cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Extrathyroidal thyroxine-5′-monodeiodinase activity in cattle

The monodeiodination of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) was studied in vitro using liver, kidney, and muscle obtained from two-year old Angus and Hereford steers. Tissues were homogenized in .1 M phosphate buffer-.25 M sucrose - 5 mM EDTA, pH 7.5, and centrifuged at 2000 × g for 30 min. Supernatants were incubated with T4 (1.3 μM) at 37 C and T3 generated was measured by radioimmunoassay of an ethanol extract of the incubation mixture. The T4 to T3 conversion in Angus liver homogenate was dependent upon pH, temperature, duration of incubation (5–120 min), homogenate (.025–.20 g-eq tissue/ml), and substrate concentration (.32–6.43 μM T4). The apparent Km and Vmax of the conversion were .64 μM T4 and 1.87 ng T3 generated/hr/mg protein, respectively. Mean T4 to T3 conversion in Angus liver and kidney was 1.37 and .22 ng T3/hr/mg protein. The presence of 2 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), a sulfhydryl protective agent, significantly increased T3 generation in liver and kidney (5.12 and 4.58 ng/hr/mg protein) and also revealed activity in muscle (05 ng/hr/mg protein). In liver and kidney from Hereford steers conversion activity was 2.89 and .48 in absence and 10.91 and 5.38 ng T3/hr/mg protein in presence of DTT, respectively. These results demonstrate the presence of a very active enzymatic system responsible for the peripheral 5′-monodeiodination of T4 to T3 in cattle.
Hypertensive crises : Challenges and management

Hypertension affects > 65 million people in the United States and is one of the leading causes of death. One to two percent of patients with hypertension have acute elevations of BP that require urgent medical treatment. Depending on the degree of BP elevation and presence of end-organ damage, severe hypertension can be defined as either a hypertensive emergency or a hypertensive urgency. A hypertensive emergency is associated with acute end-organ damage and requires immediate treatment with a titratable short-acting IV antihypertensive agent. Severe hypertension without acute end-organ damage is referred to as a hypertensive urgency and is usually treated with oral antihypertensive agents. This article reviews definitions, current concepts, common misconceptions, and pitfalls in the diagnosis and management of patients with acutely elevated BP as well as special clinical situations in which BP must be controlled.
Mechanisms of Oxidation with Oxygen

Several topics are dealt with in discussing the reactions of molecular oxygen, but a common goal is pursued in each: to try to understand the reactions in terms of the fundamental properties of the oxygen molecule, and of the other reactants. The paper first describes the electronic structure of oxygen and of two low-lying electronically excited states. Concern with the low-lying electronically excited states is no longer the sole property of spectroscopists; recently, evidence has been presented for the participation of such activated molecules in chemical reactions. The chemistry of oxygen is dominated by the fact that the molecule in the ground state has two unpaired electrons, whereas the products of oxidation in many important reactions have zero spin. In its reactions with transition metal ions the restrictions imposed by the spin state of the oxygen molecule are easily circumvented. A number of reactions of oxygen with metal ions have been studied in considerable detail; conclusions on basic aspects of the reaction mechanism are outlined. Among the most interesting reactions of oxygen are those in which it is reversibly absorbed by reducing agents. Reversible absorption to form a peroxide in the bound state is possible; some of the conditions which must be fulfilled by a reducing system to qualify as storing oxygen in this way are reasonably well understood and are here enunciated. Little has been done on the formation of oxygen from water; some factors involved in this process are discussed.
0.9-V DSP blocks: a 15-ns 4-k SRAM and a 45-ns 16-b multiply/accumulator

4-k SRAM and 16-b multiply/accumulate DSP blocks have been designed and fabricated in complementary heterostructure GaAs. Both circuits operate from 1.5 V to below 0.9 V. The SRAM uses 28,272 transistors in an area of 2.44 mm/sup 2/. Cell size is 278 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ at 1.0-/spl mu/m gate length. Measured results show an access delay of 5.3 ns at 1.5 V and 15.0 ns at 0.9 V. At 0.9 V, the power dissipated is 0.36 mW. The CGaAs multiplier uses a 16-b modified Booth architecture with a 3-way 40-b accumulator. The multiplier uses 11,200 transistors in an area of 1.23 mm/sup 2/. Measured delay is 19.0 ns at 1.5 V and 44.7 ns at 0.9 V. At 0.9 V, current is less than 0.4 mA. >
Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of Digoxin Specific Fab Fragments in a Child Following Massive Digoxin Overdose

