cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Delamination Resistance of Stitched Thermoplastic Matrix Composite Laminates

This paper shows how to improve delamination resistance in composite laminates by the use of thermoplastic matrix resins and by stitching. Discussed are fatigue crack growth characteristics in thermoplastic matrix composites as well as the differences between the crack growth processes in thermoplastic and thermosetting matrix composites under cyclic fatigue and monotonically increasing loads. Further improvement of delamination resistance achieved by stitching shows a 20 to 30% increase in the critical crack-opening load, a 20 times higher fatigue threshold, and a two-orders-of-magnitude increase in fatigue life. Fractography evidence is presented to illustrate the role of the stitching yarns in resisting delamination. A fracture model was constructed to simulate delamination crack propagation in the presence of stitching yarns. The effects of geometric stitching parameters, as well as intrinsic and extrinsic yarn properties, were simulated with this fracture model. Finally, practical issues on the effective and economical application of stitching to composite structures are discussed.
Engineered Enzymes and Bioinspired Catalysts for Energy Conversion

Metalloenzymes play critical roles in the environment by catalyzing redox reactions in biogeochemical cycles. The elucidation of structure–function relationships in these biocatalysts has provided a foundation for the development of bioinspired catalysts for fuel production and small-molecule activation. In this Perspective, we highlight developments in engineered biomolecular and bioinspired catalysts for the reduction of H+, O2, and CO2 and for the oxidation of H2 and H2O. The roles of proton transfers and second-sphere interactions in particular are highlighted.
Suffering, stereotypes, and psychosis: the representation of Jewish femininity in Crazy Ex-Girlfriend

Despite its progressive discussion of mental health, gender, and politics, Crazy Ex-Girlfriend has a complicated relationship with Jewishness. Through Naomi Bunch and Audra Levine, the series endor...
Keynote: Technology directions for a bright semiconductor future

Various sources have been talking about the demise of Moore’s Law for a surprising number of years. Yet, semiconductor technology continues to process forward. TSMC will go over our vision of the bright future of the semiconductor industry, which now advances on multiple axes.
XMeter: Finding Approximable Functions and Predicting Their Accuracy

Approximate computing has significant potential to improve the efficiency of a computing system. Numerous techniques have been proposed in literature. Virtually, all of them require programmers to either experiment with every instance of a specific type of code region exhaustively to find approximable code regions or annotate such regions manually. Both approaches are error-prone and can lead to missed opportunities. Therefore, we propose XMeter to automatically find and quantify approximable code regions. XMeter, first, analyzes the application code statically using a novel algorithm based on memory location updates. Also, XMeter provides a deep learning-based predictor to predict the accuracy of the application when different code regions are approximated. Our proposed scheme does not require the programmer to experiment exhaustively for all possible error rates and types of approximation techniques. Moreover, the scheme does not require any domain knowledge and is not specific to any approximation technique. Therefore, it is general enough to be applicable for any approximation technique. We developed XMeter using LLVM and experimented with 10 applications. We analyzed 43 approximable functions and found 21 to be highly tolerant of errors. We validated our results using 4 well-known approximation techniques and showed that XMeter can predict an application’s accuracy accurately.
Mediastinal fluid as a predictor for esophageal perforation as the cause of pneumomediastinum

Pneumomediastinum is not an uncommon finding on emergency CTs and is seen in a variety of settings, including acute trauma, recent repeated emesis and recent thoracic surgery, and after EGD (Kouritas et al. J Thorac Dis 7(Suppl 1):S44–S49, 2015). The purpose of this study was to examine cases of CT pneumomediastinum for distinguishing features which could support or exclude esophageal injury as a cause, which in turn could help guide evaluation of these patients. CT chest scans showing pneumomediastinum performed in the emergency department between January 2013 and December 2018 were included. The presence or absence of fluid within the mediastinal compartments was correlated with esophageal perforation and subdivided into the clinical scenarios of trauma, suspected Boerhaave’s syndrome, recent surgery or EGD, and other. Accuracy of this finding was compared with fluoroscopic esophagography. Twenty-two cases of esophageal perforation were identified out of a total of 324 included cases. The cases were subdivided into four categories: trauma, suspected Boerhaave syndrome, suspected iatrogenic perforation from recent procedure or surgery, and other. Two hundred fourteen cases of pneumomediastinum occurred in the setting of trauma, and 2 had esophageal perforation. Both showed mediastinal fluid. Twenty-two cases had mediastinal fluid without perforation. Seventeen cases of pneumomediastinum occurred in the setting of suspected Boerhaaves, and 3 had esophageal perforation. Every case with esophageal perforation had mediastinal fluid, and every case without perforation had no mediastinal fluid. Nine cases of pneumomediastinum occurred in the setting of suspected iatrogenic perforation after recent surgery or procedure. Six cases had esophageal perforation, and 5 of these had mediastinal fluid. All three cases without perforation also had mediastinal fluid. Eighty-six cases were classified as other and included a variety of clinical histories. This category contained 8 esophageal perforations, 7 of which had mediastinal fluid. One case of mediastinal fluid was not associated with esophageal perforation in this category. The presence of mediastinal fluid, specifically within the visceral compartment, strongly suggests esophageal injury, and its absence strongly argues against it. An important caveat is in the setting of recent surgery, in which mediastinal fluid can be seen normally. An esophagography study can supplement the evaluation if there is a discrepancy between the clinical suspicion and the original CT findings.
Approach to Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Abnormal uterine bleeding is relatively common and can be attributed to a broad spectrum of etiologies, including both benign and life-threatening causes. This teaching script aims to provide learners with an organized approach to the diagnosis and initial management of abnormal uterine bleeding with a particular emphasis on relevant anatomy.
Analysis of Fatigue Indicator Parameters for Ti-6Al-4V microstructures using extreme value statistics in the HCF regime

