cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A finite element analysis of muscle tissue capacitive effects and dispersion in EMG

EMG simulations are traditionally based on purely resistive models, in which capacitive effects are assumed to be negligible. The results of recent experimental studies, however, suggest these assumptions may not be valid for muscle tissue. Furthermore, both muscle conductivity and permittivity are frequency-dependent (dispersive). In this paper, the impact of capacitive effects and dispersion on the potential at the surface of the volume conductor is examined using a frequency domain finite element model. The results indicate that the effect of muscle capacitance and dispersion varies dramatically, depending on the values that are chosen. Choosing low conductivity and high permittivity values in the range of experimentally reported data for muscle can cause displacement currents that are larger than conduction currents with corresponding reduction in surface potential of up to 50% at 100 Hz. Values lying towards the middle of the reported range yield results which do not differ significantly from purely resistive models. Excluding dispersion can also cause significant error-up to 75% in the high frequency range of the EMG. It is clear that there is a need to establish accurate values of both conductivity and permittivity for human muscle tissue in vivo in order to quantify the influence of capacitance and dispersion on the EMG signal.
Local production of CCL3, CCL11, and IFN-γ correlates with disease severity in murine parainfluenza virus infection

Background Using a murine model of parainfluenza virus infection (mPIV1 or Sendai virus; SeV), we compared the inflammatory responses to lethal and sub-lethal infections in inbred DBA/2 mice.
Kinesiology: the label for the study of physical activity in higher education.

Kinesiology is the study of movement or, more generally, the study of physical activity. The term kinesiology meets all the criteria for labeling the academic physical activity domain and has the useful advantage of being neutral in many of the current debates regarding emphases on the disciplinary, professional, or activity dimensions and subsets thereof. The study of physical activity in higher education should uniformly be called kinesiology at the levels of programmatic core, degree title, field of study, and department title.
Focus Groups of Alaska Native Adolescent Tobacco Users: Preferences for Tobacco Cessation Interventions and Barriers to Participation

Tobacco cessation interventions developed for Alaska Native adolescents do not exist. This study employed focus group methodology to explore preferences for tobacco cessation interventions and barriers to participation among 49 Alaska Natives (61% female) with a mean age of 14.6 (SD = 1.6) who resided in western Alaska. Using content analysis, themes from the 12 focus groups were found to be consistent across village, gender, and age groups. Program location or site (e.g., away from the village, hunting, fishing), a group-based format, and inclusion of medication and personal stories were reported to be important attributes of cessation programs. Motivators to quit tobacco were the perceived adverse health effects of tobacco, improved self-image and appearance, and the potential to be a future role model as a non–tobacco user for family and friends. Parents were perceived as potentially supportive to the adolescent in quitting tobacco. The findings will be used to develop tobacco cessation programs for Alaska Native youth.
Experimental burn wound sepsis--evaluation of enzymatic debridement.

Abstract 1. 1. Sutilains (Travase) enzymatic debridement has been evaluated in the non-infected and the Pseudomonas-infected experimental burn wound. 2. 2. Sutilains (Travase) would seem to predispose to burn wound sepsis in all the experimental circumstances evaluated. 3. 3. The incorporation of Sulfamylon or silver sulfadiazine 1% with sutilains did not protect against burn wound sepsis and death. 4. 4. Caution in clinical use of sutilains in the contaminated burn wound seems indicated by these data.
Display of EEG chaotic dynamics

A method for the visualization of the electroencephalogram (EEG) in phase space is described. The signal is transformed from the time domain to phase space by measuring the correlation dimension of the data and constructing the attractor in the required embedding space, which is normally of dimension 3 to 8. A singular value decomposition is used to obtain a good projection to 3-D. Animation of a series of 2-D rotated projections provides a way to visualize the fine structure of the reconstructed 3-D attractor. Examples and a computer package are briefly described. >
Agrobacterium -Mediated Transformation of Canola

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop, ranking third only to soybean and palm oil in global production. It is a member of the family Brassicacea (syn. Cruciferae). It is a winter or spring crop and is amenable to growth in cooler climates. Once considered a specialty crop for Canada, it is now a global crop. Many other countries including the USA, Australia and those in Europe also grow canola. However, Canada and the United States account for most of the canola crop. It is grown mostly in Western Canada and North Central United States. In the year 2002, in Canada alone, 9.6 million acres of canola was grown (1) and in the USA, 1.5 million acres was devoted to canola cultivation (2). The term ‘canola’ was adopted by Canada apparently as an acronym of the Canadian Oilseed Association in 1979. Although canola has been commonly also known as rapeseed or oilseed rape, in the strict sense canola oil is defined as an oil that must contain less than 2% erucic acid, and the solid component of the seed must contain less than 30 μM of any one or a mixture of 3-butenyl glucosinolate, 4-pentenyl glucosinolate, 2-hydroxy-3 butenyl glucosinolate, and 2-hydroxy-4-pentenyl glucosinolate per gram of air-dry, oil-free solid.
Experiences with systematic triangulation at the Global Environment Facility

