cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of alpha-methyldopa on renal function in hypertensive patients☆

Abstract The effects of oral treatment with methyldopa 1 to 2.75 Gm. per day for 7 to 13 days on arterial pressure, urine volume, glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, and renal vascular resistance were studied in both the supine and tilted positions in 8 hospitalized patients with sustained essential hypertension and impaired renal function. Despite a decrease in arterial pressure during treatment with methyldopa, GFR did not decrease while renal plasma flow increased in the supine and tilted positions from 302 to 350 ml. per minute and from 233 to 306 ml. minute, respectively. A significant increase in urine volume was also observed in both positions. These effects of drug administration were accompanied by a decrease in renal vascular resistance. The results of this study provide a rational basis for the use of methyldopa in the treatment of ambulatory hypertensive patients with impaired renal function.
Wear damage to plastic worms and gears

Abstract Scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigation of the sliding contact surfaces of plastic worm and worm gear teeth has revealed that pitting and ridging are major wear types.
Prototyping flexible touch screen devices using collocated haptic-graphic elastic-object deformation on the GPU

Rapid advances in flexible display technologies and the benefits that they provide are promising enough to consider them for futuristic mobile devices. Current prototyping methods lack facilities to simulate such flexible touch screen displays and the interaction with them. In this paper, we present a technique that provides product developers a tool to interactively simulate products featuring flexible displays, using Augmented Reality and Haptics. This GPU-based algorithm is computationally inexpensive and efficient to deform a polygonal mesh in real time while maintaining an acceptable haptic feedback. The implementation of the algorithm has been found to be successful when applied to a variety of product simulations. This simulation tool can enhance or even replace traditional prototyping and facilitate testing of the prototype at various stages of the design cycle.
Flow properties of homogeneously aerated, expanded emulsion phase of fine powders (quasi-solid emulsion phase viscosity)

Abstract The viscosity of quasi-solid emulsion phase (μe) of the “homogeneously aerated, expanded emulsion phase” (HAE emulsion phase) of fine powders within the gas velocity range of minimum fluidization (Umf) and minimum bubbling (Umb), was obtained at ambient and elevated temperatures by measuring the strain retardation time (τ) of the HAE emulsion phase in this study. The deformation coefficient (Y) was obtained by our previously developed experimental method [Powder Technol., 81 (1994) 177]. We confirmed experimentally that the HAE emulsion phase behaves exactly as quasi-elastic body, by observing the emulsion phase volume expansion and contraction within the velocity range of Umf and Umb. It is to be noted that Umb>Umf. The volume element of the unit HAE emulsion phase could be expanded or contracted by the force balance between the excessive gas drag force (above the gravitational force) and the inter-particle force of the particles of the emulsion phase. This experimental evidence enabled us to decide using the visco-elastic rheological model of the Voigt–Kelvin model body (VK model body) in terms of mathematics to analyze our experimental data. The rheological parameters, i.e., the elastic deformation coefficient (Y) and quasi-solid viscosity (μe) of our experiments, were obtained by using the HAE emulsion phase. Using these experimental data together with the VK model body, we developed our experimental model equation including the measured strain retardation time (τ) to obtain the “quasi-solid viscosity” of the HAE emulsion phase (μe). The physical meaning of this viscosity of the HAE emulsion phase developed in this study is quite different from the “apparent quasi-liquid viscosity” defined in aggregative fluidized beds, under the condition of Umf=Umb. The interesting experimental data correlations of comprehensive rheological parameters (μe, Y, σf) of the HAE emulsion were obtained for fine powders at ambient and elevated temperatures.
Application of the Oil Compatibility Model to Refinery Streams

The plugging of a fixed bed hydrotreater was determined to be caused by an incompatibility of the mixture of hydrotreater feeds. Insoluble asphaltenes coked a heat exchanger upstream of the hydrotreater, flaked off the heat exchanger, and plugged the catalyst bed. The Oil Compatibility Model and tests were expanded to include oils that contain no asphaltenes. As a result, the most insoluble asphaltenes were determined to be in the fluid catalytic cracker bottoms and the poorest solvent oils were the virgin gas oils. By maintaining the feed composition within the compatibility limits predicted by the Oil Compatibility Model, subsequent plugging of the hydrotreater was avoided.
Allergens involved in occupational asthma caused by baby's breath (Gypsophila paniculata)

Although the floral industry deals with many potential allergens, few examples of occupational asthma exist in this industry. A 22-year-old florist experienced symptoms of rhinis, conjunctivitis, and asthma on exposure to baby's breath. To determine the contribution of baby's breath to the patient's symptoms, an extract of baby's breath was prepred. Prick skin tests with a 1:10 −5 wt/vol concentration of the extract produced an immediate response, whereas nonexposed atopic and normal control subjects did not react. The patient's asthmatic response to baby's breath was confirmed by bronchial challenge that caused an immediate fall in FEV 1 of 26.2% from baseline after inhalation of 88 breath units of the extract. With a direct RAST, the patient's serum bound 38 times the amount of IgE bound by the negative control. IgE binding in the RAST was inhibited by the baby's breath extract but not by unrelated inhibitors (ragweed and tree pollens). Immunoblotting demonstrated IgE binding to 13 protein bands in the extract with molecular weights ranging from 11.5 to 68 kd. Serum from a patient previously reported to have sensitivity to baby's breath recognized five protein bands. Three proteins with molecular weights of 27, 31, and 37 kd were recognized by both patients' sera. We conclude that this patient developed IgE-mediated sensitivity to multiple allergens in baby's breath. This study confirms the importance of this plant as a potential cause of occupational asthma in the floral industry.
XXVI. Harmonic motion in stellar systems

