cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic immunohistochemistry of epithelial neoplasms: Practical aspects of technique and interpretation

The immunohistochemistry of routine formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded malignant neoplasms is a useful adjunct to morphologic diagnosis. This paper describes the rationale for and the technique of the immunohistochemical profiles that are routinely used for malignant epithelial neoplasms at the Green Hospital. Emphasis is placed on the organ of origin of metastatic neoplasms and on the type of differentiation present (e.g., glandular, squamous, neuroendocrine). Clinical relevance is discussed when appropriate (e.g., breast, lung, and urothelial carcinomas).
Calculation and uncertainty analysis of 210Pb dates for PIRLA project lake sediment cores

Lead-210 assay and dating are subject to several sources of error, including natural variation, the statistical nature of measuring radioactivity, and estimation of the supported fraction. These measurable errors are considered in calculating confidence intervals for 210Pb dates. Several sources of error, including the effect of blunders or misapplication of the mathematical model, are not included in the quantitative analysis. First-order error analysis and Monte Carlo simulation (of cores from Florida PIRLA lakes) are used as independent estimates of dating uncertainty. CRS-model dates average less than 1% older than Monte Carlo median dates, but the difference increases non-linearly with age to a maximum of 11% at 160 years. First-order errors increase exponentially with calculated CRS-model dates, with the largest 95% confidence interval in the bottommost datable section being 155±90 years, and the smallest being 128±8 years. Monte Carlo intervals also increase exponentially with age, but the largest 95% occurrence interval is 152±44 years. Confidence intervals calculated by first-order methods and ranges of Monte Carlo dates agree fairly well until the 210Pb date is about 130 years old. Older dates are unreliable because of this divergence. Ninety-five per cent confidence intervals range from about 1–2 years at 10 years of age, 10–20 at 100 years, and 8–90 at 150 years old.
The effects of acrylamide given acutely or in repeated doses on fore- and hindlimb function of rats.

Abstract Male, albino rats of the Fischer strain were given 50 to 250 mg/kg acrylamide orally. The LD50 (and 95% confidence intervals) was estimated to be 251 mg/kg (203–300) at 24 hr postdosing and 175 mg/kg (159–191) at 168 hr postdosing. Rats given 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg acrylamide orally were tested for muscular dysfunction at 12 and 168 hr post-dosing. At 12 hr after dosing, acrylamide produced marked deficits in hindlimb motor functioning, as measured by the hindlimb extensor test and performance on the inclined screen. Recovery of hindlimb function was complete at 168 hr after dosing. Forelimb grip strength was not affected at either test period. In a 4-week repeated dosing experiment, rats given 10 or 20 mg/kg/day, 5 days per week, showed hindlimb dysfunction at a cumulative dose of 50 to 100 mg/kg while rats receiving up to 400 mg/kg over a period of 4 weeks showed no signs of diminished forelimb grip strength. Recovery of hindlimb motor function was evident, but not complete, 2 weeks after cessation of dosing. The tests of motor function used in this study were sensitive to and capable of detecting specific motor deficits in rats treated with relatively low doses of acrylamide. The rapidity and ease with which the tests can be used in experiments involving repeated measures suggest their use in assessing other chemicals for potential neurotoxicity.
Role of the 5-HT1A receptor in development of the neonatal rat brain: preliminary behavioral studies.

Abstract Serotonin exerts an influence on the prenatal development of rat brain. However, later developmental times may be more applicable to the understanding of the role of serotonin in human developmental disorders. Therefore, the current study was undertaken to gain preliminary information on the postnatal effects of serotonin on rat brain development. As the 5-HT 1A receptor has been shown to be involved in much of the developmental functions of serotonin, an agonist for this receptor, 8-hydroxy-DPAT (8-OH-DPAT), was used. Neonatal rat pups at three ages (postnatal days, PNDs) 3–10, 10–17 or 17–24) were injected daily with 1 mg/kg 8-OH-DPAT and evaluated for behavioral consequences. The youngest group showed accelerated incisor eruption and eye-opening, a possible consequence of 5-HT 1A receptor interactions with epidermal growth factor (EGF). Behaviorally, the animals were more anxious. Animals treated from PND 10–17, showed no change in craniofacial development but showed greater behavioral maturity in measures of spontaneous alternation and activity in the open field. The oldest animals (PND 17–24) showed no behavioral alterations, suggesting that this time length is beyond the critical period of serotonin's influence in brain development. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
The Effects of Ion Implantation on Friction and Wear of Metals.