Systematic triangulation may address common challenges in evaluation, such as the scarcity or unreliability of data, or the complexities of comparing and cross-checking evidence from diverse disciplines. Used to identify key evaluation findings, its application has proven to be effective in addressing the limitations encountered in country-level evaluation analysis conducted by the Independent Evaluation Office of the Global Environment Facility (GEF). These include the scarcity or unreliability of national statistics on environmental indicators and data series, especially in Least Developed Countries; challenges in evaluating the impacts of GEF projects; and inherent difficulties in defining the GEF portfolio of projects prior to the undertaking of the evaluation. In addition to responding to the need for further developing triangulation protocols, procedures and/or methodologies advocated by some authors, the approach offers a contribution to evaluation practice. This applies particularly to those evaluation units tasked with country-level evaluations in international organizations, facing similar constraints.
Full Dose-Reduction Potential of Statistical Iterative Reconstruction for Head CT Protocols in a Predominantly Pediatric Population

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A statistical iterative reconstruction algorithm provides an effective approach to reduce patient dose by compensating for increased image noise in CT due to reduced radiation output. However, after a point, the degree to which a statistical iterative algorithm is used for image reconstruction changes the image appearance. Our aim was to determine the maximum level of statistical iterative reconstruction that can be used to establish dose-reduced head CT protocols in a primarily pediatric population while maintaining similar appearance and level of image noise in the reconstructed image. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Select head examinations (brain, orbits, sinus, maxilla, and temporal bones) were investigated. Dose-reduced head protocols using an adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction were compared for image quality with the original filtered back-projection reconstructed protocols in a phantom by using the following metrics: image noise frequency (change in perceived appearance of noise texture), image noise magnitude, contrast-to-noise ratio, and spatial resolution. Dose-reduction estimates were based on CT dose index values. Patient volume CT dose index and image noise magnitude were assessed in 737 pre- and post-dose-reduced examinations. RESULTS: Image noise texture was acceptable for up to 60% adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction for the soft reconstruction kernel (at both 100 and 120 kV[peak]) and up to 40% adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction for the standard reconstruction kernel. Implementation of 40% and 60% adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction led to an average reduction in the volume CT dose index of 43% for brain, 41% for orbit, 30% for maxilla, 43% for sinus, and 42% for temporal bone protocols for patients between 1 month and 26 years of age, while maintaining an average noise magnitude difference of 0.1% (range, −3% to 5%), improving the contrast-to-noise ratio of low-contrast soft-tissue targets and the spatial resolution of high-contrast bony anatomy, compared with filtered back-projection. CONCLUSIONS: The methodology in this study demonstrates maximizing patient dose reduction and maintaining image quality by using statistical iterative reconstruction for a primarily pediatric population undergoing head CT examinations.
Value of the Bacterial Antigen Test in the Absence of CSF Fluid Leukocytosis

The protein and glucose values, as well as the white blood cell (WBC) counts of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from pediatric patients were examined retrospectively to determine their usefulness in predicting the need for the bacterial antigen test (BAT). The protein and glucose values of 41 BAT-positive specimens were not helpful. All 41 specimens had elevated WBC counts, ranging from 68 to 5,000/cu mm or more (0.068×109/L to ≥5.0×109/L). We next applied a criterion of 50 WBCs/cu mm or more (≥0.05×109/L) to a series of 208 patients and found that it would eliminate 169 of 199 true-negative results without missing any true-positive results. Although the policy would be cost effective, the WBC count would not be useful for immunodeficient patients or in those treated for meningitis.
Cell cycle-independent upregulation of p27Kip1 by p21Waf1 in K562 cells

Cellular differentiation frequently involves sequential peaks in the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (cdki's). For example, an increase in levels of the cdki p27Kip1 follows upregulation of p21Waf1 in several cell types induced to differentiate by diverse stimuli. In this study, we have investigated whether p21Waf1 expression itself, rather than the differentiating agent, could be increasing p27Kip1 protein levels. We used an inducible p21Waf1 expression vector in a K562 leukemic cell model which we had previously shown to initiate differentiation following p21Waf1 upregulation. The current study reports that p21Waf1 upregulated p27Kip1 protein without altering p27Kip1 mRNA levels. This effect did not depend on G1-phase arrest-the increase in p27Kip1 occurred at all phases of the cell cycle. p21Waf1-expressing extracts inhibited phosphorylation of p27Kip1 on threonine-187, leading to decreased ubiquitination and decreased proteasomal destruction of p27Kip1. In K562 cells, upregulation of p27Kip1 by p21Waf1 during differentiation facilitated an ordered transition between these two cdki's, each of which may distinctly influence the differentiation process.
Permian “Wolfcamp” Limestone Reservoirs: Powell Ranch Field, Eastern Midland Basin: Discussion

