cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Modified PN Code Tracking Loop: Its Performance Analysis and Comparative Evaluation

A modified noncoherent PN code tracking loop (MCTL) has been previously presented by the authors [3]. The loop was shown to have the hardware simplicity of the tau-dither loop and a tracking performance superior to the traditional delay-locked code tracking loop (TCTL). Further work conducted herein expands on these previous results by considering the band-limiting effects of the bandpass arm filters on the performance of the MCTL. It will be shown that an even greater improvement in tracking performance is experienced by the MCTL over the TCTL when such effects are included. Furthermore, it was mentioned in [3] that a specific S/N existed below which the MCTL acquisition behavior was superior to the TCTL and above which its behavior was inferior. The bandlimiting effects will be shown to have a more deleterious effect on the TCTL and, as such, the crossover S/N will increase, thus enhancing the comparable capabilities in favor of the MCTL. This paper also discusses the implementation sensitivities to hardware gain and phase imbalance by expanding on the noise-free work in [3] to include the noisy case.
Assessment of blood flow velocity waveforms of the pulmonary circulation by multigate spectral Doppler scanning and traditional pulsed Doppler ultrasonography.

Objective. To assess (1) pulmonary artery and peripheral pulmonary blood flow by using a multigate spectral Doppler system and standard pulsed color Doppler ultrasonography and (2) the reproducibility of peripheral pulmonary artery blood flow velocity waveforms. Methods. Thirty-three women were enrolled in the study. Fetal pulmonary artery flow velocity waveforms were investigated by multigate spectral Doppler scanning and traditional pulsed Doppler ultrasonography plus color flow mapping. To establish the relationship between these 2 methods, we calculated the correlation coefficient, coefficient of variation, and limits of agreement. Results. The 2 methods were not significantly correlated. The range of measurement agreement for these 2 methods suggests that there is a significant difference between the main and peripheral pulmonary artery blood flow, and the difference should be taken into account in the interpretation of Doppler flow velocity studies of the pulmonary artery. Conclusions. Multigate spectral Doppler scanning with power Doppler imaging may be a better way to assess the average flow impedance in a highly vascularized organ. This technique supplies a large number of Doppler signals in the region of interest and offers a quantified range of Doppler measurements, improving our understanding of fetal hemodynamics.
Classroom Reading Instruction from a Sociological Perspective

"Children learn what they are taught" may be dismissed simply as a truism. But like many contentions that appear obvious, this one bears further scrutiny. In this paper, the nature of content coverage is considered and the empirical evidence on the relationship between what children cover and what they learn is examined. Is content coverage a condition that can be independently manipulated or is it connected with other conditions of classroom instruction? Finally, the implications of this research for practice and for thinking about how schools work is discussed.
Impact of ketamine on dynamic compliance and airway resistance of sedated and mechanically ventilated ICU patients

Little is known about the potential hemodynamic benefits of continuous ketamine sedation and analgesia in adult ICU patients.
Multistep Resistance Development Studies of Ceftaroline in Gram-Positive and –Negative Bacteria

Ceftaroline, the active component of the prodrug ceftaroline fosamil, is a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin with bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and -negative isolates. This study evaluated the potential for ceftaroline and comparator antibiotics to select for clones of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis with elevated MICs. S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes isolates in the present study were highly susceptible to ceftaroline (MIC range, 0.004 to 0.25 μg/ml). No streptococcal strains yielded ceftaroline clones with increased MICs (defined as an increase in MIC of >4-fold) after 50 daily passages. Ceftaroline MICs for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis were 0.06 to 2 μg/ml for four strains and 8 μg/ml for a β-lactamase-positive, efflux-positive H. influenzae with a mutation in L22. One H. influenzae clone with an increased ceftaroline MIC (quinolone-resistant, β-lactamase-positive) was recovered after 20 days. The ceftaroline MIC for this isolate increased 16-fold, from 0.06 to 1 μg/ml. MICs for S. aureus ranged from 0.25 to 1 μg/ml. No S. aureus isolates tested with ceftaroline had clones with increased MIC (>4-fold) after 50 passages. Two E. faecalis isolates tested had ceftaroline MICs increased from 1 to 8 μg/ml after 38 days and from 4 to 32 μg/ml after 41 days, respectively. The parental ceftaroline MIC for the one K. pneumoniae extended-spectrum β-lactamase-negative isolate tested was 0.5 μg/ml and did not change after 50 daily passages.
Initial sequencing and tissue distribution of Toll-like receptor 3 mRNA in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus).

