cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tree-level mass spectra in the observable sector

We consider the tree-level masses in N = 1 supergravity coupled to gauged chiral matter. Two special cases are considered. First, assuming only that the D α terms vanish at the mimimum, we derive an approximate spectrum: M 0 ± = | M 3 / 2 ± M 1 / 2 | + M 3 / 2 O ( R I J ∗ K L ∗ G K G L ∗ , G I J K G K ) + O ( M 1 2 / M 3 / 2 ) . Secondly, for a particular (and rather general) class of models that split into an observable sector and a hidden sector we succeed in completely diagonalizing the observable sector mass matrices.
Functional analysis of the domain organization of Trypanosoma brucei RNase HI.

Abstract The structure–function relationship of Trypanosoma brucei RNase HI was investigated by evaluating the abilities of truncated forms of the enzyme to convert RNase H substrate to product. Our studies identify a 42-amino-acid noncanonical RNase HI spacer domain essential for function. We also show that the enzyme's nuclear localization domain is not required for RNase H activity but functions as an RNA binding domain which modulates the enzyme's Mn 2+ -dependent activity. These findings show that the enzyme's RNA binding/nuclear targeting and RNase H activities are organized into discrete N- and C-terminal domains with boundaries established by its spacer domain. This is the first report of the unusual structure to function relationship of a protozoal RNase H. This relationship may be conserved in other eukaryotic RNases H suggesting that criteria preserving their structure and function may be important to their roles in nucleic acid metabolism.
Mass spectrometry feedback control for synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate granule microstructures in Ralstonia eutropha

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) granules with core-shell layered microstructure were synthesized in Ralstonia eutropha using periodic feeding of valeric acid into a growth medium containing excess fructose. The O2 consumption and CO2 evolution rates, determined by off-gas mass spectrometry, have been used as sensitive measures to indicate the type of nutrients utilized by R. eutropha during PHA synthesis. Domains of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) were formed during polymer storage conditions when only fructose was present. Feeding of valeric acid (pentanoic acid) resulted in the synthesis of hydroxyvalerate (HV) monomers, forming a poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBV) copolymer. The synthesis of desired polymer microstructures was monitored and controlled using online mass spectrometry (MS). The respiratory quotient (RQ) was unique to the type of polymer being synthesized due to increased O2 consumption during PHBV synthesis. MS data was used as the control signal for nutrient feeding strategies in the bioreactor. The core-shell structures synthesized were verified in cells using transmission electron microscopy after thin sectioning and staining with RuO4. It was demonstrated that the synthesis of core-shell microstructures can be precisely controlled utilizing a MS feedback control system.
Autoradiographic analysis of regional alterations in brain receptors following chronic administration and withdrawal of typical and atypical neuroleptics in rats.

Rats were administered haloperidol, clozapine, raclopride, or no drug for 28 days or 8 months. Following a 3 week withdrawal period, in vitro autoradiography was utilized to examine receptor binding for dopamine D2 ([3H]spiperone and [3H]raclopride), dopamine D1 ([3H]SCH23390), GABAA ([3H]muscimol), benzodiazepine ([3H]RO15-1788), and muscarinic ACh receptors ([3H]QNB). [3H]spiperone was elevated in striatal subregions only in haloperidol-treated rats, with the largest increases seen in the 8 month duration animals. Striatal [3H]raclopride binding was increased after both short- and long-term treatment in both haloperidol and raclopride, but not clozapinetreated animals. Clozapine-treated rats showed significant increases in [3H]SCH23390 in the nucleus accumbens after 28-day administration; otherwise no changes were seen for this ligand in any other groups. Increases in [3H]muscimol binding in the substantia nigra reticulata were seen in haloperidol-treated rats after 8 month treatment. Binding of [3H]QNB and [3H]RO15-1788 were not significantly different from control for any of the drug-treated groups. These data suggest that persisting alterations in receptor binding are primarily seen in dopamine D2 and GABA receptors after withdrawal from chronic administration of haloperidol but not the atypical neuroleptics, clozapine and raclopride.
Radio-frequency energy transport into the body☆

Abstract Inductive coupling and capacitive-conductive coupling are versatile methods of transporting energy into the body. Transport efficiencies and the distribution of thermal losses in the tissue are approximately calculable on the basis of classical electromagnetic theory. Limited studies in dogs and mice exposed, on a chronic basis, to fields appropriate to energy transport at the 50-watt level has elucidated no indications of adverse nonthermal effects. It is anticipated that inductive coupling and capacitive-conductive coupling will be increasingly utilized in both experimental and clinical situations as the advantages and limitations of these radio-frequency systems become more widely appreciated.
A commingling analysis of obesity in the Tecumseh community health study

