cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Historical Review of Initial Experience in the Imaging and Pathophysiological Evaluation of Portal Hypertension

The history of portal hypertension began at the Military Medical Academy in St. Petersburg, Russia in 1877, when a 29-year-old surgeon, Nicolai V. Eck, reported performing what today we would call an end-to-side portacaval shunt, but which then was labeled by others an “Eck fistula.” This ingenuous procedure, the very first vascular anastomosis, was devised to answer the question of whether it was safe to ligate the portal vein in humans to control ascites. In a less than two page article, Eck reported his complex technique and meager results in eight dogs: 88% of 1-week operative mortality, and a single 10- week survivor which was lost to follow up. He reported observing gradual improvement in nutritional status and maintenance of perfect health. Eck concluded that portal blood could be diverted directly into the general circulation by what he called “this perfectly safe operation”. And so began more than a century of confusing and conflicting theories and procedures, a period that too often lacked any pathophysiological or imaging studies to support or to refute such concepts or their application to patients.
Political Risk and Firm Experience

Political risk deters foreign direct investment (FDI) and deprives developing countries of much needed capital. However, the negative effect of political risk on FDI in the aggregate masks important variation across different types of risk and different types of multinational firms. I argue that some risks, particularly bureaucratic risk, can be effectively mitigated by firms with the right experience. This leads countries with high levels of bureaucratic risk to attract entry primarily by firms with experience managing bureaucratic in other host countries. Other risks, particularly policy risk, are more difficult to mitigate, and these risks have less effect on the average experience level of entering firms. I test this theory on confidential data from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis that cover the full universe of U.S. outward foreign direct investment from 1990-2009. I find that bureaucratic risk, but not policy risk, is associated with entry by more experienced firms. Both types of risk deter investment, but one does so more selectively. By disaggregating both different political risks and different types of direct investors, we can uncover how different political risks (and therefore different institutions and policies) affect both the pattern and pace of development.
A Matter of Timing

(1961). A Matter of Timing. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 23-24.
Pathophysiology of Premature Skin Aging Induced by Ultraviolet Light

Background Long-term exposure to ultraviolet irradiation from sunlight causes premature skin aging (photoaging), characterized in part by wrinkles, altered pigmentation, and loss of skin tone. Photoaged skin displays prominent alterations in the collagenous extracellular matrix of connective tissue. We investigated the role of matrix-degrading metalloproteinases, a family of proteolytic enzymes, as mediators of collagen damage in photoaging. Methods We studied 59 whites (33 men and 26 women, ranging in age from 21 to 58 years) with light-to-moderate skin pigmentation, none of whom had current or prior skin disease. Only some of the participants were included in each of the studies. We irradiated their buttock skin with fluorescent ultraviolet lights under standard conditions and obtained skin samples from irradiated and nonirradiated areas by keratome or punch biopsy. In some studies, tretinoin and its vehicle were applied to skin under occlusion 48 hours before ultraviolet irradiation. The expression of ...
Experimental Study of Loss Mechanisms in Polymer-Metal Composites at Microwave Frequencies

The microwave heatability of a low loss polymer (polypropylene) was enhanced by the addition of a conductive powder (iron). The effects of the amount (5-40% iron by volume) and size of the conductive particles on the microwave heatability were studied. The complex permittivity and complex permeability at microwave frequencies and the dc resistivity were measured. Samples were also heated in a multimode microwave cavity. Results show that microwave heating increased with increasing iron concentration. However, the penetration depth of the microwaves decreased with increasing iron content, and dramatically decreased when the polypropylene-iron composites became electrically conductive at the percolation threshold.
The null effect of hemorrhage on intestinal absorption of chloride in the presence of sulfate.

SummaryThe absorption of chloride, sulfate and fluid from a mixture of equal parts of isotonic sodium chloride and isotonic sodium sulfate solution was studied in dogs which had suffered a hemorrhage of 3% of their body weightThe percentnges of absorption in control and experimental dogs were, respertively, 69 and 81 of the chloride; 24 and 30 of the sulfate; and 34 and 44 of the fluid.In both control and experimental animals the sulfates showed a definite increase in concentration at the end of the experimental period, the chlorides a definite impoverishment. However, the differences between the control and the experimntal animals were not statistically significant.
Skin lesions and central nervous system diseases.

The recognition of skin lesions is very important and at once projects the physicians diagnostic interest from an apparent surface disability into a much more profound, complex and continuously progressing hopeless illness. In most instances colored illustrations have documented the correlated skin and central nervous system involvement as described here.
Identification of an Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Response Function from Continuously Acquired Electroencephalographic and ICP Signals in Burst-Suppressed Patients.