Abstract Fatigue Indicator Parameters (FIPs) have been introduced to serve as surrogate measures of driving force to form and grow fatigue cracks. With Ti-6Al-4V, we consider that transgranular cracks may form along slip bands due to irreversible cyclic plasticity or disruption of phase boundaries impinged by dislocation pile-up under mean stress. FIPs that capture these mechanisms are examined over several microstructure and loading conditions in the High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) regime. The peaks-over-threshold approach determines extreme FIP values and rank-orders fatigue behavior of microstructures. It is shown that fatigue crack formation is dominated by alpha-phase grains in the HCF regime.
Performance, health, and physiological responses of newly received feedlot cattle supplemented with pre- and probiotic ingredients.

Abstract Nutritional strategies that optimize immunity of feedlot cattle are warranted due to increasing regulations with the use of feed-grade antimicrobials. This study evaluated physiological, health, and performance responses of cattle receiving a synbiotic supplement (yeast-derived prebiotic + Bacillus subtilis probiotic), which replaced feed-grade antimicrobials or were fed in conjunction with monensin during the initial 45 days in the feedlot. Angus-influenced steers (n = 256) were acquired from an auction facility on day −2, and transported (800 km) to the feedlot. Shrunk BW was recorded upon arrival (day −1). Steers were allocated to 1 of 18 pens (day 0), and pens were assigned to receive (n = 6/treatment) a free-choice diet containing: (1) monensin and tylosin (RT; 360 mg/steer daily from Rumensin and 90 mg/steer daily from Tylan; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN, USA), (2) yeast-derived ingredient and B. subtilis probiotic (CC; 18 g/steer daily of Celmanax and 28 g/steer daily of Certillus; Church and Dwight Co., Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA), or (3) monensin in addition to yeast-derived and B. subtilis ingredients (RCC) as in RT and CC. Steers were assessed for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and DMI daily. Steer BW was recorded on days 45 and 46, and averaged for final BW. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 7, 17, 31, and 45. Feed intake was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in CC vs. RCC and RT during the initial 3 weeks upon feedlot arrival. No treatment differences were noted (P ≥ 0.41) for average daily gain, BW, and feed efficiency. Incidence of BRD did not differ (P = 0.77) between treatments (average 80.1%). A greater proportion (P ≤ 0.03) of RT steers diagnosed with BRD required a second antimicrobial treatment compared with CC and RCC (57.3, 37.3, and 38.6%, respectively). Removal of steers from the trial due to severe morbidity + mortality was greater (P = 0.02) in RT vs. CC (22.4 and 7.0%), and did not differ (P ≥ 0.16) among RCC (12.9%) vs. RT and CC. Plasma glucose concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.02) in CC vs. RCC and RT on day 7. Plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids were greater (P ≤ 0.02) in RT and RCC vs. CC on day 7, and in RT vs. CC on day 17. Steers receiving the synbiotic supplement had improved response to BRD treatment, suggesting heightened immunocompetence from partially enhanced metabolism and the nutraceutical effects of B. subtilis and yeast compounds.
Treatment outcomes of cohesin complex-mutant myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia.

e19007Background: Mutations in the genes STAG1, STAG2, SMC1A, SMC3, and RAD21 which are part of the cohesin complex are recurrent in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. The cohesin...
Dual Functional Immunostimulatory Polymeric Prodrug Carrier with Pendent Indoximod for Enhanced Cancer Immunochemotherapy

Immunotherapy based on checkpoint blockade has been regarded as one of the most promising approaches towards many types of cancers. However, low response rate hinders their application due to insufficient tumor immunogenicity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. To achieve an overall enhanced therapeutic outcome, we developed a dual-functional immuno-stimulatory polymeric prodrug carrier modified with pendent indoximod, an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor, which can be used to reverse immune suppression, for co-delivery of Doxorubicin (Dox), a hydrophobic anticancer agent that can promote immunogenic cell death (ICD) and elicit antitumor immunity. The resulted carrier denoted as POEG-b-PVBIND, consisting of poly (oligo (ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (POEG) hydrophilic blocks and indoximod conjugated hydrophobic blocks, is rationally designed to improve immunotherapy by synergistically modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME). Our data showed that ICD-triggered Dox promoted intra-tumoral infiltration of CD8+ T cells and IFN-γ-production by CD8+ T cells. Meanwhile, cleaved indoximod significantly increased CD8+ T cell infiltration while reducing the immunosuppressive T regulatory cells (Tregs). More importantly, Dox/POEG-b-PVBIND micelles led to significantly improved tumor regression in an orthotopic murine breast cancer model compared to both Dox-loaded inert micelle carrier (POEG-b-PVB micelle) and POEG-b-PVBIND micelles alone, confirming synergistic effect of indoximod and Dox in improving the overall antitumor activity.
Cell-surface tethered promiscuous biotinylators enable small-scale surface proteomics of human exosomes

