cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of insurance status and parental education on glycemic control and cardiovascular disease risk profile in youth with Type 1 Diabetes

Background Adult studies have shown a correlation between low socioeconomic status and Type 1 Diabetes complications, but studies have not been done in children to examine the effect of socioeconomic status on risk for future complications. This study investigates the relationship between insurance status and parental education and both glycemic control and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in youth with type 1 diabetes.
Comparative Efficiency of Measures of Early Fetal Growth Restriction for Predicting Adverse Perinatal Outcomes

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the comparative efficiency of first-trimester fetal growth restriction, second-trimester fetal growth restriction, and first-to-second-trimester growth lag for predicting adverse perinatal outcomes. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of pregnancies with reliable dating based on last menstrual periods and first-trimester ultrasound examinations. Pregnancies with multiple fetuses, aneuploidy, and major structural anomalies were excluded. Fetal crown-rump lengths at 10–14 weeks, estimated fetal weights based on fetal biometry at 18–22 weeks, and interval growth were measured and converted to gestational age–adjusted Z-scores. The primary outcome was small for gestational age (SGA) at delivery. Secondary outcomes were low birth weight, preterm delivery, stillbirth, and preeclampsia. Receiver-operating characteristics curves were used to identify the optimal definitions of early fetal growth restriction associated with SGA and to compare screening efficiencies. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders. RESULTS: Among 8,978 pregnancies meeting inclusion criteria, 551 (6.5%) neonates were SGA. Crown-rump length Z-score less than −1.0, estimated fetal weights Z-score less than −1.0, and growth Z-score less than −1.0 were identified as the optimal definitions of early fetal growth restriction associated with SGA (adjusted odds ratio 1.41 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.74], 3.44 [95% CI 2.85–4.15] and 2.61 [95% CI 2.09–3.25], respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of first- and second-trimester fetal growth restriction for predicting SGA were 21.4% and 83.4%, and 37.2% and 85.5%, respectively. The area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve for second-trimester fetal growth restriction was greater than that for first-trimester fetal growth restriction and first-to-second-trimester growth lag (0.70 compared with 0.59 and 0.66, P CONCLUSION: Second-trimester fetal growth restriction is superior to first-trimester fetal growth restriction and first-to-second-trimester growth lag for predicting SGA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II
Sliding inguinal hernia.

Summary This is a review of sixty cases of sliding inguinal hernia. Of the forty-three cases followed up three to eight years, there were seven recurrences. Of these seven recurrences, all were in male patients less than fifty years old who had returned to work. The type of repair involved simple replacement of the sac deep to the transversalis fascia. Thus, it appears from this study that all types of management of the sac in cases of sliding hernia in older patients were effective. However, in younger patients, more aggressive management of the sac is advised.
Thin film characterization using third harmonic generation microscopy

Third harmonic microscopy is applied to determine nonlinear susceptibilities of thin films and image nascent, laser incubated, and laser damaged dielectric coatings with unprecedented contrast. The relative contribution of signals from the film and its surroundings is analyzed.
Theory of fast capillary gas chromatography part. 2: Speed of analysis

Using hold-up time as a measure of the speed of analysis with a given column efficiency, a theory of pneumatic optimization of a column in the fast high pressure drop isothermal and temperature programmed GC is developed. Expression for the hold-up time as a function of column efficiency, carrier gas velocity and film thickness is derived. Also found are the expressions for the minimum hold-up time and optimum gas velocity in a speed-optimized column. These quantities are compared with their counterparts in the efficiency-optimized column.
The inhibition of terminal oxidation by porphyrinogenic drugs

Abstract A total of 30 drugs representing a wide variety of molecular species were investigated for their ability: (1) to inhibit reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase purified from beef heart mitochondria, and (2) to induce increased glycolysis, as measured by lactate production, in cultured mouse fibroblast cells. Most of the drugs tested were chosen because they have been associated with the precipitation of symptoms in clinical cases of porphyria, or have been shown to induce porphyria in an experimental system, or both. The constant relationship between these two properties, namely, the inhibition of electron transport and the exacerbation or induction of porphyria, supports the thesis of a direct metabolic link between impaired terminal oxidation and porphyrinogenesis.
The myelinated fibers in the aortic nerve of the swine.

