cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gene Expression Analysis of Copper Tolerance and Wood Decay in the Brown Rot Fungus Fibroporia radiculosa

High-throughput transcriptomics was used to identify Fibroporia radiculosa genes that were differentially regulated during colonization of wood treated with a copper-based preservative. The transcriptome was profiled at two time points while the fungus was growing on wood treated with micronized copper quat (MCQ). A total of 917 transcripts were differentially expressed. Fifty-eight of these genes were more highly expressed when the MCQ was protecting the wood from strength loss and had putative functions related to oxalate production/degradation, laccase activity, quinone biosynthesis, pectin degradation, ATP production, cytochrome P450 activity, signal transduction, and transcriptional regulation. Sixty-one genes were more highly expressed when the MCQ lost its effectiveness (>50% strength loss) and had functions related to oxalate degradation; cytochrome P450 activity; H(2)O(2) production and degradation; degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin; hexose transport; membrane glycerophospholipid metabolism; and cell wall chemistry. Ten of these differentially regulated genes were quantified by reverse transcriptase PCR for a more in-depth study (4 time points on wood with or without MCQ treatment). Our results showed that MCQ induced higher than normal levels of expression for four genes (putative annotations for isocitrate lyase, glyoxylate dehydrogenase, laccase, and oxalate decarboxylase 1), while four other genes (putative annotations for oxalate decarboxylase 2, aryl alcohol oxidase, glycoside hydrolase 5, and glycoside hydrolase 10) were repressed. The significance of these results is that we have identified several genes that appear to be coregulated, with putative functions related to copper tolerance and/or wood decay.
Structural Requirements for α-Latrotoxin Binding and α-Latrotoxin-stimulated Secretion: A STUDY WITH CALCIUM-INDEPENDENT RECEPTOR OF α-LATROTOXIN (CIRL) DELETION MUTANTS *

Stimulation of neurotransmitter release by α-latrotoxin requires its binding to the calcium-independent receptor of α-latrotoxin (CIRL), an orphan neuronal G protein-coupled receptor. CIRL consists of two noncovalently bound subunits, p85, a heptahelical integral membrane protein, and p120, a large extracellular polypeptide with domains homologous to lectin, olfactomedin, mucin, the secretin receptor family, and a novel structural motif common for large orphan G protein-coupled receptors. The analysis of CIRL deletion mutants indicates that the high affinity α-latrotoxin-binding site is located within residues 467–891, which comprise the first transmembrane segment of p85 and the C-terminal half of p120. The N-terminal lectin, olfactomedin, and mucin domains of p120 are not required for the interaction with α-latrotoxin. Soluble p120 and all its fragments, which include the 467–770 residues, bind α-latrotoxin with low affinity suggesting the importance of membrane-embedded p85 for the stabilization of the complex of the toxin with p120. Two COOH-terminal deletion mutants of CIRL, one with the truncated cytoplasmic domain and the other with only one transmembrane segment left of seven, supported both α-latrotoxin-induced calcium uptake in HEK293 cells and α-latrotoxin-stimulated secretion when expressed in chromaffin cells, although with a different dose dependence than wild-type CIRL and its N-terminal deletion mutant. Thus the signaling domains of CIRL are not critically important for the stimulation of exocytosis in intact chromaffin cells by α-latrotoxin.
Comment on “Lower crustal evolution under central Arizona: Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic and geochemical evidence from the mafic xenoliths of Camp Creek” by S. Esperança, R.W. Carlson and S.B. Shirey

Comment and reply on the paper of S. Esperanca, R.W. Carlson and S.B. Shirey (1988) - Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 90, 26-40
A new algorithm for solution of resistive networks involving diodes

The solution of electric network problems by various algorithms such as for example Newton's method is often hampered by the presence of physical diodes with steeply rising exponential characteristics which cause overflow and slow convergence during numerical computation. In this paper we propose and analyze an algorithm which bypasses these difficulties by successively approximating the steep diode characteristics by smoother exponential functions. The algorithm may be modified to be used in the presence of ideal diodes and is related to penalty and multiplier methods for constrained minimization and Davidenko's method for solving certain ill-conditioned systems of nonlinear equations.
Attachment, partner choice, and perception of romantic partners: An experimental test of the attachment-security hypothesis

