cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
House prices and demographic change: Canadian evidence

Abstract We examine the links between demography-induced changes in housing demand and real house prices using postwar data for Canada. Although Canadian demographic patterns are very similar to those in the United States, real house prices exhibit a substantially different trajectory: they rise in the early 1970s, and then fall nearly forty per cent between 1975 and the mid-1980s. We estimate simple time-series models relating house prices to demographic factors, and unlike previous estimates for the U.S. by Mankiw and Weil (1989), we find a statistically insignificant and in most cases negative association between demographic demand and house prices. These results suggest caution in extrapolating historical U.S. trends to the next century, while also illustrating that substantial real declines in house values are not impossible.
When Getting Something Good is Bad: Even Three-year-olds React to Inequality

Fairness is central to morality. Previous research has shown that children begin to understand fairness between the ages of four and six, depending on the context and method used. Within distributive contexts, there is little clear evidence that children have a concept of fairness before the age of five. This research, however, has mostly examined children’s explicit verbal responses to questions about unequal distributions—a method that often underestimates children’s knowledge. In the current study, we instead examined emotional and behavioral signs that children notice and dislike inequality.We distributed an unequal number of rewards (stickers) among pairs of children (the ages of three to five years) and probed their responses to the inequality. Both implicit and explicit measures revealed that children as young as three years old notice and react negatively to an unfair distribution, particularly when they receive less than their partner. The few age trends that were found involved verbal (explicit) responses, providing evidence that although children do not explicitly talk about fairness until the age of five or six, this talk is an effort to explain emotional reactions that emerged earlier in development.
Behavioral Finance: Application and Pedagogy in Business Education and Training

While behavioral finance had its beginnings in the early 1970s, it has not yet been fully and systematically accepted into the finance curricula of higher education. Acceptance of the findings from psychological research and recent advances in neuroscience are now being fully integrated into a research framework that explains how managers and investors make decisions and why some if not all such decisions persistently deviate from those predicted by the Law of One Price and Expected Utility theory. More importantly, such frameworks also prescribe strategies to avoid costly mistakes caused by behavioral phenomena. This chapter makes the case that the time is right for higher education programs to develop and offer courses in behavioral finance. Such courses should be based upon a new and developing paradigm that has its roots mainly in the field of cognitive psychology with added enrichments from the field of neuroscience. The new descriptive paradigm avoids the normative approach of traditional theory; and instead, attempts to explain how managers and investors actually make decisions in real life and under conditions of uncertainty and risk. Effectively, our work in this chapter is entirely based on one single question that the proponents of the new descriptive paradigm would raise: As far as training future managers and investment professionals is concerned, can any finance department at any university claim being relevant and truthful to the profession and yet at the same time avoid teaching the working of financial and managerial markets in the real world? The relevant literature is reviewed, theoretical and empirical underpinnings for the new paradigm are presented; and finally, a sample syllabus and course schedule are provided and discussed as a bench mark for future course and program developers.
Evaluating Outcomes and Impact of Nutrition Education Programs Designed for Older Adults

Abstract One of a series of literature reviews on nutrition education for older adults, this article emphasizes the importance of measuring a variety of outcomes when evaluating education programs. Types of outcomes and impacts and difficulties in evaluating programs are discussed. Current findings regarding older adult nutrition education evaluation are presented. A table summarizes sixteen reports of older adult nutrition education interventions with an evaluation component. It shows the duration of intervention and follow-up, types of impacts and outcomes measured, primary intervention strategy used, race and ethnicity of the subjects, whether a behavior theory was stated, and if changes were statistically significant. Conclusions and specific recommendations regarding evaluation are featured.
Conflictos y pactos en La familia del Comendador de Juana Paula Manso: Formación de nación a través de políticas matrimoniales

In one of the first talks in Society Must Be Defended, Michel Foucault avows that the formal hegemonic organization of knowledge hides, silences, or disguises other forms of knowledge that do not conform to it or that are not considered as knowledge. He calls these latter forms of knowledge “subjugated knowledges.” Using Foucault's concept, I examine how family structures and marriage politics as presented in Juana Paula Manso's La familia del Comendador (1854) are a means to expose some kinds of knowledge that were silenced socially and nationally. These kinds of knowledge have multiple functions in the text: to invalidate the discursive logic on which slavery systems were based; to propose more democratic models of family-nation; to reveal the ethic inconsistencies of hegemonic systems; and at the same time, to make visible the difficult national pacts that must be carried out in hopes that the future nation will be more socially and racially democratic.
Dome Formation by a Retrovirus-induced Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Line

