cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mast cell activation and neutrophil recruitment promotes early and robust inflammation in the meninges in EAE

Abstract The meninges are often considered inert tissues that house the CSF and provide protection for the brain and spinal cord. Yet emerging data demonstrates that they are also active sites of immune responses. Furthermore, the blood–CSF barrier surrounding meningeal blood vessels, together with the blood–brain barrier (BBB), is postulated to serve as a gateway for the pathological infiltration of immune cells into the CNS in multiple sclerosis (MS). Our previous studies using mast cell-deficient ( Kit W/Wv ) mice demonstrated that mast cells resident in the dura mater and pia mater exacerbate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a rodent model of MS, by facilitating CNS inflammatory cell influx. Here we examined the underlying mechanisms that mediate these effects. We demonstrate that there are dramatic alterations in immune associated gene expression in the meninges in pre-clinical disease, including those associated with mast cell and neutrophil function. Meningeal mast cells are activated within 24 h of disease induction, but do not directly compromise CNS vascular integrity. Rather, through production of TNF, mast cells elicit an early influx of neutrophils, cells known to alter vascular permeability, into the meninges. These data add to the growing evidence that inflammation in the meninges precedes CNS immune cell infiltration and establish that mast cells are among the earliest participants in these disease-initiating events. We hypothesize that mast cell-dependent neutrophil recruitment and activation in the meninges promotes early breakdown of the local BBB and CSF–blood barrier allowing initial immune cell access to the CNS.
Effect of Sunlight on Tetracycline Marks in Otoliths of Colorado Squawfish Larvae

Abstract Embryos and newly hatched larvae of Colorado squawfish Ptychocheilus lucius were immersed in tris-buffered solutions of 350 mg tetracycline hydrochloride (TC)/L of distilled water for 24 h (embryos) or 12 h (larvae). Larvae from both treatments were held indoors prior to swim-up and indoors or outdoors for 7 d after swim-up. Exposure to sunlight under simulated natural conditions had no detectable effect on quality or retention of fluorescent TC marks in otoliths. Marks in all otoliths examined were distinct and lucid to bright. Mark-recapture studies on age-0 Colorado squawfish could facilitate research needed for applied management and population recovery. Tetracycline marks in otoliths appear to be suitable for this purpose.
Travel agents’ destination recommendations

Abstract Travel agents’ recommendations can strongly influence clientel’s satisfaction and the success of touristic businesses, attractions, and destinations. But little is known about their recommendation process. This article presents a conceptual model of this process and empirically examines the impact on agents’ destination recommendations of two factors from the model: trip type and origin, which create important differences in destination recommendations. This research holds important implications both for tourism marketers who seek to influence travel agents and for researchers interested in studying this line of inquiry.
The influence of alcohol and loud music on analytic and holistic processing.

The influence of alcohol and loud music on analytic versus holistic processing was examined in classification, concept learning, and embedded figures tasks. In the classification task, loud music reduced analytic responding by individuals who had consumed alcohol and increased analytic responding by individuals who had received placebo drinks. Alcohol also decreased the speed with which individuals were able to generate analytic responses in the classification task and decreased analytic performance on the embedded figures test. Alcohol slowed the rate of learning in the concept-learning task but did not lead to less analytic responding in that task. The results are consistent with the idea that alcohol slows the rate of information processing, particularly in tasks requiring visual analysis of stimuli.
The identification of twenty-three 5-deoxy- and ten 5-hydroxy-flavonoids from Baptisia lecontei (leguminosae)

Abstract The chemical investigation of all thirty-five compounds detected by u.v. light on a Baptisia lecontei paper chromatogram resulted in the identification of ten 5-hydroxyflavonoids, twenty-three 5-deoxyflavonoids and two coumarins. Thirteen new flavonoids were identified: the 7-O-glucosides and rhamnosylglucosides of 7,4′-dihydroxyflavone and 7,3′,4′-trihydroxyflavone, the 3-O-β- D -glucoside and 7-O-rhamnosylglucoside of fisetin, orobol 7-O-rhamnosylglucoside, daidzein 7-O-rhamnosylglucoside, 7,3′-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone (calycosin) and its 7-O-β- D -glucoside and 7-O-rhamnosylglucoside, and the dihydroflavonol glycosides, lecontin and (+)-fustin 3-O-β- D -glucoside. The relative locations of the flavonoid spots on the 2D paper chromatogram are discussed with respect to the structures of the compounds.
Romantic Attachment Among Young Adults: The Effects of Parental Divorce and Residential Instability

Using an attachment theory perspective, variation in adult romantic attachment style outcomes were examined according to childhood experiences of parental divorce and residential instability. The sample was made up of 172 young adults who were recruited using snowball sampling via online social networking. A statistical difference on adult romantic attachment style was not found between individuals who experience parental divorce and those who did not, and parental conflict and stability of residence patterns did not have a statistical impact on attachment avoidance or anxiety. However, conflict, residential stability, and time with nonresidential parent statistically improved the predictive ability of attachment anxiety among those whose parents had divorced. Specifically, time with nonresidential parent moderated adult romantic attachment anxiety.
A shape memory-based multifunctional structural actuator panel