A commingling analysis of the distributions of obesity as quantified by Quetelet's index, triceps skinfold, suprailiac skinfold, umbilical skinfold, subscapular skinfold, a trunk-extremity ratio of skinfold measurements and Quetelet-adjusted trunk-extremity ratio was performed in a population of 9,226 individuals living in Tecumseh, Michigan, during 1962-1965. For all but the (non-Quetelet-adjusted) trunk-extremity ratio, two or three distributions were needed to fit the data adequately even after performing a power transformation to eliminate skewness. Although this evidence is compatible with a major gene effect, segregation analyses of these data using the unified, mixed model are necessary to resolve whether the commingling is due to a major gene.
Isoperimetric profile and uniqueness for Neumann problems

Given a connected compact Riemannian surface (M,g), f an absolutely continuous function satisfying f⩾f′>0 and a real parameter α, we deal with classical solutions of {−Δgu=f(u)−αin M,∂u∂n=0on ∂M. We prove that any non-constant solution of the above problem satisfies ∫Mf(u)⩾8πinfs∈(0,vol(M)){IM2(s)ISM2(s)}, where IM and ISM denote respectively the isoperimetric profile of M and of the standard two-dimensional sphere having same measure than M (see Definition 2.1 below). This inequality is applied to derive new uniqueness results for mean field type equations. A similar result for linear problems is established and gives lower bounds for the first non-zero Neumann eigenvalue.
Mobilizing ethnic competition

Ethnic competition theory provides a powerful explanation for ethnic conflict, by demonstrating how variation in ethnic mobilization relates to intergroup struggles over scarce resources. However, the tendency to capture such relationships at the aggregate level, through macro-level proxies of intergroup competition, offers little insight into the processes through which ethnic grievances mobilize into contentious action. This article integrates insights from the social movements literature to address how competitive contexts crystallize into broader conflicts. Drawing on data from the civil rights-era Ku Klux Klan—perhaps the quintessential case of contentious ethnic organization in the United States—the analysis focuses on the ways in which meso-level arrangements mediate the relationship between overarching competitive contexts and ethnic conflict. Results of a paired comparative analysis of KKK mobilization in Greensboro and Charlotte demonstrate that social and spatial relations within each city shaped the contours of perceived competition and subsequent ethnic organization in ways that were not always predictable through observation of conventional proxies of competition.
An extension of mann's theorem to a triple of mutually orthogonal latin squares of order 10

Abstract It is shown that, given an OA(10, 5), at least one of the 5 3 contained in it has a subsquare of side 5 in which some five of the ten digits occur at least 9 and at most 12 times.
Inventing authority: Bill Clinton, Martin Luther King, Jr., and the orchestration of rhetorical traditions

On November 13, 1993, President Clinton addressed five thousand African American ministers at the site of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. ‘s last speech in Memphis, Tennessee and, to open a dialogue on race relations, spoke in King's voice. This essay develops a critical orientation revolving around the concepts of tradition, invention, and authority as a means of exploring Clinton's remarkable performance. The President invented the authority to address race by interanimating the black church and liberal traditions in American politics. Critique of Clinton's address suggests that rhetorical traditions can play an important role in contemporary criticism by situating a specific text within the rhetorical traditions constituting the American public sphere.
Further Observations of Cygnus X-3 at 8 GHz during the September 1972 Outbursts

FOLLOWING the large radio event on September 2 in Cygnus X-3 (ref. 1) a second large outburst was detected on September 19 (ref. 2). Here we describe the results of measurements of the circular and linear polarization and of the flux density made during the second and subsequent outbursts.
Layer-by-Layer Synthesis of Metal-Containing Conducting Polymers: Caged Metal Centers for Interlayer Charge Transport

Metal-templated [2 + 3]-type cocondensation of a π-extended boronic acid and nioxime furnished a series of cage molecules, which were electropolymerized to prepare metal-containing conducting polymers (MCPs). Despite sharing essentially isostructural organic scaffolds, these materials display metal-dependent electrochemical properties as evidenced by different redox windows observed for M = Co, Fe, Ru. Consecutive electropolymerization using two different monomers furnished bilayer MCPs having different metals in each layer. In addition to functioning as heavy atom markers in cross-sectional analysis by FIB and EDX, redox-active metal centers participate in voltage-dependent interlayer electron transport to give rise to cyclic voltammograms that are distinctively different from those of each layer alone or random copolymers. A simple electrochemical technique can thus be used as a straightforward diagnostic tool to investigate the structural ordering of electrically conductive layered materials.
Apoptosis in the genesis of cardiac rhythm disorders.

"When the dust settles you will know if youhave been riding a horse or a donkey."ANCIENT SANSKRIT PROVERB The relatively recent recognition of apoptosis as a unique mechanism of cell death has sparked several interesting studies to examine its role in various disorders of the cardiovascular system. This article highlights the important aspects of the role of apoptotic cell death as it relates to the electrical function of the heart. Programmed cell death, consistent with its role in the development of other organ systems, is thought to play an important role in the normal development of the cardiac conduction system and involution of the postnatal right ventricle. Excessive apoptosis has been implicated as a pathogenetic mechanism responsible for several disorders of the cardiac conduction system and other regions of the heart. Several studies have detected programmed cell death in the setting of complete heart block, 17 atrial fibrillation, 2 and in disorders such as arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. 21 Apoptosis also could play an important role in progression of ventricular dysfunction. 24,25 Programmed cell death in such dysfunctional dilated hearts raises the possibility that apoptotic cell death could play a role in altering the myocardial substrate that is responsible for the arrhythmias encountered in this setting. These patients represent the major group in the clinical setting who eventually require antiarrhythmic or device therapy for the management of ventricular arrhythmias. Apoptosis seems to be an elegant explanation for some of the pathological findings seen in several disorders of the cardiac rhythm. A clear cause and effect relationship is hard to prove. The exact role of programmed cell death in these conditions is yet to be fully defined, however.
Learner Perception of Formal and Informal Pronouns in Russian.