Abstract Characterization of cell surface proteome differences between cancer and healthy cells is a valuable approach for the identification of novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets. However, selective sampling of surface proteins for proteomics requires large samples (>10e7 cells) and long labeling times. These limitations preclude analysis of material-limited biological samples or the capture of rapid surface proteomic changes. Here, we present two labeling approaches to tether exogenous peroxidases (APEX2 and HRP) directly to cells, enabling rapid, small-scale cell surface biotinylation without the need to engineer cells. We used a novel lipidated DNA-tethered APEX2 (DNA-APEX2), which upon addition to cells promoted cell agnostic membrane-proximal labeling. Alternatively, we employed horseradish peroxidase (HRP) fused to the glycan binding domain of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-HRP). This approach yielded a rapid and commercially inexpensive means to directly label cells containing common N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and sialic acid glycans on their surface. The facile WGA-HRP method permitted high surface coverage of cellular samples and enabled the first comparative surface proteome characterization of cells and cell-derived exosomes, leading to the robust quantification of 1,020 cell and exosome surface proteins. We identified a newly-recognized subset of exosome-enriched markers, as well as proteins that are uniquely upregulated on Myc oncogene-transformed prostate cancer exosomes. These two cell-tethered enzyme surface biotinylation approaches are highly advantageous for rapidly and directly labeling surface proteins across a range of material-limited sample types.
A Green Man

alter, and are all, at present, resident in the United Kingdom. But here, I think, the similarities end. There is no easy generaUzation to make about a "Symposium" that includes work by poets Uving, and writing, in North East Scotland, Bolton, Devon, Newcastle upon Tyne, Cambridge, North ern Ireland, Manchester, and West Wales. Their areas for concern vary, as do their environments?another reason for interaction, and a strong indi cation of the differing energies in British poetry. The job as editor was, as it usually is, a combination of pleasure and frustration, but I hope the result will prove worthwhile to the reader, as it has been to those taking part, in whatever capacity. I must thank Jon Silkin for his considerable support, and, finally, I would Uke to thank aU the eight for their willing cooperation and efficiency, which occasionally straightened my own erratic course.
Inhibition of lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis by adenosine analogs. Biochemical studies concerning mechanism of action.

A number of adenosine (Ado) analogs have been found to inhibit lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis (LMC) in vitro at μM concentrations. Those analogs which are substrates for adenosine deaminase were more inhibitory to LMC in the presence of erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine, an inhibitor of the deaminase. The inhibitory activity of most of these analogs (the exceptions being 2′-deoxyadenosine, 9-β-d-arabinofuranosyladenine and 7-deazaadenosine) was markedly enchanced by an inhibitor (Ro 20-1724) of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. With the exceptions of 2-fluoroadenosine, 7-deazaadenosine and formycin A, the inhibition of LMC caused by the Ado analogs was fully reversible upon removal of the analogs from the medium. In general, the Ado analogs did not cause a reduction in the pool sizes of endogenous ribonucleoside 5′-triphosphates in the lymphocytes. Some inhibitory and non-inhibitory analogs were metabolized to their corresponding 5′-triphosphates. Lymphocytes pretreated with a reversible inhibitor of LMC, 2-aminoadenosine, retained most of the resultant 2-amino-ATP during subsequent incubation in analog-free medium. Most of the Ado analogs which were inhibitory to LMC caused a substantial elevation of lymphocyte cyclic AMP; the magnitude of this elevation was enhanced by Ro 20-1724. Collectively, these results suggest that Ado and many of its structural analogs inhibit LMC by reason of their ability to stimulate the formation and consequent build-up of cyclic AMP in the cytotoxic lymphocytes. This stimulation of adenylate cyclase appears to result from the binding of an appropriate nucleoside to an adenosine receptor located on the membrane of the lymphocytes.
Morbidity and complications of radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection

Abstract The findings in a series of 101 consecutive radical hysterectomies performed by one surgeon are reported. There were no operative deaths. A morbidity of 50 per cent was noted. Much of the morbidity was minor and of brief duration as indicated by a short average period of hospitalization. Phlebitis with pulmonary emboli represented the most common potentially lethal complication. Postoperative fistulas occurred in 5 of the 29 patients operated on for recurrent carcinomas following complete radiation therapy and in none of the 72 patients who had primary operations, for an overall incidence of 5 per cent. Peritonealization of the bladder base, lower ureters, and rectum; primary vaginal vault closure; and the use of catheter suction drainage are considered to have been significant factors in diminishing the incidence of serious postoperative complications. Unless the surgeon is prepared to carry out a much more extensive operation than the Wertheim hysterectomy, he should not attempt surgical treatment for carcinoma of the cervix.
A population founded by a single pair of individuals: Establishment, expansion, and evolution