The use of digoxin-specific Fab fragments (d-Fab) to treat life-threatening digitalis intoxication has been widely substantiated in adults. This reports a case of a 2-year-old girl who ingested 90-92, 0.25 mg tablets of digoxin and within four hours, developed vomiting, lethargy, tachycardia and AV block (Mobitz type I and II). These symptoms were associated with total and free serum digoxin concentrations of 17.1 and 12.4 ng/ml, respectively. Following GI decontamination, a total dFab dose of 1280 mg (32 vials) was given with resolution of electrocardiographic abnormalities within 40 minutes and a concomitant reduction in the free serum digoxin concentration to 0.11 ng/ml. Repeated blood sampling over 19 days revealed an apparent elimination half-life (t1/2) of 134.9 and 129.9 hr for total and free digoxin, respectively. The long t1/2 for digoxin corresponded to a low apparent renal clearance of total digoxin which ranged from 0.56 to 0.82 ml/minute over four separate collection intervals. The free serum digoxin concentration never exceeded 3% of the total concentration and the patient did not develop a recurrence of toxic symptoms or any adverse effects (e.g. fever) attributable to dFab. Administration of an equimolar dFab dose to children following acute, massive digoxin intoxication represents safe, effective treatment which produces a prompt, sustained reversal of toxic effects. Digoxin specific Fab fragments should be promptly administered to any infant or child with significant, life-threatening symptoms following acute digoxin intoxication.
On scaling cosmogenic nuclide production rates for altitude and latitude using cosmic-ray measurements

Abstract The wide use of cosmogenic nuclides for dating terrestrial landforms has prompted a renewed interest in characterizing the spatial distribution of terrestrial cosmic rays. Cosmic-ray measurements from neutron monitors, nuclear emulsions and cloud chambers have played an important role in developing new models for scaling cosmic-ray neutron intensities and, indirectly, cosmogenic production rates. Unfortunately, current scaling models overlook or misinterpret many of these data. In this paper, we describe factors that must be considered when using neutron measurements to determine scaling formulations for production rates of cosmogenic nuclides. Over the past 50 years, the overwhelming majority of nucleon flux measurements have been taken with neutron monitors. However, in order to use these data for scaling spallation reactions, the following factors must be considered: (1) sensitivity of instruments to muons and to background, (2) instrumental biases in energy sensitivity, (3) solar activity, and (4) the way of ordering cosmic-ray data in the geomagnetic field. Failure to account for these factors can result in discrepancies of as much as 7% in neutron attenuation lengths measured at the same location. This magnitude of deviation can result in an error on the order of 20% in cosmogenic production rates scaled from 4300 m to sea level. The shapes of latitude curves of nucleon flux also depend on these factors to a measurable extent, thereby causing additional uncertainties in cosmogenic production rates. The corrections proposed herein significantly improve our ability to transfer scaling formulations based on neutron measurements to scaling formulations applicable to spallation reactions, and, therefore, constitute an important advance in cosmogenic dating methodology.
Multilayer Platform for Ultra-Low-Loss Waveguide Applications

We investigate a multilayer vertical stacking scheme for use in the Silicon Nitride-based low-loss waveguide platform. In this letter, we use common fabrication techniques to produce test structures for probing the interactions between vertically separated parallel waveguide planes and the characteristics of vertical directional couplers. Single-mode and multimode waveguide geometries are investigated, with designs similar to our previously demonstrated ultra-low-loss technologies. Group index measurements via narrowband OFDR reveal an index mismatch between the vertically separated waveguides of 8.6e-3, generated by the stress of the deposited upper cladding. Vertical directional couplers with a 3-μm vertical coupling gap and a 50 nm × 4 μm geometry exhibited an excess coupling loss of 0.19±0.20 dB and cross-coupled power of 54%, limited by the aforementioned velocity mismatch. The 1.23-m spiral structures with perpendicular crossings on adjacent layers show a transmission loss of the crossings below 0.25 dB for a multimode geometry, while the single-mode design showed a minimum crossing loss of 1.0 dB.
Expression of caveolin -1 induces premature cellular senescence in primary cultures of murine fibroblasts

Caveolae are vesicular invaginations of the plasma membrane. Caveolin-1 is the principal structural component of caveolae in vivo. Several lines of evidence are consistent with the idea that caveolin-1 functions as a "transformation suppressor" protein. In fact, caveolin-1 mRNA and protein expression are lost or reduced during cell transformation by activated oncogenes. Interestingly, the human caveolin-1 gene is localized to a suspected tumor suppressor locus (7q31.1). We have previously demonstrated that overexpression of caveolin-1 arrests mouse embryonic fibroblasts in the G(0)/G(1) phase of the cell cycle through activation of a p53/p21-dependent pathway, indicating a role of caveolin-1 in mediating growth arrest. However, it remains unknown whether overexpression of caveolin-1 promotes cellular senescence in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that mouse embryonic fibroblasts transgenically overexpressing caveolin-1 show: 1) a reduced proliferative lifespan; 2) senescence-like cell morphology; and 3) a senescence-associated increase in beta-galactosidase activity. These results indicate for the first time that the expression of caveolin-1 in vivo is sufficient to promote and maintain the senescent phenotype. Subcytotoxic oxidative stress is known to induce premature senescence in diploid fibroblasts. Interestingly, we show that subcytotoxic level of hydrogen peroxide induces premature senescence in NIH 3T3 cells and increases endogenous caveolin-1 expression. Importantly, quercetin and vitamin E, two antioxidant agents, successfully prevent the premature senescent phenotype and the up-regulation of caveolin-1 induced by hydrogen peroxide. Also, we demonstrate that hydrogen peroxide alone, but not in combination with quercetin, stimulates the caveolin-1 promoter activity. Interestingly, premature senescence induced by hydrogen peroxide is greatly reduced in NIH 3T3 cells harboring antisense caveolin-1. Importantly, induction of premature senescence is recovered when caveolin-1 levels are restored. Taken together, these results clearly indicate a central role for caveolin-1 in promoting cellular senescence and they suggest the hypothesis that premature senescence may represent a tumor suppressor function mediated by caveolin-1 in vivo.
Elder maltreatment: a review.

