cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rules of thumb [Essay]

Over the years, I have been asked many times by students, employees, and peers at management meetings, as to what approaches to my assignments during my career as an engineer and as a manager served me best. While I would always take time to think about the question, the answer was almost always the same, whether one follows a technical career or a career in management?"There are four words that can help you build strong relationships, if you use them to build your daily work approach around. You could even call them 'Rules of thumb for careers'." The usual reactions were, "Sure," "Right," or for those who insist on being literal, "What four words could do that?" At that point I would suggest that everyone get comfortable and allow me to provide some insight into the topic.
Pattern formation and spatial chaos in lattice dynamical systems. II

For part I see ibid., vol.42, no.10, pp.746-51 (1995). We survey a class of continuous-time lattice dynamical systems, with an idealized nonlinearity. We introduce a class of equilibria called mosaic solutions, which are composed of the elements 1, -1, and 0, placed at each lattice point. A stability criterion for such solutions is given. The spatial entropy h of the set of all such stable solutions is defined, and we study how this quantity varies with parameters. Systems are qualitatively distinguished according to whether h=0 (termed pattern formation), or h>0 (termed spatial chaos). Numerical techniques for calculating h are described. >
Early Devonian Gas in Northern West Virginia and Pre-Devonian Oil Prospects

Since the discovery of gas in the Oriskany sand in north-central Pennsylvania in 1930, nineteen deep wells have been drilled to the Oriskany on seven major folds 30-40 miles southeast of the old oil and gas fields in northern West Virginia. This exploratory drilling has resulted in the discovery of two gas fields known as the Terra Alta and Canaan Valley fields situated respectively 25 and 50 miles south of the Summit field in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. The Terra Alta field has eight gas wells and the Canaan Valley field three gas wells. The extent of neither field has been fully defined. Gas is produced from the Huntersville chert and the underlying Oriskany sand, which are encountered at depths ranging from 4,900 to 8,250 feet. Yields vary from ½ million to 4 million cubic feet daily per well. Small flows of gas also have been obtained in the Benson and Speechley sands and Helderberg limestone in a few wells. Shows of oil have not been reported. The gas obtained in the two fields contains 97 per cent methane and 1 per cent ethane. It is consequently unlikely that oil will be found in Devonian formations. However, there are 10,000 feet or more of older Paleozoic rocks which are oil-bearing in marginal parts of the Appalachian basin. Only three of the nineteen deep wells drilled in the region have reached the base of the Silurian. Older Paleozoic formations have n t been penetrated. It is believed that no factual or theoretical data can be presented to disprove the possibility that oil may be present in pre-Devonian formations in some of the major folds of the region where fracturing and solution weathering may have developed secondary porosity. It is possible that the hydrocarbon content of the entire pre-Trenton Paleozoic section may have migrated along fissures to the Trenton and be held there by the impermeable cover of Upper Ordovician shale.
Born violent: armed political parties and non-state governance in Lebanon's civil war

We know little of the internal governing practices of non-state actors once in control of territory. Some territories have witnessed the establishment of new institutions of public goods remarkably similar to state institutions. This article compares four armed political parties governing territory during the Lebanese civil war. These non-state violent actors established complex political and economic institutions and administrative structures. Despite the wide range of ideologies and identities of these actors, they all converged in their institutional priorities, although not in their capacities or the particular ways of achieving those priorities. Data from interviews and the actions of the armed political parties suggest a combination of ideology and desire for control is causal in generating public institutions, partly attributable to the high degree of citizen activism marking the Lebanese case.
Hegemonic masculinity in sport education: Case studies of experienced in-service teachers with teaching orientations

Research has revealed that while pre-service teachers (PTs) with coaching orientations reinforce sexism and masculine bias, those with teaching orientations combat and reject it. The purpose of thi...
Incidence and Deviation

Up to this point, the relationships developed for a turbomachinery stage have been strictly correct for given velocity diagrams with known inlet and exit flow angles. We assumed that the flow is fully congruent with the blade profile. This assumption implies that the inlet and exit flow angles coincide with the camber angles at the leading and trailing edges. Based on the operation condition and the design philosophy, there might be a difference between the camber and flow angle at the leading edge, which is called the incidence angle. The difference between the blade camber angle and the flow angle at the exit is termed the deviation angle. Since the incidence and deviation affect the required total flow deflection, the velocity diagram changes. If this change is not predicted accurately, the stage operates under a condition not identical with the optimum operation condition for which the stage is designed. This situation affects the efficiency and performance of the stage and thus the entire turbomachine. In order to prevent this, the total flow deflection must be accurately predicted. The compressor and the turbine flows react differently to a change of incidence. For instance, a slight change of incidence causes a partial flow separation on the compressor blade suction surface that can trigger a rotating stall; a turbine blade is less sensitive even to greater incidence change. To obtain the incidence and deviation angle for compressor and turbine blades, we use two different calculation methods. The first method deals with the application of conformal transformation to cascade flows with low deflection as in compressor blades. The second method concerns the calculation of deviation in high loaded cascades as in turbine blades.
Workloads, Scalability, and QoS Considerations in CMP Platforms

