cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Innovation Adoption: A Review of Theories and Constructs

Many theoretical frameworks seek to describe the dynamic process of the implementation of innovations. Little is known, however, about factors related to decisions to adopt innovations and how the likelihood of adoption of innovations can be increased. Using a narrative synthesis approach, this paper compared constructs theorized to be related to adoption of innovations proposed in existing theoretical frameworks in order to identify characteristics likely to increase adoption of innovations. The overall goal was to identify elements across adoption frameworks that are potentially modifiable and, thus, might be employed to improve the adoption of evidence-based practices. The review identified 20 theoretical frameworks that could be grouped into two broad categories: theories that mainly address the adoption process (N = 10) and theories that address adoption within the context of implementation, diffusion, dissemination, and/or sustainability (N = 10). Constructs of leadership, operational size and structure, innovation fit with norms and values, and attitudes/motivation toward innovations each are mentioned in at least half of the theories, though there were no consistent definitions of measures for these constructs. A lack of precise definitions and measurement of constructs suggests further work is needed to increase our understanding of adoption of innovations.
Composition analysis of suspended aerosol particles by raman spectroscopy: Sulfates and nitrates

Abstract Raman spectra of suspended single aerosol particles were obtained for several environmentally important species, such as sulfates and nitrates. Experiments were carried out using a quadrupole cell as the particle containment chamber and the 4880-A line of an argon ion laser as excitation source. Raman frequency shifts were measured for the above-mentioned species with a resolution of 4 cm −1 . Quantitative measurements were also established for sulfate and nitrate mixtures in both crystalline and aqueous states under controlled laboratory conditions. The present work demonstrates the feasibility of a nondestructive and unique technique for aerosol composition analysis.
How Much Does “Subject Matter” Matter? A Study of Disciplinary Effects in On-Line MBA Courses

Using analogies from Rumelt's (1991) work on industry and business-unit effects and the structure–conduct–performance paradigm, I examine disciplinary and course-specific effects on course outcomes...
Anti-Luck Virtue Epistemology as Religious Epistemology: A Response to Bobier

In a recent paper, Christopher Bobier (2014) has argued that Duncan Pritchard’s (2012) Anti-Luck Virtue Epistemology (ALVE) cannot account for knowledge that we have through Divine Revelation. This gives philosophers who believe that Divine Revelation can be source of knowledge reason to reject ALVE. Bobier’s arguments are specifically against ALVE, but they serve as arguments against all sorts of (modest) virtue epistemologies. In this paper then, I will critically examine Bobier’s argument, and contend that (modest) virtue epistemologies are compatible with knowledge through Divine Revelation.
Phase IB study of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 treatment to diminish suppressor cells in head and neck cancer patients

Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have profound immune defects. These defects are associated with a poor prognosis and are mediated, in part, by an increased number of immune inhibitory CD34(+) progenitor cells in their peripheral blood and tumor. The CD34(+) cells suppress autologous T-cell functions. Our prior work had shown that the differentiation inducer 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) could drive the differentiation of CD34(+) cells isolated from HNSCC patients into dendritic cells. A phase IB clinical trial was initiated with HNSCC patients to determine if 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) treatment could diminish CD34(+) cell levels and improve immune function. Six patients per treatment group were orally administered 20 or 40 microg/day 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) for six weeks. Peripheral blood was collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks, and assessed for markers of immune activity. Although no clinical responses were observed, results of these pilot studies showed that 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) reduced the presence of immune suppressive CD34(+) cells and improved immune competence of HNSCC patients.
Encoding details: Positive emotion leads to memory broadening

In the current experiment we tested the hypothesis that unlike negative arousal, which leads to memory narrowing effects whereby an increase in memory for the central details is accompanied by a decrease in memory for the peripheral details, positive arousing events might lead to a memory broadening effect such that positive arousal would increase memory for both central and peripheral details. This was assessed by testing recognition for central and peripheral details of pictures that were selected to vary in a continuous manner across a wide range of arousal for both positive and negative items. The results indicated that increases in both positive and negative stimulus arousal levels led to gradual increases in memory for the central aspects of the photos. In contrast, negative arousal first increased then decreased memory for peripheral detail as arousal levels increased, whereas positive arousal led to a continuous increase in memory for peripheral details. Thus, arousing negative materials lead to m...
Hans Jonas's Diagnosis of Nihilism: the Case of Heidegger

(1995). Hans Jonas's diagnosis of nihilism: The case of Heidegger. International Journal of Philosophical Studies: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 55-72.
Uniform positive-weight quadratures for discrete ordinate transport calculations

Mechanical quadratures that allow systematic improvement and solution convergence are derived for application of the discrete ordinates method to the Boltzmann transport equation. The quadrature di...
Steady-state kinetics of the CO$z.sbnd;N2O reaction over an alumina-supported rhodium catalyst