Abstract Context.—Elder maltreatment is not a new entity but is one that is recently recognized as a widespread and growing social problem. Unfortunately, few physicians are trained to recognize the different forms of elder maltreatment including physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect. The elder, age 65 years or older, is also a unique individual with respect to pathophysiology. The natural changes of aging must be considered when assessing any physical or laboratory findings. Objective.—The practicing pathologist and resident/fellow in training must be familiar with the 6 forms of elder abuse, in particular the 3 forms that are seen in general and forensic pathology: physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect. Naturally occurring conditions must also be recognized so that these are not erroneously interpreted as trauma or neglect. Furthermore, the victims and perpetrators, scenarios and risk factors, common anatomic and clinical findings, the pathophysiology of aging, and possible imitators of abuse mu...
Adjustable fluidic lenses for ophthalmic corrections

We report on two fluidic lenses that have been developed for ophthalmic applications. The lenses use a circular aperture to demonstrate optical powers between −20 and +20 D and a rectangular aperture to demonstrate astigmatism with values ranging from 0 to 8 D. Measurements of image quality were made with the fluidic lens using a model eye. Both lenses were variable and controllable by adjusting the fluid volume of the lens. To the best of our knowledge this is the first demonstration of a continuously variable lens for control of astigmatism.
Nitrogen broadening and shift coefficients in the 4.2–4.5-μm bands of CO2

Abstract In this study we report the first high-resolution measurements of pressure broadening and pressure-induced shift coefficients due to nitrogen for rovibrational transitions in the ν3 band of 13 C 16 O 2 . N2 broadening and shift coefficients of ν 3 12 C 16 O 2 transitions were also measured. In addition, nitrogen-broadening coefficients for many transitions in the ν3+ν2−ν2 hot band of 13 C 16 O 2 as well as the ν3 band of 13 C 16 O 18 O were also determined. The results were obtained by analyzing five high-resolution ( 0.0028 cm −1 ) room temperature laboratory absorption spectra with a multispectrum nonlinear least-squares spectral fitting technique. The data were recorded with the McMath-Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer of the National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak using a 4.08 cm sample cell, total pressures up to 470 Torr , and a 90% 13 C -enriched CO2 sample. For the pressure-broadened spectra the 13 C 16 O 2 volume-mixing ratios were⩽0.5%. Similar to broadening coefficients, the measured pressure shift coefficients were also found to be transition dependent. However, the shift coefficients were different in the P and R branch lines with the same rotational quantum number, J. The measured nitrogen-broadening coefficients range from 0.0960 to 0.0643 cm −1 atm −1 at 296 K . The measured shift coefficients were all negative and varied between 0 and −0.0036 cm −1 atm −1 . The results obtained are compared with other values reported in the literature.
Reduced-Order Models Based on Linear and Nonlinear Aerodynamic Impulse Responses

This paper discusses a method for the identification and application of reduced-order models based on linear and nonlinear aerodynamic impulse responses. The Volterra theory of nonlinear systems and an appropriate kernel identification technique are described. Insight into the nature of kernels is provided by applying the method to the nonlinear Riccati equation in a non-aerodynamic application. The method is then applied to a nonlinear aerodynamic model of an RAE 2822 supercritical airfoil undergoing plunge motions using the CFL3D Navier-Stokes flow solver with the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. Results demonstrate the computational efficiency of the technique.
Detection of Glands and Villi by Collaboration of Domain Knowledge and Deep Learning

Architecture distortions of glands and villi are indication of chronic inflammation. However, the “duality” nature of these two structures causes lots of ambiguity for their detection in H&E histology tissue images, especially when multiple instances are clustered together. Based on the observation that once such an object is detected for certain, the ambiguity in the neighborhood of the detected object can be reduced considerably, we propose to combine deep learning and domain knowledge in a unified framework, to simultaneously detect (the closely related) glands and villi in H&E histology tissue images. Our method iterates between exploring domain knowledge and performing deep learning classification, and the two components benefit from each other. (1) By exploring domain knowledge, the generated object proposals (to be fed to deep learning) form a more complete coverage of the true objects and the segmentation of object proposals can be more accurate, thus improving deep learning’s performance on classification. (2) Deep learning can help verify the class of each object proposal, and provide feedback to repeatedly “refresh” and enhance domain knowledge so that more reliable object proposals can be generated later on. Experiments on clinical data validate our ideas and show that our method improves the state-of-the-art for gland detection in H&E histology tissue images (to our best knowledge, we are not aware of any method for villi detection).
Injectable Formulations of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs

