cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Methods for Simplifying Dynamical Systems

When one thinks of simplifying dynamical systems, two approaches come to mind: one, reduce the dimensionality of the system and two, eliminate the nonlinearity. Two rigorous mathematical techniques that allow substantial progress along both lines of approach are center manifold theory and the method of normal forms. These techniques are the most important, generally applicable methods available in the local theory of dynamical systems, and they will form the foundation of our development of bifurcation theory in Chapter 3.
Chemical, Physical, and Biological Treatments

Low concentrations of alkalinity, nutrients, and dissolved oxygen and excessive turbidity are the most common water quality problems in aquaculture ponds. These problems usually can be remedied through use of liming materials, fertilizers, aeration, water circulation and exchange, phytoplankton management techniques, erosion control, sediment basins, and coagulants. Other water quality problems that may occur in ponds include high concentrations of toxic metabolites from aquatic animals and microorganisms, contamination of ponds with pest species or disease organisms, excessive concentrations of organic matter, low salinity or hardness, and adverse side effects of certain pond-management techniques. In addition, various products are used in ponds because they are thought to cause general improvements in water quality (Boyd 1995c).
Hidradenitis Suppurativa Management in the United States: An Analysis of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and MarketScan Medicaid Databases.

Purpose: To present nationally representative data demonstrating how frequently hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) occurs in specific groups and how it is currently managed. Methods: We analyzed data from the 1990-2009 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) and the 2003-2007 MarketScan Medicaid databases for patients with a diagnosis of HS (ICD-9-CM code 705.83). Visits per 100,000 population of each race and ethnicity were calculated using the 2000 US Census data for specific demographics. Results: There were 164,000 patient visits (95% CI: 128,000-200,000) annually with a diagnosis of HS in the NAMCS, and 17,270 HS patients were found in the MarketScan Medicaid over the 5-year period. Antibiotics were the most common treatment, followed by pain medications, topical steroids, and isotretinoin. Prescriptions of biologics and systemic methotrexate, cyclosporine, and acitretin were not observed in the NAMCS. Physicians prescribed medications in 74% of visits and used procedures in 11% of visits. African Americans, females, and young adults had higher numbers of visits for HS. Conclusions: Our data showing a maximum of 0.06% of the population being treated for HS in a given year are consistent with the low estimates of HS prevalence. Compared to the current prescribing patterns, the more frequent prescription of biologics and systemic treatments may yield better outcomes.
Hyperdiploid (47-50) acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children.

Among ploidy groups in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), hyperdiploidy 47 to 50 is perhaps the least well known. From December 1979 to December 1990, we successfully studied banded karyotypes in 598 cases of newly diagnosed ALL, of which 86 (14.4%) had modal chromosome numbers of 47 to 50. In this group, the most frequently acquired numerical abnormalities were +21 (n = 34), +X (18), +8 (8), and +10 (7). The chromosomal regions most often affected by structural abnormalities were 1q (n = 13), 6q (12), 12p (18), and 19p (9). Analysis of event-free survival (EFS) for Studies X and XI among patients with hyperdiploid (47 to 50) ALL showed no significant differences in outcome according to the presence (n = 36) or absence (n = 35) of chromosomal translocations (P = .81) or the gain of specific chromosomes (P = .40). Patients with hyperdiploid (47 to 50) ALL treated in a contemporary program of multiagent chemotherapy had a significantly better outcome than did those in an earlier study using less intensive therapy (4-year EFS = 75% [95% confidence interval, 55% to 86%] v 41% [22% to 59%]; P = .006 by the logrank test). Our findings indicate that the adverse prognosis previously attributed to hyperdiploidy 47 to 50 improves significantly with more effective chemotherapy.
Measuring Fault Tolerance with the FTAPE Fault Injection Tool

This paper describes FTAPE (Fault Tolerance And Performance Evaluator), a tool that can be used to compare fault-tolerant computers. The major parts of the tool include a system-wide fault injector, a workload generator, and a workload activity measurement tool. The workload creates high stress conditions on the machine. Using stress-based injection, the fault injector is able to utilize knowledge of the workload activity to ensure a high level of fault propagation. The errors/fault ratio, performance degradation, and number of system crashes are presented as measures of fault tolerance.
The r eproductive cycle of the thorny skate (Amblyraid radiata) in the western Gulf of Maine