Abstract Kinetics of the rhodium-catalyzed reaction between carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) were measured in a laboratory plug-flow reactor at temperatures between 550 and 700 K, space times between 0.06 and 0.26 s, and CO and N2O partial pressures between 0.6 and 7 Torr. A brief comparison was also made between the CON2O kinetics and kinetics of the CONO and COO2 reactions. The comparison showed that the CON2O reaction is an important subreaction of the CONO reaction (i.e., CO reacts initially with NO to produce N2O which undergoes further reaction is much lower than rates of the CONO and COO2 reactions (ratio of turnover frequencies at 475 K estimated as 1 (CON2O) vs 7.1 × 102 (CONO) vs 4.4 × 105 (COO2). CON2O rate measurements under differential conversion conditions at temperatures of 564 and 583 K yielded reaction orders of −1.0 ± 0.15 in CO pressure, 0.65 ± 0.1 in N2O pressure, and −0.30 ± 0.1 in total (CO + N2O) pressure. The reaction orders and apparent activation energy (40 ± 2 kcal/gmol) are consistent with a mechanism involving reaction between adsorbed CO and adsorbed N2O dissociation products. The low rate of the CON2O reaction compared to the COO2 and CONO reactions suggests that, under reaction conditions characterized by high CO coverages, the rate of dissociative N2O adsorption is slow compared to the rates of dissociative O2 or NO adsorption.
Commercial Pressures on Professionalism in American Medical Care: From Medicare to the Affordable Care Act

Since the passage of Medicare, the self-regulation characteristic of professionalism in health care has come under steady assault. While Canadian physicians chose to relinquish financial autonomy, they have enjoyed far greater professional autonomy over their medical judgments than their U.S. counterparts who increasingly have their practices micromanaged. The Affordable Care Act illustrates the ways that managerial strategies and a market model of health care have shaped the financing and delivery of health care in the U.S., often with little or no evidence of their effectiveness.
Beyond Confrontation The Resurgence of Social Bargaining in Spain in the 1990s

The proponents of globalization contend that European countries are now converging on an Anglo-American model of capitalism. Contrary to this prediction, this article shows that in Spain, globalization and the European Monetary Union have promoted rather than undermined cooperation among economic actors. Unable to escape from economic interdependence, they have developed coordinating capacities at the macro and micro levels to address and resolve tensions between economic interdependence and political sovereignty. In particular, this article analyzes the resurgence of national-level social bargaining in Spain in the 1990s. This development was partly the result of the reorientation of the strategies of trade unions. They have supported social bargaining as a defensive strategy to retake the initiative and influence policy outcomes. This article shows that successful social bargaining depends on not only the organization of the social actors, the main claim of the neocorporatist literature, but also the in...
Monitoring business conditions at the CIBCR

Abstract In 1981, Geoffrey Moore delivered a keynote address to the First International Symposium on Forecasting in which he made comparisons between the monitoring and forecasting approaches to the business cycle. This paper re-examines the subject: in the following ways. (1) It examines the differences and similarities between the two approaches. (2) It provides information about an ex post test of the forecasting usefulness of an early set of leading indicators. (3) It discusses the use of CIBCR leading and coinciding indexes for countries around the world. (4) It examines the accuracy of forecasts of magnitudes of change in real output made with a long-leading index. (5) It looks at the development of a sequential signal system. (6) It comments on the forecasting of Globescope consensus forecasts.
Kinetics of multicomponent nanosize clusters on solid surfaces

We discuss the kinetics of multicomponent liquidlike clusters adsorbed onto solid surfaces. In this work, the rate expressions governing the growth and decay of surface clusters coupled to a two-dimensional gas phase are derived based on previous treatments of unary systems. General expressions are presented for the equilibrium partial pressures, the monomer evaporation rates, and the monomer capture rates. The composition dependence of the rate expressions is accomplished using the theory of real solutions to represent the activity coefficients and the surface tension. Numerical results from dynamical Monte Carlo simulations are presented for a nontrivial model of two-dimensional binary clusters. A generalized Gibbs-Thomson expression for the partial pressures is found to be in excellent agreement with the numerical results even for very small cluster sizes. The species selective evaporation rates are found to obey a simple rate law that predicts strong deviations from a naive geometric scaling behavior. The growth and decay rates of binary clusters in the simulations were accurately modeled using the analytical rate expressions.
Encouraging collaborative learning among culturally diverse students.

