cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional consequences of FcεRiα up-regulation by IgE in human basophils

These studies examine the functional changes that occur after up-regulation of FcepsilonRIalpha by immunoglobulin E (IgE) for human basophils. Basophils were cultured with and without IgE antibody (PS myeloma IgE or anti-gp120-specific IgE) for 1 week and challenged with anti-IgE, anti-FcepsilonRIalpha, or antigen for histamine and IL-4 secretion. There were no statistically significant changes in their response to anti-IgE or anti-receptor antibodies, as compared with controls incubated for the same period, whereas receptor expression increased an average of 4-fold. There was increased responsiveness to antigenic challenge, most notably at suboptimal concentrations of antigen (gp120 peptide-ovalbumin conjugate). For a 6-fold difference in cell surface density of gp120-specific IgE, there was a 2.2-fold change in antigen potency or 3-fold increases in histamine release at lower antigen concentrations. Similar results were found for secretion of IL-4. Basophil sensitivity, which is a measure of the density of antigen-specific IgE required for 50% of maximal secretion, was used to determine whether up-regulation of FcepsilonRIalpha was coordinated with up-regulation of other components of the IgE-signaling pathway. The results indicated up-regulation of FcepsilonRI is not always accompanied by changes that allow sensitivity to be maintained. These results indicate that functional up-regulation does occur but that its magnitude may be modulated because not all components of the signaling pathway are up-regulated in a balanced manner.
Catching Up or Falling Behind? Income Distribution of Chinese Cities

This paper analyzes the evolution of Chinese urban income distribution across space and time in post-reform era. Our results suggest no evidence on income convergence across cities during the period 1984-2003. We find that cities with comparable income level are likely to be co-located in the same region; further, cities tend to mirror the mobility of their counterparts located in the same province, but not the same region. The divergence in urban income across the nation will continue if the current economic growth pattern persists in the future.
Theoretical Perspectives on Power and Resource Inequality

This chapter reviews select lines of social psychological work on power and resource inequality. Specifically, we review and analyze four broad themes that are inter-woven across diverse traditions of social psychology. First, we review exchange and rational choice accounts of power that emphasize how power divides, differentiates, and creates gradients of resource inequality among individuals. Second, we examine symbolic accounts of power that emphasize how powerful individuals define the situation and have the ability to establish shared definitions of reality. Third, we consider the cooperative aspects of power, that is, how and when power relations promote cohesion and solidarity by bringing people together around a common task or activity. Finally, we review how power and resource inequalities correlate with other social psychological processes. Along the way we consider how the various perspectives might benefit from greater attention to theoretical cross-fertilization.
Differential Expression of Cell Surface Molecules in Prostate Cancer Cells

The expression of 119 cell surface molecules was catalogued for three prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP, PC3, and DU145, all of which were established from metastases. Many of these molecules are common to all three cell lines, whereas some are differentially expressed. More prostate basal epithelial cell-specific than luminal epithelial cell-specific molecules are detected, especially in DU145 and PC3 cells. The cancer cells also express molecules that are not normally associated with prostate epithelial cells. As a population, expression of these molecules appears to be heterogeneous. This heterogeneity may be an inherent property of the population.
Digital Log Management System

Digital-log data is essential to any petrophysical and log-correlation software package. Gathering of such data, however, is often painstaking and laborious. A significant portion of the interpreter`s valuable time is spent in data compilation and verification. In response to this data management need in Conoco, the digital-log management system (called LMS) was developed. The LMS uses existing data-storage standards and stable technology to implement a common digital-log management solution throughout the company. To achieve system portability, LMS is delivered with a stable well-data model and a comprehensive log catalogue maintained in a relational database.
Synthesis of Phenyl or 4-Nitrophenyl Methyl β-Ketophosphonate Esters

Seven new aryl methyl g -ketophosphonate esters were synthesized. The hydrolytic rates of the compounds under physiological conditions were studied. Most of the compounds are effective inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. The enzyme recovers on the 10-50 h time scale from its adducts with two of the inhibitors.
Demonstration of basic concurrent-schedules effects with dogs: choice between different amounts of food.

Abstract Two experiments studied the ways dogs perform on concurrent operant schedules when choosing between different amounts of food. Experiment 1 allowed six dogs to choose between obtaining different amounts of food available for responding on two levers. Across phases of the experiment, the food amounts were available in four different weight-to-weight ratios, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1. The operant schedule was concurrent VI 60 sec VI 60 sec. The results showed that the dogs “undermatch” when the ratio of their responses on the two levers is plotted against the ratios of the amounts of food they produced by responding on those levers. When the response ratios were recomputed to include only those lever-presses that occurred outside the change-over delay (C.O.D.) period, the severity of undermatching was reduced, and the data averaged across all six dogs showed a matching function. Experiment 2 studied the effect of varying the duration of the C.O.D. when the dogs chose between food-amounts in a 3:1 weight-to-weight ratio. The number of times the dogs alternated between responding on the two levers per session was inversely related to the duration of the C.O.D., but the approximation to matching seems little affected.
Azimuthal Shaping of Cylindrical Accelerating Cavities for Improved Higher Order Mode Extraction

