cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SHORELINE ANALYSIS USING DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY

This paper discusses the application of digital photogrammetry to the analysis of shoreline change with examples from Holden Beach, NC. Beach cross sections are generated from a three dimensional stereo image. These profiles are then used to determine shoreline position and erosion rates. The paper compares these rates of shoreline change with those determined from the more traditional methodology based on the two dimensional interpretation of the wet-dry line. The paper also illustrates the improved accuracy obtained by using survey grade GPS as opposed to USGS topographic maps to establish ground control.
Determination of chlorobenzenes in drinking water and water source by headspace gas chromatography

Objective:To establish the determination method of chlorobenzenes in drinking water and water source by headspace gas chromatography.Methods:The chlorobenzenes in drinking water and water source were determined by Agilent headspace gas chromatography,neutral capillary column(DB225,30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm) and temperature programming.Results:11 chlorobenzenes were separated well.The method detection limits(MDL) of chlorobenzenes were 0.005~1.3 μg/L.The linear rang of BTEX standard curve were 0.005~100 μg/L(r:0.99~0.999).The relative standard deviation and the recovery of chlorobenzenes were 1%~14% and 70%~130%,respectively.Conclusion:The method is simple,sensitive,accurate and rapid.
Evaluation of Uncertainty for determination of 12 metallic elements in water by ICP-OES

[Objective]To evaluate the uncertainty for determination of 12 metallic elements in water by ICP-OES.[Methods]The mathematical model was established according to JJF1059-1999 "Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement".The source of uncertainty was analyzed,and the uncertainty within a certain range of elements concentrations was calculated.[Results]Determination of 12 kinds of metallic elements in water showed different uncertainty results.[Conclusion]The evaluation of uncertainty can obtain the accuracy of results of determination of 12 metallic elements in water by ICP-OES,and assure the detection quality.
Frequency Effects in Morpheme Segmentation.

The present study explores the effects of frequency in learning to parse novel morphological patterns. In two experiments, suffixes were divided into three classes: high, medium and low frequency, based on the proportion of stems in the input that each suffix attached to (high frequency = 12/12, medium frequency = 6/12, and low frequency = 2/12). In Experiment 1, learners were better at segmenting words containing high frequency suffixes compared to low frequency suffixes, even when the stems were novel. In Experiment 2, token frequency was controlled for across all three suffix frequency classes, but learners were still better at segmenting high frequency suffixes, even when words containing high frequency suffixes were less frequent. These results suggest that learners are sensitive to the frequency distributions of the morphemes in their language, supporting work suggesting that a Zipfian distribution may be ideal for language learning.
Pearls & Oy-sters: Episodic ataxia type 2: Case report and review of the literature.

A 38-year-old man presented to our clinic for evaluation of increasingly frequent spells of gait instability, diplopia, vertigo, and dysarthria. These spells began at 12 years of age. Initially, he experienced isolated periods of vertigo without accompanying symptoms. He told no family or friends of his problem at the time. Two years later, the symptoms progressed, manifesting as semistereotyped episodes characterized by a shock-like sensation radiating from his neck down his back followed by binocular diplopia, vertigo, gait instability, mental clouding, and nausea lasting 2–8 hours. Later, he experienced dysarthria during spells. Interictally, he returned to his baseline except for a persistent mild diplopia.
Iron deficiency: lessons from anemic mice.

Abstract Iron is an essential nutrient, and disorders of iron metabolism are common. Nonetheless, intestinal iron absorption and cellular iron transport are poorly understood. Biochemical approaches to elucidating these processes have yielded little in the past decade. As an alternative approach, we have begun to study spontaneous mouse mutants, that have inherited defects in key steps in iron transport. We have undertaken positional cloning of the gene responsible for microcytic anemia (gene symbol mk). This report describes the important characteristics of these mice, and our progress in studying them.
Ileal conduit venous varices from portal hypertension as a cause of recurrent, massive hemorrhage : case report and review of the literature

AbstractVariceal bleeding from an ileal conduit stoma is an uncommon complication of portal venous hypertension. We report on a 59-year-old man who experienced frequent and severe bleeding episodes from the parastomal skin and mucosa of an ileal conduit requiring multiple blood transfusions. A mesenteric angiogram showed portal hypertension and large varices around the ileal conduit. Resolution of the dilated cutaneous veins occurred after a portosystemic shunt and he has had no further bleeding episodes. Recognition of this unusual complication of ileostomy formation is important for urological surgeons who may encounter patients with liver disease requiring urinary diversion.
The Russian Press and Images of the United States