With the dramatic increase in the number of foreign-born residents in many U.S. communities, it is increasingly important that nursing education address the requirements of culturally competent care, The author describes the experience of establishing a teaching and learning environment to foster this concept. The setting was a health assessment course with students from 13 countries of origin. Emphasis is placed on effective teaching strategies, student contributions to the process, and the challenges that remain.
Can stable social groups be maintained by homophilous imitation alone

A central problem in the biological and social sciences concerns the conditions required for emergence and maintenance of cooperation among unrelated individuals. Most models and experiments have been pursued in a game–theoretic context and involve reward or punishment. Here, we show that such payoffs are unnecessary, and that stable social groups can sometimes be maintained provided simply that agents are more likely to imitate others who are like them (homophily). In contrast to other studies, to sustain multiple types we need not impose the restriction that agents also choose to make their opinions different from those in other groups.
Computed tomography fluoroscopy: Techniques and applications

Computed tomography fluoroscopy (CTF) was first introduced into clinical practice in Japan in 1993 and in the United States in 1995, yet it has been used predominantly at large academic hospitals. Early literature on CTF is composed primarily of abstracts that detail anecdotal experiences and that have been presented at major meetings. Scientific papers evaluating CTF in clinical practice have been introduced in scientific journals only recently. This article reviews the literature for CTF with specific emphasis on clinical techniques, applications, and results. It is the goal of the author to provide the reader with a basic working knowledge of how to perform CTF-guided procedures and how to integrate CTF into clinical practice.
The Use of Paradox With Children in an Inpatient Treatment Setting

This paper illustrates with case examples the use of paradoxical procedures in a child inpatient treatment center. Indications and contraindications for this type of intervention are discussed.
Evidence for involvement of non-biliary excretion into the intestines in the formation of methylsulphonyl-containing metabolites of 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide (propachlor) by swine and rats

1. Radiolabelled metabolites excreted in the urine of swine after an oral dose of 14C-propachlor were similar to those previously reported with rats and included methylsulphonyl (CH3SO2-)-containing metabolites.2. A bile-duct-cannulated pig dosed orally with 14C-propachlor excreted 7.6% dose in the bile compared with approx, 75% dose with rats. Although enterohepatic circulation had been prevented with the bile-duct-cannulated pig, CH3SO3 metabolites of propachlor were excreted in the urine. Enterohepatic circulation had been reported to be necessary for formation of CH3SO2 metabolites of propachlor with rats.3. Germ-free pigs dosed orally with 14-C-propachlor did not excrete urinary CH3SO2 metabolites, indicating involvement of the enteric flora in the production of these metabolites as shown previously with rats.4. A g.l.c.-mass spectrometric specific ion monitoring technique indicated that trace amounts of CH3SO2 metabolites were present in the urine and bile of bile-duct-cannulated rats dosed orally w...
Identification of the G-genome donor to Triticum timopheevii by DNA:DNA hybridizations.

In vitro DNA:DNA hybridizations and hydroxyapatite thermal-elution chromatography were employed to identify the diploid Triticum species ancestral to the G genome of Triticum timopheevii. Total genomic, unique-sequence, and repeated-sequence fractions of 3H-T. timopheevii DNA were hybridized to the corresponding fractions of unlabeled DNAs of T. searsii, T. speltoides, T. sharonensis, T. longissimum, and T. bicorne. The heteroduplex thermal stabilities indicated that, of the five species examined, T. speltoides was the most closely related to the G genome of T. timopheevii. Thus, T. spelotides appears to be the G-genome donor to T. timopheevii. The thermal stability profiles further indicated that the repeated DNA fractions from the five diploid species and the tetraploid T. timopheevii are more similar than the unique DNA fractions. This indicates that all of these species are closely related and that the sequences which comprise the current repeated fractions in the various species have not undergone any significant change since the formation of various species.
Whole-body deletion of LPS-induced TNF-α factor (LITAF) markedly improves experimental endotoxic shock and inflammatory arthritis

LPS-induced TNF-α factor (LITAF) mediates cytokine expression in response to endotoxin challenge. Previously, we reported that macrophage-specific LITAF-deficient (macLITAF−/−) mice exposed to LPS have a delayed onset in the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines and prolonged persistence of anti-inflammatory cytokines, but only partial protection from endotoxic shock. We postulated that greater protection might be achieved if LITAF were deleted from all LITAF-producing cells, including macrophages. Using a Cre-loxP system, we engineered a tamoxifen-induced recombination mouse [tamLITAF(i)−/−] that resulted in whole-body LITAF deficiency. Our findings demonstrate that (i) tamLITAF(i)−/− mice are more resistant to systemic Escherichia coli LPS-induced lethality than our previous macLITAF−/− mice, providing evidence that LITAF-producing cells other than LysMCre-positive cells play an important role in mediating endotoxic shock; (ii) tamLITAF(i)−/− mice show a similar pattern of cytokine expression with decreased proinflammatory and prolonged anti-inflammatory mediators compared with WT mice; and (iii) tamLITAF(i)−/− mice, compared with WT mice, display a significant reduction in bone resorption and inflammation associated with a local chronic inflammatory disease—namely, collagen antibody-induced arthritis. Our findings offer a unique model to study the role of LITAF in systemic and chronic local inflammatory processes, and pave the way for anti-LITAF therapeutic approaches for the treatment of TNF-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Exfoliation Corrosion and Pitting Corrosion and Their Role in Fatigue Predictive Modeling: State-of-the-Art Review

