cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Komplikationen und Spätfolgen nach urologischen Eingriffen am Darm

Die Ableitung des Urins uber aus der Kontinuitat ausgeschaltete oder nicht ausgeschaltete Darmabschnitte fuhrt innerhalb eines Intervalls von 6 bis 12 Monaten zu einer ausgepragten Atrophie der bis dahin intakten Darmschleimhaut. Dies druckt sich klinisch dadurch aus, das die zunachst als Folge re-sorptiver und sekretorischer Vorgange in Erscheinung tretenden metabolischen Veranderungen bzw. Elektrolytverschiebungen mit zunehmendem Abstand zum operativen Eingriff an klinischer Wirksamkeit verlieren. Fur die Ureterosigmoidostomie gilt dies allerdings nur mit Einschrankungen. Eine inzwischen allgemein akzeptierte gravierende Folgeerscheinung dieser Form der Harnableitung ist die Entstehung von Adenokarzinomen (Abb.1). Seit der Erstbeschreibung eines solchen durch Ureterosigmoidostomie induzierten Tumors (1929) sind mehr als 100 weitere Falle beschrieben worden. Atiologisch wird eine endogene Nitrosaminentstehung bedingt durch die gemeinsame Ableitung von Stuhl und Urin angenommen. Aus den bisher vorliegenden Publikationen [8] zur Frage der Tumorentwicklung nach Ureterosigmoidostomie geht hervor, das die Latenz zwischen Operation und Tumornachweis im Schnitt bei 20 Jahren liegt und danach jeder 4. Patient mit dieser Form der Harnableitung an einem Sigma-Karzinom erkrankt. Wahrend das Altersmittel des „normalen“ Sigmakarzinompatienten 69,1 Jahre betragt, liegt das der Patienten mit Tumorbildung nach Ureterosigmoidostomie bei 33 Jahren (Tabelle 1).
Synthesis-Based Low-Cost Gaze Analysis

Gaze analysis has gained much popularity over the years due to its relevance in a wide array of applications, including human-computer interaction, fatigue detection, and clinical mental health diagnosis. However, accurate gaze estimation from low resolution images outside of the lab (in the wild) still proves to be a challenging task. The new Intel low-cost RealSense 3D camera, capable of acquiring sub-millimeter resolution depth information, is currently available in laptops, and such technology is expected to become ubiquitous in other portable devices. In this paper, we focus on low-cost, scalable and real time analysis of human gaze using this RealSense camera. We exploit the direct measurement of eye surface geometry captured by the RGB-D camera, and perform gaze estimation through novel synthesis-based training and testing. Furthermore, we synthesize different eye movement appearances using a linear approach. From each 3D eye training sample captured by the RealSense camera, we synthesize multiple novel 2D views by varying the view angle to simulate head motions expected at testing. We then learn from the synthesized 2D eye images a gaze regression model using regression forests. At testing, for each captured RGB-D eye image, we first repeat the same synthesis process. For each synthesized image, we estimate the gaze from our gaze regression model, and factor-out the associated camera/head motion. In this way, we obtain multiple gaze estimations for each RGB-D eye image, and the consensus is adopted. We show that this synthesis-based training and testing significantly improves the precision in gaze estimation, opening the door to true low-cost solutions.
Battle for Hearts and Minds

The post-9/11 public diplomacy campaign to win the hearts and minds of the Arab and Islamic world was one of the most intensive and expensive campaign in U.S. history. The early post-9/11 phase of public diplomacy (2001–2004) is particularly significant from a communication perspective because it set the tone and in some cases the parameters for how subsequent initiatives faired. U.S. public diplomacy launched ever more innovative initiatives to reach publics in the Arab and Islamic regions. Yet, rather than gaining audience’s trust, the initiative appeared to generate more distrust and further eroded America’s credibility. This chapter surveys the various initiatives as well as the public reaction.
Götterdämmerung und Götterglanz: Griechischer Polytheismus seit 1872

