cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Capturing 2&#189;D Depth and Texture of Time-Varying Scenes Using Structured Infrared Light

In this paper, we describe an approach to simultaneously capture visual appearance and depth of a time-varying scene. Our approach is based on projecting structured infrared (IR) light. Specifically, we project a combination of (a) a static vertical IR stripe pattern, and (b) a horizontal IR laser line sweeping up and down the scene; at the same time, the scene is captured with an IR-sensitive camera. Since IR light is invisible to the human eye, it does not disturb human subjects or interfere with human activities in the scene; in addition, it does not affect the scenes visual appearance as recorded by a color video camera. Vertical lines in the IR frames are identified using the horizontal line, intra-frame tracking, and inter-frame tracking; depth along these lines is reconstructed via triangulation. Interpolating these sparse depth lines within the foreground silhouette of the recorded video sequence, we obtain a dense depth map for every frame in the video sequence. Experimental results corresponding to a dynamic scene with a human subject in motion are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Electrical modeling of pulsed power systems for biomedical applications

High intensity (/spl sim/2.5 MV/m) short duration (ns & sub-ns) pulses can affect the intracellular structures without adversely affecting the outer cell membrane. An interesting effect of such pulses is apoptosis or programmed cell death. Generation of high voltage short duration pulses require fast switches and one or more pulse compression sections. Blumlein pulsed forming networks (PFN) are the most common circuit topology used for short pulse generation. The pulse shape and the rise/fall time of the pulse delivered to the load, depends on the response time of the switch and the characteristics of the Blumlein. Traditionally, the transmission line structures used in the Blumlein are modeled as ideal elements. At shorter pulse widths, the Blumlein models must account for the input and output edge effects, the distributed nature of the load, and the effects at Blumlein-load interface. A simple spice model is generated to simulate the edge effects of short Blumleins, and it is shown that the edge effects limits the achievable minimum pulse width and rise/fall times. Further improvements required in the spice model for shorter pulse lengths are also discussed.
Perceptions about the harm of secondhand smoke exposure among U.S. middle and high school students: findings from the 2012 National Youth Tobacco Survey

Background Increased knowledge of the harmful effects of SHS is an evidence-based key indicator for eliminating nonsmokers’ exposure to SHS. This study assessed the prevalence and predictors of perceptions about the harm of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among U.S. middle and high school students.
Dynamic Assessment and Response to Intervention Two Sides of One Coin

This article compares and contrasts the main features of dynamic testing and assessment (DT/A) and response to intervention (RTI). The comparison is carried out along the following lines: (a) historical and empirical roots of both concepts, (b) premises underlying DT/A and RTI, (c) terms used in these concepts, (d) use of these concepts, (e) evidence in support of DT/A and RTI, and (f) expectations associated with each of the concepts. The main outcome of this comparison is a conclusion that both approaches belong to one family of methodologies in psychology and education whose key feature is in blending assessment and intervention in one holistic activity. Because DT/A has been around much longer than RTI, it makes sense for the proponents of RTI to consider both the accomplishments and frustrations that have accumulated in the field of DT/A.
Host plant use by apple maggot, western cherry fruit fly, and other Rhagoletis species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in central Washington state

Abstract Host plant use by apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), 1867, western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, 1932, and other Rhagoletis species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in five cities or towns and several habitats of different commercial importance within south central Washington state was determined in 2004 to 2006. Rhagoletis pomonella larvae infested 0 to 1.6% of non-commercial apple trees, Malus domestica (Borkh.) Borkh., and 0 to 22.5% of wild black hawthorn, Crataegus douglasii Lindl. (Rosaceae), the first data showing R. pomonella has established within this part of the state. Rhagoletis indifferens infested 81.8 to 100% of non-commercial sweet and sour cherry trees (Prunus avium (L.) L. and Prunus cerasus L.) (0% in one area) and 21.7 to 94.7% of wild bitter cherry trees, Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook.) D. Dietr. (Rosaceae). Rhagoletis zephyria Snow, 1894, Rhagoletis basiola (Osten Sacken), 1877, Rhagoletis tabellaria (Fitch), 1855, Rhagoletis berberis Curran, 1932, ...
Factors related to providers' decisions for and against withholding or withdrawing nutrition and/or hydration in adult patient care.

