cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antidepressant use in the European union: perceived indications and patterns.

I prescribed antidepressants for depression often discontinue treatment prematurely or are only partially adherent (1), representing two major barriers to achieving successful outcomes. Most research on antidepressant treatment patterns has focused on major depression. To the best of our knowledge, patterns of use among individuals with other perceived treatment targets have not been investigated in community settings. This study used data from the Eurobarometer 2010 survey to examine such patterns of antidepressant use (2). The survey was conducted in February and March 2010 and included 27,304 individuals age 15 years and older in the 27 European Union countries. Random sampling methods and weighting ensured demographically representative samples in each country. The survey ascertained any antidepressant use, reasons for use, and patterns of use. Of the 1,960 participants who reported having used antidepressants in the past year and responded to relevant questions, 1,826 (93.7%) reported using antidepressants for depression, anxiety, chronic pain, or to enhance performance. Participants could choose more than one reason. Of the 1,826 participants, 893 (52.4%) reported using antidepressants regularly for at least four weeks, 185 (10.6%) regularly for less than four weeks, and 748 (37.1%) from time to time. The analyses found statistically significant differences in patterns of use by reason for use (design-based F518.52, df54 and 7,217, p,.001). As Figure 1 shows, individuals with more than one reason for use and those with depression were most likely to report regular use for four weeks or longer (65.7% and 63.3%, respectively); whereas only a minority of those citing performance enhancement reported regular use (18.0%). The percentages with anxiety and chronic pain reporting regular use for four weeks or longer fell in the middle—34.7% and 45.8%, respectively. Occasional use of antidepressants is a common phenomenon; however, antidepressant trials have mainly assessed efficacy and effectiveness of these medications when they are used continuously. The effectiveness of occasional use, especially among individuals with anxiety disorders and chronic pain, should be investigated.
Challenges in framing women's rights as human rights at the domestic level: A case study of NGOs in the post-Soviet countries

Abstract This case study examines framing as an essential communication strategy used by women's rights NGOs at international and domestic levels. The article uses a theoretical framework of transnational advocacy networks, originally developed by political scientists Keck and Sikkink (1998) , to demonstrate the importance of public relations’ efforts in political communication campaigns of women's rights NGOs around the world. Supported by the United Nations, these NGOs play an important role in democracy building and contribute to women's empowerment efforts. However, an examination of communication strategies used by these NGOs to help implement the Platform for Action—the UN-promoted agenda for women's empowerment—showed that the existing frame of women's rights as human rights may not be successful in all contexts. This study argues that at the domestic level the issue of women's rights needs to be presented in greater detail than the current human rights frame allows it to be.
Cognitive Emotion Regulation: Insights From Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

Recent developments in the study of cognitive emotion regulation illustrate how functional imaging is extending behavioral analyses. Imaging studies have contributed to the development of a multilevel model of emotion regulation that describes the interactions between neural systems implicated in emotion generation and those implicated in emotional control. In this article, we review imaging studies of one type of cognitive emotion regulation: reappraisal. We show how imaging studies have contributed to the construction of this model, illustrate the interplay of psychological theory and neuroscience data in its development, and describe how this model can be used as the basis for future basic and translational research.
An object-oriented software development framework for autonomous decentralized systems

Developing software for distributed computing systems is challenging, due to lack of good software development methodologies for distributed computing systems. It is very important to develop reliable, adaptable and expandable application software for distributed computing systems. Autonomous decentralized systems (ADS) is a distributed computing system with online expandability, online maintainability and fault tolerance capability. A framework for developing ADS application software is presented. Our framework consists of object oriented requirements analysis, system design, implementation, allocation, verification and maintenance. It is based on the object oriented computation model developed for ADS application software development which supports online expandability and online modifiability. CASE environments for ADS software development are also discussed. >
Bayesian analysis of a reduced-form air quality model.

Numerical air quality models are being used for assessing emission control strategies for improving ambient pollution levels across the globe. This paper applies probabilistic modeling to evaluate ...
Unique determination of solutions to the Burnett equations

Recent success in applying the Burnett equations to the one-dimensional shock-structure problem has raised the issue of whether the full Burnett equations can be used replace the Navier-Stokes equations for solving boundary-value problems in rarefied gasdynamics. As is familiar from the classical rarefied gasdynamics literature, the Burnett equations, if not solved as a successive approximation to the Navier-Stokes equations for a small Knudsen number, would require more boundary conditions than those in the Navier-Stokes system, owing to the presence of the higher-order derivatives. In this paper, this issue is examined with concrete solution examples for the steady Couette flows, addressing specifically whether solutions to the full Burnett equations can be uniquely determined without adding more boundary conditions than those in the Navier-Stokes system. The analysis, supported by detailed numerical solutions, confirms that additional boundary conditions are needed as long as the Knudsen number is not identically zero, lest the solution to the Burnett equations is not unique.
Adults sexually abused as children: Legal actions and Issues