We propose that the primary attachment process that influences partner choice is a normative one, the desire to form a secure attachment bond, and that a potential partner's attractiveness is, in part, a function of the degree to which the partner can offer the opportunity to form a secure attachment bond. An experimental test of the attachment-security hypothesis was conducted with male and female (N= 282) heterosexual college students in the southeastern United States who had previously been classified as having one of four attachment styles: secure, preoccupied, fearful, or dismissive. Participants read scenarios (derived from Pietromonaco & Carnelley, 1994) that depicted a relationship with an opposite-sex partner who displayed one of the four attachment styles, rated their reactions to the relationship, and assessed the imaginary partner on 20 personality traits. Results provided support for the attachment-security hypothesis in two ways: (a) secure partners elicited more positive and less negative emotions than all other partners, followed by preoccupied partners, who elicited more positive emotions than either avoidant type, and (b) for the explicit choice of romantic partners, secure partners were preferred to all insecure types, who did not differ from each other. Both preoccupied and dismissive participants saw partners similar to themselves as more secure than did the other participants.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS IN A MOUSE STOCK OBSERVED FOR FOUR YEARS

A small mouse stock in which lymphocytic choriomeningitis is endemic has been observed over a period of 4 years. The disease has persisted during that time, but it has become so mild that it can no longer be recognized by clinical observation. In spite of this fact, all of the stock mice tested, both young and old, carried considerable amounts of virus in their organs and blood. The females readily transmit the infection to their offspring. Intrauterine infection has become the only mode of transmission of the disease in contrast to the situation in 1935 when a certain number of mice were born virus-free and became infected by contact shortly after birth. The present mildness of the disease appears to be due to two factors, namely, the change in its mode of transmission just mentioned, and a shift in the severity of the disease with regard to the age of the host at the time of infection. This shift has occurred gradually since 1935 when the mice infected in utero were the only ones to become sick. Since 1937, however, the virus is quite harmless for such animals and produces symptoms only in suckling mice from the virus-free stock exposed to contact infection. Evidence is presented which suggests that the shift in the severity of the disease was caused by a decrease of the pathogenicity of the virus for embryonic mouse tissue and a concurrent increase of the resistance to intrauterine infection of the mice from the infected stock. Another change noted concerned the communicability of the experimental disease. In contrast to observations made in 1935 the experimental infection of mature mice from the virus-free colony is now very rarely transmitted by contact to healthy mice, young or old. Suckling mice from the same stock infected by intranasal instillation of virus, however, readily transmit the disease and continue to do so as they grow up. The same is true for mice infected naturally. The reason for this discrepancy has not been ascertained, but it has been shown that naturally infected mice capable of transmitting the disease in general discharge large amounts of virus through the nose for a longer period of time than mature mice infected experimentally which fail to transmit their infection. It may likewise be of significance in this connection that the virus can lose its communicability by animal passage. A marked change (chiefly climatic and dietary) in the environmental conditions of the infected stock failed to influence the course and character of the epidemic.
Synchrotron SAXS and WAXD Study of Polymer Crystallization in Confined Microdomains

Crystallization of polymers in confined microdomains could exhibit different features, including crystalline structure, morphology and novel dynamic processes. Two different such systems have been investigated. They are crystallizable mixtures of a block copolymer with a corresponding homopolymer and miscible semicrystalline/semicrystalline homopolymer blends. In a compatible blend of an AB diblock copolymer and its corresponding homopolymer A, spherical, cylindrical, lamellar, hexagonally-perforated (catenoid) lamellar, bicontinuous lad cubic (gyroid) and bicontinuous Pnm cubic (double diamond) microphases[l-4] can be formed. In AB/A compatible blends with one of the two blocks crystallizable, the crystallization behavior, the structure and the morphology could be very different from the extensively studied miscible polymer blends [5,6]. In this lecture, the AB/A blends with hard amorphous microdomains, meaning that the glass transition temperature, Tg, of the domains is higher than the melting point, Tm, of the crystallizable block, has been studied. Schematic diagrams of the systems are shown in Figure 1.
A Theory of Retinal Population Coding

Efficient coding models predict that the optimal code for natural images is a population of oriented Gabor receptive fields. These results match response properties of neurons in primary visual cortex, but not those in the retina. Does the retina use an optimal code, and if so, what is it optimized for? Previous theories of retinal coding have assumed that the goal is to encode the maximal amount of information about the sensory signal. However, the image sampled by retinal photoreceptors is degraded both by the optics of the eye and by the photoreceptor noise. Therefore, de-blurring and de-noising of the retinal signal should be important aspects of retinal coding. Furthermore, the ideal retinal code should be robust to neural noise and make optimal use of all available neurons. Here we present a theoretical framework to derive codes that simultaneously satisfy all of these desiderata. When optimized for natural images, the model yields filters that show strong similarities to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) receptive fields. Importantly, the characteristics of receptive fields vary with retinal eccentricities where the optical blur and the number of RGCs are significantly different. The proposed model provides a unified account of retinal coding, and more generally, it may be viewed as an extension of the Wiener filter with an arbitrary number of noisy units.
Symbols via Learning Set

Symbols were taught by means of a learning set procedure in which each problem was divided into 2 parts. Part 1 provided a context where meanings were picked up by transient stimuli. Part 2 related...
REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION BY GLUCOCORTICOIDS