A growing number of new therapeutic molecules are limited by low or erratic bioavailability due to poor water solubility. Because of the clinical demand for new and more efficacious anti-cancer, antiviral, and anti-infective drugs, many of these new drugs must be formulated for injection. Poor water solubility can be addressed by a range of formulation approaches such as pH manipulation, salt formation, and cosolvent and surfactant addition, or by more advanced techniques such as complexation, liposomal encapsulation, or nanosuspension. While remaining focused on drug solubility, issues such as buffering, tonicity, sterility, and drug ­product stability also must be considered when formulating injectable products. This chapter outlines a formulator’s approach toward development of an injectable drug product containing an active ingredient with poor solubility. Marketed injectable products, listings of GRAS excipients, and techniques for enhancing solubility are offered as case studies to assist in the formulation process.
Expediency vs. Morality: Jacksonian Politics and Slavery

W HEN the current events of today become history, future generations of historians will surely emphasize the influence of racial consciousness upon their predecessors. The once "lily-white" American past has already taken on a darker hue-a more authentic perspective, since America has always been a multiracial society. Most Americans neither deny the racist attitudes of their society nor their historical roots. Attention to past racial prejudice is undermining much of the foundation for the American liberal tradition. Winthrop D. Jordan has documented Thomas Jefferson's unsuccessful attempts to repress his deep anxieties over the presence of blacks in America. Robert McColley depicts the Virginian, on a conscious level, apprehensively concealing his mild antislavery opinions from fellow southern planters for fear of losing political power. In evaluating the racial attitudes of Federalism and Jeffersonianism, McColley credits the Federalists with more humanity and liberality than the Republicans.' Jacksonian Democracy offers yet another target for a reassessment. Until now, the debunkers of Jacksonianism have concentrated on economics. For example, the consensus school of American historians argues that Jacksonians were not disinterested servants of the common man, but merely opportunists who wanted money and power-goals hardly unknown or unacceptable to most Americans today. More significant than a reassessment of its economic motives would be the historical judgment that the Jacksonian party operated as a conscious and active agent of the slave power. Is it possible that Jacksonian Democrats, the self-proclaimed champions of the Jeffersonian tradition, also inherited and practiced its pro-southern, proslavery bias? Assuming that
Analysis on Abnormal Fall of DC Voltage in Converter Low Voltage Test for UHVDC Transmission Project Commissioning

For further understanding the characteristics of low voltage tests for direct current(DC) transmission projects,we analyzed the abnormal falling of direct voltage in the low voltage test of Pole Ⅰ valve at Jinping station during the first subsystem commissioning of Jinping—Sunan ultra high voltage direct current(UHVDC) project in China.On the basis of the characteristics of the DC voltage wave,DC voltage magnitude,and the cycle of the voltage falling,we studied the factors affecting the low voltage test,including the test power source,test circuit,DC pole control,and valve control systems,and the conclusions were verified by EMTDC simulations.It is found that the first 8 pulses of a 12 pulses cycle of DC voltage are normal at 200 V;however,the 9th pulse drops to 0 V suddenly,then from the 10th pulse to the 12th pulse,the DC voltage recovers and stays at 100 V;the process repeats in every period.Consequently,we estimated that the fault valve control system caused some valves to misfire,and led to the abnormal drop of DC voltage.The estimation was proved by the accordance of the simulated valve-non-acting waveform in EMTDC with the recorded waveforms in actual tests.According to the result,a faulty optical fiber in the firing circuit was found,and the typical waveform under one-valve failure of a 12 pulse converter in low voltage tests was obtained.The practical research and simulation revealed the reasons of abnormality.Meanwhile,a better understanding of possible problems during the test,especially the characteristics of misfiring wave,was obtained,which would be reference for following practical projects and studies.
Depression and key associated factors in female sex workers and women living with HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic.

Little is known about the mental health of female sex workers and women living with HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic, which impedes HIV prevention, testing, and treatment. This project estimates the prevalence of depression and identifies key contributing factors to this outcome in female sex workers, women living with HIV/AIDS, and a comparison group. Participants were female sex workers (N = 349), women living with HIV/AIDS (N = 213), and a comparison group of HIV-negative women who were not sex workers (N = 314) from the Dominican Republic. Participants completed questionnaires assessing demographic characteristics and depression. Female sex workers and women living with HIV/AIDS completed additional questionnaires ascertaining HIV or sex work-related internalized stigma. Depression was prevalent among female sex workers (70.2%), women living with HIV/AIDS (81.1%), and the comparison group (52.2%). Adjusted logistic regressions showed that internalized stigma was associated with depression for female...
Periodic nonalternating ocular skew deviation accompanied by head tilt and pathologic lid retraction