Continuous intracranial pressure (ICP) and electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring are used in the management of patients with brain injury. It is possible that these two signals could be related through neurovascular coupling. To explore this mechanism, we modeled the ICP response to brain activity by treating spontaneous burst activity in burst-suppressed patients as an impulse, and identified the ICP response function (ICPRF) as the subsequent change in ICP.
Recovering Discourses of National Identity

As chapter 1 shows, the demands of “objective” measurement all too often reduces identity and other social concepts to inadequate proxies. In short, quantitative methods trade validity for reliability. A measure is reliable to the degree that the “measuring procedure yields the same results on repeated trials.” A measure is valid to the extent that “it measures what it purports to measure.” In contrast to quantitative methods, our strategy is to sacrifice some reliability, though not too much, for a large increase in validity.
Chemical Constituents from Pterocarpus soyauxii

Three new benzofurans (1-3) and one new isoflavan (4), pteroyanin G, H, I and J, together with 21 known compounds, were isolated from the heartwood of Pterocarpus soyauxii. Their structures were determined by the NMR and MS spectral data in comparison with literature data. Compounds (1-25) did not show cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines, A549, Panc-28, and HCT-116 (Gl50 > 50 μM).
Optimization of the Chemical Synthesis of Human Ghrelin

Since its initial discovery and characterization as the native growth hormone secretagogue [1], ghrelin GSS(n-octanoyl)FLSPEHQRVQQRKESKKPPAKLQPR has stimulated extensive studies directed toward clarifying its role in feeding, energy balance and growth hormone release [2–5]. A flexible and efficient synthetic procedure was required to produce sufficient quantities of human ghrelin in order to conduct structure-activity studies related to the native peptide. To this end we carried out four separate solid-phase Fmoc/tBu based synthetic protocols which differed with respect to the method of incorporation of the Ser3-octanoyl moiety. The methods were evaluated for yield and purity of final product. In addition, we optimized a procedure for the esterification of the Ser3 side chain with respect to stoichiometry and time course.
Use of Electronic Cigarettes Among U.S. Adults With Medical Comorbidities

Introduction Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is rising in the U.S. Smokers with comorbidities may increasingly use e-cigarettes if they believe e-cigarettes reduce smoking-related harm. This study examined e-cigarette use among adults with medical comorbidities. Methods In 2016, this study analyzed 68,136 U.S. adults in the 2014 and 2015 National Health Interview Survey. Prevalent e-cigarette use by medical comorbidities and adjusted odds of e-cigarette use were calculated. Results Among current cigarette smokers, ever use of e-cigarettes was more often reported by adults with one or more medical comorbidity versus those without comorbidity (18–24 years: 73.5% vs 61.4%; 25–44 years: 60.6% vs 54.3%; 45–64 years: 46.5% vs 40.3%; ≥65 years: 35.2% vs 19.4%; all p p =0.03; 45–64 years, 15.9% vs 11.5%, p =0.02). Current smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and cardiovascular disease had higher odds of ever e-cigarette use versus those without comorbidity. Current smokers with asthma and cardiovascular disease had higher odds of current e-cigarette use. Former smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had higher odds of ever and current e-cigarette use and former smokers with cancer had lower odds of current e-cigarette use. Conclusions E-cigarette use by current and former smokers with medical comorbidities is substantial, especially among individuals with chronic lung or cardiovascular disease. Clinicians should routinely ask these patients about e-cigarette use, actively consider all pathways to help their patients quit combustible cigarettes, and recommend evidence-based treatments.
Abstract CN01-01: Vaccines to prevent breast cancer

The success of vaccines in the prevention of infections has resulted in immune targeting approaches being explored for the prevention and/or treatment of a variety of non-infectious diseases such as Alzheimer9s disease, atherosclerosis, and even nicotine addiction. Vaccines developed for the treatment cancer have been in therapeutic human clinical trials for several years and are, at last, showing some success in randomized Phase III studies giving hope to their ultimate use in cancer prevention. To be effective, vaccines must arm the immune system to target and destroy the disease causing agent. In infections, the pathogen has been defined. In cancer, particularly breast cancer, the etiologic agent is generally unknown. Although the specific cause of a breast cancer may be multifactorial, there are a limited number of genetic alterations that will induce initiation and maintenance of the malignancy. If immunogenic, these proteins involved in breast cancer initiation could serve as vaccine candidates. Recent evidence indicates that Type I immunity, associated with the production of IFN-gamma (g), is needed for cancer eradication. Type I immunity enhances cross priming at the site of cancer initiation by activating local antigen presenting cells (APC) to more efficiently present immunogenic proteins or tumor antigens to T cells. Cross priming is the primary method by which immunity is generated against cancer as tumor cells do not express the recognition molecules needed for immune activation. IFN-g is primarily secreted by CD4+ T-helper 1 cells (Th1). Vaccine strategies designed to elicit tumor antigen specific Th1 immunity have the potential to generate epitope spreading (a broadening of immunity to additional antigens), concurrently stimulate antigen specific cytotoxic (CTL) CD8+ T cells, and establish immunologic memory. Immunologic memory will ensure that the destructive immune response will deploy when the antigen is expressed in the future. Development of vaccines for breast cancer prevention must focus both on the antigen used in vaccination as well as the method of immunization to ensure the appropriate immune response is generated. One approach is to target immunogenic proteins expressed in ductal carcinoma in situ or high risk hyperproliferative breast lesions. We developed a multi-antigen polyepitope vaccine targeting immunogenic proteins associated with pre-invasive breast cancer or hyperproliferative lesions and assessed whether we could prevent the development of breast cancer in middle aged TgMMTV-neu mice. The multi-antigen vaccine inhibited tumor growth in 50-80% of mice and was superior to individual antigen immunizations in protecting mice against breast cancer (p Citation Format: Mary L. (Nora) Disis. Vaccines to prevent breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr CN01-01.
Racial/ethnic disparities in disability outcomes among post-acute home care patients:

Objective: To examine activities of daily living (ADL) disability outcomes among racially/ethnically diverse elders receiving home care (HC) after hospitalization. Method: We conducted a retrospect...
Primary salivary gland‐type tumors of the tracheobronchial tree diagnosed by transbronchial fine needle aspiration: Clinical and cytomorphologic features with histopathologic correlation

BACKGROUND Primary salivary gland-type tumors of the tracheobronchial tree are rare; their cytologic features have been seldom reported. We aim to describe the clinical and cytomorphologic features of tracheobronchial salivary gland-type tumors diagnosed by transbronchial fine needle aspiration (TBNA) at our institution, and correlate the findings with a corresponding surgical specimen. METHODS We searched our laboratory information system to identify patients with a primary salivary gland-type neoplasm of the tracheobronchial tree diagnosed by TBNA and with a corresponding surgical pathology specimen, over 10 years. RESULTS The study cohort consisted of 11 patients (7F/4M; mean age 58 years, range 41-78). Presenting symptoms included hemoptysis (4), cough (3), dyspnea (1), stridor (1), and shoulder pain (1). Most had a tracheal mass (5), while 3 had mainstem bronchi masses and 3 had lung masses. Radiographically, the masses were lobulated, rounded, or polypoid in six patients. All underwent TBNA with a 21- or 22-gauge needle and endobronchial biopsy. The most frequent diagnosis was adenoid cystic carcinoma (4/11, 36%), followed by mucoepidermoid carcinoma (3/11, 27%), epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (2/11, 18%), oncocytoma (1/11, 9%), and hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma, salivary gland type (1/11, 9%). The surgical pathology specimens confirmed the diagnosis in all cases. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is one of the largest cytomorphologic studies of primary salivary gland tumors of the tracheobronchial tree in the literature. Salivary gland tumors of the tracheobronchial tree are rare, and recognizing cytomorphologic changes that occur in salivary gland-type tumors is important for establishing a definitive diagnosis.
Changing the Way We Pay for Health Care: Is Value the New Plastic?

DISCLOSURES: Navarro is a clinical professor in the College of Pharmacy at the University of Florida, Gainesville, and is an assistant editor with the Journal of Managed Care and Specialty Pharmacy. Navarro reports consulting fees from Analysis Group, Amgen, Novartis, and Allergan.
Adipose-derived stem cells attenuate pulmonary microvascular hyperpermeability after smoke inhalation

Background Pulmonary edema is a hallmark of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Smoke inhalation causes ARDS, thus significantly increasing the mortality of burn patients. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) exert potent anti-inflammatory properties. The goal of the present study was to test the safety and ecfficacy of ASCs, in a well-characterized clinically relevant ovine model of ARDS. Methods Female sheep were surgically prepared. ARDS was induced by cooled cotton smoke inhalation. Following injury, sheep were ventilated, resuscitated with lactated Ringer’s solution, and cardiopulmonary hemodynamics were monitored for 48 hours in a conscious state. Pulmonary microvascular hyper-permeability was assessed by measuring lung lymph flow, extravascular lung water content, protein content in plasma and lung lymph fluid. Sheep were randomly allocated to two groups: 1) ASCs: infused with 200 million of ASCs in 200mL of PlasmaLyteA starting 1 hours post-injury, n = 5; 2) control, treated with 200mL of PlasmaLyteA in a similar pattern, n = 5. Results Lung lymph flow increased 9-fold in control sheep as compared to baseline. Protein in the plasma was significantly decreased, while it was increased in the lung lymph. The treatment with ASCs significantly attenuated these changes. Treatment with ASCs almost led to the reversal of increased pulmonary vascular permeability and lung water content. Pulmonary gas exchange was significantly improved by ASCs. Infusion of the ASCs did not negatively affect pulmonary artery pressure and other hemodynamic variables. Conclusions ASCs infusion was well tolerated. The results suggest that intravenous ASCs modulate pulmonary microvascular hyper-permeability and prevent the onset of ARDS in our experimental model.
What Should We Do About Missing Data? (A Case Study Using Logistic Regression with Missing Data on a Single Covariate)