Unsere Zeitrechnung operiert mit Jahrzehnten und Jahrhunderten, schematischen Zeiteinheiten, an die sich der eigentliche Verlauf der Geschichte nur selten halt. Das gilt nicht nur fur die grosen Linien der Weltgeschichte, sondern auch fur die vergleichsweise verhaltenen und unterschwelligen Trends der Geistes-, Wissenschaftsund Kulturgeschichte und damit auch fur das moderne Verstandnis der griechischen Religion. Weder fur das Jahr 1900 noch fur die Endphase des gerade abgelaufenen Jahrhunderts sind fur die griechischen Gotter entscheidende Einsichten zu verzeichnen. Im Gegenteil, es blieb und bleibt um die Jahrhundertwende mit diesen Gottern alles beim alten, damals wie heute, wenn sich auch der Erkenntnisstand von 2000 deutlich von dem vor hundert Jahren unterscheidet. Anders als um 1900 schweben die griechischen Gotter nicht mehr als mythische Idealgestalten, personifizierte Natursymbole oder selbstsuchtige Kultempfanger im freien Raum, sondern sind voll in die Strukturen der Polis integriert. Die sporadischen Neuansatze, die dem Interesse an der griechischen Gotterwelt jeweils frischen Auftrieb geben, fallen erwartungsgemas zwischen die Zeitenwenden. Als sinnvoller Ausgangspunkt fur unsere Reflexionen bieten sich zwei sehr unterschiedliche Zeitperioden an, der Anfang der 30er Jahre bzw. das letzte Viertel des 19. Jahrhunderts, beginnend mit dem Jahr 1872. Ich habe mich bewust fur den fruheren Ansatz entschieden. Denn die Gedanken, die sich fuhrende Gelehrte wie Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff (1848–1931) oder Walter F. Otto (1874–1958) zwischen 1929 und 1933 in Berlin und Frankfurt uber die griechischen Gotter machten, hatten eine lange Vorgeschichte, die bis in die Basler Zeit von Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) zuruckgeht und daruber hinaus fruhe und heute fast vergessene Trendsetter und ›Theologen‹ des griechischen Polytheismus wie Friedrich Creuzer (1771–1858) und Friedrich Gottlieb Welcker (1784–1868) einschliest.1
Recognizing and Treating Comorbidities of IPF

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and unrelenting disease whose natural history may be complicated by multiple comorbidities. Among these, this chapter will highlight the prevalence, clinical approach, and management of the following: acute exacerbation (AE), combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE), pulmonary hypertension (PH), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), thromboembolic disease, cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, and end-of-life care.
Zero bias anomaly in Andreev reflection spectroscopy

Zero bias anomalies have been observed in point contact Andreev reflection spectroscopy using conventional superconductors, and they cannot be suppressed by a highly spin-polarized current. By systematically varying the size of the point contact, the anomalies are found to be evolved from conductance dips outside the superconducting gap. These anomalies, which depend on the size of the interface, are not intrinsic to the superconductors but due to a large resistance change when the contact region is driven to normal by an Oersted field.
Small Joint Injections

Small joint injections are routinely performed for diagnostic purposes to confirm site of pain or for therapeutic purposes for inflammatory or degenerative arthritis, and aid in surgical planning of arthrodesis or ligamentous reconstruction.
ELISA for Monitoring Nerve Growth Factor

Nerve growth factor (NGF), a neurotrophin critical to neuronal viability, has become a popular research focus for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) allow the quantification of cellular proteins, such as NGF, secreted into conditioned culture media. However, off-the-shelf reagents and kit components may require optimization depending on the specific specimens and/or antibodies that will be utilized with the ELISA assay. Herein we describe a protocol for developing a sandwich ELISA, incorporating NGF-specific primary and secondary antibodies capable of detecting NGF at concentrations as low as 10 pg/mL.
Evaluation of H-bridge and half-bridge resonant converters in capacitive-coupled wireless charging

This paper compares two main topologies used for capacitive-coupled consumer wireless charging which has several advantages over inductive coupling including lower cost and no shielding requirements. There has been minimal data in the literature on preferred transmitter topologies. Two types of transmission systems are compared in simulations and experiments. An experimental charging system was built and tested with the evaluation of efficiency of h-bridge and half bridge transmitters. Preliminary experimental results indicate that the h-bridge is both economically and efficiency-wise advantageous over the half bridge in this application. The overall results show that the H-bridge is more efficient even though it has more semiconductor switching devices causing it to have a slightly higher cost. Immediate future work is implementation of closed-loop control for receiver-side voltage regulation.
Special Section Guest Editorial: Digital Pathology.

The special section on digital pathology in the Journal of Medical Imaging is a reflection of the growing research interest in the field and an attempt to showcase the exciting developments in image analytics and machine learning on digitized tissue slides. The call for papers for the special section went out in the spring of 2016, and in response to the call, we received a total of 12 papers. Each of the papers was handled by one of the three guest editors for the special section and was submitted to a rigorous review process involving at least two reviewers. Of the 12 papers, 7 were accepted, reflecting a 67% acceptance rate.
Xenobiotic Receptor-Mediated Carcinogenesis

A variety of xenobiotics such as dioxin, peroxisome proliferators, hormones, and phorbol esters result in tumors without directly damaging DNA. Instead, these compounds are classified as tumor promoters and their mode of action includes affecting cellular proliferation, apoptosis, or differentiation. The manner in which the aforementioned chemicals affect cellular fate is by altering gene expression initiated by interacting with soluble, intracellular receptors. The targets of receptor-mediated carcinogens include nuclear hormone receptors, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, protein kinase C (PKC), and protein phosphatase 2A. In this article, the structure, function, and regulation of these proteins, as well as the downstream events that result from tumor promoters interacting with their cognate receptor, are described.
Triangulations of root polytopes and reduced forms (Extended abstract)