Abstract— The thorny skate (Ambly-raja radiata) is a large species of skate that is endemic to the waters of the western north Atlantic in the Gulf of Maine. Because the biomass of thorny skates has recently declined below threshold levels mandated by the Sustainable Fisheries Act, com-mercial harvests from this region are prohibited. We have undertaken a comprehensive study to gain insight into the life history of this skate. The present study describes and characterizes the reproductive cycle of female and male thorny skates, based on monthly samples taken off the coast of New Hampshire, from May 2001 to May 2003. Gonadoso-matic index (GSI), shell gland weight, follicle size, and egg case formation, were assessed for 48 female skates. In general, these reproductive para-meters remained relatively constant throughout most of the year. However, transient but significant increases in shell gland weight and GSI were observed during certain months. Within the cohort of specimens sam-pled monthly throughout the year, a subset of females always had large preovulatory follicles present in their ovaries. With the exception of June and September specimens, egg cases undergoing various stages of develop-ment were observed in the uteri of specimens captured during all other months of the year. For males (n=48), histological stages III through VI (SIII−SVI) of spermatogenesis, GSI, and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were examined. Although there appeared to be monthly fluctuations in spermato-genesis, GSI, and HSI, no significant differences were found. The produc-tion and maintenance of mature sper-matocysts (SVI) within the testes was observed throughout the year. These findings collectively indicate that the thorny skate is reproductively active year round.
Phosphorylation of the Sae2 endonuclease promotes its solubility and activity in DNA repair (735.4)

The Sae2 protein is an endonuclease that is important for DNA double-strand break processing together with the Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 (MRX) complex in budding yeast. Sae2 is phosphorylated by cyclin-depe...
Phospholipid structure and thromboplastic activity. I. The phosphatide fraction active in recalcified normal human plasma.

Abstract 1. 1. Highly purified phospholipids and other compounds have been examined for their effect on acceleration of clotting of low platelet recalcified plasma with and without the addition of Russell viper venom. 2. 2. It has been observed that phosphatidic acid and phosphatidyl ethanolamine greatly accelerate the rate of clotting of recalcified low platelet plasma. 3. 3. Rigorous checks of purity including the examination of preparations for water-soluble as well as lipid impurities have shown that the activity observed is not attributable to the presence of impurities in the preparations tested. 4. 4. Phosphatides must contain unsaturated fatty acids to be highly active. 5. 5. The ability of a phosphatide to accelerate the coagulation rate appears to be associated with the formation of a finely dispersed colloidal particle with a negative charge on a phosphate group, and the presence of a proton-donor group.
Separate Oxidase and Reductase Reaction Sites on Cytochrome c Demonstrated with Purified Site-specific Antibodies

Two of the four antibody populations elicited in rabbits by human cytochrome c were isolated in relatively pure form. One is the antibody population which is present in considerable excess over the other three; it was found to block the reaction of human cytochrome c with bovine cytochrome c oxidase, one combining site blocking the oxidation of 1 molecule of cytochrome c. The reaction of cytochrome c with the succinate-cytochrome c reductase is not blocked by this antibody. The other antibody population which has been purified is that controlled by the presence of isoleucyl residue 58 in human cytochrome c, which is replaced by a threonine in the otherwise identical Macaca mulatta protein. This antibody does not block the reactions with either the cytochrome c oxidase or the cytochrome c reductase. Mixtures of Fab fragments derived from all four antibody populations block both enzymic reactions. Thus, separate areas on the surface of cytochrome c are involved in its interaction with the oxidase and reductase segments of the respiratory chain. Antibodies or Fab fragments bound at sites other than those which completely prevent the enzymic reactions cause decreases in rate, probably due to the increase in the size of the reactant from a molecular weight of 12,500 for free cytochrome c to 5 to about 13 times that much for different cytochrome c-Fab fragment or antibody complexes. In addition, in the presence of low molar ratios of unfractionated total Fab fragments to cytochrome c, increases in the rate constant for the oxidase reaction were observed. These may be due to the blockage by an antibody population of an area on the cytochrome c surface which would otherwise bind to the oxidase in a nonreactive combination. No such rate increases were detected in the reductase reaction, which followed simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics, contrary to the complex situation with the oxidase reaction.
An advanced graphics display capability for power system monitoring and control

Initial results are presented of a two-phase study which addresses the question: What new graphics facilities are needed and how should they be developed for use by future power system dispatchers? A major objective of this study is to identify those emerging visualization and interaction techniques that would provide the greatest benefit to the dispatcher in a future energy management system. This work will form the basis for future standardization of power system application software interfaces and will make use of both existing and emerging graphics, display management, and communication standards. >
The Influence of Priests on the Political Attitudes of Roman Catholics

For years, scholars in religion and politics have worked under the assumption that clergy wield significant political influence with their congregations. Until recently, however, this assumption had gone largely uninvestigated and undemonstrated. This article helps correct this shortcoming by analyzing the Notre Dame Study of Catholic Parish Life for evidence of priestly influence on the political attitudes of Catholic parishioners. Though the data indicate that Catholic priests do, indeed, appear to influence the political attitudes of their parishioners, the nature of this influence is more complex than previously demonstrated. Specifically, pastor ideology is the key predictor of both parishioners' issue positions and political ideology, and influence appears to be restricted to politically liberal pastors.
Energy transport in the near field of an electric dipole near a layer of material

