cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Head morphology and electrosensory pore distribution of carcharhinid and sphyrnid sharks

Selection to maximize electroreceptive search area might have driven evolution of the cephalofoil head morphology of hammerhead sharks (family Sphyrnidae). The enhanced electrosensory hypothesis predicts that the wider head of sphyrnid sharks necessitates a greater number of electrosensory pores to maintain a comparable pore density. Although gross head morphology clearly differs between sphyrnid sharks and their closest relatives the carcharhinids, a quantitative examination is lacking. Head morphology and the distribution of electrosensory pores were compared between a carcharhinid, Carcharhinus plumbeus, and two sphyrnid sharks, Sphyrna lewini and S. tiburo. Both sphyrnids had greater head widths than the carcharhinid, although head surface area and volume did not differ between the three species. The raked head morphology of neonatal S. lewini pups, presumably an adaptation to facilitate parturition, becomes orthogonal to the body axis immediately post-parturition whereas this change is much less dramatic for the other two species. The general pattern of electrosensory pore distribution on the head is conserved across species despite the differences in gross head morphology. Sphyrna lewini has a mean of 3067 ± 158.9 SD pores, S. tiburo has a mean of 2028 ± 96.6 SD pores and C. plumbeus has a mean of 2317 ± 126.3 SD pores and the number of pores remains constant with age. Sphyrnids have a greater number of pores on the ventral surface of the head whereas C. plumbeus has an even distribution on dorsal and ventral surfaces. The greater number of pores distributed on a similar surface area provides S. lewini pups with a higher density of electrosensory pores per unit area compared to C. plumbeus pups. The greater number of ampullae, the higher pore density and the larger sampling area of the head combine to provide hammerhead sharks with a morphologically enhanced electroreceptive capability compared to comparably sized carcharhinids.
Audio-guided audiovisual data segmentation, indexing, and retrieval

While current approaches for video segmentation and indexing are mostly focused on visual information, audio signals may actually play a primary role in video content parsing. In this paper, we present an approach for automatic segmentation, indexing, and retrieval of audiovisual data, based on audio content analysis. The accompanying audio signal of audiovisual data is first segmented and classified into basic types, i.e., speech, music, environmental sound, and silence. This coarse-level segmentation and indexing step is based upon morphological and statistical analysis of several short-term features of the audio signals. Then, environmental sounds are classified into finer classes, such as applause, explosions, bird sounds, etc. This fine-level classification and indexing step is based upon time- frequency analysis of audio signals and the use of the hidden Markov model as the classifier. On top of this archiving scheme, an audiovisual data retrieval system is proposed. Experimental results show that the proposed approach has an accuracy rate higher than 90 percent for the coarse-level classification, and higher than 85 percent for the fine-level classification. Examples of audiovisual data segmentation and retrieval are also provided.
NEW primitive paromomyid from the Clarkforkian of Wyoming and dental eruption in Plesiadapiformes

Clarkforkian late Paleocene freshwater limestone from the Clarks Fork Basin, Wyoming, has yielded four specimens of the plesiadapiform paromomyid, Acidomomys hebeticus gen. et sp. nov. A. hebeticus has a strong metaconid on p4, a small double-rooted p3, and a very diminutive i2. Presence of p3 and i2 is primitive, and their retention in A. hebeticus suggests that this taxon is part of a previously unknown lineage that diverged from other paromomyids by the early or middle Paleocene. Acidomomys hebeticus is represented by virtually complete upper and lower dentitions, all from less than fully mature individuals, with teeth at one of three stages of development. The dental eruption sequence differs from that of other plesiadapiforms in having p3 erupt before p4 (p3 erupts after p4 in microsyopids, and p3 and p4 erupt simultaneously in plesiadapids). A. hebeticus differs from Plesiadapis and primitive primates, in which the premolars erupt after m3 is in place, in having p3/P3 erupt before or at the same time as that of m3/M3. It is similar to Plesiadapis in having p4 erupt after the molars are in place, a condition considered primitive in primates. While these differences in dental eruption sequence between representatives of Paromomyidae, Microsyopidae, and Plesiadapidae could be phylogenetically significant, they may instead reflect adaptive differences in dental morphology, facial architecture, or life history.
Die Bewältigung und Anwendung der Macht in zwischenmenschlichen Beziehungen

Der Grosteil der modernen Organisationstheorie hat sich aus der sozialwissenschaftlichen Erforschung des Verhaltens industrieller Arbeitsgruppen entwickelt. Diese Untersuchungen von Arbeitsgruppen waren in bezug auf Motivation und deren Beziehung zur Produktivitat und Zufriedenheit am Arbeitsplatz auserst aufschlusreich. Im Gegensatz dazu gibt es aber uber die im Mittelpunkt der Machtstruktur in Organisationen stehenden Fuhrungskrafte kaum empirische Untersuchungen. Aus diesem Grund erscheinen die gegenwartigen Organisationstheorien sehr einseitig oder zumindest unvollstandig.
An Integrated Computing Environment for Collaborative, Multi-Disciplinary Building Design