The aortic nerves of 24 Chester White swine were identified electrophysiologically by the synchronization of the recorded action potentials with the cardiac cycle; and the occurrence of the maximum firing rates observed on the oscilloscope during systole. The aortic nerve, thus identified, was traced to the aortic arch in two preparations. The left aortic nerve was a separate bundle in 15 of 24 (62.5%) swine investigated. In the remaining 37.5% of the swine the nerve was dissected from within the vagus after identification at the level of the nodose ganglion. At this level the aortic nerve leaves the ganglion with the superior laryngeal nerve, runs caudomedially with it a short distance, then loops back laterally into the vagus to run caudally to the arch of the aorta. An aortic nerve was not observed in the right vagus nor in the sympathetic trunk of either side. The myelinated fibers counted from six aortic nerves were less than 10 μ in diameter with the majority in the 2–6 μ range, and averaged 542 in number.
Introduction to Surface Finish Metrology

A number of methods are available to measure surface finish; methods of stylus profiling and optical profiling are emphasized here. Documentary standards for measurement of surface texture and comparisons between methods are also discussed.
INDUCED OVIPOSITION PREFERENCE, PERIODIC ENVIRONMENTS, AND DEMOGRAPHIC CYCLES IN THE BRUCHID BEETLE CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS

When laboratory populations of the beetle Callosobruchus maculatus were forced periodically to switch hosts, cyclic variation occurred in the number of eggs the beetles laid. This variation was found to have 3 causes: an overriding oviposition preference for one host (Vigna unguiculata); differential oviposition due to different larval hosts: and an exaggerated aversion to the less-preferred host (Cicer arietinum) that was induced in the adult beetle by exposure to V. unguiculata. Whether this induction has any direct influence on the beetle's normal behavior is unknown, but it ought to be a useful phenomenon in experimental studies of oviposition behavior. RESUME Induction du choix du lieu de ponte chez Callosobruchus maculatus Quand des populations de laboratoire de Callosobruchus maculants sont obligees periodiquement de changer d'hotes, la ponte varie cycliquement. Les populations qui subissent un cycle de 2 generations (l'hote favorise Vigna unguiculaia pendant une generation, l'hote moins favorise Cicer arietinum pendant la suivante), pondent beaucoup sur V. unguiculata et peu sur C. arietinum. Les effectifs d'oeufs pondus par des populations qui sont gardees pendant 2 generations successives sur un hote et pendant les 2 suivantes sur l'autre presentent une evolution compliquee qui ne peut etre expliquee uniquement par le choix inne du lieu de ponte par l'insecte. La figure 1 illustre les cycles de ponte. Les causes de cette evolution compliquee sont eclairees par une experience qui separe les influences de l'hote larvaire, de l'experience precoce de l'adulte, et de l'hote ultime de l'adulte. Chacune de ces variables affecte significativement l'effectif pondu. De plus, il existe une interaction significative entre les effets de l'experience precoce des femelles et ceux de son hote final: les femelles qui au debut ont rencontre l'hote prefere montrent ulterieurement une aversion exageree pour l'hote le moins recherche. Cette amplification est une forme d'induction du choix du lieu de ponte chez l'insecte adulte. Cette induction n'est evidemment pas due a une stimulation de l'ovogenese par l'hote. C'est probablement une caracteristique de l'espece et non de certaines lignees. Elle peut etre liee physiologiquement a l'induction des preferences alimentaires chez les insectes, phenomene souvent observe. Des preferences de ponte induites pendant la vie imaginale pourraient avoir des consequences evolutives du meme type que celles impliquees par l'induction pendant le stade larvaire (“Hopkins host-selection principe”). L'induction analysee ici parait cependant un facteur peu probable de formation de lQraces-hotesrQ ou de speciation sympatrique. L'importance de cette induction reside dans son utilisation potentielle dans des etudes experimentales ulterieures du comportement de ponte.
Effects of forest patch size on avian diversity

The effects of landscape patchiness on the diversity of birds of the Georgia Piedmont were investigated during 1993. Birds were sampled along line transects within relatively large (10–13.25 ha) and small (less than 3.25 ha) forest patches located within nonforest agricultural landscapes. Patterns of habitat use in these patches were compared to those in contiguous forest patches larger than 13.25 ha. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences in diversity between large and small woodlots and between contiguous and fragmented landscapes, especially in terms of the numbers of edge and interior species and winter-resident, summer-resident, and year-round birds observed.
Highly energy and performance efficient embedded computing through approximately correct arithmetic: a mathematical foundation and preliminary experimental validation

We develop a theoretical foundation to characterize a novel methodology for low energy and high performance dsp for embedded computing. Computing elements are operated at a frequency higher than that permitted by a conventionally correct circuit design, enabling a trade-off between error that is deliberately introduced, and the energy consumed. Similar techniques considered previously were relevant to deeply scaled future technology generations. Our work extends this idea to be applicable to current-day designs through: (i) a mathematically rigorous foundation characterizing a tradeoff between energy consumed and the quality of solution, and (ii) a means of achieving this trade off through very aggressive voltage scaling beyond that of a conventionally designed circuit. Through our "cmos inspired" mathematical model, we show that our approach is better (by an exponential factor) than the conventional uniform voltage scaling approach for comparable computational speed or performance. We further establish through experimental study that a similar improvement by a factor of 3.4x to the snr over conventional voltage-scaled approaches can be achieved in the context of the ubiquitous discrete Fourier transform.
Spatial distribution of Aspergillus flavus and its toxigenic strains on commercial cottonseed from south Texas and its relationship to aflatoxin contamination

