cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of Appropriate Surveillance for Patients With Nondysplastic Barrett's Esophagus

Background & Aims Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Guidelines recommend that patients with nondysplastic BE (NDBE) undergo surveillance endoscopy every 3–5 years. We aimed to identify factors associated with surveillance endoscopy of patients with NDBE and identify trends in appropriate surveillance endoscopy of NDBE at a large tertiary care center. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of data from a Barrett's Esophagus Registry, identifying patients with NDBE who underwent endoscopy in 2002 or later. We identified patients with NDBE and collected data on length of BE segment, esophageal lesions, demographic features, medications, histology findings, comorbidities, development of EAC, and dates of follow-up endoscopies. We defined appropriate surveillance as 3–5 years between 2nd and 3rd endoscopies, over-utilizers as patients who had less than 3 years between their 2nd and 3rd endoscopies, under-utilizers as patients who had more than 5 years between their 2nd and 3rd endoscopies; and never-surveilled as patients who never received a 2nd endoscopy. The primary outcomes were effects of patient factors, year, and referring providers on appropriateness of surveillance intervals. Results We identified 477 patients with NDBE. Only 15.9% had appropriate surveillance; 37.9% were over-utilizers 15.7% were under-utilizers and 30.4% were never surveilled. Patients were less likely to be over-surveilled if their primary care physician referred them for their 3rd endoscopy instead of a gastroenterologist (adjusted odds ratio, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.27–0.95). Male patients or those with an increased number of comorbidities were more likely to be under-surveilled or never-surveilled, whereas patients with long BE segment were more likely to be over-surveilled. Conclusions In a retrospective analysis of data from a registry of patients with BE, we found that less than 16% receive appropriate surveillance for NDBE. A primary care provider in the same health system as the endoscopy clinic reduced risk of over-surveillance. This could reflect better coordination of care between specialists and primary care providers.
Optimizing energy in a DRAM based hybrid cache

The die-stacking DRAM cache can be used to increase bandwidth and reduce latency compared with conventional DRAM memory. However, energy becomes an inevitable challenge with the increasing size of DRAM cache. STT-RAM with near-zero leakage can be integrated with DRAM cache as a hybrid cache to reduce static energy, but the high write energy of STT-RAM brings another energy challenge. In this paper, we propose a tri-regional hybrid cache that can exploit the advantage of both DRAM and STT-RAM technologies. The asymmetric data access policy is introduced based on the non-uniform read/write property of the different hybrid cache regions. We also propose a prediction table that can reduce the searching energy of the hybrid cache. The results show that our hybrid cache reduces energy by 26% and improves performance by 11% on average compared with previous work.
Analysis on Problems During GOOSE Technology Application in Substation

GOOSE is a fast message transmission service defined in IEC 61850. It is very important for the inter-operability of IEDs. This paper analyzes the influence on the design and commissioning of substation automation system when GOOSE model is applied. Several problems of GOOSE application are discussed and the solutions of them are proposed. All of this are consultive for the GOOSE that will be applied widely in smart stations.
Inhibition of Connexin Hemichannels by New Amphiphilic Aminoglycosides without Antibiotic Activity

Connexins hemichannels (HCs) from adjacent cells form gap junctional channels that mediate cell-to-cell communication. Abnormal opening of "free" undocked HCs can produce cell damage and participate in the mechanism of disorders such as cardiac infarct, stroke, deafness, skin diseases, and cataracts. Therefore, inhibitors of connexin HCs have great pharmacological potential. Antibiotic aminoglycosides (AGs) have been recently identified as connexin HC inhibitors, but their antibiotic effect is an issue for the treatment of disorders where infections do not play a role. Herein, we synthesized and tested several amphiphilic AGs without antibiotic effect for their inhibition against connexin HCs, using a newly developed cell-based bacterial growth complementation assay. Several leads with superior potency than the parent compound, kanamycin A, were identified. Unlike traditional AGs, these amphiphilic AGs are not bactericidal and are not toxic to mammalian cells, making them better than traditional AGs as HC inhibitors for clinical use and other applications.
Thomas A. Sebeok’s Doctrine of Signs

This being a very personal reckoning, I would like to seize this occasion to publicly avow my good fortune at having first encountered semiotic notions in a University of Chicago seminar of Morris’ in the early 1940s—precisely midway, that is, between his Foundations of the Theory of Signs (1938) and Signs, Language, and Behavior (1946). 1 have thus had the singular, and very likely unique, privilege of having studied both with Morris and, not long afterwards, Jakobson, the two having cross-pollinated in the intervening years. (Sebeok, 1976: 155) Thomas A. Sebeok was born in Budapest in 1920, and arrived in the United States in 1937, where he first studied at the University of Chicago (B.A. 1941), with Charles Morris as his most important professor. He then attended Princeton University (M.A. 1943; Ph.D. 1945), where Roman Jakobson in particular, from his base in New York, exercised a great influence on him. Since 1943, Sebeok has taught linguistics, anthropology, and semiotics at Indiana University in Bloomington, where he also directs the Research Center for Language and Semiotic Studies. In 1975 he was president of the Linguistic Society of America. From 1976 to 1980 he was Executive Director of the Semiotic Society of America, whose founding and rapid growth can largely be attributed to his initiative and expertise, and in 1984 he served as its president.
Development of a Novel FIJI-Based Method to Investigate Neuronal Circuitry in Neonatal Mice.