This project investigates whether learners of Russian perceive the sociocultural weight of the two personal pronouns for 'you,' ty (informal/intimate) and vy (formal/polite) when they listen to native speech. Research on address pronoun use shows it to be an important sociocultural variable and, while there is some general consistency in use, there is also a great deal of manipulation of the pronouns to create effect or demonstrate a change in relational dynamic. Students at Northeast College and Midwest University participated in a listening task involving video clips from Russian and Soviet films. Results indicate that perception of the pronouns in a listening task is not significantly different across proficiency levels. That is, beginning and advanced learners demonstrate similar ability with the understanding of the feature. Furthermore, female learners outperformed male learners on the listening task to a statistically significant degree within each program. These results add to the body of knowledge in second language acquisition and, more specifically, to our knowledge of how pragmatic features of a language are understood by learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Effect of pentobarbital on the strength duration curve of the jaw opening reflex to tooth pulp stimulation in cats

Brain stem field potentials and digastric electromyographic responses to tooth pulp stimulation were recorded in six chronically prepared adult cats. Strength duration curves were derived for both responses under conditions of wakefulness and anesthetic levels of sodium pentobarbital (35 mg/kg). For the muscle response, the slope of the strength duration curve for short duration pulses became more negative, and the chronaxies were significantly increased under anesthesia as compared to the awake state. For the field potential response, the same parameters were not significantly altered. The results suggest that the alteration in strength duration curve seen in the muscle response may be determined beyond the level of the first synapse.
Cytokines and T cells in host defense

Soluble and cell-bound ligands profoundly influence the differentiative fate of lymphocytes during an immune response. Recent advances have been made in understanding the role of cytokine signals and costimulatory signals in the regulation of T cell responses associated with resistance or susceptibility to infection. There has also been recent progress in defining the requirements for the generation and maintenance of immunologic memory, a critical component of adaptive immunity.
Toxic effects produced by extracts of eggs of the cabezon Scorpaenichthys marmoratus

The eggs of the cabezon Scorpaenichthys marmoratus, a cottid fish found in the shallow waters off the coast of western North America, contain a toxin that is non-dialyzable and thermolabile. Crude preparations of the toxin inhibit growth of mouse L-cell fibroblasts in tissue culture. In spite of some superficial resemblances to α-amanitin, the toxin from cabezon roe failed to significantly alter the nuclear RNA/DNA ratio in the liver. After i.p. injection of the toxin into mice, the total number of white cells in peripheral blood increases, but the absolute number and percentage of lymphocytes decrease significantly.
153 PROSTAGLANDIN E 1 INFUSION FOR DUCTUS DEPENDENT CARDIAC LESIONS

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE) infusion (0.1g/kg/min) was used in 15 neonates with ductus dependence of the pulmonary (Group I) or systemic (Group II) blood flow. Group I consisted of 9 patients, 8 with severe right ventricular outflow obstruction and I with transposition of the great arteries with severe pulmonic stenosis. The age at which infusion of PGE was started ranged from 12 hours to 34 days. Duration of infusion was from 10 minutes to 3 days. Improvement in pO2 was seen in 7/9 pts. No increase was seen in 1 infant with hypoplastic pulmonary arteries and 1 infant age 34 days. Two pts developed fever and 1 bradycardia during infusion. In the 5 pts of Group II, 3 had extreme coarctation of the aorta (CA) and 2 interpted aortic arch. The age of infusion ranged from 24 hours to 8 days. Duration of infusion was from 70 minutes to 6 days. Increased pulse pressure in the descending aorta was noted in all 5 pts. Spontaneous correction of metabolic acidosis was preceded by a transient decrease in arterial pH in 3 pts. One infant developed seizures during infusion. One additional infant with pulmonary hypertension secondary to severe mitral insufficiency received PGE because of clinical impression of CA. There was marked improvement in cardiac output. Following surgical intervention PGE was used in 3 Group I and 1 Group II pts because of poor response to the initial surgery. Shunt revision was performed in 3. PGE is effective in ductus dependent right and left heart lesions. Prolonged infusion and effectiveness in the post-operative period is demonstrated.
Eye movement latencies for parafoveally presented words