Intergranular attack (IG) and exfoliation corrosion (EC) have a detrimental impact on the structural integrity of aircraft structures of all types. Understanding the mechanisms and methods for dealing with these processes and with corrosion in general has been and is critical to the safety of critical components of aircraft. Discussion of cases where IG attack and exfoliation caused issues in structural integrity in aircraft in operational fleets is presented herein along with a much more detailed presentation of the issues involved in dealing with corrosion of aircraft. Issues of corrosion and fatigue related to the structural integrity of aging aircraft are introduced herein. Mechanisms of pitting nucleation are discussed which include adsorption-induced, ion migration-penetration, and chemicomechanical film breakdown theories. In addition, pitting corrosion (PC) fatigue models are presented as well as a critical assessment of their application to aircraft structures and materials. Finally environmental effects on short crack behavior of materials are discussed, and a compilation of definitions related to corrosion and fatigue are presented.
Seedling vigor and nitrogen use efficiency of Moroccan wheat as influenced by level of soil nitrogen

Abstract One of the characteristics that can help wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants escape late season drought in the semiarid areas of Morocco is early stand establishment and adequate vigor. Little is known about the effect of nitrogen (N) on early seedling vigor in wheat. The objective of this study was to determine how N supply affects early root and shoot growth, N partitioning between the two parts and N use efficiency of seedlings. To reach this objective, three spring wheat cultivars were grown in pots in a growth chamber under N conditions which were low, adequate and high. Data showed that optimum N rates increased shoot and root growth but high N concentrations reduced their dry matter accumulation and inhibited root elongation. The cultivars tested behaved differently. ‘Nesma’, an older cultivar, produced 60% more dry matter and accumulated 93% more N in the shoot and root than the newer cultivars ‘Merchouch 8’ and ‘Saada’. Because of its high N uptake, ‘Nesma’ probably reduced soil N concen...
Three-dimensional micromechanical analysis of cracks in a ceramic composite

Abstract The finite element method is used to perform a three-dimensional micromechanical analysis of a crack in a fiber-reinforced ceramic for cases when the crack length is of the same order of magnitude as the fiber spacing. Three stages in the growth of the crack as it progresses past a set of fibers are considered. The stress intensity factor is calculated under mode-I loading for various crack lengths and the reinforcing effect of the fibers is determined. The results of this study are compared to the results of two-dimensional analyses in order to assess the validity of the two-dimensional approximation.
A controlled study of imipramine (Tofranil) in the treatment of childhood enuresis

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with corssver, 47 enuretic children (aged 5 to 16 years) were treated for 8 weeks. It was found that imipramine in doses of 25 or 50 mg. (for children 12 years of age and over) was markedly superior, clinically and statistically (p
The Excitation of Radiating Waves and Kelvin-Helmholtz Instabilities by the Gravity Wave-Critical Level Interaction.

Abstract The gravity wave-critical level interaction is found to excite both radiating waves and Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities through nonlinear interactions near the critical level. Radiating waves are forced directly by perturbations in the harmonies of the incident gravity wave and Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities, once excited through nonlinear interactions, grow on the unstable velocity shears created by the incident wave. Results are presented which demonstrate that radiating waves can significantly increase the wave-action and momentum flux which is found above a critical level and that Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities are responsible for stabilizing the induced unstable velocity shears. Finally, the implications of these results for the atmosphere and the oceans are discussed.
Career Diplomat: The Record of Joseph C. Grew

“The best thing about diplomatic life,” Joseph C. Grew once confided to his diary, “… is that one never knows when some event or development of prime importance is going to occur. We pursue the even tenor of our ways for weeks and months and then, often suddenly and unexpectedly, we find ourselves in the midst of a maelstrom of hectic activity, working day and night, rushing telegrams, drafting press communiques and speeches, dashing from place to place, doing useful work.” Turbulent Era, the account of the forty years he spent as a career diplomat in the American Foreign Service, is convincing evidence that Joseph Grew was present on an extraordinary number of occasions when something of importance broke and that, above all, he was always doing useful work for the country he served so faithfully and so well.
Dynamic mechanical properties of elastomers for use in circulatory assist devices

The dynamic mechanical properties of several polyurethane and polyolefinic elastomers for use in circulatory assist devices have been studied. This work was a part of a project on the characterization of elastomers suitable for cardiovascular application. In this paper, changes in the dynamic modulus and internal friction of these elastomers (Avcothane-51®, Biomer®, butyl rubber, Pellethane®, and Hexsyn®) are described as a function of long-term static and dynamic exposure to whole human blood. The dynamic moduli of control of Pellethane and Hexsyn are higher than that of Avcothane, NBS butyl rubber, and Biomer at human body temperature (at 37°C). The dynamic moduli of Biomer specimen fatigued in whole human blood at 37°C are least affected in temperature range of 25°C to 140°C as compared with the control. The loss tangents are decreased slightly. It indicates small structural changes after fatigue in whole human blood. These five materials should be considered for use in most or some cardiovascular applications because their mechanical properties do not change appreciably. Biomer performs well under a variety of experimental conditions, long-term exposure to blood, uniaxial and biaxial fatigue test, and dynamic mechanical properties of specimen fatigued in whole human blood.
An Insidious Cardiac Sarcoma Presenting with Progressive Neurologic Dysfunction