The {open_quotes}EP however, its economic importance and geological complexity, and the question of whether his model can be extended to other areas in the Permian basin warrant this discussion.
Characterizing drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters that are bona fide CAR-target genes in mouse intestine

Intestine is responsible for the biotransformation of many orally-exposed chemicals. The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR/Nr1i3) is known to up-regulate many genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters (drug-processing genes/DPGs) in liver, but less is known regarding its effect in intestine. Sixty-day-old wild-type and Car−/− mice were administered the CAR-ligand TCPOBOP or vehicle once daily for 4 days. In wild-type mice, Car mRNA was down-regulated by TCPOBOP in liver and duodenum. Car−/− mice had altered basal intestinal expression of many DPGs in a section-specific manner. Consistent with the liver data (Aleksunes and Klaassen, 2012), TCPOBOP up-regulated many DPGs (Cyp2b10, Cyp3a11, Aldh1a1, Aldh1a7, Gsta1, Gsta4, Gstm1-m4, Gstt1, Ugt1a1, Ugt2b34, Ugt2b36, and Mrp2–4) in specific sections of small intestine in a CAR-dependent manner. However, the mRNAs of Nqo1 and Papss2 were previously known to be up-regulated by TCPOBOP in liver but were not altered in intestine. Interestingly, many known CAR-target genes were highest expressed in colon where CAR is minimally expressed, suggesting that additional regulators are involved in regulating their expression. In conclusion, CAR regulates the basal expression of many DPGs in intestine, and although many hepatic CAR-targeted DPGs were bona fide CAR-targets in intestine, pharmacological activation of CAR in liver and intestine are not identical.
Draft Genome Sequence of Biocontrol Agent Bacillus cereus UW85.

ABSTRACT Bacillus cereus UW85 was isolated from a root of a field-grown alfalfa plant from Arlington, WI, and identified for its ability to suppress damping off, a disease caused by Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. medicaginis on alfalfa. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of B. cereus UW85, obtained by a combination of Sanger and Illumina sequencing.
Abstract P051: Renal Denervation Normalizes Arterial Pressure but Has No Effect on Renal Inflammation or Glucose Metabolism in Obese Hypertensive C57bl6j Mice

Clinical studies have shown that renal denervation (RDNX) decreases arterial pressure (AP) and improves glucose metabolism in drug resistant obese hypertensive patients. In the present study, we used a murine model of obesity-induced hypertension (HTN) to test the hypothesis that RDNX lowers AP and improves glucose metabolism via an interaction of renal nerves with inflammatory mediators in the kidney. 8-week old C57Bl/6J mice were fed either a low fat diet (LFD; 10 KCal% from fat) or a high fat diet (HFD; 45 KCal% from fat) for 10 weeks. Two parallel protocols were conducted. In a metabolic protocol, body weight, food intake, body-composition and glucose metabolism were measured. In a cardiovascular protocol, radiotelemeters were implanted for measurement of AP. C57Bl6J mice on a HFD exhibited an inflammatory and metabolic syndrome phenotype including increase splenic and renal total T cells, increased fat mass, high blood pressure, hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance as compared to LFD mice. RDNX but not Sham surgery after 12 weeks of HFD normalized AP (116 ± 4 in sham vs. 97± 6 mmHg in RDX HFD mice). RDX had no effect on AP in LFD diet mice. RDX in obese hypertensive mice had no effect on renal T cells or cytokines. Finally, RDX had no effect on glucose metabolism in HFD mice as determined by the glucose tolerance test at 2 weeks after RDX. We conclude that the antihypertensive effect of RDX in obesity-induced hypertension is not associated with improvement in glucose metabolism or renal inflammation in the mouse. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Almost certain behavior of row sums of double arrays

The almost certain (probability one) behavior of row sums Open image in new window of double arrays of rowwise independent random variables Xn, i is investigated primarily when the Xn, i assume only the values zero and one. If knpn, the expected number of successes, grows more rapidly than C log n, then Open image in new window converges almost certainly to one. However, when the expected number of successes grows less rapidly than C log n, it no longer determines the asymptotic behavior of Open image in new window and the outcome depends upon additional stochastic assumptions. Two alternative sets of stochastic constraints are imposed and the behavior of Open image in new window under each is analyzed and contrasted. Finally, the case of exponential random variables is considered briefly.
Youth Perspectives on Critical Data Literacies

As contemporary youth learn, play, and socialize online, their activities are often being recorded and analyzed. What should young people know about these data collection and analysis efforts? Although critiques of these new forms of data collection and analysis have grown increasingly loud, the voices of users, and particularly youth, have largely been absent. This paper explores the critical perspectives of youth who are programming with public data about their own learning and social interaction in the Scratch online community. Using a bottom-up approach based on ethnographic observation of discussions among these young users, we identify a series of themes in how these youth critique, question, and debate the implications of data analytics. We connect these themes-framed in terms of critical data literacies-to expert critiques and discuss the implications of these findings for education and design.
Community trauma as a predictor of sexual risk, marijuana use, and psychosocial outcomes among detained African-American female adolescents