In cylindrically symmetric accelerator cavities equipped with higher order mode (HOM) couplers, the two polarizations of each deflecting mode are often fixed by the couplers themselves, leaving one polarization inadequately damped. This problem can be overcome by deliberate breaking of the cell's cylindrical symmetry. We describe a quasi-cylindrical cavity profile in which the polarization of the dipole, quadrupole, and sextupole HOM's are fixed at ±?/4, ±?/8, ±?/12 with respect to the intended coupler orientation, providing a maximally favorable situation for damping by a single coupler. A single cell S-band cavity was built to test the practicality of our design. The experimental data, in the range 3-7 GHz, conclusively shows that the mode polarizations can be controlled with only minor perturbations to the cell's cylindrical symmetry.
Validation of self-reported epilepsy for purposes of community surveillance

We evaluated the validity of questions designed to identify lifetime and active epilepsy, medication use, and seizure occurrence on population-based surveys. Subjects were interviewed by telephone, and responses were compared with information in their medical records. Prevalence, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated. The prevalence of ever having been diagnosed with epilepsy was 3.1% by self-report and 2.7% by medical record review. Sensitivity was 84.2%, specificity was 99.2%, and PPV was 73.5% for self-reported lifetime epilepsy, and values were similar for active epilepsy. By comparison, sensitivity was higher and specificity was lower for epilepsy medication use and seizure occurrence. The PPV for seizure occurrence was substantially higher for a recall period of 12 months than for 3 months. These results compare favorably with results for other chronic conditions, such as diabetes and arthritis, and indicate that questionnaires can be used to identify epilepsy at a population level.
Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Psychosis.

Biomarkers provide clinicians with a predictable model for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of medical ailments. Psychiatry has lagged behind other areas of medicine in the identification of biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we investigated the current state of neuroimaging as it pertains to biomarkers for psychosis. We reviewed systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the structural (sMRI), functional (fMRI), diffusion tensor (DTI), positron emission tomography (PET), and spectroscopy (MRS) studies of subjects at risk or those with an established schizophrenic illness. Only articles reporting effect sizes and confidence intervals were included in an assessment of robustness. Out of the identified meta-analyses and systematic reviews, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria for assessment. There were 13 sMRI, 4 PET, 3 MRS, and 1 DTI studies. The search terms included in the current review encompassed familial high risk (FHR), clinical high risk (CHR), first episode (FES), chronic (CSZ), schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs), and healthy controls (HCs). Currently, few neuroimaging biomarkers can be considered ready for diagnostic use in patients with psychosis. At least in part, this may be related to the challenges inherent in the current symptom-based approach to classifying these disorders. While available studies suggest a possible value of imaging biomarkers for monitoring disease progression, more systematic research is needed. To date, the best value of imaging data in psychoses has been to shed light on questions of disease pathophysiology, especially through the characterization of endophenotypes.
Flame photometric determination of potassium in sea water and marine organisms

Abstract A convenient flame photometric procedure for determining potassium in sea water and biological materials is described. Factors affecting the intensity of the spectral line emitted by potassium ions were studied. The major constituents of sea water showed no spectral interference on the potassium analysis. Chloride ions and sulphuric acid gave a negative radiation interference while sodium ions showed a positive effect. The “internal standard addition” procedure was used for eliminating the effect of these interfering constituents. An average potassium/chlorinity ratio of 0.538 was obtained for the Pacific coastal water with potassium concentration being expressed in mg-atom. The applicability of this procedure for the determination of potassium in biological materials was also demonstrated.
Momentum transport and collective modes in high ion temperature regimes

Abstract Plasma collective modes that are driven by a transverse gradient of the flow velocity in the direction of the confining magnetic field have an important role in explaining the experimentally observed momentum transport in conditions where the ion temperature exceeds the electron temperature. A new relevant regime is identified where modes with the desired characteristics are found to be excited.
Fast algorithms for phase and magnitude reconstruction from bispectra

Techniques are developed for signal reconstruction from sampIes of the bispectrum of a 1-D or 2-D signal. The phase and magnitude of the Fourier transform of a signal as well as those of the bispectrum are expanded into a series using a set of appropriate basis functions. Reconstruction is achieved by equating coefficients of like terms of these two expansions. The algorithms derive their speed by using a restricted portion of the bispectrum space and by being based on the use of the fast Fourier transform. In addition to detailed theoretical derivations, results of computer simulation are provided.
The relation of photosynthetic phosphorylation to the Hill reaction.