Steroid hormones mediate profound physiological and developmental effects in higher eukaryotes. By interacting with their intracellular receptors in target cells, steroid hormones provide mechanisms for cellular communication and alterations in phenotypic response to environmental and internal stimuli. In response to hormone binding, steroid receptor proteins are thought to interact with specific target DNAs and, by an unknown mechanism, to modulate transcription of selected genes. As these molecules represent a family of ligand-dependent transcription factors, steroid receptors are being actively studied to understand their mode of action. Of the hormone-receptor systems that have been examined, the glucocorti­ coid receptor is perhaps the most extensively characterized. Glucocorticoids are one class of steroid hormones first identified as mediating glycogen deposition in the liver. Subsequently, glucocorticoid activity was recognized in development, homeostasis, and the response to stress. This review focuses on transcriptional effects of glucocorticoids, including information pertaining to DNA sequences associated with target genes that are important for gene regulation by steroid. We discuss data made available by the recent cloning of the human (40), rat (53), and mouse (25) glucocorticoid receptors, as this cloning has profoundly affected studies involving steroid receptor structure and the role of these receptors in regulating gene expression. Finally, we point out stages of hormone action that might be subject to further regulation at the level of the receptor.
Text degradations and OCR training

Printing and scanning of text documents introduces degradations to the characters which can be modeled. Interestingly, certain combinations of the parameters that govern the degradations introduced by the printing and scanning process affect characters in such a way that the degraded characters have a similar appearance, while other degradations leave the characters with an appearance that is very different. It is well known that (generally speaking), a test set that more closely matches a training set is recognized with higher accuracy than one that matches the training set less well. Likewise, classifiers tend to perform better on data sets that have lower variance. This paper explores an analytical method that uses a formal printer/scanner degradation model to identify the similarity between groups of degraded characters. This similarity is shown to improve the recognition accuracy of a classifier through model directed choice of training set data.
Experimental investigations of CPW-slotline transitions for uniplanar microwave integrated circuits

Eight novel coplanar waveguide (CPW) to slotline transitions using uniform and nonuniform CPWs or slotlines are discussed. These transitions are uniplanar and simple to fabricate. No via-holes are needed for ground connections, and integration with solid-state devices is easy. A pair of broadband transitions using CPW shorts and slotline radial stubs is demonstrated with a 1-dB bandwidth of more than 5.2:1. >
The indeterminacy of translation: fifty years later

The paper considers the Quinean heritage of the argument for the indeterminacy of translation. Beyond analyzing Quine’s notion of stimulus meaning, the paper discusses two Kripkean argument’s against the Quinean claim that dispositions can provide the basis for an account of meaning: the Normativity Argument and the Finiteness Argument. An analogy between Kripke's arguments and Hume's argument for epistemological skepticism about the external world will be drawn. The paper shows that the answer to Kripke's rule-following skepticism is analogous to the answer to Humean skepticism: our use of concepts is more basic than, and presupposed by, the statement of the skeptical problem itself.
3-D Computer Animation vs. Live-Action Video: Differences in Viewers' Response to Instructional Vignettes

This study explored computer animation vignettes as a replacement for live-action video scenarios of classroom behavior situations previously used as an instructional resource in teacher education courses in classroom management strategies. The focus of the research was to determine if the embedded behavioral information perceived in a liveaction video version of classroom management situations was the same as a 3-D computer animation version of the same content. Preservice teachers (N = 55) were randomly assigned to watch the video or an animated vignette and to complete a questionnaire. The results indicated there were no differences between the groups in identifying the critical behaviors. These findings have significant implications for the development of instructional resources and expanding learning environments to support all levels of teaching and learning. Rapidly advancing animation technology may offer multiple advantages or viable alternatives to staged actors and static content of live-action video in creating dynamic professional learning experiences.
Combining Process Variables and Ingredient Components in Mixing Experiments

This paper reviews the use of statistical designs formed by combining simplex-centroid designs in the ingredient or mixture components with factorial arrangements in the process variables. Three data sets are presented from a fish patty experiment in which three fish species (mullet, sheepshead, and croaker) were blended and the patties were prepared according to the settings of three process variables (oven cooking temperature, oven cooking time, and deep fat frying time). The response values are the average overall acceptance rating of the patties and the average texture rating of the patties. Detailed steps in the data analysis are provided to illustrate the techniques that are used and the type of information that is acquired from experiments containing mixture components and process variables.
How Protective is D&O Insurance in Securities Class Actions? — An Update