Social determinants contribute to health disparities. Previous research has indicated that community trauma is associated with negative health outcomes. This study examined the impact of community ...
G348(P) Use of the ‘step-by-step’ approach in identifying low risk febrile infants in the emergency department

Aims The European ‘Step-by-Step’ algorithm (Gomez et al) has been shown to be superior in the management of febrile infants compared with the Rochester and Lab-Score criteria, especially identifying low risk patients. If we applied the ‘Step-by-Step’ algorithm retrospectively to an audit could we identify areas to improve our capability and confidence of recognising low risk patients, including the use Procalcintonin (PCT). Methods An audit over 6 months from November 2016 to April 2017 at Evelina Children’s Hospital Paediatric Emergency Department recorded the investigation and management of all infants aged 1–3 months who had a fever recorded at triage or a history of fever recorded in nursing triage. We excluded patients less than 4 weeks old as fever in the neonatal period is treated as high risk. Results Sixteen infants aged 1–3 months presented with a fever (only two with a fever >24 hours), thirteen were admitted and given intravenous antibiotics, the average length of admission was twenty-eight hours. Only one had a CRP >20, two had leukocytouria and none had a raised WCC or neutrophil count. Forty-two infants aged 1–3 months were triaged with a history of fever, nineteen were admitted for intravenous antibiotics, the average length of admission was fifteen hours. Two had a rise in CRP, three showed leukocytouria and two showed raised neutrophils. No cases of isolated bacterial pathogen in blood or CSF were identified in either group. Using the ‘Step-by-Step’ approach seven (54%) with fever and six (32%) with a history of fever who were admitted and treated could be identified as low risk. The most reliable identification for high risk is clinical appearance. Conclusion The ‘Step-by-Step’ approach is a valuable and a more applicable tool than previous methods in the management of febrile infants. This approach shows we can improve our method of identification of low risk patients in infants aged 1–3 months that present with fever, possibly reducing admissions. PCT could also be a further useful step in identifying low risk patients. Reference . Gomez, et al. Validation of the ‘step-by-step’ approach in management of young febrile infants. Paediatrics2016;138. doi:10.1542/ped.2015-4381
Reason-Giving In Deliberative Forums

One aspect of deliberation is giving reasons to support a position. In this article, I explore how citizens engage in this activity by developing a framework that breaks down reason-giving into component parts, applying it to a set of eight National Issues Forums. Deliberators typically provided evidence (usually in the form of factual statements) to support their conclusions, but frequently did not tie them together with an infrastructure of logical and causal connections. Deliberators engaged in reason-giving by presenting evidence but did not explicate the underlying logic of their positions. This suggests that deliberative research should focus greater attention on understanding the conditions that encourage and facilitate the effective use of evidence to support conclusions, as well as how patterns of reason-giving influence deliberative quality.
The Shift in Emphasis from Defined Benefit Plans to Defined Contribution Plans in the 1980s: A Contracting Explanation

This paper provides evidence that the shift in emphasis in the 1980s from defined benefit plans to defined contribution plans is related to a larger trend in which compensation contracts in firms with larger investment opportunity set tend to have a stronger link between pay and performance to shift more risk to employees. In addition, both the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) of 1987 and the FASB's adoption of SFAS 87, Accounting for Pensions seemed to have played a role in motivating firms to shift their retirement plan emphasis to defined contribution plans.
Multiattribute Utility Theory

The utility theory approach is an attempt to rigorously apply objective measurement to decision making. Also known as the decision analysis method, the principle behind utility theory is that if alternative performances on concrete, measurable attributes are compared in a rational, unbiased manner, sounder decisions will result. The value of an alternative is assumed to consist of measures over the criteria that contribute to worth, all converted to a common scale of utils. Each alternative’s performance on each criterion is assumed known. Possible attainments on each criterion are measured by a single-measure utility function (SUF). These measures have the characteristic that more of a good is better than less (and conversely, less of an evil is better than more). While continuous scales of value are not required of alternatives, the measurement of their value is considered continuous. Once the single-measure utility functions are identified, the value of an alternative is measurable by an overall utility function, which weights each of the criteria of value. This weighting does not necessarily have to be linear. The following case demonstrates the kind of problem where utility analysis can be applied.
Properties of projections obtained by averaging certain polynomial interpolants

We describe a way to compute polynomial approximants to analytic functions f(z) in the unit disk by forming the average of m polynomials of degree n−1, each of which interpolates f(z) at n equidistant points on the unit circle. The paper discusses properties of the projections so defined. Norms of these projections are calculated and the asymptotic behavior is characterized. Furthermore, these averages are used to approximate Laurent sections.
“No me vendo ni me rindo”: Nicaraguans Surviving U.S. Interference, Redefining Cultural Identities, and Overcoming Injustice Through Active Resistance