Abstract Ferricyanide reduction and accompanying phosphorylation were shown to be increased similarly by the addition of Mg, phosphate and ADP. The presence of all three components is necessary for maximal reductive and phosphorylative activity. Similar increases in the rate of ferricyanide reduction can also be induced by a dilution technique. The additionm of Mg, ADP and phosphate to a chloroplast suspension treated by the dilution technique does not cause any further increase in the rate of ferricyanide reduction. • The reduction of trichloroindophenol dye shows similar, but much smaller, effects. • From light intensity studies, it is concluded that the effect is largely on the non-light-dependent steps of the Hill reaction. • ATP was shown to inhibit the rate of ferricyanide reduction. • The observations are explained in terms of a proposed scheme in which phosphate is esterified during electron transport reactions leading to ferricyanide reduction, and the rate of electron transport is limited by the rate of phosphorylation.
Changes in adrenal responsiveness and potassium balance with shifts in sodium intake.

Dietary sodium modulates the aldosterone response to angiotensin, but available evidence does not indicate whether there is a gradual change in adrenal responsiveness with intermediate sodium intakes or a sharp shift from a low to a high responsive level at some threshold sodium intake. Nine normal subjects received angiotensin II infusions while in balance on five levels of sodium intake over two orders of magnitude, 3 to 300 mEq sodium per day. Basal plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone and plasma angiotensin II concentrations gradually fell as dietary sodium intake increased. The adrenal was quite sensitive to the state of sodium balance since a shift in sodium intake of as little as 20 mEq (e.g. 10 to 30 mEq/day) induced a significant change in basal plasmaaldosterone. Adrenal responsiveness to infused angiotensin varied inversely with the log of urinary sodium excretion over the entire range of sodium intake, indicating that there is a gradual modulation of adrenal responsiveness with changes in...
The Effects and Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Nutrient α-Lipoic Acid on Improving Age-Associated Mitochondrial and Cognitive Dysfunction: An Overview

We have identified a group of nutrients that can directly or indirectly protect mitochondria from oxidative damage and improve mitochondrial function and named them ''mitochondrial nutrients''. The direct protection in- cludes preventing the generation of oxidants, scavenging free radicals or inhibiting oxidant reactivity, and elevating cofactors of defective mitochondrial enzymes with in- creased Michaelis-Menten constant to stimulate enzyme activity, and also protect enzymes from further oxidation, and the indirect protection includes repairing oxidative damage by enhancing antioxidant defense systems either through activation of phase 2 enzymes or through increase in mitochondrial biogenesis. In this review, we take a-li- poic acid (LA) as an example of mitochondrial nutrients by summarizing the protective effects and possible mecha- nisms of LA and its derivatives on age-associated cognitive and mitochondrial dysfunction of the brain. LA and its derivatives improve the age-associated decline of memory, improve mitochondrial structure and function, inhibit the age-associated increase of oxidative damage, elevate the levels of antioxidants, and restore the activity of key en- zymes. In addition, co-administration of LA with other mitochondrial nutrients, such as acetyl-L-carnitine and coenzyme Q10, appears more effective in improving cog- nitive dysfunction and reducing oxidative mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, administrating mitochondrial nutrients, such as LA and its derivatives in combination with other mitochondrial nutrients to aged people and pa- tients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases, may be an effective strategy for improving mitochondrial and cognitive dysfunction.
Image-based indoor localization system based on 3D SfM model

Indoor localization is an important research topic for both of the robot and signal processing communities. In recent years, image-based localization is also employed in indoor environment for the easy availability of the necessary equipment. After capturing an image and sending it to an image database, the best matching image is returned with the navigation information. By allowing further camera pose estimation, the image-based localization system with the use of Structure-from-Motion reconstruction model can achieve higher accuracy than the methods of searching through a 2D image database. However, this emerging technique is still only on the use of outdoor environment. In this paper, we introduce the 3D SfM model based image-based localization system into the indoor localization task. We capture images of the indoor environment and reconstruct the 3D model. On the localization task, we simply use the images captured by a mobile to match the 3D reconstructed model to localize the image. In this process, we use the visual words and the approximate nearest neighbor methods to accelerate the process of nding the query feature's correspondences. Within the visual words, we conduct linear search in detecting the correspondences. From the experiments, we nd that the image-based localization method based on 3D SfM model gives good localization result based on both accuracy and speed.
Drug-induced antinuclear antibodies in the guinea pig.