A 60-year-old black male with a 13-year history of adult onset diabetes mellitus and hypertension with a previous lacunar stroke suddenly developed a periodic head and eye movement disorder characterized by nonalternating skew deviation, rotatory nystagmus, head tilt, and lid retraction. On CT scan, the patient had a lacunar infarct in the right midbrain in the region of the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, an anatomical area involved with head tilt, torsional eye movement, and skew deviation.
Plant Starch Synthesis

Abstract This chapter reviews enzymic reactions involved in starch synthesis in higher plants and algae. Existing information on the properties of various starch biosynthetic enzymes in the plant, algal, and cyanobacterial systems will be described and compared. Alteration of starch structure due to the mutational effects on these biosynthetic enzymes allows postulation for some specific functions for starch synthases and branching enzymes. Finally regulation of starch synthesis at the enzymatic level will be discussed and in relation to this regulation, recent results indicating how starch content has been increased in certain plants will be indicated. A previous chapter (Shannon and Garwood, l984) in the second edition of Starch Chemistry and Technology discusses the various maize endosperm mutants or mutant combinations (26 of them) that shows an effect on the quantity or the nature of the starch formed and is still of interest. This information remains of interest and the reader is referred to that review.
611 Safe kids @ home–a survey on chinese families’ perspectives on indoor air quality at home

Background WHO put air pollution is one of the largest environmental risks, but people are more concerned about Outdoor Air Quality (OAQ) but little about Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). People’s indoor activities accounts 70% to 90% time of a day. Children may stay longer. This survey is to learn Chinese families perspectives on IAQ, identify knowledge and behaviour gap and collect insights on IAQ promotion. Methods 10 cities were selected based on geography and year average PM2.5. 100 school-aged children’s families participated the survey in each city. Data from 1000 school-aged children was collected through school teachers. Children marked their choices on the questionnaire sheets while teacher reading the questions and choices. Data from 1000 parents was collected online. Parents got an survey invitation with online survey links, they completed the online survey and returned a signed feedback slip to school teacher. Results 80% of the families consider OAQ as “worse”. A limited knowledge of PM 2.5 and its impact, such as 31% of kids have NEVER heard about the word PM 2.5 and 54% of parent do not know the “safety level” of indoor PM 2.5 by WHO. Chemicals, bacteria and viruses are the most concerned ingredients on IAQ at home. An obvious gap between knowing and doing, such as smoking was rated as No. 1 bad for IAQ at home (72%), but 58% of the parents were observed smoking at home. High consensus on improving IAQ at home with 87% families supporting actions on No Smoking, Ventilation, Green-materials for decoration and More greenery. Conclusions The awareness on IAQ low while the need on IAQ is high. An obvious gap between knowing and doing on smoking at home. Great opportunities to conduct IAQ at home with majority families’ support especially actions on No Smoking, Ventilation, Green-materials for decoration and more Greenery.
Defining Health Insurance

This chapter introduces the topic of health insurance. Health insurance can be thought of mainly as a form of healthcare finance, the mechanism by which people pay for healthcare. The majority of healthcare payments come well after the time that services are rendered, and payments come mainly from third parties. Like any economic service, there is a market for healthcare finance with a demand side and a supply side. Unlike many services that are purchased on credit, healthcare is a highly subjective product owing to the subjective nature of health. As a result, health insurance is not the only, nor necessarily the best, way to pay for healthcare. One of the most salient features of the health insurance market is how much it has grown over the past century. Health insurance originated in a number of financial products and organizations—mutual benefit societies, traditional insurance companies, employers, and even healthcare providers. Eventually, health insurance became professionalized, moving from a bespoke product on a small scale to a large industry that financed the majority of healthcare services. Along the way, public policy and regulation played a crucial role in health insurance by defining what was considered health insurance, by setting the parameters of acceptable forms of insurance, and eventually by directly providing health insurance for a large portion of the population. A complex aspect of health insurance policy is that the academic literature concerning health insurance is split into three separate but related fields. The main field that is concerned with health insurance is health economics, which defines health as a form of capital, meaning a valuable asset that people own, as described at greater length in Chap. 2. The field of risk management and insurance (RMI) covers the economics of insurance, and so findings from that literature are crucial to an understanding of health insurance. Finally, health capital is ultimately an asset with a subjective value, so judging effectiveness is more complex in health than in other lines of insurance. As a result, the findings from the health services literature are relevant to a study of health insurance. Integrating these three fields into a fuller understanding of health insurance is both the purpose of this book, and the way to develop policies that can increase the value of health insurance as described in Chap. 9.
Theorizing the IT Governance Role in IT Sourcing Research