We have entered the CMP era and are continuously accelerating the pace at which more cores are integrated on the same die. It is now possible to imagine building a 32-core CMP platform in the near future. To make best use of these cores, the workload scenarios are also evolving rapidly. For example, consolidation via virtualization is a rapidly growing phenomenon in the server marketplace. In this talk, we will start by describing our vision of large-scale CMP platforms and future workload scenarios over the next decade. We will then re-visit the typical performance requirements and behavior of these platforms. Based on analysis of several commercial server workloads running individually, we will demonstrate platform scalability considerations. Based on simultaneous execution of heterogeneous workloads, we will show platform quality of service considerations. The intent is to describe the opportunities and challenges that 2015 CMP platforms will face and discuss potential solutions that need further research.
Effects of air/sea conditions on azimuth modulations in Ku-band ocean radar backscatter

During the Surface Wave Dynamics Experiment (SWADE), the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Scatterometer NUSCAT operating at Ku band was successfully used to acquire ocean backscatter data over a wide variety of atmospheric and oceanic conditions. Ten flights of data collection were conducted on the NASA Ames C130 aircraft, which resulted in 30 hours of data. The SWADE experimental area was deployed with several buoys providing appropriate in-situ data to correlate with the radar backscatter for incidence angles from 10/spl deg/ to 60/spl deg/ and both horizontal and vertical polarizations. The authors use the NUSCAT/SWADE backscatter data base in conjunction with buoy measurements to investigate backscatter azimuth modulations and compare the results under various physical conditions to airborne RADSCAT measurements and to predictions from SASS geophysical model functions.
Engineering TCE-degrading rhizobacteria for heavy metal accumulation and enhanced TCE degradation.

Manysuperfundsitesarecurrentlyco-contami- nated with organic pollutants such as trichloroethene (TCE) and heavy metals. A promising strategy to address these mixed-waste situations is the use of TCE-degrading rhizobacteria that will survive and thrive in soil heavily pollutedwithheavymetals.Inthiswork,agenecodingfor the metal-binding peptide, EC20, was introduced into rhizobacteriaengineeredforTCEdegradation,resultingin strains with both metal accumulation and TCE degrada- tion capabilities. EC20 was displayed onto the cell surface of Pseudomonas strain Pb2-1 and Rhizobium strain 10320D using an ice-nucleation protein (INP) anchor. Expression of EC20 was confirmed by Western blot analysis and cells with EC20 expression showed sixfold higher cadmium accumulation than non-engineered strains in the presence of 16 mM CdCl2. As expected, the TCE degradation rate was reduced in the presence of cadmium for cells without EC20 expression. However, expression of EC20 (higher cadmium accumulation) completely restored the level of TCE degradation. These results demonstrated that EC20 expression enhanced not only cadmium accumulation but also reduced the toxic effect of cadmium on TCE degradation. We expect that similar improvements will be observed when these engineered rhizobacteria are inoculated onto plant roots. 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A multipath routing approach for secure data delivery

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to enhance data confidentiality when transmitting across insecure networks. The idea is to take advantage of the distributed nature of networks such as Internet or wireless networks and combine the secret sharing scheme and multipath routing. With a (T,N) secret sharing scheme, the secure message is divided into N shares such that from any T or more shares, we can easily recover the message, while from any T-1 or less shares, it is computationally impossible to recover the message. Then using the multipath routing algorithm, the shares are delivered across the network via N different paths, where no T or more paths can share a single node. The destination node reconstructs the original message upon receiving T or more shares. However, any intermediate node does not intercept T shares necessary for the message recovery. In this paper, we present the basic idea, then, we describe a distributed multipath routing algorithm to find the desired N different paths. The algorithm takes path independence, path quantity, as well as path cost into consideration. With comparably low complexity, the algorithm is able to find, between any source-destination pair, sets of node disjoint paths. The algorithm is compared with another disjoint path finding algorithm and the result shows that our algorithm has better performance in terms of number of paths found.
Use of intrinsic binding energy for catalysis by an RNA enzyme