Subjects in the present experiment made saccadic eye movements to words presented left and right of fixation. The words were presented in the range that approximates the distance covered by the eye during reading. The mean latencies were 30-100 msec shorter than mean fixation durations in reading. Latencies were significantly shorter for left-to-right saccades than for right-to-left saccades. There were also differences in saccadic latency as a function of task demands.
Medication Therapy Management Services in North Carolina Community Pharmacies: Current Practice Patterns and Projected Demand

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the types of cognitive services offered and the number of patients being served in community pharmacies, determine the number of pharmacies that plan to offer medication therapy management (MTM) services under the Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit, and assess whether current and expected practices will meet the potential needs of enrollees. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting North Carolina in January 2005. Participants 1,593 community pharmacy managers. Interventions Survey using a Web-based tool. Main Outcome Measures Provision of cognitive services and number of patients for whom services are provided. Results A total of 262 (16%) pharmacy managers provided usable responses. Approximately 42% of respondents (n=110) indicated that they provide some type of cognitive service. Comprehensive MTM services, or services consistent with the professionwide consensus definition, were provided by 31% of respondents (n=81). Independent pharmacies were more likely to offer some type of service compared with chain pharmacies (58% versus 31%, respectively; P P =.02), and pharmacies with pharmacists on staff who had received certificate training were more likely to offer cognitive services ( P =.03). Of all respondents, 28% (n=73) indicated that they planned to offer MTM services under the Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit. Conclusion Comparing these results with those of a 1999 survey of North Carolina pharmacists that used some of the same items, the percentage of community pharmacies that provide cognitive services has increased in the intervening years but remains low. Among the services being offered in 2005, most were focused on patient education and training, coordinating and integrating care, and medication regimen reviews. Implementation of MTM services under the Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit should hasten the development and offering of these services in community pharmacies.
Ge(Li)-Ge(Li) coincidence studies of the decay of 109Pd

Abstract The energy levels of 109 Ag that are populated in the decay of 13 h 109 Pd have been investigated with high-resolution Ge(Li) gamma-ray spectrometers. Coincidence results obtained with a Ge(Li)Ge(Li) detector system coupled with energy sums and relative intensity considerations suggest the existence of excited states in 109 Ag at 88, 133, 311, 415, 702, 724, 735, 863, 869, 911, 912 and 1099 keV. An additional state is present at either 707 or 795 keV. A comparison with previous Coulomb excitation data has been made. Spin and parity assignments are suggested for most of the states, and the level structure is discussed in terms of existing nuclear models.
Evaluation of a turbine blade damper using an integral approach

An integrated experimental/analytical approach to friction damper design optimization in cases where gas turbine blade-response data are unavailable under actual engine operating conditions is presently applied to the case of a damper designed to relieve a blade-cracking problem on a liquid fuel rocket engine's turbopump. Attention is given to the experimental methods and analytical models used, as well as to the predicted damper performance. The inclusion of macroslip, microslip, and variable normal load effects was found to be necessary.
Isolated solutions of quadratic matrix equations

Abstract We study the solutions X to the quadratic operator equation XBX + XA − DX − C =0 via the invariant subspace structure of an associated operator matrix. We translate a theorem of R.G. Douglas and C. Pearcy into a characterization of the isolated solutions to the matrix equation XBX + XA − DX − C =0, and we discuss conditions which ensure that the equation has a unique solution.
Increasing algal photosynthetic productivity by integrating ecophysiology with systems biology.

Oxygenic photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and cyanobacteria convert sunlight and CO 2 into chemical energy and biomass. Previously published estimates suggest that algal photosynthesis is, at best, able to convert approximately 5–7% of incident light energy to biomass and there is opportunity for improvement. Recent analyses of in situ photophysiology in mass cultures of algae and cyanobacteria show that cultivation methods can have detrimental effects on a cell's photophysiology – reinforcing the need to understand the complex responses of cell biology to a highly variable environment. A systems-based approach to understanding the stresses and efficiencies associated with light-energy harvesting, CO 2 fixation, and carbon partitioning will be necessary to make major headway toward improving photosynthetic yields.
Loop-free traffic engineering with path protection in MPLS VPNs

In this paper we present a new approach for VPN (virtual private network) traffic engineering with path protection in Multiprotocol Label Switching networks carrying QoS and best effort traffic. Our approach eliminates the path cycles, a problem often encountered in link-based traffic engineering methods. It also allows for control of the maximum path length and the size of the label space in each label switch router. We consider off-line computation of the working and backup paths using a link-based approach. Two cases of 1+1 and 1:1 path protection are considered. Numerical results are presented to show the efficacy of the algorithm in calculating link-disjoint and node-disjoint primary and backup paths for the QoS traffic.
Covalent Modification at the C-Terminal End of a 9 kDa γD-Crystallin Fragment in Human Lenses