This chapter examines changes in the Russian press (the Soviet press’s most direct descendant) and Russian images of the United States five years after the fall of the Soviet Union. The goal of the chapter is to outline implications of the transition towards a free press system for the print media and analyze how these changes, and particularly Russia’s search for a new identity, have influenced the press’s depiction of the United States. It will be argued that in spite of the difficult challenge posed by the transition to a free press system, Russian press content is pluralistic and demonstrates great diversity both in its approach to the United States and in the news values underlying editorial approaches. The Russian press, for all of its financial difficulties, has the capacity to express competing interpretations of Russia’s present and advocate for alternative visions of her future.
Individual differences in sense of classroom community

The paper proposed reports a causal-comparative study that were conducted to examine whether the sense of community development differs by students' characteristics in both traditional and online course setting. Subjects comprise 171 undergraduate students enrolled in a major American university. Specifically, the researchers investigate whether students' learning preference, gender, and peer-acquaintance level influence their sense of community after controlling for initial differences, and whether their sense of community correlates with course grades.
Stochastic Differential Equations and Martingale Problems

Linear equations and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes; strong existence, uniqueness, and nonexplosion criteria; weak solutions and local martingale problems; well-posedness and measurability; pathwise uniqueness and functional solution; weak existence and continuity; transformation of SDEs; strong Markov and Feller properties
Embracing the Surface: How to Read a Life Narrative

To teach life narrative is to teach empathetic practice. This requires teaching students that life narrative employs specific writing techniques. Through the practice of “surface reading”, students...
Reduced acute neuroinflammation and improved functional recovery after traumatic brain injury by α-linolenic acid supplementation in mice

Background Adequate consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is vital for normal development and functioning of the central nervous system. The long-chain n-3 PUFAs docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid are anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective in the models of central nervous system injury including traumatic brain injury (TBI). In the present study, we tested whether a higher brain DHA status in a mouse model on an adequate dietary α-linolenic acid (ALA) leads to reduced neuroinflammation and improved spontaneous recovery after TBI in comparison to a moderately lowered brain DHA status that can occur in humans.
Documentary REAL-ism: Catfish and This Is Not a Film

This article explores two recent documentary films, one of which may not be a documentary, the other of which may not be a film. Although starkly different in their subject matter and political stakes, both Catfish (Ariel Schulman and Henry Joost, 2010) and This Is Not a Film (Jafar Panahi and Mojtaba Mirtahmasb, 2011) point to underappreciated dimensions of filmic realism, in particular its propensity to evoke what I will call Real-ism—i.e. hints of the Real that emerge precisely when the symbolic framework governing reality becomes imperiled. Drawing upon Jacques Lacan’s notion of the Real and Jacques Ranciere’s concept of the “aesthetic regime,” I will suggest that elements of conventional filmic realism have the potential to produce a politically destabilizing Real-ism which, rather than involving the representation of reality in any recognizable form, calls forth that which is necessarily excluded/repressed from the symbolic framework.
An advanced low power, high performance, strained channel 65nm technology

An advanced low power, strained channel, dual poly CMOS 65nm technology with enhanced transistor performance is presented. At 1V and off current of 100nA/mum, transistors have record currents of 1.21mA/mum and 0.71mA/mum for NMOS and PMOS respectively. This industry leading 65nm technology is currently in high volume manufacturing
Developing air traffic flow management plays

This publication describes the collection, processing, and analysis of historical data describing air traffic flow management initiatives. The goal of the work is the definition and exploration of traffic flow management plays, collections of initiatives frequently implemented together. Raw data consisting of advisories issued by the Federal Aviation Administration's Air Traffic Control System Command Center were processed to yield feature data describing initiatives implemented in the New York area. The features used are based on the available scientific literature and documents describing operational air traffic control. Example features describing an initiative include plan time, the difference between when advisories first mention the initiative and when the initiative goes into effect, and cancel time, the difference between when an initiative ends and the latest planned end time according to any relevant advisory. Individual initiatives were categorized according to their features and market basket analysis was applied to see which combinations of initiatives were frequently implemented together. Market basket analysis also provided association rules. For example the implementation, before 14:00 GMT, of a Ground Delay Program for flights destined for LaGuardia Airport greatly increases the chances of there being a Ground Stop at LaGuardia by 16:00 GMT.
Minimally-constrained multilingual embeddings via artificial code-switching

We present a method that consumes a large corpus of multilingual text and produces a single, unified word embedding in which the word vectors generalize across languages. In contrast to current approaches that require language identification, our method is agnostic about the languages with which the documents in the corpus are expressed, and does not rely on parallel corpora to constrain the spaces. Instead we utilize a small set of human provided word translations— which are often freely and readily available. We can encode such word translations as hard constraints in the model's objective functions; however, we find that we can more naturally constrain the space by allowing words in one language to borrow distributional statistics from context words in another language. We achieve this via a process we term artificial code-switching. As the name suggests, we induce code-switching so that words across multiple languages appear in contexts together. Not only do embedding models trained on code-switched data learn common cross-lingual structure, the common structure allows an NLP model trained in a source language to generalize to multiple target languages (achieving up to 80% of the accuracy of models trained with target-language data).
The Politics of Settling Shoreham