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and activates a signal transduction pathway that results in the release of a variety of chemokines and cytokines and apoptotic activity. Variability in TLR3 expression may play an important role in disease susceptibility of white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) to bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses, which are dsRNA viruses. Because little is known about TLR3 in WTD, our objective was to sequence WTD TLR3 mRNA and to determine baseline levels of tissue expression. A 209-base pair sequence of TLR3 mRNA was obtained from WTD peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Dot blots confirmed that the sequence obtained was part of total WTD mRNA. Variable expression or ligand binding of TLR3 may contribute to observed susceptibility differences between populations of WTD, so the level of TLR3 in small intestine, skin, spleen, heart, cecum, rumen, lymph node, lung, kidney, and liver from WTD fawns (n=2) was analyzed using real-ti...
Generic circumscription and relationships in the tribe Melanthieae (Liliales, Melanthiaceae), with emphasis on Zigadenus: evidence from ITS and trnL-F sequence data

The circumscription and relationships of genera within the tribe Melanthieae (29 representative taxa) were evaluated using parsimony analyses of ITS (nuclear ribosomal) and trnL-F (plastid) DNA sequence data, alone and in combination. Proposed new generic circumscriptions, strongly supported by the tree statistics and topologies in all analyses, are correlated with potential morphological synapomorphies at the proper level of universality. Based on the molecular cladograms, Stenanthium is biphyletic, and the traditional Zigadenus s.1. (sensu lato) is polyphyletic. Amianthium and Schoenocaulon are distinct entities; the Veratrum complex is conservatively treated as one large monophyletic genus (including Melanthium). Although some generic relationships are not highly resolved, the analyses provide strong support for Zigadenus glaberrimus as sister to the rest of the tribe, and Amianthium muscitoxicum as closely related to Veratrum s.l. As a result of these analyses, seven genera (some with novel circumscription) are recognized within the tribe Melanthieae: Amianthium, Anticlea, Schoenocaulon, Stenanthium, Toxicoscordion, Veratrum, and Zigadenus.
Are You Good Enough to Teach Our Grandchildren

There is, and for decades has been, a deep interest and concern about the quality of classroom teachers. Regularly the topic of teacher quality has been making headlines (for example, the eight-par...
Toward the attribution of Web behavior

As more people browse the Web to gather information, recognizing Web browsing behavior signatures can replace or complement keystroke authentication where authentication is defined as the capability of identifying an individual within a set of individuals. We claim that recurring temporal patterns of Web site visits can help identify an individual of interest and, more generally, categorize Web browsing behavior. Furthermore, just like keystroke authentication, attribution of Web behavior is not obtrusive and has applications in cyberwarfare as a new biometric technique. In this paper we describe some exploratory work and preliminary comparative results of machine learning techniques applicable to the attribution of Web browsing behavior problem.
Voices of Resistance: Seeking Shelter Services in Pakistan

Gender violence is a global human rights issue that presents serious risk to women in Pakistan. Multiple factors make leaving violence extremely challenging. This study examines the experiences of women who escaped violence and sought shelter services in Pakistan through an ecological lens within the social, cultural, and legal realities of Pakistan. Nineteen women residing at a private shelter were interviewed. Explored were the processes leading women to take action against violence, barriers encountered, and the consequences of the decision to go to a shelter, with a focus on the women’s strengths and resilience.
Lack of expression and function of erythropoietin receptors in the kidney

Background. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) stimulate formation of red blood cells by binding to and activating Epo receptors (EpoR) on erythroid progenitor cells. Beyond successful treatment of anemia, ESAs have been reported to reduce damage following insult to organs, including the kidney, possibly via direct activation of EpoR. However, data on ESA effects outside hematopoietic functions are conflicting. Furthermore, limited use of appropriate EpoR-positive and EpoR-negative controls and lack of specific anti-EpoR antibodies make interpretation of data difficult. Recently positive and negative control cell types were validated and a sensitive and specific anti-EpoR antibody (A82) that detects low levels of EpoR protein was described. Methods. A82 was used to measure EpoR protein levels in tissues, human renal cells and human cell lines by western blot analysis. Surface EpoR was examined on renal cells by measuring binding of [ 125 I]-rHuEpo or antibodies. Renal cells and cell lines were treated with rHuEpo to see if phosphorylation of signaling proteins or proliferation/survival could be induced. Small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) were used to determine if EpoR knockdown affected cell viability. Results. Total EpoR protein was low to undetectable in tissues and renal cells with no detectable EpoR on cell surfaces. EpoR knockdown had no effect on viability of renal cell lines. RHuEpo had no detectable effect on intracellular signaling on renal cell lines with no growth-promoting or survival effect on primary human renal cells. Conclusions. These results suggest that functional EpoR protein is absent on renal cells and that non-EpoR mechanisms should be explored to explain non-hematopoietic effects of ESAs.
The Too-Much-of-a-Good-Thing Effect in Management