Abstract A multifunctional panel concept is presented in which a lightweight, structurally efficient sandwich panel is able to undergo a reversible change in shape upon application of a localized thermal stimulus while supporting significant load. The shape change is effected by shape memory alloy face sheet elements, which exploit a “one-way” shape memory effect only. Unlike other related designs, no external or bias forces are required to complete the full cycle of shape change. The reversible shape change is accomplished by a core design which forces an inactive face sheet to martensitically deform in tension when the opposing face sheet undergoes a length change. By alternately heating one face sheet and then the other, the sandwich panel is able to perform fully reversible cyclic shape changes. The performance of the sandwich panel, in terms of required thermal power, actuation frequency, peak load bearing capacity, stiffness, and weight, can be optimized by proper selection of face sheet material and its thickness, the overall core thickness, core member thickness and length, and the design of the joint connecting core members and face sheet.
The Narrow Application of Rawls in Business Ethics: A Political Conception of Both Stakeholder Theory and the Morality of Markets

This paper argues that Rawls’ principles of justice provide a normative foundation for stakeholder theory. The principles articulate (at an abstract level) citizens’ rights; these rights create interests across all aspects of society, including in the space of economic activity; and therefore, stakeholders – as citizens – have legitimate interests in the space of economic activity. This approach to stakeholder theory suggests a political interpretation of Boatright’s Moral Market approach, one that emphasizes the rights/place of citizens. And this approach to stakeholder theory – in terms of citizens – raises a further question, what rights and obligations do economic agents have, beyond those attached to their roles as citizens? Rawls would reject additional rights and obligations of this sort for two reasons, one tied to freedom and one tied to pluralism. Rawls’ work therefore presses us to re-conceptualize the place of ethical claims in the economic context.
Origin of Trans-Bent Geometries in Maximally Bonded Transition Metal and Main Group Molecules

Recent crystallographic data unambiguously demonstrate that neither Ar‘GeGeAr‘ nor Ar‘CrCrAr‘ molecules adopt the expected linear (VSEPR-like) geometries. Does the adoption of trans-bent geometries indicate that Ar‘MMAr‘ molecules are not “maximally bonded” (i.e., bond order of three for M = Ge and five for M = Cr)? We employ theoretical hybrid density functional (B3LYP/6-311++G**) computations and natural bond orbital-based analysis to quantify molecular bond orders and to elucidate the electronic origin of such unintuitive structures. Resonance structures based on quintuple M−M bonding dominate for the transition metal compounds, especially for molybdenum and tungsten. For the main group, M−M bonding consists of three shared electron pairs, except for M = Pb. For both d- and p-block compounds, the M−M bond orders are reflected in torsional barriers, bond−antibond splittings, and heats of hydrogenation in a qualitatively intuitive way. Trans-bent structures arise primarily from hybridization tendencies t...
A comparison of the cytosolic and mitochondrial forms of asparagine/glyoxylate aminotransferase

Abstract Asparagine aminotransferase activity was measured in a variety of mouse tissues. The liver had the highest activity—nearly 20 times more than any of the other tissues tested. Hepatic asparagine aminotransferase was found to consist of cytosolic and mitochondrial forms. The mitochondrial form was found to be the predominant form in mouse tissue. Gel filtration chromatography indicated that the mouse enzyme forms have comparable molecular weights of approximately 70,000. While the substrate specificities of the two forms are very different, asparagine was the preferred amino donor for both forms. The relative contribution to the total activity of the hepatic enzyme forms varies with the animal source. Mouse had the highest level of enzyme activity of all animals tested. Ratios of the two enzyme forms also varied greatly not only with the animal source but also with the substrate used and the isolation conditions.
Identifying landslide activity as a function of economic development: a case study of increased landslide frequency surrounding Dominical, Costa Rica

Despite legislation and voluntary initiatives aimed at protecting the environment, previously undeveloped areas of Costa Rica are subject to new development opportunities. This growth has been largely unchecked, and has led to enormous amounts of foreign direct investment. This unchecked investment has led to destabilization of the natural environment, and, in the case of the Dominical–Uvita corridor on the Pacific Coast, has led to an observed increase in landsliding activity. Data collection for a landslide inventory of the study area was created via direct inspection and remote sensing techniques in December 2007 and November 2008. Evaluation of data was based on the slide location, surrounding land cover/land use, and evidence of reactivation. Data were subjected to a χ2 2 × 3 contingency table and the Freeman–Halton extension of the Fisher exact probability test to gauge the level of impact from human-induced land-use change on the rate of landslide events. The results suggest more attention needed to monitor the impacts of human agency in the region lest landslide susceptibility become greater.
Situated address and the social construction of “in‐law” relationships

This study examined address practices between young American couples and their parents‐in‐law in the transitional period of early marriage. Couples’ self‐reports of their preferred modes of address toward mother‐ and father‐in‐law, and the rationales for their choices were analyzed. Four themes were identified as key in guiding and constraining the selection of address forms: social conventions requiring a show of respect toward parents‐in‐law as weighed against pressures toward the expression of intimacy; loyalty to one's biological parents; situational cues; and the desire to publicly mark the event of marriage as a significant transition. The findings are taken as evidence for the salience of naming and address behavior in the construction of family relationship definitions.
Typologies of religiousness/spirituality: implications for health and well-being.