Previous research has identified significant risks involved in IT sourcing, which can undermine business performance. IT governance research has proposed mechanisms to mitigate some of these risks. While this relationship seems evident, it remains unexplored in most IT sourcing research. Our review of IT sourcing articles published in the top three IS journals shows that, only 48% addressed governance issues, and fewer (36%) modelled its effect on IT sourcing. As such, opportunities to address IT sourcing issues from the perspective of IT governance are underutilized. We identify this gap, and provide a roadmap for researchers to explicitly tie IT sourcing to IT governance. We contribute by developing a framework to explore a large body of work and systematically analyzed and categorized it to reveal theoretical underpinnings and major findings. Furthermore, we identify gaps in the literature relating to specific governance mechanisms, and propose research questions to motivate future research.
Theorizing the Use of Aesthetic Texts in Social Studies Education

The researching and practicing of social studies education is often infused with poetry, art, literature, film, photography, and music. Engagements with and production of these aesthetic texts can promote critical thinking, foster empathetic thinking, and aid historical analysis. This article provides 3 potential theoretical explorations for why this might be so. The authors theorize aesthetic encounters in social studies education by deploying the terms of aesthetic experience, aesthetic conflict, and relational aesthetics. Each of those theoretical terms aids in the exploration of why aesthetic texts are so compelling and crucially important for social studies education. Further, these theoretical terms have potential to frame future research within social studies education. The complicated aesthetic dimension to powerful social studies pedagogy, research, and practice is described herein.
Right Hepatic Lobe Resection and Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia has previously been reported after right lobe resection for organ donation. The mechanism(s) of low platelets after right hepatectomy is unclear and several hypotheses have been proposed including a decrease in thrombopoietin, and hepatic insufficiency resulting in relative portal hypertension following hepatic resection. However, there has previously not been any comparison between patients who undergo hepatic resection for neoplasia vs. for living organ donation. We compared platelet values in the postoperative period of patients who underwent right hepatectomy for living donation (n = 93) to those who underwent hepatectomy for neoplasia (n = 21). There was no significant difference in platelet values between the two groups at one month (291.2 ± 100 vs. 285.73 ± 159, p = NS), three months (223.8 ± 61 vs. 185.27 ± 80, p = NS) and at 12 months (212 ± 44 vs. 191 ± 60, p = NS). We conclude that thrombocytopenia is not uncommon following hepatic lobe resection, and is unaffected by the indication for hepatectomy.
Gender differences in tibial microvascular flow responses to head down tilt and lower body negative pressure.

The purpose of the investigation was to study lower body negative pressure recovery in response to head down tilt position in men and women. The study examined the primary hypothesis that tibial bone microvascular flow responses to HDT and lower body negative pressure (LBNP) differ in women and men. Nine women and nine men between 20 to 30 years of age participated in the study. Tibial microvascular flow, head and tibial oxygenation and calf circumference were measured using photoplethysmography (PPG), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and strain gauge plethysmography (SGP), respectively, during sitting (control baseline), supine, 15° HDT, and 15° HDT with 25 mmHg LBNP Tibial microvascular flow with HDT increased by 57% from supine position (from 1.4V ± 0.7 to 2.2V ± 1.0 HDT; ANOVA P < 0.05) in men but there is no significant difference between supine and HDT in women. Ten minutes of LBNP during 15o HDT restored tibial bone microvascular flows to supine levels, (from 2.2V±1.0 HDT to 1.1V ± 0.7 supine; ANOVA P < 0.05) in men but not in women. These data support the concept that there are gender specific microvascular responses to a fluid-shift countermeasure such as LBNP Thus, gender differences should be considered while developing future countermeasure strategies to headward fluid shifts in microgravity.
Inclusion of wheat and triticale silage in the diet of lactating dairy cows

The objective of this experiment was to partially replace corn silage with 2 alternative forages, wheat (Triticum aestivum) or triticale (X Triticosecale) silages at 10% of the diet dry matter (DM), and investigate the effects on dairy cow productivity, nutrient utilization, enteric CH4 emissions, and farm income over feed costs. Wheat and triticale were planted in the fall as cover crops and harvested in the spring at the boot stage. Neutral- and acid-detergent fiber and lignin concentrations were higher in the wheat and triticale silages compared with corn silage. The forages had similar ruminal in situ effective degradability of DM. Both alternative forages had 1% starch or less compared with the approximately 35% starch in corn silage. Diets with the alternative forages were fed in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design experiment with three 28-d periods and 12 Holstein cows. The control diet contained 44% (DM basis) corn silage. In the other 2 diets, wheat or triticale silages were included at 10% of dietary DM, replacing corn silage. Dry matter intake was not affected by diet, but both wheat and triticale silage decreased yield of milk (41.4 and 41.2 vs. 42.7 ± 5.18 kg/d) and milk components, compared with corn silage. Milk fat from cows fed the alternative forage diets contained higher concentrations of 4:0, 6:0, and 18:0 and tended to have lower concentrations of total trans fatty acids. Apparent total-tract digestibility of DM and organic matter was decreased in the wheat silage diet, and digestibility of neutral-and acid-detergent fiber was increased in the triticale silage diet. The wheat and triticale silage diets resulted in higher excretion of urinary urea, higher milk urea N, and lower milk N efficiency compared with the corn silage diet. Enteric CH4 emission per kilogram of energy-corrected milk was highest in the triticale silage diet, whereas CO2 emission was decreased by both wheat and triticale silage. This study showed that, at milk production of around 42 kg/d, wheat silage and triticale silage can partially replace corn silage DM and not affect DM intake, but milk yield may decrease slightly. For dairy farms in need of more forage, triticale or wheat double cropped with corn silage may be an appropriate cropping strategy.
Abstract 318: The Role of PKC-alpha in NCC-Mediated Hypertension

The sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC) is an essential regulator of sodium transport in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT); functional aberrations will lead to dysregulation of blood pressure. Although this role is well-accepted, the mechanisms accounting for increased distal nephron sodium reabsorption is not completely understood. Previously published data from the Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses (PEAR) Study has demonstrated that a polymorphism in PKC-alpha may lead to an increased sensitivity to thiazide diuretics. To investigate whether PKC-alpha may be altering blood pressure via NCC, PKC-alpha KO (PKC KO) and PKC Control (Ctl) mice were used to measure blood pressure via radiotelemetry after normal and high salt (HS, 4%) dietary manipulations and Western blot analysis performed using kidney lysates. Using radiotelemetry (DSI) measurements obtained over an 18 hour ‘active’ time period, we report a significant increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the PKC KO mice as compared to control (123.2±1.1 mmHg vs. 102.0±0.77 mmHg, p
Chronic Osteomyelitis of the Distal Femur Treated with Resection and Delayed Endoprosthetic Reconstruction: A Report of Three Cases.

Chronic osteomyelitis involving the distal femur often results in amputation or arthrodesis. This article presents three cases of chronic osteomyelitis treated with a staged approach culminating in endoprosthetic reconstruction. Stage one involved resection of infected bone and placement of an intramedullary nail spanning the bony defect between proximal femur and tibia, with antibiotic cement packed around the nail. Patients were then placed on long-term IV +/− oral antibiotics to clear the infection. A “cooldown” period was then used between stages where patients were off antibiotics and inflammatory markers were monitored for signs of remaining infection. Stage two then involved reconstruction of the distal femur and knee with an endoprosthesis. In the appropriate patient, this treatment strategy offers another option in this challenging population.
«Diarios de noticias sobresalientes en Lima y Noticias de Europa (1700-1711)», Nueva York, Instituto de Estudios Auriseculares (IDEA), 2015.

Review of Paul Firbas y Jose A. Rodriguez Garrido (eds.), Diarios de noticias sobresalientes en Lima y Noticias de Europa (1700-1711). Volumen 1 (1700-1705), New York, Instituto de Estudios Auriseculares (IDEA), 2015, 377 pp.
LGBTQ+ Latinx young adults’ health autonomy in resisting cultural stigma

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer/questioning (LGBTQ+) young people of colour are exposed to intersecting dynamics of social prejudice and discrimination related to sexuality and gender...
Identification of New Nonrandom Translocations in Multiple Myeloma With Multicolor Spectral Karyotyping

Multicolor spectral karyotyping (SKY) was performed on bone marrow samples from 50 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) in anticipation of discovering new previously unidentified translocations. All samples showed complex karyotypes with chromosome aberrations which, in most cases, were not fully characterized by G-banding. Patients of special interest were those who showed add(14)(q32), add(8)(q24) and those whose G-banding karyotypes showed poor chromosome morphology. Three new recurring chromosome translocations not previously reported in MM were identified. Two of the translocations involve recurring aberrations at band 14q32.3, the site of the IgH locus, with different exchange partners. The most frequently recurring rearrangement was a subtle translocation at 14q32.3 designated as a t(14;16)(q32;q22 approximately 23), which was identified in six patients. A second and larger translocation at 14q32, identified in two patients, was designated as a t(9;14)(p13;q32), previously associated with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia and lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma. A third translocation, identified in two patients, involved a whole-arm t(6;8)(p10;q10) translocation. The SKY technique was able to refine the designations of over 156 aberrations not fully characterized by G-banding in this study and resolved additional chromosome aberrations in every patient studied except two. The t(14;16)(q32;q22 approximately 23) identified by SKY in this study suggests this may be a frequent translocation in MM associated with complex karyotypes and disease progression. Therefore, the SKY technique provides a useful adjunct to routine G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies in the cytogenetic analysis of MM.
The Conversion Coefficient of Some Gamma Rays in In113, In115, Xe129, and Xe133

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the conversion coefficient of a few gamma-ray transitions. The method of the conversion coefficient determination is to simultaneously measure the electron spectrum and the unconverted gamma-ray spectrum from a standard source and then measure the electron and the unconverted gamma-ray spectrum of the source in question in an identical geometry. The standard source is so chosen as to have a gamma ray with well-determined conversion coefficient of energy as nearly equal as possible to the gamma ray of the source under study. In a study described in the chapter, the electron spectra were studied in a Gerholm-type beta-ray spectrometer and in a Si-Li spectrometer. The gamma-ray spectra were measured in a NaI (Tl) spectrometer or a Ge-Li spectrometer. In the studies of In 113 , In 115 , Xe 129 , the 412-keV transition in Hg 195 from Au 198 was utilized, and in the study of Xe 133 , Cs 137 source was used as a standard.
Bubbles, Conservation Laws, and Balanced Diagrams

A bubble is one physical system which can be modelled by a constant mean curvature surface in Euclidean three space R 3. Guided by common experience with bubbles, a natural question has been: Must a compact constant mean curvature surface M in R 3 be a round sphere?
Startup founders and their LinkedIn connections: Are well-connected entrepreneurs more successful?