Events occurring at the founding of a population, and in the next few generations, are potentially of great importance for the future evolution of the population. This study reports demographic, genetic, and morphological changes that took place during and after the colonization of the small Galapagos island of Daphne Major by three male and two female large ground finches, Geospiza magnirostris, at the end of 1982. Using assignment tests with microsatellite DNA data we demonstrate heterogeneity among the immigrants. Their sources included both a near island (Santa Cruz) and a far island (Marchena). However, almost all immigrants that stayed to breed were from an intermediate island (Santiago) and its satellites. Song may have been responsible for this selectivity. Mean heterozygosity stayed roughly constant over the next 15 years while allelic diversity almost doubled, after an initial decline, as the breeding population increased to a maximum of 30 pairs. Although close inbreeding occurred, with a reduction in heterozygosity, an expected net decline in heterozygosity did not occur, for two reasons: it was counteracted by continuing gene flow from immigrants at a low rate, and inbred birds (in one cohort) were at a selective disadvantage. An abrupt step-function shift in beak shape occurred after 9 years. Thus the study provides evidence of drift and selection causing morphological and genetic divergence in the establishment of a new population and in the first few generations.
Dermatological Complications of Diabetes Mellitus; Allergy to Insulin and Oral Agents

Long-standing diabetes and/or lack of tight glucose control over time may result in the development of complications affecting many organ systems including the skin. Due to the metabolic nature of the skin, fluctuations in glucose and insulin levels may result in skin changes. In many patients, the first presentation of diabetes may be in the form of skin changes. Therefore, recognition of skin manifestations of diabetes mellitus is an important aspect of the physical examination. Most cutaneous manifestations of diabetes are attributed either to chronic degenerative changes or to metabolic derangement.
Fluorescence of a highly collimated atomic cesium beam: theory and experiment

We describe our system for producing a dense well collimated atomic cesium beam. Our motivation for constructing this system is to perform high resolution laser induced spectroscopy. The two stage oven system consists of a nozzle and reservoir. An array of stainless steel capillary tubes forms the exit port of the nozzle. Additional collimation of the atomic beam is achieved with a stack of microscope cover slips and spacers, giving a maximum beam divergence of 13.6 mrad. The heterodyne beat note between two diode lasers provides the frequency calibration for high resolution fluorescence spectra. Fluorescence spectra with high signal to noise ratio are accurately described by a simple theoretical model that gives a residual Doppler width of 2.3(1) MHz in agreement with the geometrical constraints of the collimator.
Reactivation of rheumatic fever by smallpox vaccination.

Summary 1. Six cases of reactivation of rheumatic fever following smallpox vaccination have been presented. 2. The possibility that this reactivation was due to the vaccination has been discussed.
Carcinogenesis Tests of Nickel Arsenides, Nickel Antimonide, and Nickel Telluride in Rats

Carcinogenicity of nickel arsenides (NiAs, Ni11As8, Ni5As2, NiAsS), nickel antimonide (NiSb), and nickel telluride (NiTe) was tested by IM administration to male Fischer rats (14 mg Ni/rat). Three negative control groups received similar IM injections of glycerol vehicle, ferronickel alloy (NiFe), or nickel titanate (NiTiO3); two positive control groups received nickel oxide (NiO) or ferronickel sulfide (Ni4FeS4) at equivalent dosages (14 mg Ni/rat). Within 2 years, the incidences of sarcomas at the injection site were: 0120 (0%) in NiAs-treated rats, 8/16 (50%) in Ni11As8-treated rats; 17/20 (85%) in Ni5As2-treated rats; 14/16 (85%) in NiAsS-treated rats; 17/29 (59%) in NiSb-treated rats; and 14/26 (54%) in NiTe-treated rats. No local sarcomas occurred in the negative control groups, including 40 glycerol-treated rats, 16 NiFe-treated rats, and 20 NiTiO3-treated rats; in the positive control groups, local sarcomas occurred in 14/15 (93%) of NiO-treated rats and 15/15 (100%) of Ni4FeS4-treated rats. The 9...
Spectroscopic properties of tryptophan and bacteria

Fluorescence spectra of tryptophan and bacteria were measured at different concentrations using a Mediscience CD-Scan unit. The emission spectra of tryptophan were obtained using an excitation wavelength at 280 nm. The excitation spectra were obtained at the emission of 340 nm. The minimum detectable concentration of tryptophan was found to be 10-8 M. The emission spectra for bacteria were probed at 340 nm. The minimum detectable number of bacteria in a beam of the excitation light was determined to be about 30. Assuming that the emission band at 340 nm of bacteria comes from tryptophan, the number of tryptophan per bacterium was estimated to be 108. This approach to determine the number is almost consistent with that obtained using a weight method.
THE 518‐mμ ABSORBANCE CHANGE AND ITS RELATION TO THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PROCESS

