cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toward multi-label sentiment analysis: a transfer learning based approach

Sentiment analysis is recognized as one of the most important sub-areas in Natural Language Processing (NLP) research, where understanding implicit or explicit sentiments expressed in social media contents is valuable to customers, business owners, and other stakeholders. Researchers have recognized that the generic sentiments extracted from the textual contents are inadequate, thus, Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) was coined to capture aspect sentiments expressed toward specific review aspects. Existing ABSA methods not only treat the analytical problem as single-label classification that requires a fairly large amount of labelled data for model training purposes, but also underestimate the entity aspects that are independent of certain sentiments. In this study, we propose a transfer learning based approach tackling the aforementioned shortcomings of existing ABSA methods. Firstly, the proposed approach extends the ABSA methods with multi-label classification capabilities. Secondly, we propose an advanced sentiment analysis method, namely Aspect Enhanced Sentiment Analysis (AESA) to classify text into sentiment classes with consideration of the entity aspects. Thirdly, we extend two state-of-the-art transfer learning models as the analytical vehicles of multi-label ABSA and AESA tasks. We design an experiment that includes data from different domains to extensively evaluate the proposed approach. The empirical results undoubtedly exhibit that the proposed approach outperform all the baseline approaches.
Quantifying Single-Ion Transport in Percolated Ionic Aggregates of Polymer Melts

Single-ion conducting polymers such as ionomers are promising battery electrolyte materials, but it is critical to understand how rates and mechanisms of free cation transport depend on the nanosca...
In-situ measurement of irradiation behavior in LiNbO3

Abstract In-situ measurement of LiNbO3 based surface acoustic wave (SAW) crystal resonator device under irradiation was demonstrated and used to characterize the impact of radiation on physical properties of this material. The resonant frequency of the SAW device was monitored as the output power of the reactor was varied. Upon step increase of the reactor power, a gradual shift in the device’s resonant frequency was observed. This frequency shift initially exhibits a linear growth and eventually reaches an equilibrium value proportional to the reactor power. The observed behavior can be attributed to two competing processes: increase of temperature due to gamma heating or accumulation of irradiation induced defects. In both cases, the response is attributed to changes in the physical properties of LiNbO3, particularly the elastic constants. This demonstrated ability to measure materials properties under irradiation is attractive for development of sensors and performing materials science under irradiation.
Implications of MYC Rearrangements in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma

Purpose: Rearrangements involving the MYC protooncogene are common in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, but their prognostic significance is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of MYC rearrangement on clinical characteristics, treatment response, and survival in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Experimental Design: This is a retrospective study including 1,342 patients seen in Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, from January 2006 to January 2018, who had cytogenetic testing by FISH at diagnosis, including MYC testing using the break apart FISH probe (8q24.1). Results: A rearrangement involving MYC was found in 8% of patients and was associated with elevated β2-microglobulin, ≥50% bone marrow plasma cells, IgA multiple myeloma, and the cooccurrence of trisomies. There were no differences in overall response rates between patients with and without MYC rearrangement when induction chemotherapy was proteasome inhibitor (PI)-based, immunomodulatory drug (IMiD)-based or PI + IMiD-based. Overall survival was shorter in patients with MYC rearrangement compared with patients without MYC rearrangement (5.3 vs. 8.0 years, P Conclusions: MYC rearrangement is associated with high disease burden and is an independent adverse prognostic factor in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.
Transitions from One Electronic Health Record to Another: Challenges, Pitfalls, and Recommendations.

Objective We address the challenges of transitioning from one electronic health record (EHR) to another—a near ubiquitous phenomenon in health care. We offer mitigating strategies to reduce unintended consequences, maximize patient safety, and enhance health care delivery. Methods We searched PubMed and other sources to identify articles describing EHR-to-EHR transitions. We combined these references with the authors' extensive experience to construct a conceptual schema and to offer recommendations to facilitate transitions. Results Our PubMed query retrieved 1,351 citations: 43 were relevant for full paper review and 18 met the inclusion criterion of focus on EHR-to-EHR transitions. An additional PubMed search yielded 1,014 citations, for which we reviewed 74 full papers and included 5. We supplemented with additional citations for a total of 70 cited. We distinguished 10 domains in the literature that overlap yet present unique and salient opportunities for successful transitions and for problem mitigation. Discussion There is scant literature concerning EHR-to-EHR transitions. Identified challenges include financial burdens, personnel resources, patient safety threats from limited access to legacy records, data integrity during migration, cybersecurity, and semantic interoperability. Transition teams must overcome inadequate human infrastructure, technical challenges, security gaps, unrealistic providers' expectations, workflow changes, and insufficient training and support—all factors affecting potential clinician burnout. Conclusion EHR transitions are remarkably expensive, laborious, personnel devouring, and time consuming. The paucity of references in comparison to the topic's salience reinforces the necessity for this type of review and analysis. Prudent planning may streamline EHR transitions and reduce expenses. Mitigating strategies, such as preservation of legacy data, managing expectations, and hiring short-term specialty consultants can overcome some of the greatest hurdles. A new medical subject headings (MeSH) term for EHR transitions would facilitate further research on this topic.
Angiographic cerebral venous sinus calibers and drainage patterns in patients with normal intracranial pressure and idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Background Normative venous sinus diameters are not well established. This study seeks to compare two-dimensional digital subtraction cerebral angiographic (DSA) venous sinus calibers for patients with normal intracranial pressure (ICP) and with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Methods Patients who underwent diagnostic cerebral angiography from 2016 to 2020 were retrospectively identified. Two independent reviewers measured venous sinus calibers from anteroposterior (AP) and lateral carotid injection delayed venous phase in patients from two groups (group 1: patients with normal ICP; group 2: patients with IIH) after receiving training in a standardized measurement protocol, with measurements obtained from the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) through the sigmoid sinuses (SS). Results 97 patients from group 1 and 30 patients from group 2 were included. Interrater reliability was greater than 0.75 for all measured sites. Both groups had similar anatomical subtypes with most being right transverse sinus (TS) dominant or codominant. In group 1, men had significantly larger SSS on lateral view (p Conclusions This study is the first to provide two-dimensional DSA dural venous sinus calibers in patients with and without IIH and to compare anatomical drainage types and calibers among groups.
Stability of Frames Under Primary Bending Moments