We consider an oscillating electric dipole, embedded in a uniform medium with relative permittivity e1 and relative permeability μ1. The dipole is located near an interface with a layer with uniform material parameters e2 and μ2, and the second interface borders a uniform medium with parameters e3 and μ3. We have obtained the solutions for the electric and magnetic fields in the various regions, without any restrictions on the parameters and for any state of oscillation of the dipole (elliptical, in general). The solution involves a set of auxiliary functions, which are given as integral representations containing the Fresnel coefficients for plane waves. With this solution, the field lines of energy flow can be obtained, and we have considered the flow pattern for the simple case of a dipole oscillating perpendicular to the interface. When the material of the layer is optically thicker than the embedding medium of the dipole, energy flows more or less along straight lines. At an interface, the field line...
A tribute to Dr. Rudolf Henning, friend, colleague, mentor, doer and giver

Summary form only given. Rudolf “Rudy” Henning was born in Germany in 1923 and came to the United States in 1939. He served in the U.S. Army Signal Core under General Patton from 1944-1946. He earned his MS and D. of Eng Sci in electrical engineering. In 1957, Dr. Henning came to Pinellas as Chief Engineer of Sperry Microwave Electronics Division in Oldsmar and USF as Associate Dean of the College of Engineering in 1972. He was a member of Tau Beta Pi and Sigma Xi, a Fellow with IEEE and a recipient of the National Science Foundation Presidential Recognition Award from President George W. Bush in 2004.
Do Psychiatric Comorbidities Influence Inpatient Death, Adverse Events, and Discharge After Lower Extremity Fractures?

Background Psychiatric comorbidity is known to contribute to illness (the state of feeling unwell/unable to rely on one’s body) and increased use of healthcare resources, but the effect on inpatient outcomes in fracture care is relatively unexplored.
Designed Disulfide between N-terminal Domains of Lactose Repressor Disrupts Allosteric Linkage

Substitution of Cys for Val at position 52 of the lac repressor was designed to permit disulfide bond formation between the two N-terminal DNA binding domains that comprise an operator DNA binding site. This position marks the closest approach of these domains based on the x-ray crystallographic structures of the homologous purine holorepressor-operator complex and lac repressor-operator complex (Schumacher, M. A., Choi, K. Y., Zalkin, H., and Brennan, R. G. (1994) Science 266, 763-770; Lewis, M., Chang, G., Horton, N.C., Kercher, M. A., Pace, H. C., Schumacher, M. A., Brennan, R. G., and Lu, P. (1996) Science 271, 1247-1254). The V52C mutation was generated by site-specific methods, and the mutant protein was purified and characterized. In the reduced form, V52C bound operator DNA with slightly increased affinity. Exposure to oxidizing conditions resulted in disulfide bond formation, and the oxidized protein bound operator DNA with approximately 6-fold higher affinity than wild-type protein. Inducer binding for both oxidized and reduced forms of V52C was comparable to wild-type lac repressor. In the presence of inducer, the reduced protein exhibited wild-type, diminished DNA binding. In contrast, DNA binding for the oxidized form was unaffected by inducer, even at 1 mM. Thus, the formation of the designed disulfide between Cys52 side chains within each dimer renders the protein-operator complex unresponsive to sugar binding, presumably by disrupting the allosteric linkage between operator and inducer binding.
Associative matching and cumulative proactive inhibition

On each of 4 successive days, the S learned a different paired-associate list. Twenty-four hours after learning each list, retention was measured by an associative-matching test in which stimulus and response terms were provided. Associative-matching performance did not differ across the four lists, i.e., there was no cumulative proactive inhibition.
Dichogamy in angiosperms

We obtained information on dichogamy and other aspects of the biology of over 4200 species of angiosperms from several hundred published and unpublished sources. We used this information to describe patterns of occurrence of dichogamy and to test specific hypotheses relating dichogamy to other characteristics of plants or their environments. Protandry was more common than protogyny at the intrafloral level, but the reverse was true at the interfloral level. Patterns of dichogamy varied significantly among major taxa, with protogyny more common among monocotyledons and primitive dicotyledons, and protandry expecially common in the Asteridae. Arctic species tended to be less dichogamous and more protogynous than temperate and tropical species. Aquatic and alpine species were especially protogynous. Patterns of dichogamy varied among sexual systems, with gynomonoecious and gynodioecious species especially protandrous, and monoecious species highly protogynous. Autogamous and self-compatible species were disproportionately protogynous. Flowers of intraflorally dichogamous species were slightly larger than those of adichogamous species, owing to the presence of many autogamous species in the latter group. Species with interfloral protogyny bore much smaller flowers than did species with interfloral protandry. Early-blooming species in north-temperate and polar regions were disproportionately protogynous. Sexual structures that abscised, shriveled or moved after completion of their function tended to be presented first, and those that facilitated the other sexual function were presented second. A negative association existed between type of intrafloral and interfloral dichogamy in diclinous species. Most animal-pollinated flowers were protandrous, except beetle-pollinated and refuge and trap blossoms. Wind pollination was markedly associated with protogyny. Vertical inflorescences visited by upwardly-moving vectors were protandrous. Our results suggest that three primary factors may be involved in promoting dichogamy: selection for avoidance of pollen-pistil interference, selection for avoidance of self-fertilization, and selection for synchrony of pollen discharge and stigma receptivity in the different flower types of diclinous species. In contrast to many earlier workers we reject the thesis that avoidance of self-fertilization is the universal or even the most important force in the evolution of most forms of dichogamy. We attribute the prevalence of intrafloral protandry to selection for avoiding interference between pollen export and pollen receipt. Intrafloral protogyny was associated with imprecise pollen transfer, where other means of avoiding pollen-pistil interference (e.g., herkogamy) are likely to be of limited value. The prevalence of interfloral protogyny seems to reflect the smaller size of unisexual flowers than bisexual flowers, the absence of intrafloral pollen-pistil interference in diclinous species, and selection for synchrony of pollen discharge from one flower type with stigma receptivity in the other.
How to manage refractory GERD