The emergence of systems neuroscience tools requires parallel generation of objective analytical workflows for experimental neuropathology. We developed an objective analytical workflow that we used to determine how specific autonomic neural lineages change during postnatal development. While a wealth of knowledge exists regarding postnatal alterations in respiratory neural function, how these neural circuits change and develop in the weeks following birth remains less clear. In this study, we developed our workflow by combining genetic mouse modeling and quantitative immunofluorescent confocal microscopy and used this to examine the postnatal development of neural circuits derived from the transcription factors NKX2.2 and OLIG3 into three medullary respiratory nuclei. Our automated FIJI-based image analysis workflow rapidly and objectively quantified synaptic puncta in user-defined anatomic regions. Using our objective workflow, we found that the density and estimated total number of Nkx2.2-derived afferents into the pre-Botzinger Complex significantly decreased with postnatal age during the first three weeks of postnatal life. These data indicate that Nkx2.2-derived structures differentially influence pre-Botzinger Complex respiratory oscillations at different stages of postnatal development.
Who Polices the Administrative State

Scholarship on oversight of the bureaucracy typically conceives of legislatures as unitary actors. But most oversight is conducted by individual legislators who contact agencies directly. I acquire the correspondence logs of 16 bureaucratic agencies and re-evaluate the conventional proposition that ideological disagreement drives oversight. I identify the effect of this disagreement by exploiting the transition from George Bush to Barack Obama, which shifted the ideological orientation of agencies through turnover in agency personnel. Contrary to existing research, I find ideological conflict has a negligible effect on oversight, whereas committee roles and narrow district interests are primary drivers. The findings may indicate that absent incentives induced by public auditing, legislator behavior is driven by policy valence concerns rather than ideology. The results further suggest collective action in Congress may pose greater obstacles to bureaucratic oversight than previously thought.
Compaction self-assembly of ultralow-binder-content particulate composites

Abstract We developed the technique of compaction self-assembly (CSA), through which ultralow-binder-content (UBC) particulate composites were produced, with the binder content (c) in the range from 2 to 8 wt%. In CSA, a high pressure is applied on premixed binder and filler, so that the material is densified and the binder is self-assembled into polymer micro-agglomerations (PMA) at critical load-carrying locations. Such a microstructure minimizes the system redundancy. When the filler is sand and the binder is a regular epoxy, the flexural strength of the UBC composite (∼25 MPa) is nearly two times higher than that of typical steel-reinforced concrete; the compressive strength (>50 MPa) is comparable with that of typical high-strength concrete. The CSA technology may find important applications for advanced pharmaceutical manufacturing, green cement, energy storage materials, among others.
Multistage Compute-and-Forward with Multilevel Lattice Codes Based on Product Constructions

A novel construction of lattices is proposed. This construction can be thought of as Construction A with codes that can be represented as the Cartesian product of L linear codes over Fp1 , . . . ,FpL , respectively; hence, is referred to as the product construction. The existence of a sequence of such lattices that are good for quantization and Poltyrev-good under multistage decoding is shown. This family of lattices is then used to generate a sequence of nested lattice codes which allows one to achieve the same computation rate of Nazer and Gastpar for computeand-forward under multistage decoding, which is referred to as lattice-based multistage compute-and-forward. Motivated by the proposed lattice codes, two families of signal constellations are then proposed for the separation-based compute-and-forward framework proposed by Tunali et al. together with a multilevel coding/multistage decoding scheme tailored specifically for these constellations. This scheme is termed separation-based multistage compute-and-forward and is shown having a complexity of the channel coding dominated by the greatest common divisor of the constellation size (may not be a prime number) instead of the constellation size itself.
Fatigue Behavior and Analysis of Heavy Duty Riveted Steel Grating

Heavy duty riveted steel grating is commonly used in bridge construction as it is relatively lightweight and is readily installed. One particular design concern is fatigue, which may affect overall durability and service life of the deck. In this particular study, the fatigue behavior focused on the riveted connection between the bearing, intermediate and reticuline bars. Fatigue tests have been conducted on sections of a riveted deck and were compared to more recent results from tests on both open-hole and riveted coupons. While test results from the open-hole coupons were consistent with the behavior of the deck sections, fatigue tests of the riveted coupons exhibited superior performance. Lower bound S–N curves are derived for each condition and compared. A fracture mechanics model is used to examine fatigue cracking around a typical rivet hole.
CHAPTER 8 – FOURIER SERIES