The structure of Aspergillus flavus communities associated with south Texas cottonseed was determined by analysing samples from 178 truckloads of commercial cottonseed from 35 gins, extending from Fort Bend County in the north to the Rio Grande Valley in the south, from September 1999 to October 2001. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) of A. flavus on the cottonseed, and the percentage of S strain (%S) were both correlated with aflatoxin contamination of cottonseed. The number of CFU differed between both regions and seasons, while %S differed only between regions. Comparison of maps of CFU and %S revealed that CFU shows a higher variation across years, while %S shows higher spatial variation. The Rio Grande Valley had significantly lower CFU and %S strain than the Coastal Bend and Upper Coast regions. Cottonseed produced in 1999 had significantly more A. flavus than that produced in either 2000 or 2001. Identification of factors dictating geographical variation in S-strain incidence may provide insights that will lead to improved aflatoxin management.
Reconfigurable Infrared Camouflage Coatings from a Cephalopod Protein

In nature, cephalopods employ unique dynamic camouflage mechanisms. Herein, we draw inspiration from self-assembled structures found in cephalopods to fabricate tunable biomimetic camouflage coatings. The reflectance of these coatings is dynamically modulated between the visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum in situ. Our studies represent a crucial step towards reconfigurable and disposable infrared camouflage for stealth applications.
Efficient energy management protocol for target tracking sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks hold the promise of facilitating large-scale, real-time data processing in complex environments. So far, the main research focus has been on routing, media access control, security, etc, while less emphasis was placed on network management aspect. Designing an application layer management protocol for sensor networks has several advantages. Sensor networks have many application areas, and the management protocol should utilize the features in different applications. Sensor nodes have limited energy supply from battery, thus energy efficiency is very important for sensor networks. In this paper, we propose an energy management protocol for target tracking sensor networks. The protocol exploits the features of target tracking applications to allow sensor nodes that are far away from the targets to go to sleep and save lots of energy while it guarantees the accurate tracking of the targets. We also propose a routing protocol that cooperates very well with the energy management protocol. Extensive simulation experiments show that the energy management protocol plus the routing protocol save significant amount of energy while at the same time achieve high accuracy tracking and high data delivery ratio.
Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of the WI-1 Adhesin of Blastomyces dermatitidis

People infected with Blastomyces dermatitidis develop strong immunity to the yeast surface adhesin WI-1, including antibody responses to the adhesive domain, a 25-amino-acid repeat, and cellular responses to the N terminus. We studied the immunogenicity of WI-1 and the ability of anti-WI-1 immune responses to protect against lethal pulmonary infection in mice. WI-1 immunization, given in Freund's adjuvant subcutaneously in two doses 2 weeks apart, evoked delayed hypersensitivity responses in a concentration-dependent manner. Immunized mice also had anti-WI-1 antibody responses, with titers reaching an endpoint dilution of approximately 1:800,000. Anti-WI-1 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody subclasses were IgG1 > IgG2b > IgG2a > IgG3, indicating a mixed T helper 1 and T helper 2 immune response. In protection experiments, WI-1 immunization significantly prolonged the survival of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice compared to controls following intranasal administration of a lethal dose of B. dermatitidis yeasts (Kaplan-Meier survival curve P values of 0.027 to 0.0002) and also protected a proportion of the animals from death due to progressive pulmonary blastomycosis. Taken together, our results suggest that administration of WI-1 raises antibody and cell-mediated immune responses, which enhance resistance against pulmonary infection with B. dermatitidis. Mechanisms of vaccine-induced resistance require further investigation.
Interpersonal Violence, Depression, and Executive Function

This study considers links between the number of types of violence to which women have been exposed, depression, and executive functions (EFs). Substantial research has established EF deficits among depressed individuals as well as individuals exposed to trauma. Studies have also indicated a relationship between trauma exposure and depressive symptoms across a range of traumatic events, such as combat exposure, motor vehicle accidents, natural disasters, and assaults. This study examines this relationship in an ethnically diverse community sample of 93 women exposed to interpersonal violence who completed a battery of EF tasks that assessed processing speed, working memory, response inhibition, and set shifting. Women reported an average of 5.8 types of interpersonal violence events. The number of types of interpersonal violence events was significantly related to depressive symptoms, although not EF performance. Specific EFs, such as working memory and response inhibition, were positively related to depr...
Thermal effects of endoscopy in a human temporal bone model: Implications for endoscopic ear surgery