Abstract : The effect of ion implantation on the friction and wear behavior of metals was investigated. Experiments were conducted with iron, titanium, and copper implanted with nitrogen ions, iron implanted with aluminum ions, and copper implanted with zinc ions. The significant reduction in friction and wear of the iron and titanium systems is attributed to a hard layer formed during the ion implantation process. This hard layer minimizes plowing and subsurface deformation and hence reduces the delamination wear process, i.e. crack nucleation, crack propagation, and the formation of delamination wear sheets. A finite element model of an elastic semi-infinite solid under the contact of a stationary rigid asperity showed that the hard layer does not change the subsurface stress distribution by supporting the load, but rather that this thin layer decreases the plowing component of friction. The model predicts that this decrease in the friction coefficient in turn, substantially reduces subsurface deformation and thus wear. The implanted copper specimens which did not appear to have a hard surface layer showed little improvement in their tribological behavior over the unimplanted copper.
Positional control over nanoparticle deposition into nanoholes

Controlled deposition of metal nanoparticles (NPs) into lithographic patterned nanoholes has been a major challenge. Electrostatic attraction was employed in directing gold NPs of precise size into e-beam lithographically patterned holes. Citrate stabilized gold NPs with a net negative surface charge were deposited on a positively charged well-bottom surface generated by adsorption of long-chain amino-terminated organosilane N-(2-aminoethyl)-11-aminoundecyltrimethoxy- silane (AATMS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicate that deposition of NPs into patterned holes is a function of deposition time and NPs concentration. Other factors affecting NP fill fraction are thickness of silane and resist layer and spacing between the nanoholes.
Strain-specific enhancement of splenic T cell mitogenesis and macrophage phagocytosis following peripheral axotomy.

Abstract The inbred mouse strains C57BL/6 and DBA/2 were subjected to the selective depletion of peripheral nervous system norepinephrine (NE) by the administration of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA). Measurement of mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation following peripheral axotomy with 6-OH-DA revealed that significant enhancement (up to 200% of control values) of T, but not B, cell proliferative responses occurred in DBA/2, while no effect was observed in C57BL/6. Enhancement (up to 196% of control values) of luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence resulting from the phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan was also observed following 6-OH-DA treatment in DBA/2, but not C57BL/6. This strain-specific enhancement of immune responses occurred even though the administration of 6-OH-DA resulted in a similar depletion of splenic NE content (> 97% reduction of control values) in both strains as determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection. Blockage of the neurotoxic effects of 6-OH-DA was achieved by the use of the catecholamine uptake blocker desipramine-HCl. Administration of desipramine prior to 6-OH-DA blocked the reduction of splenic NE content and abrogated the enhancement of mitogen-induced T cell proliferation. The enhancement of phagocytosis by 6-OH-DA was not, however, altered by the prior administration of desipramine.
A Method for Studying the External Anatomy of Copepods

We have found lactic acid to be the best clearing agent for the preparation of temporary mounts of whole or dissected copepods. Fresh, alcoholic, or formalin fixed specimens become cleared within a few minutes to some hours, depending upon their size and the duration of preservation. When first placed in the un diluted acid, the copepods may become somewhat contracted, but soon regain, and thereafter retain, their normal size and shape. In order to avoid rupture, obese forms or specimens with a thin cuticle are best transferred through mixtures of the medium in which they have been kept and lactic acid. Since the latter is dense, layering the fluids in a small dish is usually satisfactory: the original medium will evaporate slowly, leaving the speci mens in the acid. Fluids with appreciable concentrations of dissolved salts, however, should be avoided, preferably by transferring the specimens first either to alcohol or to fresh-water.
Midterm results of endovascular stented grafts for the treatment of isolated iliac artery aneurysms.

Abstract Purpose: Isolated aneurysms of the iliac arteries are uncommon lesions that require surgical repair to prevent rupture. Methods: During a 4-year period, we used endovascular stented grafts (EGs) to treat 28 iliac artery aneurysms that were not associated with aortic aneurysms. Twenty-five patients, with a total of 24 common iliac (15 right, nine left) and four internal iliac (two right, two left) artery aneurysms, underwent endovascular grafting. There were 24 men and 1 woman, with a mean age of 74 years (range, 51 to 88 years). Combined common and internal iliac artery aneurysms were present in three patients. Nineteen patients who underwent treatment with EGs were administered epidural anesthesia (22 epidural, two local, one general). Before surgery, one patient had lower extremity embolization and ischemia from the aneurysm, three had abdominal or back pain, and the remaining were asymptomatic. The EGs were constructed of polytetrafluoroethylene grafts and balloon expandable stents. Results: Four procedure-related complications (12%) occurred (distal extremity embolization, n=1; wound complications, n=2; colonic mucosal ischemia, n=1). Only a minimal reduction in the aneurysmal diameter was seen in 90% of the iliac artery aneurysms treated. The remaining lesions showed no change in size, and no aneurysm had an increase in cross-sectional diameter on computed tomographic images enduring a follow-up period up to 4 years (mean, 24 months). One aneurysm ruptured after successful endovascular exclusion, and the patient underwent treatment with open repair. The 3-year primary patency rate of iliac EGs was 86%. Conclusion: EGs appear to show satisfactory safety and efficacy for the repair of isolated aneurysms of the iliac arteries. (J Vasc Surg 1999;30:915-21.)
Social and emotional information processing in preschoolers: indicator of early school success?