Author(s): Paul, Christopher; Mason, William M.; McCaffrey, Daniel; Fox, Sarah A. | Abstract: Fox et al. (1998) carried out a logistic regression analysis with discrete covariates in which one of the covariates was missing for a substantial percentage of respondents. The missing data problem was addressed using the "approximate Bayesian bootstrap." We return to this missing data problem to provide a form of case study. Using the Fox et al. (1998) data for expository purposes we carry out a comparative analysis of eight of the most commonly used techniques for dealing with missing data. We then report on two sets of simulations based on the original data. These suggest, for patterns of missingness we consider realistic, that case deletion and weighted case deletion are inferior techniques, and that common simple alternatives are better. In addition, the simulations do not affirm the theoretical superiority of Bayesian Multiple Imputation. The apparent explanation is that the imputation model, which is the fully saturated interaction model recommended in the literature, was too detailed for the data. This result is cautionary. Even when the analyst of a single body of data is using a missingness technique with desirable theoretical properties, and the missingness mechanism and imputation model are supposedly correctly specified, the technique can still produce biased estimates. This is in addition to the generic problem posed by missing data, which is that usually analysts do not know the missingness mechanism or which among many alternative imputation models is correct.
Safety of Combined PD-1 Pathway Inhibition and Intracranial Radiation Therapy in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Abstract Introduction Intracranial metastases are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with advanced NSCLC, and are frequently managed with radiation therapy (RT). The safety of cranial RT in the setting of treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has not been established. Methods We identified patients with advanced NSCLC with brain metastases who received cranial RT and were treated with or without programmed cell death 1/programmed death ligand 1 inhibitors between August 2013 and September 2016. RT-related adverse events (AEs) were retrospectively evaluated and analyzed according to ICI treatment status, cranial RT type, and timing of RT with respect to ICI. Results Of 163 patients, 50 (31%) received ICIs, whereas 113 (69%) were ICI naive. Overall, 94 (58%), 28 (17%), and 101 (62%) patients received stereotactic radiosurgery, partial brain irradiation, and/or whole brain RT, respectively. Fifty percent of patients received more than one radiation course. We observed no significant difference in rates of all-grade AEs and grade 3 or higher AEs between the ICI-naive and ICI-treated patients across different cranial RT types (grade ≥3 AEs in 8% of ICI-naive patients versus in 9% of ICI-treated patients for stereotactic radiosurgery [ p = 1.00] and in 8% of ICI-naive patients versus in 10% of ICI-treated patients for whole brain RT [ p = 0.71]). Additionally, there was no difference in AE rates on the basis of timing of ICI administration with respect to RT. Conclusions Treatment with an ICI and cranial RT was not associated with a significant increase in RT-related AEs, suggesting that use of programmed cell death 1/programmed death ligand 1 inhibitors in patients receiving cranial RT may have an acceptable safety profile. Nonetheless, additional studies are needed to validate this approach.
Against the Volunteer Military

This open letter is addressed to the libertarians attending the YAF national convention in St. Louis this Labor Day weekend. Notice I said the libertarians in YAF; I have nothing to say to the so-called "traditionalists" (a misnomer, by the way, for we libertarians have our traditions too, and they are glorious ones. It all depends on which traditions: the libertarian ones of Paine and Price, of Cobden and Thoreau, or the authoritarian ones of Torquemada and Burke and Metternich.) Let us leave the authoritarians to their Edmund Burkes and their Crowns of St. Something-or-other. We have more serious matters to discuss.
High Frequency Data Exposes Nonlinear Seasonal Controls on Dissolved Organic Matter in a Large Watershed

We analyzed a five year, high frequency time series generated by an in situ fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM) sensor installed near the Connecticut River’s mouth, investigating high temporal resolution DOM dynamics in a larger watershed and longer time series than previously addressed. We identified a gradient between large, saturating summer fDOM responses to discharge and linear, subdued responses during colder months. Seasonal response patterns were not consistent with multiple linear regression. Alternatively, we binned measurements across the yearly cycle using environmental indices, such as temperature, and applied moving regression, a novel approach which produced superior fits to calendar day binning. Spatially averaged watershed soil temperature at 10 cm was the best overall index of discharge-fDOM response. DOM fractionation showed fDOM was primarily a surrogate for hydrophobic organic acid (HPOA) concentrations. HPOAs were highly correlated with discharge, but hydrophilics (HPIs) were...
STEM Chalk Talks: Scientific Information Resource Training for all Librarians

ABSTRACTTo serve diverse patron needs, academic librarians need to be familiar with essential information resources in all disciplines. But many librarians, especially those without a science, tech...
The Minimum Entropy Production Principle (1980)