Objectives/Hypothesis Although the theoretical risk of elevated temperatures during endoscopic ear surgery has been reported previously, neither temperature change nor heat distribution associated with the endoscope has been quantified. In this study, we measure temperature changes during rigid middle ear endoscopy in a human temporal bone model and investigate whether suction can act as a significant cooling mechanism. Study Design Human temporal bone model of endoscopic middle ear surgery. Methods Fresh human temporal bones were maintained at body temperature (∼36°C). Temperature fluctuations were measured as a function of 1) distance between the tip of a 3-mm 0° Hopkins rod and round window membrane, and 2) intensity of the light source. Infrared imaging determined the thermal gradient. For suction, a 20-Fr suction catheter was utilized. Results We found: 1) an endoscope maximally powered by a xenon or light-emitting diode light source resulted in a rapid temperature elevation up to 46°C within 0.5 to 1 mm from the tip of the endoscope within 30 to 124 seconds, 2) elevated temperatures occurred up to 8 mm from the endoscope tip; and 3) temperature decreased rapidly within 20 to 88 seconds of turning off the light source or applying suction. Conclusions Our findings have direct implications for avoiding excessive temperature elevation in endoscopic ear surgery. We recommend: 1) using submaximal light intensity, 2) frequent repositioning of the endoscope, and 3) removing the endoscope to allow tissue cooling. Use of suction provides rapid cooling of the middle ear space and may be incorporated in the design of new instrumentation for prolonged dissection. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 124:E332–E339, 2014
On the Make: Clerks and the Quest for Capital in Nineteenth-Century America – By Brian P. Luskey

The urban clerk—young, white, male, unattached, and ambitious—has become a stock demographic cohort for historians. Yet, as Brian P. Luskey skillfully demonstrates in On the Make, beneath this homo...
Hetero-Romantic Love and Heterosexiness in Children’s G-Rated Films

In this article, the authors examine accounts of heterosexuality in media for children. The authors analyze all the G-rated films grossing $100 million dollars or more between 1990 and 2005 and find two main accounts of heterosexuality. First, heterosexuality is constructed through hetero-romantic love relationships as exceptional, powerful, magical, and transformative. Second, heterosexuality outside of relationships is constructed through portrayals of men gazing desirously at women’s bodies. Both of these findings have implications for our understanding of heteronormativity. The first is seemingly at odds with theories that claim that heterosexuality’s mundane, assumed, everyday ordinariness lends heteronormativity its power. In fact, the authors suggest heterosexual exceptionalism may extend the pervasiveness of heterosexuality and serve as a means of inviting investment in it. The second offers ways to begin to think about how heteronormativity is gendered and racialized.
A neural network for temporal pattern recognition in the presence of noise

A three-level neural network is presented that is capable of recognizing temporal sequences in the presence of the noise. The organization of the network consists of a first-level tree in which activations propagate as new input terms are received. The second level produces output activations based on the activations in the first level and interconnection strengths from the first to the second level. The learning rules that involve the third teaching level are described. Simulation results indicate that the system learns very quickly and performs very reliably compared to a standard backpropagation network. >
Emerald dragon bites vs veggie beans: Fun food names increase children’s consumption of novel healthy foods

Caregivers often struggle with food neophobia on the part of young children. This study examined whether labeling novel healthy foods with fun names would increase children's willingness to try those foods and encourage them to eat more of those foods in a child care setting. Thirty-nine toddler and preschool age children (mean age = 3.9 years) were served each of three foods twice, once labeled with a fun name and once with a healthy name. Percentage of the food consumed by each child was recorded. Overall, children ate a greater percentage of the target foods when they were labeled with fun names. Also, a larger percentage of the children tasted the foods when they were labeled with fun names. This simple strategy could be effective for increasing consumption of healthy foods among young children.
Apologia Pro Intermundia Sua

As a disquisition, Apologia Pro Intermundia Sua discusses a study of seven members of the clergy who have made or are making the transition out of parish ministry to engage the world as part of mainstream culture and their experience of being between worlds, or intermundia. This paper traces a path of using an imaginal approach by means of an alchemical hermeneutic methodology and transference dialogues to extend beneath the complexity of our knowledge and the knowledge of our complexity enfolded by reverie and fantasy. This paper also offers for consideration a proposal for an interventionless approach to the intermundia of clergy transitioning out of parish ministry.
Channel-cracking of thin films with the extended finite element method

The recently developed extended finite element method (XFEM) is applied to compute the steady-state energy release rate of channeling cracks in thin films. The method is demonstrated to be able to model arbitrary singularities by using appropriate enriching functions at selected nodes with a relatively coarse mesh. The dimensionless driving force for channeling cracks is obtained as a function of elastic mismatch, crack spacing, and the thickness ratio between the substrate and the film. The results are compared with those from several previous studies when available. Emphasis is placed on the cases with compliant substrates, for which much less information is available from previous studies. It is found that, while it is quite challenging to model the cases with very compliant substrates using regular finite element method because of the strong singularities, the present approach using XFEM is relatively simple and straightforward.
Determination of power system transient stability via global kinetic energy accounting