A growing body of empirical evidence in the management literature suggests that antecedent variables widely accepted as leading to desirable consequences actually lead to negative outcomes. These increasingly pervasive and often countertheoretical findings permeate levels of analysis (i.e., from micro to macro) and management subfields (e.g., organizational behavior, strategic management). Although seemingly unrelated, the authors contend that this body of empirical research can be accounted for by a meta-theoretical principle they call the too-much-of-a-good-thing effect (TMGT effect). The authors posit that, due to the TMGT effect, all seemingly monotonic positive relations reach context-specific inflection points after which the relations turn asymptotic and often negative, resulting in an overall pattern of curvilinearity. They illustrate how the TMGT effect provides a meta-theoretical explanation for a host of seemingly puzzling results in key areas of organizational behavior (e.g., leadership, perso...
Silicon Carbide Power MOSFET Model and Parameter Extraction Sequence

A compact circuit simulator model is used to describe the performance of a 2-kV, 5-A 4-H silicon carbide (SiC) power DiMOSFET and to perform a detailed comparison with the performance of a widely used 400-V, 5-A Si power MOSFET. The model's channel current expressions are unique in that they include the channel regions at the corners of the square or hexagonal cells that turn on at lower gate voltages and the enhanced linear region transconductance due to diffusion in the nonuniformly doped channel. It is shown that the model accurately describes the static and dynamic performance of both the Si and SiC devices and that the diffusion-enhanced channel conductance is essential to describe the SiC DiMOSFET on-state characteristics. The detailed device comparisons reveal that both the on-state performance and switching performance at 25degC are similar between the 400-V Si and 2-kV SiC MOSFETs, with the exception that the SiC device requires twice the gate drive voltage. The main difference between the devices is that the SiC has a five times higher voltage rating without an increase in the specific on-resistance. At higher temperatures (above 100degC), the Si device has a severe reduction in conduction capability, whereas the SiC on-resistance is only minimally affected
Commentary on Public Health Advocacy to Change Corporate Practices

Responsible practitioners who plan programs to promote health and prevent diseases must understand and address those factors and conditions that influence the health status of the population they serve. It is clear that some corporations and businesses promote and sell products and pursue other policies that can have deleterious effects on the public’s health. This commentary urges planners and practitioners who seek to redress the actions and polices that lead to corporate disease promotion to consider expanding their working knowledge of (a) the core values that drive corporate culture and (b) how those values are often framed to distort and override the social justice values of public health. Such understanding can serve to strengthen public health professionals’ capacity to take discrete steps, including the strategic use of community organizing for power, to heighten public demand for greater corporate social accountability for the health consequences of their actions.
AMYLOID REMODELING BY Hsp104

Life demands that proteins fold into very precise functional structures. Functional native structure is enciphered by primary sequence (Anfinsen, 1973; Englander et al., 2007). However, native structures are dynamic systems composed of sophisticated networks of weak, mutually supportive contacts that are difficult to establish simultaneously during folding (Bartlett and Radford, 2009; Englander et al., 2007). Thus, folding energy landscapes are often rugged and create challenges for successful folding (Bartlett and Radford, 2009). Polypeptides can become trapped in non-native intermediate states or become diverted into off-pathway states. Even after the completion of folding, cooperative units of native structure, termed foldons , repeatedly unfold and refold (Englander et al., 2007). Moreover, mutation or errors in transcription or translation can yield polypeptides that are less able to form functional structures (Dobson, 2003; Lee et al., 2006). Environmental stress can also disrupt protein folding (Parsell and Lindquist, 1993). Consequently, proteins can fail to fold or fail to remain correctly folded. These failures increase the risk of aggregation. The highly crowded macromolecular environment that cells are forced to maintain to function optimally further accentuates this risk (Dobson, 2003; Ellis and Minton,
The familial periodic paralyses and nondystrophic myotonias

The periodic paralyses are divided into hypokalemic, hyperkalemic, and paramyotonic forms (1). A normokalemic form has been included in the literature but most (if not all) patients with this disorder have hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. Over the past decade, a combination of electrophysiologic and molecular biologic studies have led to reclassification of the disease (Table 1). All forms of periodic paralysis are either autosomal dominantly inherited or occur as sporadic cases that are probably the result of new mutations. It has become apparent that there are two broad categories of disease, each resulting from mutations in a distinct gene: hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (hyperKPP) and hypokalemic periodic paralysis (hypoKPP). In hyperKPP, the disease results from mutations in a skeletal muscle, voltage-gated sodium channel gene (2,3). The molecular alterations have been defined for most cases. It is becoming clear that a number of disorders once considered separate entities are in fact allelic to hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, including paramyotonia congenita (4,5), and most recently, a form of myotonia without periodic paralysis that is potassium sensitive (6,7). Remarkably, transient weakness also characterizes a disorder of voltage-gated chloride channels (8). This review describes the clinical and historical features of the periodic paralyses and nondystrophic myotonias and delineates the laboratory abnormalities that have been identified in patients. It goes on to review genetic and molecular studies of these disorders, relates molecular abnormalities to phenotypic variation, and summarizes current treatment for symptoms of the disorders. This same paradigm is also being applied increasingly to other paroxysmal disorders and will ultimately lead to better understanding of the genetic, molecular, and physiologic aspects of more common paroxysmal disorders such as epilepsy and migraine (9,10). CLINICAL PHENOTYPES
Seasonally dynamic fungal communities in the Quercus macrocarpa phyllosphere differ between urban and nonurban environments