The purpose of this study was to develop empirically based typologies of religiousness/spirituality (R/S) and to determine whether the typologies were related to health and well-being. The study used a nationally representative sample of adults (N = 1,431). Using latent profile analysis, typologies were derived based on religious service attendance, prayer, positive religious coping, and daily spiritual experiences. Multivariate statistical tests were used to examine cluster differences in health and well-being. A four-class model was identified: highly religious, moderately religious, somewhat religious, and minimally religious or non-religious. The four classes were distinctively different in psychological well-being, in that the highly religious class was most likely to be happy and satisfied with finances and least likely to be psychologically distressed.
Obscurin: A New Player in Cardiac Hypertrophy

Obscurins, encoded by the single OBSCN gene, comprise a family of giant (∼890-810 kDa) and small (∼550-50 kDa) proteins of vertebrate striated muscles composed of adhesion and signaling motifs. Giant obscurins intimately surround sarcomeres at the level of M-bands and Z-disks where they participate in the assembly, stabilization, and integration of the contractile cytoskeleton with other sarcoplasmic structures. Consistent with this, the immunoglobulin (Ig) domains 58 and 59 of obscurins interact directly with Ig domains 9 and 10 of titin located at the periphery of Z-disks. Genomic linkage analysis has recently revealed a missense mutation (R4344Q) in obscurin Ig58 that is causally linked to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). To examine how the R4344Q mutation leads to the development of HCM, we generated two animal models: a knock-in model that contains full length obscurins carrying the R4344Q mutation, and a partial knock-out model that lacks Ig 58 and 59. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence analysis indicated that both mutant and truncated obscurins are readily expressed in cardiac muscles, and properly incorporated into sarcomeres. Homozygous partial knock-out mice developed overt cardiac hypertrophy by 12 months of age, as measured by echocardiography; notably, hypertrophy was exacerbated in the female homozygous animals. While a hypertrophic trend was apparent in homozygous knock-in animals, phenotypic and functional alterations of the affected hearts were not statistically significant from those of wild-type animals. Importantly, trans-aortic constriction of ∼2 months old knock-in and partial knock-out male and female mice led to severe cardiac hypertrophy within 4-8 weeks post-surgery, as evaluated by echocardiography. We are currently examining the cellular and biochemical manifestations of mutant and truncated obscurins, as related to the development of HCM. Our studies provide the first in vivo models to study the molecular defects that underlie HCM due to altered obscurins.
Activity reduction as an adaptive response to seasonal hunger.

This paper investigates whether physical activity and productive work effort are reduced in response to nutritional stress during hunger seasons by examining patterns of association between nutritional status and both physical activity and behavior patterns among Lese horticulturists of northeast Zaire. Three predictions are derived and tested: (1) reduction of physical activity will not occur until after significant depletion of body energy stores, (2) reduction of physical activity will be correlated with weight loss and with loss of lean body mass, and (3) less essential activities will be curtailed prior to more essential activities. Anthropometric dimensions and behavioral observations were taken during the 3½ month 1991 Lese hunger season. Among men with a BMI <18.5 kg/m2 and among men with summed skinfolds (SSF) below the median, physical activity level was negatively correlated with percentage loss of body weight and percentage loss of upper arm muscle area (UAMA), while there were no significant correlations in men above these thresholds, supporting predictions 1 and 2. Among women, there was no significant association between nutritional stress and physical activity level. However, patterns of association between nutritional stress and activity budgets suggested that activities that were not essential for short-term survival were curtailed in response to nutritional stress. Among men with SSF below the median, farmwork was negatively correlated with percentage loss of UAMA and positively correlated with minimum SSF, supporting a cycle model of seasonal hunger. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
High-Energy Multiparticle Reactions

Hadronic multiparticle reactions at very high energies are reviewed with emphasis on current theoretical pictures and models.
Interference effects in electron-ion recombination. I. Resonance channels only

The Feshbach formalism is employed in investigations of the effects of interacting and/or overlapping resonances on dielectronic recombination. Model systems are considered, and the problem of singly charged target ions is discussed. Small reductions in dielectronic recombination cross sections are found to occur for these systems. Comparison is made with the results of multichannel quantum-defect theory calculations.
Invasion of cartilage by basal cell carcinoma