Medical therapy for GERD has improved remarkably since the introduction of PPIs; however, despite twice-daily dosing of PPIs, reflux symptoms can persist, new symptoms can occur or be unmasked, and esophagitis can fail to heal. Management of such 'refractory' GERD can be a challenge. The author of this Review considers the diagnostic approach to refractory GERD and the diagnoses that are possible. Patients who are unresponsive to 4–8 weeks' treatment with PPIs twice daily might have so-called refractory GERD. The first investigation these patients should undergo is upper endoscopy to exclude a diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease or cancer and identify the presence of esophagitis. The presence of esophagitis in these patients is suggestive of a pill-induced injury, an autoimmune skin disease involving the esophagus, eosinophilic esophagitis or, less likely, a hypersecretory syndrome or a genotype that confers altered metabolism of PPIs. Refractory reflux syndromes associated with normal endoscopy findings are more problematic to diagnose and further testing may be required, including prolonged 48 h pH testing, impedance measurements (for nonacid reflux), esophageal manometry and gastric function tests. For patients with refractory GERD who do not have esophagitis, possible etiologies include nocturnal gastric acid breakthrough, nonacid GER, missed GER or other diseases such as achalasia, gastroparesis or functional heartburn.
Topological dark matter in little Higgs models

We show that certain little Higgs models with symmetry breaking SU(N){yields}SO(N) for N{>=}4 admit topologically stable solitons that may contribute to cosmological dark matter. We have constructed a spherically symmetric soliton and estimated its mass in the case of SU(5){yields}SO(5). Its mass is estimated to be around 10.3 TeV. Whether this particle is a fermion or a boson depends on the value of an integer-valued parameter of the underlying theory, analogous to the number of colors of QCD. In either case, the particle is neutral. If it is a fermion, it is a Majorana particle, which could take part in a seesaw mechanism for neutrino masses.
High school mathematics teachers’ perspectives on the purposes of mathematical proof in school mathematics

Proof serves many purposes in mathematics. In this qualitative study of 17 high school mathematics teachers, we found that these teachers perceived that two of the most important purposes for proof in school mathematics were (a) to enhance students’ mathematical understanding and (b) to develop generalized thinking skills that were transferable to other fields of endeavor. We found teachers were divided on the characteristics (or features) of proofs that would serve these purposes. Teachers with less experience tended to believe that proofs in the high school should adhere to strict standards of language and reasoning while teachers with more experience tended to believe that proofs based on concrete or visual features were well suited for high school mathematics. This study has implications for teacher preparation because it appears that there is a wide variation in how teachers think about proof. It seems likely that students would experience proof very differently merely because they were seated in different classrooms.
Limiting efficiencies of tandem solar cells for III-V nanowire arrays on silicon substrates

We use electromagnetic simulations and detailed balance analysis to calculate limiting efficiencies of tandem solar cells consisting of III-V nanowires on silicon. We optimize the nanowire structural parameters and provide general design guidelines.
The real effects of public investment on private investment

One of the main policy questions that emanated from the macro rational expectations literature, and the focus of many empirical studies, is whether expected government policy has an effect on real output (and/or whether unanticipated government policy has a permanent effect on real output). Many of the empirical studies have examined this question directly by testing whether a statistically significant relationship exists between real output or employment and some form of an aggregate demand policy variable. The conflicting results of these studies fail to either validate of refute the neutrality proposition. A shortcoming of these empirical studies arises because government spending is viewed merely as an additive component of aggregate demand and is, therefore, modelled on the demand side only. If, however, the productivity of private investment is correlated with aggregate demand policy, there will exist supply side effects, also. Another approach to determine any effects of public capital on private c...
Particulate matter inhibits DNA repair and enhances mutagenesis.