The buckling strength of a rectangular frame subjected to loads that produce primary bending moments in the members is examined. Both the symmetrical and antisymmetrical modes are considered in the...
An analysis of the management and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

BackgroundPostoperative nausea and vomiting significantly increases recovery time, reduces patient satisfaction, and increases time to discharge. Consensus guidelines for the management of postoper...
Particle emission with identification from an atmospheric pressure plasma liquid interface

A conspicuous emission phenomenon of luminous particles from the liquid anode surface of an atmospheric pressure DC glow discharge is reported. The emission has been shown to occur when the plasma forms a pattern on the surface of the liquid electrolyte. The spatial-temporal evolutions of the trajectories of emitted particles were studied using a high-speed imaging system. Particles were sampled in flight using a witness plate for analysis. Critical particle characteristics were examined using electron microscope technologies. The morphology of the resulting splats and compositions suggest that they are molten droplets with a great deal of structure, including evidence of nanoprecipitation. A theoretical model was employed to estimate the particle size from the measured splats, which provides a radius range within a hundred micrometers. This experiment leads to the postulation of a mechanism in which particle emission at the plasma liquid interface is likely driven by the Taylor cone effect.
Shelley's Textual Seductions: Plotting Utopia in the Erotic and Political Works

Acknowledgments Preface 1. Introduction: Situating the Erotic: The Places and Spaces of Excess 2. Shelley's Agenda Writ Large: Reconsidering Edipus Tyrannus or, Swellfoot the Tyrant 3. Tyranny and Liberation, or Rigidity and Ooziness: Physical and Psychological Landscapes in the Cenci and Julian and Maddalo 4. Revolutionary Landscapes and the Politics of Love: Epipsychidion as Erotic Cartography 5. Plotting Utopia: Pleasure and Displacement in Laon and Cythna and Prometheus Unbound 6. Conclusion, Re-tracing Seduction: The Influence of Shelley on Nineteenth-Century British Culture List of abbreviations References Index
Preferences for visible white sclera in adults, children and autism spectrum disorder children: implications of the cooperative eye hypothesis ☆

Abstract Visible white sclera (i.e., the opaque white outer coat enclosing the eyeball) is a uniquely human trait. An explanation for why such coloration evolved has been put forward by the Cooperative Eye Hypothesis (Kobayashi and Hashiya, 2011; Kobayashi and Kohshima, 1997, 2001; Tomasello et al., 2007), which states that visible white sclera evolved to facilitate communication via joint attention and signaling of gaze direction. Therefore, we hypothesized that viewers comprised of both typically developing children and adults would show reliable preferences for stimuli with visible white sclera. However, because autism spectrum disorder (ASD) individuals have impaired social cognition and show gaze aversion, we also hypothesized that ASD children would show no consistent preference for eyes with visible white sclera. We tested these hypotheses by obtaining participants' preferences across six sets of stuffed animals, identical but for the manipulation of eye size, eye color, and presence of visible sclera. Both hypotheses were supported. In addition to providing evidence consistent with the Cooperative Eye Hypothesis, our results also suggest that eyes and gaze serve a central role in social cognition. Furthermore, our results from ASD children have practical applications for therapeutic practices and evidence-based interventions.
Sensitive n 2 Measurements Using a Single Beam