To better connect emotional development and social cognition literatures, in this study, the intersection of preschoolers’ emotion and behaviour response choices to hypothetical peer conflicts was examined among 305 4½-year-olds in private childcare and Head Start. Latent class analyses identified five subgroups of children with connections between their emotion and behaviour response choices (happy/passive, sad/socially competent, angry/passive, angry/aggressive, and sad/passive). Subgroup membership differed across genders and economic risk statuses and was also a predictor of early school success (i.e. social competence, classroom adjustment, and academic readiness). Overall, even after accounting for the associations between known predictors of young children's behaviour and school success (i.e. gender and socioeconomic status), membership in the subgroups in preschool was uniquely predictive of both concurrent and later social competencies, classroom adjustment, and academic readiness. Furthermore, p...
Vascular endothelial growth factor and enhanced angiogenesis do not promote metastatic conversion of a newly established azoxymethane-induced colon cancer cell line.

The organo-specific carcinogen, azoxymethane (AOM), produces colon tumors in mice that share many pathological features with sporadic human colorectal cancer (CRC). An important distinction between AOM-induced CRC and human CRC is lack of mucosal invasion in the murine model. To assess the role of the microenvironment in preventing the invasive phenotype, multiple benign in situ adenocarcinomas were harvested from AOM-treated mice and cultured in vitro. However, tumor cell growth was extremely limiting under standard culturing conditions. Thus, we injected tumor cells directly into nude mice and performed two serial transplants, and successfully explanted a rapidly growing epithelial tumor cell line (AJ02nm0). When injected subcutaneously (sc) into nude mice, AJ02nm0 cells formed well-differentiated adenocarcinomas with minimal tumor invasive capacity. To define whether metastatic and invasive potential were related to lack of angiogenic stimuli, the AJ02nm0 cells were transfected to overexpress murine vascular endothelial growth factor-164 (VEGF164). AJ02nm-VEGF cells produced rapidly growing tumors in nude mice that exhibited extensive pseudo-epithelial ductal architecture and supporting vasculature, but without increased invasive potential compared to controls. The established murine colon epithelial cell line provides a useful experimental model to further elaborate genetic and epigenetic factors that may promote or inhibit colon tumorigenesis and metastasis. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
INTRAOPERATIVE RADIOTHERAPY OF CANINE BLADDER CANCER

Thirteen dogs had partial surgical extirpation followed by whole bladder intraoperative radiotherapy for urinary bladder cancer. Eleven of the neoplasms were transitional cell carcinomas (five Stage T1, six stage T2); one was rhabdomyosarcoma (Stage T2), and one was leiomyosarcoma (Stage T2). Histopathologic evaluation showed that neoplasia extended to the margins of the excised tissue in at least 11 of the 13 dogs. Radiotherapy from a 137Cs teletherapy machine was applied to the surgically exteriorized bladder, with doses at the 90% isodose level varying from 2188 to 2888 cGy (10 of 13 dogs receiving 2670–2700 cGy). Sixty-one percent of the dogs were alive at 1 year, 30% at 18 months, and 15% at 2 years. From the time of initial clinical signs of bladder neoplasia, 69% of the irradiated dogs were alive at 1 year, 46% at 18 months, and 23% at 2 years (one dog is still living, at 70 months). Of the owner-reported or clinically determined posttherapy complications, there was increased frequency of urination in 46% of the dogs, urinary incontinence in 46%, cystitis in 38%, and stranguria in 15%. Either persistence or recurrence of neoplasia was found in six (46%) of the dogs and metastasis in four (30%), with two of these having both recurrence and metastasis. Qualitative assessment of the complications was not done, but owner-perceived severity of the complications, metastasis, or diagnosed persistence or recurrence of the neoplasm were the major reasons for ultimately killing most of the dogs.
Exploitation of a new route to fused pyrroles: Synthesis of TNP-351, homo-MTA and 5-arylpyrrolo[2,3-]pyrimidines

Abstract We have developed a new methodology for the construction of pyrrolo[2,3- d ]pyrimidines that involves Michael addition of 2,6-diamino-4(3 H )-pyrimidinone or 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidines to nitroolefins, followed by a Nef reaction of the resulting adduct to form an intermediate aldehyde that spontaneously cyclizes to the fused pyrrole ring. This methodology has been exploited in a new synthesis of TNP-351, and for the first reported preparation of homo-MTA and of a series of 5-arylpyrrolo[2,3- d ]pyrimidines.
Factors that impact turnaround time of surgical pathology specimens in an academic institution

Turnaround time of laboratory results is important for customer satisfaction. The College of American Pathologists' checklist requires an analytic turnaround time of 2 days or less for most routine cases and lets every hospital define what a routine specimen is. The objective of this study was to analyze which factors impact turnaround time of nonbiopsy surgical pathology specimens. We calculated the turnaround time from receipt to verification of results (adjusted for weekends and holidays) for all nonbiopsy surgical specimens during a 2-week period. Factors studied included tissue type, number of slides per case, decalcification, immunohistochemistry, consultations with other pathologists, and diagnosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. A total of 713 specimens were analyzed, 551 (77%) were verified within 2 days and 162 (23%) in 3 days or more. Lung, gastrointestinal, breast, and genitourinary specimens showed the highest percentage of cases being signed out in over 3 days. Diagnosis of malignancy (including staging of the neoplasia), consultation with other pathologists, having had a frozen section, and use of immunohistochemical stains were significantly associated with increased turnaround time in univariate analysis. Decalcification was not associated with increased turnaround time. In multivariate analysis, consultation with other pathologists, use of immunohistochemistry, diagnosis of malignancy, and the number of slides studied continued to be significantly associated with prolonged turnaround time. Our findings suggest that diagnosis of malignancy is central to significantly prolonging the turnaround time for surgical pathology specimens, thus institutions that serve cancer centers will have longer turnaround time than those that do not.
Suggestion for the Improvement of Camera-Ready Copy (CRC) Papers Submitted to Applied Spectroscopy