Abstract Exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with adverse health effects including lung cancer. A recent epidemiology study has established that each 10 μg/m3 elevation in long-term exposure to average PM2.5 ambient concentration was associated with approximately 8% of lung cancer mortality. The underlying mechanisms of how PM contributes to lung carcinogenesis, however, remain to be elucidated. We have recently found that transition metals such as nickel and chromium and oxidative stress induced lipid peroxidation metabolites such as aldehydes can greatly inhibit nucleotide excision repair (NER) and enhance carcinogen-induced mutations. Because PM is rich in metal and aldehyde content and can induce oxidative stress, we tested the effect of PM on DNA repair capacity in cultured human lung cells using in vitro DNA repair synthesis and host cell reactivation assays. We found that PM greatly inhibits NER for ultraviolet (UV) light and benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE) induced DNA damage in human lung cells. We further demonstrated that PM exposure can significantly increase both spontaneous and UV-induced mutagenesis. These results together suggest that the carcinogenicity of PM may act through its combined effect on suppression of DNA repair and enhancement of DNA replication errors.
Sequelae of lateral ovarian transposition in irradiated cervical cancer patients.

Abstract Lateral ovarian transposition (LOT) is a useful technique for preserving ovarian function in "high-risk" premenopausal Stage I cervix cancer patients who undergo hysterectomy and subsequent postoperative whole pelvic radiation therapy. From 1978 to 1988, 38 FIGO Stage I cervical cancer patients underwent LOT as part of their initial operative procedure and 14 of these patients (37%) subsequently received pelvic radiation therapy (LOT + RT) because of pathological findings such as metastatic pelvic lymph node involvement or positive surgical margins(13 patients) or recurrent disease (1 patient). Ten (71%) of the 14 (LOT + RT) patients have maintained ovarian function with a median follow-up of 35 months. Preservation of ovarian function was directly related to the estimated scatter dose to the ovaries. For patients whose estimated ovarian dose was 300 cGy or less, only 1 of 9 patients (11%) underwent menopause, whereas 3 of 5 patients (60%) became menopausal if the ovarian dose was more than 300 cGy. The placement of the ovaries was also crucial for preservation of ovarian function, with 100% of the patients developing menopause if the ovaries were placed below the iliac crest. A major side effect of LOT was the development of symptomatic ovarian cysts in 7 (18%) of the 38 Stage I patients who underwent LOT. In the 24 patients who underwent LOT alone without RT, the incidence of symptomatic ovarian cysts was 25% compared to only 7% of the patients who underwent LOT + RT, although this difference was not statistically significant ( p = .18).
Towards efficient and fair resource trading in community-based cloud computing

In this paper, we investigate the resource trading problem in a community-based cloud computing setting where multiple tenants communicate in a peer-to-peer (P2P) fashion. Enabling resource trading in a community cloud unleashes the untapped cloud resources, thus presents a flexible solution for managing resource allocation. However, finding an efficient and fair resource allocation is challenging mainly due to the heterogeneity of tenants. Our work first develops a market-oriented model to support resource negotiation and trading. Based on this model, we adopt a multiagent-based technique that allows a group of autonomous tenants to reach an efficient and fair resource allocation. Further, when budget constraint presents, we propose a directed hypergraph model to facilitate resource trading amongst heterogeneous tenants. We analyze the application of the directed hypergraph model to trading decision making, and design a series of heuristic-based resource trading protocols for both budget-unaware and budget-aware scenarios. The performances of the proposed protocols are validated through simulations. The results are in tune with the theoretical analysis and provide insights into practical application issues. We create a distributed market-oriented framework for cloud resource trading.We propose a multiagent technique for budget-free optimal resource allocation.We propose a new directed hypergraph model for budget-limited resource trading.We develop effective heuristic-based protocols for budget-limited resource trading.
Automatic parallel I/O performance optimization in Panda

Parallel I/O systems typically consist of individual processors, communication networks, and a large number of disks. Managing and utilizing these resources to meet performance, portability and usability goals of applications has become a significant challenge. Several parallel I/O system performance studies indicate that many factors, such as communication strategies used, the file system policies chosen, and the data storage layouts used, can affect the performance of a parallel I/O system. Without careful tuning of the performance knobs of the parallel I/O system for a target I/O workload in a target execution environment, problems such as load-imbalance and a communication bottleneck can occur, resulting in significant performance degradation and poor performance robustness; yet hand-tuning of the parallel I/O performance knobs for an anticipated I/O workload with a mix of different I/O patterns can be extremely difficult due to the complex interaction among different system modules and various tradeoffs among different performance knobs. We call these performance knobs ``the performance parameters'''' of the parallel I/O system in this thesis. This thesis presents an automatic parallel I/O performance optimization approach, a model-based approach under which the details of selecting appropriate I/O parameter settings for a given situation are handled internally by the optimization engine in the parallel I/O system without human intervention. To validate our hypothesis, we have built an optimizer that combines a rule-based approach with search algorithms such as simulated annealing to select optimal I/O parameter settings for a target I/O request sequence in a target execution environment in Panda, a parallel I/O library for collective I/O of multidimensional arrays. Our performance results obtained from two IBM SPs with significantly different configurations show that the Panda optimizer is able to select high-quality I/O parameter settings and deliver high performance under a variety of system configurations with a small optimization overhead. Our model-based automatic performance optimization approach includes two phases: first, when the optimization is invoked, the optimization engine is provided with a high level description of the target application I/O requests and the target platform characteristics. These descriptions tell the optimization engine what needs to be optimized (not how to optimize it). The workload characteristics include information such as the number and types of I/O requests issued and the sizes of the requests. The platform characteristics include the information such as the disk and processor speeds and file system bandwidth, etc. In the second phase, the optimization engine digests the description and selects a set of optimal I/O parameter settings using a performance model for the parallel I/O system and a set of optimization algorithms. The performance model is used to predict the system performance for dif
Gitterenergien vom thermodynamischen Standpunkt aus