Nearly all securities class actions that are not dismissed settle. Very few are tried to judgment. Who pays into settlements — the corporation, its directors and officers, or its D&O carrier? Companies buy D&O insurance in order to protect themselves and their directors and officers from liability. But D&O policies have exclusions, limits, retentions, and other terms that might result in the carrier paying less than the full amount of a settlement. So, as an empirical matter, who pays when a company settles? We provide some basic statistics on that question, which reveal that in fact D&O insurance is quite protective. Focusing on individual officers’ contributions to settlements, we find that these are quite rare, even in cases in which the SEC has imposed a serious penalty on the same individuals for the same misconduct.
Detection of mountain pine beetle-killed ponderosa pine in a heterogeneous landscape using high-resolution aerial imagery

Previous studies have used remote-sensing images to map tree mortality caused by mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae; MPB in relatively homogeneous lodgepole pine Pinus contorta forests; however, classification methods have not been tested for the patchy landscape of ponderosa pine-dominated Pinus ponderosae montane forests characterized by highly variable tree density. This study explores two supervised classification methods to identify MPB-caused mortality red attack in heterogeneous montane forests of the Colorado Front Range using 1 m-resolution 2011 imagery of the National Agriculture Imagery Program NAIP: maximum likelihood using the red, green, and blue bands, and the red-green index RGI, and a thresholding technique using the RGI. Two variations of the RGI threshold method were also explored: the addition of a green-band threshold and the incorporation of a focal analysis. Evaluation pixels were used to assess the accuracy of the classification methods. The maximum likelihood 97 Percentage Correctly Classified PCC; 11% error of commission for red attack and RGI threshold 85 PCC; 46% error of commission for red attack classification methods overestimated the red attack. The RGI and green band threshold classification reduced the error of commission 5% and had high overall accuracy 97 PCC. In a comparison of classification methods across tree-density sites, we found the maximum likelihood classification had a very high accuracy in the high-density site 95 PCC, but substantially lower accuracy in the low-density site 85 PCC due to the presence of more visible cover types. The RGI threshold classification with the green band constraint produced more consistent PCCs across tree densities: high 93.7 PCC, moderate 95.2 PCC, and low 92.0 PCC. Our results indicate forest structure may affect the classification accuracy and should be considered when selecting a classification method for a landscape.
Quantum walks and ground state problems

Since the appearance of Shor's factoring algorithm in 1994, the search for novel quantum computer algorithms has proved surprisingly difficult. Two design approaches that have yielded some progress are quantum walks and adiabatic computing. The former has been shown to speed up algorithms whose complexity is related to the classical hitting time of a symmetric Markov chain, and there is evidence that the latter speeds up simulated annealing algorithms for computing ground states of classical Hamiltonians. In this thesis, we look into the possibility of obtaining a quantum speedup for the mixing time of a symmetric Markov chain. We prove that by subjecting a quantum walk to a small amount of decoherence (typically the adversary of a quantum computer), it can be forced to mix to the correct stationary distribution, often considerably faster than its classical counterpart. A more general theorem to this effect would imply quantum speedups for a variety of approximation algorithms for #P-complete problems. We conclude with some observations on adiabatic computing—a time-dependent generalization of the quantum walk framework—and the problem of estimating the ground state energy of a quantum Hamiltonian with local spin interactions.
The Local Dilemma: Preemption and the Role of Federal Standards in State and Local Immigration Laws

The recent flurry of state and local laws targeting immigration forces us to confront what role, if any, sub-federal governments should play. Our federalist system has carved out an amorphous role for sub-federal governance. Despite decades of pronouncements from the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, the role of state and local governance remains stubbornly undefined, teetering between permissible exercises of authority to regulate education, employment, and other traditional state concerns, and impermissible encroachments on the near-exclusive federal authority to regulate immigration. A line of cases beginning with DeCanas v. Bica has held that certain state laws may distinguish between classes of immigrants only if states adhere to federal immigration standards. The recent wave of state and local laws has placed great faith in the ability of state and local government employees - and even private citizens - to determine immigration status by adhering to federal standards without deviating from those standards or creating their own in violation of the Supremacy Clause. I use the decisions in Equal Access Education v. Merten to illustrate the dangers of this approach, applying this framework to recent local ordinance cases. I conclude that state and local laws should not avoid federal preemption simply by citing to or relying on federal immigration standards absent a clear finding that state or local agents will not systematically misapply federal standards. Determining immigration status should be the sole province of the federal government.
Participation of Nuclear Medicine Technologists in Radiation Accident Management

Even though the probability for a serious radiation accident is extremely small, the reality of such accidents demands serious consideration and preparation. Generally, nuclear medicine technologists are better qualified than any other hospital staff members in dealing with such practical problems as (A) how to detect and measure radiation, (B) how to prevent the spread of radioactive contamination, (C) how to reduce the radiation dose to the persons involved, and (D) how to assist the physician and the health physicist in caring for radioactivity contaminated accident victims. To be prepared to assume this dormant responsibility, the nuclear medicine technologist needs to test his familiarity with the necessary basic practices which must be executed immediately after a radiation accident victim is brought to the hospital. The skills needed for the prompt and decisive response of emergency personnel have to be tested and practiced frequently. Nuclear medicine technologists have an unusual advantage here in that many of the skills and instruments that are required are used daily by the technologist in nuclear medicine laboratory practice. This article discusses how nuclear medicine instruments can be quickly modified for radiation emergencies, and how simulated accident drills can test the readiness of the nuclear medicine team.
Numerical Computation of Nonlinear Normal Modes in Multi-Mode Models of an Inertially Coupled Elastic Structure

