exceeded 3 cm in diameter, an equal number of patients were smokers. The average age of patients with apoprotein-positive tumors was 67.3 years, a figure greater than that for patients with apoprotein-negative tumors (61.4 years). Five of the 23 patients with apoprotein-negative tumors died of their neoplasms; in two of the subjects the tumors exceeded 3 cm in diameter. In that no significant difference in survival was observed in patients with apoprotein-positive and apoprotein-negative tumors, it was concluded that subclassification of adenocarcinomas of the lung as apoprotein-positive, i.e., type I1 pneumocytic, or as apoprotein-negative, is of no clinical or prognostic significance. Nonetheless, peripheral tumors measuring less than 3 cm in size and showing neither squamous differentiation nor obvious mucus production should be recognized as a prognostically favorable group in comparison with other types of lung carcinomas. Cancer 57:994-999, 1986.
Effect of protamine on plasma ionized calcium in the dog

Ten anaesthetized, heparinized healthy adult dogs were infused with protamine sulphate 3 mg.kg-1 and plasma ionized calcium was measured. A significant (p < 0.01) decrease in ionized calcium occurred which preceded the maximal reduction in cardiac output and systemic arterial pressure. The clinical implications of these results are discussed.
Proof of classical versions of the Bousso entropy bound and of the generalized second law

Bousso has conjectured that in any spacetime satisfying Einstein's equation and satisfying the dominant energy condition, the ``entropy flux'' S through any null hypersurface L generated by geodesics with non-positive expansion starting from some spacelike 2 surface of area A must satisfy $Sl~A/4G\ensuremath{\Elzxh}.$ This conjecture reformulates earlier conjectured entropy bounds of Bekenstein and also of Fischler and Susskind, and can be interpreted as a statement of the so-called holographic principle. We show that Bousso's entropy bound can be derived from either of two sets of hypotheses. The first set of hypotheses is (i) associated with each null surface L in spacetime there is an entropy flux 4-vector ${s}_{L}^{a}$ whose integral over L is the entropy flux through L, and (ii) along each null geodesic generator of L, we have $|{s}_{L}^{a}{k}_{a}|l~\ensuremath{\pi}({\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\lambda}{)T}_{\mathrm{ab}}{k}^{a}{k}^{b}/\ensuremath{\Elzxh},$ where ${T}_{\mathrm{ab}}$ is the stress-energy tensor, $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ is an affine parameter, ${k}^{a}=(d/d\ensuremath{\lambda}{)}^{a},$ and ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}$ is the value of affine parameter at the endpoint of the geodesic. The second (purely local) set of hypotheses is (i) there exists an absolute entropy flux 4-vector ${s}^{a}$ such that the entropy flux through any null surface L is the integral of ${s}^{a}$ over L, and (ii) this entropy flux 4-vector obeys the pointwise inequalities ${(s}_{a}{k}^{a}{)}^{2}l~{T}_{\mathrm{ab}}{k}^{a}{k}^{b}/(16\ensuremath{\pi}{\ensuremath{\Elzxh}}^{2}G)$ and $|{k}^{a}{k}^{b}{\ensuremath{\nabla}}_{a}{s}_{b}|l~\ensuremath{\pi}{T}_{\mathrm{ab}}{k}^{a}{k}^{b}/(4\ensuremath{\Elzxh})$ for any null vector ${k}^{a}.$ Under the first set of hypotheses, we also show that a stronger entropy bound can be derived, which directly implies the generalized second law of thermodynamics.
Synthesis of the Na-K-ATPase γ-subunit is regulated at both the transcriptional and translational levels in IMCD3 cells

We previously reported that hypertonicity-mediated upregulation of the γ-subunit of Na-K-ATPase is dependent on both the JNK and the PI3 kinase pathways (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 13414, 2001). Th...
A Critical Evaluation of the Relationships Between Arealometer Instrument Values and Cotton Fiber Perimeter Part I: Fundamentals and Computer Simulation

Arealometer instrument values are computer simulated to study the error in the calculated fiber perimeter P due to instrumental errors. (This airflow device senses the fiber's specific surface at two different specimen compressions; P and wall thickness t are computed from the readings.) Systematic changes over time in instrument values from designated true values are classified into thirteen nontrivial combinations. Each combination results in different P values and, consequently, a unique drift or error in P. Simulations of 50,000 Arealometer observations using actual standard deviation data from a control cotton are also run. These simulations show that random variations in instrument values over time are, in effect, an unordered sequence of the nontrivial combinations. Also, a mean taken from only two to six Arealometer observations— the accepted practice—does not adequately characterize a cotton sample. Fundamental relationships are probed with partial and total derivatives of Arealometer functions. ...
Treatment of MTBE by air stripping, carbon adsorption, and advanced oxidation: technical and economic comparison for five groundwaters.

Abstract An investigation was made of the treatability of methyl tert -butyl ether (MTBE) in five groundwaters with highly varied water quality characteristics. Air stripping, granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption, and the O 3 /H 2 O 2 and UV/H 2 O 2 advanced oxidation processes were compared in a mobile water treatment pilot plant under a variety of process conditions. Air stripping was shown to have the lower unit treatment costs for higher flowrates (i.e., 3800 L/min), although relatively tall towers were required for greater treatment requirements. At low flowrates (i.e., 38 L/min), advanced oxidation provided the lowest treatment costs for four of five waters (but was ineffective for a high chemical oxygen demand water). Both the O 3 /H 2 O 2 and UV/H 2 O 2 processes were more efficient at pH 7 versus 9 due in part to increased scavenging at higher pH. GAC was examined using rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCT). GAC was effective at most conditions, although it was also the most costly alternative for most waters. The results of this study can help to provide specific guidance into process selection for treating MTBE in contaminated groundwaters.