The presence of a 9-kDa gamma D-crystallin fragment among water-soluble (WS) and water-insoluble (WI) proteins of human lenses was investigated using individual site specific antibodies to the N- and C-terminal regions of the molecule. The polyclonal antibodies were raised against nonapeptides corresponding to the N- and C-terminal ends and are referred to as anti-9-kDa-N and anti-9-kDa-C antibodies respectively. On Western blot analysis of WS and WI proteins from lenses of donors of different ages, the WS9-kDa species showed immunoreactivity to both the anti-9-kDa-N and anti-9-kDa-C antibodies whereas WI 9 kDa species showed immunoreactivity to only the anti-9-kDa-N antibody. This suggested that possible modification had occurred at the C-terminal region of the WI 9-kDa polypeptide. The 9-kDa species of WS, water-soluble-high-molecular-weight (WS-HMW), water-insoluble-urea-soluble (WI-US) and water-insoluble-urea-insoluble (WI-UI) protein fractions was purified by preparative SDS-PAGE separation followed by HPLC on a C-18 column. Two forms of 9-kDa species were isolated from the WS proteins; one associated with the gamma-crystallin, immunoreactive to both the antibodies, and the other associated with high-molecular-weight protein, immunoreactive to only the anti-9-kDa-N antibody. In contrast, only one form of the 9-kDa species, immunoreactive to the anti-9-kDa-N antibody could be detected in the WI-US and WI-UI protein fractions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nonlinear Schrödinger equations with mean terms in nonresonant multidimensional quadratic materials.

We derive the asymptotic equations governing the evolution of a quasi-monochromatic optical pulse in a nonresonant quadratic material starting from Maxwell equations. Under rather general assumptions, equations of nonlinear Schr\"odinger (NLS) type with coupling to mean fields result (here called NLSM). In particular, if the incident pulse is polarized along one of the principal axes of the material, scalar NLSM equations are obtained. For a generic input, however, coupled vector NLSM systems result. Special reductions of these equations include the usual scalar and vector NLS equations. Based on results known for similar systems which arise in other physical contexts, we expect the behavior of the solutions to be characterized by a rather large variety of phenomena. In particular, we show that the presence of the coupling to the dc fields can have a dramatic effect on the dynamics of the optical pulse, and stable localized multidimensional pulses can arise through interaction with boundary terms associated to the mean fields.
High-temperature oxidation of MoSi2

Oxidation behavior of MoSi2 was investigated in air over the temperature range of 1400–1700 °C. Spallation of the SiO2 scale did not occur at any temperature, and Mo5Si3 formation did not happen below 1700 °C. A change in the rate-controlling mechanism was detected within the temperature range of this study. Activation energy for oxidation of MoSi2 at high temperatures was determined to be 204 kJ/mol. This value is less than the value of activation energy for oxidation of MoSi2 controlled by diffusion of O2 through amorphous SiO2 layer reported at lower temperatures. The decrease in activation energy is attributed to the increased degree of crystallization of amorphous silica to β-cristobalite at high temperatures resulting in enhanced O2 diffusion through SiO 4 −4 tetrahedral structure.
Monolithic integration of chalcogenide glass/iron garnet waveguides and resonators for on-chip nonreciprocal photonic devices

We report monolithic integration of chalcogenide glass(ChG)/iron garnet waveguides and racetrack resonators on silicon for on-chip nonreciprocal photonic devices applications. Using a two step growth strategy, we successfully integrated phase pure Bi0.8Y2.2Fe5O12 (Bi0.8YIG), Bi1.8Y1.2Fe5O12 (Bi1.8YIG) and Ce1Y2Fe5O12 (CeYIG) polycrystalline thin films on silicon with low fabrication thermal budgets. Strip-loaded ChG/Iron garnet waveguides and racetrack resonators were fabricated by thermal evaporation and lift off. The waveguide loss was systematically characterized by cutback and paperclip methods. For the first time, the optical transmission loss of polycrystalline Bi or Ce doped garnets were evaluated at communication wavelengths in waveguides. Polycrystalline CeYIG films show a saturation Faraday rotation of -830deg/cm and transmission loss of ~40dB/cm at 1550nm, which is promising for on-chip nonreciprocal photonic device applications. Such waveguide structures were successfully incorporated in GeS2/Bi0.8YIG racetrack resonators which show well defined resonance spectrum at near infrared wavelength. The nonreciprocal phase shift (NRPS) and device figure of merit of the ChG/Garnet waveguides were simulated by numerical methods. Possible improvements and applications of such devices for integrated optical isolator applications are analyzed and discussed.
A sulfonated calix[4]resorcinarene with α-methyl-l-prolinylmethyl groups as a water-soluble chiral NMR solvating agent

A water-soluble calix[4]resorcinarene containing α-methyl-l-prolinylmethyl groups was investigated as a chiral NMR solvating agent. Substrates form complexes by insertion of the aromatic ring into the cavity of the calix[4]resorcinarene. Amino acid derivatives with phenyl or indole rings, ammonium substrates with pyridyl, indane or dihydroindole rings, and phenyl-containing substrates with carboxylic acid and/or hydroxyl groups were studied. The effectiveness of the α-methyl-l-prolinylmethyl calix[4]resorcinarene is compared to similar reagents with proline and hydroxyproline moieties that have previously been reported. The α-methyl-l-prolinylmethyl derivative causes larger enantiomeric discrimination of one or more 1H resonances than the previous systems for most of the substrates.
Handedness enantioselection of carbon nanotubes using helical assemblies of flavin mononucleotide.