The history of Nicaragua has been heavily influenced by centuries of colonization, corruption, battles to gain independence only to lose it to more powerful forces, and decades of US political involvement (General History of the Caribbean: The long nineteenth century: Nineteenth century transformations (Vol. IV), UNESCO Publishing, Paris, France, 2011). Nicaragua remains the poorest country in Central America and its citizens face many challenges in order to survive and make ends meet (Gomez, Determinantes de la pobreza urbana: El caso de Nicaragua, http://www.bcn.gob.ni/estadisticas/estudios/2014/DT-34_Determinantes_de_la_pobreza_urbana_2013.pdf, 2013; Instituto Nacional de Informacion de Desarollo [INIDE], Necesidades Basicas Insatisfechas (NBI) Encuesta Continua de Hogares 2009-2016, http://www.inide.gob.ni/ECH/Modulo de Vivienda - ECH 2009 - 2016 NBI FINAL.pdf, 2017a; INIDE, Informe de empleo: Encuesta continua de hogares (ECH) III Trimestre 2017. http://www.inide.gob.ni/ECH/Publicacion ECH III trimestre 2017.pdf, 2017b). Despite these obstacles, Nicaraguans have immigrated to the United States at much lower rates than their neighboring countries in Central America and only constitute about 0.7% of the immigrant population, equaling about 422,000 people (How the U.S. Hispanic population is changing, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/09/18/how-the-u-s-hispanic-population-is-changing/, 2017) of which only less than 18% have undocumented or unauthorized status (More than 100,000 Haitian and Central American immigrants face decision on their status in the U.S. Pew Research Center. http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/11/08/more-than-100000-haitian-and-central-american-immigrants-face-decision-on-their-status-in-the-u-s/, 2017). Nicaraguans have fought to improve their country, prefer Nicaragua to neighboring countries with more robust economies, will never forget the terror the Somozas inflicted upon their land, and are still heavily influenced by the Sandinista revolution and ideology.
The Treatment of Trait and Narcissistic Personality Disturbances

The treatment of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorders (NPD) is challenging for clinicians because of their complexity and limited empirical evidence to guide treatment. This chapter provides an overview of the state of the field of psychotherapeutics for NPD. Interest in the treatment of NPD was stimulated by Heinz Kohut who developed a theory of self-psychology and developed methods for treating what he termed disorders of the self. Kohut did not articulate a specific approach for treating NPD, so much as articulating principles for how to create a therapeutic relationship, using empathy and mirroring to mend structural deficits in the self-system. While there is substantial support demonstrating the efficacy of psychotherapy in general, and growing empirical evidence for the treatment of personality disorders, there is limited evidence for NPD. A review of the literature shows over 30 randomly controlled treatment studies evaluating the efficacy of treatment for personality disorders but most focused on borderline personality disorder and none specifically on NPD. There are a number of studies, which include NPD in their sample, but sample sizes are so small that specific implications cannot be generalized for NPD. While there is a dearth of empirical evidence demonstrating efficacy for any single approach for NPD, there are a number of treatment approaches, which have been suggested for narcissism and NPD. Currently, there is only one approach specifically for NPD, but no single approach has shown efficacy using randomly controlled treatment studies. However, there is substantial clinical case material and anecdotal evidence suggesting that integrative and unified approaches are the most suited for narcissistic trait and personality disorders.
Pre-medical majors in the humanities and social sciences: impact on communication skills and specialty choice.

Context Medical school admissions committees use a variety of criteria to determine which candidates to admit to their programmes. Effective communication is increasingly considered a key requisite to the practice of effective medicine. Medical students with pre-medical backgrounds in the humanities and social sciences may be more likely to acquire skills relevant to patient-centred communication, either prior to or during medical school. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between pre-medical backgrounds in the humanities and social sciences and outcomes in medical school, including in communication and interpersonal skills (CIS), licensure examination results and postgraduate specialty choice (primary care versus non-primary care specialties). Methods The American Medical College Application Service database was used to identify pre-medical college majors, demographic characteristics, Medical College Admission Test scores and college grade point averages for medical students at a large, midwestern medical school. Data were obtained for 465 medical students across three cohorts (classes of 2014-2016). Correlation and regression analyses were used to examine relationships between pre-medical background, performance on graduation competency examination standardised patient encounter CIS scores and on United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 and Step 2 Clinical Knowledge scores, and postgraduate specialty choice. Results Graduating medical students with pre-medical humanities or social sciences majors performed significantly better in terms of CIS than those with natural science majors (Cohen's d = 0.28, p = 0.011). There were no significant associations between pre-medical majors and USMLE Step 1 and Step 2 Clinical Knowledge scores or postgraduate specialty choice. Conclusions These results suggest that considering humanistic factors as part of admissions criteria may promote the selection and training of physicians with good communication skills.
DR SCOTT'S CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The objective of this study is to trace the influence of DR1 Scott's writings on the development of accounting theory and standard setting. Scott's deductive approach to the development of a conceptual framework for financial accounting and reporting was adopted by accountants on a piecemeal basis from the 1930s to the 1970s. This study traces authoritative pronouncements from the 1930s to provide evidence on Scott's forward looking ability and the influence of his ideas on the subsequent development of accounting theory. The social, economic, and political environment of the 1930s is described to show why a change in accounting standard setting was needed. The authors show that Scott envisioned the function of accounting as extending beyond mere recordkeeping, to include control of organizations relative to their cultural environment. Further, Scott's broad educational background is presented to show the breadth of Scott's ability to see accounting issues beyond bookkeeping issues. The findings show that...
Remarks on Beneš Conjecture

