cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of autoionizing resonances on density-sensitive spectral-line intensity ratios in high-temperature plasmas

We present the results of detailed calculations for the intensity ratios between magnetic-quadrupole and electric dipole radiations that are emitted in the 3{ital p}{sup 5}3d{r arrow}3p{sup 6} transitions from highly ionized argonlike ions with nuclear charges in the range 26{le}{ital Z}{le}70. In arriving at our theoretical predictions, the population densities of the radiating 3{ital p}{sup 5}3d singly excited fine-structure levels were determined by the application of a collisional-radiative equilibrium model, in which we have systematically and self-consistently incorporated the results of fully relativistic multiconfiguration calculations for the atomic energy-level structure and for the elementary atomic collision and radiation rates. In the determination of the population densities of the 3{ital p}{sup 5}3d singly excited fine-structure levels, we have investigated the role of indirect processes involving the 3{ital p}{sup 5}4l4l{prime} intermediate autoionizing resonances and the 3{ital p}{sup 4}3d{sup 2} doubly excited bound states.
Flux Quantization in a One-Dimensional Model

A one-dimensional model of interacting electrons is studied to determine whether such a system, in thermal equilibrium, can exhibit flux quantization. The free energy and current of the system are calculated and shown to be periodic functions of the flux enclosed in a ring-shaped sample with period $\frac{\mathrm{hc}}{e}$. The Maxwell equations provide a second relation between the current and flux. It is found that at finite temperatures, the equations for the current $I$ and the flux ${\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{B}$ have only the trivial solution $I={\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{B}=0$ in the limit of macroscopic systems. Therefore, there is no flux quantization. The free energy is calculated by a generalization of the method of Tomonaga. This method describes the Fermi system in terms of an equivalent set of bosons which represent the collective modes of the Fermi gas. The major results of the generalization are the appearance of trilinear terms in the equivalent boson Hamiltonian and effects of a vector potential.
Experimental observations of detonation in ammonium-nitrate-fuel-oil (ANFO) surrounded by a high-sound speed, shockless, aluminum confiner

Abstract Detonations in explosive mixtures of ammonium-nitrate-fuel-oil (ANFO) confined by aluminum allow for transport of detonation energy ahead of the detonation front due to the aluminum sound-speed exceeding the detonation velocity. The net effect of this energy transport on the detonation is unclear. It could enhance the detonation by precompressing the explosive near the wall. Alternatively, it could decrease the explosive performance by crushing porosity required for initiation by shock compression or destroying confinement ahead of the detonation. At present, these phenomena are not well understood. But with slowly detonating, non-ideal high explosive (NIHE) systems becoming increasing prevalent, proper understanding and prediction of the performance of these metal-confined NIHE systems is desirable. Experiments are discussed that measured the effect of ANFO detonation energy transported upstream of the front by a 76-mm-inner-diameter aluminum confining tube. Detonation velocity, detonation front-shape, and aluminum response are recorded as a function of confiner wall thickness and length. Detonation shape profiles display little curvature near the confining surface, which is attributed to energy transported upstream modifying the flow. Average detonation velocities were seen to increase with increasing confiner thickness, while wavefront curvature decreased due to the stiffer, subsonic confinement. Significant radial sidewall tube motion was observed immediately ahead of the detonation. Axial motion was also detected, which interfered with the front-shape measurements in some cases. It was concluded that the confiner was able to transport energy ahead of the detonation and that this transport has a definite effect on the detonation by modifying its characteristic shape.
Beginning English Literacy Development and Achievement Among Spanish-Speaking Children in Arizona’s English-Only Classrooms: A Four-Year Two-Cohort Longitudinal Study

This study examined beginning English literacy-skill development and achievement among Spanish-speaking children enrolled in state-mandated English-only classrooms. The children possessed Spanish skill at or above age-appropriate level, yet minimal English skill, and came from a Spanish-speaking community adjacent to the U.S.-Mexico border. Under its English-only law, the state-mandated classroom instruction is only in English through a structured English immersion model (SEI) using state-regulated and supervised four-hour English language development blocks for these children. Using secondary analysis of existing data, children’s English vocabulary, phonemic awareness, word-reading fluency scores, as well as their English reading and language achievement scores were examined for four years with two separate cohorts of children, beginning with their entry into kindergarten and ending at third grade (K–3rd). Analyses indicated that English-only SEI instruction for children did not result in age- or grade-l...
ANOMALIES OF THE AXIAL-VECTOR CURRENT.