The type $A_n$ root polytope $\mathcal{P}(A_n^+)$ is the convex hull in $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ of the origin and the points $e_i-e_j$ for $1 \leq i < j \leq n+1$. Given a tree $T$ on vertex set $[n+1]$, the associated root polytope $\mathcal{P}(T)$ is the intersection of $\mathcal{P}(A_n^+)$ with the cone generated by the vectors $e_i-e_j$, where $(i, j) \in E(T)$, $i < j$. The reduced forms of a certain monomial $m[T]$ in commuting variables $x_{ij}$ under the reduction $x_{ij} x_{jk} \to x_{ik} x_{ij} + x_{jk} x_{ik} + \beta x_{ik}$, can be interpreted as triangulations of $\mathcal{P}(T)$. If we allow variables $x_{ij}$ and$x_{kl}$ to commute only when $i, j, k, l$ are distinct, then the reduced form of $m[T]$ is unique and yields a canonical triangulation of $\mathcal{P}(T)$ in which each simplex corresponds to a noncrossing alternating forest.
Challenges of Implementing Free and Open Source Software (FOSS): Evidence from the Indian Educational Setting

The use of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS), a subset of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), can reduce the cost of purchasing software. Despite the benefit in the initial purchase price of software, deploying software requires total cost that goes beyond the initial purchase price. Total cost is a silent issue of FOSS and can only be evaluated in the particular environment in which it is adopted, in this case Kerala, India, fora state-level FOSS project called IT@School. This project is one of the largest deployments of free open source software FOSS-based ICT education in the world and impacts 6 million students and 200,000 teachers every year. This study analyzes the perception of 43 senior FOSS implementation project officials. It details how FOSS was introduced and reports on major challenges and how those challenges were overcome in a secondary educational setting in India. Email interviews, document analysis, and online case studies were used to collect the data. The lack of adequate resources to train the teachers was the single biggest challenge in the adoption of FOSS. The emerging strategies for efficient FOSS implementation could be used in other states in India and in other developing countries.
Algebraic Approach to Hadronic Structure

The algebraic approach to hadronic structure based on the algebra of U(4) to describe string excitations is briefly reviewed. Results for (q\(\overline{q}\)) configurations are presented. Work in progress to describe (qqq) and (qq\(\overline{qq}\)) configurations is also discussed.
Affordances of mHealth technology and the structuring of clinic communication

ABSTRACTCareful examination of communicative outcomes of mHealth technology is critical for understanding its capacity to shape the clinical interview and structure clinic communication. Drawing on a communicative affordances framework and adopting a video-based inductive analytic approach, we extend the concept of actualizations. We do so by examining the in situ communicative actions afforded by a mHealth web interface utilized during medication titration interviews with parents of children beginning stimulant medication for ADHD. We find that the web interface served five broad communicative functions that provided opportunities for improving information accuracy and for rendering clinical reasoning transparent, while jeopardizing opportunities for parents to narrativize medication experiences. We discuss clinical, theoretical, and methodological implications.
Mechanisms of Olfaction

Molecular mechanisms of olfaction have been intensively studied in the last quarter century. Receptors by which olfactory stimuli are detected are vastly different between different animal species and even between different olfactory organs of the same species. This chapter includes a description of the anatomy of the mammalian olfactory system and an overview of the receptors. The signaling mechanism and expression pattern of these receptors is discussed along with how the brain decodes olfactory information gathered from the environment and then translates these signals into behaviors. This chapter also contains brief comparison of the fish, insect and nematode olfactory receptors.
Anatomy Of An Acquisition: The Challenges Of Selling A Privately Held Electronics Manufacturing Company

Sweeny Electronics is a family-owned S Corporation based in St. Paul, Minnesota. The company was started in 1946 by a returning army veteran, Frank Sweeney, and focused on the heating, air quality and cooling markets. The company has survived numerous recessions, market consolidations, and manufacturing challenges. The company is currently run by the third generation of the Sweeney family, George Sweeney, who is the current owner and CEO, is approaching retirement age. The board of directors has seven members: George Sweeney, his wife Jane and five members of the business community. Under the direction of the CEO, the board has determined that there is no “heir apparent” in the family or in the current management team. They have elected to hire an investment banking firm to position the company for an asset-based sale. Sweeney would like to sell the company for estate planning purposes and allow him to transition to a consulting role with the new owner.
Optimal Map-Based Mode Selection and Powertrain Control for a Multi-Mode Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle

This paper presents an optimal map-based mode selection and powertrain control for a multi-mode plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. The best mode map and best operation maps for powertrain components are generated using Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) to minimize equivalent fuel cost at each operating point. The performance of optimal map-based control is compared with production vehicle rule-based control using experimental vehicle data from Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) chassis dynamometer testing.
Non-Invasive Ventilatory Support In the Elderly.