The increasing complexity of the built environment requires that more knowledge and experience be brought to bear on its design, construction and maintenance. The commensurate growth of knowledge in the participating disciplines-architecture, engineering, construction management, facilities management, and others-has tended to diversify each one into many sub-specializations. The resulting fragmentation of the design-built-use process is potentially detrimental to the overall quality of built environment. An efficient system of collaboration between all the specialist participants is needed to offset the effects of fragmentation. It is here that computers, with their ubiquitous presence in all disciplines, can serve as a medium of communication and form the basis of a collaborative, multi-disciplinary design environment. This paper describes the ongoing research on the development of such an integrated computing environment that will provide the basis for design and evaluation tools ranging across the many building-related disciplines. The bulk of the discussion will focus on the problem of a building representation that can be shared by all these disciplines, which, we posit, lies at the core of such an environment. We discuss the criteria that characterize this shared building representation, and present our solution to the problem. The proposed model has been adapted from geometric modeling, and addresses explicitly the difficult problem of generality versus completeness of the represented information. The other components of the integrated environment that are under development are also described. The paper concludes with some implementation details and a brief look at two evaluation tools that use the proposed building representation for their task.
The Firm-Level Real Effects of Bank-Scope Deregulation: Evidence from the Rise of Universal Banking

Are banks of wide scope better intermediaries? Using the variation in bank scope generated by the stepwise repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act in the U.S. and the subsequent rise of universal banking, we provide evidence that economies of scope in concurrent lending and underwriting improve the access to finance for risky ventures of publicly traded companies. Exploiting a bank-level deregulatory shock, as well as detailed data on bank-firm interactions, we identify increases in sales-growth, stock-return, and option-implied volatilities for universal-bank-financed firms. These firms also exhibit lasting increases in total factor productivity of 3 to 4%, echoed by similar findings for increases of 6 to 7% in capital expenditure and 5 to 9% in market capitalization. Our findings suggest that the facilitation of cross-selling of loans and non-loan products through bank-scope deregulation may have led to an increase in the supply of credit for firms making risky, productivity-increasing investments.
Mathematical optimization versus practical performance: A case study based on the maximum entropy criterion in image reconstruction

Practical problems are often translated into problems of mathematical optimization by a process of abstraction, simplification and assumption making which leaves one to wonder whether solving the mathematical optimization problem will help us in any way with our original practical problem. In many fields this is very difficult to evaluate.
Spring, Summer, and Fall Censuses of the Pinnipeds on San Nicolas Island, California

Between May 11, 1949, and April 24, 1950, through the kindness and cooperation of the United States Navy, I was able to make six visits to San Nicolas, the outermost of the islands off the coast of southern California. One of the purposes of these visits was to take censuses of the pinnipeds, and the results of these counts are presented here. All of the species of seals and sea lions known to come ashore regularly in California occur on San Nicolas. The gregarious nature of the seals and sea lions and the marked localization of their hauling grounds made it possible to make a careful on-the-spot count of all the animals hauled out on the island. The location of the hauling grounds was a relatively simple matter. The major ones were known to the naval personnel on the island. On two different occasions it was possible to examine the entire coast of the island from the air. As a final check the whole coast line was visited either by jeep or on foot. The censuses were taken by observation with naked eye, binoculars, or telescope. All possible areas within each hauling ground were examined and this occasionally required crawling directly through the rookeries. To avoid frightening the animals into the water, however, most of the counts were made from distances of 100 to 400 feet. The number of individuals reported represents a minimal number for the island because it was not possible to determine the number of animals at sea while the censuses were being taken. The results of the six censuses are summarized in Table 1 and the situation with regard to each of the species found is discussed briefly below. Because of bad weather and limitations on time, on one of the trips it was not possible to take a complete census of the Zalophus, and on three of the trips it was not possible to take a complete census of the Phoca. I am indebted to the officers and men of the Naval Air Missile Test Center, Point Mugu, California, for their co-operation and assistance, and to William G. Reeder, William R. Dawson, Herbert Caswell, and Yost Amrein for help in taking the censuses.
An Isoperimetric Property of Surfaces with Moveable Boundaries

(1970). An Isoperimetric Property of Surfaces with Moveable Boundaries. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 77, No. 4, pp. 359-362.
Response of Nectariless Cotton Genotypes to Cotton Fleahopper (Heteroptera: Miridae) Infestation