The anomalies of the neutral axial-vector current, of its divergence, and of its commutators in the presence of electromagnetic interactions are exhibited. It is shown that it is impossible in perturbation theory to maintain minimality of electromagnetic interactions, gauge invariance, and partial conservation of axial-vector current (PCAC). The departures from gauge invariance or PCAC which are necessitated by minimality are established. The relevance of the present considerations to ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2\ensuremath{\gamma}$ decay is discussed.
Synthesis and characterization of organically modified silicate/NiZn ferrite hybrid coatings

Abstract Hybrid coatings based on organically modified silicate (Ormosil)/Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 (10–30 wt.%) were synthesized through a sol–gel technique. Tetraethylenepentamine, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane and Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 were used as precursors for the hybrid coatings. These hybrid films were deposited via spin coating onto an aluminum alloy in order to improve the corrosion protection and to act as infrared stealth coatings. The effects induced by the NiZn ferrite content on the chain dynamic, ferromagnetic behavior, infrared stealth and corrosion performances of the coated samples were investigated. The rotating-frame spin–lattice relaxation times and scale of the spin-diffusion path length indicated that the configuration of the hybrid films was highly cross-linked, dense and adhered to the aluminum alloy substrates. The magnetic properties of the resulting hybrids showed super-paramagnetic behavior, such as zero coercive force (coercivity = 0 G) and a low blocking temperature (∼75 K). The thermal extinction of the hybrid coatings increased with the increase in the NiZn ferrite content. Potentio-dynamic and salt-spray analysis revealed that the hybrid films provided an exceptional barrier and corrosion protection in comparison with untreated aluminum alloy substrates.
The plasma membrane-actin linking protein, ezrin, is a glomerular epithelial cell marker in glomerulogenesis, in the adult kidney and in glomerular injury.

The plasma membrane-actin linking protein, ezrin, is a glomerular epithelial cell marker in glomerulogenesis, in the adult kidney and in glomerular injury. Background Ezrin belongs to a family of plasma membrane-cytoskeleton linking, actin binding proteins (Ezrin-radixin-Moesin family) involved in signal transduction, growth control, cell-cell adhesion, and microvilli formation. Methods The expression of ezrin was examined in glomerular cells in culture, during kidney development, in the mature kidney, and in five different experimental kidney disease models in the rat. Results Ezrin was specifically expressed in glomerular epithelial cells in developing glomeruli in mature glomeruli and in glomerular epithelial cells in culture. Distinct from its other family members, moesin and radixin, which are predominantly expressed in glomerular endothelial and mesangial areas, ezrin protein (by immunohistochemistry) was specifically and exclusively modulated during podocyte injury and regeneration. Ezrin immunohistochemistry was able to visualize cell body attenuation, pseudocysts, and in particular vacuolation of injured podocytes, a feature that usually has to be identified at the ultrastructural level, and was strikingly increased in binucleated podocytes or podocytes that were partially or completely detached from the underlying GBM (frequently also binucleated). Infiltrating macrophages also express ezrin, but can easily be differentiated from podocytes by their round shape and higher level of expression. Conclusions Ezrin likely has a role in the cytoskeletal organization, such as reassembling of actin filaments accompanying podocyte injury and regeneration. Since suitable light microscopic markers for the identification of glomerular epithelial cells are rare, ezrin may also be a useful marker for podocytes in normal and injured glomeruli.
TAPping into High Quality Teachers: Preliminary results from the Teacher Advancement Program comprehensive school reform

The Teacher Advancement Program (TAP) is a comprehensive school reform with the goal to attract, retain, and motivate quality teachers. By aggressively recruiting new teachers, providing a career continuum, introducing teacher-led professional development, implementing rigorous teacher accountability, and paying teachers based on their position, teaching skills, and how much their students achieve, TAP schools change their organizational structure to support and reward high-quality instruction. This study examined TAP's preliminary impact on student achievement and teacher attitudes. Using a multivariate-multilevel model for measuring student learning, we compared the growth in achievement of students from TAP schools to the growth in achievement of students from matched controls. Our preliminary results suggest that TAP schools' achievement grew significantly (E.S. = .35 and .41 for 2001 and 2002, respectively) more than controls. However, the magnitude of the achievement gains varied by school and fidel...
Detection and measurement of in vitro gene transfer by gamma camera imaging

The purpose of this work was to develop a high capacity method to image gene transfer to cancer cells growing as monolayers in cell culture plates. A sensitive and high capacity nuclear-imaging method for detection of gene transfer in vitro will allow rapid validation of vectors in different cell lines under various conditions. Human cancer cell lines (A-427 non-small cell lung, SKOV3.ip1 ovarian, MDA-MB-468 breast, and BxPC-3 pancreatic) were infected with a replication-incompetent adenoviral vector encoding the human type 2 somatostatin receptor (Ad-hSSTr2). Expression of the hSSTr2 reporter protein in cells was detected by imaging an internalized 99mTc-labeled, hSSTr2 binding peptide (P2045, Diatide, Inc.). Imaging provided an accurate measure of internally bound 99mTc as evidenced by equivalence of results for imaging region of interest (ROI) analyses and gamma counter measurements. Internally bound 99mTc-P2045 was linearly correlated (R2 = 0.98) with the percentage of hSSTr2-positive cells following gene transfer. Excess P2045 blocked binding and internalization of the 99mTc-P2045, indicating the specificity of the technique. Up to four 96-well plates could be imaged simultaneously, thereby demonstrating the high capacity of the system. This novel in vitro approach provides a new method to test enhanced gene transfer as new vectors are developed.
The Internship in Educational Administration