The first description of non-invasive ventilation use began in the 1920s. Since then, its role in patient care has evolved through increased clinical knowledge and scientific advancements. The utilization of non-invasive ventilation has broadened from initial application in acute in-hospital ICU settings to now include the outpatient settings. This review discusses the history of non-invasive ventilation and its role in acute in-hospital chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and weaning from mechanical ventilation in the elderly. The elderly population represents a significant portion of patients hospitalized for the aforementioned conditions. These groups often have more limitations related to the use of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV); therefore, it is essential to understand the impact of non-invasive ventilation on hospital outcomes. There is strong clinical evidence supporting the use of non-invasive ventilation in patients with respiratory failure secondary to acute COPD exacerbations and cardiogenic pulmonary edema. When compared to standard medical management of these conditions, there is a consistent and significant reduction in the rate of endotracheal intubation and in-hospital mortality. The basis of non-invasive ventilation applicability has been determined by significant reduction in mortality and intubation rates. Although survival benefits have been observed, there still remain limitations to the clinical applicability of non-invasive ventilation in certain patient populations and conditions that require further investigation.
The Fundamentals of Complex Adaptive Systems

Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) is a framework for studying, explaining, and understanding systems of agents that collectively combine to form emergent, global level properties. These agents can be nearly anything, from ants or bees, to brain cells, to water particles in a weather pattern, to groups of cars or people in a city or town. These agents produce emergent patterns via correlated feedbacks throughout the system, feedbacks that create and fortify a basin of attraction: a persistent pattern of behavior that itself is outside of equilibrium. There is also an ever-growing understanding that similar features in complex systems across a diversity of domains may indicate similar fundamental principles at work, and as such there is often utility in using the key features of one system to gain insight into the workings of seemingly distinct fields. Here we also include a brief review of multiple models that attempt to do exactly this, including some of our previous work. Though there is not complete agreement on all aspects and definitions in this field, this introduction also summarizes our understanding of what defines a CAS, including the concepts of complexity, agents, adaptation, feedbacks, emergence, and self-organization; and places this definition and its key features in a historical context. Finally we briefly discuss two of the common biases often found that the tools of CAS can help counteract: the hierarchical bias, assuming a strong top-down organization; and the complexity bias, the tendency to assign complicated features to agents that turn out to be quite simple.
Self-critical perfectionism and daily drinking to cope with negative emotional experiences among college students

Abstract The present study builds upon prior studies of perfectionism and drinking to cope to examine the role of self-critical perfectionism in the association between daily drinking to cope and negative emotional experiences (low positive affect and high negative affect). We analyzed data from 102 undergraduate student drinkers who completed a 7-day daily diary, reflecting at the end of their day each day on their affect and drinking motives. Multilevel modeling results indicated that, consistent with hypotheses, self-critical perfectionism and daily positive affect interacted to predict daily drinking to cope. As expected, we observed no difference in drinking to cope between individuals high and low in self-critical perfectionism at high positive affect (associated with lower levels of drinking to cope). Yet, also as hypothesized, at low levels of positive affect, individuals higher in self-critical perfectionism reported higher levels of drinking to cope than those lower in self-critical perfectionism. Individuals were also more likely to drink to cope with high negative affect compared to low negative affect, although the interaction with self-critical perfectionism was not supported. These results suggest that it is important to consider the impact of specific emotional states on coping, specifically drinking to cope behavior among self-critical perfectionists.
Rapid decline in ejection fraction and persistent elevation of troponin associated with cardiac amyloidosis.

Cardiac amyloidosis is an increasingly recognized cause of heart failure. It remains underdiagnosed despite a significant morbidity and mortality rate. The mean survival in patients with cardiac am...
The Oral Bioavailability of Peptides and Related Drugs

The discovery of diverse neuro- and hormonal peptides, as well as other biologically-active peptides, has prompted investigations into their therapeutic applications and to the design of peptide drugs. However a contributing factor to the therapeutic success of a drug is the availability of an oral formulation. For peptides and proteins, oral absorption and bioavailability is generally low (as shown in Table 2) relative to that expected of non-peptide drugs (for review see Humphrey & Ringrose, 1986). The purpose of this review is to describe the various barriers to, and mechanisms of absorption of peptide drugs, as well as, to discuss the relationship between physio-chemical properties and absorption (see Table 1).
Genotyping validates the efficacy of photographic identification in a capture-mark-recapture study based on the head scale patterns of the prairie lizard (Sceloporus consobrinus).