A suggestion for the improvement of the appearance of camera-ready copy is presented. The consistent use of higher-quality printers for the final printout of CRC articles submitted to Applied Spectroscopy is recommended.
Gradient discontinuities in calculations involving molecular surface area

The free energy of solvation of a polypeptide or a protein can be expressed in terms of the accessible surface area of the molecule. Algorithms for energy minimization or for molecular dynamics, which involve the first derivatives of the energy, including the free energy of solvation, are commonly used in the conformational analysis of proteins. Discontinuities of the first derivatives, which occur in the accessible surface area and, hence, in the solvation energy, can cause serious numerical problems. In this paper, we describe all the situations in which the gradient of the molecular surface area becomes discontinuous.
Surfactant displacement by meconium free fatty acids: an alternative explanation for atelectasis in meconium aspiration syndrome.

Meconium, an ether extract of meconium, and the major free fatty acids of meconium (paimitic, stearic, and oleic acids) were all found to increase the surface tension minimum of dog lung extract in a Wilhelmy balance. Each of these fractions was instilled into the lungs of dogs (15 experimental, egith saline solution controls), and cardiac output, venous and arterial blood gases, pulmonary, atrial, and systemic pressures, airway pressure, and static lung compliance were serially monitored for 2 hours. Mean airway pressure increased and static lung compliance decreased significantly in all of the experimental groups. Although arterial pH and Pa co 2 and the various hemodynamic measurements did not change during the experiment, Pa o 2 decreased significantly and did not return to baseline in all experimental groups. Extracts from atelectatic portions of experimental dog lung had a surface tension minimum of >20 dynes/cm, whereas airway foam had a surface tension minimum of
Countercurrent Gas−Pseudoplastic Liquid Two-Phase Flow

Countercurrent flow limitation (flooding), two-phase flow patterns, and void fraction in countercurrent flow of gas−pseudoplastic liquids in a vertical and an inclined channel (with a 68° inclinati...
Lower incidence of tardive dyskinesia with risperidone compared with haloperidol in older patients

OBJECTIVE: To compare the 9-month cumulative incidence of tardive dyskinesia (TD) with risperidone to that with haloperidol in older patients. DESIGN: A prospective longitudinal study. SETTING: An outpatient psychiatric clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Subjects were middle-aged and older (mean age 66 years) patients with schizophrenia, dementia, mood disorders, or other conditions with psychotic symptoms or severe behavioral disturbances. Sixty-one patients on risperidone were matched with 61 patients from a larger sample of haloperidol-treated patients in regard to age, diagnosis, and length of preenrollment neuroleptic intake to create clinically comparable groups. The median daily dose of each medication was 1.0 mg. MEASUREMENTS: Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale, modified Simpson-Angus' scale for extrapyramidal symptoms, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and Mini-Mental State Examination were administered at baseline, 1 month, and 3, 6, and 9 months. The diagnosis of TD was based on specific research criteria. The raters were blind to the patient's medication status. RESULTS: Life table analysis revealed that patients treated with haloperidol were significantly more likely to develop TD than patients treated with risperidone (P < .05, Peto-Prentice). CONCLUSIONS: The atypical antipsychotic risperidone is significantly less likely to result in TD than the conventional neuroleptic haloperidol in a high-risk group of older patients, at least over a 9-month period. J Am Geriatr Soc 47:716–719, 1999.
Sparsity promoting dimensionality reduction for classification of high dimensional hyperspectral images

Sparse representation is an active research area in the signal processing and machine learning community in recent years. Recently, sparse representation classifier was proposed for challenging classification tasks - it entails representing a testing sample as a linear combination of all training samples which form an over-complete dictionary. In this paper, we demonstrate that for challenging high-dimensional classification tasks, appropriate dimensionality reduction is beneficial for sparse representation classifiers and it's variants - especially when some features are redundant and/or lack discriminatory power. We propose a new dimensionality reduction algorithm to optimize the performance of greedy pursuit algorithms (required in sparse representation classifiers) by projecting the data into a space where the ratio of intra-class to inter class inner products are maximized. We demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method with standard hyperspectral imagery datasets - both in terms of improved classification accuracy and a speed-up in the run-time.
The geographic mobility of academic talent: Some evidence from sociology

The structure of geographic mobility from doctorate training to present employment is explored among sociologists. Disparate patterns of geographic movement are exhibited across regional cohorts of graduates. The geographic mobility system is also explored after controls are applied for extent of professional involvement and chronological age at receipt of the doctorate degree. A moderately strong correspondence between the academic quality of the Ph.D. region and that of the present job region is reported.
The utility of left hepatic lobe examination during eus staging of cancer of the esophagus and cardia

The utility of left hepatic lobe examination during eus staging of cancer of the esophagus and cardia
“Safe on Your Plate”: Keeping Home-Delivered Meals Safe

Chris Olinsky, B. S., M.Ed., Extension Agent, Family and Consumer Sciences, Ohio State University Extension, Montgomery County, 1001 S. Main Street, Dayton, O H 45409 with significant health problems. According to the Administration on Aging, home-delivered meal participants have twice as many physical impairments as the overall elderly populat i ~ n . ~ Because the health of the averane 0
Atomic Physics and Related Subjects.: Communications to Nature.: Raman Effect for Solutions of Sulphur Dioxide.