(1) Decisions that are made near the end of life include consideration of withholding or withdrawing nutrition and/or hydration. These decisions present ethical challenges to health care providers who are caring for terminally ill patients. Clinical studies published during the last twenty years provide empirical data about the many factors that influence these decisions. The purpose of this systematic literature review is to synthesize the research findings related to provider decisions about withholding or withdrawing nutrition and/or hydration in adult patient care. The clinical, educational, and ethical implications of these decisions are proposed.
Factors Affecting Storage of Orange Concentrate

Orange concentrate (OC) 66°Brix, was tested for effect of storage temperature and storage time on product quality. OC was stored at −12.2, −6.6, −1.1, and 4.4°C, and analyzed for °Brix, % acid, ascorbic acid, furfural, serum viscosity, apparent viscosity, browning, Hunter color values, and taste panel scores at monthly intervals for 1 yr. Significant (p > 0.01) decreases were found in ascorbic acid content and Hunter color value (Y) due to storage time, and temperature. Nonenzymatic browning increased and taste panel scores significantly decreased with storage temperature and time. Taste panelists were able to detect significant differences in flavor after 5 and 9 months at 4.4 and −1.1°C, respectively.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Activation Modulates Kainate and Serotonin Calcium Response in Astrocytes

Although metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) modulation has been studied extensively in neurons, it has not been investigated in astrocytes. We studied modulation of glutamate-evoked calcium rises in primary astrocyte cultures using fura-2 ratiometric digital calcium imaging. Calcium plays a key role as a second messenger system in astrocytes, both in regulation of many subcellular processes and in long distance intercellular signaling. Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and cortical astrocytes showed striking differences in sensitivity to glutamate and to mGluR agonists, even after several weeks in culture. Kainate-evoked intracellular calcium rises were inhibited by concurrent application of the type I and II mGluR agonists quisqualate (10 μm), trans- (±)-1-amino-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylate (100–500 μm), and (2S-1′S-2′S)-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (L-CCG-I) (10 μm). Inhibition mediated by L-CCG-I had long-lasting effects (>45 min) in ∼30% of the SCN astrocytes tested. The inhibition could be mimicked by the L-type calcium channel blocker nimodipine (1 μm) as well as by protein kinase C (PKC) activators phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (10 μm) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (500 nm), and blocked by the PKC inactivator (±)-1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (200 μm), suggesting a mechanism involving PKC modulation of L-type calcium channels. In contrast, mGluRs modulated serotonin (5HT)-evoked calcium rises through a different mechanism. The type III mGluR agonist l-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate consistently inhibited 5HT-evoked calcium rises, whereas in a smaller number of cells quisqualate and L-CCG-I showed both inhibitory and additive effects. Unlike the mGluR-kainate interaction, which required a pretreatment with an mGluR agonist and was insensitive to pertussis toxin (PTx), the mGluR modulation of 5HT actions was rapid and was blocked by PTx. These data suggest that glutamate, acting at several metabotropic receptors expressed by astrocytes, could modulate glial activity evoked by neurotransmitters and thereby influence the ongoing modulation of neurons by astrocytes.
Haemostasis and carotid artery wall thickness in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of carotid artery intima-media wall thickness (IMT) with hemostatic proteins and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in participants with and without non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). IMT measurements were determined by high resolution B-mode ultrasound imaging of the carotid arteries in 921 participants with NIDDM and 11 964 non-diabetic participants aged 45–64 years. Fasting glucose, serum lipids and activated partial thromboplastin time, factor VIII fibrinogen, factor VII, antithrombin III, protein C, and von Willebrand factor measurements were made. Compared to non-diabetic participants, participants with NIDDM had a more adverse pattern of CVRFs and a more procoagulatory profile. Participants with NIDDM had 0.06 mm (8.1%) higher mean IMT compared to non-diabetic participants after adjusting for age and gender (P<0.001). However, only plasma fibrinogen concentrations showed statistically significant positive associations with IMT in both groups. After adjusting for CVRFs and fibrinogen, mean IMT remained 0.04 mm (5.4%) higher in diabetic compared to non-diabetic participants. Despite the more procoagulatory profile in participants with NIDDM, only plasma fibrinogen concentrations were independently associated with mean IMT. The association of NIDDM with mean IMT was only partly explained by CVRFs.
Reflection Absorption Infrared Spectroscopy and the Structure of Molecular Adsorbates on Metal Surfaces

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is widely used to identify molecular adsorbates that form on metals in the course of surface chemical reactions. Because IR spectroscopy is one of the few surface-sensitive probes that provide molecule-specific information without perturbing the chemisorbed state, there is great interest in extracting as much structural information from the spectra as possible. The various ways IR spectroscopy is used to determine the structure of molecular adsorbates, from strictly qualitative interpretations based on symmetry selection rules to the use of ab initio electronic structure calculations to predict the IR spectrum of a chemisorbed molecule, are reviewed.
An 8-channel, head preamplifier for combination magnetoresistive read elements and inductive write elements

A preamp IC that supports the first reported OEM (original equipment manufacturer) production use of magnetoresistive (MR) read-sense elements or heads in a rigid magnetic disk drive is described. Signal amplitudes, and therefore signal-to-noise ratios, are superior to those obtainable from previous inductive sense techniques at equivalent fly heights, magnet density, and linear velocities. The IC contains all required analog and digital functions for a complete read/write preamplifier. >
Neuropsychological deficits in adolescents with conduct disorder and comorbid bipolar disorder: a pilot study.