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on Fourier series. It presents formulas for the Fourier coefficients of an arbitrary function f(x) corresponding to some specific sets of orthogonal functions and describes conditions under which the series converges to the function. For theoretical purposes, convergence in the mean is more satisfactory, especially when the Lebesque integral is used instead of the Riemann integral of elementary calculus. However, in applications, pointwise convergence is more important. An orthonormal set is closed only if Parseval's equality holds for every function f(x) in the space. The chapter discusses the convergence of the trigonometric Fourier series at individual points rather than on an interval as a whole. Every simple set of orthogonal polynomials is closed in the space of piecewise continuous function on the interval of orthogonality.
Reply to Hashimoto: Ketamine is not an opioid but requires opioid system for antidepressant actions.

We agree with Hashimoto (1) that the molecular mechanisms underlying the psychiatric properties of ( R , S )-ketamine remain active areas of investigation. Racemic ketamine as well as esketamine [( S )-ketamine] are potent N -methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists and have displayed acute antidepressant and antisuicidal effects in multiple clinical studies (2, 3). However, these compounds display activity, albeit with lower affinity, on a number of receptors, including μ-opioid receptors (MORs), complicating the issue of mechanism of action. Clinical studies arguing for (4) and against (5) a role for MORs … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: meklein{at}ucsd.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Increased Electron Transport Inside Microbial Fuel Cell through Interfacing Graphene with Geobacter Sulfurreducens

With the increased interest in developing cost-effective and readily available energy sources, the research in the microbial fuel cell (MFC) field has gained increased attention. Here, we report the use of graphene's high electron mobility coupled with Geobacter sulfurreducens' biocatalyst nature to increase the current response of a MFC. It is well-accepted that one of the limiting factors of current generation of a Geobacter based MFC is the electron transport process in the anodic chamber. We attempt to address this limitation by utilizing the enhanced electrical conductivity of graphene. To study the interface of graphene- Geobacter, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed. The Raman characterization studies of the interface revealed an n-doping effect on graphene, with an approximate shift of 5 cm-1. These results demonstrate that the graphene- Geobacter interface provides an approach to overcoming the challenges of conventional MFCs.
Efficient Generation of a Near-visible Frequency Comb via Cherenkov-like Radiation from a Kerr Microcomb

Optical frequency combs are widely used in precision metrology, communication, and sensing. Though highly desired for biosensing and interconnection with atomic systems, on-chip generation of combs near visible-light frequencies is severely limited by high losses. This study uses coexisting optical nonlinearities in an AlN microring resonator to generate a near-visible frequency comb with surprising efficiency (up to 22%). The approach could be extended to other frequency ranges as well.
Application of Early Warning Nursing System During COVID-19 Epidemic in Children’s Hospital

Aim: To develop a nursing early warning system in children’s hospital during the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia, and to accomplish the construction and application of this system, so a...
Improving the Analyses and Forecasts of a Tropical Squall Line Using Upper Tropospheric Infrared Satellite Observations

The advent of modern geostationary satellite infrared radiance observations has noticeably improved numerical weather forecasts and analyses. However, compared to midlatitude weather systems and tropical cyclones, research into using infrared radiance observations for numerically predicting and analyzing tropical mesoscale convective systems remain mostly fallow. Since tropical mesoscale convective systems play a crucial role in regional and global weather, this deficit should be addressed. This study is the first of its kind to examine the potential impacts of assimilating all-sky upper tropospheric infrared radiance observations on the prediction of a tropical squall line. Even though these all-sky infrared radiance observations are not directly affected by lower-tropospheric winds, the high-frequency assimilation of these all-sky infrared radiance observations improved the analyses of the tropical squall line’s outflow position. Aside from that, the assimilation of all-sky infrared radiance observations improved the analyses and prediction of the squall line’s cloud field. Finally, reducing the frequency of assimilating these all-sky infrared radiance observations weakened these improvements to the analyzed outflow position, as well as the analyses and predictions of cloud fields.
What (else) does transient optical spectroscopy of organic microcavities measure

The concept of modifying molecular dynamics in strongly coupled exciton-polariton systems is an emerging topic in photonics. However, there is no consensus on the types of molecular systems whose dynamics can be modified using strong coupling. These open questions stem from persistent uncertainties concerning the lifetime and conversion dynamics of exciton-polaritons and localized excited states as well as the proper way to measure such interactions in the time-domain. Here, we provide a framework for measuring dynamical interactions between exciton-polaritons and a diverse manifold of singlet, triplet, and multiexciton states, using a model molecular spin conversion (singlet fission) system that is strongly coupled to an optical microcavity. In addition to the usual population dynamics, transient optical measurements on microcavities are sensitive to transient modifications of the exciton-polariton transition energies, exciton-photon coupling conditions, and thermal excitations of the cavity mirrors.
Subaltern Praxis: A Vygotskian and Freirean Framework in NGO Education