Summary • The fungal richness, diversity and community composition in the Quercus macrocarpa phyllosphere were compared across a growing season in trees located in six stands within and outside a small urban center using 454-sequencing and DNA tagging. The approaches did not differentiate between endophytic and epiphytic fungal communities. • Fungi accumulated in the phyllosphere rapidly and communities were temporally dynamic, with more than a third of the analyzed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and half of the BLAST-inferred genera showing distinct seasonal patterns. The seasonal patterns could be explained by fungal life cycles or environmental tolerances. • The communities were hyperdiverse and differed between the urban and nonurban stands, albeit not consistently across the growing season. Foliar macronutrients (nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and sulfur (S)), micronutrients (boron (B), manganese (Mn) and selenium (Se)) and trace elements (cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn)) were enriched in the urban trees, probably as a result of anthropogenic activities. Because of correlations with the experimental layout, these chemical elements should not be considered as community drivers without further empirical studies. • We suggest that a combination of mechanisms leads to differences between urban and nonurban communities. Among those are stand isolation and size, nutrient and pollutant accumulation plus stand management, including fertilization and litter removal.
La inflamación y sus desencantos: papel de las citocinas en la fisiopatología de la depresión mayor

Recognition that inflammation may represent a common mechanism of disease has been extended to include neuropsychiatric disorders including major depression. Patients with major depression have been found to exhibit increased peripheral blood inflammatory biomarkers, including inflammatory cytokines, which have been shown to access the brain and interact with virtually every pathophysiologic domain known to be involved in depression, including neurotransmitter metabolism, neuroendocrine function, and neural plasticity. Indeed, activation of inflammatory pathways within the brain is believed to contribute to a confluence of decreased neurotrophic support and altered glutamate release/reuptake, as well as oxidative stress, leading to excitotoxicity and loss of glial elements, consistent with neuropathologic findings that characterize depressive disorders. Further instantiating the link between inflammation and depression are data demonstrating that psychosocial stress, a well-known precipitant of mood disorders, is capable of stimulating inflammatory signalling molecules, including nuclear factor kappa B, in part, through activation of sympathetic nervous system outflow pathways. Interestingly, depressed patients with increased inflammatory biomarkers have been found to be more likely to exhibit treatment resistance, and in several studies, antidepressant therapy has been associated with decreased inflammatory responses. Finally, preliminary data from patients with inflammatory disorders, as well as medically healthy depressed patients, suggest that inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines or their signaling pathways may improve depressed mood and increase treatment response to conventional antidepressant medication. Translationa implications of these findings include the unique opportunity to identify relevant patient populations, apply immune-targeted therapies, and monitor therapeutic efficacy at the level of the immune system in addition to behavior.
Metrics and Matrices: Surveying the Past to Create a Better Future

In 2009, Arizona archivists determined that they wanted to tackle a statewide survey of collections to address collaborative collection development and documentation of underrepresented communities and subjects. This case study examines the Arizona Archives Matrix Project, a multi-institutional survey initiative that puts collaboration and collection development under a critical lens. The process entailed winnowing the state down to under 50 subject categories, developing a survey tool, and querying archivists about their collections. This article looks at some of the successes of an undertaking such as the Matrix, as well as the ethical and logistical issues of a metrics-based approach to understanding collections.
Eric Davidson (1937–2015)

Eric Davidson made major contributions to elucidating the mechanisms and logical structure of developmental gene regulatory networks. The Norman Chandler Professor of Cell Biology at the California Institute of Technology, Eric died of a heart attack on 1 September 2015 in Pasadena, California. Eric's death came just a few months after the publication of his latest book, Genomic Control Process: Development and Evolution , coauthored with his colleague Isabelle Peter. In this book, Eric and Isabelle continued to push forward his career-long project of applying rigorous experimental, modeling, and conceptual studies to understanding mechanisms responsible for the operation of gene regulatory networks, as well as how they had evolved through time.
A Giant Flightless Bird from the Pleistocene of Florida

Tin; large, flightless birds of the superfamily Phorusrhacoidea have had a known history confined, until now, to Argentina and Uruguay, and, in time, to the period from the Oligocene to the early Pleistocene. This paper extends the known geographic occurrence of the group to North America and its known geologic range into the late Pleistocene. The fossil here described, from a fluvial deposit in northern Florida, is a bird of tremendous size, larger than the African ostrich and more than twice the size of the South American rhea.
Sexual Behavior of Intersexual Domestic Fowl.