There are many techniques available for the construction of nonlinear normal modes. Most studies for systems with more than one degree of freedom utilize asymptotic techniques or the method of multiple time scales, which are valid only for small amplitude motions. Previous works of the authors have investigated nonlinear normal modes in elastic structures with essential inertial nonlinearities, and considered two degree-of-freedom reduced-order models that exhibit 1:2 resonance. For small amplitude oscillations with low energy, this reduced analysis is acceptable, while for higher energy vibrations and vibrations that are away from internal resonances, this may not provide an accurate representation of NNMs. For high energy vibration and vibrations away from internal resonances, two natural issues to be addressed are the dimension of the reduced-order model used for constructing NNMs, and the order of nonlinearities retained in the truncated models. To address these issues, a comparison of NNMs computed for three different reduced degree of freedom models for the elastic structure is reported here. The reduced models considered are: (i) A two degree-of-freedom reduced model with only quadratic nonlinearities; (ii) A two degree-of-freedom reduced model with both quadratic and cubic nonlinearities; (iii) A five degrees-of-freedom model with both quadratic and cubic nonlinearities. A numerical method based on shooting technique is used for constructing the NNMs and results for system near 1:2 internal resonances between the two lowest modes and away from any internal resonance are compared.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Effect of melatonin upon thyroid hormone secretion rate and endocrine glands of chicks.

SummaryThe normal TSR of a group of 55 male and female chicks was determined starting at 4 weeks of age. They were then divided into 3 groups of equal TSR. The mean TSR of a control group and groups injected with 50 and 100 μg of melatonin/ 100 g bw/day determined starting at 7 weeks were approximately equal, indicating that melatonin had no effect upon the TSR of immature chickens. However, at 10 weeks of age melatonin significantly reduced the testes weights 94% (P<001) and ovaries 67% (P<.025) at the higher level as well as the adrenal and thymus glands. The pituitary gland weights of the females were progressively increased on the two levels of melatonin while the males were unaffected. The pineal glands were increased in both sexes at the lower level. At the higher level, the males showed an increase but the females showed a slight decrease.
N-Halamine Biocidal Coatings via a Layer-by-Layer Assembly Technique

Two N-halamine copolymer precursors, poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl methacrylate-co-acrylic acid potassium salt) and poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl methacrylate-co-trimethyl-2-methacryloxyethylammonium chloride) have been synthesized and successfully coated onto cotton fabric via a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique. A multilayer thin film was deposited onto the fiber surfaces by alternative exposure to polyelectrolyte solutions. The coating was rendered biocidal by a dilute household bleach treatment. The biocidal efficacies of tested swatches composed of treated fibers were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. It was determined that chlorinated samples inactivated both S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7 within 15 min of contact time, whereas the unchlorinated control samples did not exhibit significant biocidal activities. Stabilities of the coatings toward washing and ultraviolet light exposure have also been studied. It was found that the stability toward washing w...
Evaluating constraints that allow survival-adjusted incidence analyses in single-sacrifice studies

Ideally, analyses of tumor incidence data from long-term animal experiments should allow the incidence rates to vary with age, without restricting tumor lethality, without requiring data on cause of death, and without assuming independence of competing risks. This article focuses on nonparametric methods that not only satisfy these conditions, but also accommodate studies having just one sacrifice time, by constraining the effects of age on one of the three functions used to characterize the likelihood. Several constrained analyses were evaluated using data on over 18,000 mice from the ED01 study. Of the five constraints considered, only the assumption of constant differences between the death rates for animals with and without the tumor of interest produced reasonable results across a wide range of tumor lethalities.
Residual Income Analysis: A Method of Inventory Investment Allocation and Evaluation:

A residual income analysis (RIA) approach for planning and evaluating the efficacy of merchandising decisions is developed in this paper. This approach is an improvement on the familiar and popular...
An Ambipolar Virtual-Source-Based Charge-Current Compact Model for Nanoscale Graphene Transistors