This article examines the functionality and ideological underpinnings of an NGO system in Beirut, Lebanon. This grassroots NGO, in partnership with the Migrant Community Center and migrant domestic workers from African and Southeast Asian countries, creates an educational space that is both transformative and libratory. This activist space is informed by an anti-racist and feminist ideology. Based on the narratives of this system’s stakeholders, I forward a subaltern praxis, a transformative model for the development sector informed by Vygotsky’s constructivist frameworks and Freirean ideology.
Modern Analysis for Complex and Nonlinear Unsteady Flows in Turbomachinery

The field of turbomachinery is undergoing major advances in aeroelasticity and this chapter provides an overview of these new developments in the key enabling methodology of unsteady aerodynamic modeling. Also see the earlier discussions in chapters “Aeroelasticity in Turbomachines” and “Modeling of Fluid-Structure Interaction.”
Research on Multi-Source Data Fusion of Distribution Network Equipment Fault Based on Bayesian Reasoning and Analytic Hierarchy Process

This paper studies the identification of influencing factors from meteorological factors, operation years and equipment parameters, and models and quantifies the depth, relevance and hierarchy of influencing factors. In order to find the data sources which are related to operation data and environment data, Bayesian reasoning and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) are applied to establish the probability mapping relationship between various types of equipment failure and extreme environmental factors, equipment aging and operation status. Based on fusion result of failure probability, the equipment failure status is predicted. The results show that the evaluation method is effective and practical. Combined with the probability of extreme weather, aging years of equipment and operation monitoring, the failure type and probability of equipment can be predicted. This method can effectively solve the limitations of single measurement data. It can not only give more accurate fault prediction under the condition of given factors, but also provide quantitative evaluation of prediction accuracy, realize the quantification of uncertainty of fusion modeling, and make the prediction of fault occurrence more practical. It has practical significance to improve the level of equipment operation and maintenance.
Cereal β-glucans

Abstract Cereal β-glucan research in last 10 years has primarily focused on innovative extraction technologies, incorporation of β-glucan into a diverse range of food applications, and a majority of research has led to the discovery of additional health benefits from consuming cereal β-glucans than the well-known cholesterol-lowering effects. New advancements in cereal β-glucan extraction technology include pressurized aqueous ethanol and hot water, response surface methodology, ultrafine grinding and ultrasound. Some of the new food applications that cereal β-glucans have been formulated into are wheat and gluten-free bread, cookies, yogurt, beer, ketchup, orange juice, meatballs, and foods from India (chapati and dahi) and Turkey (tarhana). Health benefits from cereal β-glucan consumption emerging in last 10 years are control of blood glucose levels and lowering glycemic index to alleviate diabetes, satiety effects leading to reduced calorie consumption, prebiotic benefits that alter gut microbiota, digestive benefits including protection of stomach and intestinal tissues, wound healing and anticarcinogenic effects such as antioxidant activity limiting cancer cell proliferation. Cereal β-glucan manufacturers have been missing out in business opportunities to promote the diverse health benefits of cereal β-glucans, with many consumers distracted by the hype surrounding fad diets, and cereal β-glucan industry needs to put more emphasis on connecting with Millennials and Gen Z’s, who are highly receptive to information in digital format on nutritiously beneficial food ingredients.
Effect of Screening for Partner Violence on Use of Health Services at 3-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends women of reproductive age be screened for partner violence.1 However, others, such as the World Health Organization2 and the Cochrane Collaborative,3 conclude there is insufficient evidence for this recommendation. Our randomized clinical trial allocated women seeking care in outpatient clinics to 1 of 3 study groups: computerized partner violence screening and provision of a local resource list, universal provision of a partner violence resource list without screening, or a no screen/no resource list control group. No differences were found in women’s quality of life, days lost from work or housework, use of health care and partner violence services, or the recurrence of partner violence after 1 year.4 We report women’s use of health services over 3 years, which we hypothesized would be lower in the intervention groups, as delayed effects of acting on the referral information could result from deteriorating health.
Status of neutron dosimetry cross sections

Several new cross section libraries, such as ENDF/B-VI(release 2), IRDF-90,JEF-2.2, and JENDL-3 Dosimetry, have recently been made available to the dosimetry community. the Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) Radiation Metrology Laboratory (RML) has worked with these libraries since pre-release versions were available. this paper summarizes the results of the intercomparison and testing of dosimetry cross sections. As a result of this analysis, a compendium of the best dosimetry cross sections was assembled from the available libraries for use within the SNL RML. this library, referred to as the SNLRML Library, contains 66 general dosimetry sensors and 3 special dosimeters unique to the RML sensor inventory. The SNLRML cross sections have been put into a format compatible with commonly used spectrum determination codes.
Both American and Global: Jazz and World Religions in the United States