Abstract Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) development was studied in male guinea pigs in response to chronic treatment with procainamide, hydralazine, acetanilide or caffeine. Acetanilide and caffeine have not previously been associated with ANA induction. Fifty-one weanling Hartley guinea pigs were divided into five groups which received either procainamide, hydralazine, acetanilide, caffeine or saline sc for 55 weeks; drug dosage was 10 mg/kg initially and was increased incrementally to 40 mg/kg by 10 months except for hydralazine, which was increased to 20 mg/kg. Two weeks before initiation of treatment, 1 mg of the appropriate drug in 0.4 ml of buffered Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA-PBS) was administered intradermally. Controls received FCA-PBS only. Sera ANA were assayed at 6, 10 and 13 months. After 13 months of treatment, those sera which were ANA positive were assayed for anti-deoxyribunucleoprotein antibodies and were titered for ANA. Chi-square analyses were performed on results of the 10- and 13-month ANA screening results. ANA induction was significant at P = 0.05 only for the group receiving procainamide at both 10 and 13 months of treatment. When the cumulative results of all ANA screens were analyzed, ANA induction was significant for procainamide, acetanilide and caffeine. The test system did not prove to be promising for unambiguous identification of drugs with ANA-inducing potential, but may be useful for studies of mechanisms of ANA induction by chemicals.
Finite state abstraction of a stochastic model of the lactose regulation system of Escherichia coli

This paper focuses on the lactose regulation system in Escherichia coli bacteria, one of the most extensively studied examples of positive feedback in a naturally occurring gene network. State-of-the-art nonlinear dynamical system models predict a bi-stability phenomenon that is confirmed in experiments. However, such deterministic models fail to explain experimental observations of spontaneous transition between the two stable states in the system and the simultaneous occurrence of both steady states in a population of cells. In this paper, we propose a stochastic model that explains this phenomenon. Furthermore, we also extract a coarser two-state continuous-time Markov chain as a higher level abstraction of this model, and show that macroscopic properties are retained in the abstraction.
Superconducting and transport properties of NbTi layered metals

Abstract We report data on the superconducting transition temperature and room temperature resistivity of layered NbTi for thicknesses in the range 7 – 70 A.
Time needed for the care of mentally retarded children evaluated in an epidemiological study

This is part of an epidemiological, multidisciplinary, case-control study of mental retardation in children, performed in the Province of Kuopio, Finland, where four birth cohorts were screened and tested psychologically at the age of 9–10 years revealing 178 mentally retarded (MR) cases. Here we report the time needed for the daily care of 77 severely and 72 mildly MR and 101 control children and correlate this with additional disabilities and daily activities. The results were derived from a postal questionnaire and personal interviews. The time used for aiding and supervision correlated significantly (p < 0.001) with additional handicaps and deficiencies in daily activities. The care of severely and mildly MR children took time, respectively either about six or two times longer than that of the control children.
The next frontier of systems biology: higher-order and interspecies interactions

Systems approaches are not so different in essence from classical genetic and biochemical approaches, and in the future may become adopted so widely that the term 'systems biology' itself will become obsolete.
Leadership Education at the Great Divide: Crossing into the Twenty-First Century

This paper assesses the state of art of leadership education, including academic programs, leadership training offered by profit and nonprofit organizations, and leadership development programs. It presents a conceptual model of the Jepson School of Leadership Studies major, the first comprehensive program leading to a Bachelor of Arts in Leadership Studies, offered at the University of Richmond. The model maps student outcomes in the cognitive, affective, and behavioral domains and central components of the leadership studies curriculum against a developmental component of leadership effectivenss. The implications of this curriculum for twenty-first century leadership are discussed.
Psychopathology, treatment outcome and attitude toward mental illness in Mexican American and European patients.

Lower socio-economic European American and Mexican American psychiatric in- patients were compared on degree of psychopathology, response to treatment and attitude toward mental illness and hospitalization. The Mexican American patients were proportionately under-represented, but did not differ from the European Americans in degree of psychopathology at admission nor in response to treatment — both groups showing a high degree of improvement by both MMPI and clinical judgement. However, the Mexican American patients did have a significantly more negative view of hospitalization and treatment, viewing it as controlling and restrictive which may account for their lower proportion in the patient population.
Luminescence properties of nanocrystalline CdS and CdS:Mn2+ doped silica-type glasses

In the present work, we report our results for the sol-gel preparation and optical properties of CdS nanometer sized particles and Mn 2+ -doped CdS particles in silica-type glass matrices. Gels containing 4.5 wt.% CdO in 95.5SiO 2 and 4.5Na 2 O-18B 2 O 3 -73.5SiO 2 matrices were prepared through a hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane, cadmium acetate and, in the sodium borosilicate composition, boron ethoxide and sodium acetate. We designed several heat treatments in H 2 S to convert CdO to CdS in the gels. The influence of the heat treatment conditions on the optical properties of the nanoparticle semiconductor materials was studied using transmission electron microscopy, absorption, and temperature-dependent photoluminescence. A model of the photoluminescence processes was proposed to explain the observed emission bands.
Phosphorylation of tyrosine 285 of PAK1 facilitates βPIX/GIT1 binding and adhesion turnover