Extensive analysis of ten factors in 183 consecutive cases of basal cell carcinoma overlying cartilage of the nose and ear is performed in this prospective study. Duration of tumor and prior treatment rather than one specific modality of previous therapy are significant factors in predicting tumor invasion of cartilage, which necessitates removal of cartilage.
Fluorescence quenching high-performance thin-layer chromatographic analysis utilizing a scientifically operated charge-coupled device detector

A scientifically operated charge-coupled device detector combined with fluorescence quenching high-performance thin-layer chromatographic plates was employed for the detection of organic compounds, The plates were excited with 254 nm light from a mercury lamp, and quantitative information was obtained from organic compounds that absorbed the optimum conditions for detection. The linear dynamic range, sensitivity, and reproducibility of the system were evaluted by quantitative analysis of famotidine, acetaminophen, caffeine, and acetylsalicylic acid. The detection limits of the system were found to be in the nanogram range.
Passivation of β-SiC surface with native and nonnative oxides

The passivation characteristics of various insulators are evaluated for the β–SiC surface. It is found that wet thermal oxides yield minimum electrical defects at the oxide-SiC interface. Dry thermal oxide results in too much charge either at the oxide-SiC interface or in the bulk. It is also shown that anodic aluminum oxide seems to possess suitable electrical properties for the fabrication of MOS structures on SiC, whereas the CVD silicon nitride proved to be the worst.
A Monte Carlo approach to the analysis of control system robustness

Stochastic robustness, a simple technique used to estimate the stability and performance robustness of linear, time-invariant systems, is described. The scalar probability of instability is introduced as a measure of stability robustness. Examples are given of stochastic performance robustness measures based on classical time-domain specifications. The relationship between stochastic robustness measures and control system design parameters is discussed. The technique is demonstrated by analyzing an LQG/LTR system designed for a flexible robot arm. It is concluded that the analysis of stochastic robustness offers a good alternative to existing robustness metrics.
Structure and Function in Vertebrate Skeletal Muscle

its structure. An important aspect of this is its hierarchical design. At the cellular level, muscle fibers form three categories whose functional properties grade into each other: slow-oxidative fibers with high endurance to fatigue, fast-oxidative/glycolytic fibers also endurant but with greater metabolic diversity, and fast-glycolytic fibers with limited endur? ance but quick response. This partitioning of functional properties found among single muscle fibers is conserved at a second level of the structural hierarchy, since the group of myofibers innervated by a single motor neuron (together called a motor unit) is com? posed ofthe same fiber type. Different motor units may be recruited in an orderly pattern depending upon the functional demands ofa particular behavior. Finally, groups of motor units innervated by axons travelling together in the primary nerve branches may form discrete neuromuscular compartments at a third level of structural hierarchy. Different motor units may be found in regional arrays in these compartments so that slow or fast units tend to be clumped together and may be recruited together as larger functional units. This hierarchical organization of skeletal muscle may be a fundamental vertebrate plan that allows the diversity of functions so evident in vertebrate behavior.
Bloodborne pathogens and procedure safety in interventional radiology

Concern about possible transmission of bloodborne pathogens during medical procedures is growing among patients and healthcare workers alike. This fear has primarily been focused on nosocomial transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but other bloodborne infectious agents may also be transmitted during procedures. Chief among these are the hepatitis viruses, particularly hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), both of which are significantly more widespread than HIV. Although radiology is not traditionally thought of as a field with significant risk for exposure to or transmission of pathogens, the expanding role of interventional procedures in recent years belies that perception. The potential for exposure to blood or other possibly infectious material exists in virtually any invasive radiological procedure, from arteriography to image-guided biopsy. Fortunately, the risk of such exposure is low, and the risk of actual transmission of a bloodborne pathogen, whether from patient to healthcare worker or vice versa, is even lower. Nevertheless, it is important for all radiologists who perform invasive procedures to be aware of these risks and to observe pertinent safety and infection control recommendations. This article will review these topics.
A parallel histogram-based particle filter for object tracking on SIMD-based smart cameras

We present a parallel implementation of a histogram-based particle filter for object tracking on smart cameras based on SIMD processors. We specifically focus on parallel computation of the particle weights and parallel construction of the feature histograms since these are the major bottlenecks in standard implementations of histogram-based particle filters. The proposed algorithm can be applied with any histogram-based feature sets-we show in detail how the parallel particle filter can employ simple color histograms as well as more complex histograms of oriented gradients (HOG). The algorithm was successfully implemented on an SIMD processor and performs robust object tracking at up to 30 frames per second-a performance difficult to achieve even on a modern desktop computer.
“I Want My Children to Know Sudan”: Narrating the Long-Distance Intimacies of Diasporic Politics