Atomic Physics and Related Subjects.: Communications to Nature .: Raman Effect for Solutions of Sulphur Dioxide
Effects of repeated multi-source feedback on the influence behavior and effectiveness of managers: A field experiment

Abstract Despite the widespread use of multi-source behavioral feedback as a method of leadership development, little research has been conducted to identify facilitating conditions that can make the feedback more effective. This article reports results from a longitudinal field experiment on the effects of providing feedback about influence behavior to middle managers in the corporate office of a supermarket chain. Managers who only attended a single feedback workshop were compared to managers who attended a second feedback workshop several months after the initial one. A significant increase in the use of “core” influence tactics with subordinates and peers was found only for the managers who received repeated feedback, and they were also rated higher in overall effectiveness by their bosses. Practical implications for leadership development and suggestions for future research are discussed.
A saccadic suppression explanation of the Pulfrich phenomenon

A latency explanation of the Pulfrich phenomenon of binocular vision provides for the seen path with an oscillating pendulum to be symmetrical and at right angles to the line of sight. Since the experience of asymmetries in the seen path of a pendulum, when viewed with one eye filtered, is more than the exception, an explanation which has the potential to provide for both symmetry and asymmetry is to be preferred. A saccadic suppression explanation offers this possibility. A saccadic suppression explanation would provide that vision would be suppressed in the filtered eye first followed by suppression in the unfiltered eye. Both eyes would recover vision simultaneously. The predicted resultant disparate stimulation is consistent in direction with that necessary to the Pulfrich phenomenon. The details of the required stimulation have been checked using simple and compound episcotisters. The results with the episcotisters are consistent with the Pulfrich phenomenon.
Coherent gradient sensing microscopy (micro-CGS): A microscale curvature detection technique

Abstract Micro-CGS, a full-field, real-time, micro-interferometric technique for quantitative imaging is introduced. Micro-CGS extends the capabilities of the large-scale shearing interferometric technique of Coherent Gradient Sensing (CGS) in the micro-scale. The experimental setup is detailed and resulting interferograms are shown. A digital image processing program is created to compute specimen curvature from recorded fringe patterns. The experimental method is validated by the successful measurement of the curvature of 30 μm glass microspheres.
Proteomic analysis of zygote and ookinete stages of the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium gallinaceum delineates the homologous proteomes of the lethal human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

Delineation of the complement of proteins comprising the zygote and ookinete, the early developmental stages of Plasmodium within the mosquito midgut, is fundamental to understand initial molecular parasite-vector interactions. The published proteome of Plasmodium falciparum does not include analysis of the zygote/ookinete stages, nor does that of P. berghei include the zygote stage or secreted proteins. P. gallinaceum zygote, ookinete, and ookinete-secreted/released protein samples were prepared and subjected to Multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT). Peptides of P. gallinaceum zygote, ookinete, and ookinete-secreted proteins were identified by MS/MS, mapped to ORFs (>50 amino acids) in the extent P. gallinaceum whole genome sequence, and then matched to homologous ORFs in P. falciparum. A total of 966 P. falciparum ORFs encoding orthologous proteins were identified; just over 40% of these predicted proteins were found to be hypothetical. A majority of putative proteins with predicted secretory signal peptides or transmembrane domains were hypothetical proteins. This analysis provides a more comprehensive view of the hitherto unknown proteome of the early mosquito midgut stages of P. falciparum. The results underpin more robust study of Plasmodium-mosquito midgut interactions, fundamental to the development of novel strategies of blocking malaria transmission.
How do Fans and Oddsmakers Differ in their Judgments of Football Teams

Mathematical models have been shown to be no more successful in predicting the outcomes of professional football games than professional oddsmakers. Study I demonstrated that the strategy used by the oddsmakers can be approximated by a simple linear model which subtracts average points allowed on defense from average points scored on offense and adjusts for quality of opponent. In Study 2, football fans were asked to judge the quality of nine football teams on the basis of their average offense and their average defense. The nine teams were selected to vary systematically on these dimensions and to complete the cells of a 3 x 3 factorial design. Only half of the subjects were also told from which professional teams the data were obtained. When fans do not know the names of the teams, they tend to use the information similarly to oddsmakers. However, when team identities are also given, fans tend to use the information differently—making it less likely they will be successful in predicting outcomes.
Yield Methodology for Mixed Signal Process Development

Develop for yield is a key component in our technology development methodology in the mixed signal technology development (MSTD) organization of Texas Instruments. Relying on a comprehensive set of integrated yield monitors (IYMs) and DDSRAM, we begin our yield learning as early as process definition phase. The yield activity evolves together with component development, process integration and design rule formation. Yield issues are identified through systematic data reduction of test results and FA. On average, 4 to 6 major yield issues are found on each new technology prior to ramp. The methodology has typically resulted in a 6-12 month acceleration in yield learning.
Estrés y trastornos de la conducta alimentaria