The authors propose a method for the determination of power system transient stability that is based on the global kinetic energy of the power system. The system global energy function is divided into within-group and between-group energies. It is concluded that the within-group kinetic energy at the critical boundary is the amount of energy which need to be corrected for at the clearing time. The region of stability determined by the within-group kinetic energy is compared with that obtained with a UEP (unstable equilibrium point) method. Superior accuracy of the proposed method over the UEP method is demonstrated on a 17-generator, 163-bus test system. >
Experimental Demonstration of III-Nitride Hot-Electron Transistor With GaN Base

In this letter, we demonstrate for the first time a III-nitride hot-electron transistor using an AlGaN (24%) emitter, 10-nm GaN base, and an AlGaN (8%) collector. Individual isotype heterojunctions were characterized by I- V measurements. For the device biased in a common base configuration, a common base transfer ratio of 0.97-0.98 was measured. The hot-electron distribution was obtained by plotting the differential of the collector current with respect to the applied base-collector voltage and demonstrated a Maxwellian shape suggesting near-ballistic transport through the 10-nm base.
The association between prenatal alcohol exposure and behavior at 22 years of age.

BACKGROUND: Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) affects central nervous system development, growth, and morphology at higher exposure levels. Little is known about the effects of PAE at lower exposure levels or in young adults. Research on children with higher levels of PAE has shown that PAE predicts behavior problems. The question remains whether these effects are permanent or ameliorated by maturation into adulthood. METHODS: These data are from a longitudinal study of PAE. Mothers were recruited from a prenatal clinic and interviewed during their fourth prenatal month, seventh month, and delivery. In the postpartum, mothers and offspring were seen at 8 and 18 months, and 3, 6, 10, 14, 16, and 22 years. RESULTS: At 22 years, PAE significantly predicted behavior as measured with the adult self-report. These findings were significant controlling for covariates. Exposure at each trimester predicted increased behavior problems on the Total Score, Internalizing, Externalizing, Attention, and Critical Items scales. Use across pregnancy predicted a higher rate of behavior problems compared to no use and use in the first trimester only. CONCLUSIONS: The effects were dose-response and significant at each trimester of pregnancy. However, duration across pregnancy was a better predictor than drinking during the first trimester only. Binge drinking was not a better predictor of outcome compared to average daily volume (ADV), and within categories of ADV, binge drinking did not predict more problems than nonbinge drinking. Thus, there is no safe level or safe time during pregnancy for women to drink. These data demonstrate that the effects of PAE, even at low to moderate levels, extend into young adulthood and are most likely permanent. Language: en
Mind-Body Medicine in Chronic Heart Failure A Translational Science Challenge

The connection between the mind and body has often been regarded by Western medicine as something ascribed to the mystical and a topic residing outside the scope of scientific thought. However, it has been a long-term integral tenet in the medical practice of many other cultures.1 It could be argued that the reliance of Western thought on the concept of dualism in which Plato, Aristotle, and other classical philosophers separated the body as a physical entity from the mind as a “spiritual” force has ultimately discouraged health care professionals from serious consideration of what has appeared to be a vague and even mysterious connection between the mind and body.2 Nevertheless, a growing body of research has progressively identified the mechanistic building blocks that demystify the reciprocal mind-body interaction and show that it is clearly a physical rather than mystical connection. Descriptions of neurovisceral changes in which readily demonstrated structural alterations in the brain, heart, and other organ systems arise in response to stress and a variety of emotional states provide further demonstration of the true organic mind-body connection. Perhaps the most abundant mechanistic data pertain to the brain-heart interaction under both conditions of health and a variety of cardiovascular disease states. The increasing body of evidence for these important interactions has in fact led to the call for dedicated integrated fields such as neurocardiology or behavioral cardiology.3–5 It is therefore important to examine the current state of our understanding of mind-body interactions including the experimental evidence identifying the physiological basis for these interactions and their impact on clinical outcomes. As will be shown, there is a significant overlap between the pathophysiologic mechanisms of congestive heart failure and the major effectors of mind-body connections. This provides the basis for potential new therapies that incorporate mind-body medicine. …
Variation in Escape Behavior among Individuals of the Striped Plateau Lizard Sceloporus virgatus May Reflect Differences in Boldness