SummaryThe behavior of intersexual male domestic fowl shows gradations from essentially normal masculine copulatory patterns to neutral or inactive behavior, coinciding in general with the degree of masculinity of plumage.
Sex-Linked & Handedness Effects: Do Temporal-Parietal Asymmetry Patterns Diverge in Adults Who Stutter? (P02.053)

Objective: To determine whether sex-linked or handedness factors may be associated with divergent temporal-parietal asymmetry patterns in adults who stutter (AWS) compared to matched controls. Background Developmental stuttering is more common in males than females (5:1 in adults) and in non-right handers. There is evidence that these factors mediate anatomical relationships (PT, planum temporale; PAR, posterior ascending ramus). Therefore, we hypothesized that typical configurations (Leftward PT, Rightward PAR) would be found in male controls, whereas female controls and adults who stutter (AWS) would have atypical configurations. We postulated that these relationships would be modified by degree of handedness (defined by Hand Preference Inventory scores, HPI). Design/Methods: Participants included Controls (n=44, ½ men) and AWS (n=19, 3 females) matched on age (Mean = 31.4) and education (Mean = 16.6); 1/3 non-right handers. Volumetric MRI scans were acquired; neuropsychological assessments were completed. The full extent of the PT and PAR were measured and volumes were computed as % of hemisphere volume. Asymmetry (AQ) was computed: (Left-Right)/[(Left + Right)(.5)]. Results: PT-AQ and PAR-AQ were correlated (r2 = -.424). The association did not vary in male and female Controls, nor did the association vary when AWS were compared to Controls. PT-AQ and PAR-AQ did not predict HPI, but left PT volume was predicted by HPI score (p Conclusions: Although we did not find any differences in AWS, our results support the postulate that left PT size may be an important determinant of the relationship of language and manual preference. Hemispheric specialization for language is associated with handedness in right-handers as the crossed-motor pathways for manual dexterity and skill are left lateralized. A major question is how these functional representations diverge in people who are not strongly right-handed. Supported by: NIH DC04957; Malcolm Fraser Foundation. Disclosure: Dr. Foundas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Corey has nothing to disclose.
Antipyretic Action in Rats of Tolysin Alone and in Combination with Phenacetin

The relative therapeutic effectiveness of tolysin has been questioned because of the fact that large quantities can be tolerated without toxic effects. This has sometimes been attributed to inefficient absorption. Sufficient evidence has now accumulated to show that tolysin is absorbed in full therapeutic doses in humans, dogs and rats.1-34 To date, however, the margin existing between therapeutic dosage and the limit of absorption has never been clearly demonstrated. Previous investigation has shown that 1,000 Mg./K. of tolysin, when given to rats daily by oral administration was completely absorbed and non-toxic, as evidenced by normal growth rate, absence of symptoms or autopsy findings.4 The therapeutic response to 25% of this dose is depicted in the following:Antipyresis in rats was used as the basis for the evaluation of drug action. The animals were fevered by the subcutaneous injection of yeast, using the technique described by Smith and Hambourger.5 This results in a fever maintained at a fairly ...
Exact Distribution of XY for the Elliptically Symmetric Pearson Type II Distribution

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTThe distribution of products of random variables arises explicitly in many areas of the sciences, engineering and medicine. This has increased the need to have available the widest possible range of statistical results on products of random variables. In this paper, the exact distribution of the product XY is derived when (X, Y) has the elliptically symmetric Pearson type II distribution. Extensive tabulations of the associated percentage points and illustrations of their use are also provided.
Fan-Shaped Gold Nanoantennas above Reflective Substrates for Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption (SEIRA)

Here, we report a new nanoantenna for surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) detection, consisting of a fan-shaped Au structure positioned at a well-specified distance above a reflective plane with an intervening silica spacer layer. We examine how to optimize both the antenna dimensions and the spacer layer for optimal SEIRA enhancement of the C–H stretching mode. This tunable 3D geometry yields a theoretical SEIRA enhancement factor of 105, corresponding to the experimental detection of 20–200 zeptomoles of octadecanethiol, using a standard commercial FTIR spectrometer. Experimental studies illustrate the sensitivity of the observed SEIRA signal to the gap dimensions. The optimized antenna structure exhibits an order of magnitude greater SEIRA sensitivity than previous record-setting designs.
Diurnal Variation of Plasma and Pituitary Thyrotropin (TSH) of Rats.

SummaryThe diurnal variation in TSH content of the plasma and pituitary of the female adult rat under conditions of 14 hours of light and 10 hours of darkness was determined by an immunochemical technique. The plasma TSH level rose gradually from 3 A.M. to 3 P.M., then declined; whereas the pituitary TSH was highest at 3 A.M. and then declined until 3 P.M. These data suggest that the thyroid hormones would be lowest some time prior to 3 A.M. and reach a peak some time after 3 P.M., thus stimulating maximal activity during the night.
Discussion on Different Plant Staff Team Construction and Development Branch Mode

With the SAIC GM Wuling Qingdao branch as an example, analyze and make corresponding measures for human resource management of such control manufacturing branch mode. The study for the development of management and the enterprise has a practical significance.
Electron microscopy and the functional significance of a new cellular structure in plasmocytes: a review.