(1884). XXVI. Harmonic motion in stellar systems. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 18, No. 112, pp. 200-204.
Therapeutic Advances in Biological Response Modifiers in the Treatment of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is most often a skin-infiltrating malignancy of clonal CD4+ T-cells. Therapy is based on staging and the likelihood of progression. Biological response modifiers and chemotherapeutic agents are used to preserve the integrity of the host antitumour response while selectively targeting the malignant cells. The biological response-modifying treatment options currently used to treat CTCL are bexarotene, denileukin diftitox, interferon-α, interferon-γ and interleukin-12, as well as extracorporeal photopheresis and phototherapy. A combination therapy approach maximises response in patients with advanced CTCL. Biological response modifiers in combination with photopheresis are used for patients with the leukaemic phase of the disease. Among the majority of patients with advanced stage disease so treated, immune response augmentation appears to prolong survival. Future areas of research should assess not only survival and optimal treatment combinations, but also quality of life during the treatment period.
The Road Oft Traveled: Collection Analysis and Development in a Modern Academic Law Library

While law students and faculty are content to research solely online, the librarians at Stetson University College of Law's Dolly & Homer Hand Law Library are actively involving every library department to analyze and develop both the print and digital collection. This case study will analyze the print to digital shift in academic law libraries and its effect on collection development. It will then describe the process of collection management at the Hand Law Library and how the entire library team is used to determine what is required of the collection to best serve our students, faculty, and the public.
Classification of voluntary cough sound and airflow patterns for detecting abnormal pulmonary function

Involuntary cough is a classic symptom of many respiratory diseases. The act of coughing serves a variety of functions such as clearing the airways in response to respiratory irritants or aspiration of foreign materials. It has been pointed out that a cough results in substantial stresses on the body which makes voluntary cough a useful tool in physical diagnosis. In the present study, fifty-two normal subjects and sixty subjects with either obstructive or restrictive lung disorders were asked to perform three individual voluntary coughs. The objective of the study was to evaluate if the airflow and sound characteristics of a voluntary cough could be used to distinguish between normal subjects and subjects with lung disease. This was done by extracting a variety of features from both the cough airflow and acoustic characteristics and then using a classifier that applied a reconstruction algorithm based on principal component analysis. Results showed that the proposed method for analyzing voluntary coughs was capable of achieving an overall classification performance of 94% and 97% for identifying abnormal lung physiology in female and male subjects, respectively. An ROC analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the cough parameter analysis methods were equal at 98% and 98% respectively, for the same groups of subjects. A novel system for classifying coughs has been developed. This automated classification system is capable of accurately detecting abnormal lung function based on the combination of the airflow and acoustic properties of voluntary cough.
Photoluminescence of CdTe under hydrostatic pressure

Abstract We have determined the pressure dependence of the band gap of CdTe at 80 K by measuring the photoluminescence under hydrostatic pressures up to the phase transition of CdTe at ∼ 39 kbar. For pressures below ≈ 20 kbar the band gap increases linearly with a pressure coefficient of 7.9±0.2 meV/kbar. At higher pressures a substantial nonlinearity is observed. Photoluminescence is not observed after the phase transition and is not recovered when the pressure is lowered well below the transition pressure.
Trafficking in Human Organs: An Emerging Form of White-Collar Crime?

This article is based on a review and synthesis of media information and the professional literature relating to international human organ trafficking. The article inquires into the global scarcity of transplantable organs and explores the typical circumstances that surround the sale-for profit-of organs. Factors contributing to the establishment of legal, as well as clandestine, organ markets are discussed, as are the efforts of buyers and sellers of organs to avoid, or to violate, national laws that criminalize the sale and purchase of organs in most Western nations.
The diagnostic value of the thinprep pap test in endometrial carcinoma: A prospective study with histological follow‐up