Individual differences may affect risk taking (boldness) in antipredatory behavior. I examined individual differences of the lizard Sceloporus virgatus in flight initiation distance (predator-prey distance when escape begins), distance fled, and hiding time (refuge entry until emergence). Positive correlations between repeated measures of flight initiation distance and distance fled showed that individuals differed reliably in each variable, demonstrating individual differences in boldness over intervals of a few minutes to a day or longer, but correlations of hiding times between trials were context-specific. Hiding times were correlated for different speeds and directnesses of approach and predator proximity but not for identical approaches or trials differing in presence of food outside refuge. Independence of repeated hiding times might indicate that assessed risk varied between trials because of uncontrolled differences in approaches that elicited immergence or costs of hiding. Independence of hiding times with food present or absent suggests that differences in nutritional state affected hiding differently when food was present or that boldness is context-specific. Contrary to previous findings for S. virgatus, distance fled and flight initiation distance were unrelated, presumably because the relationship is weak, and possibly because sample sizes were small and uncontrolled distance to refuge and direction fled obscured a relationship.
A Review of: Precin, Pat, ed. “Surviving 9/11: Impact and Experiences of Occupational Therapy Practitioners”

In most analyses of clinical response to cataclysmic events, the therapist approaches from outside of the event, seeking to aid clients seeking recovery. Surviving 9/11 is a unique account because ...
Mortality, stadial duration, and weight loss in three species of mass-reared fruit fly pupae (Diptera: Tephritidae) held with and without vermiculite at selected relative humidities

Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann); melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett; and oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, pupae were held with and without a pupation medium (vermiculite) at 20°C and 90, 60, and 40% RH. For all three species of fruit flies, pupae held with vermiculite were significantly heavier than those held without vermiculite. Storage of pupae in boxes of vermiculite significantly reduced mortality at both 60 and 40% RH. For pupae held without vermiculite, lowest mortality, shortest stadial duration, and highest weight occurred at 90% RH for all three species. At 90% RH, mortality of pupae held without vermiculite did not differ significantly from mortality of those held with vermiculite. Results are discussed with respect to selection of holding procedures for mass-produced fruit fly pupae for programs involving the sterile insect release method.
THE EFFECTS OF SEASONAL HYPERTROPHY AND ATROPHY ON FIBER MORPHOLOGY, METABOLIC SUBSTRATE CONCENTRATION AND SOUND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WEAKFISH SONIC MUSCLE

Male weakfish Cynoscion regalis possess highly specialized, bilateral, striated sonic muscles used in sound production associated with courtship. Androgen-driven hypertrophy of the muscles during the late spring spawning period results in a tripling of sonic muscle mass followed by post-spawning atrophy. This study examined the morphological and biochemical changes underlying seasonal changes in sonic muscle mass and the functional effects of these on contraction as measured by sound production. Sonic muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) increased significantly during the period of hypertrophy and then decreased by nearly 60%. Both the CSA of the contractile cylinder and that of the peripheral sarcoplasm decreased significantly by late summer, with the peripheral ring of sarcoplasm virtually disappearing. Muscle protein content followed a similar trend, suggesting a major loss of structural elements during atrophy. Muscle glycogen and lipid content decreased precipitously in early June during the period of maximal sound production. Sound pressure level increased and sound pulse duration decreased with increasing sonic muscle mass, indicating that sonic muscle fibers contract with greater force and shorter duration during the spawning season. Neither the pulse repetition rate nor the number of pulses varied seasonally or with muscle mass, suggesting that the effects of steroids on the acoustic variables are more pronounced peripherally than in the central nervous system. Seasonal sonic muscle hypertrophy, therefore, functions as a secondary sexual characteristic that maximizes vocalization amplitude during the spawning period.
Application of ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy for treatment of ureteral calculi in children

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of holmium laser lithotripsy for ureteric stones in children.Method:From 2007 September to 2014 June,a total of 69 patients with ureteral calculi,less than 12 years old,who need surgery,were treated with holmium laser lithotripsy via ureteroscope.Result:In all cases,the distribution of the calculi was 18 cases in the upper,12 in the middle and 39 in the lower ureter.The success rate of the three groups who were cured in one-stage holmium laser lithotripsy was respectively 77.8%(14/18),91.7%(11/12),97.4%(38/39).In the operations,no patients were complicated by serious complications,such as ureteral avulsion,ureteral perforation and so on.Furthermore,the common complication like hematuria after operation mostly disappeared in a short time.Additionally,we observed that no residual stones remained in the ureter among all the children with successful operation,and hydronephrosis was improved largely.Conclusion:Ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy,as a safe and effective way to treat the ureteral stone in children,should become the best treatment to be promoted widely.
Design and Verification of Protection Algorithms for Switched Reluctance Motors Based on STM32

Common faults and protection principle of switched reluctance motor(SRM) were analyzed and researched to improve its safety and reliability.The protection algorithms for abnormal situation of over current,over load,locked rotor,over voltage and under voltage were proposed and implemented in the controller with STM32 processor as the core parts.The test system was set up and the abnormal situations were simulated.Results show that the proposed algorithm can recognize the abnormal situation accurately and execute the protection moves fast with set threshold and time,proving the effectiveness of proposed algorithm.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE PREPARATION OF PHOTOCATALYST AND TREATMENT OF COAL MINE SEWAGE