Objective: We report pilot data on neuropsychological deficits in aggressive juvenile offenders with and without bipolar disorder compared with each other and healthy controls. Method: We assessed 52 adolescents and their parent or guardians: 36 incarcerated juvenile offenders and 16 community controls using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children, Present and Life-Time Version and a neuropsychological testing battery. All incarcerated subjects (n = 34) met criteria for Conduct Disorder (CD); 26 are classified as Non-BD-CD, and eight with CD and Bipolar disorder (CD-BD). These subjects were compared to community controls (n = 16) matched for age, gender, SES and ethnicity. Results: Relative to controls, the Non-BD-CD subjects’ impairments (p < 0.05) were in cognitive ability, set shifting/inhibition, planning and verbal memory–language functioning. The CD-BD group displayed impairments (p < 0.05) relative to controls in cognitive ability, set shifting, verbal memory–language functioning, and visuospatial tasks. The Non-BD-CD and CD-BD groups however did not display significant differences on most neuropsychological measures compared with each other. When we controlled for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, the Non-CD-BP subjects continued to show deficits on Verbal measures where the CD-BD subjects maintained deficits in measures of cognitive ability, verbal measures and visual spatial tests. Conclusions: Juvenile offender with CD displayed a wide range of deficits on neuropsychological testing compared with controls. Although juvenile offenders with and without BD differed on their clinical presentation, differences on neuropsychological measures are not specific and may be related to comorbid diagnoses.
Mechanical Behavior of Thermoplastic FML-reinforced Sandwich Panels Using an Aluminum Foam Core: Experiments and Modeling

Sandwich panels manufactured using thermoplastic fiber-metal laminates (FML) skins and an aluminum foam core were tested under quasi-static and low-velocity impact loading conditions. The quasi-sta...
“Our Beloved Cherokee”: A Naturalistic Study of Cherokee Preschool Language Immersion

This article contributes to our knowledge of endangered language revitalization by offering a case study of a Cherokee Nation (CN) preschool immersion program named Tsalagi Ageyui, “Our Beloved Cherokee.” A naturalistic inquiry into the micro- and macrosociocultural dimensions of reversing Cherokee language shift reveals that, of all CN language programs, Tsalagi Ageyui holds the greatest potential to increase intergenerational, mother-tongue transmission in the home, family, neighborhood, and community.
A Theory of Self-Esteem

Self-esteem has been conceptualized as an outcome, motive, and buffer, but there is no overall theory of self-esteem. In this article it is suggested that identity theory can provide a theoretical framework for the integration of the various conceptualizations of selfesteem. We suggest that self-esteem is an outcome of, and necessary ingredient in, the self-verification process that occurs within groups, maintaining both the individual and the group. Verification of role identities increases an individual’s worth-based and efficacy-based self-esteem. The self-esteem built up by self-verification buffers the negative emotions that occur when self-verification is problematic, thus allowing continued interaction and continuity in structural arrangements during periods of disruption and change. Last, a desire for self-esteem, produced in part through self-verification, stabilizes the group because it motivates individuals to form and maintain relationships that verify identities.
Belief elicitation in the presence of naïve respondents: An experimental study

It is often of interest to elicit beliefs from populations that may include naive participants. Unfortunately, elicitation mechanisms are typically assessed by assuming optimal responses to incentives. Using laboratory experiments with a population that potentially includes naive participants, we compare the performance of two elicitation mechanisms proposed by Karni (Econometrica 77(2):603-606, 2009). These mechanisms, denoted as “declarative” and “clock,” are valuable because their incentive compatibility does not require strong assumptions such as risk neutrality or expected utility maximization. We show that, theoretically and empirically, with a sufficient fraction of naive participants, the clock mechanism elicits beliefs more accurately than the declarative. The source of this accuracy advantage is twofold: the clock censors naive responses, and participants are more likely to employ dominant strategies under the clock. Our findings hold practical value to anyone interested in eliciting beliefs from representative populations, a goal of increasing importance when conducting large-scale surveys or field experiments.
Snibbie: Spit Happens (a)

Who hasn't had a great idea and believed they could make millions if they moved on it? Greg Heard actually took his idea and developed a bib for adult childcare workers--the Snibbie Bib. His strategy is to follow the Diaper Genie model: develop the product, open enough doors in the baby-product market to grow the business to sufficient scale, and then sell it to a major player like Gerber or Procter & Gamble for buckets of money. The A case describes Heard's learning experiences and progress in approaching institutional buyers, attending his first vendor fair, working with vendors, moving his operations out of his garage and into a warehouse, and becoming an international company. He also gets help from a mentor who steers him through the retailer-distribution process. The news that his biggest buyer has just filed for bankruptcy is unsettling and raises many questions about how this will affect his company. Also, what should he do about an offer from a large, national company to private label his products? The B case (UVA-M-0701) describes the direction he takes regarding private labeling, working with the bankrupt company, and further developing his brand by creating additional products.
Scattering of plane harmonic P, SV, and Rayleigh waves by dipping layers of arbitrary shape