Twelve experimental lines and commercial cultivars of Upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.), were evaluated under conditions of both light and heavy infestation for resistance to the cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter). Eight genotypes were nectariless, one was glabrous, one was pilose, and two were both hirsute and nectaried. At low fleahopper densities established by artificial infestation, only the susceptible control, ‘Lankart LX571’, was adversely affected by presence of fleahoppers. Responses of the 12 genotypes were much more variable when fleahopper densities were high. A pilose genotype and ‘Tamcot CAMD-E’ displayed high levels of resistance to this insect, while the nectariless line 7Ane × 6M exhibited a moderate degree of resistance. The remaining nine nectariless and glabrous genotypes suffered large and significant losses for various yield and earliness components under conditions of heavy fleahopper infestation. Performance of ‘Tamcot CAMD-E’ in the experiment indicates that a system of indirect selection can be used successfully to develop resistance to an insect pest. Results for the nectariless entries emphasize the importance of evaluating a character associated with insect resistance in a variety of genetic backgrounds and at differing infestation levels to gain a more complete understanding of its effectiveness.
AGE AND EDUCATION LEVEL OF CATHOLICS AND POLITICAL ATTITUDES AND RELIGIOUS BELIEFS

While there is evidence that religious beliefs are related to political attitudes, the relative importance of educational level and age has not been clearly established (Jacks, 1972; Nowicki, 1969). As an extension of these earlier works the present study attempted to control for such effects with a sample of 706 "church going" Catholics from the state of Massachusetts. Ss were obtained from eight regions throughout the state and the 10 largest Catholic colleges. Only volunteers 18 or older who were not members of the clergy or religious order were eligible for participation. The questionnaire contained 18 Likert items selected by a panel of three judges. Each of those items offered a six-point choice ranging from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree." Nine statements such as "Church censorship in matters of morality is a necessary guide" were selected so as to represent opinion on a broad variety of religious issues. Nine other statements, such as "Civil rights should be enforced more strongly by the Federal Government," pertained to contemporary topics of general political interest. A conservative-liberal political score and a traditional-progressive religious score were determined from the sum of the nine responses to each topic. Religious belief scores ranged from 20 to 54 (M of 37.8, SD 8.1) while political attitude scores ranged from 15 to 50 (M of 33.8, SD 6.3). Each distribution approximated a unimodal normal shape with a split-half reliability of 0.87 for the Religious Belief scale and 0.83 for the Political Attitude scale. When Pearson rs were determined between the scores, a small positive r of 0.17 ( p < .01) indicated that conservative political attitudes are somewhat related to traditional religious beliefs. A significant positive r of .31 ( p < .01) also occurred between age and conservative political attitudes. On the other hand, significant negative relationships occurred between the number of years of formal education and conservative political attitudes ('P = -.16, p < .01) and traditional religious beliefs ( r = -.25, p < .01). The first-order partial correlation removing the effects of age from the political and religious scores yielded a significant but very small association ( r = .11, p < .01). In the same way, when number of years of formal education were partialled from these scores a lower but positive correlation remained ( r = .14, p < .01) . However, when both age and educational level were controlled, the second-order partial correlation between political and religion scores fell to .01. These results suggest that, while age and education are important contributors to the association between religious and political attitudes, their combined effect is the more critical influence.
Kidney cancer: Rest ASSUREd, much can be learned from adjuvant studies in renal cancer.

The first, highly anticipated randomized trial of adjuvant antiangiogenic therapy in renal cancer was recently reported. Although far from assuring, data from the adjuvant sorafenib or sunitinib for unfavorable renal carcinoma (ASSURE) trial offer a wealth of insights into the disease, treatments, and biological considerations for studies aimed at risk reduction.
Nephrosis in children.

For general practitioners, who handle more than 85 per cent of all pediatric care, Postgraduate Medicine here presents authoritative, up-to-date summaries by specialists in pediatric problems.
Determination of the enhancing action of HSP90 on neuronal nitric oxide synthase by EPR spectroscopy.

Recent studies showed that heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) enhances nitric oxide (NO) synthesis from endothelial and neuronal NO synthase (eNOS and nNOS, respectively). However, these findings were b...
Genetic Testing and Psychology

Genetic advances are changing the practice of medicine in innumerable ways, as genomic medicine is being integrated into many aspects of health care. Psychological factors play a large role in the translation of genetic knowledge into health benefits for individuals and families. Individual factors such as risk perception, distress and distress management, health beliefs, and health behaviors all significantly impact how someone accesses, understands, and acts on information about genetic risk. It is therefore essential that in this age of genomic medicine, attention is also given to the psychological factors that affect individuals and families with concerns about hereditary predispositions to illness.
Neuromodulation for Post-Stroke Aphasia