A compact physics-based ambipolar-virtual-source (AVS) model is presented that describes carrier transport in both unipolar and ambipolar regimes in quasi-ballistic graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs). The transport model incorporates two separate virtual sources for electrons and holes and is supplemented by a self-consistent channel-charge-partitioning model valid from drift-diffusive to ballistic transport conditions. The model comprehends the asymmetry introduced by different contact resistances for electrons and holes. The AVS model has a limited number of parameters, most of which have a physical meaning and can easily be extracted from device characterization. The model has been extensively calibrated with experimental dc I-V and s-parameter measurements of devices with gate lengths from 650 to 40 nm. This has allowed the scaling of mobility and VS source injection velocity of carriers with gate length to be investigated for the first time. The new compact model yields continuous currents and charges and can easily be used in the design and analysis of circuits and systems implemented with GFETs.
Abstract 4233A: The opposite effects of doxorubicin on bone marrow cells versus cancer cellsin vivodepend on glucosylceramide synthase

Bone marrow suppression and tumor drug resistance are adverse effects observed in patients with chemotherapy severely limit cancer treatments. It is unclear by which cellular mechanism anticancer drugs suppress bone marrow while drug-resistant tumor survives. We report that due to the difference in the glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) that catalyzes ceramide glycosylation determining ceramide-induced apoptosis or glycosphingolipid mediated maintenance of stem cells, doxorubicin can eliminate bone marrow stem cells and expand cancer stem cells. Doxorubicin treatments significantly decreased the number of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs, ABCG2+) and sphere formation in dose-dependent fashion (1-5 mg/kg). In tumor-bearing mice, doxorubicin treatments (6 days) significantly decreased bone marrow stem cells and peripheral blood cells at 2 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg. In contrast, doxorubicin increased the number of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs, CD24-/CD44+/ESA+) more than 3 times at 5 mg/kg treatment. Furthermore, silencing GCS with MBO-asGCS prevented BCSC number increase. Similarly, therapeutic-dose of doxorubicin (1 mg/kg/week, i.p., for 42-days), decreased bone marrow stem cells and increased breast cancer stem cells. Breast cancer cells, but not bone marrow cells, highly expressed glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) which was associated with pluripotency of stem cells. These results indicate that doxorubicin may have the opposite effects, suppressing BMSC versus expanding BCSC in vivo, and GCS is a determinant for the differentiated responsiveness between bone marrow cells, and breast cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4233A. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4233A
Differences in primary care clinicians’ approach to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients compared to breast cancer (BrCa)

7041 Background: Lung cancer is a disease associated with a stigma of being primarily self-induced via smoking and therefore avoidable. It is unclear if this stigma results in feelings of guilt and...
MAP Estimation of Whole-Word Acoustic Models with Dictionary Priors.

The intrinsic advantages of whole-word acoustic modeling are offset by the problem of data sparsity. To address this, we present several parametric approaches to estimating intra-word phonetic timing models under the assumption that relative timing is independent of word duration. We show evidence that the timing of phonetic events is well described by the Gaussian distribution. We explore the construction of models in the absence of keyword examples (dictionary-based), when keyword examples are abundant (Gaussian mixture models), and also present a Bayesian approach which unifies the two. Applying these techniques in a point process model keyword spotting framework, we demonstrate a 55% relative improvement in performance for models constructed from few examples.
Rehabilitation and rehabilitation nursing.

This article provides some of the foundational content that forms the basis of rehabilitation and rehabilitation nursing. The content includes definitions, rehabilitation philosophy, and rehabilitation teams. A particular case example is integrated throughout the article to exemplify the content.
Do nonimmunologically mediated pathways play a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis

The association between elevated serum rheumatoid factor and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been confirmed repeatedly and interpreted as strong evidence for an immunologic basis for the disease. In recent years, considerable additional evidence supporting this view has been obtained, strongly suggesting a role for CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis of RA. An alternative view has also gained support, however. Based on studies of animal models and of RA itself, several lines of evidence have emerged that indicate that nonimmunologic pathways are operative in established RA. These observations have fostered the hypothesis that the evolution of RA may be associated with the emergence of non-T-cell-dependent autonomous pathways that dominate the latter stages of the disease.
Coordination and Independence in Monetary and Fiscal Policies

As of summer 1993, few countries are satisfied with their macroeconomic policies. Virtually all countries complain that their fiscalmonetary mix is skewed in an undesirable direction. Countries find their fiscal deficits reduce national saving while interest rates are also too high to sustain recovery. Moreover, this monetary-fiscal syndrome has been a feature of the macroeconomic landscape for more than a decade. How can we explain that countries persist in following policies that they believe undesirable?
Laparoscopic Repair of Flank Hernias