Diffraction of plane harmonic P, SV , and Rayleigh waves by dipping layers of arbitrary shape is investigated by using an indirect boundary integral equation approach. The layers are of finite length perfectly bonded together. The material of the layers is assumed to be homogeneous, weakly anelastic, and isotropic. The displacement field is evaluated throughout the elastic medium so that the continuity of the displacement and the traction fields along the interfaces between the layers is satisfied in a least-squares sense. Presented numerical results show that the surface strong ground motion amplification effects depend upon a number of parameters present in the problem, such as, type, frequency, and angle of the incident wave, the impedance contrast between the layers, the component of the displacement field being observed, and the location of the observation point at the surface of the half-space. The results demonstrate that the presence of soft alluvial deposits in form of dipping layers may cause locally very large amplification or reduction of the surface ground motion when compared with corresponding free-field motion.
The VA Point-of-Care Precision Oncology Program: Balancing Access with Rapid Learning in Molecular Cancer Medicine

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) recognized the need to balance patient-centered care with responsible creation of generalizable knowledge on the effectiveness of molecular medicine tools. Embracing the principles of the rapid learning health-care system, a new clinical program called the Precision Oncology Program (POP) was created in New England. The POP integrates generalized knowledge about molecular medicine in cancer with a database of observations from previously treated veterans. The program assures access to modern genomic oncology practice in the veterans affairs (VA), removes disparities of access across the VA network of clinical centers, disseminates the products of learning that are generalizable to non-VA settings, and systematically presents opportunities for patients to participate in clinical trials of targeted therapeutics.
Thin-Film Deposition Via Pulsed Laser Ablation

We report on a novel experimental approach for thin-film deposition via pulsed laser ablation. A combination of design features including the incorporation of original sample manipulation methods as well as enhanced analytical capabilities allow for experimental control and flexibility for thin-film deposition studies of a variety of materials. Here, the application is illustrated with a study of 532 nm pulsed laser ablation and subsequent deposition of CdTe.Conditions have been found that produce a mildly energetic ablation plume, and the average kinetic energies for the neutral and ionic ablation species in the plume have been determined to be approximately 2 and 11 eV, respectively. It has been shown that in the presence of an electric field the ionic species can be diverted away from the detector (and subsequently from the eventual deposit). Thin film deposits clearly reveal an increase in the number of sub-micron particles when direct ablation ions contribute to the deposition. The possibility for extraction of ablation ions and preparation of ablation plumes of neutrals only has been clearly demonstrated.
The House and the ACA — A Lawsuit over Cost-Sharing Reductions

The U.S. House of Representatives argues in a lawsuit that the Obama administration is illegally reimbursing insurers for reducing cost sharing for insurance enrollees under the Affordable Care Act, and a federal district court judge has agreed to consider the case.
META-ANALYSES OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MULTILOCUS HETEROZYGOSITY AND FITNESS.

Meta-analyses of published correlation coefficients between multilocus heterozygosity (MLH) and two fitness surrogates, growth rate and fluctuating asymmetry, suggested that the strength of these correlations are generally weak. A variety of plants and animals was included in the meta-analyses. A statistically homogeneous group of MLH-growth rate correlation coefficients that included both plants and animals yielded a common correlation of rz = 0.133. A common correlation of rz = -0.170 was estimated for correlations between MLH and fluctuating asymmetry in three species of salmonid fishes. These results suggest that selection, including overdominance, has at most a weak effect at allozyme loci and cast some doubt on the widely held notion that heterozygosity and individual fitness are strongly correlated.
Detected Staphylococcus auricularis from conjunctivae of person

Objective To understand the flora components of conjunctivitis,bacteria were isolated from specimens from conjunctivae.Methods The bacteria were isolated by directly inoculating plate and were identified.Results The 3 strains Staphylococcus auricularis were isolated from 10 specimens.Conclusion The Staphylococcus auricularis can parasitize conjunctivae of person.
EFFECT OF LOW FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC PARAMETERS ON THE AS-CAST MICROSTRUCTURES AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AN Al-10Zn-2.5Mg-2.5Cu-0.15Zr ALLOY

Under the low frequency electromagnetic field, a new super-high strength and toughness Al alloy (Al-10Zn-2.5Mg-2.5Cu-0.15Zr) was semi-continuously cast. The effect of electromagnetic frequency and intensity on as-cast microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that the microstructures of the alloy cast under low frequency electromagnetic field are fine, uniform and equiaxed, rose-shaped or globular, and average grain size is between 20-40 μm. It is also shown that the proper increase in electromagnetic frequency and intensity is helpful for obtaining fine, uniform and equiaxed as-cast microstructures. The optimum electromagnetic parameters are that frequency is 25-35 Hz and number of ampere turns is 12800-16000 AT. And the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of low frequency electromagnetic cast billets are greatly increased.
Detection of hypercapnia by normal subjects.