IT HAS TAKEN a relatively long period—more than ten years—before the immense technical progress of electron microscopy with its hundred-fold gains for the world of the visible, could be fully applied to cytologic researches. New methods of fixation, embedding and sectioning had to be devised and tested. 1 , 2 It is only now that the high resolving power of the instrument finds its full application so that one can be reasonably certain that micrographs of structures even as small as about 50 A in size actually correspond to well preserved structures of cells. Comparative investigations as with the freeze-drying technky and x-ray diffraction, 3 make it likely that microscopic cytology may shortly be penetrating into the dimensions of large- and medium-sized molecular structures. 3 If progress continues, even the visualization of certain chemical processes may not be far away.
Congenital Bladder Duplication and Diverticulum

AbstractEvaluation of urinary infection in a 5-month-old male infant revealed duplication of the prostatic urethra and bladder. Associated anomalies were a right bladder diverticulum, left vesicoureteralreflux and bowel duplication.
Computerized Tomographic Demonstration of Inferior Vena Caval Tumor Thrombus from Renal Angiomyolipoma

AbstractA case of renal angiomyolipoma with gross venous tumor thrombus extension into the inferior vena cava is presented. This fatty tumor thrombus is visualized easily by computerized tomography and is confirmed by inferior venacavography, surgery and histology. Macroscopic renal vein and vena caval tumor thrombi rarely occur in patients with angiomyolipoma and may be diagnosed preoperatively by the demonstration of abundant fat within the tumor components.
Mass spectrometry based proteomic biomarker selection and sample prediction

High-resolution MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight) mass spectrometry has recently shown promise as a screening tool for detecting discriminatory peptide/protein patterns. The major computational obstacle in finding such patterns is the large number of mass/charge peaks (features, biomarkers, data points) in a spectrum. To tackle this problem, we have developed methods for data preprocessing and biomarker selection. The preprocessing consists of binning, baseline correction, and normalization. An algorithm, Extended Markov Blanket (EMB), is developed for biomarker detection, which combines redundant feature removal and discriminant feature selection. The biomarker selection couples with support vector machine (SVM) to achieve sample prediction from high-resolution proteomic profiles. Disease progresses in several stages. Therefore, there exist biomarkers corresponding to each stage. To deal with such a multi-class problem, we propose a classification and a feature selection method. The proposed classification method consists of two schemes: error-correcting output coding (ECOC) and pairwise coupling (PWC). In prediction for a test sample, aggregated results of both schemes are considered. In PWC scheme, important features for each pair of classes are found by using extended Markov blanket (EMB) feature selection. To identify the molecular formulae of the biomarkers, we develop a de novo peptide sequencing method. De novo peptide sequencing that determines the amino acid sequence of a peptide via tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has been increasingly used nowadays in proteomics for protein identification. Current de novo methods generally employ a graph theory, which usually produces a large number of candidate sequences and causes heavy computational cost while trying to determine a sequence with less ambiguity. We present a novel de novo sequencing algorithm that greatly reduces the number of candidate sequences. By utilizing certain properties of b- and y-ion series in MS/MS spectrum, we propose a reliable two-way parallel searching algorithm to filter out the peptide candidates that are further pruned by an intensity evidence based screening criterion. LDA is a traditional statistical scheme for feature reduction which has been widely used in a diversity of application areas. In a case where the dimensionality exceeds the sample size, however, the classical LDA faces a problem known as singularity. Since the dimensionality of the mass spectrometry data is considerably huge, the singularity problem necessarily happens. Another drawback of the classical LDA is its linear property with which LDA fails for nonlinear problems. To solve the problem, nonlinear based LDA methods have been proposed. However, they suffer from high cost in running. We propose a new fast kernel discriminant analysis (FKDA).
Abstract WMP51: Patients’ Social Networks Influence Timing of Hospital Arrival After Acute Ischemic Stroke: a Mixed Methods Study

Introduction: Delay in hospital arrival is a major reason for stroke patients’ exclusion from acute therapy. Risk factors for delay include older age, minor symptoms, and living alone. Personal soc...
Leadership in the Human Service Nonprofit Organization: The Influence of the Board of Directors on Executive Director Well-Being and Burnout

While one of the most important relationships for the success of human service organizations, the interplay between an executive director and the board of directors has scarcely been examined in th...
Copper(i) complexes supported by a heavily fluorinated bis(pyrazolyl)borate : Syntheses and characterization of [H2B(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)2]cul (where L = PPh3, N≡CCH3, HC≡CPh, H2C=CHPh) and {[H2B(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)2]Cu}2(1,5 -COD)