The p21-activated serine-threonine kinase (PAK1) regulates cell motility and adhesion. We have previously shown that the prolactin (PRL)-activated tyrosine kinase JAK2 phosphorylates PAK1 in vivo and in vitro and identified tyrosines 153, 201, and 285 in PAK1 as sites of JAK2 tyrosyl phosphorylation. Here, we further investigate the role of the tyrosyl phosphorylated PAK1 (pTyr-PAK1) in regulation of cell adhesion. We use human breast cancer T47D cell lines that stably overexpress PAK1 wild type or PAK1 Y3F mutant in which these 3 JAK2 phosphorylation sites were mutated to phenylalanine. We demonstrate that PRL/JAK2-dependent phosphorylation of these tyrosines promotes a motile phenotype in the cells upon adhesion, participates in regulation of cell adhesion on collagen IV, and is required for maximal PAK1 kinase activity. Down-regulation of PAK1 abolishes the effect of PAK1 on cell adhesion. We show that the tyrosyl phosphorylation of PAK1 promotes PAK1 binding to β-PAK1-interacting guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (βPIX) and G protein-coupled receptor kinase-interacting target 1 (GIT1), phosphorylation of paxillin on Ser273, and formation and distribution of adhesion complexes. Using phosphospecific antibodies (Abs) directed to single phosphorylated tyrosines on PAK1, we identified Tyr285 as a site of PRL-dependent phosphorylation of PAK1 by JAK2. Furthermore, using PAK1 Y285F mutant, we provide evidence for a role of pTyr285 in cell adhesion, enhanced βPIX/GIT1 binding, and adhesion turnover. Our immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrates that pTyr285- PAK1 may modulate PAK1 signaling during tumor progression.
An interpretation of the factor content of trade

Abstract This paper shows that the factor content of trade can be used to indicate effects of trade on relative factor prices. Factor prices in two trading equilibria can be compared by comparing instead their two ‘equivalent autarky equilibria’ constructed by changing factor endowments by the factor content of trade. Using relationships between autarky factor prices and factor endowments, several relationships are derived between factor prices with trade and its factor content. The most general result is a positive correlation between relative changes in the factor content of trade, appropriately normalized, and proportional changes in factor prices.
Kinetics of some electron-transfer reactions in biological Photosystems II. Study of intramolecular electron-transfer rates between ferredoxin-NADP reductase, NADP. radical and oxidized ferredoxin

Abstract It has been shown by the pulse radiolysis technique that radiation-generated NADP free radicals (NADP·) first combine with ferredoxin-NADP reductase and then transfer the odd electron by a fast intramolecular process to the enzyme flavin moiety yielding the semiquinone (ferredoxin-NADP reductase, FNR-FADH·). The corresponding first-order rate constant k 15 varies with ionic strength from 2.6·10 3 s −1 at I = 0.66 M to 2.3·10 4 s −1 at I = 0.005 M In the presence of ferredoxin-NADP reductase-bound oxidized ferredoxin, the electron cascades, thus further reducing the ferredoxin. The transfer of the electron from the flavin semiquinone (ferredoxin-NADP reductase, FNR-FADH·) to the bound oxidized ferredoxin proceeds at a rate of k 18 = 2.36 s −1 . This process approaches an equilibrium condition which is in favor of the reverse reaction suggesting that k −18 > k 18 .
Foundation Design of Anchored Walls, Bay Springs Lock, Mississippi

Bay Springs Lock, the northernmost structure on the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway, was designed for a normal lift of 84 ft. As a result of the high walls and the relatively low strength of the foundation rock, deep and extensive excavations for necessarily large gravity wall monoliths would be required, with attendant high costs. To reduce these costs, an alternate design using anchored wall monoliths was proposed. Because this would be the first such design by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, a large test excavation and a great deal of subsurface exploration and laboratory testing was warranted. The rock mass would be an integral part of the lock walls; therefore, selection of realistic and reliable rock design parameters was critical. The geotechnical design included the selection of rock mass strengths, as well as the calculation of foundation settlement, bearing capacity and slope stability. Utilizing the developed foundation data, the lock design was completed and the lock constructed such that the monoliths were anchored to the rock mass with 116 tendons that ranged in length from 80 ft to 175 ft.
Biotin-transducing λ phages with unusual att regions

Abstract Two anomalous λ bios carry unusual attachment ( att ) regions. One, λ bio 16, seems to carry the att region normally found on the bacterial chromosome; the other, λ bio 64, may have a deletion or inversion of the att region.
Electromagnetic fields of a vertical electric dipole over a laterally anisotropic surface

The exact solution for the electric dipole is obtained for the case where the ground plane, of infinite extent, is characterized by surface impedances which are different in two orthogonal directions. The integral representations for the transverse magnetic (TM) and the converted transverse electric (TE) fields are evaluated by two asymptotic methods which have overlapping regions of validity. A simple expression is obtained for the ratio of the TE and TM fields produced by the vertical dipole when it is on the surface. >
Simulation Models of Harvested and Zebra Mussel Colonized Threeridge Mussel Populations in the Upper Mississippi River