Jazz has often been considered in opposition to religion, representing the carnal pleasures of Saturday night in contrast to Sunday morning worship. Historically, though, jazz has enjoyed a complex but fruitful with religions in the United States, primarily Christianity but other faith traditions as well. Although celebrated as the quintessentially American art form, jazz emerged as a product of global cultural flows which also carried religious meanings. The fluid boundary between speech and music in black Christianity means that jazz artists have sometimes regarded their solos as a form of preaching, while ministers have constructed their sermons as musical performances. In addition to supplementing Christian worship, jazz has served as a surrogate religion for its musicians and listeners, expressing its own creeds, codes, cultures, and communities. Since early in the 20th century, jazz musicians have borrowed hymns or gospel songs, composed pieces whose titles and sounds evoke religious worship, and written pieces designed for performance in sacred space. The roots of jazz lie in the traditional drumming and dance of West Africa, practices that blended with Christianity to shape slave religion and Pentecostal worship. As several significant jazz artists have been Jewish, sounds, and occasionally ideas of Judaism have permeated the repertoire of jazz at different points. Beginning in the 1940s, some American jazz artists were drawn to Islam, and incorporated references and sonic allusions in their music. The general interest in Eastern spirituality during the 1960s affected the beliefs and music of a generation of leading jazz. Meanwhile, Duke Ellington drew on an eclectic set of Christian beliefs to write three sacred concerts, inspiring his protege Wynton Marsalis to probe through music the connections between the black church and African-American music. A century of jazz teaches us that both the music and the spiritual beliefs it has expressed are exceptionally American and inextricably global.
The Politics of Marxist Sovietology: Otto Bauer's Vision

D ISCUSSION OR THE MEANING of the Soviet experience and attempts to predict its future are all the fashion today. And this is as it should be. No other development of our age constitutes a greater challenge to scholarly comprehension or a greater burden to responsible statesmanship. All the more reason, therefore, to be history-minded, not only about the problem itself but also with regard to the various approaches to it which are current today. Consider, for example, what has been called the contemporary "Marxist" analysis of the Soviet dictatorship. In its best known form this analysis insists that totalitarian dictatorship, having brought about the industrialization of the Soviet Union, has eo ipso prepared the way for its own evolution into a socialist democracy. Marxist Sovietology therefore anticipates a gradual dismantling of total political control, beginning with the curbing of mass terror (which in fact has happened since the death of Stalin) to be followed by an increasingly scrupulous observance of the rule of law (something which may now be occurring) and later by the removal of restrictions on freedom of thought and expression. But such an evolution is invariably predicated upon the relaxation of international tensions, from which it follows that the West, particularly the United States, should do everything to encourage the anticipated outcome, even if this entails the utmost accommodation toward the Soviet Union.1 That the optimism of this theory and the policy prescription suggested by it are based on a set of questionable premises hardly needs to be labored. What does need to be added is that the theory
The inhibitory role of cynical disposition in the provision and receipt of social support: the case of the September 11th terrorist attacks

Abstract Prior research documents that cynical individuals report receiving inferior social support, in terms of both quality and amount. The current study extends these findings by examining how cynicism impacts both the provision and receipt of social support during a national tragedy. Specifically, this work investigates the premise that cynicism predicts the provision and receipt of less sympathetic responses, but also more callous or negative responses. Participants responded to a cynicism measure and a series of open-ended questions pertaining to their interactions with close others on the day of the September 11th terrorist attacks. Point-biserial correlations indicated that cynicism predicted both the provision of less sympathetic support as well as the receipt of both less sympathetic and more explicitly calloused responses.
Lexical and semantic clustering by web links

Recent Web-searching and -mining tools are combining text and link analysis to improve ranking and crawling algorithms. The central assumption behind such approaches is that there is a correlation between the graph structure of the Web and the text and meaning of pages. Here I formalize and empirically evaluate two general conjectures drawing connections from link information to lexical and semantic Web content. The link-content conjecture states that a page is similar to the pages that link to it, and the link-cluster conjecture that pages about the same topic are clustered together. These conjectures are often simply assumed to hold, and Web search tools are built on such assumptions. The present quantitative confirmation sheds light on the connection between the success of the latest Web-mining techniques and the small world topology of the Web, with encouraging implications for the design of better crawling algorithms.
Solvent dependent coupling constants in fluoromethanes

Abstract Difluoromethane and trifluoromethane have been examined in solvents of low and high dielectric constant. In both compounds J 13CH increases algebraically in going to higher dielectric constant solvents. For CH 2 F 2 J 13CF increases algebraically for the same series of solvents. For CHF 3 J 13CF remains the same in two solvents and decreases algebraically in the third. The geminal HF coupling for both compounds is invariant in all solvents. A possible explanation of these results is suggested in terms of the electronic changes taking place in the solute molecules.
The Proto-oncoprotein Brx Activates Estrogen Receptor β by a p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway

The estrogen receptors (ERs) are ligand-inducible transcription factors that play key roles in the control of growth and differentiation in reproductive tissues. We showed that the novel Dbl family proto-oncoprotein Brx enhances ligand-dependent activity of ERα via a Cdc42-dependent pathway. Brx also significantly enhances ligand-dependent activity of ERβ. This enhancement is not affected by inhibition of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation by PD98059. However, addition of the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190 abrogates the enhancement of ERβ activity by Brx, showing that p38 MAPK activity is required for the enhancement of ERβ function by Brx. In COS-7 cells, transfection of Brx leads to activation of endogenous p38 MAPK activity. Co-expression of the β2 isoform of human p38 MAPK and a constitutively active form of the p38 MAPK kinase MKK6 (MKK6-EE) synergistically augments ligand-dependent activity of ERβ. Our findings suggest that p38 MAPKs may be important regulators of ERβ activity.
The Preventive Role of Activity: Myth or Reality- A Review of the Literature

The benefits of activity are examined through a review of the literature from both a psychosocial and physical focus.A challenge is given to occupational and physical therapists to add to the resea...
Psychopathology and Political Recruitment

It has been almost four decades since Harold Lasswell wrote in Psychopathology and Politics that political participation is related to psychopathology. This study reports the initial findings of a pilot project (1) to ascertain the correlation between political activity and psychopathology and (2) to explore the possibility that psychopathology and the political recruitment system are related.' Lasswell's study tells us little about the operation of political recruitment systems with respect to psychopathology; that was not his intent. The major limitations of his work in this respect result from its focus on the study of individuals who were or had been in mental institutions.2 While clinical diagnosis can give substantial insight into the personality correlates of different political activists, as Lasswell demonstrated, two major difficulties preclude generalization beyond these cases. First, because the treated rate of mental illness is not equivalent to its total incidence in the population, and because diagnosis type and treatment are related to socioeconomic status, the relations found among those in mental institutions are not likely to take the same form among those outside mental institutions. Second, people in mental institutions may be differeitt just because they are in mental institutions. A change in social setting frequently causes change in behavior and personality, independent of any psychopathology.3 Such change would pre-
Pancreatic Weight and Histology in the White Whale

The gross anatomy of the cetacean pancreas has been described in several species, and was examined early in the white whale or beluga, Delphinapterus lencas , by Watson and Young (1878)–9). But data on the weight and especially on the histology of the pancreas in whales is scanty and is apparently lacking for the beluga. The histology of the pancreas of the beluga differs in several respects from that of the blue whale as described by Jacobsen (1941) and possesses features of basic interest. I am grateful to W. T. Ward and L. J. Marshal of the Adanac Whale and Fish Products Company for the opportunity of dissecting fresh belugas, and to the Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies, University of Michigan, for travel funds. This report is based upon 12 specimens harpooned and shot near the mouth of the Churchill River, Churchill, Manitoba, Canada, on July 6 and 7,1954. The specimens were dissected by the author within one to six hours of death. Their data are presented in Table 1. The estimates of the age and body weights of the specimens are based upon the graphs in Vladykov's (1944) monograph correlating length with weight and age in Saint Lawrence River belugas. View this table: Table 1. Descriptive data, pancreas weights and alpha:beta cell ratios in pancreatic islets Whole, fresh pancreas specimens from four of the whales were cut into from two to four pieces for weighing to the nearest 0.1 gm. Blocks of tissue, each about 1 cm. in diameter, were taken from three widely separated areas of each pancreas. The blocks from specimens 1 and 2 were fixed for over a year in standard Bouin's fluid, and those from specimens 3 to 12 were fixed for the same period of time in a Bouin's fluid in which 0.5 per cent …
Context-Sensitive Probabilistic Boolean Networks: Steady-State Properties, Reduction, and Steady-State Approximation

Context-sensitive probabilistic Boolean networks (PBNs) have been recently introduced as a paradigm for modeling genetic regulatory networks and have served as the main model for the application of intervention methods, including optimal control strategies, to favorably effect system dynamics. Since it is believed that the steady-state behavior of a context-sensitive PBN is indicative of the phenotype, it is important to study the alternation in the steady-state probability distribution due to any variations in the formulations of the context-sensitive PBNs. Furthermore, the huge computational complexity of the context-sensitive PBN model necessitates generation of size-reduction techniques and approximate methods for calculation of the steady-state probability distribution of context-sensitive PBNs. The goal of this paper is threefold: i) to study the effects of the various definitions of context-sensitive PBNs on the steady-state probability distributions and the downstream control policy design; ii) to propose a reduction technique that maintains the steady-state probability distribution; and iii) to provide an approximation method for calculating the steady-state probability distribution of a context-sensitive PBN.
Ascaris suum and Toxocara canis: radioautographic detection of DNA in Feulgen-Negative muscle nuclei.