Es wird die elektrostatische Gleichung fur Gitterenergie besprochen und auf einige Beschrankungen hingedeutet. Wenn das Repulsionsglied vermittelst Kompressibilitaten bei gewohnlicher Temperatur gewonnen wird, erhalt man wegen der Vernachlassigung des thermischen Druckes zu kleine Abstosungs-exponenten. Bei Anwendung einer thermodynamischen Zustandsgieichung kann man aus elastischen Eigenschaften bei gewohnlicher Temperatur die Energie berechnen und die unsichere Extrapolation auf 0° K umgehen. Die so erhaltenen Abstosungsexponenten fur sechs Alkalihaloide liegen zwischen 11 und 12. Der Exponent fur NaCl zeigt sich uber den zuganglichen Volumenbereich als praktisch konstant. Die neu berechnete Gitterenergie des KJ stimmt innerhalb 1,5% mit der von Mayer auf ganz anderem Wege ermittelten Energie uber-ein. Fur eine Verfeinerung der Theorie ist auf die Wichtigkeit direkter Bestimmung des Koeffizienten (∂p/∂T)v uber einen weiten Bereich hingedeutet.
Suspended matter in the Colorado River, 1925–1935

The rugged topography of a great part of the Colorado River Basin is a significant factor in determining the quantity of water and suspended matter carried by the River. The mountainous regions of Colorado and Wyoming contribute a large part of the flow of the River, whereas the central part of the Basin, cut by deep gorges and canyons, contributes a large part of the suspended matter carried by the River. The discharge of the Colorado River as measured near Cisco, Utah, with a drainage-area of 24,100 square miles is slightly greater than the discharge of the largest tributary, the Green River, measured near Greenriver, Utah, with a drainage-area of 40,600 square miles. The Green, however, carries a considerably larger load of suspended matter. Two other tributaries, the San Juan and Little Colorado rivers, each with a drainage-area of about 25,000 square miles, carry large loads of suspended matter in proportion to their discharge. For example, the Little Colorado River in the summer of 1931 contributed less than 10 per cent of the flow of the main river at Grand Canyon, but the Little Colorado carried about 10,000,000 tons of suspended matter during this period and the main river had about 25,000,000 tons for the same period.
X-ray absorption studies of drying of cementitious tile adhesive mortars

Abstract X-ray absorption measurements have been applied to studying film formation at the exposed surface during the drying of cementitious tile adhesive mortars as a function of ingredients and mixture proportions. Preliminary observations suggested that in addition to a drying front, concurrently, a densification front is observed proceeding from the exterior of the specimens inward. Due to the extremely high viscosity of the pore “solution” in these mortars, an analysis based on Stokes equation actually suggests that some of the smaller cement particles will be “carried” along with the drying pore solution to the top surface of the specimen where they are sequentially deposited. To verify this hypothesis, further experiments were conducted using either a coarse cement or a fine limestone as a total replacement for the commonly used cement. The X-ray absorption results are further supported by concurrent mass loss measurements on equivalent specimens for each experiment and by particle size distribution analysis of the final dried limestone/silica sand system as a function of depth.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF FEMALE LOWER URINARY TRACT DYSFUNCTION

For many years, clinical, epidemiologic, and basic research has been performed in an attempt to determine the cause of urinary incontinence and the pathophysiology of associated lower urinary tract dysfunction. Although the body of knowledge has grown significantly in the last 2 decades, it is becoming increasingly apparent that urinary incontinence is not a simple isolated disorder of the lower urinary tract but rather a complex multifactorial condition with numerous causes.
PATTERNS OF HORSE DEVOLUTION AND TRACTOR DIFFUSION IN ILLINOIS, 1920–1982*

The concern is to extend certain diffusion concepts to devolution. In this example, tractors replaced horses because tractors had advantages over horses. Logistic curves depict well the temporal rate of tractor acceptance and of horse abandonment. Although differing somewhat in time, the spatial patterns of adoption and abandonment are similar. They centered early in east central Illinois, a prosperous agricultural core, and spread outward. Laggard counties as well as persister ones were mainly in southern Illinois, a peripheral area with a relatively impoverished agriculture. Influences on the patterns include farm value, size, and type and land quality.
Equilibration and Metabolism of Ethanol in the Goldfish