Attending to the gendered intimacies of diasporic politics offers rich insights for studies of transnationalism, nationalism, and citizenship. This article focuses on South Sudan and the narrative accounts of thirty U.S.-resettled women collected in the transitional era prior to independence in 2011. Their stories point to the embodied nature of political subjectivity enacted during this time through everyday parental acts in the United States, care for family in South Sudan, and emergent community-based engagement and activism in and between both places. This work extends studies of transnationalism, nationalism, and citizenship by drawing on the productive junctures of feminist political and emotional geographies. It does so first by attending to oft-marginalized and gendered subjects and spaces of politics and, second, by recognizing the intimate and affective scalings through which long-distance political subjects distantly engage with, take responsibility for, and actively remake their home. Here I p...
Polarization in intermediate energy inelastic scattering

The simple relationship between the elastic polarization and elastic cross section derived previously is generalized to include inelastic processes. The resulting data-to-data relations express the inelastic polarization in terms of the corresponding unpolarized scattering distribution and two spin ''lengths'' related to the relative strength and range of the spin orbit to central fundamental amplitudes. The success of these relations in describing inelastic analyzing powers indicates that little new nuclear structure information can easily be obtained from such experiments.
Children as teachers — of peers and ourselves

(1979). Children as teachers — of peers and ourselves. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 18, Communicating with Young Children, pp. 258-266.
Deception by Implication: A Typology of Truthful but Misleading Advertising and Labeling Claims

Abstract The authors develop a new typology of truthful but misleading advertising and labeling claims. Although several typologies of deceptive or misleading advertising appear in the literature, the authors' typology relies on legal cases as well as a diverse set of psychological theories to provide a richer and more comprehensive understanding of why consumers are likely to be misled by a particular type of deception. The goal is to generate a better appreciation of how consumers process various types of potentially misleading information and to explore implications for further research.
Restructuring the Steel Industry in the United States

On a global basis, the steel industry is shrinking and restructuring. In the industrialized world, consisting of the United Stales, Japan, and Western Europe, a total of 100 million tons of steelmaking capacity have been abandoned. Conversely, the Third World is adding steel capacity. Mainland China, South Korea, Taiwan, and Brazil are expanding rapidly. However, the total amount to be added in these countries in the next two years is by no means enough to compensate for the shrinkage in the industrialized world. The restructuring process in Japan, the United States, and Western Europe consists of four steps: 1) steel plant closures 2) mergers of steel companies 3) joint ventures between companies, both domestic and international 4) diversification into non-steel activities. In Japan, the major companies are engaging in joint ventures with some companies in the United States, Indonesia, and Brazil. They are also entering other fields such as electronics and ceramics, In Europe, overall plans have systemat...
Electricity Generation in Microbial Fuel Cells Using Neutral Red as an Electronophore

Neutral red (NR) was utilized as an electron mediator in microbial fuel cells consuming glucose to study both its efficiency during electricity generation and its role in altering anaerobic growth and metabolism of Escherichia coli and Actinobacillus succinogenes. A study of chemical fuel cells in which NADH, NR, and ferricyanide were the electron donor, the electronophore, and the electron acceptor, respectively, showed that electrical current produced from NADH was proportional to the concentration of NADH. Fourfold more current was produced from NADH in chemical fuel cells when NR was the electron mediator than when thionin was the electron mediator. In microbial fuel cells in which E. coli resting cells were used the amount of current produced from glucose when NR was the electron mediator (3.5 mA) was 10-fold more than the amount produced when thionin was the electron mediator (0.4 mA). The amount of electrical energy generated (expressed in joules per mole of substrate) and the amount of current produced from glucose (expressed in milliamperes) in NR-mediated microbial fuel cells containing either E. coli or A. succinogenes were about 10- and 2-fold greater, respectively, when resting cells were used than when growing cells were used. Cell growth was inhibited substantially when these microbial fuel cells were making current, and more oxidized end products were formed under these conditions. When sewage sludge (i.e., a mixed culture of anaerobic bacteria) was used in the fuel cell, stable (for 120 h) and equivalent levels of current were obtained with glucose, as observed in the pure-culture experiments. These results suggest that NR is better than other electron mediators used in microbial fuel cells and that sludge production can be decreased while electricity is produced in fuel cells. Our results are discussed in relation to factors that may improve the relatively low electrical efficiencies (1.2 kJ/mol) obtained with microbial fuel cells.
Micromotion of Cementless Tibial Baseplates Under Physiological Loading Conditions

Initial implant stability is crucial to cementless knee arthroplasty success. The objective of this study was to develop a physiological relevant methodology that incorporates torsion, shear, and compression forces to evaluate two tibial component designs that feature either a keel or cylindrical porous metal pegs. The data were compared with a simplified compression loading scenario. Results show a loading profile that combines compressive, shear, and torsional loads results in significantly larger motions than occur when loading in compression only. When comparing between a keeled and a pegged device, the new method shows significant differences in tibial component subsidence/liftoff at the anterior and posterior locations, which were lacking in the simplified test model. To accurately assess implant stability, studies should use physiological relevant loading.
Tumor Induction in Thymectomized Rats by Murine Sarcoma Virus (Moloney) and Properties of the Induced Virus-free Tumor Cells