Aphasia is a prominent sequela of stroke that affects the language centres and negatively impacts the quality of daily living of stroke survivors. Speech and language therapy (SLT) still stands as the only therapy modality with robust evidence, but in the past three decades, many studies have reported the potential utility of neuromodulation to enhance the effects of SLT. Through the application of either non-invasive or invasive magnetic or electrical stimulation or neuro-active pharmaceutical agents, neuromodulation induces alteration of neuronal activity. In this paper, we provide a focused review of key studies investigating the use of neuromodulation techniques, namely transcranial magnetic and direct current stimulation, to map speech and language function and enhance speech recovery after stroke. Neuromodulation, on its own or combined with other modalities, such as pharmacotherapy or SLT, holds a lot of promise in the management of aphasia. Neuromodulation treatment protocols need to be better understood and optimized and validated by adequately powered, randomized, double-blind clinical trials.
St. Louis Rising: The French Regime of Louis St. Ange de Bellerive. By Carl J. Ekberg and Sharon K. Person

St. Louis Rising: The French Regime of Louis St. Ange de Bellerive . By Carl J. Ekberg and Sharon K. Person. (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2015. xv + 328 pp. Illustrations, maps, tables, appendices, notes, index. $95.00, cloth; $29.00, paper.) The field of French colonial history or the history of French North America has been gaining an increasing amount of attention, whether we measure that increase in books and articles or graduate student interest. Recent books confirm that the study of the French and native worlds of mid-America is rich and bursting with fresh content and perspectives that ought to compel us to rethink the tiresome Anglocentric limitations of our approaches and texts. Colonial and western historians: allez ! St. Louis Rising is a monograph that works on several levels and makes many distinct contributions. (It is also a handsomely … jay.gitlin{at}yale.edu
A method for measuring the position of discharging billet in heating furnace based on image recognition

According to the characteristics of the noise of discharging billet, method based on scale product using wavelet transform for denoising is introduced in this thesis. Then evaluation criteria based on edge detection which evaluates the quality of image denoising is proposed, according to the requirements of captured pictures in the thesis. With the position of slab changing in image, gray of edge is changing. So it is unsuitable to detect edge by the fixed threshold value. Therefore, in order to improve image contrast between slab edge and background, image enhancement based on wavelet transform is adopted. Then, the slab edge is detected by Canny operator. After that using Hough transform extract complete and smooth edges of slab. In image, the size of slab is known. Taking advantage of reconstructed image, the relationship of pixel and actual size is assured. At last we can calculate the real position of the slab in reheating furnace.
Carbon nanotube nanocomposite-modified paper electrodes for supercapacitor applications

This paper describes the evaluation of carbon paper electrodes for supercapacitor applications. The electrodes are based on carbon micro-fiber paper modified with active material consisting of layers of silver nano-particulate ink and a nanocomposite of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and silver nano-particulate ink. The electrodes were characterized microscopically and electrically. Current–voltage studies revealed a consistent Ohmic behavior of the electrode when modified with different nanostructured active material. Among the active materials incorporated into the electrode, a nanocomposite of carbon nanotubes and silver nano-particulate ink significantly improved capacitance. The paper electrodes can be used for lightweight and ultrathin supercapacitors and other portable energy applications.
Total syntheses of both enantiomers of amphirionin 4: A chemoenzymatic based strategy for functionalized tetrahydrofurans.

Abstract The total syntheses of (−)-amphirionin-4 and (+)-amphirionin-4 have been achieved in a convergent and enantioselective manner. The tetrahydrofuranol cores of amphirionin-4 were constructed in optically active form by enzymatic resolution of racemic cis-3-hydroxy-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one. The polyene side chain was efficiently synthesized using Stille coupling. The remote C8-stereocenter was constructed using the Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi coupling reaction. Detailed 1H NMR studies of Mosher esters of (−)-amphirionin-4 and (+)-amphirionin-4 were carried out to support the assignment of the absolute configurations of the C-4 and C-8 asymmetric centers of amphirionin-4.
Locally Static Spin Interaction in Rotating Samples

Nuclear spin interactions H transforming as second-rank tensors in spatial coordinates q have the property. that they may be replaced by \( \frac{1}{3}T{r_q}H \) if the (otherwise static) specimen is rotated about the “magic axis” at a rate \( {\omega _r} \gg \left\| H \right\|/ \).If H is locally static (meaning, approximately, inhomogeneous), the NMR spectrum splits into a sharp spectrum given by \( {\omega _r} < \left\| H \right\|/ \) and an array of side-spectra spaced by ω r even if \( {\omega _r} < \left\| H \right\|/\hbar \). This effect can be understood as a “rotational echo” phenomenon. The envelopes of the resolved sidebands yield the principal tensor elements of H, through either a moment analysis or explicit calculation of the rotational spin echo.
Assessing Reading Ability for Psychological Testing in Forensic Assessments: An Investigation with the WRAT-4 and MMPI-2-RF