1. To investigate whether changes in P aco 2 can be detected independently of the CO 2 -induced changes in pulmonary ventilation, we tested five normal subjects for the ability to distinguish different levels of end-tidal P co 2 ( P ETco 2 ) while holding minute ventilation constant. 2. Helped by a visual feedback system, the subjects maintained a constant ventilation targeted at a level that was higher than that dictated by the chemical drive at P ETco 2 = 50 mmHg (6.7 kPa). End-tidal P co 2 was held at 40 mmHg (5.3 kPa) during the first 2 min of each test trial (9control period9); then, for 4 min (9test period9), P ETco 2 was either elevated to 50 mmHg or kept at 40 mmHg. Twelve runs were performed by each subject. 3. In 24 out of the total 30 trials (80%) in which P ETco 2 was raised during the test period to 50 mmHg, the subjects detected the changes. There was one false positive result (3%), when P ETco 2 kept at 40 mmHg during the test period was reported as different from control. In four out of the five subjects the ability to detect the change in P ETco 2 from 40 to 50 mmHg was statistically significant. 4. We conclude that increases in P ETco 2 can be detected independently of changes in the absolute level of ventilation.
The Nature of Naval Expansion

Third-World navies have been expanding along three interrelated dimensions: expansion of national ocean zones, naval roles, and naval capabilities. In the case of some of the larger developing states, the expansion of naval roles and capabilities has even projected beyond the extensive national ocean zones. Though naval expansion has been uneven in the Third World it has generally transformed what was often a neglected armed service, the navy, and a neglected aspect of national development, ocean resources, into key dimensions of domestic and foreign policy. Third-World navies have accordingly tended to gain in importance in recent years, domestically with respect to national security and resource policies and internationally with respect to neighbours and to the traditional maritime powers.
Bifurcated-bifurcated aneurysm repair is a novel technique to repair infrarenal aortic aneurysms in the setting of iliac aneurysms

Abstract Background Up to 40% of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) have coexistent iliac artery aneurysms (IAAs). In the past, successful endovascular repair required internal iliac artery (IIA) embolization, which can lead to pelvic or buttock ischemia. This study describes a technique that uses a readily available solution with a minimally altered off-the-shelf bifurcated graft in the IAA to maintain IIA perfusion. Methods From August 2009 to May 2015, 14 patients with AAAs and coexisting IAAs underwent repair with a bifurcated-bifurcated approach. A 22-mm or 24-mm bifurcated main body device was used in the IAA with extension of the "contralateral" limb into the IIA. Intraoperative details including operative time, fluoroscopy time, and contrast agent use were recorded. Outcome measures assessed were operative technical success and a composite outcome measure of IIA patency, freedom from reintervention, and clinically significant endoleak at 1 year. Results Fourteen patients underwent bifurcated-bifurcated repair during the study period. Technical success was achieved in 93% of patients, with successful treatment of the AAA and IAA and preservation of flow to at least one IIA. The procedure was performed with a completely percutaneous bilateral femoral approach in 92% of patients. Three patients had a type II endoleak on initial follow-up imaging, but none were clinically significant. There were no cases of bowel ischemia or erectile dysfunction. One patient had buttock claudication ipsilateral to IIA coil embolization (contralateral to bifurcated iliac repair and preserved IIA) that resolved by 6-month follow-up. Two patients required reinterventions. One patient presented to his first follow-up visit on postoperative day 25 with thrombosis of the right external iliac limb ipsilateral to the bifurcated iliac repair, which was successfully treated with thrombectomy and stenting of the limb. This same patient presented at 83 months with growth of the preserved IIA to 3.9 cm and underwent coil embolization of the aneurysm. Another patient presented for surveillance 44 months after his original repair with component separation of the mating stent and the iliac bifurcated stent grafts. This was treated with a limb extension and endoanchors to fuse the endografts. Of the 13 patients who underwent bifurcated-bifurcated repair, 100% of the preserved IIAs remained patent at last follow-up. The composite outcome measure of IIA patency and freedom from reintervention and clinically significant endoleak at 1 year was 92% (n = 12/13). Conclusions In this small retrospective review, bifurcated-bifurcated aneurysm repair of aortoiliac aneurysms with preservation of perfusion to the IIA is technically feasible and safe with good short-term and midterm results in male patients.
Validating the client-focused considering work model for people living with HIV and quantifying phases of change of commitment to work.

AbstractThe primary purpose of this study was to validate the client-focused considering work model and to gain a better understanding of the nature of the relationship among the four domains purported to influence the considering work process (medical, psychosocial, financial/legal and vocational). A second goal of the study was to quantify the relationship between these four domains and the phases of considering work (contemplation, preparation, action, resolution). Structural equation modeling was used to analyze data of 1702 diverse (43% Black, 31% White, 19% Latino 7% other) unemployed respondents who were recruited from AIDS Service Organizations (ASO) and networks across the United States to complete the National Working Positive Vocational Development and Employment Needs Survey (NWPC-VDENS). Overall the results of this study supported the validity of the client-focused considering work model and helped to provide a deeper level of understanding of the relationship among the domains of influence a...
Predictive Utility of the Total Glasgow Coma Scale Versus the Motor Component of the Glasgow Coma Scale for Identification of Patients With Serious Traumatic Injuries.