The contribution of several individual ribozyme⋅substrate base pairs to binding and catalysis has been investigated using hammerhead ribozyme substrates that were truncated at their 3′ or 5′ ends. The base pairs at positions 1.1–2.1 and 15.2–16.2, which flank the conserved core, each contribute 104-fold in the chemical step, without affecting substrate binding. In contrast, base pairs distal to the core contribute to substrate binding but have no effect on the chemical step. These results suggest a “fraying model” in which each ribozyme⋅substrate helix can exist in either an unpaired (“open”) state or a helical (“closed”) state, with the closed state required for catalysis. The base pairs directly adjacent to the conserved core contribute to catalysis by allowing the closed state to form. Once the number of base pairs is sufficient to ensure that the closed helical state predominates, additional residues provide stabilization of the helix, and therefore increase binding, but have no further effect on the chemical step. Remarkably, the >5 kcal/mol free energy contribution to catalysis from each of the internal base pairs is considerably greater than the free energy expected for formation of a base pair. It is suggested that this unusually large energetic contribution arises because free energy that is typically lost in constraining residues within a base pair is expressed in the transition state, where it is used for positioning. This extends the concept of “intrinsic binding energy” from protein to RNA enzymes, suggesting that intrinsic binding energy is a fundamental feature of biological catalysis.
In vivo Modeling and Molecular Characterization: A Path Toward Targeted Therapy of Melanoma Brain Metastasis

Brain metastasis from melanoma remains mostly incurable and the main cause of death from the disease. Early stage clinical trials and case studies show some promise for targeted therapies in the treatment of melanoma brain metastasis. However, the progression-free survival for currently available therapies, although significantly improved, is still very short. The development of new potent agents to eradicate melanoma brain metastasis relies on the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that drive melanoma cells to reach and colonize the brain. The discovery of such mechanisms depends heavily on pre-clinical models that enable the testing of candidate factors and therapeutic agents in vivo. In this review we summarize the effects of available targeted therapies on melanoma brain metastasis in the clinic. We provide an overview of existing pre-clinical models to study the disease and discuss specific molecules and mechanisms reported to modulate different aspects of melanoma brain metastasis and finally, by integrating both clinical and basic data, we summarize both opportunities and challenges currently presented to researchers in the field.
Protein classification using probabilistic chain graphs and the Gene Ontology structure

Motivation: Probabilistic graphical models have been developed in the past for the task of protein classification. In many cases, classifications obtained from the Gene Ontology have been used to validate these models. In this work we directly incorporate the structure of the Gene Ontology into the graphical representation for protein classification. We present a method in which each protein is represented by a replicate of the Gene Ontology structure, effectively modeling each protein in its own 'annotation space'. Proteins are also connected to one another according to different measures of functional similarity, after which belief propagation is run to make predictions at all ontology terms. Results: The proposed method was evaluated on a set of 4879 proteins from the Saccharomyces Genome Database whose interactions were also recorded in the GRID project. Results indicate that direct utilization of the Gene Ontology improves predictive ability, outperforming traditional models that do not take advantage of dependencies among functional terms. Average increase in accuracy (precision) of positive and negative term predictions of 27.8% (2.0%) over three different similarity measures and three subontologies was observed. Availability: C/C++/Perl implementation is available from authors upon request. Contact: vladimir@cs.rutgers.edu
Paradoxical contribution of SK3 and GIRK channels to the activation of mouse vomeronasal organ

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) is essential for intraspecies communication in many terrestrial vertebrates. The ionic mechanisms of VNO activation remain unclear. We found that the calcium-activated potassium channel SK3 and the G protein-activated potassium channel GIRK are part of an independent pathway for VNO activation. In slice preparations, the potassium channels attenuated inward currents carried by TRPC2 and calcium-activated chloride channels (CACCs). In intact tissue preparations, paradoxically, the potassium channels enhanced urine-evoked inward currents. This discrepancy resulted from the loss of a high concentration of lumenal potassium, which enabled the influx of potassium ions to depolarize the VNO neurons in vivo. Both Sk3 (also known as Kcnn3) and Girk1 (also known as Kcnj3) homozygous null mice showed deficits in mating and aggressive behaviors, and the deficiencies in Sk3(-/-) mice were exacerbated by Trpc2 knockout. Our results suggest that VNO activation is mediated by TRPC2, CACCs and two potassium channels, all of which contributed to the in vivo depolarization of VNO neurons.
Brane gases in the early Universe

Over the past decade it has become clear that fundamental strings are not the only fundamental degrees of freedom in string theory. D-branes are also part of the spectrum of fundamental states. In this paper we explore some possible effects of D-branes on early Universe string cosmology, starting with two key assumptions: firstly that the initial state of the Universe corresponded to a dense, hot gas in which all degrees of freedom were in thermal equilibrium, and secondly that the topology of the background space admits one-cycles. We argue by t duality that in this context the cosmological singularities are not present. We derive the equation of state of the brane gases and apply the results to suggest that, in an expanding background, the winding modes of fundamental strings will play the most important role at late times. In particular, we argue that the string winding modes will only allow four space-time dimensions to become large. The presence of brane winding modes with p>1 may lead to a hierarchy in the sizes of the extra dimensions.
Characteristics of Concentrator Triple Junction Cell Optimized for Current Matching

In the case of the triple-junction cell, in order to get maximum photo-current, current-matching for incident light by optimization of subcell thickness is important. At the concentrator application using lenses, the spectrum of concentrated light is different vastly from that of standard light, because of chromatic aberration. Therefore, it is also important to optimize the distance between lenses and the cell to get maximum photo-current. In this paper, we evaluated cell performance with different thickness of the top cell as a function of distance between the cell and lenses. The current result shows the structural change of the optical system affects significantly the performance of the system. And the triple-junction cell with top cell thickness optimized for AM 1.5 condition, photo-current of the top cell is equal to that of the middle cell, shows highest Isc and conversion efficiency under concentration at any concentration ratio
Accelerated micro-sequential injection in lab-on-valve format, applied to enzymatic assays.