Written in 1979, this work is still too new to have acquired much hindsight-inspired criticism, at least from me. Its rambling, piecemeal character is the result of last-minute radical surgery to meet the length limitation of 10000 words (the article originally written being over 40000). Therefore these comments now break precedent, to describe what this article does not contain, but should have.
Aerosol Particle Scavenging by Fog and Haze Droplets

Droplet imprints in thin gelatin layers have been used for the investigation of coarse particles embedded in fog (haze) droplets in comparison to interstitial particles. Droplet samples were taken in less polluted regions of Missouri and Illinois and also in more polluted marine-urban environment in Italy. Considerable differences in particle size distribution and particle location inside the droplets have been found in samples collected on four sampling sites. The deduced relationships can be applied for the description of the aerosol scavenging process in fogs. The pollution of fog (haze) droplets may be related to the droplet mean volume radius and may depend on temperature and on atmospheric humidity. An orientative study of the deposited particle composition indicated important relationships between coarse particles of different origin (soil minerals, industrial and urban pollutants, sea salt).
Blunt Use among Adolescents and Young Adults: Informing Cigar Regulations.

Objectives We used focus groups to understand cigar product features that increase the appeal of blunts (hollowed out cigars filled with marijuana) among adolescents and young adults. Methods With a standardized focus group guide, we assessed cigar use behaviors and perceptions among lifetime cigar users (N = 47; 8 focus groups separated by sex and age group [adolescents, young adults]) in 2016. We analyzed data related to blunts. Results Overall, 85.5% of the participants had smoked a blunt in the past 30 days (38% used daily). Participants perceived that cheap cigar brands were used primarily for blunts. Cigar product features that made them useful for blunts included wide availability, easy accessibility (easy to bypass underage purchasing restrictions), attractive flavors, inexpensive cost, perforated wrappers that make cigars easy to open, and ability to remove the inner wrapper (also referred to as "cancer paper") to reduce the risk of harm. Conclusions Various product features of cigars make it easy for adolescents and young adults to manipulate them to create blunts. Tobacco regulations that include restrictions on product characteristics, as well as enforcement of prohibition of sales of cigars to underage minors are needed. Youth also need to be educated about harms of blunt use.
Comparison of 30-day Complication Rates between Laparoscopic Myomectomy and Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy for the Treatment of Uterine Leiomyoma in Women Older Than Age 40.

ABSTRACT Study Objective To evaluate whether there are differences in complication rates between laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) and total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) for the treatment of uterine leiomyoma in perimenopausal women. Design A retrospective cohort study using 1:2 propensity score matching (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). Setting American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Patients Women between the ages of 40 and 60 years undergoing surgical laparoscopic surgery for uterine leiomyoma between the years 2010 and 2016. Interventions Women were stratified to either LM or TLH at a ratio of 1:2 using propensity score matching. Descriptive statistics were reported as means with standard deviations. Pairwise analysis using the Student t test and chi-square test was performed where appropriate. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the presence of a complication. Measurements and Main Results After propensity score matching, there were 631 myomectomies and 1262 hysterectomies. The operating time was slightly longer for LM compared with TLH (166.8 ± 90.3 minutes vs 157.9 ± 70.9 minutes, p = .03). The overall complication rate was 6.3%. There were no differences in complications between the LM and TLH groups (5.9% vs 6.6%, p = .54). Urinary tract infections were more common in the TLH group (2.3% vs 0.6%, p = .01). There were no other differences in the rates of specific complications between the 2 groups. On logistic regression, wound class greater than 3 was most strongly associated with a risk of complications (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 8.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–15.87). Other variables associated with an increased risk of complications were conversion to hysterectomy (aOR = 5.91; 95% CI, 1.7–9.63), total operating time (aOR = 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02–1.07), and length of stay over 1 day (aOR = 3.67; 95% CI, 2.31–5.8). Conclusion LM is not associated with an increased risk of complications compared with TLH in women over the age of 40 years undergoing treatment for uterine leiomyomata.
A laboratory project to enhance wood construction and repair understanding in a Part 147 school

American aircraft have always incorporated wood as a primary structural material (FAA, 2018). Although metal has become the leading material in civil aircraft production, approximately 5% of the fleet still uses wood within structural components of the airframe (FAA, 2018). In order to maintain safe, airworthy aircraft, Airframe and Powerplant (A&P) certificated mechanics must be sufficiently trained in methods and practices approved by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The current training requirements for A&P schools list, at minimum, introductory teaching and understanding of wood building and maintenance concepts, but no hands-on projects or technique evaluation (14 C.F.R § 147, 2018). This lack of hands-on education may leave A&P students unprepared as they enter their careers. Due to this discrepancy in training minimums and experience expectations, a new project was developed that better instructed students in the construction, inspection, and repair of wood structures by providing them hands-on experience. This multi-week project involved students, in groups of four, building a 1/8 scale, sitka spruce truss fuselage of a light general aviation aircraft. Students were required to use method, techniques, and practices acceptable to the FAA for wood construction and inspection. Upon completion of their build, students were evaluated for the quality of their workmanship and adherence to design data. Finally, students were asked to anonymously self-evaluate their perceived gains in wood building and inspection techniques.
Crime Victim Service Providers’ Needs and Barriers: Rurality and “High Need”:

The crime victims’ rights movement has led to the development of advocacy, rights, and services for crime victims. A growing body of research has examined victim service provision using victim/clie...
Parental Autonomy, Children with Disabilities, and Horizontal Identities

Ordinarily, parents have broad authority to make medical decisions for their children. This chapter explores whether a child’s disability may sometimes provide a basis for deviating from the legal presumption of parental authority. Drawing on the concept of “horizontal identities” and highlighting the potential roles of disability bias and conflicts of interest, the chapter examines how several concerns may undermine justifications for parental authority to pursue elective medical interventions for their disabled children. After arguing that the presence of several of these concerns in a particular case justifies skepticism regarding the parents’ unfettered discretion to pursue elective interventions, the chapter suggests some ways that parental authority might be constrained or guided in such cases.
Risk and Resiliency Factors Related to Dementia Caregiver Mental Health.

Prevalence rates for dementia are expected to rise exponentially as the elderly population rises. With this comes a corresponding increase in the number of family members who will become dementia caregivers. Caregivers of people with dementia often experience a deterioration in mental health. Identifying factors that relate to caregiver mental health is necessary to develop appropriate interventions. The current study explored how family functioning (measured with a latent variable that includes family cohesion, family balance, and family communication), caregiver expressed emotion (EE), and patient symptom severity related to caregiver mental health (measured with a latent variable that includes depression, anxiety, and stress). Participants included 107 dementia caregivers. The following specific hypotheses were tested: lower levels of both (1) EE and (2) patient symptom severity, and (3) higher levels of family functioning would be related to better caregiver mental health. Results produced a well-fitting model: X2 (18) = 14.858, p = .672; CFI = 1.00; RMSEA = .00; SRMR = .037. Moreover, results indicated that better family functioning (Ɣ = -3.54, SE = 1.34, p = .008), lower levels of caregiver EE (β = .36, SE = 0.07, p < .01), and higher patient symptom severity (β = -3.03, SE = 0.88, p = .001) were related to better caregiver mental health. Results from this study suggest that efforts to bolster family functioning (i.e., enhance communication, promote cohesion, encourage flexibility) could help improve caregiver mental health.
Observed Data Techniques - Approximations Based on Numerical Integration, Laplace Expansions, Monte Carlo and Importance Sampling

For a specific data set, how do we know that the normal approximation is justified? To obtain the marginal density of (θ1,…, where l < d, we integrate over…, to obtain (θ1,…,θ1\Y) = ʃ p(θ1…,θd\Y)dθ1+1…dθd.
Mindfulness is associated with sleep quality among patients with fibromyalgia.

AIM Previous studies suggest higher mindfulness may be associated with better sleep quality in people with chronic pain conditions. However, the relationship between mindfulness and sleep in fibromyalgia patients, who commonly suffer from sleep problems, remains unstudied. We examined the relationship between mindfulness and sleep, and how this relationship may be mediated by depression, anxiety, and pain interference in fibromyalgia patients. METHOD We performed a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a randomized trial in fibromyalgia patients. We measured mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire), sleep quality and disturbance (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI], PROMIS Sleep Disturbance [PROMIS-SD]), pain interference (PROMIS Pain Interference), and anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Pearson correlations were used to examine associations among mindfulness and sleep quality and disturbance. Mediation analysis was conducted to assess whether pain interference, depression, and anxiety mediated the relationship between mindfulness and sleep. RESULTS A total of 177 patents with fibromyalgia were included (93% female; mean age 52 ± 12 years; body mass index 30 ± 7 kg/m2 ; 59% White). Higher mindfulness was associated with better sleep quality and less sleep disturbance (PSQI r = -0.23, P = .002; PROMIS-SD r = -.24, P = .002) as well as less pain interference (r = -.31, P < .0001), anxiety (r = -.58, P < .001), and depression (r = -0.54, P < .0001). Pain interference, depression, and anxiety mediated the association between mindfulness and sleep quality and disturbance. CONCLUSION Higher mindfulness is associated with better sleep in patients with fibromyalgia, with pain interference, depression, and anxiety mediating this relationship. Longitudinal studies are warranted to examine the potential effect of cultivating mindfulness on sleep in fibromyalgia.
Using zebrafish (Danio rerio) to study the behavioral impacts of early bisphenol F exposure reveals decreased swim speed, increased distance between fish, and increased freezing behaviors