Population studies often incorporate capture-mark-recapture (CMR) techniques to gather information on long-term biological and demographic characteristics. A fundamental requirement for CMR studies is that an individual must be uniquely and permanently marked to ensure reliable reidentification throughout its lifespan. Photographic identification involving automated photographic identification software has become a popular and efficient noninvasive method for identifying individuals based on natural markings. However, few studies have (a) robustly assessed the performance of automated programs by using a double-marking system or (b) determined their efficacy for long-term studies by incorporating multi-year data. Here, we evaluated the performance of the program Interactive Individual Identification System (I3S) by cross-validating photographic identifications based on the head scale pattern of the prairie lizard (Sceloporus consobrinus) with individual microsatellite genotyping (N = 863). Further, we assessed the efficacy of the program to identify individuals over time by comparing error rates between within-year and between-year recaptures. Recaptured lizards were correctly identified by I3S in 94.1% of cases. We estimated a false rejection rate (FRR) of 5.9% and a false acceptance rate (FAR) of 0%. By using I3S, we correctly identified 97.8% of within-year recaptures (FRR = 2.2%; FAR = 0%) and 91.1% of between-year recaptures (FRR = 8.9%; FAR = 0%). Misidentifications were primarily due to poor photograph quality (N = 4). However, two misidentifications were caused by indistinct scale configuration due to scale damage (N = 1) and ontogenetic changes in head scalation between capture events (N = 1). We conclude that automated photographic identification based on head scale patterns is a reliable and accurate method for identifying individuals over time. Because many lizard or reptilian species possess variable head squamation, this method has potential for successful application in many species.
Preoperative ultrasound predicts the intraoperative diameter of the quadriceps tendon autograft more accurately than preoperative magnetic resonance imaging for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Sizing of potential autografts is essential to match the native anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) dimensions when performing ACL reconstruction (ACLR). We aimed to investigate the accuracy and reliability of the thickness and cross-sectional area (CSA) assessments for the prediction of the intraoperative diameter of the QT autograft using preoperative ultrasound and MRI. Thirty patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 19.9 ± 5.0 years), who underwent ACLR using QT autograft, were included. The maximum thickness of the QT was assessed at 15 and 30 mm proximal using ultrasound with a long axis image, and at 15 mm proximal to the superior pole of the patella using MRI with a sagittal image. The CSA was assessed at the central 10 mm of the medial–lateral QT width at 30 mm proximal using ultrasound with a short axis image, and at 15 mm proximal to the superior pole of the patella using MRI with an axial image. Intraoperatively, QT autograft was harvested with a 10 mm width and the diameter was measured using a graft sizing device. Intra- and inter-observer reliabilities of all measurements using ultrasound and MRI were good (Intra-class correlation coefficient, 0.720–0.941). Correlation coefficient with the intraoperative diameter of the QT autograft was higher in ultrasound (R = 0.738–0.791, P < 0.001) than MRI (R = 0.449–0.543, P = 0.002–0.013). Preoperative ultrasound predicted the intraoperative diameter of the QT autograft more accurately than MRI. Ultrasound may be used clinically to assure a sufficiently large QT autograft diameter to match the diameter of the patient’s native ACL. Level III.
Examining Variation in Emotional Distress among Individuals with a Cancer Diagnosis.

This study examined whether emotional distress among U.S. adults diagnosed with cancer was influenced by death rates, survival rates, and new cases based on cancer type and individual-level variabl...
Poly(beta-amino ester) nanoparticles enable tumor-specific TRAIL secretion and a bystander effect to treat liver cancer

Despite initial promise, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-based approaches to cancer treatment have yet to yield a clinically approved therapy, due to delivery challenges, a lack of potency, and drug resistance. To address these challenges, we have developed poly(beta-amino ester) (PBAE) nanoparticles (NPs), as well as an engineered cDNA sequence encoding a secretable TRAIL (sTRAIL) protein, to enable reprogramming of liver cancer cells to locally secrete TRAIL protein. We show that sTRAIL initiates apoptosis in transfected cells and has a bystander effect to non-transfected cells. To address TRAIL resistance, NP treatment is combined with histone deacetylase inhibitors, resulting in >80% TRAIL-mediated cell death in target cancer cells and significantly slowed xenograft tumor growth. This anti-cancer effect is specific to liver cancer cells, with up to 40-fold higher cell death in HepG2 cancer cells over human hepatocytes. By combining cancer-specific TRAIL NPs with small-molecule-sensitizing drugs, this strategy addresses multiple challenges associated with TRAIL therapy and offers a new potential approach for cancer treatment.
Computation of optimum parameters to achieve the intrusion of mandibular central incisor and mandibular canine for deep bite treatment