— A study of the 518-mμ light-induced absorbance change in green cells and a comparison with photosynthetic O2 evolution were made. The effect of various chemical agents was also investigated. On the one hand, no antagonistic two-light effect was observed on the absorbance change, and DCMU had only a partial inhibitory effect on it. On the other hand, it was possible to observe in some cases an indirect kinetic relationship between O2 evolution and 518-mμ change. It is suggested that probably at least two substances absorb around 518-mμ, one (XI) belonging to system I and another (XII) to system II. The existence and the function of XI are hypothetical and the identity of XII with the first photoproduct of system II is yet not well established.
Expression cloning of human EGF receptor complementary DNA: gene amplification and three related messenger RNA products in A431 cells

In order to further define the mechanisms by which polypeptide growth factors regulate gene transcription and cellular growth, expression cloning techniques were used to select human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor complementary DNA clones. The EGF 3' coding domain shows striking homology to the transforming gene product of avian erythroblastosis virus (v-erbB). Over-expression of EGF receptors in A431 cell lines correlates with increased EGF receptor mRNA levels and amplification (up to 110 times) of the apparently singular EGF receptor gene. There appear to be three cytoplasmic polyadenylated RNA products of EGF receptor gene expression in A431 cells, one of which contains only 5' (EGF binding domain) sequences and is postulated to encode the secreted EGF receptor-related protein.
Urban Density and Pathology: A Review of Research

This paper reviews research on the association between urban density and indicators of health and social pathology. Much of the research concerns the effects of a real and indwelling densities on rates of mortality, morbidity, crime, and admissions to mental hospitals. Also included is a brief, selective review of research on the effects of high room density on social behavior. The methodological difficulties of relying on summary statistics for large population aggregates are examined as well as the inadequacies of archival measures of pathology. It is concluded that aggregate urban density has little effect on pathology, independent of socioeconomic variables. Applications of the concepts of behavioral circuit and behavior setting to research on urban density are suggested.
Antigenic variants of measles virus.

Since its first isolation in 1954, measles has been considered to be an antigenically stable virus1,2, a view supported by numerous epidemiological studies demonstrating that a single exposure to measles confers life-long immunity on the infected host3. The basis for protection against recurrent infection is thought to be the production of polyclonal neutralizing antibodies that recognize a virus existing in only one, invariant antigenic form. Indeed, comparison of several independent isolates of measles virus for biological parameters such as cytopathic effect (CPE), host range and haemagglutination has supported the view that variation in measles virus is uncommon4,5. However, there has been no evaluation of variation at the molecular level by rigorous biochemical analysis of measles virus strains and of their structural proteins. We report here the isolation and characterization of spontaneously arising antigenic variants of measles by immunoselection, using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies directed against antigenic determinants of the Edmonston measles haemagglutinin protein. One of these variants has been shown to be antigenically similar to a low-passage ‘street’ virus isolate of measles, which suggests possible antigenic variation outside the laboratory.
Formation of the Y1∗ (1616) and Y1∗ (1700) in KL0p interactions☆

Abstract The recently discovered Y1∗ (1616) and Y1∗ (1700) resonances have been observed in the formation reactions KL0p→Λπ+ and KL0p→Λπ+π0. The mass values observed are in agreement with previous experiments but the widths are narrower.
Gynecomastia and Mastoplasia in Graves' Disease

Abstract Gynecomastia is a common complication of Graves' Disease, with an incidence of 37.5 per cent in the male hyperthyroid. In a series of 40 males with hyperthyroidism, 15 patients were found to have Graves' Disease, gynecomastia, and elevated long acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) levels. An unusual case of mastoplasia in a female with Graves' Disease and high levels of LATS is reported. LATS may play a role in the etiology of breast enlargement in Graves' Disease, as its presence correlates better than other factors reported earlier.
Syntheses, Structures, and Photochemistry of Manganese Nitrosyls Derived from Designed Schiff Base Ligands: Potential NO Donors That Can Be Activated by Near-Infrared Light

Two manganese nitrosyls, namely, [Mn(SBPy3)(NO)](ClO4)2 (1) and [Mn(SBPy2Q)(NO)](ClO4)2 (2), have been synthesized by using designed pentadentate Schiff base ligands N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine-N-ethyl-2-pyridine-2-aldimine (SBPy3) and N,N-bis(2-pyridyl methyl)amine-N-ethyl-2-quinoline-2-aldimine (SBPy2Q). Reaction of NO(g) with [Mn(SBPy3)(MeOH)](ClO4)2 and [Mn(SBPy2Q)(EtOH)](ClO4)2 in MeCN affords 1 and 2, respectively, in good yields. Narrow-width peaks in the 1H NMR spectra and strong νNO at 1773 cm−1 (of 1) and 1759 cm−1 (of 2) confirm a strongly coupled {low-spin Mn(II)-NO•}formulation for both these {Mn-NO}6 nitrosyls. In MeCN, 1 exhibits two strong absorption bands with λmax at 500 and 720 nm. These bands red shift to 550 and 785 nm in case of 2 because of substitution of the pyridyl-imine moiety of SBPy3 with quinolyl-imine moiety in the SBPy2Q ligand frame. Exposure of solutions 1 and 2 to near-infrared (NIR) light (780 nm, 5 mW) results in rapid bleaching of the orange and fuchsia solutions, a...
Universal optical multi-drop bus for heterogeneous memory architecture