Abstract The fluorinated bis(pyrazolyl)borate [H2B(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)2]− allows the isolation of thermally stable copper(I) complexes containing phosphorus and nitrogen based donors, alkyne and alkene ligands. [H2B(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)2]Cu(PPh3), [H2B(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)2]Cu(NCCH3) and {[H2B(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)2]Cu}2(1,5-COD) were synthesized by using [H2B(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)2]K, CF3SO3Cu, and the appropriate ligand, PPh3, NCCH3 or 1,5-COD. [H2B(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)2]Cu(HC CPh) and [H2B(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)2]Cu(H2C CHPh) were obtained by treating [H2B(3,5-(CF3)2Pz) 2]Cu(NCCH3) with phenylacetylene and styrene, respectively. X-ray data show that [H2B(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)2]CuL (where L = PPh3, HC CPh, H2C CHPh) and {[H2B(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)2]Cu}2(1,5-COD) have three-coordinate, trigonal planar copper sites. The bis(pyrazolyl)borate moiety adopts the common boat conformation. The νC C stretching band of [H2B(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)2]Cu(PhC CH) was observed at 1927 cm−1. Structural and spectroscopic data of the alkene and alkyne complexes indicate minimal back-bonding from the d10 copper(I) center.
Fundamentals of Electronics: Book 2: Amplifiers: Analysis and Design

This book, Amplifiers: Analysis and Design, is the second of four books of a larger work, Fundamentals of Electronics. It is comprised of four chapters that describe the fundamentals of amplifier performance. Beginning with a review of two-port analysis, the first chapter introduces the modeling of the response of transistors to AC signals. Basic one-transistor amplifiers are extensively discussed. The next chapter expands the discussion to multiple transistor amplifiers. The coverage of simple amplifiers is concluded with a chapter that examines power amplifiers. This discussion defines the limits of small-signal analysis and explores the realm where these simplifying assumptions are no longer valid and distortion becomes present. The final chapter concludes the book with the first of two chapters in Fundamental of Electronics on the significant topic of feedback amplifiers. Fundamentals of Electronics has been designed primarily for use in an upper division course in electronics for electrical engineering students. Typically such a course spans a full academic years consisting of two semesters or three quarters. As such, Amplifiers: Analysis and Design, and two other books, Electronic Devices and Circuit Applications, and Active Filters and Amplifier Frequency Response, form an appropriate body of material for such a course. Secondary applications include the use with Electronic Devices and Circuit Applications in a one-semester electronics course for engineers or as a reference for practicing engineers.
Grounding and the Formulation of Physicalism

Some philosophers have proposed appealing to the alleged relation of grounding in a formulation of physicalism (or materialism), thus making physicalism the thesis that everything, including the mental, is either physical or grounded in the physical. This chapter, however, provides three reasons for not so appealing. (1) Grounding probably can’t do the key job it would need to do: explicating the “nothing over and above” relation in the physicalist claim that (say) the mental is nothing over and above the physical. (2) We don’t need to appeal to grounding in a formulation of physicalism, since we already have a satisfactory relation of realization to appeal to. (3) The holding of a primitive relation of grounding is probably not even compatible with physicalism.
ATORVASTATIN ACTIVE METABOLITE INHIBITS OXIDATION OF APOB-CONTAINING LIPOPROTEIN PARTICLES OF DIFFERENT SIZES MEASURED IN VITRO UNDER HYPERGLYCEMIC CONDITIONS

Background: Atorvastatin has been shown to reduce cardiovascular events in diabetic patients of diverse ethnicity through cholesterol-lowering as well as cholesterol-independent pathways. The pleiotropic benefits associated with atorvastatin may be related to the reduced oxidation of apoB-containing
Waveguide multimode directional coupler for harvesting harmonic power from the output of traveling-wave tube amplifiers

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and test results for a novel waveguide multimode directional coupler (MDC). The coupler fabricated from dissimilar frequency band waveguides, is capable of isolating power at the 2nd harmonic frequency from the fundamental power at the output port of traveling-wave tube amplifiers. Test results from proof-of-concept demonstrations are presented for Ku/Ka-band and Ka/E-band MDCs, which demonstrate sufficient power in the 2nd harmonic for a space borne beacon source for mm-wave atmospheric propagation studies.
Free-weight resistance exercise on pulse wave reflection and arterial stiffness between sexes in young, resistance-trained adults

We sought to determine the sex-specific effects of an acute bout of free-weight resistance exercise (RE) on pulse wave reflection (aortic blood pressures, augmentation index (AIx), AIx at 75 bpm (A...
Marching Forward, Marching in Circles: A History of Problems and Dilemmas in Teacher Preparation

This essay tracks the history of teacher preparation, from its origins in the early republic to the present. In so doing, it tells two stories. The first is a story about problems—a linear story in...
Large doses of intravenous Rh (D) immunoglobulin lead to sustained elevations in Rh antibody titers