This article first briefly discusses the problem of delayed memories and long-term effects of child sexual abuse and the current trend to bring civil lawsuits or criminal prosecutions for childhood sexual abuse. The article addresses the primary obstacle to such actions--the statute of limitations--which in most states places a time limit on when legal actions can be commenced. It describes the purpose of the statute of limitations and the need for changing or extending it in child sexual abuse cases; it then summarizes and analyzes the methods used by state legislation and judicial decisions to change or extend the statute of limitations in both criminal and civil actions. The article examines the pros and cons of bringing legal actions for child sexual abuse many years later, and concludes with a discussion regarding the current debate about the accuracy and authenticity of long-term memory and the advisability of legal reforms to extend or eliminate the statute of limitations in this area. Language: en
Reduction in oral penicillamine absorption by food, antacid, and ferrous sulfate

Plasma levels of penicillamine, urinary recovery of penicillamine and its oxidized metabolites, and urinary excretion of copper were examined after single 500-mg oral doses of penicillamine to six healthy men. Penicillamine was given after an overnight fast, a standard breakfast, and after antacid and ferrous sulfate. Following the fasting dose, the mean peak plasma level of 3.05 micrograms/ml developed at 3.8 hr and the drug was cleared from plasma with a t1/2 of 2.1 hr. Penicillamine levels were reduced to 52%, 35%, and 66% of those from the fasting dose after food, ferrous sulfate, and antacid. The rates of penicillamine appearance and disappearance from plasma were essentially treatment independent. There were good correlations between urinary recovery of total penicillamine (r = 0.875), between urinary copper excretion (r = 0.758) and the penicillamine plasma concentration AUCs. The availability of oral penicillamine is very susceptible to interactions with other substances. Further studies may be necessary to assess the full clinical significance of these interactions.
Smoking and endoscopic sinus surgery: does smoking volume contribute to clinical outcome?

Background The effect of tobacco smoking on chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is not yet well-delineated. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the overall effect of smoking on postoperative outcomes (endoscopic score and health-related quality-of-life [HRQoL]) after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for CRS and to determine if volume of daily smoking impacts outcomes. Methods A total of 784 patients with CRS were prospectively enrolled between January 2001 and April 2009 after electing ESS from 1 of 3 academic tertiary care centers. Follow-up longer than 6 months was available on 39 smoking patients. Smoking volume (cigarettes/day) analysis was performed by dichotomizing patients into either of 2 subgroups: light smokers (<20 cigarettes per day) or heavy smokers (≥20 cigarettes per day). Primary outcomes were Lund-Kennedy endoscopy scores and 2 disease-specific HRQoL instruments: the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI) and Chronic Sinusitis Survey (CSS). Results Smokers and nonsmokers experienced similar improvement in HRQoL following surgery (RSDI: p = 0.792 and CSS: p = 0.117). No difference in HRQoL improvements between light smokers and heavy smokers was identified. While overall changes in endoscopy scores did not differ between smokers and nonsmokers, there was a significant difference in the prevalence of worsening postoperative endoscopy scores between heavy smokers, light smokers, and nonsmokers (100%, 33%, and 20%, respectively; p = 0.002). Conclusion Active smoking status does not alter postoperative improvement in HRQoL after ESS. Although limited by a small sample size, increasing smoking volume may contribute to worse postoperative endoscopy scores. © 2011 ARS-AAOA, LLC.
Uptake and accumulation of the nickel ion by Mytilus edulis

Following collection, mussels were cleaned, placed in ''Instant Ocean'' and left in holding tanks for two weeks to acclimatize to laboratory conditions. Animals were placed in five bio-assay tanks with 0.013, 0.025, 0.051 and 0.102 mg/l nickel. A second trial used concentrations of 20, 40, and 80 mg/l. An analysis of the soft parts of the frozen M. edulis for the presence of nickel consisted of wet digestion combined with flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry using a Perkin Elmer Model 303 spectrophotometer. A significant uptake and accumulation is shown for mussels in 20, 40, and 80 Mg Ni/l. No animals died during the experiment. Mussels secreted byssal threads in concentrations of 20 mg Ni/l, but not at 40 mg Ni/l and higher. As protection from toxic environments, a bivalue can close its shell which would reduce byssal thread formation. The accumulation of nickel by M. edulis may be due to an inadequate excretion of nickel. While uptake via food particles or other organisms is quite feasible, the 96 hour experiments point to a mucus sheet or transmembrane absorption, since the mussels were not fed for the duration of the 96 hour experiments.
Structures of the Monsoon Low–Level Flow and the Monsoon Boundary Layer over the East Central Arabian Sea