Abstract A cell line has been established from an alveologenic lung adenocarcinoma that develops in newborn NFS/N mice after i.p. inoculation with a carcinoma-inducing retrovirus. A clonal derivative of this cell line, 3041, forms adenocarcinomas when injected into syngeneic weanling mice and in culture retains several properties typical of alveologenic type 1 cells. These include morphological details, such as tight junctions and interdigitating microvilli in the areas of cell-cell contact, as well as the ability to transport fluid in culture. Fluid transport becomes evident in confluent cultures by the formation of domes or hemicysts. The formation of domes, which is considered to reflect a differentiated function of these secretory epithelial cells, can be enhanced more than 50-fold by treatment with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate but only 5- and 3-fold by sodium n-butyrate and dimethyl sulfoxide, respectively. It is anticipated that the secretory alveologenic cell line 3041 described here will be useful for studies of both its pathological and its physiological properties.
Phenol-Soluble Antigens from Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium gastri, and Mycobacterium marinum

Many of the demonstrable antigens derived from mycobacteria are common to members of different species. Agglutination tests have yielded the most specific characterizations. An antigen which may be associated with the specific agglutination is soluble in phenol and can be extracted and separated from other antigens by use of this solvent. Phenol-soluble antigens have been extracted from representative cultures of Mycobacterium kansasii, M. gastri, and M. marinum. Most representatives of each of these species yielded an antigen which was characteristic of the species but was distinct from antigen derived from the other two species.
Narratives of Lincoln High School African American Graduates in Kansas City, Missouri 1955 to 1985

Our purpose was to explore the voices of five African American graduates of Kansas City’s Lincoln High School between 1955 and 1985. It has been suggested that an ethic of care supporting instituti...
Active output state of the Synechococcus Kai circadian oscillator

The mechanisms by which cellular oscillators keep time and transmit temporal information are poorly understood. In cyanobacteria, the timekeeping aspect of the circadian oscillator, composed of the KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC proteins, involves a cyclic progression of phosphorylation states at Ser431 and Thr432 of KaiC. Elucidating the mechanism that uses this temporal information to modulate gene expression is complicated by unknowns regarding the number, structure, and regulatory effects of output components. To identify oscillator signaling states without a complete description of the output machinery, we defined a simple metric, Kai-complex output activity (KOA), that represents the difference in expression of reporter genes between strains that carry specific variants of KaiC and baseline strains that lack KaiC. In the absence of the oscillator, expression of the class 1 paradigm promoter PkaiBC was locked at its usual peak level; conversely, that of the class 2 paradigm promoter PpurF was locked at its trough level. However, for both classes of promoters, peak KOA in wild-type strains coincided late in the circadian cycle near subjective dawn, when KaiC-pST becomes most prevalent (Ser431 is phosphorylated and Thr432 is not). Analogously, peak KOA was detected specifically for the phosphomimetic of KaiC-pST (KaiC-ET). Notably, peak KOA required KaiB, indicating that a KaiBC complex is involved in the output activity. We also found evidence that phosphorylated RpaA (regulator of phycobilisome associated) represses an RpaA-independent output of KOA. A simple mathematical expression successfully simulated two key features of the oscillator—the time of peak KOA and the peak-to-trough amplitude changes.
Delayed intraventricular hemorrhage is common and worsens outcomes in intracerebral hemorrhage

Objective: To evaluate the incidence, characteristics, and clinical consequences of delayed intraventricular hemorrhage (dIVH). Methods: Patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) were enrolled into a prospective registry between December 2006 and February 2012. Patients were managed, and serial neuroimaging obtained, per a structured protocol. Initial and delayed IVH were identified on imaging, along with ICH volumes, with outcomes blinded. Multivariate models were developed to test whether the occurrence of dIVH was a predictor of functional outcomes independent of known predictors, including the ICH score elements and ICH growth. Results: A total of 216 patients were studied, and 104 (48%) had IVH on initial imaging. Of the 112 with no IVH, 23 (21%) subsequently developed IVH. Emergent surgical intervention, mostly ventriculostomy placement, was required after discovery of dIVH in 10 (43%) of these 23. In multivariate models adjusting for all elements of the ICH score and hematoma growth, dIVH was an independent predictor of death at 14 days ( p = 0.015) and higher modified Rankin Scale scores at 3 months (all p = 0.037). The effect of dIVH remained significant in a secondary analysis that adjusted for all other variables significant in the univariate analysis. Conclusions: Similar to hematoma expansion dIVH is independently associated with death and poor outcomes. Because IVH is easily detected by serial neuroimaging and often requires emergent surgical intervention, monitoring for dIVH is recommended.
Teaching children with autism to attend to socially relevant stimuli