ABSTRACTThis study examined the association between two measures of WRAT-4 reading ability—Word Reading and Sentence Comprehension—and two well-validated measures of inconsistent responding—MMPI-2-RF Variable Response Inconsistency (VRIN-r) and True Response Inconsistency (TRIN-r) among 136 forensic inpatients (90 men, 46 women). It was hypothesized that WRAT-4 Sentence Comprehension would demonstrate stronger associations with VRIN-r than WRAT-4 Word Reading. It was also hypothesized that there may be a minimal association between Sentence Comprehension and TRIN-r. Although WRAT-4 Word Reading was not significantly correlated with VRIN-r (rs = −.17, p = .07) or TRIN-r (rs = −.10, p = .31), Sentence Comprehension was significantly correlated with VRIN-r (rs = −.27, p = .01). A hierarchical regression predicting VRIN-r scores indicated that WRAT-4 Sentence Comprehension significantly accounted for an additional 5.4% of the variance in VRIN-r scores after accounting for self-reported education level and Wor...
0407 Respiratory irritant exposures during cleaning and disinfecting in home care: preliminary results from the safe home care study

Objectives While there is evidence of asthma and other respiratory illness among workers performing cleaning and disinfecting (C and D) of environmental surfaces in healthcare and in residential and institutional settings, quantitative measurements of C and D exposures are limited. Previously, we found that 80% of home care (HC) aide visits to clients’ homes involve C and D; commonly-used C and D products contain bleach, a respiratory irritant. Objectives of this study were to measure quantitatively airborne exposures generated during C and D tasks performed by HC aides using a bleach-containing product. The work reported here is part of a larger evaluation of exposures and respiratory effects of a range of C and D products and practices and their efficacy in reducing pathogens in HC. Methods A bathroom was constructed in a laboratory according to home building construction specifications. Twenty HC aides were recruited from employer agencies to perform C and D tasks for 20 min sessions in the bathroom following typical HC practices using a C and D spray product containing bleach (1%–5% by weight sodium hypochlorite). Aides wore a vest holding a direct-reading instrument to measure chlorine breathing-zone concentrations as they performed C and D on tub/shower, toilet, and sink. Results Maximum chlorine concentrations generated during the 20 min sessions ranged from 0.35ppm to 3.40ppm. The tub/shower C and D task produced the highest exposures. The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration ceiling limit for chlorine is 1 ppm; nearly 70% of the aides conducted a C and D session exceeding this value. Conclusions C and D in HC using a product containing bleach can produce over-exposure to chlorine, a respiratory irritant.
Shedding Light on Theophostic Ministry 1: Practice Issues:

Theophostic Ministry (TPM), a “Christian Counseling Ministry” developed by Ed Smith (1997, 2000), is reviewed and critiqued regarding practice issues that emerge from its use. According to Smith, t...
Corrigendum and follow-up: Whole genome sequencing of multiple CRISPR-edited mouse lines suggests no excess mutations.

Our previous publication suggested CRISPR-Cas9 editing at the zygotic stage might unexpectedly introduce a multitude of subtle but unintended mutations, an interpretation that not surprisingly raised numerous questions. The key issue is that since parental lines were not available, might the reported variants have been inherited? To expand upon the limited available whole genome data on whether CRISPR-edited mice show more genetic variation, whole-genome sequencing was performed on two other mouse lines that had undergone a CRISPR-editing procedure. Again, parents were not available for either the Capn5 nor Fblim1 CRISPR-edited mouse lines, so strain controls were examined. Additionally, we also include verification of variants detected in the initial mouse line. Taken together, these whole-genome-sequencing-level results support the idea that in specific cases, CRISPR-Cas9 editing can precisely edit the genome at the organismal level and may not introduce numerous, unintended, off-target mutations.
The Immune Regulation of Intestinal Helminthiases

Intestinal helminthiases represent collectively the most prevalent parasitic infection of humankind. In developing countries, where nearly 75% of the global population lives, between one-third and one-half of the residents carry one or more intestinal parasitic worms; children born in endemic areas are likely to acquire these infections early and remain infected for the rest of their lives. The impact of these parasites on the health of their hosts covers the entire spectrum from negligible to catastrophic; therefore, there is a dearth of reliable information on the actual medical and financial burden caused by these infections. There is, however, little doubt that the combined morbidity resulting from intestinal worms represents a major obstacle to the full social and economic development of many tropical nations, and that the elimination of intestinal parasitoses would be a desirable goal.
Development and Evolution of Aquatic Larval Feeding Mechanisms