What is internship and how can a school justify the expenditure involved? In order to answer these questions distinction is made between the internship as a vehicle to maintain, the status quo and as a type of training which will develop an educational leader capable of improving an educational system. If improving education is to be an underlying objective of the internship, then the intern must be assigned to responsibilities which involve him with staff and program development, rather than relegating him to clerical chores which do not enhance his stature. By proper planning and assignment the intern and the employing school system can derive mutual benefit. The educational practitioner, the intern and the university coordinator should work cooperatively as they plan and conduct the internship experience. Such cooperative efforts, supported with a clear understanding of the basic purpose to be served, will prevent the internship from becoming a training ground for routine and clerical chores. The internship is warranted only if designed to develop educational leaders.
Prospective randomized comparison of esophageal variceal sclerotherapy agents: sodium tetradecyl sulfate versus sodium morrhuate

We designed a prospective randomized study to evaluate differences in efficacy and complication rate between the two most commonly used sclerosing agents, sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STD) and sodium morrhuate (MOR). Of 41 patients with acute index variceal bleeding initially evaluated, 21 were randomized to receive 0.75% STD and 20 to receive 1.6% MOR diluted with 50% dextrose. Overall mortality for the STD group was 38% and that for the MOR group was 25% (NS). Control of acute bleeding was achieved in 86% of the STD patients and 90% of the MOR patients (NS). Overall, obliteration was achieved in only 33% of the STD group and 25% of the MOR group; but in those patients who remained in the study over 3 months, obliteration was achieved in 87 and 83%, respectively (NS). There was a trend toward higher rebleeding in the STD group compared with the MOR group (81% vs. 51%) (p=0.078), but there was no significant difference between the STD and MOR patients with regard to transfusion requirements (8.4 units/patient vs. 8.7 units/patient), ulceration (53% vs. 40%), or stricture formation (9.5% vs. 0.0%). The results of this study suggest that STD and MOR are clinically equivalent sclerosing solutions, and that bias favoring use of one agent over the other may be unfounded.
Extending Reamer Life and Improving Drilling Performance by Optimizing Neutral Points in Bottomhole Assemblies.

With the development in drilling technology, operators are now drilling further into unknown temperature and pressure regimes, extending the typical well depth to limits never seen before. To deal with these unseen depths, wellbores are being re-designed with more casing strings. Consequently, under-reamers are being used much more frequently to help achieve the optimum hole size for casing. In bottomhole assemblies (BHAs) with under-reamers it is not unusual to have two neutral points in the assembly, creating a transition zone between both neutral points. To comprehend the effects of placing a reamer in this transition zone, some field cases with reamers placed in this zone were studied. Based on the findings, the reaming bottomhole assembly was optimized to eliminate dual neutral points, which resulted in extended under-reamer life. This paper discusses the benefits of optimizing hole-opener placement in regards to neutral points and the transition zone. Some precautionary procedures are mentioned that can be implemented to optimize bottomhole assemblies that include reamers, reduce BHA failures and improve drilling efficiency.
Affect, state theory, and the politics of confusion

Abstract This paper introduces the notion of ‘state affects’ to describe the errancies that often characterize everyday statist relations. Where structured conditions and intelligibilities, such as the government of populations, engender state effects that veil the state's non-existence, state affects, I argue, enroll bodies and differentiate masses through what Secor has called ‘unrecognizable conditions.’ Particularly where such conditions are bungled and baffling, they constitute a field of problems that enable the formulation of an affective ‘politics of confusion.’ Several models of affect and emotion provide a glimpse at the possible biological–methodological and epistemological–ontological stakes of such negotiations of affective uncertainty in state errancies. I anchor these to Spinoza's notion of ‘inadequate ideas,’ a mode of embodied not-knowing that has important political consequences for describing the opacity of affect in everyday encounters. Finally, the New York City Police Department's bungled management of protest during the 2004 Republican National Convention offers multiple lenses for reading the spectrum of ways in which deployments of the state's monopoly on violence and the work of its ostensibly dissociated materialities sustain the political tensions between a state's non-existence and its affectiva-emotive power.
Wilder Penfield in the Age of YouTube: Visualizing the Sequential Activation of Sensorimotor Areas across Neocortex

Flow of electrical activity across neocortex is essential for many sensorimotor tasks. Whether this flow is localized or spreads widely is unknown. Ferezou et al., imaging activity across the cortical mantle in awake mice, show in this issue of Neuron that touch by a single vibrissa leads to a rapid depolarization of primary sensory and motor areas that subsequently spreads across most of cortex.
Myelin water weighted diffusion tensor imaging.

Abstract In this study we describe our development and implementation of a magnetization transfer (MT) prepared stimulated-echo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technique that can be made sensitive to the microanatomy of myelin tissue. The short echo time (TE) enabled by the stimulated-echo acquisition preserves significant signal from the short T2 component (myelin water), and the MT preparation further provides differentiating sensitization to this signal. It was found that this combined strategy could provide sufficient sensitivity in our first attempt to image myelin microstructure. Compared to the diffusion tensor derived from the conventional DTI technique, the myelin water weighted (MWW) tensor has the same principal diffusion direction but exhibits a significant increase in fractional anisotropy (FA), which is mainly due to a decrease in radial diffusivity. These findings are consistent with the microstructural organization of the myelin sheaths that wrap around the axons in the white matter and therefore hinder radial diffusion. Given that many white matter diseases (e.g. multiple sclerosis) begin with a degradation of myelin microanatomy but not a loss of myelin content (e.g. loosening of the myelin sheaths), our newly implemented MWW DTI has the potential to lead to improved assessment of myelin pathology and early detection of demyelination.
Magnetic resonance imaging in coccidioidal arthritis.