Central nervous system metastases as the presentation of primary cardiac sarcoma are a very rare entity, with only a few previously reported cases. Sarcomas specifically make up 10 to 20% of all primary cardiac tumors. Patients with primary cardiac tumors typically present with cardiac symptomatology that may include arrhythmias, obstruction to blood flow and valve function, or symptoms of heart failure. We report a unique case of a patient with a primary cardiac sarcoma who presented with progressive neurologic dysfunction secondary to brain metastases without any preceding cardiac symptoms. We describe our novel management of these unique cases and discuss the current medical and surgical approaches to treating neurologic metastases from cardiac sarcoma.
Global managers: qualities for effective competition

Examines the skills and qualities that are often needed by today’s global managers. Describes a study in which 184 international managers ranked 13 statements of attributes according to their importance for conducting business affairs. Concludes from the results that qualities pertaining to adaptability, flexibility, and comfortableness in dealing with people from other cultures are often needed. Looks at two factors produced from the results of rotated factor analysis. Labels these factors “essential qualities” (the attributes required by every manager) and “supplementary qualities” (the additional attributes required for international assignment). Identifies nine illusions about required managerial qualities which are common in research and practice.
The BMP Signaling Gradient Patterns Dorsoventral Tissues in a Temporally Progressive Manner along the Anteroposterior Axis

Patterning of the vertebrate anteroposterior (AP) axis proceeds temporally from anterior to posterior. How dorsoventral (DV) axial patterning relates to AP temporal patterning is unknown. We examined the temporal activity of BMP signaling in patterning ventrolateral cell fates along the AP axis, using transgenes that rapidly turn "off" or "on" BMP signaling. We show that BMP signaling patterns rostral DV cell fates at the onset of gastrulation, whereas progressively more caudal DV cell fates are patterned at progressively later intervals during gastrulation. Increased BMP signal duration is not required to pattern more caudal DV cell fates; rather, distinct temporal intervals of signaling are required. This progressive action is regulated downstream of, or in parallel to, BMP signal transduction at the level of Smad1/5 phosphorylation. We propose that a temporal cue regulates a cell's competence to respond to BMP signaling, allowing the acquisition of a cell's DV and AP identity simultaneously.
Multi-Channel Coherent Radar Depth Sounding of Jakobshavn Isbræ and its catchment

Glaciers and ice sheets play a significant role in climate research due to their potential effect on sea level rise. Scientists modeling ice sheets are currently limited by the lack of data for key study areas. One of the most important parameters controlling glacier flow is bed topography. For this reason, over the past five years the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) has developed a series of airborne ice penetrating radar systems to aid in mapping bed topography. In 2008, CReSIS collected airborne radar data over a 320 km × 160 km grid in the Jakobshavn catchment, West Greenland, using a Multi-Channel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder. This data grid was processed using a synthetic aperture algorithm to perform along track migration. The resulting data set was loaded into Seismic Micro-Technology's Kingdom Suite Software package. The bed return, as well as several internal layers, was interpreted in order to produce a map for glacier modeling applications. We were able to image the main Jakobshavn Isbrae channel; in addition two tributary channels were discovered. The internal layer interpretation reveals evidence that ice flow within the catchment of Jakobshavn Isbrae differs significantly from what is predicted by most models.
An effective second-generation outer surface protein A-derived Lyme vaccine that eliminates a potentially autoreactive T cell epitope

The antigenic component of a common Lyme disease vaccine is recombinant outer surface protein A (rOspA) of Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), the causative agent of Lyme disease. Coincidentally, patients with chronic, treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis develop an immune response against OspA, whereas those with acute Lyme disease usually do not. Treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis occurs in a subset of Lyme arthritis patients and is linked to HLA.DRB1*0401 (DR4) and related alleles. Recent work from our laboratory identified T cell crossreactivity between epitopes of OspA and lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1αL chain (LFA-1αL) in these patients. We generated a form of rOspA, FTK-OspA, in which the LFA-1αL/rOspA crossreactive T cell epitope was mutated to reduce the possible risk of autoimmunity in genetically susceptible individuals. FTK-OspA did not stimulate human or mouse DR4-restricted, WT-OspA-specific T cells, whereas it did stimulate antibody responses specific for WT-OspA that were similar to mice vaccinated WT-OspA. We show here that the protective efficacy of FTK-OspA is indistinguishable from that of WT-OspA in vaccination trials, as both C3H/HeJ and BALB/c FTK-OspA-vaccinated mice were protected from Bb infection. These data demonstrate that this rOspA-derived vaccine lacking the predicted cross-reactive T cell epitope, but retaining the capacity to elicit antibodies against infection, is effective in generating protective immunity.
Foot CT perfusion in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD): A feasibility study