After the failure of a variety of cytochemical techniques to demonstrate DNA in Feulgen negative somatic muscle nuclei of adult Ascaris, fixed sections of adult and juvenile Ascaris and Toxocara canis were exposed to tritiated actinomycin D and studied radioautographically. Grain counts over labeled muscle nuclei, when compared with control sections pretreated with DNase, RNase, and their buffer and water controls, clearly revealed the presence of DNA in the nuclei. The juvenile specimens of Ascaris revealed homegeneously and lightly Feulgenpositive muscle nuclei only at the posterior tip of the smallest worms. At the midbody region the nuclei enlarge and become Feulgen-negative, resembling the adult nuclei. Comparisons of grain concentrations and volumes of the various nuclei suggest that the amount of DNA actually increases during this process. Thus the Feulgen-negativity cannot easily be explained by DNA dilution alone, but appears to accompany a morphological differentiation of the nucleus. The qualitative aspects of this differentiation are unknown.
Electrokinetic DNA transport in a nanopore membrane

There is tremendous current interest in transporting DNA molecules through nanopores. This interest stems from the possibility of using nanopores for characterization/sequencing, separation, and sensing of DNA. In the presence of a transmembrane electric field, typically used in such applications, DNA chains can be driven through the nanopore via the electrokinetic transport processes of electrophoresis and electroosmotic flow, as well as by diffusion. To our knowledge there have been no quantitative studies of the relative importance of the electrokinetic and diffusive components for DNA transport in a nanopore system. We describe such quantitative studies here. We report on the transport of a series of single-stranded homo-oligonucleotides made of thymidine bases through nanopores in a polycarbonate filter membrane. We show that when an ionic current is passed through the nanopores, transmembrane DNA electrophoresis is the dominant transport process. Finally, the pores in these membranes have conical constrictions at both membrane faces. The effect of this interesting pore geometry on DNA transport is also discussed.
Effect of Ga 3d states on the structural properties of GaAs and GaP.

It is shown that recent experimental data on the phase diagrams of GaAs and GaP can be reconciled with the results of pseudopotential total-energy calculations if core corrections for exchange and correlation are used. Theoretical results are also given for the very-high-pressure region of the GaAs phase diagram. We predict that a CsCl-type structure should be stable above 125 GPa.
Supersonic jet epitaxy of aluminum nitride on silicon (100)

Single phase aluminum nitride (0001) has been grown on atomically clean silicon (100) substrates (720 °C≥Ts≥620 °C) with dual supersonic molecular beam gas sources. The precursors used were triethylaluminum [TEA; Al(C2H5)3] and ammonia (NH3). The maximum growth rate obtained was 0.1 μm/h. The growth rate was found to depend strongly on the kinetic energy of the incident precursors. Single phase films were grown 200–400 nm thick. Structural x‐ray studies reveal 2θ full widths at half‐maxima between 0.20° and 0.35° for the AlN (0002) peak.
Social Sources of Support for Violence and Nonviolence in a Negro Ghetto

This paper utilizes opinion poll data to examine the social characteristics of Negroes oriented to violence and nonviolence in New York's Bedford-Stuyvesant ghetto after the 1964 riot there. Although violence-oriented Negroes were found in all segments of the community, the young, recent newcomers to the area, and males were more likely than the old, long-term residents, and females to be violence oriented. Negroes in the lowest income groups were more likely to be violence oriented than those in the highest income group. With the exception of the college-educated group the proportion oriented to violence was found to increase as educational level decreased. Indices of communal participation were examined; regular churchgoers were less likely than irregular attenders to be violence oriented.
Utilization of Physician Health Care Services in Mexico by U.S. Hispanic Border Residents

One of the most controversial topics in the U.S. is the issue of accessibility to health services by U.S. residents. This issue is most critical to U.S. Hispanic residents living along the U.S.-Mexico border who have been identified as having low health standards and low socio-economic conditions when compared to the rest of the state and the country. The availability of lower cost health services across the U.S. border in Mexico is, therefore, perceived as a viable economic alternative source of health care. This study is derived from a health needs assessment survey of 1,100 households residing in Laredo, Texas, the largest land port along the 2,000-miles long U.S.-Mexico border. The major result of this study indicates that about 41.2 percent of the Laredo U.S. Hispanic residents are utilizing cross border physician health care services in Mexico.
The biparticity of a graph

The biparticity β(G) of a graph G is the minimum number of bipartite graphs required to cover G. It is proved that for any graph G, β(G) = {log2χ(G)}. In view of the recent announcement of the Four Color Theorem, it follows that the biparticity of every planar graph is 2.
Point-distribution algorithm for mining vector-item patterns