The assay cycle of sequential injection (SI) analysis has been greatly accelerated by simultaneously processing two sample injections within the same manifold. This is achieved through micro-miniaturization of the SI system using the lab-on-valve format (LOV), and by optimizing the assay protocol for stopped-flow reaction rate measurements. The approach has been tested on enzymatic assays of glucose and ethanol, but it is, in principle, applicable to all SI reagent-based assays. The average assay time for a single run has been shortened from 200 s to ≈30 s. Assays were carried out at 22 °C and 37 °C using commercially available reagent kits. For glucose, at 22 °C, the calibration had a linear response (r2 = 0.9999) for the concentration range of 100–1000 ppm. At 37 °C, the calibration was linear (r2 = 0.9996) for 100–600 ppm glucose, but was a second order polynomial curve (r2 = 0.9996) for 100–1000 ppm. For ethanol, at both 22 °C and 37 °C, the calibrations were linear for the concentration range of 50–250 ppm. The r2 at two temperatures was 0.9994 and 0.9995, respectively. For both the glucose and ethanol assays, the relative standard deviations were below 3%. Factors affecting sampling frequency are discussed. In this work, sequential injection is shown, for the first time, to achieve sampling frequency comparable to flow injection (FI), while retaining the advantages of small reagent consumption (typically microlitres per assay), minimized waste production, full automation of assay protocols, and zero carryover.
Enduring Risk? Old Criminal Records and Predictions of Future Criminal Involvement

It is well accepted that criminal records impose collateral consequences on offenders. Such records affect access to public housing, student financial aid, welfare benefits, and voting rights. An axiom of these policies is that individuals with criminal records—even old criminal records—exhibit significantly higher risk of future criminal conduct than do individuals without criminal records. In this article, the authors use police contact data from the 1942 Racine birth cohort study to determine whether individuals whose last criminal record occurred many years ago exhibit a higher risk of acquiring future criminal records than do individuals with no criminal record at all. Findings suggest that there is little to no distinguishable difference between these groups.
Automaton meets algebra: a hybrid paradigm for XML stream processing

XML stream applications bring the challenge of efficiently processing queries on sequentially accessible token-based data streams. The automata paradigm is naturally suited for pattern recognition on tokenized XML streams, but requires patches for fulfilling the filtering or restructuring functionalities in the XML query language. In contrast, the algebraic paradigm is a well-established technique for processing self-contained tuples. It however does not traditionally support token inputs. The Raindrop framework is the first to accommodate these two paradigms within one algebraic framework, taking advantage of both. This paper describes the overall framework, highlighting in particular three aspects. First, we describe how the tokens and tuples are modeled in one uniform query processing model. Second, we present the query rewriting that switches computations between these two data models. Third, we discuss strategies for the implementation and synchronization of the operators within the framework. We report experimental results that illustrate the unique optimization opportunities offered by this novel framework.
Influence of intrastriatal infusion of dynorphin fragments on overflow of acetylcholine and dopamine in the rat brain.

Dynorphin (DYN) fragments are the members of the endogenous opioid system and postulated ligands for the opioid receptors. Infusion of DYN1–17 fragment into the rat dorsal striatum caused a significant increase in acetylcholine and decrease in dopamine overflow. Contrary to this, infusions of DYN2–17 fragment into the rat dorsal striatum caused a significant increase in dopamine and decrease in acetylcholine overflow. Intrastriatal infusions of different doses of the acetylcholinesterase blocker, neostigmine, augmented acetylcholine and inhibited dopamine overflow in a dose-dependent manner. The opposing responses of the DYN fragments suggest that the N-terminal residue plays a key role in presynaptic neuromodulation.
Cell rearrangement and segmentation in Xenopus: direct observation of cultured explants