Abstract Purpose To prospectively assess the technical feasibility and reproducibility of quantitative foot perfusion multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) in patients with peripheral occlusive artery disease (PAOD) and to evaluate perfusion parameters changes after endovascular treatment. Materials and methods Institutional review board approval and informed patient consent were obtained. 10 patients older than 65 years (mean 74.1 years, range 66–95 years) with PAOD and who were referred to our department for single-limb endovascular treatment were enrolled prospectively. All patients underwent foot CT perfusion examinations before and within 72 h after endovascular treatment. A 64-row CT lightspeed VCT scanner (GE Medical Systems) was used with acquisition of eight contiguous 5-mm reconstructed sections (60-s acquisition time; 40 mL Iomeprol 400 mgI/mL, @4 mL/s). Data were analyzed by two blinded readers using commercially available software to calculate perfusion parameters. Inter-observer and intra-observer agreement of perfusion CT analysis was assessed using Bland–Altman analyses and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Changes in perfusion parameters after endovascular treatment were assessed using Wilcoxon's test. Results Good inter-observer and intra-observer agreement was obtained in all patients. Good agreement was obtained for perfusion parameters for the untreated foot and in repeated studies. By comparing perfusion parameters in the treated foot, a significantly shorter mean transit time (MTT) was obtained. Conclusions Foot CT perfusion is a feasible and reproducible technique. A significant decrease of MTT between pre- and post-revascularization suggests improved flow in the below-the-knee arteries.
Molecular hydrogen and spiltover hydrogen storage on high surface area carbon sorbents

Abstract A series of templated carbons with various high surface areas (2033–3798 m 2 /g) have been prepared using various microporous zeolites as hard templates. Molecular hydrogen storage and spiltover hydrogen storage on these templated carbons were investigated and compared with superactivated carbon AX-21 and other reported porous carbon sorbents at 298 K and 100 atm. Two relationships between the surface areas of these carbons and their hydrogen capacities were obtained. The relationship between molecular hydrogen capacity and surface area showed a 0.23 wt.% H 2 /1000 m 2 /g of carbon sorbent at 298 K and 100 atm, indicating that merely increasing surface areas of the carbon sorbents cannot achieve a significant molecular hydrogen capacity at ambient temperature. Spiltover hydrogen storage was achieved by doping Pt nanoparticles (as dissociative hydrogen source) on these carbons (spiltover hydrogen receptor). Our first result on the relationship between the spiltover hydrogen capacity and surface area showed 0.4 wt.% H 2 /1000 m 2 /g of carbon sorbent at 298 K and 100 atm, which indicated that storage via spillover can lead to an average of 70% enhancement compared to molecular hydrogen storage.
THE ROLE OF THE PRESS IN DETERMINING VOTER REACTIONS TO PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARIES1

A conceptual scheme has been presented to examine media influence during the presidential primary season. The scheme, a byproduct of research on the role of the press in setting the public issue agenda, allows for an examination of media effects on what has been labeled the cognitive components of candidate image. Data from a longitudinal study conducted in upstate New York in the spring of 1976 are used to empirically test the conceptual framework. The data are interpreted to indicate that indeed there is a great deal of flux in certain aspects of public opinion during the presidential primary season. The media are seen as partial determinants of that flux.
RNA editing of a human potassium channel modifies its inactivation.

The human Kv1.1 potassium channel undergoes RNA editing in its pore domain. Editing replaces an isoleucine with a valine that results in rapid recovery from fast inactivation.
Time-varying spectral analysis for radar imaging of manoeuvring targets

Fourier transforms are the basis for conventional radar range-Doppler imaging. Target rotation during the coherent integration time results in a time-varying Doppler frequency shift that produces, after Fourier transform, a smeared Doppler spectrum and a blurred image. Sophisticated motion compensation algorithms must be applied to obtain focused images using Fourier techniques. However, image blurring can be mitigated without resorting to sophisticated focusing algorithms by using time-varying spectral analysis in place of the Fourier analysis for Doppler processing. Various methods of time-varying spectral analysis are described and compared. Range-Doppler images of manoeuvring aircraft produced by conventional Fourier analysis are then compared with those produced by time-varying spectral analysis. A quantitative simulation illustrates the benefit of using the latter.
The Development and Validation of a Measure of Special Education Teachers' Attitudes toward the Individualized Educational Program:

The development and construct validity of an instrument to measure special education teachers' attitudes towards the Individualized Education Program used in special educational program development are described. A factor analysis of the intercorrelations of responses to 38 items for a sample of 207 special education teachers from 16 randomly selected school districts in Rhode Island resulted in five derived components with alpha internal-consistency reliabilities as follows: Value for Instructional Planning, .88; Value for Individualized Instruction, .77; Team Planning, .70; Curriculum Planning, .66; and General Value, .64.
Two-Dimensional Ultraviolet Imagery With A Microchannel-Plate/Resistive-Anode Detector