Nano photocatalyst was prepared by adhesive preparation method which TiO_2 was loaded on polypropylene multi-sided ball by titanate coupling agent,and it was used to treat the stimulant coal mine sewage.The experiment discussed the influencing factors of the preparation of photocatalyst and the degradation of stimulant coal mine sewage.
The I.E.E.E. no. 117 working group's 1964 motorette Round Robin — A progress report

It is somewhat ironical that the Random Wound Motorette, perhaps the oldest and best known method for the thermal evaluation of insulation systems, is only now undergoing the most critical appraisal in its history.
Acoustooptic Adaptive Signal Processing

Acoustooptic methods for adaptive filtering of temporal signals are discussed. Two specific architectures are presented: one utilizing space-integration alone and the other combining both time and space integrating techniques. Performance issues regarding the space-integrating system are discussed in detail, and a description and experimental results for the space-time integrating filter are presented.
Multistage estimation of the difference of locations of two negative exponential populations under a modified Linex loss function: Real data illustrations from cancer studies and reliability analysis

ABSTRACTWe have designed modified two-stage and purely sequential strategies to estimate the difference of location parameters from two independent negative exponential populations having unknown but proportional scale parameters under a modified Linex loss function. This article extends one-sample methodologies of Mukhopadhyay and Bapat (2016, Sequential Analysis). Some preliminary results are established along the lines of Mukhopadhyay and Hamdy (1984, Canadian Journal of Statistics) and Mukhopadhyay and Darmanto (1988, Sequential Analysis). We have resorted to Mukhopadhyay and Duggan (1997, Sankhya, Series A) in developing asymptotic second-order properties for the modified two-stage methodology and to nonlinear renewal theory of Lai and Siegmund (1977, 1979, Annals of Statistics) and Woodroofe (1977, Annals of Statistics) in addressing analogous properties under the purely sequential methodology. Then, we supplement with extensive sets of data analysis via computer simulations validating that both mod...
Evaluation of chloride and water penetration in concrete with cement containing limestone and IPA

Abstract This paper investigates the effect of adding inorganic process additions (IPA) and increasing the insoluble residue (IR) on the strength and permeability characteristics of concrete. Also, the effect of supplementary cementitious materials and fine aggregate type is demonstrated. The depth of water penetration per DIN 1048 and the rapid chloride penetration (RCP) test per ASTM C1202 were conducted on twenty six concrete mixes with different cementitious combinations at three different ages (56, 180, and 360 days). The IPA addition and the increase in IR had a negligible effect on the strength and permeability characteristics of concrete. In regards to the permeability results, the penetration coefficient (Kw) of water penetrating in unsaturated concrete under hydrostatic pressure per DIN 1048 was estimated based on the average depth rather than the maximum depth of penetration. In addition, the equivalent-steady state diffusion coefficient (Dc_rm) based on the chloride migration rate per RCP test was estimated using the Nernst-Plank equation. By using this equation, the Arrhenius correction factor was applied to account for the “Joule effect”. The results showed a reasonable relationship between the Kw and Dc_rm. Overall, a reliable method was established to predict the Kw based on the DIN 1048 test and a simplified equation based on the charge passed in RCP test was developed to estimate the Dc_rm.
Nativism, Resistance, and Ethnogenesis of the Florida Seminole Indian Identity

The Seminole Indians of Florida call themselves the “unconquered people,” referring to the years of the Second Seminole War (1835–1842) when the U.S. Army failed to remove them to Indian Territory. Although the Seminoles have diverse origins and a deep cultural foundation in the prehistoric Southeast, their modern identity can be traced to this era of military conflict. Nativistic resistance movements aided by a strengthening of clan ties formed an adaptive response to the threat of cultural extinction and fueled the process of Seminole ethnogenesis. Using the archaeological record in conjunction with historical and anthropological sources brings a new perspective to the study of ethnogenesis by identifying material dimensions of Seminole resistance and unity. Specifically, the presence and absence of aboriginal versus European American pottery, the presence of military buttons at Seminole sites, and evidence for the ceremonial exchange of wealth by clans are examined as material evidence for the process of identity formation.
Experiments in Fir Superradiance

The occurrence of superradiance in the far infrared has been extended to the homogeneously broadened regime with the observation of delayed single-pulse emission in methyl fluoride at 496 μm. The delay, width, intensity, and asymmetry of the observed pulses are compared with the predictions of several theoretical models. Reasonable quantitative agreement is found with a Maxwell-Bloch mean-field model and a Maxwell-Bloch model including unidirectional propagation. The relation of the observations to steadystate superradiance and the contraction of the emitted pulse is discussed.
The paradox of a long grounding during West Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat in Ross Sea