We present a sensitive single beam technique for measuring nonlinear refraction in a variety of materials that offers simplicity, sensitivity and speed. The transmittance of a sample is measured through a finite aperture in the far-field as the sample is moved along the propagation path (z) of a focused Gaussian beam. The sign and magnitude of the nonlinearity is easily deduced from such a transmittance curve (Z-scan). Employing this technique a sensitivity of better than A/300 wavefront distortion is achieved in n2 measurements of BaF2 using picosecond visible laser pulses.
Why Don't Sheep Shrink When It Rains? A Further Collection of Photocopier Folklore

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Alan Dundes and mp; Carl R. Pagter Year: 2000 Pages: xx + 332 Publisher: Syracuse University Press Prices: $24.95
Testing and parameterizing a conceptual model for solute transport in a fractured granite using multiple tracers in a forced-gradient test

[1] A cross-hole tracer test involving the simultaneous injection of two nonsorbing solute tracers with different diffusion coefficients (bromide and pentafluorobenzoate) and a weakly sorbing solute tracer (lithium ion) was conducted in a fractured granite near an underground nuclear test cavity in central Nevada. The test was conducted to (1) test a conceptual radionuclide transport model for the site and (2) obtain transport parameter estimates for predictive modeling. The differences between the responses of the two nonsorbing tracers (when normalized to injection masses) are consistent with a dual-porosity transport system in which matrix diffusion is occurring. The large concentration attenuation of the sorbing tracer relative to the nonsorbing tracers suggests that diffusion occurs primarily into matrix pores, not simply into stagnant water within the fractures. The relative responses of the tracers at late times suggest that the diffusion-accessible matrix pore volume is possibly limited to only half the total volume of the flow system, implying that the effective retardation factor due to matrix diffusion may be as small as 1.5 for nonsorbing solutes in the system. The lower end of the range of possible sorption Kd values deduced from the lithium response is greater than the upper 95% confidence bound of Kd values measured in laboratory sorption tests using crushed granite from the site. This result suggests that the practice of using laboratory sorption data in field-scale transport predictions of cation-exchanging radionuclides, such as 137Cs+ and 90Sr++, should be conservative for the SHOAL site.
Using the RELAP5/MOD2 Code Under Low-Pressure/Low-Temperature Loss-of-Coolant-Accident Conditions

This paper describes how the RELAP5 thermal-hydraulic transient code has been applied to a reactor safety analysis of a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) to a reactor with thin fuel plates operating at highly subcooled conditions, --75{sup 0}C below boiling temperatures at operating pressure, 25{sup 0}C below boiling conditions at atmosphere pressure that occurs immediately following the LOCA. Depressurization is not the critical issue in this case, but plate boiling and reflooding and mixing of vapor and liquid streams are the critical aspects of the calculation. The analysis of the results shows the sensitivity of the calculation to the time periods of the steam chugging effects in the water channels between fuel plates. This MOD2 version is the first version which which the authors found consistency and realism in the results calculated for these very difficult transient conditions.
The call of blood

L’appel du sangLa propagande gouvernementale et la reponse de l’opinion publique a l’entree de l’Union sovietique dans la Seconde Guerre mondialeCet essai examine comment le theme des minorites ethniques a ete developpe dans les negociations germano-sovietiques au cours des semaines qui ont abouti a l’entree en guerre de l’Union sovietique et a la signature, le 28 septembre 1939, du traite germano-sovietique de delimitation et d’amitie. Il discute aussi de l’utilisation de la carte d’identite nationale par la propagande sovietique interieure et, enfin, il etudie de pres l’impact de la question de la nationalite sur l’opinion publique sovietique. Ceci amene a poser deux questions de plus large portee. La premiere a trait au lien qui unit la politique interieure et la politique etrangere de l’Union sovietique. La seconde est relative a la variete des reponses que le public sovietique pouvait opposer a la politique gouvernementale a l’epoque du stalinisme. L’essai temoigne ainsi de la surprise de Stalin et de ses conseillers par la proposition allemande du 23 aout 1939 de diviser la Pologne en zones d’influence ou d’occupation ; il releve aussi que la perception du monde par les autorites sovietiques – celles-ci voyaient, certes, un ensemble d’Etats mais aussi un conglomerat de nationalites –, a defini l’etendue de l’expansion territoriale sovietique en septembre 1939. Par ailleurs, il note que dans les premieres semaines de la guerre, les changements operes dans la politique etrangere sovietique induisirent une modification de la rhetorique gouvernementale sur la question des nationalites. Cette modification aida le regime a coopter un secteur de l’opinion publique auparavant hostile a sa politique, tant interieure qu’etrangere, et amena quelques segments de la population a reagir a cette politique d’une facon qui ne peut etre classee dans les categories habituelles de resistance ou de soumission aux regles.
Phospholipase A2 and 3H-hemicholinium-3 binding sites in rat brain: a potential second-messenger role for fatty acids in the regulation of high-affinity choline uptake.