An imaging ultraviolet detector has been designed for use with a precision pointed telescope flown on a sounding rocket. Resolution of better than 80 microns over a field of 5 mm has been achieved. The ultraviolet image is converted to electrons at the front surface of a CsI coated chevron microchannel-plate electron multiplier. For each photoelectron, the multiplier produces a burst of about 3,000,000 electrons, which impinges on a tellurium-coated resistive anode with four evaporated hyperbolic readout electrodes. The sizes of the four resulting output pulses are digitized to 10 bit accuracy and telemetered to the ground, where they are divided in pairs to give the x and y coordinates of the photoelectron event. The coordinates are used to generate a picture in real time, and are recorded for computer processing later. The detector was successfully flown in December 1978. Good images of Jupiter and Capella in hydrogen Lyman alpha emission were obtained.
Effect of the inhibitory phenomenon following magnetic stimulation of cortex on brainstem motor neuron excitability and on the cortical control of brainstem reflexes

We studied the effect of the inhibitory phenomenon following transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on brainstem motor neuron excitability and on the cortical control of brainstem reflexes in 5 normal subjects. The R1 component of the blink reflex assessed excitability of the facial nucleus during the period of post-TMS inhibition (experiment 1). TMS effect on the cortical control of brainstem reflexes was assessed by delivery of a stimulus that was less than or equal to the threshold for the R1 with the subject relaxed, yet elicited a potentiated reflex during maneuvers requiring cortical input (i.e., voluntary eye-closure and anticipation, experiment 2). In experiment 1, a suprathreshold electric stimulus applied during post-TMS inhibition elicited an R1 response that was preserved in amplitude (mean 476 ± 44 μV; 123%) compared to control responses not preceded by TMS (mean 386 ± 31 μV). Conversely, in experiment 2, when the R1 was dependent on cortical drive, the mean R1 amplitude during post-TMS inhibition was only 15% (P < 0.01) and 8% (P < 0.01) of control values obtained during eye-closure and anticipation, respectively. These findings imply that the inhibition following TMS originates rostral to the facial nucleus, at a cortical level. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Activated MHC-mismatched T helper-1 lymphocyte infusion enhances GvL with limited GvHD

DLI is traditionally used to provide graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effects when given to patients relapsing post-hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). However, it is often associated with significant GvHD and has only modest efficacy against acute leukemias. Therefore, novel cellular therapies are needed to improve the outcome of high-risk or relapsed leukemia patients following HCT. Activated T helper-1 (aTh-1) lymphocytes are CD4+CD25+CD40L+CD62Llo effector memory cells that produce large amounts of IFN-γ and TNF-α. We demonstrate that post-transplant adoptive aTh-1 cell therapy enhances GvL with limited GvHD in an MHC-mismatched murine BMT model. aTh-1 infusions result in superior leukemia-free survival when compared with unstimulated splenocytes (SC), purified CD4+ T-cells and T-cell-enriched SC. aTh-1 cells display cytotoxicity against A20 leukemia cells in vitro and persist in vivo for at least 2 months following adoptive transfer. Furthermore, in contrast to unstimulated SC, aTh-1 cell infusion is associated with only transient, mild suppression of donor-derived hematopoiesis. aTh-1 cell therapy is safe, effective and warrants further investigation as an alternative to DLI.
The “I quit” syndrome

Managements, unions, and arbitrators have been plagued by a very simple but long-standing problem involving what might be termed a routine human resource action. The problem stated simply is: When is a quit a quit? Where employees are represented by a bargaining agent, the company cannot always be sure that a “quit is a quit.” It is clear that employers who do not understand the “I quit” syndrome are in an uncertain position with respect to handling such problems. The authors have also discovered that unions do not understand the “I quit” syndrome either and at times go to arbitration with all of its attendant costs when the employee has actually “quit.” The purposes of this article are to study how arbitrators have ruled, to establish the principles involved in this little-known area of union/management relations and to provide parties to such cases with information to guide them. Arbitrators have upheld grievances and reversed company actions often enough that there is a need to clarify what is a “quit” as well as a need to clarify what the rights are of both parties under the collective bargaining agreement. The authors found that many managements use the “I quit” syndrome as a substitute for disciplinary action. It is clear from arbitral decisions that it is best from the company point of view to allow the disciplinary system to handle problem employees. The authors also found that reasonable resignations by employees were upheld by arbitrators. If employers carefully handle and document employee resignations, the resignations will stand. Further, it is clear that employers must issue clear policy statements concerning resignations; this includes avoiding resignations under duress. Finally, parties to collective bargaining agreements need contract language defining a quit.
Utilizing multiple methods to classify malnutrition among elderly patients admitted to the medical and surgical intensive care units (ICU)