SummaryMurine Sarcoma Virus (Moloney) rarely induces tumors in intact newborn rats. When rats were thymectomized at birth and infected within 2-3 days, 30 to 50% of infected thymectomized rats developed tumors. One of the transplantable tumors established in tissue culture is found to be free of infectious virus. It possesses tumor specific antigen as demonstrated by transplantation resistance tests. Furthermore the defective sarcoma viral genome can be rescued either by superinfection of a mixed culture of tumor cells and mouse embryo cells with leukemogenic viruses or by direct super-infection of tumor cells. It is now possible to assay the rescuing-activity quantitatively with given preparation of leukemogenic virus.
The Influence of Job Longevity on Employee Reactions to Task Characteristics

The present study investigated the moderating influence of job longevity and growth-need strength on the relationships between overall job satisfaction and the five task dimensions of skill variety, identity, significance, autonomy, and feedback. Basically, it was found that the strength of the task dimension-job satisfaction relationships are significantly affected by job longevity regardless of age and growth-need strength. More specifically, three separate stages of job longevity are deduced, i.e., a learning, a responsive, and an unresponsive stage. Only during the responsive stage were the satisfaction reactions of employees significantly correlated with all of the task characteristics. Furthermore, satisfaction was related most significantly to the outcomes of performance and turnover during the responsive stage. Individual differences, as measured by growth-need strength, were also investigated within the job longevity framework. Survey data from 3,085 public sector employees belonging to four diff...
Comparison of major complication rates associated with four methods of arterial closure.

1. Gianrossi R, Detrano R, Mulvihill D, Lehmann K, Dubach P, Colombo A, McArthur D, Froelicher V. Exercise-induced ST depression in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease: a meta analysis. Circulation 1989;80:87–98. 2. Okin P, Kligfield P. Heart rate adjustment of ST segment depression and performance of the exercise electrocardiogram: a critical evaluation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;25:1726–1735. 3. Kligfield P, Ameisen O, Okin P. Relation of the exercise ST/HR slope to simple heart rate adjustment of ST segment depression. J Electrocardiol 1987; 20(suppl):135–140. 4. Kligfield P, Ameisen O, Okin PM. Heart rate adjustment of ST segment depression for improved detection of coronary artery disease. Circulation 1989; 79:245–255. 5. Kligfield P, Okin PM. Heart rate adjustment of ST segment depression: is the glass half empty or half full? J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;19:19–20. 6. Detrano R, Salcedo E, Passalacqua M, Friis R. Exercise electrocardiographic variables. A critical appraisal. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986;8:836–847. 7. Lachtermann B, Lehmann K, Detrano R, Neutel J, Froelicher V. Comparison of ST segment/heart rate index to standard ST criteria for analysis of exercise electrocardiogram. Circulation 1990;82:44–50. 8. Quyyumi AA, Raphael MJ, Wright C, Bealing L, Fox KM. Inability of the ST segment/heart rate slope to predict accurately the severity of coronary artery disease. Br Heart J 1984;51:395–398. 9. Balcon R, Brooks N, Layton C. Correlation of heart rate/ST slope and coronary angiographic findings. Br Heart J 1984;52:304–307. 10. Ellestad MH, Crump R, Surber M. The significance of lead strength on ST change during treadmill stress test. J Electrocardiol 1992;25:31–34. 11. Ellestad MH. Stress Testing: Principles and Practice, 4 ed. Philadelphia: FA Davis, 1996:245–259. 12. Malekinapour M, Rodes J, Cote G. Juneau M, Bonan R, Lesperance J, Couturier A, Tardiff JC. Value of exercise electrocardiography in the detection of restenosis after coronary angioplasty in patients with one-vessel disease. Am J Cardiol 1999;84:258–263.
Abundant genetic variability in Drosophila simulans for hybrid female lethality in interspecific crosses to Drosophila melanogaster.

Summary Intrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation is thought to result from the substitution of multiple harmless or beneficial genetic differences between species that are incidentally deleterious when combined in species hybrids, causing hybrid sterility or inviability. Genetic variability for hybrid sterility or inviability phenotypes is, however, rarely assessed in natural populations. Here, we assess variation for Drosophila simulans-encoded maternal factor(s) that cause lethality in D. simulans–Drosophila melanogaster F1 hybrid females. First, we survey genetic variability in the strength of D. simulans-mediated maternal effect hybrid lethality among 37 geographic and laboratory isolates. We find abundant variability in the strength of maternal effect hybrid lethality, ranging from complete lethality to none. Second, we assess maternal effect hybrid lethality for a subset of wild isolates made heterozygous with two so-called hybrid rescue strains. The results suggest that the D. simulans maternal effect hybrid lethality involves a diversity of alleles and/or multiple loci.
SMC proteins and chromosome mechanics: from bacteria to humans