The Reactions to the Settlement Under the settlement Shoreham would close. By early 1989 seventy percent of the people on Long Island favored this, and 20–25 percent opposed abandoning the plant. Electricity rates would increase about sixty percent over ten years. While some of the increase would occur in any event due to inflation, paying for Shoreham—whether the plant operated or not-was the major factor underlying the rate increases facing Long Island. Governor Cuomo argued that a large rate increase was inevitable, and the settlement allowed the lowest possible increase. But the settlement was rejected both by those who felt that LILCO was “getting off” too easily-the symbol of a “sixty percent rate increase” was powerful~and by those who objected to scrapping a functional 804 MW power plant.
Brain Macrophages in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected, Antiretroviral-Suppressed Macaques: a Functional Latent Reservoir.

ABSTRACT A human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection cure requires an understanding of the cellular and anatomical sites harboring virus that contribute to viral rebound upon treatment interruption. Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are reported in HIV-infected individuals on ART. Biomarkers for macrophage activation and neuronal damage in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of HIV-infected individuals demonstrate continued effects of HIV in brain and suggest that the central nervous system (CNS) may serve as a viral reservoir. Using a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/macaque model for HIV encephalitis and AIDS, we evaluated whether infected cells persist in brain despite ART. Eight SIV-infected pig-tailed macaques were virally suppressed with ART, and plasma and CSF viremia levels were analyzed longitudinally. To assess whether virus persisted in brain macrophages (BrMΦ) in these macaques, we used a macrophage quantitative viral outgrowth assay (MΦ-QVOA), PCR, and in situ hybridization (ISH) to measure the frequency of infected cells and the levels of viral RNA and DNA in brain. Viral RNA in brain tissue of suppressed macaques was undetectable, although viral DNA was detected in all animals. The MΦ-QVOA demonstrated that the majority of suppressed animals contained latently infected BrMΦ. We also showed that virus produced in the MΦ-QVOAs was replication competent, suggesting that latently infected BrMΦ are capable of reestablishing productive infection upon treatment interruption. This report provides the first confirmation of the presence of replication-competent SIV in BrMΦ of ART-suppressed macaques and suggests that the highly debated issue of viral latency in macrophages, at least in brain, has been addressed in SIV-infected macaques treated with ART. IMPORTANCE Resting CD4+ T cells are currently the only cells that fit the definition of a latent reservoir. However, recent evidence suggests that HIV/SIV-infected macrophages persist despite ART. Markers of macrophage activation and neuronal damage are observed in the CSF of HIV-infected individuals and of SIV-infected macaques on suppressive ART regimens, suggesting that the CNS has continued virus infection and latent infection. A controversy exists as to whether brain macrophages represent a latent source of replication-competent virus capable of reestablishing infection upon treatment interruption. In this study, we demonstrated the presence of the latent macrophage reservoir in brains of SIV-infected ART-treated macaques and analyzed the reservoir using our established outgrowth assay to quantitate macrophages harboring replication-competent SIV genomes. Our results support the idea of the existence of other latent reservoirs in addition to resting CD4+ T cells and underscore the importance of macrophages in developing strategies to eradicate HIV.
Taxonomic changes in Salyavatinae (Heteroptera: Reduviidae), with an updated generic key

The genera of Salyavatinae are briefly discussed. Nudiscutella frontispina Murugan & Livingstone, 1990 is considered a junior synonym of Paralisarda malabarica Miller, 1957 syn. nov. Thirteen species are transferred from Petalocheirus Palisot de Beauvois, 1805 and the following new combinations are proposed: Alvilla gulosa (Miller, 1940) comb. nov.; Alvilla obesa (Miller, 1940) comb. nov.; Alvilla spinosissima (Distant, 1903) comb. nov.; Alvilla tyrannus (Miller, 1940) comb. nov.; Platychiria congolensis (Miller, 1950) comb. nov.; Platychiria lapidaria (Miller, 1950) comb. nov.; Platychiria montana (Miller, 1950) comb. nov.; Platychiria praecox (Miller, 1950) comb. nov.; Platychiria similis (Miller, 1950) comb. nov.; Platychiria striata (Miller, 1950) comb. nov.; Platychiria ugandensis (Miller, 1950) comb. nov.; Platychiria unicolor (Miller, 1950) comb. nov.; and Rhachicephala fasciata (Distant, 1903) comb. nov.. Petalocheirus singularis Walker, 1873 is resurrected from synonymy under Petalocheirus malayus Stal, 1859 and transferred to Rhachicephala Truong, Zhao & Cai, 2007, resulting in Rhachicephala singularis (Walker, 1873) stat. rev. et comb. nov. A supplementary description of the female of Valentia langkawiensis Miller, 1940 is included. An updated key to the world genera of Salyavatinae concludes the study.
Complementary Collections in Ligeti’s Désordre