Emerging non-volatile memory device technologies such as flash, FRAM, and PCM are changing the traditional main memory architecture consisting of DRAM. New architecture-level and OS-level refinements with these memory devices have been proposed. However, in practice, modern high performance processors have difficulties in adding attachment points for new memory interfaces, since the number of off-chip pins are limited due to packaging constraints, and many pins are already in use for existing functions such as SMP links, IO links, and power supplies. In this paper, by taking advantage of optics with multi-drop topology, we propose a novel high-bandwidth low-power memory bus architecture that can connect different memory devices at the same time with a single attachment point on the processor chip. The prototyped 75-Gbps optical multi-drop bus platform can organize DDR2 and DDR3 SDRAM DIMMs on the single bus, and can be attached to a processor with industry-standard 12-ch 250-μm-pitch parallel optical fibers.
Resonant transmission in an H-shaped nanostructure

Abstract Coherent quantum-ballistic transmission through an H-shaped nanostructure, with one mode in each lead, is investigated by an analytical description, for two cases. The transmission and reflection resonances, quasi-classical transit times, and dwell times are obtained. The calculated dwell times entail that when the electron states are all occupied through the resonance energy range then the total charge within the structure, for each of the two spin states, is that of one electron — corresponding to the quasi-level state associated with the resonance. These results partially verify and partially contravene the applicability of a previously proposed model S-matrix for nanostructure resonances.
The temperature difference between a microorganism and a liquid medium during microwave heating

One current explanation for research findings of enhanced microbial kill under microwave heating is that of selective absorption of microwave energy within the organism. In the present study, the temperature difference between a microorganism and its surrounding liquid medium were studied using well-established heat transfer principles. Results of the analysis show that because of the microscopic size of bacteria, the surface area to volume ratios of these organisms are extremely high, resulting in rapid heat loss to the surrounding environment. Thus the microorganisms have to possess extremely high dielectric loss factors to maintain even small temperature differences. the energy absorption difference required for a 1°C difference between microorganism and medium is presented for a range of conditions.
The Kinetics of the Absorption and Desorption of Single Ions by Keratin Fibers

Rates of absorption, desorption, and exchange of both cation and anion by hair in Na2SO4 solutions have been measured using a radioactive tracer technique. These are compared with results obtained previously using alkali halides, Na2 SO4 and H2SO4.
Hepatic and extrahepatic metabolism, in vitro, of an epoxide (8-14C-styrene oxide) in the rabbit☆

Abstract Two epoxide-metabolizing enzymes, glutathione- S -epoxide transferase and epoxide hydrase, were studied in subcellular fractions of rabbit liver, lungs, intestinal mucosa and kidney. Glutathione- S -epoxide transferase in soluble fraction was assayed by a new specific radiochemical method using styrene oxide (−8- 14 C) as substrate, and some properties of this enzyme are described. Liver had the highest specific activity of each enzyme, but there was no correlation between the relative specific activities of glutathione- S -epoxide transferase and epoxide hydrase in the extrahepatic organs. Feeding rabbits a purified diet did not alter the specific activities of epoxide hydrase or glutathione- S -epoxide transferase in liver and intestine. Rat and guinea pig had much higher specific activities of glutathione- S -epoxide transferase than rabbit in liver and kidney, and slightly higher specific activities in lung and intestine. Species did not differ markedly in epoxide hydrase activities when the same organ (liver, lung, intestine or kidney) was compared in rabbits, rats and guinea pigs, except that rat intestine had much lower epoxide hydrase activity than intestine from rabbit or guinea pig.
Optical fiber harsh environment sensors

Various optical fiber harsh environment sensors were reported, including the miniaturized inline Fabry-Perot interferometer sensor by femtosecond laser micromachining, the long period fiber grating sensor and the inline core-cladding mode interferometer by CO 2 laser irradiations.
Ultrasonic studies of saturation and relaxation in 3HeB

Using NMR-like methods, we studied the saturation of the sound absorption near a collective mode attenuation peak in 3HeB, its linewidth, and the recovery of the superfluid from the saturated state. This recovery appears to take place in a two stage process.
Scheduling on a single processor with variable speed

In this paper a single machine scheduling problem with varying processing times is considered. The scheduling objectives are makespan, total flow time, and sum of deviations of jobs completion times from a common due date. Polynomial time algorithms for optimal solutions of the problems are given.
Sensitization to the locomotor stimulant effect of cocaine modifies the binding of [3H]MK-801 to brain regions and spinal cord of the mouse.