Abstract Deep bite is a condition in which the maxillary and mandibular arch of teeth overlap with each other. Mandibular central incisor and mandibular canine are extruded significantly in this case. Hence, they need to intrude apically. The segmented arch technique is more effective than any other method for the correction of deep bite. However, there is no significant research to use a segmented arch technique in lingual orthodontics. Hence, the aim of the present research study is to specify accurate tilt (toe) angles in lingual orthodontics (LiO) required for intrusion of the mandibular central incisor and mandibular canine tooth for different positions from respective occlusal plane and to state comparative assessment of required tilt angles for both the teeth. For this purpose, single intrusive force was considered to act from top surface of a lingual bracket of the mandibular tooth. The position of application of intrusive force was considered from two factors, i.e. horizontal distance of bracket top surface from tooth surface and vertical distance of bracket top surface from an occlusal plane. In the present study, four different values of vertical distance of bracket top surface from an occlusal plane were considered. Thus, four different positions of application of intrusive force were considered for both the teeth (mandibular central incisor and mandibular canine). Required (optimum) tilt angles were computed mathematically for each tooth to pass the intrusive force vector through Cres. It is then verified with finite element analysis of CAD models of tooth assemblies. For the mandibular central incisor, the tilt angle was found to be 0° for vertical distance of 3 mm from an occlusal plane (OP). While, for mandibular canine, the tilt angle was found to be 0° for vertical distance of 2 mm from an occlusal plane (OP). Hence, these positions of point of application of intrusive force can be considered as better positions than others clinically.
Evaluating the construction and effectiveness of slash walls at the perimeter of regeneration harvests to exclude deer

Abstract Deer impacts on forest vegetation have complicated attempts at forest regeneration in many parts of the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic States, and other regions. Deer overabundance limits the success of forest regeneration. One strategy is to reduce deer browsing by temporarily excluding them from regeneration harvests. Because of the costs of fence installation, maintenance, and removal, we developed and tested the feasibility and effectiveness of slash walls. In 2017, 4 regeneration harvests ranging from 4.5 to 30 ha were cut. Slash and trees of marginal value proximate to the perimeter were piled into a slash wall that averaged 3.7 m to the tallest branch and 7.2 m wide. Slash walls occupied from 0.5 to 1.5 ha of the harvest area and used approximately 28,000 kg of slash and low-grade logs per 30 m section. The rate of construction depended on topography along with access to slash and low-grade trees. Construction rates for slash walls varied from 32 m/hr to 77 m/hr. The average cost of construction was $4.82/m ($1.47/ft) based on machine and operator costs of $200 (US)/hr for a weighted average cost of $541/ha ($219/ac). Fence installation can cost 3–4 times as much as slash wall construction, plus additional costs for maintenance and removal. The cost to monitor and maintain slash walls was negligible. Slash wall heights slumped approximately 8–14% per year, which reduced slash wall height by 37 cm per year. Four years after creating the slash walls, the heights of tagged seedlings of palatable species remained significantly greater inside the slash wall where deer were excluded than in adjacent control areas that were accessible to deer. We recommend slash walls minimally be constructed 3.1 m tall to the highest 5-cm-diameter branch, 7 m wide at the base, and sufficiently dense to prevent deer from being able to crawl through. This study is the first documentation of slash walls as a feasible and effective technique during regeneration harvesting to exclude deer from impacting forest vegetation. Subsequent to this study, multiple logging crews have created additional slash walls in CT, MA, NH, NY, and RI as part of commercial harvests.
A Consideration of Pastoral Aesthetics from the Perspective of History

In his 2019 book Pastoral Aesthetics, Nathan Carlin reviews origin stories of bioethics, especially the ones generally told about how the field of bioethics came to be based on tragedies and technologies. This article highlights another origin story to further expand and build on the work Carlin has done to bring life to the dry and thin principles in bioethics. That story involves the history of psychiatry and clinical pastoral education. The intersections between these two strands of history illuminate the contingent nature of the frameworks of theories and meanings used to understand and help people and human interactions.
Investigating Differences in Academic Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Amotivation Among Children of Immigrant Parents

College students in the US often experience a pressure to succeed brought on by their unique intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. However, is there a possible connection between these academic motivations and having an immigrant parent? To determine if differences exist in intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation among children of immigrant parents (CIPs), I employed a 28-item survey adapted from the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS). I analyzed survey data collected from 183 undergraduate students at the University of Texas at Arlington using three chi-square tests of independence comparing the three types of motivation in CIPs and non-CIPs and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) assessing average scores across types of motivation. Results showed no relationship exists between types of academic motivation and CIP status, but extrinsic motivation scores were significantly higher across all college students. Future studies are needed to examine other factors that may influence academic motivations.
Machine Learning to Identify Interaction of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms as a Risk Factor for Chronic Drug-Induced Liver Injury.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major cause of drug development failure and drug withdrawal from the market after approval. The identification of human risk factors associated with susceptibility to DILI is of paramount importance. Increasing evidence suggests that genetic variants may lead to inter-individual differences in drug response; however, individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) usually have limited power to predict human phenotypes such as DILI. In this study, we aim to identify appropriate statistical methods to investigate gene–gene and/or gene–environment interactions that impact DILI susceptibility. Three machine learning approaches, including Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (MDR), and logistic regression, were used. The simulation study suggested that all three methods were robust and could identify the known SNP–SNP interaction when up to 4% of genotypes were randomly permutated. When applied to a real-life DILI chronicity dataset, both MARS and MDR, but not logistic regression, identified combined genetic variants having better associations with DILI chronicity in comparison to the use of individual SNPs. Furthermore, a simple decision tree model using the SNPs identified by MARS and MDR was developed to predict DILI chronicity, with fair performance. Our study suggests that machine learning approaches may help identify gene–gene interactions as potential risk factors for better assessing complicated diseases such as DILI chronicity.
Round-Robin Evaluation of Methods for Analysis of Geothermal Brine