Abstract Research has shown that children with autism often fail to attend to relevant stimuli in social situations, likely resulting in unsuccessful or absent social interactions. The purpose of this study was to teach children with autism to attend to stimuli with socially relevant features. Specifically, this study evaluated a teaching package including rules, modeling, role play, and specific feedback across multiple exemplars to teach children with autism to attend and respond to others’ bids for social attention (e.g., “Whoa!” or “Ouch!”). Three participants successfully learned to shift attention toward others and emit a response to gain more information in response to a socially relevant stimulus. Furthermore, generalization was observed across novel exemplars and people.
Utility of Restrictive Harvest Regulations for Trophy Largemouth Bass Management

Abstract Trophy-size fish are a critical component of recreational Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides floridanus fisheries; therefore, many agencies have prioritized management actions to improve catches of large fish. Length-based harvest regulations are commonly used to increase the abundance of trophy-size fish, but the rarity of large fish in sampling programs makes it difficult to use field data to evaluate the effectiveness of those regulations. We used an age-structured simulation model parameterized for a trophy Largemouth Bass fishery to evaluate the potential for a range of size limits to increase abundance and angler catches of trophy Largemouth Bass (>610 mm TL). We compiled creel information from four Florida lakes with varying harvest regulations that were known to have high-quality trophy fisheries in order to assess the performance of the model. Model results were scaled to represent trips per trophy catch for a range of size limits. The model predicted that the average number of angler...
Reflections on the Evolution of Morality

In my summary lecture at the IRAS 1997 Star Island Conference on the Evolution of Morality, I reflected on the thinking of other speakers in light of my own personal experience. My remarks were organized around five questions: (1) Do worldviews matter, and how do we decide if some matter more than others? (2) What does it mean to be moral? (3) What is the relation between biology and culture? (4) How does a scientific, sociobiological description of how we have become moral fit with our own personal quest for meaning and moral guidance toward richer and fuller lives? (5) How do we test evolutionary views of the biological conditions of morality scientifically?
Reflexivity and Rhetorical Ethnography: From Family Farm to Orphanage and Back Again:

In this rhetorically-driven dialectical and dialogical approach to ethnography, I explore the lives of a small-farm family to understand the essence of their cultural existence. In the unfolding of this ethnography and through reflexivity, I come to understand my own fascination with the farm family. First, I rely on thick description. Second, I reflect on identity and then on identification through dialectic and dialogic encounters with the family members to understand how they rhetorically (both strategically and tactically) create their identities. Finally, I allow that reflexivity to lead me to the connections between my recovered childhood memories of staying at an orphanage and the ways in which the farm family maintain a sense of identity and belonging to one another.
Digital computer classifications of EEG sleep stages.

Abstract Four programs have been developed to classify allnight sleep EEGs using digital computer techniques. Method one classified sleep stages according to the baseline cross primary wave and first derivative frequency patterns, amplitude, and primary wave frequency variability. Method two (sleep print) applies the distance function approach to classify sleep stages using as a standard the mean values of the primary wave baseline cross frequency measures of EEG samples first classified visually. Method three utilizes the distance function approach to classify the sleep pattern in comparison to the pre-sleep resting record. Method four is based on the average amplitude. The best agreement between visual and computer classification was attained with the “sleep print” method. The effect of psychotropic drugs could also be best demonstrated with this method. The similarities of computer period analysis classification and visually classified samples, the reliability of the sampling, its rapidity and ease of statistical and visual portrayal, and its relative cost make such analyses useful and practical.
Inhibin secretion during the rat estrous cycle: relationships to FSH secretion and FSH beta subunit mRNA concentrations.

Abstract Serum inhibin and FSH and FSH beta subunit mRNA levels were measured at 3h intervals throughout the 4 day estrous cycle in female rats and hourly between 1000 and 2400 h of proestrus. On proestrus, serum inhibin concentrations fell during the late morning-early afternoon, then increased transiently during the late afternoon gonadotropin surges. Inhibin levels decreased during the late evening of proestrus, coincident with the FSH surge-related rise in FSH beta mRNA levels. Serum inhibin remained relatively stable during estrus and early metestrus, but rose during the late evening of metestrus and remained elevated until early diestrus. FSH beta mRNA levels were elevated on late estrus and early metestrus and declined during the evening of metestrus as serum inhibin levels increased. These data show that concetrations of serum inhibin change during the estrous cycle and that a general inverse relationship exist between serum inhibin and FSH levels and FSH beta mRNA concentrations in the pituitary. This suggests that inhibin may inhibit FSH beta gene expression and FSH secretion during the 4 day cycle in female rats.
On the Varieties of Phronesis

(1999). On the Varieties of Phronesis. Educational Philosophy and Theory: Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 273-289.
Investigation of diamond deposition uniformity and quality for freestanding film and substrate applications