Abstract The effects of chronic administration of cocaine and its subsequent withdrawal on the binding of [ 3 H]MK-801, an antagonist of the N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptor, to brain regions and spinal cord of the mouse was determined. Chronic administration of cocaine (10 mg/kg, SC) twice a day for 7 days sensitized male Swiss-Weber mice to its locomotor activity, as evidenced by a greater locomotor activity in comparison with vehicle-injected controls. In nonwithdrawing mice, the binding of [ 3 H]MK-801 was increased in the cerebellum and spinal cord but was decreased in the cortex and hypothalamus. On the other hand, during withdrawal from cocaine, a significant decrease in the binding of [ 3 H]MK-801 was observed only in the cortex, but the changes in the cerebellum, spinal cord and hypothalamus were normalized. It is concluded that, in the mouse, sensitization to the locomotor activating action of cocaine is associated with differential changes in the NMDA receptors of the central nervous system.
Reduction Of Edge Position Uncertainty On Computed Tomographic (CT) Scans

The perception of edges on computed tomographic (CT) scans appears easy but in fact is difficult. Such perception is important because it is necessary to make quantitative determinations. Diagnosis of such entities as spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal with encroachment on spinal cord and nerve roots) hinges upon an accurate knowledge of cross-sectional areas.
Let there be light and broadband internet: You will have a happier life, I bet.

Home users are in need for broadband communications access, globally. Broadband over power-lines transmission has advanced throughout the last decade, and it is going to be a mature last-mile access in near future. Meanwhile, indoor optical wireless communications (optical WiFi) through lighting LEDs has been investigated, recently. It is shown that a combination of these two techniques provides an efficient way of fulfilling the premise of broadband access for home networking, while providing efficient and low-cost lighting.
A vaccine candidate for eastern equine encephalitis virus based on IRES-mediated attenuation

To develop an effective vaccine against eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), we engineered a recombinant EEE virus (EEEV) that was attenuated and capable of replicating only in vertebrate cells, an important safety feature for live vaccines against mosquito-borne viruses. The subgenomic promoter was inactivated with 13 synonymous mutations and expression of the EEEV structural proteins was placed under the control of an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) derived from encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). We tested this vaccine candidate for virulence, viremia and efficacy in the murine model. A single subcutaneous immunization with 104 infectious units protected 100% of mice against intraperitoneal challenge with a highly virulent North American EEEV strain. None of the mice developed any signs of disease or viremia after immunization or following challenge. Our findings suggest that the IRES-based attenuation approach can be used to develop a safe and effective vaccine against EEE and other alphaviral diseases.
Activation of the C−N Bond in Nitromethane by Palladium α-Diimine Complexes

The reaction of glyoxal-derived α-diimines with palladium acetates in nitromethane leads to cleavage of the C−N bond in nitromethane, to give palladium nitro complexes in which the α-diimine ligand has been methylated.
Design and Test of a Simulation Model of Tomato Growth and Yield in a Greenhouse

A deterministic model of the growth of greenhouse tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), written in Pascal computer language, was developed based on a leaf assimilation model, a respiration theory, and a theory that the photosynthesis rate is controlled by both environmental conditions and leaf carbohydrate level. The model was applied to estimate the effect of carbon dioxide enrichment on tomato fruit yield, and tested with data obtained from two experiments conducted in College Station, Texas, U.S.A. in 1983 through 1984. Tomatoes were grown at 340, 700, and 1000ppm (on a volume basis) of carbon dioxide (CO2) in three 2×2×10m translucent chambers inside a double-layered, polyethylene greenhouse.The measured values of the CO2 assimilation rate and the dry mass accumulation rate of tomatoes were consistently higher than the calculated ones, but the prediction of the fruit growth and yield were rather accurate. The potential use of the model is in predicting the effects of environmental factors, or in estimating the effect of a new climate control method under a variety of environmental conditions. It could possibly also be a subroutine in an integrated greenhouse model, which predicts growth and yield of the crop in the greenhouse as well as the energy, water, and CO2 requirements, all from the environmental conditions outside.
Cover Picture: Beyond TPPTS: New Approaches to the Development of Efficient Palladium‐Catalyzed Aqueous‐Phase Cross‐Coupling Reactions (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 8/2006)

The cover picture shows Little River Falls in the Little River Canyon National Preserve in Northeastern Alabama. Water is the solvent of life, and increasingly, water is being applied as a solvent in organic synthesis. Shown going over the falls are typical substrates for palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and their products collected in the pool below the falls. New hydrophilic phosphane architectures, such as those shown, are discussed in the Microreview by K. H. Shaughnessy on p. 1827 ff. These new classes of hydrophilic ligands provide palladium catalysts that can activate a wide variety of organohalide substrates under very mild conditions.
AN IMPROVED ASSAY FOR IDENTIFICATION of TYPE A CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM USING the POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify a 1340-bp fragment from the toxigenic Clostridium botulinum type A chromosome. Two oligonucleotide primers were synthesized to bracket the sequence coding for most of the type A toxin light chain (1340-bp in size). the PCR amplified a 1340-bp fragment from the DNA of all eleven C. botulinum type A strains tested. In contrast, no DNA fragments were amplified from C. botulinum types B, E, and F or from the other Clostridial chromosomal DNA examined. the products amplifed from botulinal type A strains were digested to produce fragments of the size predicted from the known location of the Hind dIII sites within the toxin gene sequence. When used as a DNA probe, the 1340-bp PCR generated fragment from type A C. botulinum strain 73A hybridized to the PCR products from all 11 type A botulinal strains and to type A thromosomal DNA preparations.
Estrogen increases retrograde labeling of motoneurons: evidence of a nongenomic mechanism