Chromosome cohesion and condensation are essential prerequisites of proper segregation of genomes during mitosis and meiosis, and are supported by two structurally related protein complexes, cohesin and condensin, respectively. At the core of the two complexes lie members of the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) family of ATPases. SMC proteins are also found in most bacterial and archaeal species, implicating the existence of an evolutionarily conserved theme of higher-order chromosome organization and dynamics. SMC dimers adopt a two-armed structure with an ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-like domain at the distal end of each arm. This article reviews recent work on the bacterial and eukaryotic SMC protein complexes, and discusses current understanding of how these uniquely designed protein machines may work at a mechanistic level. It seems most likely that the action of SMC proteins is highly dynamic and plastic, possibly involving a diverse array of intramolecular and intermolecular protein–protein interactions.
Pregnancy outcome in Hispanic patients with unexplained positive triple marker screening for Down syndrome.

Objective : The objective of this study was to compare pregnancy outcomes in Hispanic patients with a positive serum triple marker screen for Down syndrome and normal fetal karyotype with Hispanic women who had a negative triple marker screen. Methods : This prospective investigation involved Hispanic gravidas who underwent maternal serum screening. A power analysis was performed to determine the sample size. Fifty women with false-positive screens for Down syndrome were matched with a control group of 100 women with a negative screen. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results : An adverse pregnancy outcome occurred in 14% of the study group and in 13% of controls. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of preterm labor ( p > 0.5), pre-eclampsia ( p > 0.1), intrauterine growth restriction ( p > 0.5), or fetal demise ( p > 0.5). Conclusion : Hispanic patients with unexplained positive triple marker screen for Down syndrome ...
Targeted Therapeutic Strategies for Fetal Hemoglobin Induction

Increased levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) can ameliorate the severity of the β-hemoglobin disorders, sickle cell disease (SCD) and β-thalassemia, which are major sources of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As a result, there has been a longstanding interest in developing therapeutic approaches for inducing HbF. For more than 3 decades, the majority of HbF inducers developed were based on empiric observations and have had limited success. Recently, human genetic approaches have provided insight into previously unappreciated regulators of the fetal-to-adult hemoglobin switch and HbF silencing, revealing molecular targets to induce HbF. This article reviews these developments and discusses how molecules including BCL11A, KLF1, MYB, SOX6, miRNAs 15a and 16-1, and histone deacetylase 1 and 2 (HDAC1/2) could be important targets for HbF induction in humans. The current understanding of how these molecules function and the benefits and drawbacks of each of these potential therapeutic targets are also examined. The identification of these regulators of HbF expression is extremely promising and suggests that rationally designed approaches targeting the very mechanisms mediating this switching process could lead to better, less toxic, and more effective strategies for HbF induction.
Accuracy of the Finite Element Method

As we have seen in the one-dimensional analysis, the essential idea in the finite element method is to select a finite dimensional subspatial approximation of the true solution and form the following weak boundary problem
Early time evolution of negative ion clouds and electron density depletions produced during electron attachment chemical release experiments

Two-dimensional electrostatic particle-in-cell simulations are used to study the early time evolution of electron depletions and negative ion clouds produced during electron attachment chemical releases in the ionosphere. The simulation model considers the evolution in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field and a three-species plasma that contains electrons, positive ions, and also heavy negative ions that result as a by-product of the electron attachment reaction. The early time evolution (less than the negative ion cyclotron period) of the system shows that a negative charge surplus initially develops outside of the depletion boundary as the heavy negative ions move across the boundary. The electrons are initially restricted from moving into the depletion due to the magnetic field. An inhomogenous electric field develops across the boundary layer due to this charge separation. A highly sheared electron flow velocity develops in the depletion boundary due to E x B and Delta-N x B drifts that result from electron density gradients and this inhomogenous electric field. Structure eventually develops in the depletion boundary layer due to low-frequency electrostatic waves that have growth times shorter than the negative ion cyclotron period. It is proposed that these waves are most likely produced by the electron-ion hybrid instability that results from sufficiently large shears in the electron flow velocity.
Teaching ideas for the commencement of the governmental accounting source

Abstract Many undergraduate accounting students enter their first course in governmental accounting with a negative attitude about the subject. This is due, in part, to the fact that after several courses in “accounting,” the governmental course presents methods and procedures which are quite different and are, therefore, suspect. This paper encourages an approach to the course which can overcome this bias by providing an appropriate context from which to commence the course.
Diversity of arthropods associated with Mikania spp. and Chromolaena odorata (Asterales: Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) in Florida

Summary Field surveys revealed that in south Florida the recently established Mikania micrantha Kunth (Asterales: Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) had a lower diversity of monophagous insect herbivores compared to the native Mikania spp. or Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King & H. Rob. (Asterales: Asteraceae: Eupatorieae). In addition, Mikania micrantha served as a host for pests of agricultural and ornamental crops in Florida.
Customer Satisfaction and Shareholder Value