The widespread use of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been a source of concern because of their various effects on the endocrine system. These effects include metabolic disorders, complications in reproductive health, hormone-related cancers, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Of particular concern is bisphenol A (BPA), a synthetic compound commonly found in consumer products such as water bottles, thermal receipt paper, and epoxy resins used in processed food packaging. Previous studies have shown that BPA can mimic estrogen through a variety of mechanisms and thus elicit an endocrine response. Some manufacturers have responded by removing BPA from their products; however, studies using a replacement compound bisphenol S have reported it to be just as, if not more, dangerous. The use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae as a model organism allows for the effects of bisphenol exposure to be rapidly quantified through a simple behavioral assay. In studies involving bisphenol exposure, the use of zebrafish has demonstrated reproductive, developmental, endocrine, and behavioral effects. The study of bisphenol F, yet another endocrine disruptor that has become a replacement for BPA in consumer products, is highly important to public safety.
Surface temperature of a multi-layer thermal barrier coated wall subject to an unsteady heat flux

Abstract A one-dimensional analytical method of determining the surface temperature of a thermal barrier coated plane wall subjected to an arbitrarily time-varying heat flux was developed. The method allows fast computation, enabling it to be embedded in combustion simulation software to correctly calculate wall heat transfer, which is important for reciprocating engine applications with thin, low thermal inertia coatings that have large temperature swings. The method relies on superposition of the response to successive step changes in heat flux, obtained by discretizing the heat flux history, to compile the solution. The embedded problem of a step-change in heat flux is addressed using the one-dimensional heat diffusion equation in conjunction with the matrix method in the Laplace domain, assuming the lateral conduction is neglected. For a two-layer wall (one coating layer on top of the metal wall) in the limit where k ρ c of the coating is small relative to that for the wall material, an analytical inversion to the time domain can be derived. For modest values of this parameter or for more than one coating layer, the residue theorem is invoked to invert to the time domain, with the poles and residues found numerically. The analytical inversion, however, provided the impetus for defining a set of non-dimensional parameters that uniquely characterize the surface temperature swing for arbitrary periodic heat flux to the wall. Non-dimensional results are given for a sinusoidially varying surface heat flux.
The Passive Sensing Agent: A Multimodal Adaptive mHealth Application

We are demoing the Passive Sensing Agent (PSA), an mHealth virtual human coach, that collects multimodal data through passive sensors native to popular wearables (e.g., Apple Watch, FitBit, and Garmin). This virtual human interface delivers adaptive multi-media content via smartphone application that is specifically tailored to the user in the interdependent domains of physical, cognitive, and emotional health. Initially developed for the military, the PSA delivers health interventions (e.g., educational exercises, physical challenges, and performance feedback) matched to the individual user via novel adaptive logic-based algorithms while employing various behavior change techniques (e.g., goal-setting, barrier identification, rewards, modeling, etc.). A virtual human coach leads all interactions including the first-time user experience and the brief daily sessions. All interactions were specifically designed to engage and motivate the user while continuously collecting data on their cognitive, emotional, and physical fitness. This multi-component application is integrated and deployed on an iPhone and Apple Watch prototype; a civilian version is currently in-development.
Religious Experience and Transcendence (or the Absence of Such): Commentary on Part 2

This commentary to Part 2 of Volume 1 of The Problem of Religious Experience: Case Studies in Phenomenology focuses on the double role of transcendence in religious experience, as transcendence of individual ego at the core of religious experience and as a mode in which the other is given to the self. This opens, on one hand, the possibility of examining how imposed relevances, satisfaction, freedom, and necessity, and other features of consciousness associated with alterity, play out in relation to religious experience; on the other hand, it raises the question of whether religious experience can be not only associated with the mystery of alterity but understood as an internalized, idealized version of relationship with the other, and with specific ethical demands that account for possibility or impossibility in the constitution of such experience. Religious experience is described in light of the metaphysics of companionship, which means adopting an ethical disposition of making oneself attractive to the other, who is God, so that religious experience can take place in the form of interpersonal intimacy. Perhaps as a result of Rudolph Otto’s critique of Friedrich Schleiermacher’s position in the beginning of the former’s “The Idea of the Holy,” phenomenological investigations of religious experience focused on mystery, leaving out of analysis the feeling of absolute dependence. But considering an event of religious experience as an unveiling of intersubjective space brings Schleiermacher’s view back into the spotlight.
Dogs demonstrate memory of incidentally encoded information.

Fugazza, Pongracz, Pogany, Lenkei, and Miklosi (Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1-8, 2020) recently showed that dogs can repeat incidentally encoded behaviors using unexpected tests. These results suggest that dogs may possess episodic-like memories for their own actions.
Trends in the magnitude of chronic conditions in patients hospitalized with a first acute myocardial infarction.