Abstract In this paper, we report on microwave CVD deposition of high quality polycrystalline diamond and on related post-processing steps to produce smooth, flat and uniformly thick films or diamond substrates. The deposition reactor is a 2.45 GHz microwave cavity applicator with the plasma confined inside a 12 cm diameter fused silica bell jar. The deposition substrates utilized are up to 75 mm diameter silicon wafers. The substrate holder is actively cooled with a water-cooled substrate holder to achieve a substrate surface temperature of 600–1150 C. The pressure utilized is 60–180 Torr and the microwave incident power is 2–4.5 kW. Important parameters for the deposition of thick films with uniform quality and thickness include substrate temperature uniformity as well as plasma discharge size and shape. As deposited thickness uniformities of ± 5% across 75 mm diameters are achieved with simultaneous growth rates of 1.9 μm/h. The addition of argon to the deposition gases improves film deposition uniformity without decreasing growth rate or film quality, over the range of parameters investigated. Post-processing includes laser cutting of the diamond to a desired shape, etching, lapping and polishing steps.
Increasing Document Delivery to Off-Campus Students Through an Interdepartmental Partnership

Summary At Central Michigan University, two separate departments in the Libraries have historically handled library services to distance learning and on-campus students. In 1999, Off-Campus Library Services and Interlibrary Loan (ILL) partnered to provide additional services to off-campus students through the on-campus ILL department. In this paper, the authors discuss the procedures, budget, successes and challenges of this interdepartmental cooperation.
Stability of Eating Disorder Diagnostic Classifications in Adolescents: Five-Year Longitudinal Findings From a Population-Based Study

This study examined the stability of eating disorder (ED) classifications among a population-based sample of male and female adolescents (n = 2,516) who participated in Project EAT-II, a five-year longitudinal study. Cross-tabulations using weighted data identified diagnostic stability across six classifications (Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder, Binge Eating and/or Compensatory Behaviors not meeting ED diagnosis, Body Image Disturbance without disordered eating, and Asymptomatic). One-third (32.6%) of adolescents who were asymptomatic at baseline and over half of those who were symptomatic at baseline reported symptoms five years later. All males and 82% of females with a threshold diagnosis at baseline remained symptomatic five years later, but rarely within the same classification. In conclusion, the presence of ED symptoms in adolescence strongly predicts ED symptoms five years later. ED diagnoses and classifications were unstable over time, underscoring the critical need for prevention efforts and periodic assessment and encouraging early detection and intervention among adolescents.
Multilingual Dependency Parsing using Bayes Point Machines

We develop dependency parsers for Arabic, English, Chinese, and Czech using Bayes Point Machines, a training algorithm which is as easy to implement as the perceptron yet competitive with large margin methods. We achieve results comparable to state-of-the-art in English and Czech, and report the first directed dependency parsing accuracies for Arabic and Chinese. Given the multilingual nature of our experiments, we discuss some issues regarding the comparison of dependency parsers for different languages.
A Statistical Approach for the Concurrent Coupling of Molecular Dynamics and Finite Element Methods

Molecular dynamics (MD) methods are opening new opportunities for simulating the fundamental processes of material behavior at the atomistic level. However, increasing the size of the MD domain quickly presents intractable computational demands. A robust approach to surmount this computational limitation has been to unite continuum modeling procedures such as the finite element method (FEM) with MD analyses thereby reducing the region of atomic scale refinement. The challenging problem is to seamlessly connect the two inherently different simulation techniques at their interface. In the present work, a new approach to MD-FEM coupling is developed based on a restatement of the typical boundary value problem used to define a coupled domain. The method uses statistical averaging of the atomistic MD domain to provide displacement interface boundary conditions to the surrounding continuum FEM region, which, in return, generates interface reaction forces applied as piecewise constant traction boundary conditions to the MD domain. The two systems are computationally disconnected and communicate only through a continuous update of their boundary conditions. With the use of statistical averages of the atomistic quantities to couple the two computational schemes, the developed approach is referred to as an embedded statistical coupling method (ESCM) as opposed to a direct coupling method where interface atoms and FEM nodes are individually related. The methodology is inherently applicable to three-dimensional domains, avoids discretization of the continuum model down to atomic scales, and permits arbitrary temperatures to be applied.
Metals and the liver.

Purpose of review Hereditary liver diseases resulting in copper and iron overload may cause significant morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed and treated early. The goal of this review is to highlight the key publications on genetics, diagnosis and management of hemochromatosis and Wilson disease over the past 18 months. Recent findings Several recent advancements have been made in the genetic diagnosis of hemochromatosis and Wilson disease. Uncommon HFE mutations resulting in phenotypic hemochromatosis among C282Y heterozygotes have been identified from HFE gene sequencing. A serum ferritin less than 1000 μg/l in C282Y homozygotes was found to be associated with milder symptoms of hemochromatosis. Deferasirox was shown to reduce iron overload in patients with hemochromatosis and may be an option for patients who cannot tolerate phlebotomy. There was found to be evidence of genotype and phenotype correlation in Wilson disease, which can be diagnosed by genetic sequencing. A modified diagnostic guideline has been developed for children with Wilson disease with mild liver disease that increases the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis. Also treatment with copper chelating agents has less hepatic treatment failures when compared with zinc monotherapy. Summary Advancements in diagnosis of hemochromatosis and Wilson disease may lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment with resulting decrease in morbidity and mortality.
African American Parents'/Guardians' Health Literacy and Self-Efficacy and Their Child's Level of Asthma Control☆