Abstract The monsoon boundary layer was subjected to aerial measurements by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Electra on 20 and 24 June 1979 as part of the Arabian Sea component of the Summer Monsoon Experiment (MONEX). Gust probe (also called fast response or turbulence) measurements of u (eastward), v (northward), w, T and ρv, (absolute humidity), available from 80 to 550 m are used to compute turbulent fluxes, while slow response (one-second) measurements of u, v, T and Td available from 80 to 20 m, are used to relate thew fluxes to the low-level flow. The turbulence Rights on 20 June were made under an extensive synoptic scale cloud system. Within this cloud system variations in the cloud type and convective activity occurred between the two areas where intensive boundary layer (RL) measurements were made. The southern area, which had lower ρv values, was dominated by multiple cloud layers, downward virtual heat flux, weak upward moisture flux in the BL, and a sharply defined jet str...
Teaching Yoga to School-Aged Children: Principles and Personal Experiences

School-aged children are expected to learn new skills and work productively in many domains of life. Those who fail to keep up, particularly those who have developmental disorders, often experience feelings of inferiority and social isolation. I created a Yoga class for school-aged children of all abilities that is designed to serve as a haven from the performance demands of their lives. The class capitalizes on children's pleasure in learning and actively promotes selfawareness without self-judgment. The class draws inspiration from tantric philosophy, which allows for life to be experienced playfully while recognizing the sacred interconnectedness of all things. Three features differentiate this class from a typical adult Yoga class: (1) use of an integrating theme, (2) designated times for discussion and movement, and (3) inclusion of a creative portion. These features are designed to engage and motivate school-aged children. Some traditional elements of a Yoga practice, including breathing exercises (...
The many faces of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Bacterial infection of the airways plays a critical role in the course and pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Bacteria cause acute exacerbations that characterize the course of COPD, and these exacerbations are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality [1-3]. In addition, bacteria are present in the lower airways of many adults with COPD, even during clinically stable periods [4-6]. Bacteria in the airways contribute to the airway inflammation that is a hallmark of COPD [7-9]. The application of modern approaches in the past decade by research groups throughout the world has advanced our understanding of the role of bacterial infection in COPD. However, important gaps in our knowledge remain. Perhaps one of the largest gaps is understanding the role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in COPD. The observation that P. aeruginosa is isolated from sputum samples from 4%15% of adults with COPD in many crosssectional studies suggests that the bacterium is a common cause of infection in this clinical context [10-12]. Indeed, P. aeruginosa is more likely to be isolated from patients with severe disease, particularly among patients who require mechanical ventilation for severe exacerbations [13-15]. However, these data are also consistent with an alternative explanation that is, P. aeruginosa in sputum is simply a colonizer and, thus, a marker for more-advanced lung disease. Individuals with advanced COPD are more likely to receive courses of antimicrobial therapy that selects antibiotic-resistant bacteria,
Sources of Adoption Data

Chapter 3 presents an overview of data issues along with a listing of adoption data sources and their limitations. Data for demographic analyses generally are from three sources: vital statistics or registration data, Census Data, and large scale surveys (Poston & Bouvier, 2010). In the United States (U. S.) there is no unified vital statistics or registration system for child adoptions despite over 60 years of efforts to obtain a single accurate registration of adoptions. Instead, adoptions statistics are compiled from data from multiple sources (public child welfare agencies, state courts, private adoption agencies, and tribal agencies) with no cross referencing, making trends in adoptions difficult to discern. In spite of the lack of a single source, there are multiple sources of existing data which can be combined to provide a demographic analysis of the adoption of children in the U. S.
Dementia and Psychological Testing

The evaluation of test results by psychologists is extensive. Included in the process are a variety of measures that may be used in decision making about the type and degree of mental incompetence found in the dementias. Most of these tests were not designed for this specific purpose, but they have either been accepted as appropriate to the purpose or have been adapted to the decision-making process.
Genetic algorithm based intrusion detection system for wireless body area networks

Driven by recent technological advances in wireless communications, wireless sensors, and low power networked systems, wireless sensor networks are emerging as a promising technology in healthcare applications. Since information transmitted in these wireless body area networks (WBAN) often consists of critical and sensitive patient health and personal information, securing these networks is central to their practical deployment in healthcare applications. The objective of this research is to design and develop an intrusion detection framework to improve security in WBAN. In this work, we propose a multi-objective genetic algorithm based intrusion detection system to provide optimal attack detection in these networks. The proposed system guarantees that only those features necessary for detecting a specific attack is used in the intrusion detection process, thereby decreasing the computational complexity.
Antibody-Based Technologies for Environmental Biodetection