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the development and evolution of feeding mechanisms in aquatic larval vertebrates, such as fishes and amphibians. Fish larva is the immature life-history stage that differs morphologically from the juvenile and adult. The time between hatching and metamorphosis may range from a few days in tropical fish species, to a few weeks or months in most temperate fishes, to years in the eel Anguilla. In amphibians, the larval stage begins at hatching, when an embryo escapes from its egg capsule. Larvae are morphologically distinct from adults and are not reproductive. Fish larvae undergo trophic ontogeny as their diet changes markedly with growth. Four types of nutrient acquisitions are recognized in fish larvae: endogenous, absorptive, mixed, and exogenous. For the embryos of oviparous and ovoviviparous fishes, yolk platelets and oil globules serve as the primary source of nutrition. Many marine invertebrate larvae are capable of supplementing their nutrition by the uptake of dissolved organic matter (DOM) via transepidermal transport. Mixed feeding refers to any combination of endogenous, absorptive, and exogenous feeding, and occurs as concurrent endogenous and exogenous feeding during the time between first exogenous feeding and complete resorption of the yolk sac.
What Good is Another Paper on the Good? No Codes and Dr. Pellegrino

It is startling — and refreshing beyond measure — to find in Edmund Pellegrino’s paper a discussion of codes and goods in which (a) there is no dependence upon the ordinary/extraordinary distinction; (b) the author unabashedly places biomedical good at the bottom of the hierarchy of goods; and (c) the by now wearisome debate over autonomy and paternalism is dispatched with the assertion that both camps are fueled by the same commitment, the good of the patient. However vehement the debate may become over meanings of “the good of the patient,” it is a welcome advance not only to recognize that a concern for patient good is behind both positions, but to engage in a patient analysis of this “most ancient” principle and the “vexing ethical dilemmas” it engenders ([3], p. 117) — knowing well that few topics are greeted with greater impatience than those that are ancient but still vexing.
Full Restart Speeds Learning.

Because many real-world problems can be represented and solved as constraint satisfaction problems, the development of effective, efficient constraint solvers is important. A solver's success depends greatly upon the heuristics chosen to guide the process; some heuristics perform well on one class of problems, but are less successful on another. ACE is a constraint solver that learns to customize a mixture of heuristics to solve a class of problems. The work described here accelerates that learning by setting higher performance standards. ACE now recognizes when its current learning attempt is not promising, abandons the responsible training problems, and restarts the entire learning process. This paper describes how such full restart (of the learning process rather than of an individual problem) demands careful evaluation if it is to provide effective learning and robust testing performance.
Patterns of wave break during ventricular fibrillation in isolated swine right ventricle

Several different patterns of wave break have been described by mapping of the tissue surface during fibrillation. However, it is not clear whether these surface patterns are caused by multiple dis...
Crystal structure of dilithium potassium citrate, Li2KC6H5O7 determined from powder diffraction data and DFT calculations.

The crystal structure of poly[μ-citrato-dilithium(I)potassium(I)], [Li2K(C6H5O7)]n, has been solved and refined using laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional techniques. The citrate anion triply chelates to the K+ cation through the hydroxyl group, the central carboxyl­ate, and the terminal carboxyl­ate. The KO7 coordination polyhedra share edges, forming chains parallel to the a axis. These chains share edges with one tetra­hedral Li ion, and are bridged by edge-sharing pairs of the second tetra­hedral Li ion, forming layers parallel to the ac plane.
UP-02.060 Combined Robotic Lobectomy and Adrenalectomy for Lung Cancer and Solitary Adrenal Metastasis

Background and Objectives: Surgical resection of isolated adrenal metastasis in primary lung cancer is associated with improved survival. We report a combined robotic lobectomy and adrenalectomy for resection of a primary lung cancer and metastasis to the adrenal gland. Methods: A 69-year-old male with a significant smoking history and shortness of breath was found to have a 3-cm left upper lobe mass with an enlarged left adrenal gland measuring 1.5cm. The adrenal gland was biopsied confirming metastatic poorly differentiated carcinoma, likely lung cancer. Computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and mediastinoscopy revealed no evidence of disease outside the adrenal gland. Results: Following induction chemotherapy, the patient underwent combination robotic lobectomy, lymphadenectomy, and adrenalectomy while in the same lateral decubitus position. Thoracic and urologic oncology teams performed their respective portions of the operation. Overall operative time was 4 hours, and length of hospital stay was 3 days. Estimated blood loss was 150mL with no narcotic requirements beyond the first postoperative day. Final pathology revealed large cell carcinoma of the lung with metastasis to the adrenal. All surgical margins were negative. Conclusions: Combination robotic lobectomy and adrenalectomy is feasible and can be associated with a short convalescence, minimal pain, and an oncologically sound approach.
Purification of native Arp2/3 complex from bovine thymus.