This paper examines one aspect of Ligeti’s approach to writing music that is neither tonal nor atonal—the use of complementary collections to achieve what Richard Steinitz has termed combinatorial tonality. After a brief introduction, the paper explores properties of the intervallic content both within and between complementary collections, which I term the intra- and inter-harmonies. In particular, the inter-harmonies are useful in understanding harmonic control in works based on complementary collections, as demonstrated by revisiting Lawrence Quinnett’s analysis of Ligeti’s first Piano Etude, Desordre.
Modeling Psychotherapy Encounters: Rupture and Repair

In this chapter, we present an extension of the mathematical model of the therapeutic relationship developed by Liebovitch and Peluso by investigating relationship ruptures. We present a simulation work that models a repair to relationship ruptures and investigates its potential impact on the success of the therapy. This new model suggests that an intervention of the therapist to repair the relationship with client is an effective way of preventing the client from falling into negative affective states that the therapist considers detrimental to the therapy process.
A Person-Centered Approach to Understanding Teachers' Classroom Practices and Perceived School Goal Structures

ABSTRACTWe examined 179 teachers' perceptions of their own classroom practices and their school's motivational climate to illuminate the ways these perceptions work in concert. Using teachers' responses to two scales of the Patterns of Adaptive Learning Survey, a cluster analysis revealed three profiles of teachers described as cluster 1: Aligned: Performance Moderate, Mastery High: We agree with everything!; cluster 2: Aligned: Performance Low, Mastery High: Yea to Mastery! Nay to Performance!; and cluster 3: Unaligned: Classroom Mastery with School Performance: We're Mastery Structured in a Performance School. Cluster analyses revealed significant differences suggesting these teacher groups had distinct profiles. This study adds to the literature on goal theory aimed at understanding and advancing teachers' motivationally supportive practices and can be used in teacher education and development to help teachers identify, reflect on, and understand their classroom goal structures and how they relate to s...
Development of a chemical microarray technology

DNA microarray techniques have been developed in recent years as a powerful tool for genomic analysis [1]. In this method, hundreds to thousands of genes (cDNA) are immobilized as individual tiny spots on glass microscope slides and fluorescent-labeled mRNA are then used to probe the microarray of genes. Here, we report on the development of a related technology, the chemical microarray technology. In this method, we first immobilize a collection of peptides or small molecules on the surface of a glass microscope slide in a microarray format. This chemical microarray is then probed or analyzed by a variety of binding and functional assays.
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma

Cutaneous lymphomas are mainly T-cell in origin (CTCL), and although the majority of these cases are mycosis fungoides (MF), CTCL should not be used synonymously with MF. Other primary CTCL subtypes include variants of MF, Sezary syndrome (SS), anaplastic large T-cell cutaneous lymphoma, lymphomatoid papulosis, and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma.
Solid carbon production and recovery from high temperature methane pyrolysis in bubble columns containing molten metals and molten salts

Abstract We study methane pyrolysis in a bubble column reactor consisting of a layer of molten NiBi alloy, and a molten salt layer floating on the metal layer. The molten metal is a pyrolysis catalyst; the molten salt layer is added for removing contaminants from the carbon product. Methane is introduced at the bottom of the reactor and the rising bubbles contain reactant and product gases together with metal vapor and flakes of solid carbon. When the bubbles rise through the molten salt layer the metal vapor condenses producing dense liquid metal droplets, which sink to the metal phase; the low-density carbon rises to the top of the salt layer. The carbon generated from the single-phase molten NiBi reactor has a different structure from that produced in the two-phase NiBi/salt reactor. The amount of metal in the carbon product is less than 5 wt %, in the two-phase reactor, compared to 83 wt % in the NiBi single-phase reactor. After subsequent purification steps one obtains solid carbon with less than 2.0 wt % salt contamination and no detectable metal contamination.
Liver Resection and HIPEC

Synchronous intra-parenchymal hepatic involvement (HI) in patients with peritoneal disease (PD) has traditionally served as a contraindication for cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). However, several studies have demonstrated the feasibility and safety of combined liver resection with CRS/HIPEC in well-selected patients with synchronous HI and PD. In patients with low-grade appendiceal (LGA) primaries, HI is generally superficial peritoneal surface disease and functions as a marker for greater volume of disease, rather than contraindication to resection. In patients with colorectal or high-grade appendiceal (HGA) primaries, HI is associated with decreased disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), but with the addition of preoperative systemic chemotherapy, a meaningful survival benefit can still be achieved with CRS/HIPEC. In patients with colorectal primaries, major complication rates range from 31% to 47% in patients with HI and 11% to 31% in patients without HI. Thirty-day mortality in patients with HI ranges from 0 to 3%, and 0.6% to 5% in patients without HI. Median OS is 13 to 35.3 months in patients with HI, and from 21 to 45.5 months in patients without HI. In all cases, well-selected patients may benefit from CRS/HIPEC when a complete cytoreduction can be achieved.
Detection of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Using a Convolutional Neural Network-Enabled Electrocardiogram