Case-control studies have demonstrated that the ThinPrep Pap test may provide improved detection of endometrial carcinoma. The purpose of this study is to prospectively examine the diagnostic potential of the ThinPrep Pap test in the detection of endometrial carcinoma. ThinPrep Pap test slides were collected from high-risk patient groups. Pap-stained slides were reviewed and the cytological diagnosis was rendered independently by investigators. Each case was assigned to one of the four diagnostic categories: within normal limit (WNL); atypical glandular cells (AGC); atypical endometrial cells (AEC); or adenocarcinoma, probably endometrial origin. After cytological diagnosis was made, the histological follow-up diagnosis was obtained through the laboratory information system and the cyto-histological correlation was analyzed. Of 106 patients identified, 60 had histological follow-up. For all eight cases interpreted by cytology as positive, endometrial carcinoma was confirmed histologically. Among 25 patients with normal endometrial cells present, histological follow-up showed benign endometrium. Among 17 cases interpreted cytologically as AEC, 14 cases (82.4%) had benign histological follow-up and 3 cases (17.6%) had endometrial carcinoma. All 11 cases (100%) classified as AGC had benign histological follow-up. The sensitivity and specificity of detecting endometrial malignancy were 72.7% and 100%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 100%. In this prospective study, we demonstrated that the Thin Prep Pap test had a reasonably high sensitivity and/or specificity in detecting endometrial carcinoma.
Enhancing the effectiveness of behavioral treatments of essential hypertension.

Abstract Several issues are discussed relevant to the assessment of behavioral treatments for essential hypertension. It is concluded that, because of the extreme variability of BP, large samples of BP behavior should be observed giving special attention to the representativeness of place and circumstance of BP measurement. Experimental evaluation of interactions between subjects and treatments and between different behavioral treatments can provide guidelines for maximizing BP reductions. Subjects' adherence to control and treatment conditions during baseline, during treatment trials and during follow-up periods must also be carefully assessed in order to determine the maximum effects of behavioral strategies on BP levels.
Transient TWEAK overexpression leads to a general salivary epithelial cell proliferation.

Objectives: Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a multifunctional cytokine that has pro-apoptotic, pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory effects. In liver, TWEAK leads to proliferation of progenitor oval cells, but not of mature hepatocytes. This study evaluated the hypothesis that TWEAK overexpression in salivary glands would lead to the proliferation of a salivary progenitor cell. Methods: A recombinant, serotype 5 adenoviral vector encoding human TWEAK, AdhTWEAK, was constructed, initially tested in vitro, and then administered to male Balb/c mice via cannulation of Wharton’s duct. TWEAK expression in vivo was monitored as protein secreted into saliva and serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Salivary cell proliferation was monitored by proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining and apoptosis was monitored using TUNEL staining. Results: AdhTWEAK administration led to a dose-dependent, transient TWEAK protein expression, detected primarily in saliva. Salivary epithelial cell proliferation was generalized, peaking on ∼days 2 and 3. TWEAK expression had no detectable effect on apoptosis of salivary epithelial cells. Conclusion: Transient overexpression of TWEAK in murine salivary glands leads to a general proliferation of epithelial cells vs a selective stimulation of a salivary progenitor cell.
Hydrogen Adsorption in the Ti-Doped Mesoporous Silicate SBA-15

While metal-doped mesoporous silicate SBA-15 has been studied extensively for its catalytic properties, the adsorption of molecular hydrogen in this system has not been considered. We report herein that the titanium-doped material (10% Ti) adsorbs nearly twice the amount of hydrogen at 77 K and a pressure of 25 bar than pure SBA-15, Hydrogen adsorption isotherms also show that binding energies in the Ti-doped material are more than 50% greater than in SBA-15. Neutron vibrational spectroscopy shows clear evidence for interaction of hydrogen with Ti, which is responsible for part of the increase in hydrogen sorption in the material.
NH3 and HCl impact on sulfur removal from E-Gas™ gasification streams using S Zorb™ Gen. IV

Abstract This study is the third in a series examining the extension of the regenerable S Zorb™ SRT (Sulfur Removal Technology) system beyond sulfur removal from gasoline and into its application under warm-gas conditions. Previously, the fourth generation of this sorbent system was found to be effective and regenerable for the removal of up to 1 wt.% sulfur from a working gasifier product stream. In this study, the robustness of the system towards exposure to hydrogen chloride and ammonia was tested. The relationship between these compounds and the formation of zinc silicate and zinc sulfate within the sorbent was of particular interest since the formation of these phases most dramatically impacts the absorptive capacity of sulfur.
Congenital idiopathic hydrocephalus of infancy: the results of treatment by endoscopic third ventriculostomy with or without choroid plexus cauterization and suggestions for how it works.

Background The traditional bulk flow model of communicating hydrocephalus does not support treatment by endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), but successful treatment is reported in adults. This study is the first to report long-term success of ETV +/− choroid plexus cauterization (CPC) for infants with congenital idiopathic hydrocephalus (CIH). The results are interpreted in the context of current models for hydrocephalus.
The mixing rate of a stationary multivariate process

It is known that for a broad class of multivariate stationary processes, the degree of smoothness of the spectral density function reveals the rates of various types of strong mixing. Issues related to the spectral factorization of the density function play a central role.
Gonadotropin stimulates 17α,20β,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one production from endogenous substrates in Atlantic croaker ovarian follicles undergoing final maturation in vitro