We make use of a novel system of explant culture and high resolution video-film recording to analyse for the first time the cell behaviour underlying convergent extension and segmentation in the somitic mesoderm of Xenopus. We find that a sequence of activities sweeps through the somitic mesoderm from anterior to posterior during gastrulation and neurulation, beginning with radial cell intercalation or thinning, continuing with mediolateral intercalation and cell elongation, and culminating in segmentation and somite rotation. Radial intercalation at the posterior tip lengthens the tissue, while mediolateral intercalation farther anterior converges it toward the midline. This extension of the somitic mesoderm helps to elongate the dorsal side of intact neurulae. By separating tissues, we demonstrate that cell rearrangement is independent of the notochord, but radial intercalation - and thus the bulk of extension - requires the presence of an epithelium, either endodermal or ectodermal. Segmentation, on the other hand, can proceed in somitic mesoderm isolated at the end of gastrulation. Finally, we discuss the relationship between cell rearrangement and segmentation.
Inference in Nonlinear Econometric Models with Structural Change

This paper extends the classical test for structural change in linear regression models (see Chow (1960)) to a wide variety of nonlinear models, estimated by a variety of different procedures. Wald, Lagrange multiplier-like, and likelihood ratio-like test statistics are introduced. The results allow for heterogeneity and temporal dependence of the observations. In the process of developing the above tests, the paper also provides a compact presentation of general unifying results for estimation and testing in nonlinear parametric econometric models.
Internal and External Networking Differentially Predict Turnover Through Job Embeddedness and Job Offers

Although the career benefits associated with professional networking are relatively well established, the repercussions of this highly regarded career management activity for voluntary turnover have rarely been examined. Given the potential costs associated with voluntary turnover, this study sought to clarify the roles of networking behaviors in relation to voluntary turnover by focusing on the distinction between internal and external networking. Based on survey responses of industrial and organizational psychology professionals, we found that internal and external networking behaviors differentially predicted decisions to voluntarily leave employers 2 years later: The likelihood of voluntary turnover was negatively predicted by internal networking and positively predicted by external networking. Furthermore, to shed light on the reasons why employee networking behaviors differentially predicted turnover decisions, this study also examined 4 turnover antecedents (job satisfaction, job embeddedness, perceived employment opportunities, and job offers) as potential mediating mechanisms. Results revealed that the relationships of internal and external networking with voluntary turnover were mediated by job embeddedness and job offers, respectively. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding and managing employee networking and retention.
Hydrogen peroxide and metabolic coronary flow regulation.

Myocardial perfusion is closely matched to increases in myocardial metabolism, because the extraction of oxygen is near maximal at rest ([1][1]). The net vascular resistance to coronary blood flow represents the integration of systolic compressive effects that vary throughout the cardiac cycle, with
Beryllium-10 concentrations in the hyper-arid soils in the Atacama Desert, Chile: Implications for arid soil formation rates and El Niño driven changes in Pliocene precipitation

Abstract Meteoric 10Be concentrations in soil were measured to understand the mechanism, timescale, and climatic dependence of soil formation in the hyper-arid Atacama Desert. The observed systematic decline of soil 10Be concentrations with depth has been reproduced using a simple model that assumes soil matrix, including 10Be, builds up as layers over time while 10Be decays in situ. This suggests a mechanism of soil accumulation via atmospheric deposition, which is in agreement with stable isotopic evidence. The model estimates an age of ∼6.6 ± 0.4 Ma for the total soil profile. Small discrepancies between the model and observations are likely mainly due to changes in precipitation rates that can impact 10Be delivery rates and 10Be movement within the profile. Interpreted in this way, the 10Be data suggest drying in the Atacama after ∼4.7 Ma, and returning to an insignificant wet period at ∼1 Ma, which was possibly connected to El Nino- or La Nina-like climate change.
China Will Hold Down the RMB

Under pressure from military hawks and protectionists in the United States, China blinked and “reformed” its exchange rate regime on July 21. The governor of the People’s Bank of China, Zhou Xiaochuan, and America’s treasury secretary, John Snow, hailed these reforms as a positive first step. But in less than a week, the People’s Bank issued a “Solemn Statement” that threw cold water on the notion that the first revaluation step would lead to others. Indeed, the People’s Bank ruled out a large appreciation of the renminbi against the dollar.
Tidal saline wetland regeneration of sentinel vegetation types in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: An overview