In 1976, Pacific Nortwest Laboratory initiated a program to determine the state of the art of methods of analysis for geothermal fluids. A meeting between government agencies and laboratories led to agreement on 40 parameters for evaluation in a round-robin field testing program. Two round-robins were conducted with approximately 20 laboratories participating in the analysis. Statistical analysis of the data from these tests shows that the greatest range of results was obtained for the species silver, aluminum, antimony, fluoride, bromide, iodine, phosphate and total hydrogen sulfide. In addition, the constituents rubidium, coper, managanese, lead, and zinc showed a high degree of variability for the brine with low total dissolved solids. 19 refs.
Abstract 15441: A Novel and Efficient Combinatorial Method of Using DNAs and mRNAs to Generate Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Functional Cardiomyocytes

Introduction: Efficient generation of viral integration-free induced pluripotent cells (iPSCs) from human somatic cells and differentiation into cardiomyocytes remain major hurdles in regenerative cardiology. Hypothesis: Transfection with a combination of DNAs and mRNAs will generate iPSCs from any human somatic cell with subsequent differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Methods: In a series of experiments, adult human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with combination of DNAs containing Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, and Lin28, followed by a cocktail of mRNAs containing Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, cMyc, and Lin28 daily for 11 days in culture. Results: We made the following observations: 1) this treatment regimen efficiently and reliably generated iPSC colonies from HSF (referred as hf-iPSCs) and HUVECs (referred as he-iPSCs) by day 17. 2) Our flow cytometry data showed that 4% of hf-iPSCs at passage 0 (P0) were positive for Oct4 and Sox2, which is higher than currently avai...
Stochastic Portfolio Theory: an Overview

Abstract Stochastic Portfolio Theory is a flexible framework for analyzing portfolio behavior and equity market structure. This theory was introduced by Fernholz in the papers ( Journal of Mathematical Economics , 1999; Finance & Stochastics , 2001) and in the monograph Stochastic Portfolio Theory (Springer 2002). It was further developed by Fernholz , Karatzas and Kardaras ( Finance & Stochastics , 2005), Fernholz & Karatzas ( Annals of Finance , 2005), Banner , Fernholz and Karatzas ( Annals of Applied Probability , 2005), and Karatzas and Kardaras ( Finance & Stochastics , 2007). This theory is descriptive, as opposed to normative; it is consistent with observable characteristics of actual portfolios and markets, and it provides a theoretical tool which is useful for practical applications. As a theoretical tool, this framework offers fresh insights into questions of stock market structure and arbitrage, and can be used to construct portfolios with controlled behavior. As a practical tool, stochastic portfolio theory has been applied to the analysis and optimization of portfolio performance and has been the basis of successful investment strategies for over a decade.
The Optimal Timing of Strategic Action – A Real Options Approach

The possibility of a first-mover advantage arises in a variety of strategic choices, including product introductions, business start-ups, and mergers and acquisitions. The strategic management literature reflects ambiguity regarding the likelihood that a first mover can or will capture additional value. This paper uses a real options approach to address the optimal timing of strategic moves. Previous studies have modeled real options using either a perpetual or a European financial option. With these models, a strategic choice could only be made either without respect to a time frame (perpetual) or at a fixed point in time (European option.) Neither case is realistic. Companies typically have strategic options with only a limited time frame due to market factors, but companies may choose to act at any time within that constraint. To reflect this reality, we adapt a method for valuing an American financial option on a dividend paying stock to the real options context. The method presented in this paper proposes a solution for the optimum value for a project that should trigger a strategic choice, and highlights the value lost by not acting optimally. We use simulation results to show that the time frame available to make a strategic choice has an important effect on both the project value for when action should be taken, as well as on the value of waiting to invest at the optimal time. The results presented in this paper help to clarify the ambiguity that is found in the strategic management literature regarding the possibility of obtaining a first-mover advantage. Indeed, a first mover that acts sub-optimally could incur losses or at least not gain any advantage. A first mover that waits to invest at the right time based on the superior information supplied by models based on real options could be better positioned to obtain the benefits that might come from the first move.
UTILIZATION OF SERVICES AT A NEIGHBORHOOD HEALTH CENTER