Antecedentes: Entre los factores desencadenantes y perpetuantes de los trastornos alimentarios (TCA) se encuentran el estres y la adversidad psicosocial. Objetivo: Comparar la exposicion a situaciones vitales estresantes, caracteristicas psicologicas y conductuales en mujeres con y sin TCA y correlacionar estres y sintomatologia alimentaria con las distintas variables. Metodo: La Escala de Autoevaluacion del Estres (SRRS), el Test de Actitudes Alimentarias (EAT-40), el Inventario de Desordenes Alimentarios (EDI) y el Cuestionario de la Silueta Corporal (BSQ) fueron aplicados a 50 pacientes alimentarias y a 50 universitarias sin estas patologias. Resultados: Las pacientes presentaron mayores niveles de estres acumulado durante el ano previo al diagnostico, principalmente conflictos familiares y cambios de habitos. La SRRS (p = 1). Se confirmo la capacidad predictiva del EAT-40 para TCA (p = 0,046). El BSQ presento los mayores puntajes en pacientes bulimicas (148,72 (± 32,75); p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Se enfatiza la importancia de eventos vitales estresantes en los TCA, especialmente la dinamica familiar para la focalizacion de medidas preventivas primarias.
Uroporphyrin accumulation associated with cytochrome P4501A induction in fish hepatoma cells exposed to aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists, including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and planar chlorobiphenyls

Abstract Hepatic uroporphyria is a well-known effect of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons in mammalian and avian systems, including primary cell cultures, but attempts to produce uroporphyria in vertebrate (mammalian) hepatoma lines have been unsuccessful. In this study, the ability of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), and selected chlorobiphenyl congeners to cause uroporphyria was examined in a fish hepatoma cell line (PLHC-1) that expresses aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptors and an inducible cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A). Dose-dependent accumulation of porphyrins was observed in cells treated for 48 h with TCDD or 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (3,3′,4,4′-TCB; IUPAC 77) when the heme precursor δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was present during the last 5 h of treatment. HPLC analysis identified the porphyrins as uroporphyrin (∼80%) and heptacarboxylporphyrin (∼20%). Uroporphyria did not occur in cells treated with TCDD or 3,3′,4,4′-TCB in the absence of added ALA. ALA-dependent porphyrin accumulation was also seen following treatment of PLHC-1 cells with TCDF or with the non-ortho-substituted chlorobiphenyls 3,4,4′,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC 81) and 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC 126). Neither of the mono-ortho- substituted chlorobiphenyls 2,3,3′,4,4′-pentachlorobi- phenyl (IUPAC 105) or 2,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC 118) increased the porphyrin content of PLHC-1 cells. The ability of the PCB congeners to cause porphyria correlated with their ability to induce the CYP1A catalytic activity ethoxyresorufinO-deethylase (EROD) and immunodetectable CYP1A protein in these cells, suggesting direct or indirect regulation of porphyrin accumulation via the Ah receptor and/or the induced CYP1A. Induction of EROD activity by TCDD, TCDF, and the planar polychlorinated biphenyls was biphasic, with increases at lower concentrations of inducer followed by decreased induction at higher concentrations, as seen previously. EC50values for porphyrin accumulation were similar to, or slightly higher than, the concentrations at which peak EROD activities were obtained, suggesting a relationship between the decline in EROD activity and enhanced porphyrin accumulation. α-Naphthoflavone inhibited TCDD-induced EROD activity and porphyrin accumulation, providing further evidence for the involvement of a fish CYP1A in the mechanism of this porphyria. Addition of 3,3′,4,4′-TCB to TCDD-treated cells also inhibited EROD activity, but enhanced porphyrin accumulation, suggesting that an interaction between the halogenated inducer and the induced CYP1A is necessary for the porphyrogenic response. PLHC-1 cells grown in medium supplemented with ALA may be a useful model system for studying mechanisms of chemical uroporphyria induced by Ah receptor agonists.
Retroactive Visual Masking: Effects of Test Flash Duration on the Masking Interval

Abstract The interval at which a dim test flash (TF) is masked by a succeeding bright flash (BF) was determined for two subjects at 6 levels of TF luminance (log mlam—1.8, 1.5, 1-1, 0.8, 0.5) and 5 levels of TF duration (log msec—1.3, 1.2, 1-0, 0.7, 0.5). BF luminance was 3.8 log mlam, and 1.0 log msec. The masking interval when measured from the onset of the Tf to the onset of the BF was found to be a power function of a weighted combination of TF luminance and duration. Luminance was somewhat more effective than duration in determining the masking interval. The implications of these results for the bright summation model are discussed.
Pacific Rim Russian Librarianship: Forgotten Collectors for the Hoover Institution on Manchuria