Summary Background & aims The nutritional status of elderly patients requiring ICU admission is largely unknown. This study evaluated the prevalence of malnutrition in elderly patients (>65 years) admitted to the surgical and medical ICUs, agreement between assessment techniques and associations between malnutrition and adverse outcomes. Methods For this prospective cohort, nutritional status was classified concurrently using the Mini Nutrition Assessment (MNA), Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), Nutrition Risk Score 2002 (NRS 2002) and MNA-short form (MNA-SF). Demographic and relevant medical information were collected from the medical record prior to the nutrition interview and/or following hospital discharge. Descriptive statistics, inter-rater agreement and regression analyses were conducted. Results The average patient was 74.2 (±6.8) years of age with a mean APACHE II score of 11.9 (±3.6). Malnutrition was prevalent in 23–34% of patients (n = 260) with excellent agreement between raters. Compared to MNA, NRS 2002 had the highest sensitivity, while SGA and MNA-SF had higher specificity. Malnutrition at ICU admission was associated with longer hospital LOS, a lower propensity for being discharged home and a greater need for hospice care or death at discharge (all p values Conclusions Future work in this elderly population needs to explore the role of disease acuity, inflammation and body composition in the nutrition assessment process and in the examination of outcomes.
Factors That Discriminate between Recidivists, Parole Violators, and Nonrecidivists in a 3-Year Follow-Up of Boot Camp Graduates

The authors conducted a study of recidivism of 480 male graduates, aged 16 to 40 years, of a boot camp in the South. Discriminant analysis was used to determine what factors discriminated between three outcomes in a 3-year follow-up: (a) nonrecidivists, (b) recidivists who had committed additional crime after graduation from boot camp, and (c) parole violators. Analyses indicated that present age, age when unlawful behavior began, incarceration as a juvenile, several personality deficits, peer influence, and perceptions of boot camp merely as an expedient avenue to release discriminated between recidivists and the other two groups. Self-esteem, self-efficacy, resilience, expectations of future success, and favorable perceptions of various aspects of the boot camp experience distinguished nonrecidivists from others. Practice and policy implications of these findings are discussed.
Exit of Plasmodium Sporozoites from Oocysts Is an Active Process That Involves the Circumsporozoite Protein

Plasmodium sporozoites develop within oocysts residing in the mosquito midgut. Mature sporozoites exit the oocysts, enter the hemolymph, and invade the salivary glands. The circumsporozoite (CS) protein is the major surface protein of salivary gland and oocyst sporozoites. It is also found on the oocyst plasma membrane and on the inner surface of the oocyst capsule. CS protein contains a conserved motif of positively charged amino acids: region II-plus, which has been implicated in the initial stages of sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes. We investigated the function of region II-plus by generating mutant parasites in which the region had been substituted with alanines. Mutant parasites produced normal numbers of sporozoites in the oocysts, but the sporozoites were unable to exit the oocysts. In in vitro as well, there was a profound delay, upon trypsin treatment, in the release of mutant sporozoites from oocysts. We conclude that the exit of sporozoites from oocysts is an active process that involves the region II-plus of CS protein. In addition, the mutant sporozoites were not infective to young rats. These findings provide a new target for developing reagents that interfere with the transmission of malaria.
Relief and Gravity Anomalies Over a Convecting Mantle

Summary In a convecting upper mantle the normal stress is constant at a constant depth taken at the level where convection ceases. The relief of the ocean bottom is mostly due to the temperatures and not to convection itself; the influence of the shear stress is negligible except near the trench. The modeIs presented account for many aspects of plate tectonics but not for the exact variation of the relief, gravity and heat flow as functions of the distance from the ridges.
Draft angle and surface roughness effects on stereolithography molds

Stereolithography (SL) is a rapid prototyping process, which allows one to build complex shapes quickly. Current research investigates the possibilities of using this process to make injection molds. This would allow designers to manufacture and test molds easily and rapidly. One of the main issues with this technique is the effects of its surface on the part. Molds built by SL have high roughness. This gives rise to a high friction force between the part and the mold, and increases the ejection force needed to eject the part from the mold. High ejection forces often lead to damage or breakage of the part and the mold. Research was undertaken on the effects of draft angle and roughness on ejection forces. It was found that increasing the draft angle does not necessary assist the ejection of the part. As the draft angle increases, the roughness and hence the friction force between the part and the mold also increase. There is a trade-off between draft angle and roughness. A model based on Glanvill's equation was developed to predict ejection force and was consistent with experimental results.
TRENDS IN TOLERANCE TOWARD RIGHTIST AND LEFTIST GROUPS, 1976–1988: EFFECTS OF ATTITUDE CHANGE AND COHORT SUCCESSION

L'etude de la tolerance dans les partis politiques de droite et de gauche a l'aide des donnees de l'enquete sociale generale de 1976-1988 montre que (1) la tolerance augmente envers les groupes de gauche, (2) la succession a augmente la tolerance envers la droite et la gauche, partiellement grâce a un niveau d'education plus eleve, (3) le changement d'attitude a reduit la tolerance seulement envers la droite. Les tendances a une plus grande tolerance semblent non pas etre le simple reflet d'une opposition reduite a des groupes impopulaires mais refletent les changements dans la volonte d'accepter l'expression d'idees opposees