Objective. The authors assessed the MRI findings of appendicular coccidioidal arthritis. Design. T1- and T2-weighted MR images of affected joints, both with and without intravenous gadopentetate dimeglumine, were performed in nine adult patients (ten studies) and evaluated by three masted readers, using a four-point certainty scale for: synovial abnormality, articular cartilage loss, subarticular bone loss, abnormal marrow signal, enhancement of osseous and articular structures, and assessment of disease activity. Findings were correlated with biopsy results or clinical course. Results. Eight patients had active and one had inactive arthritis, involving the knee (five patients), ankle (two patients), and elbow (one patient). Synovial complex was the most common finding in active arthritis (P<0.025). Cartilage and subarticular bone loss were seen 56% and 89% of patients with active disease, respectively. Abnormal marrow signal was uncommon (two patients). All cases showed synovial and/or osseus enhancement. Conclusions. MRI findings in coccidiodal arthritis are described. Enhancement of thickened synovium and erosions was seen after intravenous gadopentetate.
Synthesis, Characterization and Lithography Performance of Novel Anionic Photoacid Generator (PAG) Bound Polymers

Two new monomeric anionic PAGs, and their corresponding polymers, were prepared and characterized. The acid generating efficiency of PAG bound polymers is in the order: NO2 PAG ≈ F4 PAG > CF3 PAG, which agrees well with the electron withdrawing power of the substituents. The NO2 PAG bound polymer showed better imaging resolution, than the CF3 PAG bound polymer. Based on the acid generating efficiency, and our previous results on F4 PAG bound polymer for EUV photoresists, these two new PAGs and PAG bound polymers have the potential for imaging via EUV lithography.
Monsters of the Gévaudan: The Making of a Beast

Jay M. Smith (2011), 392 (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, $35.00). In recent years, scholars in the emerging field of Animal Studies have sought to recast the relationships between humans ...
Polycrystalline hexagonal boron nitride films on SiO2 for III–V semiconductor applications

Isotropic hexagonal BN (h-BN) films were deposited on SiO2 crucibles used for synthesis of GaAs. Deposited films were analyzed for composition, morphology, and growth rates using proton resonant scattering, optical absorption, x-ray and electron diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The silicon concentration of GaAs synthesized in BN coated crucibles was approximately one order of magnitude higher than that for GaAs synthesized in uncoated crucibles under identical synthesis conditions.
Virus particles in an internal parasite, Portunion conformis (Crustacea: Isopoda: Entoniscidae), and its marine crab host, Hemigrapsus oregonensis

Abstract Based on morphological evidence and preliminary physicochemical data, we report the first picornavirus from crustacean hosts. The viral particles are widespread in the tissues of an isopodan parasitic castrator, Portunion conformis , and its shore crab host, Hemigrapsus oregonensis , collected in San Francisco Bay, California. Less frequently, infected cells of the parasitic isopod also contain larger viral particles.
Chemical composition and biological activities of Asimina triloba leaf essential oil

Leaf essential oil of Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal (F. Annonaceae) was found to be active against both human lung carcinoma and breast carcinoma cell lines. From this hydrodistillation extract, 37 components were identified by GC-MS analysis; sesquiterpenes dominated the oil composition (83%), with cadinene derivatives occurring in the greatest abundance (70%). Using the DDPH assay for antioxidant testing, the essential oil displayed moderate activity relative to vitamin E. These findings suggest that A. triloba essential oil may provide leads for active anticancer agents.
Haematopota insidiatrix Austen (Diptera, Tabanidae) in Southern Rhodesia

THE fly-round technique has long been used in tsetse fly studies1,2. The procedure is to walk along a pre-determined route collecting those flies attracted to men, to bait-animals or to screens carried by men. Recent work in the Wankie National Park, Southern Rhodesia, has shown that this method is also effective for the study of Haematopota insidiatrix Austen. This insect is frequently a nuisance at Wankie, during the rainy season (November–February), because of its habit of following and entering motor-vehicles. It was because of this behaviour that the fly-round technique was tried as an aid to their study. A black cloth screen carried by two boys was found to be attractive to the flies. The use of a screen rather than a bait animal allows the technique to be standardized and also to be used in an essentially new way, namely, to study certain aspects of the sensory physiology of this insect.
Size and Wavelength Dependence of the Charge-Transfer Contributions to Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in Ag/PATP/ZnO Junctions

By use of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, we observe the degree of charge-transfer for Ag/PATP/ZnO sandwich compounds as a function of both ZnO nanoparticle size and as a function of excitation wavelength. We show that there are several likely charge-transfer resonances. The most obvious is the resonance at particle diameter of 27.7 nm for all wavelengths. In a theoretical study it has been suggested that when there is an electron acceptor on the nanoparticle surface it may form a complex with the semiconductor exciton and that this is most likely the origin of the size-dependent resonance. At the smallest size (18.2 nm) studied here, there is an increase in degree of charge-transfer (relative to adjacent sizes), indicating the possibility of another, lower-lying charge-transfer state, which also could be caused by the acceptor−exciton complex. The other resonance suggested by our data is to higher excitation energy for all particle sizes. It can be seen that the degree of charge-transfer is rising a...
Acute ethanol and selected growth suppressor transcripts in regenerating rat liver.