The involvement of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and fatty acid release in the regulation of sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake in rat brain was assessed in vitro through the use of the specific binding of 3H-hemicholinium-3 (3H-HCh-3). Addition of arachidonic acid and other unsaturated fatty acids to rat striatal membranes in vitro resulted in a dose-dependent, temperature-independent activation of 3H-HCh-3 binding. Scatchard analysis revealed that these changes in binding result from a 2-fold increase in the affinity and capacity of 3H-HCh-3 binding. Saturated fatty acids, lysophospholipids, and phospholipids did not affect specific 3H-HCh-3 binding. Addition of defatted BSA to membranes, which had been treated previously with arachidonic acid, completely reversed the increase in specific 3H-HCh-3 binding. However, several inhibitors of fatty acid metabolism, including nordihydroguaiaretic acid, indomethacin, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, did not alter arachidonic acid-induced changes in 3H-HCh-3 binding, suggesting that unsaturated fatty acids, and not their metabolites, are directly responsible for the observed activation of specific 3H-HCh-3 binding. Additionally, unsaturated fatty acids dose- dependently inhibited high-affinity 3H-choline uptake in rat striatal synaptosomes, apparently due to the disruption of synaptosomal integrity. The phospholipase A2 inhibitors quinacrine hydrochloride, trifluoperazine, and 4-bromophenacylbromide dose-dependently inhibited potassium depolarization-induced activation of specific 3H-HCh-3 binding in slices of rat brain in vitro. Similarly, both quinacrine and trifluoperazine inhibited the metabolism of phospholipids and the release of fatty acids evoked by either elevated KCl or calcium ionophore A23187. These results support the involvement of PLA2 and subsequent fatty acid release in the increase of 3H-HCh-3 binding in cholinergic neurons and suggest that activation of PLA2 may be the penultimate step in regulating the velocity of sodium-dependent choline transport.
Energy distribution of H − from the collision-induced three-particle breakup of H 3 +

We have measured the laboratory energy distribution of ${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ produced by the collision-induced dissociation of ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}^{+}$ from He targets for incoming beam energies ranging from 2.417 to 7.0 keV. An approximate projectile frame energy distribution of ${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ is also obtained. The most probable ${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ projectile frame energy is estimated to be approximately 0.75 eV. We have also determined, from the shift in the position of the ${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ laboratory peaks, an inelastic energy loss of 60\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}12 eV for the excited ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}^{+}$ ions producing near zero kinetic energies of ${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ in the projectile frame. Our results suggest that ${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ is produced by the electronic excitation of ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}^{+}$ with subsequent dissociation into ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$+${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$+${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$. In this case the motion of the two ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ ions is highly correlated. For the most probable c.m. energy of ${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, we put a lower limit of 163\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} on the correlation angle between the protons in the c.m. of dissociating ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}^{+}$.
Quantitative measurements of HER2 and phospho-HER2 expression: correlation with pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab

Preoperative therapy with chemotherapy and the HER2-targeted monoclonal antibody trastuzumab is valuable for patients with large or locally advanced HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancers but traditional methods of measuring HER2 expression do not accurately stratify patients for likelihood of response. Quantitative immunofluorescent approaches have the potential to provide a mathematically continuous measure of HER2. Here we seek to determine whether quantitative measurement of HER2 or phospho-HER2 correlates with likelihood of response to trastuzumab- containing neoadjuvant therapy. We evaluated core biopsy samples from 27 HER2+ breast cancer patients enrolled in a preoperative clinical trial using trastuzumab, nab-paclitaxel and carboplatin combination therapy (BrUOG BR-211B (NCT00617942)). Tumor core biopsies were taken before initiation of treatment and 9–13 days after patients received "run-in" doses of either single agent trastuzumab or nab-paclitaxel. The AQUA method of quantitative immunofluorescence was used for analysis of in situ protein expression. Patients then received 18 weeks of treatment, followed by surgery to assess pathologic response to the neoadjuvant regimen. A HER2 score of 2111 by AQUA analysis has been shown to be equivalent to HER2 3+ by immunohistochemical staining in previous studies. Of 20 evaluable patients, 10 cases who achieved a pathologic complete response (pathCR) with neoadjuvant treatment had a mean HER2 level of 10251 compared with 4766 in the patients without pathCR (p = 0.0021). Measurement of phospho-HER2 showed no difference in pathCR vs non-pathCR groups. In 9 patients who had HER2 levels repeated after a single treatment with trastuzumab there was no evidence of a reduction in the HER2 or phospho-HER2 levels following that exposure. High levels of HER2 are associated with achievement of a pathCR in the preoperative setting, while levels of Phospho-HER2 were not predictive of response. This data suggests that accurate measurement of HER2 may help determine the likelihood of response in the pre-surgical setting. Further validation in larger cohorts is required, but this pilot data shows the feasibility of this approach.
Universal Multifunctional Initiator Containing Orthogonal Reactive Sites. Synthesis of Macromonomers and Comb Polymers Using Consecutive Controlled Free Radical and Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerizations

A multifunctional reagent (1) containing orthogonal reactive sites that could serve as an initiator for multiple living polymerizations, namely, controlled free radical, anionic, and cationic polymerizations, and a source for a variety of macromonomers, including those for condensation polymerization and functional polymers, has been designed and synthesized in three steps in good yields. The reagent contained an alkoxyamine derived from 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yloxyl (TEMPO), an oxazoline, and a protected hydroxyl group. Thus, initiation of controlled free radical polymerization of styrene at the alkoxyamine terminal gave a polystyrene (PS) macromonomer with low polydispersity (Mw/Mn = 1.06−1.16). Cationic ring-opening polymerization of the oxazoline group gave an amphiphilic comb polymer with a hydrophilic poly(ethyleneimine) backbone and a hydrophobic PS side chain. The polymers were characterized by GPC, 1H and 13C NMR, and MALDI−TOF mass spectroscopy. The versatility of the structure is such t...
HALO: hop-by-hop adaptive link-state optimal routing

We present HALO, the first link-state routing solution with hop-by-hop packet forwarding that minimizes the cost of carrying traffic through packet-switched networks. At each node $u$ , for every other node $t$ , the algorithm independently and iteratively updates the fraction of traffic destined to $t$ that leaves $u$ on each of its outgoing links. At each iteration, the updates are calculated based on the shortest path to each destination as determined by the marginal costs of the network's links. The marginal link costs used to find the shortest paths are in turn obtained from link-state updates that are flooded through the network after each iteration. For stationary input traffic, we prove that HALO converges to the routing assignment that minimizes the cost of the network. Furthermore, we observe that our technique is adaptive, automatically converging to the new optimal routing assignment for quasi-static network changes. We also report numerical and experimental evaluations to confirm our theoretical predictions, explore additional aspects of the solution, and outline a proof-of-concept implementation of HALO.
Backstepping controlled rectifier for maximum power point tracking in photovoltaic arrays

A grid tied photovoltaic (PV) array is considered for this work. The novelty is in the use of a single-phase controlled rectifier with a backstepping controller to track the maximum power operating point (MPOP) for a string of PV arrays under varying atmospheric conditions. The stability of the controller is demonstrated by means of a Lyapunov analysis. A circuit level simulation demonstrates that the designed converter and control strategy transfers power to the grid by efficiently tracking the MPOP.
Distributed design review in virtual environments

In large distributed corporations, distributed design review offers the potential for cost savings, reduced time to market, and improved efficiency. It also has the potential to improve the design process by enabling wider expertise to be incorporated in design reviews. This paper describes the integration of several components to enable distributed virtual design review in mixed multi-party, heterogeneous multi-site 2D and immersive 3D environments. The system provides higher layers of support for collaboration including avatars, high fidelity audio, and shared artifact manipulation. The system functions across several interface environments ranging from CAVEs to Walls to desktop workstations. At the center of the software architecture is the Human Integrating Virtual Environment (HIVE) [6], a collaboration infrastructure and toolset to support research and development of multi-user, geographically distributed, 2D and 3D shared applications. The HIVE functions with VisualEyes software for visualizing 3D data in virtual environments. We also describe in detail the configuration and lessons learned in a two site, heterogeneous multi-user demonstration of the system between HRL Laboratories in Malibu, California and GM R&D in Warren, Michigan.
Technical advances in laparoscopy: Hand assistance, retractors, and the Pneumodissector

Technology is crucial to the laparoscopic surgeon. Reducing the technical difficulty of laparoscopic procedures is beneficial on many fronts: training is facilitated, operative time is reduced, and the practice of minimally invasive surgery can be further disseminated. Many advances in urologic laparoscopic surgery are attributable to the development of new operative instruments that reduce the technical difficulty. In this article, we highlight three technical advances in laparoscopy. Hand assistance can simplify many laparoscopic procedures. Because the surgeon retains tactile sensation, operative times are reduced compared with standard laparoscopic surgery, with minimal, if any, increase in patient morbidity. Other advances in instrumentation include various laparoscopic retractors and the Pneumodissector, a unique dissecting device. The breadth of retractors extends from reusable metal "fans" to disposable inflated "paddles," with many in between. The metal retractors may be more traumatic to delicate tissues than the inflatable ones but also are more versatile. The Pneumodissector facilitates tissue dissection by releasing short burst of carbon dioxide. It is a safe and effective instrument for blunt tissue dissection. These technical advances have contributed to the progression of laparoscopic urologic procedures. Technology will continue to have a significant impact on the advancement of laparoscopic urology and its potential widespread dissemination.
Differences in Sensitivity between Human, Mouse and Chinese Hamster Cells to Killing by Monochromatic Ultraviolet Light

Irradiation of human (IMR-91), mouse (10T1/2) and Chinese hamster (V79) fibroblasts with monochromatic ultraviolet light (u.v.) in the far-, mid-, and near-u.v. regions resulted in cell-strain-specific changes in sensitivity as a function of the wavelength used. The data suggested cell-strain-specific action spectra for cell killing by ultraviolet light that did not correlate with the ability of examined cells to excise pyrimidine dimers.
Argentine space, Jewish memory: memorials to the blown apart and disappeared in Buenos Aires