We simulated populations of threeridge mussels (Amblema plicata, Say, 1817) using empirically derived survival rates. Survival rates were derived from a mark-recapture study of mussels conducted in the Mississippi and Otter Tail rivers, Minnesota. The software package VORTEX was used to develop a base line population model which changed little or not at all through time. Models based on the initial base line data were constructed to simulate behaviors of A. plicata populations under various levels of mortality attributed to zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha, Pallas 1771) colonizations. Models were also developed that simulated varying levels of commercial harvesting of A. plicata. Sensitivity analysis revealed that A. plicata populations are most sensitive to alterations in adult survival. Adult survival is the life history stage most often impacted by both D. polymorpha colonizations and commercial harvesting. Population models simulating D. polymorpha mediated mortality revealed that population extinction was likely to occur within 50 y if survival rates remain at the levels recently measured. Models that simulated a commercial harvest of only 5% of the adult A. plicata population predicted that populations will decline by almost 50% in only 40 y. Our recommendation is that a concerted effort should be made to estimate the population size of potentially harvested populations of freshwater mussels. These estimates would allow for a more accurate estimate of what percentage of the adult mussels are actually being harvested. The population estimates would also allow for setting of quotas or limiting the number of permits for harvesters in the face of increased D. polymorpha infestations, thereby ensuring that harvested populations of mussels are not being over exploited. These modeling efforts will be useful for resource managers attempting to establish a sustainable harvest of commercially valuable mussel species which may be competing with a nonindigenous species.
Handbook of Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Performance

The article presents a review of the book ‘Handbook of Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Performance,’ edited by R. A. Giacalone and C. L. Jurkiewicz.
Development and Preliminary Evaluation of a One-Week Summer Treatment Program for Separation Anxiety Disorder.

Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for the treatment of childhood Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and other anxiety disorders (Velting, Setzer, & Albano, 2004), yet additional research may still be needed to better access and engage anxious youth (Kendall, Suveg, & Kingery, 2006). In this study, we investigated the acceptability and preliminary utility of a group cognitive-behavioral intervention for school-aged girls with SAD provided within an intensive, 1-week setting. The development of the proposed treatment strategy, a 1-week summer treatment program, was predicated on evidence supporting the need for childhood treatments that are developmentally sensitive, allow for creative application of intervention components, incorporate a child's social context, and ultimately establish new pathways for dissemination to the community. The summer treatment program for SAD was pilot-tested using a case-series design with 5 female children, aged 8 to 11, each with a principal diagnosis of SAD. For 4 of the 5 participants, treatment gains were evidenced by changes in diagnostic status, significant reductions in measures of avoidance, and improvements on self- and parent-report measures of anxiety symptomology. Specifically, severity of SAD symptoms decreased substantially at posttreatment for each participant and, 2 months following treatment, none of the participants met diagnostic criteria for the disorder. A fifth participant experienced substantive improvement in diagnostic status prior to the onset of treatment and, though she evidenced continued improvements following treatment, the role of the intervention in such improvements is less clear.
Synthesis of a tetraazulene porphodimethene analogue.

Substituted calix[4]azulenes were prepared by reacting 6-alkylazulenes with paraformaldehyde in the presence of florisil. Hydride abstraction of a calix[4]azulene with Ph3CPF6 afforded a tetraazulene analogue of the porphodimethenes.
Two New Calanoid Copepods from the Galapagos Islands: Pseudocyclops juanibali N. SP. and Pseudocyclops saenzi N. SP

Abstract Two new calanoid copepods, Pseudocyclops juanibali n. sp. and Pseudocyclops saenzi n. sp. are described from anchialine pools in the Galapagos Islands. Pseudocyclops juanibali n. sp. is similar to P. australis, P. mathewsoni, P. simplex, P. pacificus, and P. latisetosus. A deep cleft on the distal margin of the endopod of the left leg five of males separates these six species from all other Pseudocyclops likely forming a species group. Pseudocyclops juanibali differs from other members of this group in the shape and number of elements on the distal exopodal segment of the left leg five of males. Pseudocyclops saenzi n. sp. is most similar to P. rubrocinctus and P. steinitzi but differs in the presence of a posterior seta on the basis of the leg five of females, a sclerotized seta on the exopod of the maxillule, and several differences in the shape and ornamentation of the leg five of males. A 569-base-pair region of the internal transcribed spacer 1 ribosomal DNA region (ITS-1) was amplified from...
Laminate Tooling for Injection Moulding

The main goal of this research was to develop a method of prototyping injection moulded parts which produces a representation of the production part, including not only the part shape and functionality but the process as well. A prototyping method that meets all of these requirements could greatly aid in reducing the time required to bring a new product to the market by using the information gained from this prototype to manufacture a production tool that will be right the first time. Tooling constructed of laminations is appealing for prototyping or production because of the flexibility it affords in terms of rapidly altering mould geometry, gating or cooling passage design.This report summarizes a ‘proof of concept’ project which took a selected part geometry through the entire laminate tool manufacturing process. This report is divided into five sections: (1) introduction to the prototyping process, (2) background of current prototyping processes and description of the laminate tooling method, (3) desc...
Analysis of cell membrane micro-heterogeneity using the fluorescence lifetime of DPH-type fluorophores.