Nearly 1of 10 American children has asthma. Asthma is addressed in Healthy People 2010 as a public health problem. This study examined the relationship between parents'/guardians' health literacy levels and their perceived self-efficacy to manage their child's asthma. A four-page asthma questionnaire was developed to assess the self-efficacy of parents/guardians of African American children with asthma. There was a statistically significant relationship among the parents'/guardians health literacy levels and their perceived efficacy expectations to manage their child's asthma. There is evidence that high parental/guardian self-efficacy and successful asthma management contribute to a child with well-controlled asthma. It is necessary for patient educators to capitalize on physician/nurse visits and use the time for asthma education, particularly to increase the efficacy expectations of parents/guardians with limited health literacy skills.
Scaling properties of quantum shape phase transitions in the interacting boson model-1

The evolution of system observables at critical points of quantum phase transitions in atomic nuclei is explored within the context of the interacting boson model-1. The evolution of energies and transition strengths in the ground state band at the infinite-size critical point are examined with respect to system size. Properties of first-order phase transitions away from the U(5)-SU(3) leg of the Casten triangle are examined, and the effects of angular momentum on the evolution of system observables at the critical point are investigated for the first time.
Infections associated with long-term prosthetic devices.

The extensive and ever-increasing use of long-term prosthetic devices has improved quality of life and survival for many patients. Prosthetic device–related infection occurs infrequently but is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Management is challenging, often requiring prolonged antimicrobial therapy and surgical intervention. Better understanding of the interaction between microorganisms, devices, and the host should improve the ability to manage device-related infections. This article reviews recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of infections associated with indwelling medical devices, highlighting those associated with prosthetic joints, cerebrospinal fluid shunts, and prosthetic heart valves.
Signal transduction pathways regulated by CSF-1 receptors modulate the in vitro radiosensitivity of mammary epithelial cells

Abstract Purpose: CSF-1 and its receptor have both been previously implicated in the basic biology and clinical course of mammary and female reproductive tract neoplasms. A recent study (1) demonstrated that expression of this receptor correlated with local relapse in early-stage breast cancer patients. In this communication, we investigated the role that this receptor/ligand pair plays in modulating cellular responses to ionizing radiation in a mammary epithelial cell line HC11. Methods and Materials: The radiosensitivity of HC11 clonal cells transfected to overexpress either the wild-type CSF-1 receptor or CSF-1 receptor mutated at one of the two major autophosphorylation sites (TYR → PHE 807 or TYR → PHE 721) was quantitated by standard in vitro clonogenic assays. Results: We demonstrated that a signal transduction pathway regulated by the phosphorylation of TYR-807 of CSF-1 receptor appears to play a major role in controlling the radiosensitivity of murine mammary epithelial cells. Conclusions: Our observations offer insights into potential pharmacologic and gene-therapeutic approaches for the modification of radiation response of mammary neoplasms.
EFFECTS OF DIETS ON THE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF JUVENILE ATLANTIC SILVERSIDES (Menidia menidia)

Juvenile Atlantic silversides (Menidia menidia) were cultured for 24 days on a live 3-day-old brine shrimp nauplii (Artemia salina) diet as well as the following artificial diets: a Conklin modified lobster diet, a Tunison laboratory modified diet (pellet and flake forms), and a Meyers closed formula flake prawn diet. A combination diet of brine shrimp nauplii and the Meyers prawn diet was also evaluated. The total lipid level and fatty acid profile of the diets and cultured fish were compared to those of the wild fish. Growth and survival were used as indicators of the overall performance of the various diets. The greatest growth and survival was found in fish fed live brine shrimp. However, their fatty acid profile resembled their diet profile more than that of the wild fish. The combination diet produced nearly equal growth and survival compared to brine shrimp fed fish and gave a fatty acid profile more like the wild fish. Therefore, the combination diet sacrificed little overall performance but promoted a better lipid character. Although the Conklin modified lobster diet produced an acceptable survival (7851, no artificial diet promoted growth or survival which was equal to brine shrimp or the combined diet fed fish. The use of the brine shrimp-artificial diet combination reduced, by 50%, the number of brine shrimp cysts required for the successful culture of silversides.
Multiple Papillary Fibroelastomas

A 53-year-old woman who had a history of mitral valve prolapse was referred to our institution after an incidental finding of small masses on the mitral, tricuspid, and pulmonary valves on transthoracic echocardiography. She had no symptoms suggestive of endocarditis with negative blood cultures. Complete blood cell count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were within normal limits. The patient underwent transesophageal echocardiography, which showed a pedunculated, papillary mass on the tricuspid valve (Figure 1 and Movie I in the online-only Data Supplement) with mild tricuspid regurgitation. In addition, 2 sessile masses were noted on the pulmonary valve (Figure 2 and Movie I in the online-only Data Supplement) and the posterior mitral …
Morphological and functional characteristics of cells infiltrating and destroying tumor multicellular spheroids in vivo.