Abstract Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an uncommon but important cause of sudden cardiac death. Objectives This study sought to develop an artificial intelligence approach for the detection of HCM based on 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG). Methods A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained and validated using digital 12-lead ECG from 2,448 patients with a verified HCM diagnosis and 51,153 non-HCM age- and sex-matched control subjects. The ability of the CNN to detect HCM was then tested on a different dataset of 612 HCM and 12,788 control subjects. Results In the combined datasets, mean age was 54.8 ± 15.9 years for the HCM group and 57.5 ± 15.5 years for the control group. After training and validation, the area under the curve (AUC) of the CNN in the validation dataset was 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94 to 0.97) at the optimal probability threshold of 11% for having HCM. When applying this probability threshold to the testing dataset, the CNN’s AUC was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.95 to 0.96) with sensitivity 87% and specificity 90%. In subgroup analyses, the AUC was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.94 to 0.97) among patients with left ventricular hypertrophy by ECG criteria and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.90 to 1.00) among patients with a normal ECG. The model performed particularly well in younger patients (sensitivity 95%, specificity 92%). In patients with HCM with and without sarcomeric mutations, the model-derived median probabilities for having HCM were 97% and 96%, respectively. Conclusions ECG-based detection of HCM by an artificial intelligence algorithm can be achieved with high diagnostic performance, particularly in younger patients. This model requires further refinement and external validation, but it may hold promise for HCM screening.
Home educational contexts of Asian American children: Disentangling the effects of structural and cultural factors

Abstract Asian Americans excel across educational measures relative to other racial/ethnic groups and their educational advantage is already sizable at kindergarten entry. Although much research has focused on the educational achievement gap between Asian Americans and other groups, little is known about the home educational contexts of these children. Informed by an integrative framework that accounts for the effects of cultural orientation, social class, and minority status on home contexts, the study examined a broad array of home environment dimensions faced by children of Asian American mothers (e.g., educational expectations and emphasis on education, educational materials and learning activities at home, parent–child relationships, and organized activities outside the home) and compared these with the home contexts of children of White, Hispanic, and Black mothers, drawing from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–2011 (ECLS-K: 2011). Propensity score matching techniques revealed that differences between Asian and non-Asian American children's home dimensions were largely explained by socioeconomic status (SES). Asian American parents’ educational expectations were higher than those of Whites, but comparable to those of non-White parents with similar SES levels. Asian Americans were significantly more likely than others to expose their children to extracurricular and family activities outside the home. Asian American homes, especially those with foreign-born mothers, were more likely than their SES-equivalent peers to consider schools in residential decisions. Findings of this study are framed within the persistent discussions – and sometimes contradictory conclusions – about how cultural vis-a-vis structural factors affect the home context of Asian American children.
Cold Plasma and Electric Field Induced Change in Electric Properties of Cancer Cells in Vitro

Nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) have shown effectiveness for the treatment of tumors in vitro. Similarly, nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field (nsPEF) has been investigated as anti-cancer therapy for its ability to permeabilize cells, disrupt electrolytes/ions balance and create oxidative injury. We report here the effects of a nanosecond pulsed APPJ and nsPEF employed alone or in combination on pancreatic cancer cells (Pan02) viability, proliferation and loss of integrity when cells were seeded as a monolayer. Driven by >8 kV, 200 ns pulses at 2 kHz, the APPJ completely inhibited cells proliferation after 1 min treatment when compared to control (p 0.05). Additionally, we confirmed the APPJ’s ability to disrupt cancer "stability" by provoking changes in transepithelial resistance, indicating an irreversible cell injury (p<0.001), after the APPJ treatment for 3 min. As the impedance of compromised or dying cells are different, typically lower than cancer cells 1 , this study examines the synergistic effects of the APPJ and nsPEF with additional information on the bioeffects .
Utility of peak torque and rate of torque development characteristics to identify walking performance ability in older women.