ABSTRACT Collecting efforts by the Hoover Institution among Russian emigres in China is a little-known story, told in this article through the biographies of Harold H. Fisher, Elena A. Varneck, Ivan I. Serebrennikov, and Robert V. Smith. The collection of documents, diaries, reports, books, and periodicals focuses on two broad topics: the Russian civil war in Siberia and the Far East, and the history of the Chinese Eastern Railway. The problems involved in collecting materials connected to events that recently occurred largely centered around money (especially the lack of it) and trying to decide whose materials were the most valuable.
Conformai radiation treatment: a critical appraisal

Abstract Significant technical advances have improved the precision of radiation treatment of human malignancies and permitted doseescalation studies. However, a number of challenges remain, particularly in the clinical and radiobiological aspects of radiotherapy. Even with these deficiencies, it is likely that improved overall treatment results will be forthcoming with 3DCRT. Nevertheless, the cost-effectiveness of this approach needs to be assessed, based on the magnitude of the improvement in the treatment of various disease sites.
Phaeohyphomycotic Cutaneous Disease Caused by Pleurophoma in a Cardiac Transplant Patient

A 56-y-old female cardiac transplant patient treated with cyclosporine and prednisone noted the onset of three nontender red nodules on the legs and arms after gardening. Biopsy of all lesions revealed inflammatory cells and hyphal elements in the dermis. The dematiaceous fungus cultured from biopsy tissue was a pycnidial-forming organism of the genus Pleurophoma. The lesions responded to the topical application of miconazole.
Quadrilateral and tetrahedral mesh stripification using 2-factor partitioning of the dual graph

In order to find a 2-factor of a graph, there exists a O(n1.5) deterministic algorithm [7] and a O(n3) randomized algorithm [14]. In this paper, we propose novel O(nlog3nloglogn) algorithms to find a 2-factor, if one exists, of a graph in which all n vertices have degree 4 or less. Such graphs are actually dual graphs of quadrilateral and tetrahedral meshes. A 2-factor of such graphs implicitly defines a linear ordering of the mesh primitives in the form of strips. Further, by introducing a few additional primitives, we reduce the number of tetrahedral strips to represent the entire tetrahedral mesh and represent the entire quad surface using a single quad strip.
Novel hemilabile (phosphinoalkyl)arene ligands: Mechanistic investigation of an unusual intramolecular, arene-arene exchange reaction

The novel, hemilabile (phosphinoalkyl)arene ligands ArX(CH2)2PPh2 (1a, Ar = C6H5, X = O; 1b, Ar = C6H5, X = CH2; 1c, Ar = FC6H4, X = CH2) were synthesized and complexed to Rh(I) to form the bis(phosphine), η6-arene piano stool complexes [(η6:η1-ArX(CH2)2PPh2)Rh(η1-ArX(CH2)2PPh2)]BF4 (2a−c). Complexes 2a−c were fully characterized in solution, and complex 2a was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Two of these complexes, 2a,c, undergo an unusual, degenerate η6-arene, free arene exchange reaction which was studied by 2-D NMR EXSY experiments. A mechanism for the exchange reaction of 2a which involves the formation of a square planar, cis-phosphine, cis-ether Rh(I) complex, [Rh(η2-PhO(CH2)2PPh2)2]BF4 (13), is proposed.
REVERSE ENGINEERING OF THE NK BOOLEAN NETWORK AND ITS EXTENSION — FUZZY LOGIC NETWORK

In this paper, we first propose a reverse engineering solution to decode the NK Boolean dynamic network given the input and output of the system. This theory utilizes basis functions and dynamic matrices, through which the network's evolutionary behavior can be simulated in a rigorous mathematical manner. Then, a general network model, fuzzy logic network (FLN), is presented as the extension of the Boolean network. This novel network model assigns variable values in a continuous domain, and it can accommodate internal conflicts among variables. In addition, the FLN uses fuzzy logical functions instead of Boolean logical functions, which enables it to model highly non-linear relationships and periodicity. Using the approach of annealed approximations, we proved important theorems concerning the dynamic property of the FLN. Combined with the Zipf's law, the criteria of applying FLN to the modeling of gene regulatory networks were achieved.
The effect of a bioactive collagen membrane releasing PDGF or GDF-5 on bone regeneration.

Regenerative procedures using barrier membrane technology are presently well established in periodontal/endodontic surgery. The objective of this study was to compare the subsequent effects of the released platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and growth/differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5) from collagen membranes (CMs) on bone regeneration in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies were conducted using MC3T3-E1 mouse preosteoblasts cultured with or without factors. Cell viability, cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and bone marker gene expression were then measured. In vivo studies were conducted by placing CMs with low or high dose PDGF or GDF-5 in rat mandibular defects. At 4 weeks after surgery new bone formation was measured using μCT and histological analysis. The results of in vitro studies showed that CM/GDF-5 significantly increased ALP and cell proliferation activities without cytotoxicity in MC3T3-E1 cells when compared to CM/PDGF or CM alone. Gene expression analysis revealed that Runx2 and Osteocalcin were significantly increased in CM/GDF-5 compared to CM/PDGF or control. Quantitative and qualitative μCT and histological analysis for new bone formation revealed that although CM/PDGF significantly enhanced bone regeneration compared to CM alone or control, CM/GDF-5 significantly accelerated bone regeneration to an even greater extent than CM/PDGF. The results also showed that GDF-5 induced new bone formation in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that this strategy, using a CM carrying GDF-5, might lead to an improvement in the current clinical treatment of bone defects for periodontal and implant therapy.
Maternal vitamin D status and calcium intake interact to affect fetal skeletal growth in utero in pregnant adolescents