Abstract Rigorous and extensive analyses of maturational steroid synthesis during final oocyte maturation (FOM) have been performed, to our knowledge, in only two vertebrate species: amago salmon ( Oncorhynchus rhodurus ; Nagahama and Adachi, 1985 ) and Atlantic croaker ( Micropogonias undulatus ; Trant et al. , 1986 ; Trant and Thomas, 1989a , b) (see also review by Nagahama, 1987 ). The progestin, 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17α,20β-P), is the proposed maturation-inducing steroid (MIS) in most teleosts previously studied (reviewed by Nagahama, 1987 ; Scott and Canario, 1987 ). In Atlantic croaker, however, in vitro studies based mainly on ovarian metabolism of exogenous steroid substrates suggested that a novel maturational steroid, 17α,20β,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20β-S), is its major MIS (e.g., Trant et al. , 1986 ). The maturational effect of exogenous GtH and 20β-S on ovarian follicles from these fish has been previously reported ( Trant and Thomas, 1988 ). However, an increase in 20β-S production from endogenous substrate pools during GtH-stimulated FOM has not been established in Atlantic croaker. This information is essential for a clear identification of 20β-S as the natural MIS in this species. In this regard, it has been previously reported that exogenously administered and endogenously produced progesterone are processed in markedly different manners by amphibian ovarian follicles during FOM ( Schatz and Morrill, 1979 ). Therefore, the major objective of our present study is to determine the effect of GtH on the in vitro production of 20β-S from endogenous steroid substrates. We also investigated the possibility of GtH stimulation of 17α,20β-P production since this steroid has been found in small amounts in incubates of Atlantic croaker ovaries ( Trant and Thomas, 1989a ). We used human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in our experiments because of its availability and effectiveness as an inducer of FOM in sciaenids ( Trant and Thomas, 1988 ; Thomas and Trant, 1990 ).
Serial biopsy results in prostate cancer screening study.

Purpose: We evaluated prostate biopsy results in men with elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and/or suspicious digital rectal examination whose initial biopsies did not reveal cancer.Materials and Methods: A total of 2,526 volunteers 40 years old or older underwent 1 or more prostate biopsies for serum PSA concentrations greater than 4.0 ng./ml. (before May 1995) or greater than 2.5 ng./ml. (after May 1995), or digital rectal examination suspicious of cancer. We evaluated compliance with the biopsy recommendation and the cancer detection rate with regard to digital rectal examination results and increasing PSA levels.Results: Of the men who underwent up to 10 biopsy procedures the serial cancer detection rates were 29%, 17%, 14%, 11%, 9% and 7%, respectively, on biopsy procedures 1 through 6. No significant difference in the yield of cancer on serial biopsies was observed between the groups using the greater than 4.0 ng./ml. and greater than 2.5 ng./ml. cutoff. There was a trend for more canc...
Daily variations in the concentrations of acid and pepsin in the gastric juice of three persons observed for two months

There were marked daily variations in the concentration of acid and pepsin in the gastric juice of three persons who were studied almost every day for a period of two months. At times when these variations were great, one gastric analysis or even three or four made on successive days would have given a decidedly misleading idea of the usual ability of the particular stomach to secrete acid and pepsin.
A Test for a Specific Principal Component of a Correlation Matrix

Abstract In the application of principal components analysis it is common to replace an observed sample principal component vector by another vector closely resembling the sample vector but which is easier to use or interpret. A useful test of hypothesis in this case is one that specifies the true ith principal component. In this article we obtain an asymptotically chi-squared procedure suitable for testing such a hypothesis when the principal components analysis is performed on a correlation matrix. The procedure easily extends to a principal components analysis based on M estimates of scatter.
A note on innovation and patent protection: Intertemporal imitation-risk smoothing

Abstract In the presence of imitation risks, a value-maximizing firm intertemporally smooths those risks across current and future new technologies. Thus changes in patent protection levels can affect the timing of innovation by affecting an agent's motive for imitation-risk smoothing.
Differential effect of fasting on hypothalamic expression of genes encoding neuropeptide Y, galanin, and glutamic acid decarboxylase

The effect of caloric deprivation to stimulate hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene expression is hypothesized to represent a physiologically important adaptation in body weight homeostasis. To evaluate the specificity of this response, we used in situ hybridization histochemistry to measure hypothalamic expression of mRNA encoding NPY, galanin, and the two isoforms of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67 and GAD65) in male Wistar rats either fed ad lib or deprived of food for 24 or 48 h. As expected, food deprivation for 24 and 48 h increased preproNPY mRNA levels in the arcuate nucleus by 43 +/- 13% (p = NS) and 127 +/- 29% (p < 0.05 vs. both fed and 24-h fasted groups) when compared to ad lib-fed controls, and hypothalamic preproNPY mRNA levels were significantly correlated to the percent change in body weight over the three groups of rats (r = -0.72; p < 0.05). In contrast, no significant effects of either 24 or 48 h of fasting were observed on hypothalamic levels of preprogalanin, GAD67, or GAD65 mRNA, and no relationship between percent change in body weight and expression of any of these mRNA species could be demonstrated. In conclusion, fasting increases preproNPY mRNA levels in the arcuate nucleus but does not alter expression of other hypothalamic mRNA species pertinent to feeding behavior. This supports the hypothesis that stimulation of NPY gene expression represents an important component of the hypothalamic response to caloric deprivation.
Chemical Screen for Limited-Transpiration-Rate Trait Among Sorghum Genotypes