Immunoassay methods for environmental pathogen and toxin detection are well established with formats including lateral flow devices, standard ELISAs, microarray platforms, and biosensor devices. In general, immunoassays provide rapid assay times relative to other conventional methods such as colony counting and PCR approaches. The development of recombinant antibody technologies to produce antibodies with enhanced binding affinities will lead to immunoassays with better sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility. The development of alternative affinity reagents, such as aptamers, engineered proteins and peptides, will provide a greater repertoire of affinity reagents to develop novel immunoassays. Recently, multiplexed assays for the detection of foodborne and waterborne pathogens and toxins have been developed using planar and bead-based microarray approaches. Because environmental pathogens are mostly present in very low numbers, a highly sensitive detection method is necessary. In addition, real-time detection is requisite. Biosensors have the potential to address both of these requirements. Indeed, biosensors are the fastest growing technology for pathogen detection. Integration of biosensors into environmental and food safety monitoring systems is likely to increase in the coming years potentially leading to the development of novel methods that are capable of providing the necessary sensitivity and assay speed to replace the current standards.
Family of Single-Micelle-Templated Organosilica Hollow Nanospheres and Nanotubes Synthesized through Adjustment of Organosilica/Surfactant Ratio

A family of hollow organosilica nanospheres and nanotubes was synthesized at appropriately low organosilica-precursor/block-copolymer-surfactant ratios. In Pluronic F127 (EO106PO70EO106) block copolymer templated synthesis of ethylene-bridged organosilicas in the presence of a swelling agent, the lowering of the organosilica-precursor/surfactant ratio led to a change from highly ordered face-centered cubic structure of spherical mesopores to individual hollow spherical nanoparticles. It was hypothesized that at low ratios of organosilica precursor to PEO-PPO-PEO, the framework precursor is solubilized in the micelles and its concentration on their surface is not sufficient to induce appreciable cross-linking between the resulting nanoobjects and the consolidation into larger particles. The inner pore size of the nanospheres was adjusted by varying the micelle expander, allowing us to obtain pore diameters up to ∼20 nm. By employing low precursor/surfactant ratios, hollow spheres of methylene-, ethenylene-...
Acoustic Data Transfer Limits Using an Underwater Vehicle in Very Shallow Water

Advances in Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) using acoustic communications to transfer relatively high rate downloads of mission information are crucial to future Navy objectives, particularly in Very Shallow Water Mine Countermeasures (VSW MCM). Present understanding is primarily based on fixed node experiments rather than quantified by vehicles working in the real environment. This paper reports on the demonstrated limits of high speed asymmetric acoustic data transfer using an AUV in an adverse very shallow water environment. A comprehensive series of studies in multiple channel geometries was completed using a “state of the art” commercially available modem system installed on the NPS ARIES autonomous underwater vehicle. The maximum operating range for effective high speed data transfer in very shallow water from a dynamic AUV with all integrated systems active was about 300 meters in the horizontal plane with nearly 100% reliability, at bit rates up to a maximum of 800 bits/second.© 2004 ASME
Gentrification and Uneven Development

A debate is emerging over whether gentrification and urban redevelopment are temporary, ephemeral processes or only the beginning of a long-term restructuring of urban space. In order to assess the future of the inner city, it is necessary to understand the origins of the present redevelopment process, yet little or no theoretical work has been done. In fact, gentrification and urban redevelopment are the leading edge of a larger process of uneven development which is a specific process, rooted in the structure of the capitalist mode of production. According to this perspective, gentrification is only a small part of a restructuring of urban space which is, in turn, part of the wider economic restructuring necessitated by the present economic crisis.
Effect of Additives on Properties of NiFe_2O_4 Spinel

Effect of there kinds of additives on properties and microstructure of NiFe_2O_4 spinel is researched. The density,the there-point bending strength,the property of thermal shock and conductivity were tested. Microstructures were observed with scanning electronic microscope and energy dispersive x-ray detector. The results showed that the density of specimen with additive M was changed greatly, the bending strength of specimen with 3. 0wt%M was increased by 25MPa compared with NiFe_2O_4 spinel,the property of thermal shock of specimen contained additive T was best of all,and the additives M and T have improved conductivity.
Application and Development Trend of New Type Sensor

This article introduces the principles of new type sensor such as micro sensor,intelligent sensor and their appilication to signal detection.It indicates the problem which exists in the traditional sensor during signal detection.It expatiates the effect and the position of the new type sensor in weapon equipment,and it tells that it needs the new type sensor in high tech war.Finally it points out the development direction for the new type sensor,and it offers a few ideas to the development plan,development emphases.
Abstract B43: Characterization of ovarian cancer cells as in vivo models for preclinical studies.