Abstract For the past 40 years, entrepreneurs and researchers have assumed that entrepreneur networks are important for startup ventures. This study takes this notion further by testing whether these benefits translate into tangible financial outcomes for a startup. For this purpose, the study integrates two extensive databases that have not been studied together in previous research: Crunchbase.com, which provides information on the financial success of startup companies, and LinkedIn, which provides social network information of founders. The analysis revealed that several variables in LinkedIn profiles were positively correlated with the amount of funds raised by startup companies establishing a link between social networks and entrepreneurial success. The average number of followers that the founders of a company had according to their LinkedIn profile was the strongest predictor of the amount of funds raised by companies.
More Prescriptions, More Problems: Can Information Technology Help?

* Abbreviations: DDI — : drug–drug interaction EHR — : electronic health record In this issue of Pediatrics , Qato et al1 present a detailed analysis of the prevalence of prescription drug use by children in the United States based on the NHANES. With their results, they point out not only the substantial number of children who are on a prescription drug at any given time (between 1 in 7 and 1 in 5 depending on age and sex) but also the number who are concurrently on >1 prescription drug and are potentially at risk for drug–drug interactions (DDIs). They conclude, reasonably, that preventive efforts to improve the safe use of medications by children should promote public and health professional awareness of the increased risks associated with the concurrent use of prescription and over-the-counter medications.1 However, raising professional awareness is unlikely to be enough. In fact, professional education results in only small changes in clinical practice.2 Moreover, as a general pediatrician, I rarely (if ever) prescribe many of the medications … Address correspondence to Stephen M. Downs, MD, MS, Children’s Health Services Research, 410 W. 10th St, HS2000, Indianapolis, IN 46202. E-mail: stmdowns{at}iu.edu
Structural Ignorance of Christian Privilege.

Despite claims of a so-called war on Christmas, Christmas in the United States is still celebrated widely in public spaces. The question is why some people ignore, what some scholars call, their Christian privilege? In this paper, we explore the ignoring of Christian privilege in one public space: USA elementary schools. Using 27 interviews, we show that most of the teachers/administrators adopted what we are calling Christian ignorance –– a structural ignorance rooted in normative cognitive schemas that creates and maintains Christian privilege.
The effect of pleural fluid layers on lung surface wave speed measurement: Experimental and numerical studies on a sponge lung phantom.

Abstract Pleural effusion manifests as compression of pleural fluid on the lung parenchyma contributing to hypoxemia. Medical procedures such as drainage of plural fluid releases this compression and increases oxygenation. However, the effect of pleural effusion on the elasticity of lung parenchyma is unknown. By using lung ultrasound surface wave elastography (LUSWE) and finite element method (FEM), the effect of pleural effusion on the elasticity of superficial lung parenchyma in terms of surface wave speed measurement was evaluated in a sponge phantom study. Different thicknesses of ultrasound transmission gel used to simulated pleural fluid were inserted into a condom, which was placed between the sponge and standoff pad. A mechanical shaker was used to generate vibration on the sponge phantom at different frequencies ranging from 100 to 300 Hz while the ultrasound transducer was used to capture the motion for measurement of surface wave speed of the sponge. FEM was conducted based on the experimental setup and numerically assessed the influence of pleural effusion on the surface wave speed of the sponge. We found from FEM experiments that the influence of thickness of ultrasound transmission gel was statistically insignificant on the surface wave speed of the sponge at 100 and 150 Hz.
Research in Academia: Creating and Maintaining High Performance Research Teams

As universities strive to raise their academic rank through the quality and quantity of scholarship in order to maintain their competitive edge and funding sources, faculty face pressure to increase number of publications and externally funded research (or project proposals). There are many challenges that make it difficult for faculty to meet a university’s research demand, such as increased work load in academia, teaching large-size classes of students, and other strict university deadlines related to book ordering, scheduling classes, posting grades, etc. Faculty work group conflicts, faculty incivility, and dwindling grant/research funding add to faculty stress. In order to promote scholarship in academia, administrative support, collaborative work environments, mentoring, and appropriate appraisal systems are needed to enable faculty to be more productive and satisfied.
Design Studies for the Optimization of 238Pu Production in NpO2 Targets Irradiated at the High Flux Isotope Reactor

Efforts to reestablish a domestic 238Pu production capability in support of National Aeronautics and Space Administration mission objectives are ongoing throughout the U.S. Department of Energy com...