FISH have recently been used in alcohol research1–6 and this communication provides information about the metabolism and equilibration of alcohol by goldfish and draws attention to the possibility of using fish, especially goldfish, in alcohol research.
Mucous membrane manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Abstract Since 1981, a syndrome of acquired immunodeficiency characterized by the development of severe, life-threatening opportunistic infections or unusual malignancies has evolved. 1–3 Acquired immunoeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is currently defined as the presence of a disease predictive of cellular immunodeficiency in patients with no known causes for diminished resistance to that disease. 4 AIDS occurs primarily in homosexuals, intravenous drug abusers, hemophiliacs, and recipients of blood transfusions. 5 At present, the weight of evidence points to the human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-III) as the etioogic agent of AIDS. This virus is capable of infecting and depleting lymphoid cells. 5 The laboratory and clinical abnormalities in patients with AIDS are protean. Common clinical manifestations of AIDS include fever of unknown origin, weight loss, and fatigue; diffuse pneumonia; diarrhea; and neurologic disorders and retinitis. Patients may exhibit marked immunologic abnormalities: anergy to skin-test antigens, lymphopenia, decreased lymphoproliferative response to mitogens, and a decreased T-lymphocyte helper-to-suppressor ratio. As a consequence, bizarre, more frequent opportunistic infections, more severe manifestations of more common types of infections, and the occurrence of unusual neoplasms have been described in these patients. These include pneumocystis, cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis, candidiasis, cryptococcosis, and mycobacterial, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, and polyoma virus infections. Kaposi's sarcoma and undifferentiated lymphomas have also supervened in the setting of AIDS immunosuppression. In patients with AIDS, opportunistic infections or malignancies may involve almost every organ system. With a new-case rate of approximately two to three cases per day, a case fatality ratio of about 50%, and a Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimation that between 1 and 2 million Americans may currently be HTLV-III antibody carriers, the individual and public health importance of AIDS need not be emphasized. Earlier diagnosis of AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC) may have profound individual and epidemiologic ramifications. The oral, anal, and genital mucosa are common initial sites of presentation for AIDS-associated diseases. In fact, mucosal disease may provide the first clue to the presence of underlying immunodeficiency. Although a number of the conditions affecting the mucosa of AIDS victims are covered elsewhere in this volume, it was felt that a separate chapter specifically devoted to reviewing the most common mucosal lesions associated with AIDS would be particularly useful to the clinician.
Material and geometric nonlinear dynamic analysis of steel frames using computer graphics

Abstract A promising analytical model for nonlinear dynamic analysis of steel frames is described. This approach is based on an updated Lagrangian formulation in conjunction with force-space, concentrated plasticity. Kinematic strain hardening behavior is modelled by the bounding-surface concept. The analysis is implemented in a highly interactive, adaptive fashion using computer graphics and a super-minicomputer. Several examples illustrate the effectiveness of the analysis strategy described.
Global-scale intraseasonal and annual variation of divergent water-vapor flux

The global-scale intraseasonal and annual variations of divergent water-vapor transport and water vapor itself were examined by using outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and data for 1979–1986 produced by the Global Data Assimilation System of the National Meteorological Center. An effort was also made to contrast results of this study with previous analyses of OLR and upper-level divergent circulation. As for intraseasonal oscillation, positive (negative) precipitable-water (W) anomalies and negative (positive) OLR couple with the convergent (divergent) center of the potential function of water vapor transport (χℂ) anomalies and the divergent (convergent) center of upper-level divergent-circulation anomalies. It is inferred that the eastward-propagating divergent circulation of intraseasonal oscillation converges water vapor to maintain cumulus convection, which releases latent heat, possibly to support this low-frequency oscillation. Fluctuations of W and cumulus convection associated with this oscillation are large over the equatorial Indian Ocean and the equatorial western Pacific, but small over the tropical Americas and equatorial Africa. Moreover, during northern summer, W anomaly bands migrate regularly northward, following the low-level transient 30–50 day monsoon troughs and ridges over the northern Indian Ocean. To the south of the equator, a regular southward propagation of W anomaly bands is identified in both northern summer and winter. In contrast; over the northwestern Pacific, a signature depicting the north-south intraseasonal oscillation of the north Pacific Convergence Zone can be inferred by W anomalies. The annual cycle components of W and cumulus convection inferred from OLR anomalies exhibit three pairs of maximum-minimum centers over tropical continents. These centers correspond to those of χℚ and upper-level divergent circulation anomalies. It is shown that landmass cooling in the winter hemisphere and landmass warming in the summer hemisphere establish a pair of upper-level convergent-divergent centers over each tropical continent. Water vapor is converged (diverged) by divergent circulation, in order to maintain maximum (minimum) centers of W and cumulusconvection anomalies over each tropical continent.
Serological Assays Based on Recombinant Viral Proteins for the Diagnosis of Arenavirus Hemorrhagic Fevers