Flank hernias are lateral abdominal wall defects that occur between the 12th rib and iliac crest. While the majority are believed to be primary, a quarter of flank hernias are incisional and traumatic. Flank hernias are usually located within the superior lumbar triangle (Grynfeltt–Lesshaft hernia)—defined by the 12th rib, lateral border of erector spinae muscles, and medial border of internal obliques—or within the inferior lumbar triangle (Petit hernia)—outlined by the edge of latissimus dorsi, external obliques, and the superior edge of the iliac crest. Preoperative workup often includes CT scan and counseling for preventable comorbidities such as smoking or obesity. Decision making regarding surgical approach depends on many similar factors as ventral hernia repair. Laparoscopic flank hernia repair is performed in a 45° semilateral position with flexion at the hip. The repair involves adhesiolysis, mobilization of the colon, and careful dissection to identify and preserve the ureter, iliac vessels, spermatic cord, and pelvic nerves. Mesh is placed to widely overlap the hernia defect, usually extending to the paraspinous and psoas muscles posteriorly. The mesh is secured with transfascial suture, tacks, and sometimes bone anchors. If possible, the primary defect is closed. Small series show that patients undergoing laparoscopic repair return to daily activities faster than open repairs with no difference in recurrence. However, up to 1/3 of patients report pain, mesh sensation, and/or movement limitation at 1 year postoperatively regardless of approach. Careful preoperative counseling and planning is necessary before embarking upon repair of flank hernias.
Personal and Professional Development for Managers in Commercial Banking.

strategic managers should act like a leaders, who lead the subordinates in the right direction and also they integrates the organization & helps to the employees work effectively towards attain short term goals consistently.
Efficient Actor Recovery Paradigm for Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks

The actor nodes are the spine of wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs) that collaborate to perform a specific task in an unverified and uneven environment. Thus, there is a possibility of high failure rate in such unfriendly scenarios due to several factors such as power consumption of devices, electronic circuit failure, software errors in nodes or physical impairment of the actor nodes and inter-actor connectivity problem. Therefore, it is extremely important to discover the failure of a cut-vertex actor and network-disjoint in order to improve the Quality-of-Service (QoS). In this paper, we propose an Efficient Actor Recovery (EAR) paradigm to guarantee the contention-free traffic-forwarding capacity. The EAR paradigm consists of a Node Monitoring and Critical Node Detection (NMCND) algorithm that monitors the activities of the nodes to determine the critical node. In addition, it replaces the critical node with backup node prior to complete node-failure which helps balancing the network performance. The packets are handled using Network Integration and Message Forwarding (NIMF) algorithm that determines the source of forwarding the packets; either from actor or sensor. This decision-making capability of the algorithm controls the packet forwarding rate to maintain the network for a longer time. Furthermore, for handling the proper routing strategy, Priority-Based Routing for Node Failure Avoidance (PRNFA) algorithm is deployed to decide the priority of the packets to be forwarded based on the significance of information available in the packet. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed EAR paradigm, the proposed algorithms were tested using OMNET++ simulation.
Ductular and proliferative response of esophageal submucosal glands in a porcine model of esophageal injury and repair.

A novel porcine model of injury and repair using radiofrequency ablation has been developed, allowing for reproducible injury to the esophagus to study repair in an animal model with esophageal sub...
In Memoriam: Martin William Ribarsky

Martin William Ribarsky, a leading scientist and inspiring leader, died on 23 February 2017 in Charlotte, North Carolina, after a serious bicycling accident. He is survived by his wife, Barbara Schreiber, and children. Ribarsky helped shape the fields of scientific visualization, virtual reality, and visual analytics. His work, leadership, and students impacted people and society across the world.
Long-term Outcomes of Ocular Surface Stem Cell Allograft Transplantation.

Purpose To investigate the long-term outcomes of ocular surface stem cell allograft transplantation (OSST) in patients with total limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) owing to various etiologies with a follow-up ≥ 5 years. Design Retrospective interventional cohort. Methods Setting: Single tertiary referral hospital. Study Population: Patients who had (1) presence of total LSCD, (2) surgical treatment with at least 1 allograft OSST procedure, and (3) minimum follow-up ≥ 5 years after OSST. Intervention: All patients underwent allograft OSST from March 1998 to June 2009. All patients received systemic immunosuppression. Main Outcome Measures: Ocular surface stability, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Results A total of 165 eyes of 110 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria with a mean follow-up period of 109.22 ± 35.7 months or approximately 9.1 years (range 5.2–17.7 years). Ocular surface stability was achieved in 72.7% (120/165) of eyes at last follow-up, while 15.2% (25/165) maintained an improved ocular surface and 12.1% (20/165) developed total surface failure. Additional OSST surgery was necessary in 30.9% (51/165 eyes) to maintain a stable ocular surface. There was ≥ 2 lines BCVA improvement in 62.1%, no change in 7.7%, and a worsened BCVA in 18.6% at last follow-up. Conclusions With proper immunosuppression and repeat procedure in case of failure, allograft OSST can provide true long-term ocular surface stability and successful visual outcomes.
Neighbourhood social trust and youth perceptions of safety during daily activities