Abstract Heterogeneity in the lipid organization in lipid bilayers and cell membranes was probed by using the fluorescence decay of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and DPH attached to the sn-2 position of phosphatidylcholine (DPH-PC). In the presence of protein, it is proposed that the bulk lipids and boundary lipids can potentially provide distinct enough fluorophore environments for two different lifetime centers to be recovered from the analysis of the fluorescence decay. To test this model experiments were performed with cytochrome b5 in 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers. The number of boundary lipids of cytochrome b2 is known from the literature or can be calculated from known dimensions, so that for a known protein:lipid ratio the fraction of lipids in the bulk and boundary lipid regions is known. These values were found to closely correspond to the fractions associated with the lifetime centers recovered from an analysis of the fluorescence decay assuming two major fluorophore populations. This indicated that the DPH distributed in a similar manner to the lipids and that its boundary lipid residency time was greater than the excited state lifetime, showing the validity of the approach. An important requirement was that the protein should influence the fluorephore decay sufficiently enough to enable separate lifetime centers for the bulk and boundary lipid fluorophores to be recovered by the analysis. Attempts were made to analyze the fluorescence decay of DPH in liver plasma membranes and microsomes as arising from two distinct fluorophore populations, however, the basic condition was not satisfied. By contrast, using DPH-PC it was possible to extract two separate lifetime centers. The limitations and potential of this approach are critically assessed and it is concluded that in certain circumstances information pertaining to the protein-lipid interfacial region of membranes can be extracted from fluorescence decay heterogeneity properties.
Revisiting the seniority wage effect for faculty

Abstract This study uses 1999 national data to derive estimates of the effect of seniority on faculty salaries. Seniority has a positive effect on salary, but varies by union status, rank, job mobility, and inclusion of faculty productivity measures.
Sur la noblesse et l'excellence du sexe féminin. de sa prééminence sur l'autre sexe 1537

(1993). Sur la noblesse et l'excellence du sexe feminin. de sa preeminence sur l'autre sexe 1537. History of European Ideas: Vol. 17, No. 2-3, pp. 319-319.
Reflections on Group Treatments as Corrective Experiences for Addictive Vulnerability

This article addresses how and why groups help people with addictive disorders feel better and change. It advances the position that problems in self-regulation and the psychological suffering that...
Distributed sensor networks for detection of mobile radioactive sources

The ability to track illicit radioactive transport through an urban environment has obvious national security applications. This goal may be achieved by means of individual portal monitors, or by a network of distributed sensors. We have examined the distributed sensing problem by modeling a network of scintillation detectors measuring a Cesium-137 source. We examine signal-to-noise behavior that arises in the simple combination of data from networked radiation sensors. We find that, in the ideal case, large increases in signal-to-noise compared to an individual detector can be achieved, even for a moving source. We also discuss statistical techniques for localizing and tracking single and multiple radioactive sources.
Statistical and Information-Theoretic Analysis of Resolution in Imaging

In this paper, some detection-theoretic, estimation-theoretic, and information-theoretic methods are investigated to analyze the problem of determining resolution limits in imaging systems. The canonical problem of interest is formulated based on a model of the blurred image of two closely spaced point sources of unknown brightness. To quantify a measure of resolution in statistical terms, the following question is addressed: "What is the minimum detectable separation between two point sources at a given signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and for prespecified probabilities of detection and false alarm (Pd and Pf )?". Furthermore, asymptotic performance analysis for the estimation of the unknown parameters is carried out using the Crameacuter-Rao bound. Although similar approaches to this problem (for one-dimensional (1-D) and oversampled signals) have been presented in the past, the analyzes presented in this paper are carried out for the general two-dimensional (2-D) model and general sampling scheme. In particular the case of under-Nyquist (aliased) images is studied. Furthermore, the Kullback-Liebler distance is derived to further confirm the earlier results and to establish a link between the detection-theoretic approach and Fisher information. To study the effects of variation in point spread function (PSF) and model mismatch, a perturbation analysis of the detection problem is presented as well
Fast schemes for computing similarities between Gaussian HMMs and their applications in texture image classification