A limited-transpiration trait has been proposed for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) as a desirable trait for water-deficit environments so that water conservation early in the growing season allows greater water availability during the latter stages of crop growth. This study was undertaken to explore if chemical inhibitors—mercury, silver, gold, zinc, cylcoheximide—could be used to screen for the limited-transpiration trait. Inhibitors were fed either to detached leaves or to the root systems of intact plants, and changes in transpiration rates were recorded. Only treatment with silver resulted in discrimination among genotypes. Those genotypes that most strongly expressed the limited-transpiration trait were less sensitive to being fed silver than those that either had weaker expressions of the limited-transpiration trait or did not express the trait. The results with leaves indicated the silver test could be effective as a negative screen for sorghum genotypes that potentially express the limited-transpir...
Radiative transfer in nitrogen for the case of uniform properties and local thermodynamic equilibrium

Abstract This paper describes a calculation of radiative transfer in nitrogen. The gas is uniform and in local thermodynamic equilibrium. The temperatures, densities and path lengths used in the calculations range from 5000°K to 35 000°K, from 10-5 atm to 10-1 atm and from 0.1 cm to 35 cm, respectively. Stark, resonance and Doppler broadening of the lines are accounted for by means of approximate profiles and approximate curves of growth. The lines are classified into groups and the contribution of each group to the overall radiation is distinguished. The intensity due to continuum processes is computed numerically, allowing for self-absorption. The results show that under most of the conditions considered, the atomic and ionic lines are the dominant contributors. When the gas is ionized, the most important lines arise from a few same-shell transitions and are situated in the near ultraviolet. Doppler broadening is found to have a significant influence on the radiated energy at all except the highest densities and lowest temperatures.
A practitioner's tool for enterprise risk management capability assessment

In this paper, we present a method and a tool to assess the maturity of an enterprise's capability to manage its risks. Akin to the software capability model we rate a firms' risk management capability on a scale from one-to-five. Gaps between the bottom-up reported capabilities and the top-down perceived capabilities, as well as the gaps between organizations are highlighted and provide a useful reality-check for companies in their quest to improve their enterprise risk management (ERM) capabilities and processes. Through an explicit association of ERM capabilities with the organization's business strategy, we provide a more focused assessment and pinpointing of hotspots. The method presented in this paper is supported by a practitioner tool that is currently being piloted in a large IT consulting organization.
Guest Editorial: Special Section on Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems

Recent industrial demands in the fields of microsystems and device miniaturization led to development of two major technologies, micro-electro-mechanical (MEM) and micro-optics. A promising team-up of these two technologies combined with microelectronics creates a rich enabling technology of micro-opto-electro-mechanical (MOEM) systems. All constituent technologies in MOEM allow for batch processing and embossing and include a micromachining process that makes them highly fascinating for commercial applications.
Utilization of Biocompatible Ferrous Particles for a New Cancer Therapy

Magneto-rheologiacal Fluid (MRF), suspensions of polarizable micron size particles, is synthesized from suspensions of iron particles (micron and nano size) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The iron particles have been surface coated using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with various polymers, such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (poly(NIPAAm)), and poly(acrylamide) (poly(AAm)). The surface grafted polymer has been characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and properties of resulting fluid have been measured using a rheometer.A mathematical model is developed to explore the force induced by the particles on the neighboring tissue under externally applied magnetic field. This force results in the damage of the tumor cell lines and trigger the immune system response.The effect of MRF on primary and metastasized tumor growth were evaluated by using an orthotopic murine breast cancer model (4T1). Tumors were evaluated by growth measurements and histological changes following injection of MRF or carrier fluid alone into the tumor and the effects of subsequent application of a magnetic field to the site. Results indicate slowed tumor growth and increased dendritic cell activation with this therapy and they are encouraging.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Cavity ripples observed during the impact of solid objects into liquids

We report the experimental observation of a well-defined rippling of the air cavity entrained by a rapidly moving solid object entering the free surface of a liquid (water or ethanol). The ripples are fixed in the lab frame, and begin just after the pinch-off (deep seal) of the cavity, simultaneous with the acoustic emission. This acoustic resonance corresponds approximately to the Minnaert frequency for volume oscillations of the bubble. We present an irrotational model which explains the ripples as a spatial rectification of these volume oscillations by the surface of the moving object.
Affinity monolith chromatography: a review of principles and recent analytical applications