Women are most often diagnosed with ovarian cancer in late stages of the disease, making this malignancy the most common cause of death from gynecological cancers in the United States. Identification of factors associated with disease subtypes and clinical outcome is critical to enable pathway-targeted therapeutic advances. As with other systems, the value of cell lines for in vitro and pre-clinical work lies in choosing groups of cell lines with similar characteristics. To date, selection of cell lines has been based on criteria such as patient history, histological subtype at diagnosis, mutation patterns, signaling patterns and tumorigenicity in mice. Most available ovarian cancer cell lines were generated decades ago and variable information exists as to these parameters. In recent years, several studies have reported comprehensive data gathered for the most commonly available ovarian cancer cell lines. While these reviews have established greater consensus regarding the molecular characteristics of these cell lines, data on in vivo tumorigenicity of these cell lines is still only sporadically available, making it difficult to translate in vitro work to xenograft models. We have studied the tumorigenicity of 16 commonly used ovarian cancer cell lines introduced through three distinct anatomical locations: subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, and ovary intrabursal injection. We also characterized these cell lines according to gene expression profiles and phospho-proteomics, in order to create an integrated panel of information by which to choose cells logically for specific research questions. Here we report a comprehensive analysis of in vivo growth patterns and histopathology, linked to molecular characteristics. This will provide a valuable resource to the ovarian cancer research community, and better guiding the choice of cell lines for in vitro studies that can be translated efficiently into xenograft testing. Citation Format: Lidia Hernandez, Marianne K. Kim, L Tiffany Lyle, Patricia S. Steeg, Christina M. Annunziata. Characterization of ovarian cancer cells as in vivo models for preclinical studies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: Exploiting Vulnerabilities; Oct 17-20, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B43.
Human capacity for action as core content in occupational science education

ABSTRACTIncentives for teaching occupational science may vary from advancement of the discipline to providing philosophical grounding for the profession of occupational therapy. Regardless of the aim, the essential content of the subject matter – occupational science – has been largely unexplored. In seeking to refine concepts of occupation that emerged from scholarship in occupational therapy and yet distance the conversation from an applied perspective, occupational scientists have focused heavily on the form, function and meaning of occupation as well as sociocultural factors effecting occupational engagement. This focus has largely divorced the content from the exploration of the embodied experience of and the human capacity for action. This paper seeks to challenge that division by considering human capacity for action as integral to understanding occupation, and knowledge of body structure and function as key to understanding human capacity for action. We offer an example of a course where human cap...
A novel image-based BRDF measurement system and its application to human skin

Human skin detection is an important first step in search and rescue (SAR) scenarios. Previous research performed human skin detection through an application specific camera system that ex- ploits the spectral properties of human skin at two visible and two near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. The current theory assumes human skin is diffuse; however, it is observed that human skin exhibits specular and diffuse reflectance properties. This paper presents a novel image-based bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) measurement system, and applies it to the collection of human skin BRDF. The system uses a grid projecting laser and a novel signal processing chain to extract the surface normal from each grid location. Human skin BRDF measurements are shown for a variety of melanin content and hair coverage at the four spectral channels needed for human skin detection. The NIR results represent a novel contribution to the existing body of human skin BRDF measurements.
Toward Broadband Reverse Saturable Absorption: Investigating the Impact of Cyclometalating Ligand π-Conjugation on the Photophysics and Reverse Saturable Absorption of Cationic Heteroleptic Iridium Complexes

The synthesis, photophysics and reverse saturable absorption of a series of bis-cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes Ir(C∧N)2L·PF6, where L = 3,8-bis[9,9-di(2-ethylhexyl)-9H-fluoren-2-yl]-1,10-phenanthroline and C∧N = 2-phenylpyridine (ppy, 1), 2-phenylquinoline (pqu, 2), 1-phenylisoquinoline (piq, 3), 2-phenylbenzo[g]quinoline (pbq, 4), and 2,3-diphenylbenzo[g]quinoxaline (dpbq, 5), are reported. By gradually increasing the π-conjugation along the pyridine or pyrazine ring of the C∧N ligands, the energies of the lowest singlet (S1) and triplet (T1) excited states are significantly reduced, as reflected by the pronouncedly red-shifted charge transfer absorption bands at >450 nm and the emission band(s) in their UV–vis absorption and emission spectra, respectively. Additionally, our density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that the natures of the S1 and T1 states vary with the increased π-conjugation of the C^N ligands, with the S1 state changing from the exclusive 1LLCT (ligand-to-ligand charge tr...
Citizen samaritans and public perils: our duties to doctors.