The Arp2/3 complex is an actin filament nucleator involved in cell motility and vesicle trafficking. Owing to the role the complex plays in important and fundamental cell biological processes, the purified complex is used in biochemical assays, reconstituted motility assays and structural biology. As this is a eukaryotic complex assembled from seven polypeptides, the complex is purified from eukaryotic sources. Described here is a detailed method for purification of the complex from a mammalian tissue, bovine thymus.
Long-term device survival and quality of life outcomes following artificial urinary sphincter placement

Background: Artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) placement is the standard for treatment of severe male stress urinary incontinence (SUI). While there is evidence to suggest satisfactory device survival, there is a paucity of data addressing long-term quality of life outcomes. Methods: We identified patients who underwent primary AUS placement from 1983 to 2016. We assessed rates of secondary surgery (overall, device infection/erosion, urethral atrophy, malfunction) and factors associated with these endpoints. Quality of life was evaluated by pad usage and Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) at various time points from primary surgery. Follow-up was obtained in clinic or by phoned/mailed correspondence. Results: During the study time frame, 1,154 patients were eligible and included in the analysis. Patients had a median age of 70 years (IQR, 65–75 years) and median follow up of 5.4 years (IQR, 1.6–10.5 years). Overall device survival was 72% at 5 years, 56% at 10 years, 41% at 15 years, and 33% at 20 years. On univariate analysis, variables associated with need for secondary surgery were prior cryotherapy (HR 2.7; 95% CI, 1.6–4.6; P 10 years out from surgery, respectively, reported using a security pad or less per day, 78% and 81% of those patients, respectively, reported their PGI-I as at least “much better”. Conclusions: AUS placement has excellent long-term outcomes, and is associated with sustained improvement in patient quality of life.
The Forest as Contested Landscape in Barbara Kingsolver’s Prodigal Summer

Barbara Kingsolver’s novel, Prodigal Summer, portrays conflicting perspectives on forest use and suggests that understanding and integrating different points of view can lead to more nuanced, susta...
Chapter 4 – Megaloblastic Anemia

Publisher Summary In more than 95% of cases, megaloblastic anemia is as a result of folate and vitamin B12 deficiency. Megaloblastic anemias are characterized by the presence of megaloblasts in the bone marrow and macrocytes in the blood. Megaloblastic anemia may also result from rare inborn errors of metabolism of folate or vitamin B12. In addition, deficiencies of ascorbic acid, tocopherol and thiamine may be related to megaloblastic anemia. The causes of megaloblastosis are also highlighted in this chapter. The age of presentation helps to focus on the most likely diagnosis. This chapter lists out disorders that give rise to megaloblastic anemia in early life and their likely age at presentation. Later, the chapter also illustrates treatment strategies for both vitamin B12 and folate deficiency.
Long-Term Outcomes of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant with Fludarabine and Melphalan Conditioning and Tacrolimus/Sirolimus as Graft-versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis in Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is associated with poor survival in older adults, and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) with reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) has been an increasingly used strategy in this population. At City of Hope we conducted a retrospective analysis of 72 patients who underwent allogeneic HCT with fludarabine and melphalan (FluMel) as the conditioning regimen between 2005 and 2018, from either a matched sibling or fully matched unrelated donor while in complete remission. Tacrolimus and sirolimus (T/S) were used as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. Overall survival and progression-free survival at 4 years post-HCT were 58% and 44%, respectively. The cumulative incidences of relapse/progression and nonrelapse mortality at 4 years were 34% and 22%, respectively. Patients with Philadelphia chromosome–positive (Ph+) ALL had a significantly lower cumulative incidence of relapse/progression (20% versus 48% for patients with Ph-negative status, P = .007). In conclusion, RIC HCT with FluMel conditioning and T/S GVHD prophylaxis was associated with favorable outcomes in patients with Ph+ ALL and should be considered as a viable consolidative therapy for adult patients with ALL.
Milestone Approach to Designing a Point-of-Care Ultrasound Curriculum for Transition-to-Residency Programs in the United States.

Phenomenon: Point-of-care ultrasound is fast becoming standard clinical bedside practice for diverse specialties. Medical schools are responding by adding ultrasound education, though the majority ...
Unique factorization of ideals in commutative rings with zero divisors

“Unique factorization” was central to the initial development of ideal theory. We update this topic with several new results concerning notions of “unique ideal factorization rings” with zero divis...
Retailer Dynamic Pricing and Ordering Decisions: Category Management versus Brand-by-Brand Approaches

Abstract This paper provides a framework for retailer pricing and ordering decisions in a dynamic category management setting. In this regard, the key contributions of this paper are as follows. First, we develop a multi-brand ordering and pricing model that endogenizes retailer forward buying and maximizes profitability for the category. The model considers (i) manufacturer trade deals to retailers, (ii) ordering costs incurred by the retailer, (iii) retailer forward buying behavior, and (iv) both own- and cross-price effects of all the brands in the category. Second, we use this model to compare differences in ordering and pricing decisions, and in profits, resulting from using a category management versus a brand-by-brand management approach. Our approach allows us to derive implications in a dynamic setting about the impact of interdependence among the brands upon decisions on pass-through of trade deals and retailer order quantity. We show that category management results in noticeably higher profits versus brand-by-brand and cost-plus (markup) approaches. Further, our results suggest an interaction between a brand's own-price effect and its cross-price effect emerges. If the cross-price effect for a brand is low – that is, the brand takes away relatively few sales from the other brands – the retail pass-through should increase with that brand's own-price effect. On the other hand, when the cross-price effect is high, the retail pass-through decreases with the brand's own-price effect.
Meta-analysis of growth and mortality rates of net cultured sea scallops across the Northwest Atlantic