In order to truly unlock advanced applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), one needs to separate them according to both chirality and handedness. Here we show that the chiral d-ribityl phosphate chain of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) induces a right-handed helix that enriches the left-handed SWNTs for all suspended (n,m) species. Such enantioselectivity stems from the sp3 hybridization of the N atom anchoring the sugar moiety to the flavin ring. This produces two FMN conformations (syn and anti) analogous to DNA. Electrostatic interactions between the neighboring uracil moiety and the 2′-OH group of the side chain provide greater stability to the anti-FMN conformation that leads to a right-handed FMN helix. The right-handed twist that the FMN helix imposes to the underlying nanotube, similar to “Indian burn”, causes diameter dilation of only the left-handed SWNTs, whose improved intermolecular interactions with the overlaying FMN helix, impart enantioselection.
Toward on-chip datacenters: a perspective on general trends and on-chip particulars

Due to economical reasons, the traditional philosophy in data centers was to scale out, rather than scaling up. However, the advances in CMP technology enabled chip multiprocessors to become more prevalent and they are expected to become more affordable and power-efficient in the coming years. Current trend towards more densely packaged systems and increasing demand for higher performance push the market towards placing datacenters on highly powerful chips that have many cores on a single platform. However, increasing the number of cores on a single chip brings along very important problems to be addressed at the chip level regarding the use of shared resources and QoS satisfaction. After briefly exploring current datacenter perspective, this paper captures the current state of the art in the field of chip multiprocessors through a detailed discussion of different studies that pave the way to the datacenters on-chip. Finally, a number of open research issues are highlighted with the intention of inspiring new contributions and developments in the field of datacenters on-chip.
Status of Technology for the Recovery of Uranium from Seawater

Abstract Experimental work involving recovery of uranium from seawater is currently under way in several countries. Hydrous titanium oxide has been repeatedly identified as the most promising candidate adsorbent. However, many of its properties such as distribution coefficient, selectivity, loading, and possibly long-term stability may be inadequate for a practical recovery system. Also, evaluations of the energy efficiency of pumped or tidal power methods of contacting the seawater with the hydrous titanium oxide are in major disagreement. Published estimates of the cost of recovering U3O8 vary by an order of magnitude. Needed future research and development activities are defined, based on a literature review of the available chemical information. The prime recommendation is for a fundamental laboratory chemical development program to achieve improved absorbent properties, either with hydrous titanium oxide or other materials. Some unresolved engineering aspects of uranium recovery from seawater are als...
Segmentation free shared weight networks for automatic vehicle detection

The problem of detecting a vehicle of a certain type in an outdoor scene is investigated. A shared weight neural network is applied in correlation fashion to images of outdoor scenes. Two sets of images are considered. The first set consists of forward looking infrared images of tanks. The second set consists of visible images of cars in a parking lot. The goal in the first set of images is to detect the tanks. The goal in the second set of images is to detect the Chevrolet Blazers. The second problem is much more difficult than the first. The networks are compared to a minimum average correlation energy (MACE) matched filter approach. The shared weight network was found to be better at generalizing. Problems were found in trying to suppress spurious outputs on the background. As a result, an improved training algorithm was developed.
Parallel processing in complex visual discrimination

In a “same-different” reaction time (RT) task pairs of stimuli varying along one or more dimensions are presented and S is required to indicate, as rapidly as possible, whether the stimuli are physically identical or different. This task was employed in three experiments investigating the processes by which multidimensional stimuli are discriminated. The results indicated that stimulus dimensions are compared in parallel; that the time required to interrogate a dimension varies randomly across trials and is dependent upon the time required to interrogate other dimensions present in test stimuli, and that comparisons terminate upon the detection of information sufficient for a correct response.
Computerized neurocognitive scanning: I. Methodology and validation in healthy people.

Neuropsychological testing batteries are applied in neurobehavioral evaluations of brain disorders, including neuropsychiatric populations. They are lengthy, require expert administrators and professional scorers, and are prone to data handling errors. We describe a brief computerized neurocognitive “scan” that assesses similar domains with adequate reliability. The scan and a traditional battery were administered to a sample of 92 healthy individuals (44 men, 48 women) in a counterbalanced order. Both approaches showed a significant “sex-typical” gradient, with women outperforming men in verbal memory relative to spatial tasks. Both methods also yielded similar profiles of sex differences, with the additional computerized measure of face memory showing better performance in women. Age effects were evident for both methods, but the computerized scan isolated the effects to speed rather than accuracy. Therefore, the computerized scan has favorable reliability and construct validity and can be applied efficiently to study healthy variability related to age and gender.
A note on the formation of free list

The concept of an available-space list was introduced by Newell and Shaw [1] in 1957, and has since been incorporated into a number of different systems [2-5]. The available-space list (or “free list”) is a list of all available memory locations. It should initially be as large as possible, and ideally it would contain every cell not used by the program. The subject of this note is the initial formation of a free list on the IBM 7090-7094, using the FORTRAN II monitor, version 2. The method presented originated while the authors were working on an implementation of the WISP [5] system for the 7090 in cooperation with Prof. M. V. Wilkes and his colleagues.
Perceptual vs conceptual categorization.