While physicians have a duty to treat even at the risk of their own personal safety, citizens also have minimal obligations to assist those protecting them during bioterrorism or natural disasters. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
TLR4-Mediated Inflammation Promotes KSHV-Induced Cellular Transformation and Tumorigenesis by Activating the STAT3 Pathway

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are conserved immune sensors mediating antimicrobial and antitumoral responses, but recent evidence implicates them in promoting carcinogenesis in certain cancers. Kaposi sarcoma is caused by infection of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and is characterized by uncontrolled neoangiogenesis and inflammation. Here, we show that TLR4 is upregulated in KSHV-infected spindle tumor cells in human Kaposi sarcoma lesions. In a model of KSHV-induced cellular transformation, KSHV upregulated expression of TLR4, its adaptor MyD88, and coreceptors CD14 and MD2. KSHV induction of TLR4 was mediated by multiple viral miRNAs. Importantly, the TLR4 pathway was activated constitutively in KSHV-transformed cells, resulting in chronic induction of IL6, IL1β, and IL18. Accordingly, IL6 mediated constitutive activation of the STAT3 pathway, an essential event for uncontrolled cellular proliferation and transformation. TLR4 stimulation with lipopolysaccharides or live bacteria enhanced tumorigenesis while TLR4 antagonist CLI095 inhibited it. These results highlight an essential role of the TLR4 pathway and chronic inflammation in KSHV-induced tumorigenesis, which helps explain why HIV-infected patients, who frequently suffer from opportunistic bacterial infections and metabolic complications, frequently develop Kaposi sarcoma. Cancer Res; 77(24); 7094-108. ©2017 AACR.
Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy Refractory to Multiple Medical Therapies and Plasmapheresis.

Objectives We report on a patient suffering from intractable itching secondary to intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) unresponsive to conventional medical therapies. She was started on a regimen of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), which is often efficacious in relieving patient's itching from all causes of cholestasis, including ICP. Methods We performed a retrospective review of a patient's medical record. Results Following initial TPE, the patient reported dramatic relief of her itching and consequent insomnia. However, this effect was short lived, as subsequent TPE provided minimal relief, and may have actually worsened her itching. Out of concern for poor fetal outcomes, delivery was induced at 34 weeks gestational age. The child had an uncomplicated neonatal intensive care unit stay following delivery, and the mother reported > 90% relief of her symptoms 2 weeks after delivery. Conclusion TPE often provides longer term relief of itching because of ICP; however, it is not a panacea for these symptoms, and sometimes only delivery of the fetus can relieve maternal symptoms. In addition to the refractoriness to TPE, the case is also unusual for the early onset of ICP symptoms and the comorbidity of hepatitis C.
Evolution of Color Vision and Visual Pigments in Invertebrates

Vision is based on the capture of light by photosensitive molecules called visual pigments, built from proteins that are homologous across all animals. It is changes in these molecules that alter visual sensitivity and provide the basis for color vision. The taxonomic and ecological diversity of invertebrate species has produced a correspondingly vast assortment of visual pigment adaptations and systems of color vision. This article discusses how the evolution of visual pigments affects visual sensitivity and color vision among invertebrates.
"It Just Messes Your Mind": U.S. International Students' Perspectives of and Experiences with Academic Text Sourcing

This critical case study explored how six international students enrolled in two U.S. universities perceived and understood the concept of plagiarism. Through our participants’ stories, we challenged a system that insists on international students’ conformity, without adequate knowledge or training, to a U.S. or Western system of text borrowing and sourcing that may be different from what the students have learned in their home countries. Our study calls for educational rather than punitive means of addressing international students’ problems with crediting sources.
Consultation for Mental Health Counselors: Opportunities and Guidelines for Private Practice

Counselors are encouraged to understand and engage in consultation as part of their professional work. Unfortunately, mental health counselors who practice in private settings are rarely represented in consultation research or guidelines. This article explores potential barriers and benefits to private practitioners who seek out peer consultation in order to enhance their clinical practice and general professional development. Opportunities for improved client services, ethical considerations, and guidelines for practice are discussed.
Oxidative stress and muscle wasting of cachexia

Cachexia is a frequent feature of patients afflicted with chronic diseases, including AIDS, cancer and inflammatory disorders. In cachexia, muscle wasting accounts for most of the weight loss, which may occur independently of the decreased food intake or malabsorption of nutrients. Moreover, there is evidence to suggest that tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), may mediate, perhaps in concert with other cytokines, the muscle wasting of cachexia. However, in spite of the relevance of this issue to human diseases, the molecular mechanisms by which TNFα, or other mediators, induce muscle wasting remain to be determined. Therefore, in an attempt to elucidate this question, we evaluated the biological cascade leading to muscle wasting in a murine model of cachexia induced by chronically elevated serum TNFα. We found that TNFα induces oxidative stress and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in skeletal muscle, leading to decreased myosin creatinine phosphokinase (MCK) expression and binding activities. The impaired MCK-E box binding activities resulted from abnormal myogenin/Jun-D complexes, and were normalized by the addition of Jun-D, DTT or Ref-1, a nuclear redox protein. Treatment of skeletal muscle cells with a phorbol ester, a superoxide-generating system, a NO donor, or a Jun-D antisense oligonucleotide decreased Jun-D activity and transcription from the MCK-E box, which were prevented by antioxidants, a scavenger of reducing equivalents, a NOS inhibitor, and/or overexpression of Jun-D. More importantly, the decreased body weight, muscle wasting and skeletal muscle molecular abnormalities of cachexia in the murine model were prevented by treatment with the antioxidants d-α-tocopherol or BW755c, or the NOS inhibitor nitroL-arginine, which act at a post-receptor level.
Incorporating resistance in pesticide management: a dynamic regional approach