Marine geological data show that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) advanced to the eastern Ross Sea shelf edge during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and eventually retreated ~1000 km to the current grounding-line position on the inner shelf. During the early deglacial, the WAIS deposited a voluminous stack of overlapping grounding zone wedges (GZWs) on the outer shelf of the Whales Deep Basin. The large sediment volume of the GZW cluster suggests that the grounding-line position of the paleo-Bindschadler Ice Stream was relatively stationary for a significant time interval. We used an upper bound estimate of paleo-sediment flux to investigate the lower bound duration over which the ice stream would have deposited sediment to account for the GZW volume. Our calculations show that the cluster represents more than three millennia of ice-stream sedimentation. This long duration grounding was probably facilitated by rapid GZW growth. The subsequent punctuated large-distance (~200 km) grounding-line retreat may have been a highly non-linear ice sheet response to relatively continuous external forcing such as gradual climate warming or sea-level rise. These findings indicate that reliable predictions of future WAIS retreat may require incorporation of realistic calculations of sediment erosion, transport and deposition.
International Organizations as Mobilizing Structures: World CSR Associations and Their Disparate Impacts on Members’ CSR Practices, 2000–2016

International organizations are key players in globalization, but not all international organizations influence global processes in the same ways. In this paper, we argue that differences in international organizations' mobilizing structures can shape the extent to which these organizations can positively impact the practices of their members. We present the first comparative and quantitative assessment of world corporate social responsibility (CSR) associations that comprise business participants that act collectively to address pressing social and environmental concerns. We conduct time-series panel regression analyses of a unique dataset of business participation in three core world CSR associations and test their effects on business adoption of three major CSR frameworks and business performance across six major CSR evaluation schemes. Our findings reveal that world CSR associations with participatory structures, compared to those with honorific or convocational structures, more consistently encourage member businesses to adopt CSR policies and to achieve highly evaluated CSR practices. We discuss these results in relation to sociological and world society perspectives on international organizations as well as implications for future research on global corporate responsibility.
Dynamic Modelling of Polymerization Reactors

Abstract An overview of dynamic models for polymerization reactors is provided along with a brief survey of recent literature. The very complex dynamics possible in polymerization processes are illustrated by specific examples.
The Bifactor Model Fits Better Than the Higher-Order Model in More Than 90% of Comparisons for Mental Abilities Test Batteries.

The factor structure of mental abilities has most often been depicted using a higher-order model. Under this model, general mental ability (g) is placed at the top of a pyramid, with “loading” arrows going from it to the other factors of intelligence, which in turn go to subtest scores. In contrast, under the bifactor model (also known as the nested factors/direct hierarchical model), each subtest score has its own direct loading on g; the non-g factors (e.g., the broad abilities) do not mediate the relationships of the subtest scores with g. Here we summarized past research that compared the fit of higher-order and bifactor models using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). We also analyzed additional archival datasets to compare the fit of the two models. Using a total database consisting of 31 test batteries, 58 datasets, and 1,712,509 test takers, we found stronger support for a bifactor model of g than for the traditional higher-order model. Across 166 comparisons, the bifactor model had median increases of 0.076 for the Comparative Fit Index (CFI), 0.083 for the Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), and 0.078 for the Normed Fit Index (NFI) and decreases of 0.028 for the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) and 1343 for the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Consequently, researchers should consider using bifactor models when conducting CFAs. The bifactor model also makes the unique contributions of g and the broad abilities to subtest scores more salient to test users.
Frontline Participatory Behavior in Networks: Identity Work and the Corresponding Behavioral Determinations

Studies that adequately reflect on the distinctive workings of collaborative networks and, more specifically, the importance of the participatory behaviors of frontline workers are in short supply. To address this gap in the literature, this article reports on a quantitative study of the identity work tensions and corresponding behavioral determinations of a set of frontline workers from thirteen collaborative social welfare networks in Virginia. This study found some evidence that their roles as enacted inside of the boundaries of their home organizations and the associated identities may differ from or conflict with their interorganizational, boundary spanning roles and associated identities. In some instances, the resulting tensions complicated the achievement of behavioral determinations by these frontline workers that would favor the realization of a collaborative advantage.
Identifying Shared Values for School-Affiliated Student Organizations.

Objective. To identify shared values for student organizations.Methods. A three-round Delphi approach was utilized to identify and prioritize shared values among student organization leadership. In round 1, student leaders selected 15 values from a list of 36 organizational values and were given an opportunity to include up to five suggestions not incorporated within the original list. Student leaders narrowed the 15 values to 12 in round 2. The top 12 priorities were ranked in round 3 and participants were invited to write a brief statement regarding their perspectives of the results.Results. Twelve shared values were identified and ranked: professional development, improving leadership of your members, advancing the role of pharmacy, planning quality events, networking, improving the academic experience for peers, community service, learning from pharmacy shadowing/speakers, social outlet, recruitment/gaining student membership, attracting students to events, and gaining national/local attention or awar...