Affinity monolith chromatography (AMC) is a type of liquid chromatography that uses a monolithic support and a biologically related binding agent as a stationary phase. AMC is a powerful method for the selective separation, analysis, or study of specific target compounds in a sample. This review discusses the basic principles of AMC and recent developments and applications of this method, with particular emphasis being given to work that has appeared in the last 5 years. Various materials that have been used to prepare columns for AMC are examined, including organic monoliths, silica monoliths, agarose monoliths, and cryogels. These supports have been used in AMC for formats that have ranged from traditional columns to disks, microcolumns, and capillaries. Many binding agents have also been employed in AMC, such as antibodies, enzymes, proteins, lectins, immobilized metal ions, and dyes. Some applications that have been reported with these binding agents in AMC are bioaffinity chromatography, immunoaffinity chromatography or immunoextraction, immobilized-metal-ion affinity chromatography, dye–ligand affinity chromatography, chiral separations, and biointeraction studies. Examples are presented from fields that include analytical chemistry, pharmaceutical analysis, clinical testing, and biotechnology. Current trends and possible directions in AMC are also discussed.
Adverse Lipid and Coronary Heart Disease Risk Profiles in Young Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Results of a Case-Control Study

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a disorder of hyperandrogenism and chronic anovulation affects 5%-10% of all women. Women with PCOS often have elevated cardiovascular risk factors. A total of 244 PCOS cases were identified through the Division of Reproductive Endocrinology at Magee-Womens Hospital and were age-matched to 244 neighborhood controls. The average age of cases and controls was 35.3 +/- 7.4 and 36.7 +/- 7.7. Women with PCOS compared to controls had substantially higher LDL-C and total cholesterol levels at each age group under 45 years after adjustment for body mass index, hormone use, and insulin levels. In the over 40-year age group, little difference was noted between cases and controls. Among cases and controls ( or =40 years of age have similar LDL-C and total cholesterol levels as their age-matched controls, probably reflecting the LDL-C increase with age among controls.
A wireless, remote query ammonia sensor.

This paper presents a wireless, remote query ammonia sensor comprised of a free-standing magnetoelastic thick-film coated with a polymer, poly(acrylic acid-co-isooctylacrylate), that changes mass in response to atmospheric ammonia concentration. The mass of the polymer layer modulates the resonant frequency the ferromagnetic magnetoelastic substrate, hence by monitoring the frequency response of the sensor, atmospheric NH3 concentration can be determined remotely, without the need for physical connections to the sensor or specific alignment requirements. The effect of copolymer composition, polymer film thickness, and relative humidity level (RH) on the sensitivity of the sensor were investigated. The sensor linearly tracks ammonia concentration below 0.8 vol.%, and tracks higher concentrations logarithmically; within the linear calibration range, a 0.02 vol.% change in NH3 concentration can be detected.
Preventing macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus: glucose control and beyond.

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for macrovascular disease complications. Hyperglycemia and atherosclerotic disease clearly are associated, and biologic intermediates mediated by hyperglycemia exist. Our understanding of the pathobiology linking hyperglycemia and atherosclerotic disease continues to evolve. Modulation of the advanced glycation end product (AGE) receptor for AGE (RAGE)/soluble RAGE (sRAGE) system, the thromboxane receptor, and C-peptide comprise just a few of the plausible links between dysglycemia and atherosclerosis. It seems intuitive, therefore, that therapeutic management of blood glucose in patients with diabetes should reduce macrovascular disease and related deaths. However, studies of glucose-lowering therapies performed to date yield qualitatively and quantitatively different results. No definitive proof of the concept is yet available, although it remains probable, with investigations presently under way. Numerous interventions extending beyond glucose control, including lifestyle modification, pharmacologic therapy with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins), aspirin, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, as well as aggressive blood pressure control independent of blood pressure levels, have proved to be of cardiovascular benefit in the high-risk population of patients with diabetes. Thus, all of these interventions should be used in addition to glucose management in all patients with diabetes who are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
Variable length tandem repeat polyglutamine sequences in the flexible tether region of the Tsr chemotaxis receptor of Escherichia coli

Methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) are receptors that play an important role in bacterial chemotaxis. Methylation of Tsr, the MCP that mediates chemotaxis towards serine in Escherichia coli, is thought to be facilitated by binding of the methyltransferase to a flexible tether region at the C-terminal end of Tsr. This study analysed natural length variants of the tether that occur in E. coli due to genetic instability in tandem repeat DNA sequences that code for glutaminyl (Q) residues, creating polyQ sequences of variable lengths in the tether region. The tsr gene of E. coli K-12 (strain MG1655) codes for 4Q at the beginning of its 35 aa tether region. The tether varies in length from 35 to 47 residues among pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of Escherichia, Shigella spp., Salmonella, Yersinia and Photorhabdus. Among previous sequences, Escherichia and Shigella mostly have 4Q and 7Q variants, and one strain (E. coli HS) has 10Q. In E. coli isolated from 50 humans and 75 animals (dogs, cats, horses, birds, etc.), polyQ up to 13Q (44 aa tether) were identified (6 strains); relative frequencies were 7Q (∼77 % of the total) >4Q (14 %) >13Q (5 %) >10Q (4 %). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that E. coli strains with 10Q or 13Q largely fell within two clusters. Serine chemotaxis was not significantly different among 7Q, 10Q and 13Q strains, and was comparable to chemotaxis in the frequently studied K-12 strain. These results are consistent with models indicating that polyQ sequences from 7Q to13Q are flexible, and that longer tethers, within this range, would not change the precision of adaptation mediated by methylation. Studies of this naturally variable polyQ region in E. coli may also have relevance to mechanisms that mediate polyQ instability in human genetic diseases.
Inheritance and linkage relationships of isozyme and morphological loci in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.).