Pesticide resistance in agricultural systems has been recognised as one of the world’s top environmental problems for nearly two decades (UNEP 1979). Occurring in over 500 species of insects (Georghiou 1990), resistance is a genetic phenomenon whereby resistance-conferring genes accumulate in pest populations. Agricultural producers contending with pests that reduce the quality and/or quantity of outputs apply pesticides to increase profits or to decrease income variability. As resistance begins to accumulate, however, these treatments become less effective. Attempting to maintain expected crop yield, producers typically apply additional pesticide applications, yet over time, this practice compounds the problem by increasing environmental selection for resistant traits (Croft and Dunley 1993).
Curcumin, Oxidative Stress, and Cancer Therapy

Curcumin is the active ingredient in turmeric, a traditional herbal remedy and dietary spice. Curcumin has numerous beneficial medicinal properties, including cancer chemopreventive and cancer chemotherapeutic activity. Curcumin displays complex redox activity and functions as both pro- and antioxidant. These opposing activities are observed in cell-free systems, cultured cells, and in intact organisms. The redox properties of curcumin are a key feature of its activity and are due to the inherent chemical activities of the molecule, as well as its ability to induce multiple signaling pathways. This chapter provides an overview of the in vitro and in vivo studies that links curcumin’s redox activity to its chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects. It also highlights the need for caution in combining curcumin with certain chemotherapies or in the setting of selected preexisting conditions.
Epidemiological investigation on an outbreak of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in northwest Zhejiang province

Objective To investigate the source, transmission route and risk factors of an outbreak of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). Methods Case definition was made and suspected cases were searched. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect information on demographic features (age, gender, occupation, residential address) , history of exposure, clinical signs and symptoms etc. Blood samples were collected from 12 suspected cases while index patient' s blood samples were collected from walls of the residence. All samples were detected for SFTS virus using RT-PCR. Sero-prevalence rates of SFTS virus IgG were also conducted among healthy people, host and vectors. Results A total of 13 cases including 6 male and 7 female were identified during this outbreak in May 2014. Index patient developed illness onset on April 23 and died on May 1. Secondary patients would include 8 family members, 3 neighborhoods, 1 individual who lived in the same village, developing illness onset between May 10 and 16, with a peak on May 13. The incubation period was 9–15 days. Clinical signs and symptoms appeared as fever (100%) , chill (92%) , anergy (92%) , body aches (92%) , anorexia (92%) , headache (77%) , nausea (69%) etc. Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia also appeared. History of the index patient showed that she collected tea leaves in her hometown 1 month before the illness onset. After index patient died on May 1, 9 secondary patients had directly contacted the blood of the deceased. Data from the retrospective cohort study showed that'direct contact with blood' was an important risk factor (RR=43.36, 95%CI: 13.66– 137.63, P=0.000). Conclusion Majority of the secondary patients of these clusters contracted the SFTS virus infection through exposure to the blood of the index patient. However, aerosol transmission could not be ruled out, suggesting that precaution should be taken for doctors, nurses and family members when looking after the patients with SFTS virus infection. Key words: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome; Cluster; Transmission through contact
The Aonia-Solis-Valles dust storm track in the southern hemisphere of Mars

Abstract Dust storm activity in the Aonia-Solis-Valles Marineris (ASV) region is analyzed using data collected from 8 Mars years of Mars Daily Global Maps. During Ls = 120°–180°, dust storms within the ASV region tend to organize into dust storm sequences, making ASV an important storm track in the southern hemisphere outside the conventional dust storm season. In late southern winter, the ASV region is influenced by a combination of strong time-mean winds, synoptic eddies, and tidal winds. The ASV dust storm sequences can increase the background dust opacity and sometimes significantly influence the large-scale atmospheric thermal structure and planetary waves. They can be divided into two groups – one with large size and long duration; the other with small size and mostly short duration. The time series of storm area exhibits a pseudo-periodicity near 20 sols. This periodicity is similar to that found in eddy kinetic energy and traveling waves and to the Baroclinic Annular Mode of the terrestrial atmosphere.
Deterministic and Bayesian Sparse Signal Processing Algorithms for Coherent Multipath Directions-of-Arrival (DOAs) Estimation