EMT6 mammary sarcoma cells were grown in vitro as multicellular spheroids to model for the heterogeneity of microenvironments and structural changes which develop in many tumors, including micrometastases. Spheroids of 700–900 gm diameter were implanted into and recovered at different times from the peritoneal cavities of sensitized or nonsensitized allogeneic and syngeneic mice. The colony forming efficiency of spheroid tumor cells recovered at 24 and 48 h from sensitized allogeneic mice was markedly decreased as compared with those from nonsensitized allogeneic or syngeneic animals. These recovered spheroids were extensively infiltrated by both lymphocytes and macrophages, which ultrastructurally had very close membrane associations with tumor cells. Host cells recovered from spheroids exhibited cy to toxic activity in an in vitro51Cr release assay. Thus, multicellular spheroids in vivo provide a unique experimental model to study the functional capacity of host cells within a spheroical tumor. Although lacking the stroma and the vasculature of in vivo solid tumors, this model does have many similarities to in vivo tumors and is thus suitable for studying the tumor cell-host cell interactions within the tumor microenvironment. In addition, the system offers the potential for quantitative study of the effects of treatment modalities on tumor cell-host cell interactions.
Galaxy Evolution Spectroscopic Explorer (GESE): Science Rationale, Optical Design, and Telescope Architecture

One of the key goals of NASA’s astrophysics program is to answer the question: How did galaxies evolve into the spiral, elliptical, and irregular galaxies that we see today? We describe a space mission concept called Galaxy Evolution Spectroscopic Explorer (GESE) to help address this question by making a large ultraviolet spectroscopic survey of galaxies at a redshift, z~1 (look-back time of ~8 billion years). GESE is a 1.5-m space telescope with an near-ultraviolet (NUV) multi-object slit spectrograph covering the spectral range, 0.2-0.4 μm (0.1-0.2 μm as emitted by galaxies at a redshift, z~1) at a spectral resolution of Δλ=6 A.
Enabling energy storage integration in high power multi-motor applications with active filter solutions

AC drive systems have gained popularity in multi-motor applications including mining industry because the production rate of mines increases by almost 20% compared to DC drive systems. Typically, to supply the AC drive systems several Active Front Ends (AFE) with DC choppers are used to insure a reliable and acceptable harmonic current spectrum operation. Recently, energy storage system integration with the mining equipment has received industry attention, especially for peak load shaving and smarter energy management of the mine. The energy storage system is intended to capture the regenerative energy and reuse it for the motoring operation of the drive. Currently, the regenerative energy is often burnt into the choppers and is not fed back to the grid‥ The industry is motivated to capture this regenerative power since it can be as high as 60% of the motoring power and as high as 24 MW. Therefore, there is a possibility of large cost reduction and component downsizing. However, present status of development seems not to be very promising mainly because energy storage systems, (such as ultracapacitors) are still considered as an add-on part to existing products. In this paper, we propose power conversion configurations, yet robust and reliable for development of the multi-motor mobile mining equipment that has encouraging incentives for both the manufacturer and the mine operator.
Thalamic Relay Functions and Their Role in Corticocortical Communication: Generalizations from the Visual System

All neocortical areas receive thalamic inputs. Some thalamocortical pathways relay information from ascending pathways (first order thalamic relays) and others relay information from other cortical areas (higher order thalamic relays), thus serving a role in corticocortical communication. Most, possibly all, afferents reaching thalamus, ascending and cortical, are branches of axons that innervate lower (motor) centers, so that thalamocortical pathways can be viewed generally as monitors of ongoing motor instructions. In terms of numbers, the thalamic relay is dominated by synapses that modulate the relay functions. One of the roles of these modulatory pathways is to change the transfer of information through the thalamus, in accord with current attentional demands. Other roles remain to be explored. These modulatory functions can be expected to act on corticocortical communication in addition to their action on ascending pathways.
Gemfibrozil-Induced Myopathy