The family Arenaviridae, genus Arenavirus, consists of two phylogenetically independent groups: Old World (OW) and New World (NW) complexes. The Lassa and Lujo viruses in the OW complex and the Guanarito, Junin, Machupo, Sabia, and Chapare viruses in the NW complex cause viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) in humans, leading to serious public health concerns. These viruses are also considered potential bioterrorism agents. Therefore, it is of great importance to detect these pathogens rapidly and specifically in order to minimize the risk and scale of arenavirus outbreaks. However, these arenaviruses are classified as BSL-4 pathogens, thus making it difficult to develop diagnostic techniques for these virus infections in institutes without BSL-4 facilities. To overcome these difficulties, antibody detection systems in the form of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an indirect immunofluorescence assay were developed using recombinant nucleoproteins (rNPs) derived from these viruses. Furthermore, several antigen-detection assays were developed. For example, novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the rNPs of Lassa and Junin viruses were generated. Sandwich antigen-capture (Ag-capture) ELISAs using these mAbs as capture antibodies were developed and confirmed to be sensitive and specific for detecting the respective arenavirus NPs. These rNP-based assays were proposed to be useful not only for an etiological diagnosis of VHFs, but also for seroepidemiological studies on VHFs. We recently developed arenavirus neutralization assays using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based pseudotypes bearing arenavirus recombinant glycoproteins. The goal of this article is to review the recent advances in developing laboratory diagnostic assays based on recombinant viral proteins for the diagnosis of VHFs and epidemiological studies on the VHFs caused by arenaviruses.
Activation of chemical promutagens by Selenastrum capricornutum in the plant cell/microbe coincubation assay.

The critical balance of organisms living in aquatic environments is influenced by the presence and relationship of plants to those environments. However, even though plants occupy a fundamental trophic level within aquatic ecosystems, few studies have focused upon the effect of xenobiotics on aquatic plants, and even fewer studies have dealt with xenobiotic metabolism by aquatic plants. It is well established that plants can metabolize chemicals into mutagens. The impact of these unique plant-activated chemical mutagens on ecosystems, food chains and, ultimately, human health is an important question that will require intensive and integrative investigation. The plant cell/microbe coincubation assay is particularly advantageous for use with unicellular algae. The conditions of this assay are such that chemical metabolism and subsequent mutagen detection can be followed in intact algal cells under simulated field conditions. The purpose of this research was to demonstrate that a unicellular algal species could be used effectively in the plant cell/microbe coincubation assay to activate model chemical mutagens.
An Evaluative Calculus Project: Applying Bloom's Taxonomy to the Calculus Classroom

Abstract In education theory, Bloom's taxonomy is a well-known paradigm to describe domains of learning and levels of competency. In this article I propose a calculus capstone project that is meant to utilize the sixth and arguably the highest level in the cognitive domain, according to Bloom et al.: evaluation. Although one may assume that mathematics is a value-free discipline, and thus the mathematics classroom should be exempt from focusing on the evaluative aspect of higher-level cognitive processing, I surmise that we as mathematics instructors should consider incorporating such components into our courses. The article also includes a brief summary of my observations and a discussion of my experience during the Fall 2008 semester, when I used the project described here in my Calculus I course.
Intrachip and spatial parametric integrity an important part of IC process characterization

This work demonstrates the power and use of closely spaced nominally identical test devices as I.C. Process characterization tools.
Mixed initial-boundary value problems for hyperbolic equations with constant coefficients

We shall investigate the well-posedness and regularity of mixed initialboundary value problems for constant-coefficient strictly hyperbolic equations in a quarter space (MIBVP). The interface is a smooth compact manifold which divides the flat boundary into two regions. In this paper existence and uniqueness theorems are proved for a large class of such problems for hyperbolic equations of arbitrary order. These are based on the study of a new class of pseudo-differential operators ($.o.) which could naturally be called hyperbolic pseudo-d&f erential operators. A second paper will contain results on regularity for this class of problems, and it will give an asymptotic expansion of the trace of the solution near the interface. An example of a MIBVP is the wave equation with mixed DirichletNeumann boundary conditions. In three spatial dimensions it is given by the equations
Predictive validity of the medical Specialty preference inventory.

The medical specialty preference inventory (MSPI) was developed to provide information about specialty preferences to medical students facing the question of specialty choice prior to their entry into graduate medical education. The predictive validity of the MSPI was tested using the six MSPI specialty preference scores of each of 385 students from five U.S. medical schools to predict a specialty. The first-year graduate programme the student obtained was used as the criterion measure for determining accuracy of the prediction. A prediction was made for one of the six specialties for which preference scores are provided on the MSPI. Of the 385 predictions, 198 (51%) were accurate. Compared to a conservative chance expectancy level of 17% (1 out of 6) accuracy, the 51% accuracy level indicates that the MSPI has substantial predictive validity. Considerable variation existed among the five schools on a number of variables.