In this paper, we propose novel deterministic and Bayesian methods to identify the directions-of-arrival (DOAs) of coherent multipath signals assuming that a very few number of multipath signals are present and multiple snapshots are available. For both types of methods, we exploit both sparsity and the underlying structure of coherent signal propagation. For the deterministic case, we formulate the problem of estimating the DOAs of coherent multipath signals as a biconvex optimization problem and then solve it by an alternating convex search approach. This is in contrast to the widely used $\ell _1$ sparse signal recovery convex optimization problem, which only exploits sparsity of the signal under consideration. For the Bayesian case, we propose two novel algorithms based on the mean field variational Bayesian expectation maximization approach. The first algorithm assumes that the true scenario DOAs of the multipath signals are exactly aligned with the angular grids. We next extend the on-grid model to deal with the off-grid problem, which is the second proposed Bayesian algorithm of this paper. These two Bayesian algorithms are in contrast to the widely used sparse Bayesian learning relevance vector machine algorithm, which only exploits sparsity in spatial domain. A simulation study is carried out in terms of root-mean-squared error in the DOA estimates to compare the performances of different algorithms. Finally, we demonstrate the application of the proposed off-grid Bayesian algorithm by analyzing data from the shallow water HF $\mathbf {97}$ ocean acoustic experiment.
Determination of Stress Intensity Factor in a Beam with a Central Crack and Estimation of the Critical Crack Length

Purpose of research. Propose an analytical method for determining the stress intensity factor for the second form of fracture in a beam with a crack. It will be possible to take into account the influence of cracks and crack-like damage found in beams during surveys using the solution obtained, in the presence of an experimental base of values of the critical stress intensity factors. Methods. It is proposed a method for calculating the stress intensity factor for the second form of fracture (transverse shear) in the beams using the analytical method known in the resistance of materials and structural mechanics of the section method. To do this, equilibrium conditions are created for mentally cut parts of a bent element using the hypotheses of the distribution of normal and tangential stresses along transverse and longitudinal sections. This method of calculation can be applied in assessing the carrying capacity of wooden beams that have operational damage, such as laminations of adhesive joints and trimmed and force cracks. Results. Using the proposed technique, we have estimated the critical size of a through-going that does not reach the end of a wooden beam under short-term loading. The experimental data obtained by the author are taken as the initial data for the calculation. Conclusion. For the practical application of this technique, on the basis of experimental data, the values of the calibration coefficients should be selected that match the theoretical solution with the experimental data best of all. In addition, in a further experimental study, it is necessary to obtain and refine the dependencies of the critical stress intensity factor on operational factors: loading duration, wood moisture, cross-sectional dimensions, crack position, crack depth ratio and total cross-sectional width of elements.
An example of modeling the combined effects of creep and fatigue loading in musculoskeletal tissue

Human musculoskeletal tissues incur both creep and cyclic loading every day, both of which can contribute to cumulative damage development. This paper will describe methods of understanding and mod...
From Canadian Dragons to Pristine Páramos: Visual Discourses in the Campaign to Defend Ecuadorian Páramos from Gold Extraction

In this essay, I examine the visual iconography produced by three different but overlapping anti-mining collectivities. The images and symbols produced between 2008 and 2018 comprise a visual discourse that challenges some aspect of mining activity in the county of Cuenca, Ecuador. A term originally
Large scale constructed wetlands for phosphorus removal, an effective nonpoint source pollution treatment technology

Abstract The Everglades Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs) are large-scale freshwater wetlands constructed to reduce total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in runoff to support restoration of the Everglades. TP reduction and retention in STAs occurs through settling, plant growth and accumulation of dead plant material in a layer of peat. This study evaluated the performance of six treatment flow-ways in STA − 2 and STA-3/4, two of the best performing Everglades STAs, through water and TP budget analyses based on over a decade of hydrological, meteorological, and water quality data. STA performance was evaluated by comparing annual and long-term average annual flow-way and treatment cell TP flow-weighted mean outflow (FWMC) concentrations, TP load retention percentage, and TP FWMC reduction percentage. The effects of annual hydraulic loading rate, annual phosphorus loading rate, annual average hydraulic residence time, inflow TP FWMC and annual average water depth on annual flow-way TP FWMC were evaluated. For the six flow-ways studied, a higher frequency of low-level outflow TP annual FWMC was achieved when the annual hydraulic residence time was longer than 14 d, annual hydraulic loading rate was less than or equal to 3.5 cm day−1, the annual water depth was shallower than or equal to 0.65 m, the annual phosphorus loading rate was smaller than or equal to 1.2 g m2 yr−1, or the annual inflow TP FWMC was less than or equal to 100 μg L−1. This study demonstrated that TP settling rate alone is not adequate to evaluate STA treatment performance especially when hydraulic loading rates differ. This study also helped improve understanding of the factors that affected the treatment performance of large-scale constructed wetland flow-ways which consistently retained TP and reduced TP concentrations over a long-term operational period.