Objectives It is unclear whether peak torque and rate of torque development (RTD) measurements can characterize functional differences in older adults according to their performance on a six-minute walk test. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of isometric peak torque and RTD characteristics of the knee extensors to differentiate between functional status in older women who are able (higher functioning) versus those who are unable (lower functioning) to walk 550 m in six minutes. Methods Ten higher functioning (67±4 years) and 10 lower functioning (68±4 years) older women performed three isometric knee extension maximal voluntary contractions followed by a six-minute walk test. Peak torque and early (RTD100), late (RTD200), and maximum (Peak RTD) RTD measurements were obtained from each contraction. Results The higher functioning group exhibited greater peak torque, Peak RTD, RTD100, and RTD200 compared to the lower functioning group (P≤0.011), with larger differences occurring for RTD characteristics (39.9-54.9%) than peak torque (20.3%). Multiple regression analysis indicated that RTD200 was the single best predictor of the distance covered during the six-minute walk test (R2=0.437, P=0.002). Conclusions These findings suggest that knee extensor muscle strength, and in particular RTD, may be an effective discriminator and predictor of walking performance ability in older women.
For Harold Lasswell: Some Reflections on Human Dignity, Entrapment, Informed Consent, and the Plea Bargain

Whether they know it or not, students, practitioners and teachers of law have been and continue to be influenced in their work by the work of Harold D. Lasswell. Like a lawyer's lawyer, he has for more than three decades been the legal scholar's scholar. He has jarred the cakes of custom in legal education and given us an agenda for study designed to clarify the goals and alternatives implicit in the process and substance of decisionmaking in law. He has made the law-trained person conscious of what now seems obvious, i.e., that law (including its administration) forms an integral part of the social system; that it is a decision process for formulating and implementing policy concerned with the regulation of coercive force to accord with preferred values; that it encompasses a complex continuum of decisions between and within levels of authority for local, state, regional, national and international communities; and that the study and appraisal of law require identifying and clarifying both the multiple functions of each decisionmaker and the values and consequences at issue in each decision.' Emphasizing a contextual and policy-oriented approach to the study of the decision process, Lasswell sought something more discriminating in terms of function than the traditional "legislative, executive and judicial." With regard to decisions in each of these divisions, he asked seven questions which refer to what now may be perceived as seven traditional functions: "How is the information [intelligence] which comes to the attention of decision makers gathered and processed? How are recommendations made and promoted? How are general rules prescribed? How are general rules provisionally invoked in reference to conduct? How are general rules applied? How is the working of pre-
The lived experience of being at home. A phenomenological investigation.

Objective To describe the essential structure of the lived experience of feeling at home for older adults relocated to alternative care settings which provide some degree of supervision. Methods A purposive sample of 10 relocated older adults in three settings (i.e., one life care and two long-term care facilities) was studied using a qualitative design. Data were gathered through interviews and analyzed using Giorgi's (1985) method of phenomenology. Findings Fourteen themes existing in a dialectic of "at home" versus "not at home" emerged and were integrated into the essential structure of the phenomenon of home. Elders who felt at home had strong feelings of satisfaction with their lives, security, autonomy, and purpose. Those older adults who did not feel at home were anxious, angry, and depressed, and were consumed by a desire to be elsewhere. Conclusions Some individuals have great difficulty establishing a sense of home in alternative settings. Methods of assessing older adults and designing interventions that contribute to establishing a sense of home could prove valuable in enhancing the quality of life for those who must spend their remaining years in settings other than their traditional homes.
Immunochemical and Enzymatic Comparisons of the Tryptophan Synthase α Subunits from Five Species of Enterobacteriaceae

The reactive surface structures of α subunits of tryptophan synthase from Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhimurium, Aerobacter aerogenes, and Serratia marcescens were compared by measuring (i) their reactivities in micro-complement-fixation assays with antibodies directed specifically to E. coli wild-type α subunit, (ii) their reactivities in enzyme neutralization assays with the same antibodies, and (iii) their binding affinities for tryptophan synthase β2 subunits. The enzymes from the four heterologous species cross-reacted in the microcomplement-fixation assays with the anti-E. coli α subunit antibodies, each to a different degree. However, neutralization titers of the antibodies reacting with the various α subunits were comparatively similar, and the β2 subunit-binding and -stimulating abilities of the α subunits were even more closely alike. The results suggested that the tertiary structure of the β2 subunit-binding site of the α subunit has been conserved, relative to the rest of the molecule, during the evolutionary divergence of the species of Enterobacteriaceae.
Location Management in 4G Wireless Heterogeneous Networks using Mobile Data Mining Techniques