Abstract This paper traces a new memory map for Latin America, a map anchored in contemporary events not in pre-Columbian monuments. This paper will focus on Buenos Aires where a painful twentieth-century history of dictatorship, disappearance, and terrorism has given rise to new sites of memory that defy older traditions tied to exclusion and nationalism. The 1994 terrorist bombing of the AMIA community center in Buenos Aires, the most important Jewish building in Latin America, is a particularly knotty instance of the controversies surrounding remembering and forgetting on a continent often marked by narrow, authoritarian views of belonging. This paper will analyse the issues involved in memorial building and the performance of remembering at the site of the AMIA as an example of larger questions of who controls communal remembrance and what paradigms can be used to construct contemporary memory. Jewish memorial practices and the Holocaust play an especially important role in Argentina, entering into a ...
Time course of altered sensitivity to inhibitory and excitatory agonist responses in the longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus and analgesia in the Guinea pig after chronic morphine treatment.

Tolerance that develops after chronic morphine exposure has been proposed to be an adaptive response that develops and decays over a defined time course. The present study examined the development of tolerance to the acute hypothermic and analgesic effects of morphine and correlated the time course for the desensitization in vivo with the reduced responsiveness to DAMGO and 2-CADO and increased responsiveness to nicotine of the longitudinal muscle/myenteric plexus (LM/MP) preparation in vitro. Assessment was performed at various times after morphine or placebo pellet implantation. Morphine produced a modest hypothermic response to which no tolerance developed. However, the development of tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine, the inhibitory effect of DAMGO and CADO on neurogenic twitches of the LM/MP and hypersensitivity to the contractile response to nicotine was observed to occur in a time-dependent manner. The alterations in sensitivity to DAMGO, nicotine and responsiveness to morphine analgesia occurred between days 4 and 10 and returned to normal by day 14 post-implantation. In contrast, sensitivity of LM/MP preparations to 2-CADO displayed a similar time-dependent onset but the tolerance persisted beyond 14 days after implantation. These data suggest that the heterologous tolerance that develops after chronic morphine treatment is time-dependent and persistent but, ultimately returns to normal in the absence of any intervention. Furthermore, the data suggest that the basis of the adaptive phenomenon may involve multiple cellular mechanisms including the modulation of cell excitability and normal physiology but the consequences of the adaptation extend to all effects of the agonist.
Five Years' Experience with Bacterial Endocarditis At the West Virginia University Medical Center*

Twenty-five cases of bacterial endocarditis were treated at the West Virginia University Medical Center between August, 1960 and August, 1965. Clinical and laboratory features of these patients have been discussed. Special emphasis has been placed on the frequency of neurologic complications, on the importance of careful day-to-day search for emboli and on the occasional isolation of unusual pathogenic organisms.
Developing Solutions to Regional Latin America’s Spent Fuel Needs: Supporting the IAEA Mission

Several countries in regional Latin America, including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Peru, have active nuclear programs. Most of these programs involve small research reactors typically used to create various isotopes for medical and research purposes. Until recently, the highly radioactive spent fuel from these reactors was transported to the United States when it was removed from the various reactor sites. The United States has decided to cease acceptance of these waste materials, thereby requiring these Latin American countries to develop their own methods for dealing with the highly radioactive materials. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the arm of the United Nations (UN) that deals with all forms of radioactive materials from weapons inspections to nuclear reactor safety, has undertaken a leadership role in the development of regional Latin America’s spent fuel storage/disposal plan. Acting as an IAEA mission expert, the author of this paper has aided in the development of the teams responsible for the development of both a Type B transportation cask and a long-term storage cask for these materials. This paper will discuss the overall scope and current status of these projects as well as detail the involvement of the author in helping to develop the ability of the design team members to find viable solutions to this problem.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Moral Ambiguity, Christian Sectarianism, and Personal Repentance: Reflections on Richard McCormick's Moral Theology

This article raises three challenges to Richard McCormick's proportionalism. First, adequately to judge proportionate reason requires the specification of a particular background moral content and metaphysical context. Absent such specification, evaluation of proportionate reason is inherently and deeply ambiguous. Second, to resolve such ambiguity and yet remain Christian, proportionalism must adopt a forthrightly Christian moral content set within a straightforwardly Christian metaphysics. This move will, however, set Christian bioethics off as sectarian—a conclusion McCormick wishes to avoid. Third, even if proportionalism were to adopt a Christian moral content and metaphysics to avoid such ambiguity, its methodology sets aside a key aspect of the Christian life: repentance. Proportionalism does not account for the core reality that repentance plays in one's personal encounter with and knowledge of God. As I will argue, the challenge in part is that moral action cannot be adequately conceptualized, nor can moral theology be properly understood, outside of the authentic practice of the religious life, and repentance is central to that Christian reality.
Pericentromeric genes for non‐specific X‐linked mental retardation (MRX)