Estrogen has a variety of neurotrophic effects mediated via different signaling cascades, including ERK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways. In this study, we investigated effects of ...
The Effect of Copper upon the Activity of Bacteria Associated with Swiss Cheese Manufacture

Summary Data have been presented which demonstrate that bacteria associated with Swiss cheese manufacture vary considerably in their behavior toward copper. Copper had no pronounced effect upon the growth and acid production by S. thermophilus and three species of homofermentative lactobacilli. Conversely, copper increased the lag phase and decreased the growth rate of the three P. shermanii cultures. A similar lag in volatile acid and CO2 production was observed. These effects were roughly proportional to the copper concentration in the growth medium. Although copper depressed the rate of growth, volatile acid and C02 production after 13 days were approximately equal for all levels of copper studied. Copper did not alter the ratio of acetic to propionic in the volatile acid fraction. Preliminary evidence indicated that high levels of copper (18.0ppm.) in Swiss-type cheese exerted an unfavorable influence on the course of ripening, whereas a normal and satisfactory ripening occurred in cheeses containing 0 to 0.5 and 7.5 to 8.0ppm. copper.
Off-axis alignment of an LDA-probe and the effect of astigmatism on measurements

A theoretical analysis of the positional accuracy of an LDA measurement volume using an off-axis alignment of a probe relative to an internal flow has been carried out. General performance parameters of measurements with a 1D-probe with an off-axis alignment are derived. In particular, the change in the fringe spacing, the relationship between the shift of the measurement volume and the probe movement, and the general 2-dimensional traversing properties of the measurement volume are considered. The displacement between the two LDA measurement volumes of a 2D-probe caused by astigmatism has been determined from exact calculations of the laser beam transmission. The benefits of a water-filled prism to ensure the coincidence of the measurement volumes and to reduce the effect of astigmatism on the data rate and the distortion of the measurement volume has been shown. A calculation procedure for the use of such a prism is given.
Assessing health quality--the case for tracers.

Abstract A set of specific health problems — called tracers — were selected by a set of criteria. The tracers include otitis media and associated hearing loss, visual disorders, iron-deficiency ane...
7Li MR measures of blood lithium—correlation with chemical analysis data

Lithium is used in the treatment and prophylaxis of manic-depressive illness. A narrow therapeutic range of lithium (0.4-1.2 meq/l) requires constant monitoring of these levels to avoid neurotoxicity and overdose. It is general practice to measure plasma lithium levels as a guide to monitor the therapy. Efforts to predict the concentration of Li at its active sites in the brain have led to the use of red blood cells (RBCs) because they are similar to neuronal cells. Thus RBC lithium is a very relevant clinical parameter for monitoring therapy and to observe the changes at intracellular levels under varying treatment conditions. A measure of both plasma and RBC lithium may be of significant value to physicians and researchers as lithium profile for RBCs correlate more closely with the brain lithium than plasma lithium. Although methods to measure lithium in blood such as atomic absorption or flame photometry exist, a complete quantitation of both plasma and RBC lithium requires a tedious physical separation of the two components prior to chemical analysis. On the other hand, lithium MR technique, via the use of shift reagents, can provide both plasma and RBC lithium in a single study. Here we have performed a correlation study of lithium results obtained from MR with the vitros dry-slide method on blood samples from rats treated with lithium. The results show a high degree of correlation between the two methods. Additionally, the MR measurements made on dilute samples of blood indicate that small blood samples with lithium concentration in the neighborhood of 0.08 meq/l can be measured with high accuracy and reproducibility needed for clinical purposes.
An AR-Skp2 pathway for proliferation of androgen-dependent prostate-cancer cells

Androgen-androgen-receptor (androgen-AR) signaling in normal prostate epithelium promotes terminal luminal epithelial cell differentiation. In androgen-dependent prostate-cancer cells, androgen-AR signaling gains the ability to promote both differentiation and proliferation. How this signaling promotes proliferation of androgen-dependent prostate-cancer cells and its relationship with the differentiation-promoting functions of the AR are important issues regarding the biology of androgen-dependent prostate-cancer cells. Herein, we report the identification of an AR-Skp2 pathway in prostate-cancer cells that depend on the AR for proliferation; in this pathway, AR is a robust upstream regulator of Skp2 through blocking the D-box-dependent degradation of this protein, and Skp2, in turn, serves as an essential downstream effector of AR in promoting proliferation independently of the differentiation-promoting function of AR. These results provide new knowledge on how AR functions in androgen-dependent prostate-cancer cells and identify strategies to specifically target the proliferation-promoting function of AR without compromising cancer-cell differentiation.