Abstract In this article, the authors develop a theoretical framework that specifies how customer satisfaction affects future customer behavior and, in turn, the level, timing, and risk of future cash flows. Empirically, they find a positive association between customer satisfaction and shareholder value. They also find significant variation in the association across industries and firms.
Cheshire II: designing a next-generation online catalog

The Cheshire II online catalog system was designed to provide a bridge between the realms of purely bibliographical information and the rapidly expanding full-text and multimedia collections available online. It is based on a number of national and international standards for data description, communication, and interface technology. The system uses a client-server architecture with X window client communication with an SGML-based probabilistic search engine using the 239.50 information retrieval protocol.
Evaporation versus iced peritoneal lavage treatment of heatstroke: comparative efficacy in a canine model.

Abstract The authors compared the speed of cooling and treatment efficacy for evaporative cooling versus iced peritoneal lavage in a canine heatstroke model. Nine random-source, mongrel dogs were anesthetized, shaved, and internally heated until the core temperature reached 43.0°C. The animals were then randomly assigned to be cooled to 37°C either by sterile normal saline (6°C) continuous peritoneal lavage at 250 mL/min (n = 4), or by spraying with tap water (15°C, 12 L/min) before a large fan blowing room temperature air (23°C) across the dog at 0.5 m/sec from a height of 50 cm (n = 5). Temperatures were monitored by thermocouples in both tympanic membranes. Electrocardiogram, blood pressure, and pulse were continuously monitored. Evaporative cooling was as rapid as iced peritoneal lavage (0.18 ± .03 versus 0.17 ± .07°C/min/m 2 , P = NS). All animals survived, although one animal in each treatment group demonstrated a moderate neurologic deficit when measured 48 hours following resuscitation. A simple nonivasive evaporative cooling technique, readlly available in the emergency department, appears to be as rapid and effective as aggressive peritoneal lavage for cooling and treating heatstroke in the dog.
Robust and accurate viscous discretization via upwind scheme – I: Basic principle

Abstract In this paper, we introduce a general principle for constructing robust and accurate viscous discretization, which is applicable to various discretization methods, including finite-volume, residual-distribution, discontinuous-Galerkin, and spectral-volume methods. The principle is based on a hyperbolic model for the viscous term. It is to discretize the hyperbolic system by an advection scheme, and then derive a viscous discretization from the result. A distinguished feature of the proposed principle is that it automatically introduces a damping term into the resulting viscous scheme, which is essential for effective high-frequency error damping and, in some cases, for consistency also. In this paper, we demonstrate the general principle for the diffusion equation on uniform grids in one dimension and unstructured grids in two dimensions, for node/cell-centered finite-volume, residual-distribution, discontinuous-Galerkin, and spectral-volume methods. Numerical results are presented to verify the accuracy of the derived diffusion schemes and to illustrate the importance of the damping term for highly-skewed typical viscous grids.
Using Self-Determination Theory to Understand Motivation Deficits in Schizophrenia: The ‘Why’ of Motivated Behavior

Self-determination theory (SDT) provides a model for understanding motivation deficits in schizophrenia, and recent research has focused on problems with intrinsic motivation. However, SDT emphasizes that motivated behavior results from three different factors: intrinsic motivators (facilitated by needs for autonomy, competency, and relatedness), extrinsic motivators (towards reward or away from punishment), or when intrinsic and extrinsic motivators are absent or thwarted a disconnect-disengagement occurs resulting in behavior driven by boredom or 'passing time'. Using a novel approach to Ecological Momentary Assessment, we assessed the degree to which people with schizophrenia were motivated by these factors relative to healthy control participants. Forty-seven people with and 41 people without schizophrenia were provided with cell phones and were called four times a day for one week. On each call participants were asked about their goals, and about the most important reason motivating each goal. All responses were coded by independent raters (blind to group and hypotheses) on all SDT motivating factors, and ratings were correlated to patient functioning and symptoms. We found that, relative to healthy participants, people with schizophrenia reported goals that were: (1) less motivated by filling autonomy and competency needs, but equivalently motivated by relatedness; (2) less extrinsically rewarding, but equivalently motivated by punishment; (3) more disconnected-disengaged. Higher disconnected-disengaged goals were significantly associated with higher negative symptoms and lower functioning. These findings indicate several important leverage points for behavioral treatments and suggest the need for vigorous psychosocial intervention focusing on autonomy, competence, and reward early in the course of illness.
Determination of Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance of Al-Cu-Mg Alloys by Slow Strain Rate and Alternate Immersion Testing

Abstract Increased artificial aging from the T351 temper to T851 temper is known to increase resistance to stress corrosion cracking (SCO for Al-Cu-Mg alloy 2124. A series of incrementally aged 212...