Drug-induced myopathy has been reported with use of lovastatin, nicotinic acid, and clofibrate. A particularly severe form, often accompanied by rhabdomyolysis, has been reported with the use of lovastatin and gemfibrozil; however, as far as we know, no case has been documented with use of gemfibrozil alone. Herein, we report the first case (to our knowledge) of gemfibrozil-induced myopathy, confirmed by drug rechallenge. ( Arch Intern Med . 1991;151:1873-1874)
Prenatal Nicotine Sex-Dependently Alters Agonist-Induced Locomotion and Stereotypy

Abstract This study examined the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure (2 mg/kg/day) via SC osmotic minipumps, gestational days 7–22, on nicotine- and lobeline-induced locomotor activity and stereotypy in 14-day-old rat pups. Prenatal nicotine exposure increased fetal mortality and produced decreases in weight gain apparent after weaning, but did not affect acquisition of developmental milestones. Compared to male pups prenatally exposed to saline, those prenatally exposed to nicotine and challenged with nicotine (1 mg/kg, IP) exhibited significantly greater locomotor activity, whereas a lobeline challenge (1 mg/kg, SC) produced significantly greater stereotypy. No effects of prenatal exposure were observed on locomotor activity or stereotypy in females. Results suggest that 1) central control of motor function may be more vulnerable to prenatal nicotine in males, and 2) nicotine and lobeline possess distinct pharmacological profiles.
Boolean spaces with countable base but uncountably many orbits

We construct two Boolean spaces with countable bases which have continuum many orbits. Two points are in the same orbit iff there is a homeomorphism of the space which carries one to the other. One of our examples is a primitive Boolean space. J. Donald Monk posed these problems. We don't know if there is a countably based Boolean space with exactly ℵ1 orbits.
A study of some spectroscopic properties of group iva acetylides

Abstract Ionization and appearance potentials, proton NMR chemical shifts and characteristic vibrational stretching frequencies have been measured for (CH 3 ) 3 CCCH, (CH 3 ) 3 SnCCH, (CH 3 ) n Si(CCH) 4− n , and (CH 3 n Ge(CCH) 4− n where n = 0–3. Analysis of these spectral results reveals strong influences from both the type of central atom and the number of acetylene groups, which may be explained by electronegativity changes and by the interaction of the π-orbitals of the unsaturated moiety with the unfilled higher orbitals of the central atom.
Impact of StatLock securing device on symptomatic catheter-related urinary tract infection: A prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial

Background The objective of this study was to assess the impact of using the StatLock securing device on symptomatic catheter-related urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods In this prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial, adult patients with spinal cord injury or dysfunction because of multiple sclerosis were randomized to have their indwelling bladder catheters secured in place by using the StatLock device (experimental group) versus preexisting methods (control group that included tape, Velcro strap, CathSecure, or none). Patients were monitored for the development of symptomatic UTI within the subsequent period of 8 weeks. Results Of a total of 127 enrolled patients, 118 (60 in the experimental group and 58 in the control group) were evaluable. The 2 groups of evaluable patients were comparable in terms of clinical characteristics and risk factors for infection. Symptomatic UTI was diagnosed in 8 of 60 (13.3%) patients in the experimental group versus 14 of 58 (24.1%) patients in the control group (P = .16; RR = 0.55, 95% confidence interval: 0.25-1.22). Conclusion Although the trial size precluded the demonstration of statistically significant differences, the finding of a 45% reduction in the rate of symptomatic UTI in patients who received the StatLock securing device is clinically relevant and prompts further investigations.
Dissociative Attachment of Electrons to Hot Oxygen

Crossed beam experiments on dissociative attachment to form ${\mathrm{O}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ions in collisions of electrons with oxygen molecules are described. In these experiments the temperature of the oxygen beam source was varied and very strong changes in the cross section as a function of temperature were displayed indicating marked enhancement of the cross section with increasing internal energy in the ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ prior to the collision with the electron. A separate thermal equilibrium experiment verified the accepted affinity of ground state ${\mathrm{O}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, and experiments using free jet expansion of the heated ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ indicated that the form of internal energy responsible for the enhancement of the cross section is vibrational excitation, in accord with the theory given by T.F. O'Malley. Absolute determinations of the cross sections at different temperatures were made and found to be in accord with O'Malley's predictions.
Rawls's Thin (Millean) Defense of Private Property

This article suggests that Rawls's break with early utilitarians is not so much over the greatest happiness principle as it is over the relation of the institution of private property to justice. In this respect Rawls is very close to John Stuart Mill, arguing for a cleansed or tamed version of the institution. That said, Rawls's defense of private property remains very thin and highly idealized, again following Mill. If Hume and Bentham fail to demonstrate their claims, Rawls and Mill do little better. Rawls, like Mill, has constructed a challenging standard, admits to severe limitations on our empirical knowledge, and remains deeply ambivalent over the role of private property.
X-ray and IR Spectroscopy of Barium-Promoted, Zeolite-Supported Ruthenium Catalysts for Ammonia Synthesis