Background:Among adults with heart disease, there is a high prevalence of concomitant chronic medical conditions. We studied patients with a first acute myocardial infarction to describe: sample po...
Cellular mitosis predicts vessel stability in a mechanochemical model of sprouting angiogenesis

Angiogenesis, the formation of new vessels, occurs in both developmental and pathological contexts. Prior research has investigated vessel formation to identify cellular phenotypes and dynamics associated with angiogenic disease. One major family of proteins involved in angiogenesis are the Rho GTPases, which govern function related to cellular elongation, migration, and proliferation. Using a mechanochemical model coupling Rho GTPase activity and cellular and intercellular mechanics, we investigate the role of cellular mitosis on sprouting angiogenesis. Mitosis-GTPase synchronization was not a strong predictor of GTPase and thus vessel signaling instability, whereas the location of mitotic events was predicted to alter GTPase cycling instabilities. Our model predicts that middle stalk cells undergoing mitosis introduce irregular dynamics in GTPase cycling and may provide a source of aberrant angiogenesis. We also find that cellular and junctional tension exhibit spatial heterogeneity through the vessel, and that tension feedback, specifically in stalk cells, tends to increase the maximum forces generated in the vessel.
Auditory cues facilitate object movement processing in human extrastriate visual cortex during simulated self-motion: A pilot study.

Abstract Visual segregation of moving objects is a considerable computational challenge when the observer moves through space. Recent psychophysical studies suggest that directionally congruent, moving auditory cues can substantially improve parsing object motion in such settings, but the exact brain mechanisms and visual processing stages that mediate these effects are still incompletely known. Here, we utilized multivariate pattern analyses (MVPA) of MRI-informed magnetoencephalography (MEG) source estimates to examine how crossmodal auditory cues facilitate motion detection during the observer's self-motion. During MEG recordings, participants identified a target object that moved either forward or backward within a visual scene that included nine identically textured objects simulating forward observer translation. Auditory motion cues 1) improved the behavioral accuracy of target localization, 2) significantly modulated the MEG source activity in the areas V2 and human middle temporal complex (hMT+), and 3) increased the accuracy at which the target movement direction could be decoded from hMT+ activity using MVPA. The increase of decoding accuracy by auditory cues in hMT+ was significant also when superior temporal activations in or near auditory cortices were regressed out from the hMT+ source activity to control for source estimation biases caused by point spread. Taken together, these results suggest that parsing object motion from self-motion-induced optic flow in the human extrastriate visual cortex can be facilitated by crossmodal influences from auditory system.
The role of Right Anterior White Matter area in Multiple Sclerosis-related fatigue: A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) Study (P3.392)

Objective: To study the longitudinal neurometabolites alterations in white matter of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients who reported fatigue using MR spectroscopy. Background: Approximately 80% of patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) report fatigue. Neurochemical alterations in white matter (WM) caused my demyelination and tissue injury may be involved in the pathogenesis of MS-related fatigue. However, the selective involvement of white matter regions that may be implicated in fatigue pathology remains unclear. Design/Methods: We used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in a retrospective longitudinal study of 45 MS patients who reported fatigue measured by Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS: 1–7). We examined the neuro-chemical changes in MRS grid localized to centrum semiovale of High Fatigue (HF, FSS ≥ 5.1) and Low Fatigue (LF, FSS ≤ 3) subgroups at baseline and year 1. Results: At baseline, N-acetyl aspartate to creatine ratio ((NAA+NAAG)/Cr) was significantly lower in HF ((NAA+NAAG)/Cr: 1.89 ± 0.06) group compared to LF group ((NAA+NAAG)/Cr: 2.09 ± 0.068) in Right Anterior White Matter (RAWM) region of MRS grid (p = 0.039) placed in centrum semiovale. At year 1, we observed a similar trend in N-acetyl aspartate to creatine ratio ((NAA+NAAG)/Cr) between HF ((NAA+NAAG)/Cr: 1.88 ± 0.04) group and LF group ((NAA+NAAG)/Cr: 2.07 ± 0.07) in Right Anterior White Matter (RAWM) region. However, correlation between FSS score and (NAA+NAAG)/Cr in RAWM region did not reach statistical significance. Furthermore, glutamate, choline, phosphocholine levels and choline/creatine ratio did not show a significant correlation with fatigue severity in any area of the MRS grid. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the involvement of RAWM in frontoparietal area may contribute to the development of MS-related fatigue. Larger prospective clinical trials with longer follow-up periods may explain the role of RAWM region in the pathophysiology of MS-related fatigue. Disclosure: Dr. Sriwastava has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yarraguntla has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lichtman-Mikol has nothing to disclose. Dr. Razmjou has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bao has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sood has nothing to disclose. Dr. Seraji-Bozorgzad has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bernitsas has nothing to disclose.
3',5'-Dichloro- N , N -diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-amine

The title tri­phenyl­amine derivative, C24H17Cl2N, featuring a 3,5-di­chloro-1,1′-biphenyl moiety has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The mol­ecular structure shows rotations of the phenyl rings in the range of 37–40° from the amine plane. In the crystal, the mol­ecules inter­act by van der Waals inter­actions.