Study objective The motor component of the Glasgow Coma Scale (mGCS) has been proposed as an easier-to-use alternative to the total GCS (tGCS) for field assessment of trauma patients by emergency medical services. We perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the predictive utility of the tGCS versus the mGCS or Simplified Motor Scale in field triage of trauma for identifying patients with adverse outcomes (inhospital mortality or severe brain injury) or who underwent procedures (neurosurgical intervention or emergency intubation) indicating need for high-level trauma care. Methods Ovid MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, and the Cochrane databases were searched through June 2016 for English-language cohort studies. We included studies that compared the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the tGCS versus the mGCS or Simplified Motor Scale assessed in the field or shortly after arrival in the emergency department for predicting the outcomes described above. Meta-analyses were performed with a random-effects model, and subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results We included 18 head-to-head studies of predictive utility (n=1,703,388). For inhospital mortality, the tGCS was associated with slightly greater discrimination than the mGCS (pooled mean difference in [AUROC] 0.015; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.009 to 0.022; I 2 =85%; 12 studies) or the Simplified Motor Scale (pooled mean difference in AUROC 0.030; 95% CI 0.024 to 0.036; I 2 =0%; 5 studies). The tGCS was also associated with greater discrimination than the mGCS or Simplified Motor Scale for nonmortality outcomes (differences in AUROC from 0.03 to 0.05). Findings were robust in subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Conclusion The tGCS is associated with slightly greater discrimination than the mGCS or Simplified Motor Scale for identifying severe trauma. The small differences in discrimination are likely to be clinically unimportant and could be offset by factors such as convenience and ease of use.
Learning from our own lessons: pre-service teachers’ narratives of teaching as an experiment

Pre-service teachers need to develop habits of mind that allow them to grow as new teachers. This article describes an elementary mathematics methods course in which teaching as an experiment was u...
First Principles of Attitudinal Change: a Review of Principles, Methods and Strategies

Knowing how to effectively design attitudinal change instruction for various learning settings is essential for instructional designers. However, the research on instructional design for attitudinal change instruction has been relatively dispersed and lacks cohesion, despite its increasing importance. The purposes of this paper are to 1) reignite the scholarly conversation on designing attitudinal change instruction, and 2) provide directions for future research. Using Merrill’s first principles of instruction as a guide and framework, we review the existing research to identify and discuss the principles for designing attitudinal change instruction.
Pictures-Within-Pictures in Nineteenth-Century Britain by Catherine Roach

Catherine Roach has written a fascinating account of an equally fascinating genre that has largely escaped scholarly attention: paintings that are set in exhibition sites and contain rendered repli...
Historical and Political Writings

Throughout the 1870s and early 1880s, while Morley was actively involved in childrearing, he wrote several significant historical studies and biographies. Each of these texts explore in their respective ways aspects of parenting or parenthood. This chapter analyzes several of these texts to consider how Morley’s views on the relationship between parent and child became more philosophically informed as he immersed himself in the writings of eighteenth-century French intellectuals and penned his famous treatise on liberal ethics.
The Influence of Pressure on the Properties and Origins of Hydrous Silicate Liquids in Earth's Interior

Abstract Hydrous silicate liquids are produced in a wide range of deep-Earth environments. I review the influence of pressure on their compositions and properties, a topic about which recent experimental advances are yielding important new insights. Pressure increases the solubility of H 2 O in silicate liquids. At upper-mantle pressures, the primary dissolution products are molecular H 2 O and OH − , but extended forms become important at higher pressures. H 2 O dissolution promotes depolymerization, regardless of speciation. Liquid properties are functions of composition, conditions of formation, and evolutionary path, all of which are strongly influenced by H 2 O. All silicate–H 2 O systems exhibit full miscibility at high pressure and temperature, which arises from the efficacy of polymerization/depolymerization of liquid and coexisting solute-rich H 2 O. Supercritical fluids may have compositions intermediate between silicate liquid and H 2 O, yet they possess very high H 2 O activity, which endows them with great metasomatic power. Hydrous silicate liquids are less dense but more compressible than their anhydrous equivalents, translating to a high likelihood of neutral buoyancy at depths where geophysical anomalies suggest melts may be present. Where density differences dictate migration, high-pressure H 2 O-bearing silicate liquids are quite reactive with the mineral matrix, and likely form high-permeability channels leading to rapid transport. Enhanced mobility is also favored by decreased viscosity with pressure. Electrical conductivity and diffusivity decrease with pressure, yielding values consistent with magnetotelluric data from a range of deep environments.
Lack of disparities in screening for associated anomalies in children with anorectal malformations.