Abstract Scallops are one of the most heavily traded and widely consumed seafood in the world and the vast majority of production comes from aquaculture. In 2018, the global value of scallop aquaculture was over $5.8 billion USD with farms producing nearly three times the biomass as the entirety of the wild harvest. North American (specifically U.S. and Canadian) scallop aquaculture lags far behind the rest of the world. The U.S. is home to a valuable Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) fishery. Yet demand for scallops far outstrips supply and the U.S. imports an almost equal amount, by value, of farmed scallop products. To capitalize on this trade imbalance, U.S. and Canadian aquaculturists have been developing a farmed sea scallop (hereafter scallop) industry, employing the Japanese practices of suspended net culture and the sale of whole and “roe-on” products. We examined the combined effects of culture method and environment on scallop shell growth and mortality. We compiled all published net cultured scallop shell growth and mortality rates recorded in the last 45 years in the Northwest Atlantic. Using generalized additive models (GAMs), we identified significant nonlinear interactions between growth, mortality, environmental conditions, and culture methods applicable from Maine, USA to Newfoundland, Canada. Optimum shell growth occurs within a temperature window of 10–15 °C. Growth is higher in pearl nets than in lantern nets, and is also highly sensitive to stocking density, which has large implications for farm sizes and thinning practices. Maximum mortality occurs at the highest temperatures in our dataset (~17 °C), while stocking density is only a significant predictor of product loss at high densities. Scallops are also more susceptible to mortality at shell heights under 25 mm. Both mortality rates and shell height growth rates were lower in the late spring and early summer after accounting for temperature effects. Careful temperature based site selection and proactive low density stocking can mitigate the effects of intraspecific competition and reduce handling related mortality. Identifying lease sites that provide both optimal environmental conditions and adequate space for low density net culture will be an important step in expanding scallop aquaculture in the Northwest Atlantic.
Synchronization Strings: Codes for Insertions and Deletions Approaching the Singleton Bound

We introduce synchronization strings, which provide a novel way to efficiently deal with synchronization errors, i.e., insertions and deletions. Synchronization errors are strictly more general and...
Aortic Stenosis and Coronary Artery Disease: Cost of Transcatheter versus Surgical Management.

Abstract Background Surgical aortic valve replacement with coronary artery bypass grafting (SAVR+CABG) is the recommended treatment for aortic stenosis (AS) and coronary artery disease (CAD), however percutaneous coronary intervention at the time of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR+PCI) is used with increasing frequency. Methods Using the National Inpatient Sample, we identified all adult admissions with a diagnosis of AS. Sub-groups of SAVR+CABG and TAVR+PCI formed the study group. Outcomes of interest included total hospitalization charges, temporal trends, in-hospital mortality, and complications. Results Between 2012 and 2017, a total of 97,955 (95.9%) admissions received SAVR+CABG, and 4240 (4.1%) received TAVR+PCI; the proportion of TAVR+PCI increased from 1.0% in 2012 to 9.2% in 2017 (p Conclusions There has been a steady increase in the utilization of percutaneous strategies for AS and CAD management. In-hospital mortality was comparable in SAVR+CABG and TAVR+PCI groups, but despite shorter in-hospital stays, TAVR+PCI was associated with higher cardiac and vascular complication rates and hospitalization charges.
Understanding the impacts of user- and marketer- generated content on free digital content consumption

Abstract The literature has shown that user-generated content (UGC) and marketer-generated content (MGC) simultaneously influence consumers' decision-making process. Yet it is unclear how UGC and MGC jointly affect the overall market reaction, when digital content is freely available to all consumers. To fill the gap, we integrate the UGC and MGC literature and research of determinants of physical exercise to develop a comprehensive conceptual model. Using a dataset collected from a leading online fitness brand, we find that both UGC and MGC affect a free fitness video's incremental view count. We further categorize UGC into three dimensions, where favorability represents the normative dimension, various textual features represent the informational dimension, and reply-density of the self-organized reviewer community represents the social dimension. While both normative and social UGC are positively associated with online fitness videos' view count increase, the impact of informational UGC is insignificant. More importantly, product features, such as exercise intensity, moderate the impacts of UGC and MGC on free digital content consumption. When facing strenuous exercises, the consumer group relies more on peer users and less on marketers to make their content consumption decisions. The findings provide insightful implications to understand how consumers decide their engagement with free digital content delivered via social media channels.