Abstract Tidal saline wetlands in the Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGoM) are dynamic and frequently disturbed systems that provide myriad ecosystem services. For these services to be sustained, dominant macrophytes must continuously recolonize and establish after disturbance. Macrophytes accomplish this regeneration through combinations of vegetative propagation and sexual reproduction, the relative importance of which varies by species. Concurrently, tidal saline wetland systems experience both anthropogenic and natural hydrologic alterations, such as levee construction, sea-level rise, storm impacts, and restoration activities. These hydrologic alterations can affect the success of plant regeneration, leading to large-scale, variable changes in ecosystem structure and function. This review describes the specific regeneration requirements of four dominant coastal wetland macrophytes along the NGoM ( Spartina alterniflora , Avicennia germinans , Juncus roemerianus , and Batis maritima ) and compares them with current hydrologic alterations to provide insights into potential future changes in dominant ecosystem structure and function and to highlight knowledge gaps in the current literature that need to be addressed.
DDT and Synthetic Pyrethroids: Mode of Action, Selectivity, and Mechanism of Synergism in the Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and a Predator, Chrysopa carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Specific binding sites for DDT and cis -permethrin have been detected in the central nervous system of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), and its predator, Chrysopa cornea Stephens. Competition studies indicated these insecticides compete for the same receptors, but not precisely the same site. In the tobacco budworm, binding of the insecticides to the receptors appeared to be stable. Conversely, in Chrysopa , binding of insecticides to receptors was readily reversible. The difference in receptor binding between species can be correlated with the selective toxicity of the insecticides to the tobacco budworm as compared with that with Chrysopa . Chlordimeform, a known synergist for these insecticides, significantly increased the specific binding of DDT and cis-permethrin to the receptors in the pest. The results of this study suggest a possible method to directly measure the sensitivity of insect target sites to synthetic pyrethroids, to evaluate selectivity, and to detect potential target site synergists for these insecticides against pest insects.
An integrated simulation modeling and operations research approach to spatial management decision making

Abstract Worldwide declines in fishery yields emphasize the need for innovations in fishery management methods and models that encompass the complex dynamics of fish stocks and a broader range of human impacts. To this end, we have developed a generalized analytical framework that builds upon and extends principles of traditional fishery management by utilizing methodologies from the fields of computer simulation modeling and operations research. To address the spatial dynamics of fishery resources and human uses, we built a new spatial population dynamics computer simulation model. Several operations research methods were also developed and integrated with the simulation model to provide a robust, quantitative framework for addressing a wide range of spatial management decisions in fisheries. We illustrate the power and applicability of our framework with three diverse case studies. The tirst case study explores how the use of varying numbers of marine reserves impacts coral reef fish productivity by int...
Failure to attain electrocardiogram-facilitated positioning of right atrial catheters when using the Arrow Antecubital Central Venous Catheterization Kit

When right atrial catheters are used to diagnose and treat venous air emboli in sitting neurosurgical patients, it is possible to position the catheter tip near the junction of the superior vena cava and right atrium using electrocardiogram (ECG)-based methodologies. This report describes three patients in whom this technique could not be accomplished when using the Arrow Antecubital Central Venous Catheterization Kit (Product #AK04250). The problem resulted from an imperfection in the kit's catheter-to-ECG adapter which, in turn, produced an electrical resistance that was 2.5 times greater than normal. Replacement of the adapters with the Arrow-Johans ECG Adapter (Product #EG04900) reduced the electrical resistance and permitted positioning of the catheter using the ECG.
True Histiocytic Lymphoma: An Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Study of Two Cases

Immunologic studies demonstrate that non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas are derived predominantly from B- or T-lymphoid cells, while node-based tumors of true histiocytic derivation are rare, with few documented cases. This report describes the clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of two cases of node-based true histiocytic lymphoma. Distinctive ultrastructural features included numerous cytoplasmic lysosomes, surface microvillous processes, and occasional cell junctions, and the cells stained strongly for alpha napthyl acetate esterase and alpha one-antitrypsin. Since there are few specific histologic features, special technics may be essential in confirming the diagnosis of true histiocytic lymphoma, and determining appropriate therapy.
A $-Family Friendly Approach to Prototype Selection

We explore the benefits of intelligent prototype selection for $-family recognizers. Currently, the state of the art is to randomly select a subset of prototypes from a dataset without any processing. This results in reduced computation time for the recognizer, but also increases error rates. We propose applying optimization algorithms, specifically random mutation hill climb and a genetic algorithm, to search for reduced sets of prototypes that minimize recognition error. After an evaluation, we found that error rates could be reduced compared to random selection and rapidly approached the baseline accuracies for a number of different $-family recognizers.
55 NOVEL ANALOGS OF FTY720 PROMOTE PULMONARY VASCULAR BARRIER FUNCTION.

Rationale Modulation of pulmonary vascular barrier function is an important clinical goal given the devastating effects of vascular leak in ARDS. We and others have demonstrated that FTY720, an analog of the potent barrier-enhancing phospholipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), is also barrier protective through incompletely characterized mechanisms. We utilized various FTY analogs to better define FTY effects on endothelial cell (EC) barrier function. Methods/Results FTY (1 μM) significantly increased cultured human pulmonary artery EC barrier function in a sustained manner as measured by transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) but with a delayed onset and slower rate of TER rise relative to S1P (1 μM). Previous siRNA experiments have suggested that FTY does not exert its barrier-enhancing effects through the same S1P1R receptor required for S1P. We now report that FTY also increases TER in EC derived from embryonic S1P1R -/- mice, providing further support for a novel FTY barrier-enhancing pathway. In addition, S1P3R is not the responsible receptor as S1P3R siRNA did not alter FTY-induced TER increases. Increasing concentrations of phosphorylated FTY (0.1-50 μM) produced a faster TER elevation rate of onset than FTY itself but never reached the rate of rise observed with S1P. (R)-phosphonate and enephosphonate analogs of FTY (1-50 μM) produced rapid TER elevations similar to S1P, while the (S)-analogs were less potent or even barrier-disruptive. Both (R)- and (S)-regioisomers of FTY were barrier disruptive. Conclusion These results support a novel mechanism of FTY action and provide further insights into the vascular barrier enhancing effects of FTY720. HL58064, HL70013-01, FTY720 supplied by Novartis.
Class Dependent Routing In Backbone Computer Networks