Several different zeolite-supported Ru catalysts for ammonia synthesis were characterized by X-ray and infrared absorption spectroscopy. The samples were composed of 1−2 wt % Ru supported on either KX or BaX zeolites. In one case, barium was added to Ru/BaX in excess of ion-exchange capacity. For comparison, cesium-promoted Ru/MgO was also examined. The turnover frequency for ammonia synthesis at 20.7 atm over zeolite-supported Ru increased by over an order of magnitude after adding Ba to the catalysts and approached that of the highly active Cs-promoted MgO catalyst. Analysis of Ru K edge EXAFS recorded at low temperature in H2 indicated that the zeolite-supported Ru clusters were about 1 nm in diameter, regardless of barium loading. The average Ru−Ru coordination number was 4.8 at an interatomic distance of 2.61 A. Adding barium to Ru/BaX beyond ion-exchange capacity caused new features to appear in the Ru EXAFS that were attributed to the interaction of oxygen atoms with Ru clusters at a distance of 1....
Management of Dysarthria and Dysphagia in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Abstract Purpose: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurologic disease that frequently affects speech and swallowing. The purpose of this article is to emphasize the role of the speech-language pathologist (SLP) in management of the progressive speech and swallowing symptoms. Methods: A review of the neurologic degeneration and resulting symptoms of ALS are presented, including the cognitive, sensory and speech-language changes that accompany the progressive motor impairment. The important role of the SLP on a multidisciplinary team is described. Approaches to management of both swallowing and speech are discussed. Results and Conclusions: ALS is a progressive, degenerative neurologic disease. SLPs play a vital role in helping patients maintain effective communication and manage dysphagia symptoms.
SCREENING OF AVERAGE-RISK INDIVIDUALS FOR COLORECTAL CANCER AND POSTOPERATIVE EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER

Colorectal cancer screening of average-risk adults has at last been shown to be a cost-effective prevention strategy. Although universally performed, postoperative diagnostic screening in colorectal cancer patients has not been demonstrated to diminish overall mortality. Such screening often leads to second look surgery, with many anecdotal successes but again no evidence that overall mortality is reduced. The cost of such interventions is at least $1 billion per year in the United States and could be double that. The research needed to support postoperative screening and surgery is feasible and economically easily justified. The endpoints must just be shifted from that of previous studies, which have focused on sensitivity of screening techniques, to mortality.
Optical clock with lattice-confined Sr atoms

We will discuss the latest development of an accurate optical atomic clock using ultracold Sr atoms confined in a magic wavelength optical lattice, focusing on the progress in the control of collisional frequency shift.
Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Kidney transplant is the preferred treatment of pediatric end-stage renal disease. One of the most challenging aspects of pediatric kidney transplant is the prevention and treatment of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR), which is one of the main causes of graft dysfunction and early graft loss. Most challenges are similar to those faced in adult kidney transplants; however, factors unique to the pediatric realm include naivety of the immune system and the small number of studies and randomized controlled trials available when considering pharmacological treatment options. Here, we present a case of ABMR in a pediatric patient and a review of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of ABMR. ABMR in pediatric kidney transplant continues to be a frustrating condition to treat because (1) there still remain many unidentified potential antigens leading to ABMR, (2) children and adults are at different stages of their immune system development, and, thus, (3) the full pathophysiology of alloimmunity is still not completely understood, and (4) the efficacy and safety of treatment in adults may not be directly translated to children. As we continue to gain a better understanding towards the precise alloimmune mechanism that drives a particular ABMR, we can also improve pharmacotherapeutic choices. With continued research, they will become more precise in treating a particular mechanism versus using a broad scope of immunosuppression such as steroids. However, there is much more to be uncovered, such as identifying more non-human leukocyte antigens and their role in alloimmunity, determining the exact mechanism of adults achieving complete operational tolerance, and understanding the difference between pediatric and adult transplant recipients. Making strides towards a better understanding of these mechanisms will lead to continued efficacy and safety in treatment of pediatric ABMR.
Sources of Resistance to Mergers Between Groups1

Workers involved in a business merger often display strong ingroup/outgroup biases that can threaten the merger's success. Social identity theory helps to explain why and when such problems will occur. Using that theory, strong cohesion and successful performance were identified as two characteristics of a workgroup that should increase its resistance to a merger. An experiment involving mergers between small task groups was conducted to test this claim. Each group's cohesion and performance was used to predict its enthusiasm for a merger before it occurred, and any ingroup/outgroup biases that it displayed afterwards. Cohesion was unrelated to either of these measures, but as we predicted, more successful groups were less enthusiastic and displayed stronger biases. Relative rather than absolute success was an especially good predictor of merger resistance. The results were discussed within the context of social identity theory, which generated several suggestions for further research on business mergers.