The design of the location management technique aims to reduce the signaling overhead in the mobile networks and to deliver the calls correctly. None of the current location management techniques have been designed for the new structure of 4G wireless heterogeneous networks (WHN). In this paper, we propose and evaluate a new location management technique (LM-WHN) for 4G WHN using data mining technology. Multidimensional sequence mining techniques are used in this to extract the mobility patterns of the mobile users. The new location management technique uses these patterns to predict the location of the mobile users inside the 4G WHN. This helps to reduce the communication overhead that is required to determine the location of the mobile users. Data mining tasks in the proposed technique are distributed between the mobile handsets (MHs) in the 4G WHN. Simulation was conducted to evaluate the performance of the posed location management technique and to compare its performance with other techniques. Simulation results show that we can predict the user locations with high accuracy using the proposed technique. Also simulation results show that the delay in the proposed technique is slightly higher than the delay in the non-predictive location management technique
Enhancement of Behavioral and Electroencephalographic Indices of Waking following Stimulation of Noradrenergic β-Receptors within the Medial Septal Region of the Basal Forebrain

Previous studies in halothane-anesthetized rat documented potent electroencephalographic (EEG) modulatory actions of the locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic system, with LC neuronal activity causally related to the maintenance of EEG activity patterns associated with enhanced arousal/alertness. Recent studies, also in halothane-anesthetized rat, demonstrated that the region of the basal forebrain encompassing the medial septum/vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca (MS) is a site at which noradrenergic efferents act to influence EEG state via actions at beta-receptors. These and other observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the LC noradrenergic system participates in the modulation of behavioral state. However, the degree to which this system modulates EEG state in the absence of anesthesia and to what extent such actions are accompanied by behavioral modulatory actions remain to be determined. The current studies examined whether small infusions of isoproterenol (ISO), a beta-adrenergic agonist, into MS alter behavioral, EEG, and electromyographic (EMG) measures of sleep and waking in the resting, undisturbed rat. These infusions resulted in a significant increase in time spent awake, defined by both behavioral and EEG/EMG measures, and in the nearly complete suppression of REM sleep. EEG/EMG responses either coincided with or preceded behavioral responses by 10-320 sec. The pattern of behavioral responses observed following MS-ISO infusions was qualitatively similar to that associated with normal waking. Infusions of vehicle into MS or ISO into sites adjacent to MS did not elicit consistent alterations in behavioral state. These results suggest that the LC noradrenergic system exerts potent behavioral and EEG-activating effects via actions of norepinephrine at beta-receptors located within MS.
Mitoguazone therapy in patients with refractory or relapsed AIDS-related lymphoma: results from a multicenter phase II trial.

PURPOSEPatients with AIDS-related lymphoma usually have extensive lymphomatous disease, with relatively frequent involvement of the CNS. Approximately half may achieve complete remission after chemotherapy. Mitoguazone, an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, has demonstrated efficacy in patients with de novo recurrent lymphoma. The drug is relatively nonmyelotoxic and may cross the blood-brain barrier. The current study was designed to assess the safety and potential efficacy of mitoguazone in patients with relapsed or refractory AIDS-lymphoma.PATIENTS AND METHODSThirty-five patients were accrued, all of whom had failed one (51%) or multiple (two to six) prior regimens. Mitoguazone (600 mg/m2) was given intravenously on days 1 and 8, and then every 2 weeks, until best response, progression, or toxicity.RESULTSThe median age was 39 years. High-grade lymphoma was diagnosed in 29 patients (83%). Extranodal disease was present in 30 patients (86%), with multiple extranodal sites (two to seven) in 18 (51%). T...
Big Data, Big Questions| The Big Data Divide

This article extends the notion of a “big data divide” to describe the asymmetric relationship between those who collect, store, and mine large quantities of data, and those whom data collection targets. It argues that this key distinction highlights differential access to ways of thinking about and using data that potentially exacerbate power imbalances in the digital era. Drawing on original survey and interview findings about public attitudes toward collection and use of personal information, it maintains that the inability to anticipate the potential uses of such data is a defining attribute of data-mining processes, and thus of the forms of sorting and targeting that result from them.
Importance of the sex of worker and client

Mary C. Schwartz, MSW, is Assistant Professor, School of Social Policy and Community Ser vices, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York. The social work profession has finally learned the necessity of examining the ef fects of class, ethnicity, and race on social work thinking. But it continues to under value the importance of the sex factor. The purpose of this article is to examine social work writing in regard to the profes sion's awareness of the importance of sex in its work. Social workers are beginning to view the unisex concept of human be havior as unrealistic. Noticeably, this view is similar to their feelings about the melt ing-pot concept, which they felt was naive and inadequate in its representation of various groups. Increasingly, they realize that support systems, opportunity struc tures, aging patterns, emotional styles, and expectations of child-rearing, marriage, and work roles of the two sexes need to be taken more into account.
The equations of moist advection: a unilateral problem

In an earlier article, the authors discussed the uniqueness of solutions for moist advection problems. This article dealt with a simplified case in which the saturation specific humidity qs—which is a slightly varying function of temperature—was assumed to be constant. In trying to extend the results of Temam and Tribbia to the case where qs is not constant, it appeared that the equations of moist advection in this case were not coherent in the extreme cases where the atmosphere is totally dry or totally humid. The aim of this article is to describe this difficulty and propose a mathematically satisfying solution in the context of so-called variational inequalities.
Mid-twenty-first century warm season climate change in the Central United States. Part I: regional and global model predictions