AbstractUsers of wide area computer networks vary both in terms of their service requirements and of their communication characteristics. Examples of such distinguishing factors are type of service, priority level, message length, etc. This paper pres nts a system that provides the network designer with a means to define good fixed routes to be used by the different classes of messages in the network. The main tradeoffs inherent to the problem are captured in an analytical model for which efficient solution methods are developed. The resulting algorithm is tested on several example networks, and the main results of extensive computational experiments are reported.
Ticlopidine and stroke prevention.

(1993). Ticlopidine and Stroke Prevention. Hospital Practice: Vol. 28, No. sup5, pp. 20-22.
A C-Terminal Switch Gates the Orai1 Channel

The mechanism by which Orai1 channels are activated by STIM1 remains unresolved. The closed Orai1 channel solved by crystallography reveals the fourth transmembrane domain (M4) has a cytosolic hinged extension. The M4 hinge (SHK; 263-265 in human) lies adjacent to the membrane surface. Immediately N-terminal of the hinge are two conserved residues (L261, V262) that lie close enough to L174/A175 in M3 for hydrophobic interactions to occur. We reveal the 5-amino acid extended hinge region (EHR) of the Orai1 M4 helix (261-265; LVSHK), is a crucial component of the STIM1-induced Orai1-gating site. Expression in HEK cells of EHR-mutated Orai1 (LVSHK to ANSGA), results in a constitutively open Orai1 with authentic ICRAC properties. Remarkably, we can remove the C-terminal STIM1-binding site or mutate it to prevent STIM1 binding (L273D), and the Orai1-ANSGA channel remains fully, constitutively open. The interaction between the M4-EHR and M3 appears crucial to channel activation. Diamide-induced disulfide interactions using the L174C/L261C or A175C/L261C paired cysteine substitutions, caused rapid increases in ICRAC. Mutations (L174D, A174K, L261D) aimed to disrupt M3-M4 interactions resulted in Orai1 remaining closed after store-depletion. Importantly, modification of the N-terminus of Orai1 (the site purported to bind STIM1 and gate Orai1), has precisely the same channel-blocking effect on the constitutively active (STIM1-independent) Orai1-ANSGA channel as on the STIM1-activated wildtype Orai1 channel, indicating STIM1-binding to the Orai1 N-terminus is not required for channel opening. Thus, the N-terminus of Orai1 (74-90) is merely part of the channel pore and not a gating site. Our data provide crucial new insights into the mechanism of Orai1 gating. EHR is adjacent to the STIM1 binding site, connected to M3, and entirely remote from the pore. Yet, its modification exactly mimics the action of STIM1 indicating its fundamental role in the gating of Orai1.
The psychosocial experience of high school girls highly susceptible to stereotype threat: A phenomenological study

ABSTRACTThe author used phenomenology to explore the subjective experience of ninth-grade girls susceptible to mathematics-related stereotype threat in their authentic learning environments. The sample constituted students categorized as either having low or high susceptibility to stereotype threat (SST) enrolled in Honors mathematics classes at an urban high school in the Northeast United States. Results showed that high-SST students experienced a wide range of negative emotions regarding both mathematics and its learning context. Emotions commonly experienced by this group included low self-efficacy and hopelessness specific to learning mathematics, frustration, and feelings of isolation (both social and intellectual) in their classes. Experiences common to these students were perceived differential teacher treatment, and stereotype endorsement linking mathematics ability to fixed traits such as race or genetics. Low-SST students, on the other hand, experienced positive relationships with their teachers...
Teaching attentiveness in the classroom and learning to attend to persons with disabilities

Christian pedagogical practices aim both at the transmission of disciplinary content in the classroom and at the formation of Christian virtues. Simone Weil challenges that of the two aims the greatest good of study is fostering the virtue of attention. However, would it be possible to construct a course such that not only is attention an epistemological good, but it is also the necessary content of the course? This was the challenge in constructing a course on disability in which attention is a primary learning outcome allowing students to rightly engage those with disabilities.
Examining the corporate social responsibility orientation in developing countries: an empirical investigation of the Carroll's CSR pyramid