Services received during 1968 by 1,989 children of 521 families registered over a 5-month period at a neighborhood health center have been examined. Eighty-seven percent received at least one professional service. Seventy percent of the children were seen by a pediatrician; most children received services from at least two types of personnel, the commonest combination being pediatrician and dentist. Once families were registered, variables such as race, Aid to Families with Dependent Children status, residence, family size, and education of mother had only a minor effect on utilization of services at the health center. The child9s age markedly influenced utilization rates, a greater proportion of preschool children than adolescents coming for attention and attending more often. Visits to physicians and dentists were higher than national norms for corresponding ethnic and socioeconomic groups. We conclude that the response of residents to the health center has been favorable and that the easy accessibility, reachingout philosophy, and genuine concern of the staff has had its effect. Although many of our patients use a combination of resources to obtain medical care, the Martha Eliot Center appears to have become the primary unit for child care in a large section of the population served.
Vague Composition Without Vague Existence

David Lewis (1986) criticizes moderate views of composition on the grounds that a restriction on composition must be vague, and vague composition leads, via a precisificational theory of vagueness, to an absurd vagueness of existence. I show how to resist this argument. Unlike the usual resistance, however, I do not jettison precisificational views of vagueness. Instead, I blur the connection between composition and existence that Lewis assumes. On the resulting view, in troublesome cases of vague composition, there is an object, which definitely exists, about which it is vague whether the relevant borderline parts compose it.
Chapter 9 Mechanism of Molybdenum Adsorption on Soils and Soil Minerals Evaluated Using Vibrational Spectroscopy and Surface Complexation Modeling

Abstract Molybdenum adsorption on amorphous aluminum and iron oxides was investigated as a function of solution pH and solution ionic strength. In this study in situ Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic methods were combined with sorption techniques, electrophoretic mobility measurements, and surface complexation modeling to study the interaction of Mo with amorphous oxide surfaces. The speciation of Mo in aqueous solution was examined using Raman and attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-FTIR methods as a function of solution pH. Good agreement was found between the vibrational spectra of Mo in aqueous solution and those of Mo sorbed to amorphous Al oxide. The mechanisms of Mo sorption to these surfaces based on the spectroscopic, sorption, and electrophoretic mobility measurements are as follows: Mo forms predominantly inner-sphere surface complexes at low pH and predominantly outer-sphere surface complexes at high pH. These surface configurations were used to constrain the input parameters of the triple layer surface complexation model to describe Mo adsorption on soils. After applying the triple layer model to Mo adsorption on 36 soils, a general regression model was developed for predicting Mo surface complexation constants from 5 independently measured soil chemical characteristics: cation exchange capacity, organic carbon content, inorganic carbon content, aluminum oxide content, and iron oxide content. The triple layer model was well able to predict Mo adsorption on all the soils at all pH values. The surface speciation predicted by the model for soil was in agreement with that predicted from spectroscopy for Mo adsorption on amorphous Al oxide.
Tumor-associated oncogenes go on (phage) display

The immune system has a long-recognized ability to target select proteins produced by tumor cells. Such tumor-specific antigens may be uniquely present in cancer as a result of mutations or abnormal protein modifications. In other cases, the increased immunogenicity of structurally normal proteins is less obvious and may represent, albeit not always, elevated levels of their expression in malignant cells. Immune response to tumor-specific antigens raises two important questions: could it be selectively enhanced for a therapeutic effect, and could it be used to discover the actual antigens in order to understand the properties of the tumors and to diagnose and classify the disease? The thought-provoking report by Ionov in the current issue of this journal offers news insights into advancing both of these issues [1]. The experimental approach (See Figure) relies on the use of a phage-display library, which is first depleted of the phages that bind to control antibodies, such as the ones obtained from a healthy donor, and then is subjected to precipitation using an antibody fraction from a cancer patient. The phages enriched at this step are expected to display the peptides that are recognized by patient’s, but not control’s antibodies. The unbound phages are eliminated, while the precipitated ones could be rescued in bacteria. This sequence of steps could be repeated multiple times for further enrichment. Subsequently, the sequence of the presented peptides is determined by sequencing the enriched phages. These data are examined for homology to known human proteins. Not surprisingly, the short peptides reveal homology to numerous proteins. The picture is further complicated by an obvious fact that some epitopes may not be continuous, or may include posttranslational modification and, hence, would not be detected in a trivial homology search. The key assumption that Ionov made is that an immunogenic protein is likely to be targeted by multiple antibodies, and at least some of them would have continuous epitopes. If this is the case, one may