Abstract Introduction Patients with anorectal malformations (ARM) often have associated congenital anomalies and should undergo several screening exams in the first year of life. We hypothesized that racial and socioeconomic disparities exist in the screening processes for these patients. Methods After IRB approval, a retrospective review of patients with ARM born between 2005 and 2016 was performed at a quaternary care children's hospital. Demographics including gender, race, insurance, and zip code were collected. Zip code was used as a surrogate for median income. Chart review was performed to identify anomaly type and whether Vertebral defects, Anorectal malformations, Cardiac defects, Tracheo-Esophageal fistula, Renal anomalies, and Limb abnormalities screening was performed within 1 y of age. Descriptive statistics and chi square analyses were performed. Results One hundred patients (59% male, 68% low malformation) were identified. African American and Caucasian subjects represented 41% and 40% of the population, respectively. Overall, 68 of 100 patients had at least one screening test for each of the Vertebral defects, Anorectal malformations, Cardiac defects, Tracheo-Esophageal fistula, Renal anomalies, and Limb abnormalities associations. Although some minor differences were noted (more African Americans received skeletal survey than Caucasians, 80.5% versus 60%, P = 0.00335), no pattern of systematic bias in the receipt or timing of screening was evident based on race, insurance, or income. Conclusions There do not appear to be racial or socioeconomic disparities in screening for associated anomalies in patients with ARM. However, overall gaps in screening still exist, and work must be carried out to appropriately screen all patients for associated anomalies.
Adolescent–Parent Dyadic Retention in an Interview Study and Changes in Willingness to Participate in a Hypothetical Microbicide Safety Study

Abstract Study Objective In this study we describe adolescent and parent retention and changes in willingness to participate (WTP) in research among adolescents, parents, and adolescent–parent dyads. Design and Setting Adolescent–parent dyads were recruited to participate in a longitudinal study to assess research participation attitudes using simultaneous individual interviews of the adolescent and parent with a return visit 1 year later using the same interview. Participants Adolescents (14-17 years old) and their parents. Interventions None. Main Outcome Measures The relationship between participant characteristics and dyad retention was assessed. WTP was measured on a Likert scale and dichotomized (willing/unwilling) to assess changes in WTP attitudes over time for adolescents, parents, and dyads. Results Eighty-three percent of the 300 dyads were retained. Dyads in which there was successful contact with the parent before follow-up were more likely to be retained (odds ratio, 4.88; 95% confidence interval, 2.57-9.26). For adolescents at baseline, 59% were willing to participate and 55% were willing to participate at follow-up (McNemar S = 0.91; P = .34). For parents at baseline, 51% were willing to participate and 57% were willing to participate at follow-up (McNemar S = 5.12; P = .02). For dyads at baseline, 57% were concordant (in either direction) and 70% of dyads were concordant at follow-up (McNemar S = 10.56; P = .001). Conclusion Over 1 year, parent contact might positively influence successful adolescent retention. Parents become more willing to let their adolescents participate over time, with dyads becoming more concordant about research participation.
Relational transformation in family therapy supervision: a qualitative inquiry in a postmodern collaborative learning community

This study presents an emerging qualitative inquiry about relational transformation in family therapy supervision at the Houston Galveston Institute (HGI). a postmodern collaborative learning community. Ethno-phenomenology is used as a blended methodology. The researcher acknowledged the participants performing co-researchers of their experiences of relational transformation through supervision relationships. Ten participants, seven supervisees and three supervisors, described their experiences of transformation through their supervision relationships at a postmodern collaborative learning community, the HGI. All participants defined transformation and the process of relational transformation in reference to their own experiences of transformation and their understandings of theory of social construction. As they described their experiences of supervision, supervision relationships, and the learning community at HGI. they also shared their stories, addressing the characteristics of the community that facilitate transformation in them. In addition, participants discussed how a learning community could become a relational, transformagenerative context that eventually facilitates and encourages transformation in all its members who are the learners of family therapy.
Billboards and Big Utilities: Borrowing Land-Use Concepts to Regulate "Nonconforming" Sources Under the Clean Air Act

For more than thirty years, numerous coal-fired, electric utility plants have enjoyed “grandfathered” status under the Clean Air Act (CAA), leaving them virtually untouched by the dictates of increasingly stringent air pollution regulation in the United States. The Clean Air Act of 1970, which essentially codified the federal regulatory approach toward air pollution, established a two-tiered framework for the regulation of major stationary sources of air pollution. This approach mandated stricter federal pollution-control technology requirements on power plants built after the passage of new regulatory standards than those applicable to existing plants. This bifurcated approach, often called the “old-new division” in pollution-control regulation, continues to the present day, despite two subsequent rounds of amendments to the CAA in 1977 and 1990. The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 introduced two programs, New Source Review (NSR) and Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD), which attempted to narrow the old-new divide in control technology requirements. Any major modification of an old source would render it “good as new” for federal regulatory purposes, leading to the imposition of the same control technology requirements that new sources were obligated to follow in a given area. Despite this subsequent “narrowing,” many old sources, particularly coal-burning utility plants, predominantly located in the Midwest, continue to operate under more lenient pollution-control
A VARIANT VSV GENERATES DEFECTIVE INTERFERING PARTICLES WITH REPLICASE-LIKE ACTIVITY IN VITRO