Twenty-onepolymorphic and 17 monomorphic cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) isozyme loci were identi- fied in 15 enzyme systems. Seven of the polymorphic loci (Ak-2, Ak-3, Fdp-1, Fdp-2, Mpi-1, Pep-gl, and Skdh) had not been described previously. Segregation in F 2 and BC families for isozyme and morphological loci demonstrated agreement with the expected 1:2:1 and 1:1 segregation ra- tio (P<0.01). Nine morphological markers were found to be linked to isozyme loci and were integrated to form a map containing four linkage groups spanning 584 cM with a mean linkage distance of approximately 19 cM. Linkage groups (A to D) contain the following loci in genetic order: A psl, Pep-la, B, Per, dm, Pgm, Mpi-1, Idh, Ar, Fdp-1, Ak-2, Pgd-1, Mpi-2 and gl; B lh, Mdh-2, Pep-gl, Pgd-2, Fdp-2, Ccu, Mdh-3, Ak-3, II, de, F and Mdh-1, and Gr; C cor, Gpi, and Skdh; D Tu and ss. This study detected four new linkages between morphological markers (dm-psl, de-ll, ll-F, and de-F) and confirmed previously reported linkages, dm-Ar and Tu-ss. The isozyme/morpho- logical map constructed in this study led to a more com- prehensive understanding of the genetic relationships between several economically important traits.
Topical areas of research needs in ground control – A state of the art review on coal mine ground control

Abstract Ground control is one of the four subsystems of underground mining. It covers not only roof control, but also rib control, floor control, pillar design, shield design, overburden failures and subsidence. In the past three decades, ground control has made a tremendous advancement and many case studies have demonstrated its important role in the daily mining operations. However, there are plenty of room for improvements. This paper discusses the research needs in 12 subject areas including research approach, rock property, geology, computer modeling, in-situ stresses, roof bolting, coal pillars, field instrumentation, failures, surface subsidence, shield supports and coal bumps.
Lichen sclerosus: epidemiological distribution in an equal access health care system.

Purpose: The incidence and demographics of lichen sclerosus range from 1/300 (0.3%) to 1/1,000 individuals (0.1%). We analyzed the incidence of lichen sclerosus in an equal access health care system, hypothesizing that it is more common in older white males.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the Department of Defense electronic medical record, Armed Forces Health Longitudinal Technology Application, to determine the number of unique male patients diagnosed with lichen sclerosus between 2003 and 2009. After removing duplicate visits we determined patient age and race, and the regional distribution and overall incidence of lichen sclerosus.Results: Of the 42,648,923 unique male patients in the electronic medical record in this period 604 were diagnosed with lichen sclerosus (0.0014% or 1.4/100,000 visits). Age distribution was similar in the first 3 decades of life but more than doubled in the fourth through sixth decades with the highest prevalence at ages 61 or older (4.4/100,000 patients diagnosed per 10...
Herpes Simplex: Insights on Pathogenesis and Possible Vaccines

Abstract Herpes simplex viruses are evolutionarily ancient and ubiquitous. In the past 20 years, there has been increasing recognition of a worldwide pandemic of HSV-2 infection. Moreover, HSV-2 prevalence has increased despite fairly widespread use of antiviral drugs for HSV. The success of HSV-1 and HSV-2 stems from latency within long-lived neurons and frequent mucocutaneous shedding. The generally mild medical consequences of HSV infection reflect a functional equilibrium between host and microbe in most immunocompetent persons. However, significant gaps in our knowledge of the correlates of disease severity and HSV immune evasion are limiting rational advances in these areas. Human genetic studies are gradually outlining important innate responses, while recent imaging and biopsy studies have begun to show that the temporal and spatial anatomic interplay between virus reactivation and host immune response may be important in reactivations and disease expression.
Spatially resolved in situ measurements of transient species breakthrough during cyclic, low-temperature regeneration of a monolithic Pt/K/Al2O3 NOx storage-reduction catalyst

Abstract We employed a new experimental technique known as spatially resolved capillary-inlet mass spectrometry (SpaciMS) to observe the evolution of multiple species inside the channels of a monolithic NO x storage-reduction (NSR) catalyst. The NSR material consisted of a Pt/K/Al 2 O 3 washcoat deposited inside cordierite monolith channels. Spatially and temporally resolved measurements were made over the monolith length in a bench flow reactor during fast cycling between synthetic lean and rich environments at 200 and 300 °C. Regeneration was found to be very efficient at 300 °C regardless of whether pure H 2 , pure CO, or mixtures of H 2 and CO were employed. At 200 °C, CO was noticeably less effective than H 2 . We conjecture that at 200 °C CO may be inhibiting the regeneration process through its strong adsorption on Pt. Generation of H 2 by water-gas shift was seen at 300 °C but not at 200 °C.
Embedded SLCCA for wavelet image coding