An appropriate definition and efficient computation of similarity (or distance) measures between two stochastic models are of theoretical and practical interest. In this work, a similarity measure, that is, a modified "generalized probability product kernel," of Gaussian hidden Markov models is introduced. Two efficient schemes for computing this similarity measure are presented. The first scheme adopts a forward procedure analogous to the approach commonly used in probability evaluation of observation sequences on HMMs. The second scheme is based on the specially defined similarity transition matrix of two Gaussian hidden Markov models. Two scaling procedures are also proposed to solve the out-of-precision problem in the implementation. The effectiveness of the proposed methods has been evaluated on simulated observations with predefined model parameters, and on natural texture images. Promising experimental results have been observed.
C/EBPα is required for lung maturation at birth

Epithelial cells lining the peripheral lung synthesize pulmonary surfactant that reduces surface tension at the air-liquid interface. Lack of surfactant lipids and proteins in the lungs causes respiratory distress syndrome, a common cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. We show that C/EBPalpha plays a crucial role in the maturation of the respiratory epithelium in late gestation, being required for the production of surfactant lipids and proteins necessary for lung function. Deletion of the Cebpa gene in respiratory epithelial cells in fetal mice caused respiratory failure at birth. Structural and biochemical maturation of the lung was delayed. Normal synthesis of surfactant lipids and proteins, including SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, SP-D, ABCA3 (a lamellar body associated protein) and FAS (precursor of fatty acid synthesis) were dependent upon expression of the C/EBPalpha in respiratory epithelial cells. Deletion of the Cebpa gene caused increased expression of Tgfb2, a growth factor that inhibits lung epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Normal expression of C/EBPalpha required Titf1 and Foxa2, transcription factors that also play an important role in perinatal lung differentiation. C/EBPalpha participates in a transcriptional network that is required for the regulation of genes mediating perinatal lung maturation and surfactant homeostasis that is necessary for adaptation to air breathing at birth.
CEAL Statistics 2013 with Multi-year Summary and Comparison

The Council on East Asian Libraries (CEAL) Statistics is an annual publication of statistical data on East Asian collections in North America. Data gathered includes total volumes held, physical volumes added gross, purchased and non-purchased print and electronic serial titles, other materials holdings, grand total library collection and backlog, fiscal support, staffing, public services, electronic resources, and ebooks.
Growth performance of fast-growing broilers reared under different types of production systems with outdoor access: Implications for organic and alternative production systems

Abstract Outdoor access is an important part of organic and free-range poultry production, yet limited information exists on the effect of various housing and production systems on growth performance and colonization of food-borne pathogens. Therefore, the primary purpose of the current study was to evaluate the influence of different housing systems, particularly fixed versus small, portable houses, with and without outdoor access to pasture, on seasonal growth performance, leg quality, and presence of bacterial food-borne pathogens. In the current study, we used fast-growing broilers, as many small producers use commercial broilers due to their carcass conformation and high breast yield compared with slow-growing hybrids or standard heritage breeds. Although interest in alternative genetics exists because they may be more adapted to outdoor production, they require longer growing periods, with accompanying labor and cost. A pasture containing a mixture of forages was used to simulate the conditions common for small farms in the local region. The experiment had 4 treatment groups: (1) small, portable hoop houses with access to pasture, (2) small, portable hoop houses without access to pasture, (3) a fixed house with access to the outdoors, and (4) a fixed house without access to the outdoors. The present study was repeated at different times of the year to determine if a seasonal effect on the consumption of pasture and carcass quality was present. Overall, raising birds in hoop houses resulted in a reduced growth rate compared with birds raised in the fixed house. None of the production systems altered bone strength or feed conversion. Food-borne pathogens commonly associated with poultry were not found in any of the environments tested. Seasonal production was an issue in the small hoop house birds, as extreme heat in the summer resulted in early termination of that trial. Expanding on forage choice in pastures and customizing hoop houses to deal with weather fluctuations, especially in regions where extreme heat may affect production, are important considerations for these systems.
Linearity characteristics of GaAs HBTs and the influence of collector design

The linearity characteristics of GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) are studied through measurement and analysis. Third-order intermodulation distortion behavior of HBTs is examined on devices with various epilayer designs and at various bias points, loads, and frequencies. Calculations from an analytical model reveal a strong bias and load dependence of third-order intercept point (IP3) on the nonlinearities from transconductance and the voltage dependence of base-collector capacitance. However, a simple model is not able to predict the fine details of IP3 with bias. A large-signal HBT model with an accurate description of the base-collector charge is shown to account for the measured trends. The base-collector charge function accounts for the modulation of base-collector capacitance with current, electron velocity modulation, and the Kirk effect (base pushout) for GaAs-based HBTs. A detailed study of the influence of collector design on linearity is also presented.
Utility-Function-Driven Resource Allocation in Autonomic Systems

We study autonomic resource allocation among multiple applications based on optimizing the sum of utility for each application. We compare two methodologies for estimating the utility of resources: a queuing-theoretic performance model and model-free reinforcement learning. We evaluate them empirically in a distributed prototype data center and highlight tradeoffs between the two methods