Abstract To study the effects of acute ethanol on regenerating rat liver, the mRNA transcript levels of growth suppressor genes (prohibitin, TGFβ-1 and p53) were measured by Northern blot analysis during the G0, G1, and early S phases of compensatory growth after 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) in adult male rats. Selected animals were gavaged with either ethanol (3 g/kg) or glucose and underwent PH 1 h later. Other animals were either sham operated or underwent PH without gavage. Prohibitin and p53 transcripts were increased in relative abundance (as measured by an increase in band intensity) near the GI/S boundary (8–12 h post-PH) following both glucose and ethanol gavage. A transient increase in prohibitin transcripts at 0.5-1 h post-PH was found to be characteristic of glucose and nongavaged rats. Ethanol gavage significantly increased the relative abundance of prohibitin transcripts at 0.5-2 h post-PH. An increase in the TGFS-1 transcripts at 4 h post-PH was found in the glucose and nongavaged rats. Ethanol gavage resulted in variable TGFβ-1 transcript expression near hepatectomy (0 h); however, mean differences were not statistically significant. Sham operation had no effect on the mRNA transcripts of the selected genes during the time periods sampled. These results and previous work suggest that the mitoinhibitory effects of acute ethanol exposure may occur via modulation of growth suppressor and proto-oncogene expression.
A Survey of Manifold Learning for Images

Many natural image sets are samples of a low-dimensional manifold in the space of all possible images. Understanding this manifold is a key first step in understanding many sets of images, and manifold learning approaches have recently been used within many application domains, including face recognition, medical image segmentation, gait recognition and hand-written character recognition. This paper attempts to characterize the special features of manifold learning on image data sets, and to highlight the value and limitations of these approaches.
Triplet pregnancy after ovulation induction with an aromatase inhibitor

Objective To describe the first reported case of a triplet pregnancy subsequent to the use of an aromatase inhibitor for ovulation induction. Design Case report. Setting Academic medical center. Patient(s) A 32-year-old female with polycystic ovary syndrome and primary infertility. Intervention(s) Letrozole, 5 mg/day, on cycle days 2 to 6 for ovulation induction. Main Outcome Measure(s) Clinical pregnancy. Result(s) Viable triplet gestation. Conclusion(s) Use of an aromatase inhibitor for ovulation induction does not eliminate the risk for higher order multiple pregnancy.
Towards computational eco-analysis of building designs

Abstract This paper argues that: (a) construction and operation of buildings is internationally a major cause of resource depletion and environmental pollution, (b) traditional criteria of construction cost and energy use estimation are insufficient in view of a comprehensive environmental impact analysis of buildings, (c) LCA (life-cycle analysis), “eco-bookkeeping” and “eco-balance” approaches could be advantageously utilized in concurrence with more traditional engineering, cost estimation and energy simulation to obtain a broader building design evaluation scheme and (d) appropriate IT-based computational tools could facilitate environmentally informed, integrative decision-making throughout the building design, construction, operation and decommissioning phases. Toward this end, this paper specifically introduces the prototypical realization of a computational tool for the integration of environmental impact modeling approaches within an object-oriented space-based CAD environment.
Zinc supplementation in lactating women: Evidence for mammary control of zinc secretion

sion of cystic and conglobate acne with 13-cis-retinoic acid. N Engl J Med 300:329, 1979. 2. Kamm J J: Toxicology, carcinogenicity, and teratogenicity of some orally administered retinoids.J Am Acad Dermatol 6:652, 1982. 3. Rosa FW: Teratogenicity of isotretinoin (letter). Lancet 1:513, 1983. 4. Hayashi Y: Malformations of the ear in mouse fetus caused by maternal hypervitaminosis A. Congen Anom 12:73, 1972. 5. Kalter H: Teratogenic action of hypervitaminosis A in strains of inbred mice. Anat Rec 133:396, 1959. 6. Kalter H, Warkany J: Experimental production of congenital malformations in strains of inbred mice by maternal treatment with hypervitaminosis A. Am J Pathol 38:1, 1961. 7. Shenefelt RE: Morphogenesis of malformations in hamsters caused by retinoic acid: Relation to dose and stage at treatment. Teratology 5:103, 1972. 8. Geelen SA: Hypervitaminosis A induced teratogenesis. Crit Rev Toxiocol 6:351, 1979. 9. Kalter H: Congenital malformations of the central nervous system. Am J Clin Nutr 12:264, 1963.
Statistical Theory of Nuclear Fission: Asymmetric Fission