We investigate the seminal Carroll's corporate social responsibility (CSR) hierarchy using a sample from Nigerian companies. Carroll (1991) outlined four major components of CSR in a cumulative framework with economic responsibilities at the base and philanthropic responsibilities at the top of the pyramid with the legal and ethical components in between. The relevance of Carroll's CSR pyramid in the African context has been questioned and the need for an empirical study on the appropriateness of the CSR pyramid in Africa has been called for. This study is in response to this call to empirically test the relevance of the Carroll's CSR pyramid in the sub-Saharan Africa region. The study also tests the proposition that CSR is viewed through the lens of philanthropy in Africa. The findings empirically validate Visser's (2006) proposition that the philanthropic component weighs heavier than both the legal and ethical components of the CSR pyramid. The results provide a basis for the reliance on corporate philanthropy and guide CSR managers in sub-Saharan Africa in understanding the orientation that would lead to a more effective CSR implementation.
Barcode based hand gesture classification using AC coupled quadrature Doppler radar

This paper presents a novel method of using AC coupled quadrature Doppler radar for gesture classification. A barcode is generated based on time-domain zero-crossing characteristics of quadrature components in reflected signals of hand gesture. Each motion is repeated within 60 seconds to create a distinguishable pattern on a barcode plot, which can be used for differentiation of motion types and gesture classification.
The Strange Case of Moritz Spiegelberg

(1969). The Strange Case of Moritz Spiegelberg. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 171-186.
Retroviruses of Fish

Retroviruses are a large group of enveloped viruses that use the viral-encoded enzyme reverse transcriptase (RT) to transcribe their RNA genome into complementary DNA, which is integrated into the host cell genome. A total of 13 proliferative diseases of fish have been associated with the presence of retroviruses. The etiologic relationship of retroviruses with these diseases is primarily based on the observation of retrovirus-like particles and the presence of RT activity in neoplastic tissues. Experimental transmission has been achieved for several of the diseases. The complete sequence of six fish retroviruses has been determined. Several of these proliferative diseases in fish, as well as the expression of virus, fluctuate seasonally and are likely due to environmental and host factors. Viral-associated neoplastic diseases in fish provide unique models for the study of cancer development and regression.
Single institution experience with G-CSF mobilized T-cell replete haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation

Single institution experience with G-CSF mobilized T-cell replete haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation
Simulation of strong ground motions recorded during the 1985 Michoacán, Mexico and Valparaíso, Chile earthquakes

Abstract The purpose of this study is to develop and test a procedure for simulating acceleration time histories of large subduction earthquakes. The ground motions of the large event are obtained by summing contributions from fault elements to simulate the propagation of rupture over the fault surface. The radiation from the fault elements is represented by empirical source functions derived from near-source strong motion recordings of M w = 7 aftershocks, and gross aspects of wave propagation are modeled by calculated Green9s functions. The procedure has been tested against the recorded strong ground motions of the M w = 8.0 Michoacan, Mexico, and Valparaiso, Chile, earthquakes of 1985. We find that models of heterogeneous slip in these events derived by other investigators from the analysis of teleseismic and near-source velocity seismograms also explain the shorter period motions of the recorded accelerograms. The response spectra of the simulated motions generally have little or no significant bias in the period range of 0.05 to 2 sec for both earthquakes. Also, the peak accelerations, durations, and envelope shapes of the time histories are in good agreement with the recorded motions. The uncertainty associated with the modeling procedure, estimated from the misfit between recorded and simulated response spectra, shows a dependence on period and site conditions. This uncertainty estimate includes the uncertainty involved in using empirical source functions derived from one subduction zone to simulate strong ground motions in another subduction zone. The procedure is applied in a companion paper (Cohee et al. , 1991) to estimate strong ground motion characteristics in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States from hypothesized M w = 8 subduction earthquakes on the Cascadia plate interface.
Burkinabe On the Golden Horn

Burkina Faso is sending out larger numbers of migrants abroad; not all of them go to Western Europe or North America. Income disparities between countries fuel emigration desires, but migrants do not come from the poorest strata, nor do they go to the richest countries. Much sub-Saharan migration is aspirational, undertaken by rising classes and the educated, frustrated of their prospects for a better future. Personal circumstances determine the target, but historical, commercial, diplomatic relations set the parameters for them. The post-colonial metropole connection has given way to new export hubs of the age: China, Dubai, Turkey, India. European Union policy obsessions with illegality, transit, asylum seeking, human trafficking, disfigures the characteristics of the migrants. Entrepreneurial ambition, high educational status, the presence of mature women are missed behind sensational news from Lampedusa and images of people crammed into small boats in heaving sea. I present findings of research carried out in Istanbul. Export trade, diplomatic ties, schools, and cultural exchanges are vital to the trend. Trade links appear as forerunner and bloodline of emigration, while students, athletes, merchants, street vendors, freight brokers appear as stations of a migrant careers rather than as distinct demographic categories.