Background: Maternal calcium intake and vitamin D status may affect fetal bone development. Objective: This study was designed to examine relations between maternal calcium intake, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status, and fetal bone growth across pregnancy. Design: This was a prospective longitudinal design. Maternal 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] were determined at midgestation (;26 wk) and at delivery in 171 adolescents (18 y). Dietary recalls and fetal sonograms were performed up to 3 times across gestation, and fetal femur and humerus z scores were generated. Results: Fetal femur and humerus z scores and neonatal birth length were significantly greater (P , 0.03) in adolescents consuming 1050 mg than in those consuming ,1050 mg Ca/d. Maternal 25(OH)D .50 nmol/L was significantly positively associated with fetal femur and humerus z scores (P , 0.01). When maternal smoking, height, race, weight gain, and gestational age were controlled for, these relations remained significant. Interactions between calcium intake and 25(OH)D were evident. Calcium intake was associated with fetal femur z scores and birth length only when maternal 25(OH)D was 50 nmol/L (P , 0.05). Similarly, maternal 25(OH)D was associated with fetal femur and humerus z scores only when maternal calcium intake was ,1050 mg/d (P , 0.03). Conclusions: Optimal calcium intake and adequate maternal vitamin D status are both needed to maximize fetal bone growth. Interactions between these nutrients were evident when either calcium or vitamin D status was limited. Improving maternal calcium intake and/or vitamin D status during pregnancy may have a positive effect on fetal skeletal development in pregnant adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;95:1103‐12.
Design of compact multilevel folded-line RF couplers

A new design methodology for compact multilevel multiconductor folded-line couplers is presented in this paper. The approach is based on a general network representation of folded-line structures as interconnected coupled lines in a multilayered environment. Simple design equations are presented for compact directional couplers using two-level C-sections, and branch-line hybrids with single and cascaded C-sections. The new folded-line couplers exhibit a significant reduction in foot print compared to the conventional designs. The directional and hybrid folded-line coupler designs are validated by full-wave electromagnetic simulation. Also, a 3-dB branch-line hybrid using three folded-line sections is fabricated. The measured response is found to be in good agreement with the proposed theory.
Transcription of hupSL in Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 Is Regulated by NtcA and Not by Hydrogen

Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria such as Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 use an uptake hydrogenase, encoded by hupSL, to recycle hydrogen gas that is produced as an obligate by-product of nitrogen fixation. The regulation of hupSL in A. variabilis is likely to differ from that of the closely related Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 because A. variabilis lacks the excision element-mediated regulation that characterizes hupSL regulation in strain PCC 7120. An analysis of the hupSL transcript in a nitrogenase mutant of A. variabilis that does not produce any detectable hydrogen indicated that neither nitrogen fixation nor hydrogen gas was required for the induction of hupSL. Furthermore, exogenous addition of hydrogen gas did not stimulate hupSL transcription. Transcriptional reporter constructs indicated that the accumulation of hupSL transcript after nitrogen step-down was restricted primarily to the microaerobic heterocysts. Anoxic conditions were not sufficient to induce hupSL transcription. The induction of hupSL after nitrogen step-down was reduced in a mutant in the global nitrogen regulator NtcA, but was not reduced in a mutant unable to form heterocysts. A consensus NtcA-binding site was identified upstream of hupSL, and NtcA was found to bind to this region. Thus, while neither hydrogen gas nor anoxia controlled the expression of hupSL, its expression was controlled by NtcA. Heterocyst differentiation was not required for hupSL induction in response to nitrogen step-down, but heterocyst-localized cues may add an additional level of regulation to hupSL.
A structure for systems that plan abstractly

The advantages of introducing planning procedures in systems that deal with complex tasks are generally recognized. Here the special benefits of using abstraction in the planning process will be considered, and a structure particularly well suited for abstract planning, the purposive system, will be described. An example will be presented to show how abstract planning operates under the purposive system; this is the program PERCY, which simulates the behavior of a nest-building insect.
Synthesis of [4‐3H]‐2‐pyrrolidinone, [4‐3H]‐N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone and N‐[14C‐methyl]‐2‐pyrrolidinone

An efficient synthesis of 2-pyrrolidinone and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone was developed in which the compounds can be labeled with tritium at either the 3- and 4-positions or the 4-position of the lactam ring. Cyclization of [2,3-3H]-γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) yielded [3,4-3H]-2-pyrrolidinone and cyclization of [3-3H]-GABA, prepared by acid-catalyzed exchange of tritium from [2,3-3H]-GABA, yielded [4-3H]-2-pyrrolidinone was synthesized by methylation of [3,4-3H]-2-pyrrolidinone using phase transfer catalysis, followed by basecatalyzed tritium exchange. N-[14C-Methyl]-2-pyrrolidinone was prepared from [14C] methyl iodide and 2-pyrrolidinone, also using phase transfer catalysis.