The study considered whether Ss use the same strategies in categorizing biographical descriptions as in perceptual classifications. A biographical description consisted of a person’s age, income, number of children, and years of education. The Ss were asked to classify these descriptions as residents of two different suburbs in order to compare the results with a previous study using schematic faces. The 123 Ss were assigned to one of three alternative organizations of the descriptions: a table, a “name” organized paragraph in which each person was successively described, or an “attribute” organized paragraph in which each attribute was successively described. Essentially the same results were obtained for schematic faces and biographical descriptions, except for a few differences which were attributed to the use of more realistic categories (suburbs) in the present study. When more realistic categories are used, a S’s prior experience can influence which attributes he emphasizes and possibly his formation of an abstract prototype.
BEYOND SEM: GENERAL LATENT VARIABLE MODELING

This article gives an overview of statistical analysis with latent variables. Using traditional structural equation modeling as a starting point, it shows how the idea of latent variables captures a wide variety of statistical concepts, including random effects, missing data, sources of variation in hierarchical data, finite mixtures. latent classes, and clusters. These latent variable applications go beyond the traditional latent variable useage in psychometrics with its focus on measurement error and hypothetical constructs measured by multiple indicators. The article argues for the value of integrating statistical and psychometric modeling ideas. Different applications are discussed in a unifying framework that brings together in one general model such different analysis types as factor models, growth curve models, multilevel models, latent class models and discrete-time survival models. Several possible combinations and extensions of these models are made clear due to the unifying framework.
The stability of two-dimensional linear flows of an Oldroyd-type fluid

Abstract A linear stability analysis is made for an Oldroyd-type fluid undergoing steady two-dimensional flows in which the velocity field is a linear function of position throughout an unbounded region. This class of basic flows is characterized by a parameter λ which ranges from λ = 0 for simple shear flow to λ = 1 for pure extensional flow. The time derivatives in the constitutive equation can be varied continuously from co-rotational to co-deformational as a parameter β varies from 0 to 1. The linearized disturbance equations are analyzed to determine the asymptotic behavior as time t → ∞ of a spatially periodic initial disturbance. It is found that unbounded flows in the range 0
The toxicity of metal ions to aquatic organisms.

Abstract Experimental results and data collected from the literature on the toxicity of cations to aquatic organisms are presented. The findings are analyzed in terms of a model based on the inhibited Michaelis-Menten mechanism and on the assumption that the cations considered are toxic because they combine with an essential sulfhydryl group attached to a key enzyme.
Structural Optimization of a Novel Coaxial Magnetic Gear

Compared with the traditional mechanical gear, permanent magnetic gear has some unique advantages, such as high efficiency, noise free, zero friction, and overload protection and so on. However, its applications are always constrained due to its unstable or not smooth torque produced by this kind of magnetic gear. Based on the structure of the magnetic gear, this paper introduces a coaxial magnetic gear with a double-layer structure composition, which could provide the higher and stable or smooth torque.
Social anxiety, only skin deep? The relationship between ratings of physical attractiveness and social anxiety

This paper examines the relationship between social anxiety and physical attractiveness using Langlois’ (1986) developmental approach to physical attractiveness. Two hundred and fifty‐eight students from two different institutions participated in the study. First, participants completed the dyadic and group apprehension dimensions of the PRCA 24. Second, two hundred and thirty‐eight of the 258 participants agreed to have their photographs taken for the study. The photographs were rated for physical attractiveness by eight raters from a third institution. Consistent with Langlois’ theory, the results indicate physical attractiveness was significantly correlated to dyadic apprehension (r = ‐.16, p — .01), group apprehension (r‐ ‐.17, p < .01) and the communication apprehension composite (r = ‐.19, p < .01). Physical attractiveness and gender did not, however, interact in their relationship to communication apprehension. The implications of these results are discussed and suggestions for future research are ...
When Natural and Technological Disasters Collide: Lessons from the Turkey Earthquake of August 17, 1999

Analysis of the effects of strong earthquakes on hazardous materials stored at industrial facilities in urban areas can provide valuable insights for future risk management practice. In this study, the experience of the heavily industrialized Kocaeli region of Turkey after the August 17, 1999, earthquake is reviewed. Nineteen industrial facilities are investigated. Some of the more catastrophic examples of hazardous materials releases investigated include these: the intentional release of 200,000 kg of hazardous anhydrous ammonia at a fertilizer plant; the leakage of 6.5 million kg of toxic acrylonitrile into air, soil and water from ruptured tanks at a chemical company; enormous fires in the crude oil unit and naphtha tank farm; and liquid petroleum gas leakages and oil spills at the port terminal at a oil refinery. This research shows that joint earthquake-technological disasters can be mitigated by creating chemical release emergency response plans which specifically incorporate conditions that typically follow a major earthquake. These plans would include consideration of the potential unavailability of water, electricity, and key response personnel; design of chemical release mitigation systems that can withstand earthquake forces; land use planning to prevent citizens from living within high-risk areas; and seismic-resistant design and construction of tanks and piping containing hazardous materials.
Dissipative Compensators for Flexible Spacecraft Control