Exposure to adverse neighbourhood conditions can negatively impact adolescent well-being and perceived safety. However, the impact of neighbourhood social trust on perceived safety is largely unknown. We studied 139 adolescent men to investigate how their perceptions of safety varied as a function of social trust levels in the neighbourhoods they traversed; neighbourhoods that were not necessarily their own. Adolescents mapped their minute-by-minute activities over a recent day and rated their perceived safety on a 10-point scale during in-person interviews. Neighbourhood social trust was measured via a citywide random sample survey. Mixed effects regression showed that, compared with their safety perceptions when in areas of low social trust, older adolescents were 73% more likely to feel unsafe when in areas of medium social trust, and 89% more likely to feel unsafe when in areas of high social trust. Inverse relationships between neighbourhood social trust and adolescents’ perceived safety highlight the complex interplay between youth, environmental contexts and safety.
Herpetofaunal Inventory of Wormsloe State Historic Site, Savannah, Georgia

There is renewed interest in inventory and monitoring projects, due in part to mandates to evaluate the effects of surrounding development and climate change on the biotic communities of public lands. We inventoried an understudied area, Wormsloe State Historic Site, near Savannah, GA. We directly observed or trapped 21 herpetofaunal (i.e., amphibian and reptile) species. Chao estimates predicted that <1 additional amphibian species and 3–4 additional reptile species might occur with further trapping. Most species had low abundance: <10 individuals for 75% of species. Species richness on Wormsloe was about ⅓ that recorded on the adjacent mainland (<1 km distance). Some species not detected required specific habitats lacking at Wormsloe. Other undetected species may have been extirpated by past land-uses. Also, the changing landscape context, caused by development of surrounding areas, has likely diminished both landscape connectivity and available freshwater, shortening the hydroperiod of breeding ponds. Of import to breeding amphibians, each of the depressions on Wormsloe has a drainage ditch connecting it to salt-water tides but the water-control structures preventing tidal flux are no longer in place. Resources management can improve amphibian breeding habitat simply by eliminating tidal influxes along drainage ditches. Maintaining existing populations of common species should be a priority for all public lands.
Temporal Codes for Colors, Patterns, and Memories

We can see and understand complicated visual images without conscious effort. Other physical abilities, such as balancing, walking, and talking, are also effortless. One major difference between sensory and motor activity is that we can decompose our movements into a series of very small motions. This conscious decomposition allows our introspection to help us understand how we move. Unfortunately, we cannot decompose our visual perceptions into serial elements of seeing. Thus, introspection cannot help us understand how we see. The present work attempts to help us understand how the brain sees by decomposing vision into elements below our conscious perception: the activity of individual neurons.
Can Freight Transport Models Be Transferred Across the Atlantic

There is an increasing focus on economizing with data and with the speeding up of the analysis in such areas as transport forecasting and assessment. Most of this work has concerned passenger movements (e.g., in terms of travel-time savings values) or the external effects of transport (e.g., noise valuations). The work done in the freight sector is limited. Recent years have, however, seen a considerable increase in the number and sophistication of studies that have sought to explore changing structures in freight movement. Some of these changes have been in the way that freight activities themselves are viewed (e.g., because of the focus on just-in-time production) but in other cases they have embodied wider structural and institutional changes in economies (e.g., in communications, production technologies and in economic regulation). The issue addressed here is initially whether these sorts of techniques can readily be applied to freight transportation and then on whether, in light of the various changes that are taking place, there is scope for deploying models developed for
Effect of Surface Chemistry on the Adhesion of Thermoplastic Polymers to Paper

The sizing treatment of printing papers to make them resistant to penetration by liquids, for example, water or printing inks, also weakens the bond strength between the polymer and the paper in printing processes in which solid polymers create the image on plain, bond-type papers. The adhesion characteristics of a series of business papers treated with either rosin sizes or synthetic, cellulose-reactive sizing agents are described. It is demonstrated that the decrease in bond strength correlates with a decrease in paper wettability, as measured by capillary penetration of organic liquids of suitable surface tension, or as defined by surface energetics using the elution-gas-chromatography technique. Examples are presented, which show that these analytical techniques are effective in specifying paper performance in nonimpact printing technologies (for example, electrophotographic printing and resistive-ribbon, thermal-transfer imaging).
An Infinite-Server Queueing $$MMAP_k|G_k|\infty $$ Model in Semi-Markov Random Environment Subject to Catastrophes

In the present paper the infinite-server \(MMAP_k|G_k|\infty \) queueing model with random resource vector of customers, marked MAP arrival and semi-Markov (SM) arrival of catastrophes is considered. The joint generating functions (PGF) of transient and stationary distributions of number of busy servers and numbers of different types served customers, as well as Laplace transformations (LT) of joint distributions of total accumulated resources in the model at moment and total accumulated resources of served customers during time [0, t) interval are found. The basic differential and renewal equations for transient and stationary PGF of queue sizes of customers are found.