A statistical theory is developed, according to which the relative probability of a mode of fission is determined by the total excitation energy of its two fragments calculated at the moment just before separation. In order to calculate the excitation energy, the well known semiempirical atomic mass formula is corrected for its deviations known to be attributed to the effects of nuclear shells. The nuclear level density expression is studied empirically with special attention to shell effects. These results are used for a quantitative calculation of the relative probabilities of all possible modes of fission. The mass distribution curve of fission products of ${\mathrm{U}}^{235}$ induced by thermal neutrons is derived and compared with experimental results. Applications of the statistical theory to charge distribution, kinetic energy distribution, variations of mass, charge and energy distributions with respect to target nucleus and incident energy, prompt neutron distribution, spontaneous fission yields, and ternary fission will be discussed briefly.
Zonal differences in adrenocortical lipid peroxidation: Role of α-tocopherol

Abstract Studies were done to evaluate the relationship between α-tocopherol (α-T) concentrations and lipid peroxidation (LP) in vitro in microsomal preparations from the inner (zona reticularis) and outer (zona fasciculata plus zona glomerulosa) zones of the guinea pig adrenal cortex. Microsomes were incubated with ferrous ion (Fe2+) to promote free radical production, and α-T levels and LP were monitored after various incubation times. α-T concentrations were far lower in inner than outer zone preparations and were rapidly depleted from inner zone microsomes by incubation with Fe2+. Coinciding with α-T depletion was a large and rapid increase in LP. With outer zone microsomes, α-T depletion required more than 30 min, and very little LP was demonstrable during this period. However, once α-T depletion occurred, LP was rapidly initiated and reached levels similar to those obtained with inner zone preparations. Inhibition of LP by MnCl2 prevented the Fe2+-induced declines in α-T in both zones. The results demonstrate the importance of α-T as a modulator of adrenal LP and indicate that the zonal differences in LP are largely attributable to the differences in α-T concentrations.
Factors affecting the surface texture in extruded mica‐polypropylene composites

A Taylor-Hobson Talysurf instrument was used to quantify the surface roughness of phlogopite mica-polypropylene extrudates. The rate of feeding and the speed of rotation of the screw were found to have a significant effect on the surface texture. Under the appropriate conditions of extrusion the roughness of 40 percent (by weight) mica-filled polypropylene extrudates could be reduced by a factor of three. This effect was found to be independent of the extrusion rate.
Congenital Chest Wall Defects

This article reviews congenital anterior chest wall deformities, namely pectus excavatum (PE), pectus carinatum (PC), and cleft sternum. Although the origin of these disorders was once debated in the literature, it is generally agreed that PE and carinatum deformities are a result of dysmorphic growth of costal cartilage that results in an abnormal position/rotation of the sternum [1]. Sternal cleft is an embryologic phenomenon caused by failure of lateral mesodermal plates to fuse during the first weeks in utero. These deformities usually present in isolation and are not typically part of any syndrome.
Effects on Transmembrane Proton Gradient and Lipid Biosynthesis in the Mode of Action of Diclofop-Methyl

Abstract The sensitive sites in the mechanism of action of diclofop-methyl (DM) (methyl 2-[4-(2′,4′-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoate) are the plasma membrane and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), a key enzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis. The hydrolysis of DM to diclofop yields the active molecule that increases the permeability of the plasma membrane to protons (depolarizes the membrane potential) ( E m ) and reduces cellular lipid biosynthesis in vivo . Coleoptiles of susceptible oat ( Avena sativa ) were used to investigate the effects of both mechanisms that function simultaneously in vivo . The action of diclofop on the membrane site was more effective than that of DM to reduce significantly the uptake of [ 14 C]acetate. The rate of incorporation of [ 14 C]acetate into cellular lipids was reduced significantly by 100 μ M diclofop but not by DM, although higher cytoplasmic concentrations of diclofop are present in coleoptiles treated with DM than in those treated with diclofop. The antibiotic cerulenin (0.45 m M ) (2,3-epoxy-4-oxo-7,10-dodecadienamide) did not depolarize E m in oat coleoptiles and slightly antagonized auxin-induced growth, but lipid biosynthesis was reduced significantly. The inhibition of auxin-induced growth in susceptible oat coleoptiles was unrelated to the inhibition of lipid biosynthesis. Diclofop induced lipid profile changes within 1 hr of treatment. Inhibition of coleoptile growth, reduction in cellular lipid biosynthesis, and lipid profile changes are probably due to factors other than the inhibition of ACCase in vivo .
The Pre-NH2-Terminal Domain of the Herpes Simplex Virus 1 DNA Polymerase Catalytic Subunit is Required for Efficient Viral Replication