A regional climate model (RCM) constrained by future anomalies averaged from atmosphere–ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) simulations is used to generate mid-twenty-first century climate change predictions at 30-km resolution over the central U.S. The predictions are compared with those from 15 AOGCM and 7 RCM dynamic downscaling simulations to identify common climate change signals. There is strong agreement among the multi-model ensemble in predicting wetter conditions in April and May over the northern Great Plains and drier conditions over the southern Great Plains in June through August for the mid-twenty-first century. Projected changes in extreme daily precipitation are statistically significant over only a limited portion of the central U.S. in the RCM constrained with future anomalies. Projected changes in monthly mean 2-m air temperature are generally consistent across the AOGCM ensemble average, North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program RCM ensemble average, and RCM constrained with future anomalies, which produce a maximum increase in August of 2.4–2.9 K over the northern and southern Great Plains and Midwest. Changes in extremes in daily 2-m air temperature from the RCM downscaled with anomalies are statistically significant over nearly the entire Great Plains and Midwest and indicate a positive shift in the warm tail of the daily 2-m temperature distribution that is larger than the positive shift in the cold tail.
Subliminal Self-Help Tapes and Academic Achievement: An Evaluation.

Marketing claims of effectiveness in improving academic achievement through the use of commercially prepared subliminal audiotapes were investigated. Students enrolled in a career development class were randomly assigned to an active treatment group (n=25), an inactive treatment group (n=26), or a control group (n=22). Participants in the treatment group listened to tapes with subliminal affirmations masked by ocean waves. The inactive treatment group listened to placebo tapes with ocean waves but no subliminal messages. Dependent variables used were final examination scores from the class and current semester grade point average. No treatment differences on either dependent measure were found. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Differentiation and degeneration of crayfish photoreceptors in darkness

Photoreceptor cells of the compound eye were studied electron microscopically in crayfish Procambarus clarki that had been grown in complete darkness for 11 weeks. Since the microvilli of recently differentiated retinula cells appeared uniform in size and were regularly oriented, light is not necessary for their development. Variability in size of microvilli due to enlargement and disruption of their normal orientation became progressively greater with the age of the cell, therefore, light is needed for maintenance of normal features and apparently of function. Behavioral experiments with 2 older light-deprived animals indicated that they were blind.
Synthesis and evaluation of electron-rich curcumin analogues.

The natural product curcumin has long been recognized for its medicinal properties and is utilized for the treatment of many diseases. However, it remains unknown whether this activity is based on its presumably promiscuous scaffold, or if it results from the Michael acceptor properties of the α,β-unsaturated 1,3-diketone moiety central to its structure. To probe this issue, electron-rich pyrazole and isoxazole analogues were prepared and evaluated against two breast cancer cell lines, which resulted in the identification of several compounds that exhibit low micromolar to mid nanomolar anti-proliferative activity. A conjugate addition study was also performed to compare the relative electrophilicity of the diketone, pyrazole and isoxazole analogues.
Modeling and Observer-Based Robust Tracking Control of a Nano/Micro-Manipulator for Nanofiber Grasping Applications

This paper presents the modeling and control of a nano/micro-manipulator for use in nano-fiber grasping and nano-fabric production. The RRP (Revolute-Revolute-Prismatic) manipulator considered here utilizes two rotational motors with 10-7 rad resolution and one linear Nanomotor® with 0.25nm resolution. Weighing just 30g and having short lever arms (<5cm), the manipulator is capable of achieving well-behaved kinematic characteristics without backlash and with atomic scale precision to guarantee accurate manipulation at nanoscale. A mathematical model of the micromanipulator is formulated and both direct and inverse kinematics of the system as well as dynamic equations are presented. Several controllers for manipulator positioning tracking are derived and analyzed extensively. Unlike typical macroscale manipulator models and controllers, the controller development is not trivial due to nanoscale movement and forces, coupled with unmodeled dynamics and nonlinear structural dynamics. Following the development of the controllers, numerical simulations of the proposed controllers on the manipulator are used to verify the tracking performance.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
"AU: Timing Analysis Under Uncertainty

Due to excessive reduction in the gate length, dopant concentrationsand the oxide thickness, even the slightest of variations inthese quantities can result in significant variations in the performanceof a device. This has resulted in a need for efficient andaccurate techniques for performing Statistical Analysis of circuits.In this paper we propose a methodology based on Bayesian Networksfor computing the exact probability distribution of the delayof a circuit. In case of large circuits where it is not possible tocompute the exact distribution, we propose methods to reduce theproblem size and get a tight lower bound on the exact distribution.