The shuffle-exchange network was initially proposed by Stone in 1971 [12]. Benes conjectured in 1975 [1] that 2n - 1-stages are necessary and sufficient for shuffle-exchange networks to route all N! (N = 2 n ) perfect matchings from the N inputs to the N outputs, i.e., m(n) = 2n - 1, where m(n) is the minimum number of stages for a shuffle-exchange network to be able to rooute all permutations. Parker in 1980 [9] showed that n + 1 ≤ m(n) ≤ 3n. Wu and Feng in 1981 [14] gave an explicit algorithm to route all matchings, proving m(n) ≤ 3n -1. Huang and Tripathi in 186 [4] improved the bound to m(n) ≤ 3n - 3. Raghavendra and Varma in 1987 [11] verified the conjecture for n = 3 and then showed m(n) ≤ 3n - 4 [13]. They also showed 2n - 1 ≤ m(n). Linial and Tarsi in 1989 [7] proposed a different approach to prove the sanie results of Raghavendra and Vanna. Hwang [5] provided an alternative formulation of the conjecture. Feng and Seo in 1994 [3] gave a proof of the conjecture, which was incomplete as pointed out by Kim, Yooii, and Maeng in 1997 [6]. Ngo and Du in 2000 [8] verified the conjecture for n = 4, which implies m(n) ≤ 3n - 5. Two year ago, Cam [2] claimed another proof of the conjecture. So far, it is still an open problem whether Cam’s new proof is complete or riot.
Improved description of perovskite oxide crystal structure and electronic properties using self-consistent Hubbard U corrections from ACBN0

The wide variety of complex physical behavior exhibited in transition metal oxides, particularly the perovskites $AB{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, makes them a material family of interest in many research areas, but the drastically different electronic structures possible in these oxides raises challenges in describing them accurately within density functional theory (DFT) and related methods. Here, we evaluate the ability of the ACBN0, a recently developed first-principles approach to computing the Hubbard $U$ correction self-consistently, to describe the structural and electronic properties of the first-row transition metal perovskites with $\left(B=\mathrm{V}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Ni}\right)$. ACBN0 performs competitively with hybrid functional approaches such as the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof functional even when they are optimized empirically, at a fraction of the computational cost. ACBN0 also describes both the structure and band gap of the oxides more accurately than a conventional Hubbard $U$ correction performed by using $U$ values taken from the literature.
Gender role ideology in mothers and fathers: Relation with parent-child aggression risk longitudinally.

Abstract Background The existing literature is dominated by models of parent-child aggression (PCA) risk using maternal samples, thereby limiting insight into factors that contribute to fathers’ PCA risk. Protective factors that can affect PCA risk within the mother-father dyad at the cultural level are also often overlooked. Objective The current study examined the potential positive role of gender ideologies on maternal and paternal PCA risk over time, considering both individual and partner effects on PCA risk. Participants and setting Participants were 150 couples, with primiparous mothers and their male partners identified from a larger study of PCA risk. Methods The study employed a longitudinal design with three waves. Participants were first assessed in mothers’ third trimester of pregnancy and re-assessed when their child was 6 months and 18 months. Dyads reported their gender role attitudes prenatally and PCA risk across time. Results Egalitarian gender role ideologies related to lower PCA risk for both mothers and fathers prenatally. At 6 months, neither mothers’ nor fathers’ gender role ideologies related to PCA risk but by 18 months, fathers’ gender role beliefs predicted their PCA risk whereas mother’s gender role beliefs only marginally predicted their PCA risk. Maternal egalitarian gender ideologies significantly predicted fathers’ lower PCA risk at 6 months. Conclusions These findings suggest less traditional gender roles may contribute to lower PCA risk in parents particularly prior to childbirth. Therefore, future work is needed to further consider the evolving interconnectedness within couples in their PCA risk over time.
Introduction to Regenerative Medicine

This chapter is a mile-high perspective on what is “regenerative medicine,” the history of regenerative medicine, and in particular the history of regenerative medicine as it relates to the fields of spine and musculoskeletal medicine. The chapter also presents a brief overview of some of the controversies surrounding regenerative medicine.
Speaking Up: A Model of Self-Advocacy for STEM Undergraduates with ADHD and/or Specific Learning Disabilities.