The catalytic subunit of herpes simplex virus 1 DNA polymerase (HSV-1 Pol) has been extensively studied; however, its full complement of functional domains has yet to be characterized. A crystal structure has revealed a previously uncharacterized pre-NH2-terminal domain (residues 1 to 140) within HSV-1 Pol. Due to the conservation of the pre-NH2-terminal domain within the herpesvirus Pol family and its location in the crystal structure, we hypothesized that this domain provides an important function during viral replication in the infected cell distinct from 5′-3′ polymerase activity. We identified three pre-NH2-terminal Pol mutants that exhibited 5′-3′ polymerase activity indistinguishable from that of wild-type Pol in vitro: deletion mutants PolΔN43 and PolΔN52 that lack the extreme N-terminal 42 and 51 residues, respectively, and mutant PolA6, in which a conserved motif at residues 44 to 49 was replaced with alanines. We constructed the corresponding pol mutant viruses and found that the polΔN43 mutant displayed replication kinetics similar to those of wild-type virus, while polΔN52 and polA6 mutant virus infection resulted in an 8-fold defect in viral yield compared to that achieved with wild type and their respective rescued derivative viruses. Additionally, both polΔN52 and polA6 viruses exhibited defects in viral DNA synthesis that correlated with the observed reduction in viral yield. These results strongly indicate that the conserved motif within the pre-NH2-terminal domain is important for viral DNA synthesis and production of infectious virus and indicate a functional role for this domain.
Negotiating the past, imagining the future: Israeli and Palestinian narratives in intergroup dialog

Abstract Intergroup dialog affords an opportunity to study the deployment of historical narratives in conversation. In this field study, Israeli and Palestinian adolescents were randomly assigned to one of two conditions of intergroup dialog commonly in practice in intergroup encounter programs. In the coexistence condition, facilitators encouraged participants to focus on similarities and to construct a common ingroup identity. In the confrontational condition, facilitators encouraged participants to see themselves as group representatives and to become aware of power differences among groups. Our analysis examined variability in narrative content based on dialog condition and topical focus on either history or the imagined future. Using an interpretive analytical framework, we found that recognition of the outgroup narrative emerged among Jewish Israeli participants within the coexistence condition when the topic of an imagined future was discussed. Participants nevertheless struggled to reconcile divergent collective narratives in conversations about the past and a concrete future—namely, the conditions of a future peace agreement—regardless of the facilitation model employed. Findings are discussed in relation to theories of historical narrative in intergroup conflict and reconciliation, as well as distinct approaches to intergroup dialog.
A micromechanically-based model for predicting dynamic damage evolution in ductile polymers

A new micromechanically-based viscoelastic cohesive zone model is proposed that extends the features of a quasi-static model previously developed by the authors. A statistical distribution of fibril radii is assumed, and a critical fibril radius is introduced as a fracture criterion. Results are presented for various loading rates, and it is found that this dynamic damage model is both physically motivated and capable of modeling complex phenomena in cohesive zones.
Accessory cell requirements for lymphoma growth in vitro and in irradiated mice.

Abstract Growth of the transplantable B-cell lymphoma, PU-5, is markedly diminished in γ-irradiated as compared to normal BALB/c mice. Transfer of bone marrow, but not of lymph node or peritoneal exudate cells, partially restored the ability of irradiated mice to support lymphoma growth. In vitro growth of PU-5 cells is promoted by silica-sensitive, adherent cells, bearing surface Ia antigen and present in peritoneal exudates, spleen and lymph node, but not in bone marrow. Their action on PU-5 growth can be shown only in rocking cultures; the cells do not have to be histocompatible, they act synergistically with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) in the medium. The growth-promoting action in vitro is decreased 24 hr after γ-irradiation of the adherent cells in vitro . Growth of transplantable reticulum cell sarcoma in SJL/J mice has previously also been shown to be inhibited by prior irradiation of the host and to be restored by transfer of lymphoid cells including a phagocytic component, but in the present studies no consistent growth-promoting effect of accessory cells on reticulum cell sarcomas has been shown in vitro . Both lymphomas are stimulated by the presence of 2-ME in stationary cultures. The relationship between the in vivo and in vitro lymphoma growth-promoting activities of macrophage-like cells is discussed.
Adapting multisystemic therapy to treat adolescent substance abuse more effectively

The article illustrates an adaptation of multisystemic therapy (MST) coupled with community reinforcement plus vouchers approach (CRA) to treat adolescent substance abuse and dependency. Key features of CRA enable the MST therapist and adolescent caregiver to more specifically detect and address adolescent substance use. These features include frequent random urine screens to detect drug use, functional analyses to identify triggers for drug use, self-management plans to address identified triggers, and development of drug avoidance skills. To highlight the integration of MST and CRA in treating substance abusing or dependent adolescents, a case example is provided. Prior to the case example, an overview of clinical and program features of MST and substance-related outcomes is presented.
Reactions to Job Content Plateaus: Examining Role Ambiguity and Hierarchical Plateaus as Moderators

Plateauing research often reveals a negative relationship between job content plateauing (i.e., lacking challenge in one's job) and work attitudes. This study explores situations where job content plateauing is associated with fewer negative work attitudes, revealing role ambiguity (i.e., being unclear about job duties and responsibilities) and hierarchical plateauing (i.e., low likelihood of promotions) as moderators of the job content plateau-work attitude relationship. Specifically, job content plateaued employees reported greater job satisfaction and organizational commitment if they were not also experiencing a hierarchical plateau. Job content plateaued employees also reported greater job satisfaction when role ambiguity was low.
Sport Abjection: Steroids and the Uglification of the Athlete