Extensive linkage analyses in three families with non-specific X-linked mental retardation (MRX) have localized the gene in each family to the pericentromeric region of the chromosome. The MRX17 gene is localized with a peak lod of 2.41 (theta = 0.0) with the trinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the androgen receptor (AR) gene locus. This gene lies in the interval between the markers DXS255 and DXS990, as defined by recombinants. The MRX18 gene maps to the interval between the markers DXS538 and DXS1126, with a peak lod score of 2.01 (theta = 0.0) at the PFC gene locus. In the third family (Family E) with insufficient informative meioses for assignment of an MRX acronym, the maximum lod score is 1.8 at a recombination fraction of zero for several marker loci between DXS207 and DXS426. Exclusions from the regions of marker loci spanning Xq support the localization of the MRX gene in Family E to the pericentromeric region. Localizations of these and other MRX genes have determined that MRX2 and MRX19 map to distal Xp, MRX3, and MRX6 map to distal Xq, whilst the majority cluster in the pericentromeric region. In addition, we confirm that there are at least two distinct MRX genes near the centromere as delineated by the non-overlapping regional localizations of MRX17 and MRX18. Determination of these non-overlapping localizations is currently the only means of classifying non-syndromal forms of mental retardation and determining the minimum number of MRX loci.
Target-less computer vision for traffic signal structure vibration studies

Abstract The presented computer vision method allows for non-contact, target-less determination of traffic signal structure displacement and modal parameters, including mode shapes. By using an analytical model to relate structural displacement to stress, it is shown possible to utilize a rapid set-up and take-down computer vision-based system to infer structural stresses to a high degree of precision. Using this computer vision method, natural frequencies of the structure are determined with accuracy similar to strain gage and string potentiometer instrumentation. Even with structural displacements measured at less than 0.5 pixel, excellent mode shape results are obtained. Finally, one-minute equivalent stress ranges from ambient wind excitation are found to have excellent agreement between the inferred stress from strain gage data and stresses calculated from computer vision tied to an analytical stress model. This demonstrates the ability of this method and implemented system to develop fatigue life estimates using wind velocity data and modest technical means.
Adding a dimension to the infrared spectra of interfaces using heterodyne detected 2D sum-frequency generation (HD 2D SFG) spectroscopy.

In the last ten years, two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy has become an important technique for studying molecular structures and dynamics. We report the implementation of heterodyne detected two-dimensional sum-frequency generation (HD 2D SFG) spectroscopy, which is the analog of 2D infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy, but is selective to noncentrosymmetric systems such as interfaces. We implement the technique using mid-IR pulse shaping, which enables rapid scanning, phase cycling, and automatic phasing. Absorptive spectra are obtained, that have the highest frequency resolution possible, from which we extract the rephasing and nonrephasing signals that are sometimes preferred. Using this technique, we measure the vibrational mode of CO adsorbed on a polycrystalline Pt surface. The 2D spectrum reveals a significant inhomogenous contribution to the spectral line shape, which is quantified by simulations. This observation indicates that the surface conformation and environment of CO molecules is more complicated than the simple “atop” configuration assumed in previous work. Our method can be straightforwardly incorporated into many existing SFG spectrometers. The technique enables one to quantify inhomogeneity, vibrational couplings, spectral diffusion, chemical exchange, and many other properties analogous to 2D IR spectroscopy, but specifically for interfaces.
Experimental Evidence for Metastable Hydrosulfonium Radical H3S

Variable-time neutralization−reionization mass spectrometry is used to generate isotopomers of metastable hydrosulfonium radicals, H3S•, of lifetimes ranging between 0.2 and 2.8 μs. The fractions of metastable H332S•, H334S•, D332S•, D334S•, and D2H32S• increase with the increasing internal energy of the precursor cations. Intramolecular isotope effects favor less of H from D2HS•. Ab initio calculations at the MP2/6-311++G(3df,2p) level indicate existence of symmetry-restricted 2A‘ and 2A‘‘ electronic states of H3S•. Formation of metastable radicals from vibrationally excited precursor ions is discussed.
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) Extract Modulates CHOP/GADD153 to Promote Androgen Receptor Degradation and Decreases Xenograft Tumor Growth