In 1997, we published a high performance scalable bit-rate-oriented wavelet image codec, significance linked connected component analysis (SLCCA). In term of coding efficiency, SLCCA outperforms EZW, SPHIT and JPEG2000, which are each an embedded image codec. SLCCA is optimized for any given bit rate. Although scalable, its coded bit stream is not fully embedded. In the paper, we provide an embedded SLCCA, which improves our previous work on embedded SLCCA. Like, we define a base layer and an enhancement layer for an image. The base layer encoded by SLCCA provides an acceptable image quality while achieving high coding efficiency and scalability. The enhancement layer provides more elaborate bit-rate adaptive granular picture quality enhancement for embedded image coding. The peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) of the new embedded SLCCA (called ESLCCA) consistently outperforms JPEG2000 that can be as high as 0.5 dB.
Engagement and Substance Dependence in a Primary Care-Based Addiction Treatment Program for People Infected with HIV and People at High-Risk for HIV Infection.

Abstract To improve outcomes for people with substance dependence and HIV infection or at risk for HIV infection, patients were enrolled in a primary care-based addiction treatment program from 2008–2012 that included a comprehensive substance use assessment, individual and group counseling, addiction pharmacotherapy and case management. We examined whether predisposing characteristics (depression, housing status, polysubstance use) and an enabling resource (buprenorphine treatment) were associated with engagement in the program and persistent substance dependence at 6 months. At program enrollment 61% were HIV-infected, 53% reported heroin use, 46% reported alcohol use, 37% reported cocaine use, and 28% reported marijuana use in the past 30 days, 72% reported depression, 19% were homeless, and 53% had polysubstance use. Within 6-months 60% had been treated with buprenorphine. Engagement (defined as 2 visits in first 14 days and 2 additional visits in next 30 days) occurred in 64%; 49% had substance dependence at 6-months. Receipt of buprenorphine treatment was associated with engagement (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 8.32 95% CI: 4.13–16.77). Self-reported depression at baseline was associated with substance dependence at 6-months (AOR 3.30 95% CI: 1.65–6.61). Neither housing status nor polysubstance use was associated with engagement or substance dependence. The FAST PATH program successfully engaged and treated patients in a primary care-based addiction treatment program. Buprenorphine, a partial opioid agonist, was a major driver of addiction treatment engagement. Given depression's association with adverse outcomes in this clinical population, including mental health treatment as part of integrated care holds potential to improve addiction treatment outcomes.
Water Modelling on the Effect of Trapezoidal Nozzle on Vortex during Teeming in Ladle

Based on approximation principle, water model experiment was carried out during teeming in a 60t steel ladle. Based on the previous research work, trapezoidal nozzlein with lager upper cross section was used to decrease the critical level of vortex in order to reduce the slag entrapment to the tundish. Different shape and height of upper part of the nozzle was investigated mainly to inhibit the vortex at the late stage of ladle teeming. When upper shape of trapezoidal nozzle is square, upper height is 20mm and 17mm, and eccentricity of nozzle is 3/4, critical height of vortex is about 34mm and 31mm. In this case, slag entrapment is controlled effectively and metal utilization is optimized more completely.
Chirale Sulfoxidliganden für die asymmetrische Katalyse

Stickstoff-, Sauerstoff- und Phosphorliganden mit chiralen Grundgerusten sind die historischen Arbeitspferde fur asymmetrische ubergangsmetallkatalysierte Reaktionen. Dagegen wurden am Schwefelatom chirale Sulfoxide uberwiegend als chirale Auxiliare fur diastereoselektive Reaktionen verwendet. Obwohl diese Verbindungen gegenuber den ublichen Ligandengerusten mehrere deutliche Vorteile bieten, z. B. die Nahe der chiralen Information zum Metallzentrum und die Fahigkeit, zwischen S- und O-Koordinierung zu wechseln, entwickelten sie sich erst in jungster Zeit zu einer vielseitigen Klasse chiraler Liganden. In diesem Aufsatz wird die Geschichte der Entwicklung chiraler Sulfoxidliganden fur die asymmetrische Katalyse eingehend besprochen. Daruber hinaus geben wir kurze Beschreibungen der Metall-Sulfoxid-Bindung und der Synthesestrategien fur enantiomerenreine Sulfoxide. Abschliesend werden Einblicke in die kunftige Entwicklung dieser nur wenig genutzten Ligandenklasse gegeben.
ASP, The Art and Science of Practice: A Comparison of Technical and Soft Skill Requirements for Analytics and OR Professionals

Analytics is having an increasing impact on decision making and performance within many organizations. To effectively compete in the analytics movement, operations research OR professionals need to understand the differences and similarities between analytics and OR. In this paper, we explore these differences and commonalities in terms of quantitative and soft skills. We support this discussion with the results of a survey of INFORMS members and readers of Analytics magazine. We find that the top five quantitative skills required for analytics are quite different from those required for OR professionals. However, the same set of soft skills is ranked within the top five for both fields. To better participate in the analytics revolution, OR professionals need to place added emphasis on data management and analysis skills, and strengthen their business-oriented skills in process and change management. Implications for OR professionals, academic institutions, and INFORMS are offered.