Students with disabilities are underrepresented in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses. Students with disabilities who engage in self-advocacy earn higher GPAs and are more likely to graduate from college compared to students with disabilities who do not engage in self-advocacy. We utilized Test’s conceptual framework of self-advocacy, which breaks self-advocacy into four components: knowledge of self, knowledge of rights, communication, and leadership to investigate how students with invisible disabilities practice self-advocacy in undergraduate STEM courses. Through a partnership with a disability resource center (DRC), we recruited and interviewed 25 STEM majors who received accommodations for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or a specific learning disorder (SLD). Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using content analysis. We found evidence of all components of Test’s conceptual framework of self-advocacy and operationalize each based on our participants’ experiences. We identified novel components of self-advocacy for students with ADHD/SLD in undergraduate STEM courses, including knowledge of STEM learning contexts and knowledge of accommodations and the process to obtain them, as well as, a novel self-advocacy behavior, filling gaps. Filling gaps involved participants taking action to mitigate a perceived limitation in either their formal accommodations from the DRC or a perceived limitation in the instructional practices used in a STEM course. We also identified beliefs, such as view of disability and agency, which influenced the self-advocacy of our participants. We incorporated the emergent forms of self-advocacy into Test’s conceptual framework to propose a revised model of self-advocacy for students with ADHD/SLD in undergraduate STEM courses. We developed a revised conceptual model of self-advocacy for students with ADHD/SLD in undergraduate STEM courses. This conceptual model provides a foundation for researchers who wish to study self-advocacy in undergraduate STEM courses for students with ADHD/SLD in the future. It also offers insights for STEM instructors and service providers about the self-advocacy experiences of students with ADHD/SLD in undergraduate STEM courses. We propose hypotheses for additional study based on our conceptual model of self-advocacy. Implications for research and teaching are discussed.
Applying a Multiple Comparison Control to IRT Item-fit Testing

We used simulation techniques to assess the item-level and familywise Type I error control and power of an IRT item-fit statistic, the S-X2 . Previous research indicated that the S-X2 has good Type...
Peptoid-Based Programmable 2D Nanomaterial Sensor for Selective and Sensitive Detection of H2S in Live Cells

During past decades, a variety of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have been developed through molecular self-assembly. Among them, those assembled from sequence-defined polymers have received pa...
Melatonin for anaesthetic indications in paediatric patients: a systematic review

The favourable safety profile and ubiquitous nature of melatonin has led to an increase in its use in various clinical settings in adults and children. We performed a systematic review of published studies on the use of melatonin for anaesthetic indications in paediatric patients. To identify relevant articles, PubMed, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched. Study title and abstract screening, and full text review were performed by two reviewers. Twenty-seven eligible studies investigating melatonin use for anaesthetic indications were identified. Due to significant heterogeneity in study methodology, a quantitative synthesis of the published findings was not possible. The identified studies were therefore categorised by the indication for melatonin: analgesia, diagnostic sedation and as an anaesthetic adjunct. Melatonin use for anaesthetic-related indications is safe; may provide analgesia for inflammatory-associated pain in neonates and children before venepuncture; may decrease the need for, or replace, general anaesthesia for diagnostic procedures; and may serve as an anaesthesia adjunct before induction in paediatric patients.
Catastrophic Hemorrhage After Chemoradiation for Advanced Stage Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: A Case Series

Objectives/hypothesis We have seen several incidences of catastrophic bleeding in patients with advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated nonoperatively. Aside from advanced disease, these patients have not had traditional risk factors for major hemorrhage. Study design Retrospective chart review. Methods Patients treated nonoperatively for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were compared to determine characteristics that may predisposed to bleeding. Five patients with bleeding were identified and compared with a cohort of stage- and treatment-matched patients without bleeding. Blinded imaging review was performed to characterize the tumor site and its relationship to vasculature using standardized systems. Results Comparing the bleeder versus nonbleeder groups pre-treatment, the bleeder group had larger tumors (15.4 vs. 8.3 cm2 ), greater rates of parapharyngeal fat effacement (80% vs. 20%), and always involved the facial artery. Post-treatment, endophytic ulcerated tumor beds occurred in 100% of bleeders versus 0% of nonbleeders. Conclusions Catastrophic oropharyngeal bleeding may be encountered after cytoreductive therapy. Large deeply invasive tumors seem to set the necessary circumstances. Rapid vascular control with interventional radiology has been largely effective therapy. Level of evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 131:1049-1052, 2021.
The moral dilemma of interpreting workplace violence