The Mediterranean diet has long been attributed to preventing or delaying the onset of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and various solid organ cancers. In this particular study, a rosemary extract standardized to carnosic acid was evaluated for its potential in disrupting the endoplasmic reticulum machinery to decrease the viability of prostate cancer cells and promote degradation of the androgen receptor. Two human prostate cancer cell lines, 22Rv1 and LNCaP, and prostate epithelial cells procured from two different patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were treated with standardized rosemary extract and evaluated by flow cytometry, MTT, BrdU, Western blot and fluorescent microscopy. A significant modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins was observed in cancer cells while normal prostate epithelial cells did not undergo endoplasmic reticulum stress. This biphasic response suggests that standardized rosemary extract may preferentially target cancer cells as opposed to “normal” cells. Furthermore, we observed standardized rosemary extract to decrease androgen receptor expression that appears to be regulated by the expression of CHOP/GADD153. Using a xenograft tumor model we observed standardized rosemary extract when given orally to significantly suppress tumor growth by 46% compared to mice not receiving standardized rosemary extract. In the last several years regulatory governing bodies (e.g. European Union) have approved standardized rosemary extracts as food preservatives. These results are especially significant as it is becoming more likely that individuals will be receiving standardized rosemary extracts that are a part of a natural preservative system in various food preparations. Taken a step further, it is possible that the potential benefits that are often associated with a “Mediterranean Diet” in the future may begin to extend beyond the Mediterranean diet as more of the population is consuming standardized rosemary extracts.
Global motion mechanisms compensate local motion deficits in a patient with a bilateral occipital lobe lesion

Successive stages of cortical processing encode increasingly more complex types of information. In the visual motion system this increasing complexity, complemented by an increase in spatial summation, has proven effective in characterizing the mechanisms mediating visual perception. Here we report psychophysical results from a motion-impaired stroke patient, WB, whose pattern of deficits over time reveals a systematic shift in spatial scale for processing speed. We show that following loss in sensitivity to low-level motion direction WB's representation of speed shifts to larger spatial scales, consistent with recruitment of intact high-level mechanisms. With the recovery of low-level motion processing WB's representation of speed shifts back to small spatial scales. These results support the recruitment of high-level visual mechanisms in cases where lower-level function is impaired and suggest that, as an experimental paradigm, spatial summation may provide an important avenue for investigating functional recovery in patients following damage to visually responsive cortex.
Dynamic operability of mimo systems with time delays and transmission zeroes—II. Enhancement

Abstract Time delays and right half-plane transmission (RHPT) zeroes limit the ability for perfect control in multivariable systems. A numerical evaluation of the RHPT zeroes is required to assess their effect on the closed-loop performance, while the effect of time delays is assessed by an upper and lower response bound. If the design is found to be poorly operable, dynamic operability can be enhanced only by appropriate process design modifications. Multivariable time delay processes usually have infinite transmission zeroes which makes their numerical determination very difficult. To assess the dynamic operability of these systems, a test has been developed that identifies systems with infinite RHPT zeroes and provides information for their fast computation from asymptotic formulas. This work utilizes these developments to identify process design modifications that enhance the dynamic operability of processes with time delays and infinite RHPT zeroes. Results from the theory of distribution of roots of quasi-polynomials are incorporated in a linear programming formulation to identify which delays of the process should be increased and by how much, to result in one with a most finite RHPT zeroes. In certain cases this method removes all zeroes from the RHP. More restricted delay increases identified from the solution of a mixed integer linear programming problem may achieve an optimum lower response bound as well. It is argued that the limitations imposed on the dynamic operability by nonminimum phase elements should not be studied separately when the design is to be modified, but should be considered simultaneously in a unified approach that addresses the interaction of process design and control. Several examples illustrate these concepts and verifies the results.
Non-enzymatic glycation of type I collagen diminishes collagen-proteoglycan binding and weakens cell adhesion.

Non-enzymatic glycation of type I collagen occurs in aging and diabetes, and may affect collagen solubility, charge, polymerization, and intermolecular interactions. Proteoglycans1(PGs) bind type I collagen and are proposed to regulate fibril assembly, function, and cell-collagen interactions. Moreover, on the collagen fibril a keratan sulfate (KS) PG binding region overlaps with preferred collagen glycation sites. Thus, we examined the effect of collagen modified by simple glycation on PG-collagen interactions. By affinity coelectrophoresis (ACE), we found reduced affinities of heparin and KSPGs for glycated but not normal collagen, whereas the dermatan sulfate (DS)PGs decorin and biglycan bound similarly to both, and that the affinity of heparin for normal collagen decreased with increasing pH. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy revealed normal and glycated collagens to assume triple helical conformations, but heparin addition caused precipitation and decreased triple helical content - effects that were more marked with glycated collagen. A spectrophotometric assay revealed slower polymerization of glycated collagen. However, ultrastructural analyses indicated that fibrils assembled from normal and glycated collagen exhibited normal periodicity, had similar structures and comparable diameter distributions. B-cells expressing the cell surface heparan sulfate PG syndecan-1 adhered well to normal but not glycated collagen, and endothelial cell migration was delayed on glycated collagen. We speculate that glycation diminishes the electrostatic interactions between type I collagen and PGs, and may interfere with core protein-collagen associations for KSPGs but not DSPGs. Therefore in vivo, collagen glycation may weaken PG-collagen interactions, thereby disrupting matrix integrity and cell-collagen interactions, adhesion, and migration.