(1989). Sport Abjection: Steroids and the Uglification of the Athlete. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 74-88.
Tolerance development to the arousal effects of nicotine

To determine if repeated daily doses of nicotine induces tolerance to both its EEG and behavioral activating effects, rats implanted with sets of bipolar cortical elecrodes and carotid cannulae received intracarotid injections of either (1) 6 daily doses of nicotine (as tartrate, 30 mug/kg) (Group 1) or (2) 3 daily doses of saline followed by 4 days of nicotine (Group 2). From an exercise-induced resting state, nicotine produced immediate EEG and behavioral arousal, both of which disappeared in Group 1 by Day 6. Saline administered to Group 2 rats produced little or no response but subsequent nicotine resulted in responses similar to those produced by Group 1 animals. It is concluded that tolerance development to nicotine activation is reflected not only in behavior, but also in the EEG.
Oral administration of an antigenic synthetic lipopeptide (MAP-P3C) evokes salivary antibodies and systemic humoral and cellular responses.

Parenteral immunization with a tetravalent multiple antigen peptide (MAP) containing a gp120 sequence coupled to a synthetic lipophilic moiety (MAP-P3C) has been previously found to produce systemic antibody and cellular responses in mice. This study demonstrates that oral administration of MAP-P3C induced IgA antibodies in mucosal secretions and protein-speck IgG in the sera of the immunized mice. Moreover, intragastric delivery of MAP-P3C generated systemic T-lymphocyte stimulation and specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity. The CTL response was eliminated by treatment with CD8-specific antibody plus complement and was MHC class I-restricted. Therefore, presentation of lipid-linked synthetic peptides to the intestinal mucosal surface is effective in initiating humoral and cellular immunity both at mucosal sites and systemically.
Gene Expression Characterization of HPV Positive Head and Neck Cancer to Predict Response to Chemoradiation

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been shown to have a causal role in the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. While HPV-positive head and neck cancer is associated with a better response to treatment in the majority of patients, there is a subset who does not respond favorably to current therapy. Identification of these patients could prevent unnecessary morbidity and indicate the need for alternative therapeutic options. Tissue samples were obtained from 19 patients with HPV-positive head and neck squamous carcinoma treated with chemoradiation therapy. HPV status was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis through detection of HPV16 E7 in both DNA and RNA. RNA was isolated from tissue samples and subjected to microarray gene expression analysis. In addition to identification of potential genetic biomarkers (including LCE3D, KRTDAP, HMOX1, KRT19, MDK, TSPAN1), differentially expressed genes associated with genomic stability, cell cycle, and DNA damage were detected between responders and non-responders. These results were further validated with publicly available gene expression studies. This pilot study suggests prospective biomarkers that predict response to therapy. The importance of genes involved with genomic stability is highlighted in both development and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma but also recurrence. Potential development of an assay may prove beneficial to clinicians, assisting them to provide alternative care sooner thus lowering morbidity.
A Critique of Internet Polls as Symbolic Representation and Pseudo-Events

The Internet continues to grow as an information and entertainment medium. Internet growth has implications for the news industry. Twenty-four hour news networks such as CNN and MSNBC regularly encourage viewers of their television programs to visit their Web sites. While visiting news Web sites, visitors are invited to participate in opinion polls. Unfortunately, these online opinion polls are not scientific and have little real news value. In spite of these limitations, news Web sites' Internet polls are often treated as serious topics in broadcast news discussions. This article examines media organizations' Internet online polls and critiques them as instances of symbolic representation and pseudo-events that have arisen largely out of the integration of print, broadcast, and Internet media.
Sex role typology as a function of age among registered nurses.

The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between sex role orientation and age in women working in a traditional occupation. It was hypothesized that older working female nurses would be more androgynous in sex role orientation than their younger counterparts. Ninety‐eight female registered nurses ranging in age from 30 to 59 completed the Personal Attributes Questionnaire and sociodemographic data. Contrary to prediction, age had no significant effect on sex role orientation. It was concluded that (a) no change in masculinity/femininity self‐descriptions occur over time, (b) only some women change, and (c) changes may proceed in different directions in response to shifts in role responsibilities or other situational events.
Social Psychological Dimensions of Bioenergy Development and Public Acceptance

The best technology does no good unless people use it. Thus, the future of biofuels depends not only on development of effective and efficient technologies but also on the social, economic, and political climate within which people decide to use or avoid these new fuel sources and technologies. On a social psychological level, individual behaviors are often guided by people’s attitudes toward the behavior or objects involved and by the norms established by others within the social setting. Therefore, understanding technology adoption requires an understanding of how public attitudes and beliefs are formed or changed, as well as the implications of these changes for social norms. We provide an overview of basic social psychology research connecting attitudes and norms to individual behavior, and we describe implications of these social factors for biofuel development and use.