Rhesus (Rh) alloimmunization is potentially devastating for reproductive health. Rarely, RhD mismatched blood may be transfused accidentally, increasing the risks of RhD sensitization. Prevention of Rh sensitization is important especially in women of reproductive age group. Treatment with intravenous RhIg is potentially safe and also the effective means of preventing Rh alloimmunization in cases of Rh-mismatched blood transfusion. We report a case that illustrates the significantly high RhD antibody titers following treatment with intravenous Rh immunoglobulin for prevention of alloimmunization. An 18yo Rh-negative G0 had mistakenly received four units of Rh-positive blood. To avoid future pregnancy related complications, she received monotherapy with 13,200 μg total of intravenous Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg). The treatment was well tolerated; however the RhD antibody titers reached a peak of 1:512. The high levels of RhD antibody titers can have grave implications if the patient is pregnant.
The classical description of a neutron scattered by a Coulomb potential

Good's equations are solved for a neutron moving in a Coulomb potential. It is found that the cross-section of scattering is more singular than Schwinger's Born approximation calculations, the validity of the classical approximation is discussed and it can only be applied to small forward angles.
The Leaders of Leadership Preparation Programs: A Study of Program Coordinators at UCEA-Member Institutions:

Using a cross-sectional survey, we collected data from program coordinators at UCEA-member institutions to understand the various roles, time investments, and cost commitments associated with progr...
A computational approach for predicting microstructure and mechanical properties of plasma sprayed ceramic coatings from powder to bulk

Abstract In this study, a multi-pronged computational approach is developed to predict the effect of spray parameters on aluminum oxide splat formation and mechanical properties of the coatings. Effect of plasma power and substrate preheat temperature on the splat formation and coating's elastic modulus are studied. The splat morphology is investigated using computational fluid dynamics approach. Simulated splat morphologies show a good agreement with the experimentally obtained splats. Three-dimensional coating structure is constructed using the stochastic approach with different simulated splat morphologies, such as the disk, fragmented and fingered shapes, and their volume fractions. Microstructure-based Finite Element Analysis is used to compute the elastic modulus of the coating, which is found to be higher (~12%) than the experimentally obtained value. A correction factor (fis) is introduced, which takes into account inter-splat cracks, interface bonding, and other effects like curling of splats and splat sliding. After the correction factor, the computed elastic modulus for simulated coating was comparable to the experimental values. This study shows that the proposed computational approach can predict the mechanical properties of the coating and is promising for developing plasma-sprayed coatings with predictable properties. This methodology can be extended to other materials systems resulting in a desktop manufacturing approach of plasma sprayed coatings with a reduced number of experiments.
Robotic compared with laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A propensity matched analysis

Abstract Background As robotic surgery becomes more ubiquitous, determining clinical benefit is necessary to justify the cost and time investment required to become proficient. We hypothesized that robotic cholecystectomy would be associated with improved clinical outcomes but also increased cost as compared with standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Materials and Methods All patients undergoing robotic or laparoscopic cholecystectomy at a single academic hospital between 2007 and 2017 were identified using an institutional clinical data repository. Patients were stratified by operative approach (robotic versus laparoscopic) for comparison and propensity score matched 1:10 based on relevant comorbidities and demographics. Categorical variables were analyzed by the χ2 test and continuous variables using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results A total of 3,255 patients underwent cholecystectomy during the study period. We observed no differences in demographics or body mass index, but greater rates of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and gastroesophageal reflux disease were present in the laparoscopic group. After matching (n = 106 robotic, n = 1,060 laparoscopic), there were no differences in preoperative comorbidities. Patients who underwent robotic cholecystectomy had lesser durations of stay (robotic: 0.1 ± 0.7 versus laparoscopic: 0.8 ± 1.9, P Conclusion Robotic cholecystectomy is associated with lesser duration of stay and lesser readmission rate within 90 days of the index operation, but also greater operative duration and hospital cost compared with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Hospitals and surgeons need to consider the improved clinical outcomes but also the monetary and time investment required before pursuing robotic cholecystectomy.
Moirai Version 3: A Data Processing System to Generate Recent Historical Land Inputs for Global Modeling Applications at Various Scales

The Moirai land data system, written in C and R, is designed to produce recent historical land inputs for an integrated human-Earth systems model. The primary function of Moirai is to combine spatially explicit input data (e.g., raster images) with tabular input data (e.g., crop price table) to generate spatially-referenced tabular data of crop production, crop harvested area, land value, irrigated and rainfed crop area, water footprint, soil and vegetation carbon density of unmanaged land, and historical land use/cover. These data are aggregated to user-defined geographic boundaries within 231 countries and the default boundaries are defined globally by 235 watersheds. The production, harvested area, and land value outputs reconstruct those available from the Global Trade Analysis Project, while the other outputs provide additional information for various applications, such as initializing or evaluating a land use change model or an economic general/partial equilibrium model. Furthermore, Moirai is a modular system that can be updated and customized through replacement and addition of source data.