This paper addresses the problem of controller design for flexible spacecraft. Model-based compensators, which rely on the knowledge of the system parameters to "tune" the state estimator, are first considered. The instability mechanisms resulting from high sensitivity to parameter uncertainties are investigated. Dissipative controllers, which use collocated actuators and sensors, are next considered. Robustness properties of constant-gain dissipative controllers in the presence of unmodeled elastic-mode dynamics, sensor/actuator nonlinearities, and actuator dynamics are summarized. In order to improve the performance without sacrificing robustness, a class of dissipative dynamic compensators is proposed and is shown to retain robust stability in the presence of second-order actuator dynamics if acceleration feedback is employed. Finally, a class of dissipative dynamic controllers is proposed which consists of a low-authority, constant-gain controller and a high-authority dynamic compensator. A procedure for designing an optimal dissipative dynamic compensator is given, which minimizes a quadratic performance criterion. Such compensators offer the promise for better performance while still retaining robust stability.
Let Me Talk to My Manager: Haggling in a Competitive Environment

Although negotiating over prices with sellers is common in many markets such as automobiles, furniture, services, consumer electronics, etc., it is not clear how a haggling price policy can help a firm gain a strategic advantage or whether it is even sustainable in a competitive market. In this paper, we explore the implications of haggling and fixed prices as pricing policies in a competitive market. We develop a model in which two competing retailers choose between offering either a fixed price or haggling over prices with customers. There are two consumer segments in our analysis. One segment, thehagglers, has a lower opportunity cost of time and a lower haggling cost than the other segment, thenonhagglers. When both retailers follow the same pricing policy, then a haggling policy is more profitable than a fixed-price policy only when the proportion of nonhagglers is sufficiently high. We find two kinds of prisoners' dilemma: under some conditions, a more profitable haggling policy can be broken by a fixed-price policy, and under other conditions, a fixed-price policy can be broken by a haggling policy. Surprisingly, we show that under some conditions, an asymmetric outcome with one retailer haggling and the other offering a fixed price is also an equilibrium.
Tension-Compression Loading with Chemical Stimulation Results in Additive Increases to Functional Properties of Anatomic Meniscal Constructs

Objective This study aimed to improve the functional properties of anatomically-shaped meniscus constructs through simultaneous tension and compression mechanical stimulation in conjunction with chemical stimulation.
Identification of genes regulated by interleukin-1 in human decidual cells: Elucidating mechanisms of infection-mediated preterm birth

CELLS: ELUCIDATING MECHANISMS OF INFECTION-MEDIATED PRETERM BIRTH ASHLEY ROMAN, AMY STAGG, GREG DORSAINVILLE, PETER NATHANIELSZ, New York University, Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York, New York, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Antonio, Texas OBJECTIVE: IL-1b is a cytokine produced by human decidua and macrophages in response to microbial invasion and has been linked to the multiple processes leading to preterm labor and delivery. To date, the effect of IL-1b on the decidual cell transcriptome has not been studied (based on a MEDLINE search using keywords ‘‘interleukin-1’’ and ‘‘pregnancy’’). The objective of this study is to characterize the pattern of gene expression in response to IL-1b in cultured decidual cells. STUDY DESIGN: Decidua was obtained from placentas of non-laboring patients at term cesarean delivery (N=6) and cultured using standard cell culture technique. Cultures were exposed to IL-1b or vehicle for 12 hours; total RNA was harvested and prepared for microarray study. The decidual transcriptome was studied using Affymetrix hgu133plus2.0 microarrays. Expression was normalized, the average probe intensity scaled, and a detection p-value used to predict gene expression. Fold-changes were calculated from mean signals in the IL-1b group versus controls; a 2-fold change was considered significant. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed for array confirmation. Groups were compared using Student t-test; significance at p!0.05. RESULTS: The expression of over 47,000 transcripts was evaluated. 208 transcripts were significantly up-regulated; 38 were significantly down-regulated. We confirmed the up-regulation of 6 genes (VEGF, VCAM-1, mPGES, GCSF, IL-6, and phospholipase A2) with RT-PCR (p!0.05 in all cases). Specific ontologic pathways activated by IL-1b were cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, cell cycle, prostaglandin and leukotriene metabolism, glutamate metabolism, and phospholipid degradation. CONCLUSION: This first comprehensive assessment of the impact of IL-1b on gene expression in cultured decidual cells reveals significant differences in patterns of expression in multiple ontologic pathways. The genes and pathways identified may serve as potential therapeutic targets for preventing or arresting preterm labor.