An algorithm is presented for finding patterns between sets of continuous attributes and item sets. In contrast to most pattern mining approaches, the algorithm considers multiple continuous attributes as a single vector attribute. This approach results in a separate abstraction level and allows multiple vector attributes to be considered. We show that the pattern mining process can uncover relationships between the vector data and item sets. Filtering according to these patterns can be seen as feature selection at the level of the vector attributes as opposed to individual continuous attributes. In the evaluation, we show that the pattern mining algorithm can more effectively and efficiently achieve this filtering than a direct application of classification algorithms. Patterns are identified by relating item data to the distribution of objects within the vector space that is spanned by the sets of continuous attributes. The Kullback-Leibler divergence provides a quantitative measure that establishes whether the subset defined by an item set differs from the overall distribution of data points. The set-subset relationship of data points, which violates i.i.d assumptions, requires an adaptation of standard algorithms for computing the Kullback-Leibler divergence. The algorithm is evaluated on gene expression data and on a classification example problem that is constructed from time series data.
Effect of the N-terminal glycine on the secondary structure, orientation, and interaction of the influenza hemagglutinin fusion peptide with lipid bilayers.

The amino-terminal segment of the membrane-anchored subunit of influenza hemagglutinin (HA) plays a crucial role in membrane fusion and, hence, has been termed the fusion peptide. We have studied the secondary structure, orientation, and effects on the bilayer structure of synthetic peptides corresponding to the wild-type and several fusogenic and nonfusogenic mutants with altered N-termini of the influenza HA fusion peptide by fluorescence, circular dichroism, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. All peptides contained segments of alpha-helical and beta-strand conformation. In the wild-type fusion peptide, 40% of all residues were in alpha-secondary and 30% in beta-secondary structures. By comparison, the nonfusogenic peptides exhibited larger beta/alpha secondary structure ratios. The order parameters of the helices and the amide carbonyl groups of the beta-strands of the wild-type fusion peptide were measured separately, based on the infrared dichroism of the respective absorption bands. Order parameters in the range 0.1–0.7 were found for both segments of the wild-type peptide, which indicates that they are most likely aligned at oblique angles to the membrane normal. The nonfusogenic but not the fusogenic peptides induced splitting of the infrared absorption band at 1735 cm(-1), which is assigned to stretching vibrations of the lipid ester carbonyl bond. This splitting, which reports on an alteration of the hydrogen bonds formed between the lipid ester carbonyls and water and/or hydrogen-donating groups of the fusion peptides, correlated with the beta/alpha ratio of the peptides, suggesting that unpaired beta-strands may replace water molecules and hydrogen-bond to the lipid ester carbonyl groups. The profound structural changes induced by single amino acid replacements at the extreme N-terminus of the fusion peptide further suggest that tertiary or quaternary structural interactions may be important when fusion peptides bind to lipid bilayers.
Land company mapping in North America: Fiefdom in the new republic 1

(1990). Land company mapping in North America: Fiefdom in the new republic. Imago Mundi: Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 106-113.
The contributions of social support and coping methods to stress resiliency in couples facing hemophilia and HIV

Abstract The psychosocial impact of HIV on the hemophilia community has been largely ignored in the literature. The current study examined the contributions of social support and coping methods to resiliency against HIV-related stress among hemophilic men and their long-term female partners. Main effect and stress buffering models of stress resiliency were tested. Criterion variables included subjective psychological distress and physical symptoms. Results revealed support for the main effect model only. Marital satisfaction and support from friends predicted husbands' functioning and support from friends predicted partners' functioning. For both spouses, avoidant coping was associated with poorer functioning. The findings of this study and other research with this sample have provided the foundation for a clinical intervention which is summarized in an appendix.
THE APPLICATION OF BRADFORD'S LAW TO MONOGRAPHS

This paper presents an analysis of a sample of the monographs listed in the National Library of Medicine's Current Catalog under subject headings in the cardiovascular diseases category. The sample was composed of 326 publishers and 770 monographs. The sample of monographic literature used in this study conforms to Bradford's law and demonstrates that the law is not confined by political or economic boundaries.
Surface modification of microporous polyurethane membrane with poly(ethylene glycol) to develop a novel membrane

To develop a novel microporous membrane that responds to moisture/liquid content for use in protective clothing, the surface of microporous polyurethane membrane was modified by graft polymerization with different molecular weights of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Surface grafting was confirmed, and appropriate grafting time and temperature were determined. The hydrophilicity of microporous polyurethane membranes was improved after surface modification with PEG. Both the surface pore sizes of the PU membranes and the constricted parts of through pore sizes of the bulk PU membranes were reduced, as revealed by the pore size distribution using image analysis and capillary flow porometer, respectively. The reduced pore sizes are expected to enhance the barrier properties by reducing the possibility of harmful particles and liquid borne pathogen penetration. Water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) measurements indicated that the pores of the modified PU membranes were responsive to the moisture content.