Workplace violence is a significant problem in healthcare. It was believed that in the context of patient violence nurses faced a moral dilemma regarding conflicting duties to self and patients. A qualitative study was conducted with nurses who experienced physical violence perpetrated by a patient. The aim was to examine the ethical decision-making process nurses used to determine the "right" course of action. Nurses did not perceive the conflict between these two duties as the primary dilemma they faced. They appreciated their patients' vulnerability and the power differential inherent in the RN-patient relationship and maintained that their primary responsibility was patient safety. Interpretation of the event was the primary dilemma they described. Patient violence was framed as a dichotomous experience: an expected part of the job or a crime. The middle space between these two choices was bounded by a fuzzy, porous, extremely difficult to interpret line. The dichotomous interpretation resulted in a perception of dichotomous responses: do nothing or file criminal charges. Violence in the context of the RN-patient relationship is a complex phenomenon involving a host of factors. We need to direct more attention to this complexity, to individualized responses to workplace violence, and to depolarizing this issue.
Electronic Devices as Correlates of Sedentary Behavior and Screen Time Among Diverse Low-Income Adolescents During the School Year and Summer Time

Excessive screen time among adolescents increases risk for overweight/obesity. Having electronic devices in the adolescent’s bedroom is associated with more screen time. The present study expanded on previous studies by also examining portable personal electronic devices and social media membership as correlates of screen time use and total sedentary time in the school year and summer among diverse low-income adolescents. Adolescents aged 10-17 years were recruited from lower-income areas, and n=150 completed surveys and wore accelerometers in both the school year and summer: 34 African Americans, 23 American Indians, 16 Asian/Pacific Islanders, 39 Latinos, and 38 White/non-Hispanics. Total sedentary time was computed from accelerometers. Recreational screen time was assessed with a 3-item validated scale. Adolescents reported the presence of 6 electronic devices in their bedrooms, ownership of 4 portable devices, and social media membership. General linear modeling was conducted for both time periods, with demographic covariates and interactions with sex and race-ethnicity. More electronic devices in bedrooms were related to more screen time during the school year and summer, and to more total sedentary time in summer. Personal electronics were only related to more screen time in the school year. Social media membership was related to more total sedentary time in summer, but only among African Americans, American Indians, and non-Hispanic Whites. Electronic devices in bedrooms was confirmed as a risk factor for sedentary behavior among low-income adolescents of color. Social media membership and use should be further studied with diverse adolescents.
Wall interactions of spin-polarized atoms

Experiments with polarized atoms in glass cells show that spin polarization and quantum coherence can survive many collisions of the atoms with the walls, depending on the nature of the wall interactions. This article reviews the physics of the wall interactions of spin-polarized atoms and the experience gained over decades in a field still developing and finding applications in a range of quantum technologies.
Planungsrechnungen als Planungsinstrumente

Planungsrechnungen sind Instrumente fur die Bewaltigung von Planungsaufgaben. Planungsrechnungen weisen quantifizierte Daten uber zukunftiges Geschehen aus. Sie verarbeiten Informationen und bilden gleichzeitig das Ergebnis der Informationsverarbeitung ab.4
Replies to Levin and Kipnis on Blackmail

I appreciate the care that both Michael Levin and Kenneth Kipnis have taken to understand and respond to my paper. Both concede much - even most - of what I want to argue, yet both refuse to draw my conclusions. Even though there is some overlap in their concern about blackmail contracts, their different approaches make it more convenient if I respond separately to each.
Histopathology of Uveal Malignant Melanoma and Other Uveal Tumors

The size of the normal globe can vary, but it usually averages about 24 mm in diameter. The wall of the eye is composed of three ocular coats (Fig. 2.1). The outermost coat is fibrous and consists of the cornea and sclera. The middle, or vascular coat, is known as the uveal tract and consists of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. The innermost, or sensory, coat consists of the retina and optic nerve head. The intraocular portion of the globe also may be divided anatomically into two main cavities: the aqueous cavity, consisting of the anterior and posterior chambers, and the vitreous cavity. Most intraocular tumors arise from the uveal tract; less commonly they originate from the retina or optic disk.
Dual-grating formation through photorefractivity and photoisomerization in azo-dye-doped polymers

Gratings formed by photorefractive and photoisomerization processes in an azo-dye-doped polymer, poly(vinyl carbazole):trinitrofluorenone/Disperse Red I, are investigated by polarization- and field-dependent four-wave mixing experiments. High diffraction efficiencies and long storage times are observed for the photorefractive gratings. Both types of grating are erasable, and we can select them by choosing the polarization of the reading beam. The effect of photoisomerization on photorefractivity is discussed. Our results indicate that azo-dye-doped polymers are promising candidates for reversible optical storage applications.
Visual and Automatic Classification of Galaxy Images

The requirements for a classification system for galaxy images are discussed and the advantages and disadvantages of both visual and automatic classification techniques are assessed. The results of some preliminary experiments in the automatic classification of images are also presented.