ABSTRACT A variant VSV designated pol R1, isolated in this laboratory, gives rise to altered transcription products in vitro as compared to wild-type VSV. Infectious standard virions of this variant synthesize an array of heterogeneously-sized RNA products few of which correspond to the size of wild-type mRNAs. The differences between wild-type and pol R1 are however most strikinq when coirmarinq in vitro RNA products from defective interfering particles (DI) generated from these. Whereas wild-type DI polymerase copies the 3′ end of the template until residue 46, the polR1 polymerase synthesizes a nearly complete copy of the template. The pol R1 polvmerase components can also copy wild-type DI RNA templates which have been packaged by pol R1 specified proteins. We propose that the pol R1 mutation(s) affects the regulation of transcription vs replication functions of the VSV-coded polymerase.
Column observations of stratospheric gases at Søndre Strømfjord, Greenland during winter 1994-1995

As part of the Second European Stratospheric Arctic and Mid-latitude Experiment (SESAME) field campaign, observations were made during the period from October 1994 to April 1995 at Sondre Stromfjord, Greenland (67°N, 53°W). Using a Fourier transform spectrometer, high resolution (0.06 cm-1) infrared spectra were recorded with the sun as a radiation source. Column amounts of trace gases including HCl, HF, HNO3, N2O and O3 are shown for five time periods during the course of the 1994-95 Arctic winter. Results are compared with lower stratospheric potential vorticity fields to describe variations in trace gas column amounts.
Stand von Forschung und Technik

Dieses Kapitel diskutiert bekannte Ansatze zur Optimierung, Analyse und Reprasentation von Programmen. Zunachst untersuchen wir, welche Ansatze fur die Optimierungsprobleme aus Abschnitt 2.2 bereits verfugbar sind, und in wie weit sie unsere Anforderungen erfullen.
Revision of the West Indian Cyrtosoma Perty (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Cnodalonini), with Descriptions of Three New Species

TheWest Indian Cyrtosoma Perty are revised. Three species are described: Cyrtosoma dominicae Spiessberger and Ivie, new species from Dominica; Cyrtosoma luciae Spiessberger and Ivie, new species from Saint Lucia; and Cyrtosoma vincenti Spiessberger and Ivie, new species from Saint Vincent. A key to theWest Indian species of Cyrtosoma is provided. Authorship of Cyrtosoma lherminierii (Guerin-Meneville) is clarified. Platydema piceaLaporte and Brulle, 1831 is placed in Hesiodus Champion as Hesiodus piceus (Laporte and Brulle), new combination, a senior synonym of Hesiodus caraibus Fleutiaux and Salle, new synonymy.
Three-dimensional structure and formation mechanisms of Y2O3 hollow-precipitates in a Cu-based metallic glass

Abstract Recently, the high ductility of Cu-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) has been directly linked to the presence of Y2O3 precipitates, and surrounding crystallized areas. Nevertheless, the formation of the precipitates remains to be defined. In this work, the structure of Y2O3 precipitates and crystallized zones of the BMG are investigated at the nanoscale in three-dimensions, shining light on their spatial distribution and their origin. Two kinds of precipitates were observed: small solid ones and large hollow ones. The mechanism proposed to explain the formation of hollow-precipitates is based on the Kirkendall effect. A model was implemented to assess the feasibility of this mechanism with the experimental results. Moreover, our results suggest that micro and nano-crystallized areas within the BMG are induced by the presence of yttria precipitates, with a correspondence between the size of the precipitate and the size of the crystallized areas.
Staged CERCLA Remediation vs. Biogeochemical Cycling: How the Seventh Circuit Compartmentalized the Environment in Frey v. EPA , and Why Polychlorinated Biphenyls Don’t Care

For decades, toxic chemicals have leaked from disposed electronic equipment into the environment at several sites around Bloomington, Indiana. The contamination has resulted in a series of lawsuits concerning when citizens may bring legal claims in order to have input in the cleanup process. The Seventh Circuit, in Frey v. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, held that section 113(h)(4) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, or CERCLA, bars review of the EPA’s planned or pending stages of an environmental cleanup. The court held, however, that CERCLA allows review of completed stages of a cleanup as long as they are not directly related to the EPA’s new remediation plans. This Comment argues that although the decision is a sensible legal compromise, it ignores the established scientific concept of biogeochemical cycling: matter is not static, it moves throughout the many compartments of Earth’s surface. The Seventh Circuit’s decision ignores this scientific truth and instead creates illusory distinctions between environmental compartments in order to satisfy a legal rule. Although the decision ignores the process of biogeochemical cycling, it nonetheless creates a predictable precedent. Additionally, this Comment argues that the Seventh Circuit’s decision will not have a practical impact on the remediation of the Bloomington, Indiana sites, or any other CERCLA cleanup sites in the court’s jurisdiction, because the EPA’s remediation plans, which account for biogeochemical cycling, will continue unaffected.
Risk Factors for Opioid Use Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) in a Cohort of 21,202 ACLR

Objectives:The misuse of opioid medication has contributed to a significant national crisis affecting public health, as well as patient morbidity and medical costs. We sought to determine baseline ...