cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Agent implementation for modeling insider threat

Insider threat modeling focuses primarily on the individual and the prediction of an insider threat incident. The majority of these models are statistical that tend toward trend-projections using various regression models. The modeling presented in this paper engages an agent-based paradigm that is designed to explore how an agent interacts with other employees and the organization in an environment that grants the agent opportunity and access. This paper continues our research with a discussion of the implementation of the agent's decision-making in the context of emotional, rational, and social factors affecting agent disposition. We proffer that once the agent's disposition reaches or exceeds a personal threshold, the agent is disposed to become an active threat. Our refinement of the agent facilitates continued and more rounded discussion to our original research question: "How and when does a predisposed insider make the decision to become an active insider threat?"
Relationship Management: Strategic Marketing’s Next Source of Competitive Advantage

This paper integrates two major themes, relationships in business contexts and strategic marketing. Strategic marketing must be understood as the way marketing is carried out in a firm, not as the province of but a select few firm members. Given this theoretical understanding, we develop the idea that how the firm manages relationship processes, consumer and business alike, is fully a strategic marketing issue and not an issue for an unnecessary new marketing paradigm entitled relationship marketing. Insights from consumers are discussed and then a relationship continuum is presented with its associated managerial implications.
Pathology of spinal ependymomas: an institutional experience over 25 years in 134 patients.

BACKGROUND Ependymomas constitute approximately 40% of primary intraspinal tumors. Current World Health Organization (WHO) grading may not correlate with observed progression-free survival (PFS). OBJECTIVE This retrospective study of prospectively collected data examines whether PFS is influenced by the histological grade or by the extent of resection. It also analyzes the usage and effectiveness of postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. METHODS We reviewed 134 consecutive patients with ependymomas of all grades. Pathology slides were re-reviewed and the histological grades were confirmed by a single neuropathologist. Postoperative residual or recurrence was evaluated with follow-up magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS There were 85 male and 49 female patients, ranging from 10 to 79 (median 41) years of age. Thirty patients had WHO grade I tumors, 101 had grade II tumors, and 3 had grade III tumors. Kaplan-Meier analysis of PFS demonstrated a mean duration of 6 years for grade I, 14.9 years for grade II, and 3.7 years for grade III (P < .001). In grade II ependymomas, mean PFS was 11.2 years with subtotal resection and 17.8 years with gross total resection (P < .01). PFS of patients who underwent subtotal resection was not significantly changed by adjuvant radiotherapy (P < .36). CONCLUSION Patients with grade II ependymoma have significantly longer PFS than patients with grade I ependymoma. The extent of resection did not affect PFS in grade I ependymoma but it did in grade II. Contrary to its higher grade, WHO grade II ependymoma carries a better prognosis than WHO grade I ependymoma.
Identifying the Role of Novel Protein Kinase C Isoforms in Mediating Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy

Paclitaxel (Taxol) is a commonly prescribed chemotherapeutic drug that stabilizes microtubules and consequently prevents progression of mitosis in rapidly dividing tumor cells. Like many other chemotherapeutics, paclitaxel is not selective, and it can therefore produce many undesired side effects.
Validation of User Models for Interactive Editing

Although interactive computer editors are an integral part of today's growing computer systems, their design is often determined by tradition or designer intuition, rather than empirical evidence of what is best for the user. In a previous study, Folley and Williges derived naive and expert user models by use of a clustering algorithm. This study tested these models in an actual interactive editing environment. Analysis of variance results showed that subjects did not perform significantly better on the appropriate model editor. A cluster analysis showed low agreement between subjects and with the original models. Differences in command frequency counts between the paper-pencil and interactive editing environments suggest that deeper aspects of interactive editing, such as mode change and current line location, must be included in the user models. It is suggested that interactive editors will more closely conform to user models as they more closely simulate the paper-pencil editing environment.
Knowledge about passive smoking and its influencing factors among early pregnant women in Shanghai

Objective To investigate the knowledge about passive smoking and its influence factors among early pregnancy women in Shanghai and to analyze the relationship between the knowledge and behavior of passive smoking,and to provide evidences for implementation of effective intervention on passive smoking in the population. Methods A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in 3 729 eligible pregnant women from May 2011 through May 2012. The relationship between knowledge and behavior of passive smoking was analyzed using Chi-square test and the influencing factors of passive smoking knowledge were analyzed using logistic regression. Results Totally 3 274 valid questionnaires were collected. The passive smoking rate in the participants was 44. 7%. The awareness rate of diseases associated with passive smoking was 67. 5%. Of the participants,94. 5% knewthat smoking or passive smoking might cause lung cancer,but the awareness rates of other diseases associated with passive smoking were low( 77. 9% for emphysema,75. 5% for aging,54. 4% for heart disease,54. 2% for stroke,and 48. 7% for asynodia,respectively). The awareness rate of adverse effects of passive smoking on pregnant women was 64. 2%. No significant association was found between passive smoking knowledge and the passive smoking behavior. Among the participants,employment was a main influencing factor of knowledge about passive smoking and the employed pregnant women had higher awareness rates for associations of smoking or passive smoking with diseases and adverse effect of passive smoking on pregnant women than those without employment,with the odds ratio of 1. 399 and 1. 276. Conclusion Health education on passive smoking needs to be improved and the unemployed women is a key population for intervention on passive smoking among pregnant women in Shanghai.
Synthesis of Monodisperse Palladium Nanoclusters Using Metal–Organic Frameworks as Sacrificial Templates

An interfacial etching approach was developed for the synthesis of monodisperse and ultrasmall thiolated palladium nanoclusters (Pd NCs) using Zr-UiO-66-NH2 metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as sacrificial templates. The Pd NCs were originally synthesized inside the cavities of the MOFs (Pd@UiO-66-NH2). The Pd NCs released from the MOFs have a strikingly small size with narrow distribution (1.1±0.1 nm), amounting to a cluster size of ca. 40 Pd atoms. The 1H NMR spectrum indicates that thiol is the only capping agent for these Pd NCs. We derived the composition of the thiolated Pd NCs using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis. Moreover, the Pd NCs size can be tuned by using MOF templates with different cavity sizes. The thiolated Pd NCs are catalytically active in a model Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction.
Response of Material Under Blast Loading

A shock tube based laboratory testing facility was used for simulating blast loading to characterize the response of circular metallic specimens. Measuring techniques including electrical resistance strain gages, fringe projection and others were used for recording and comparing the critical strains and deformation histories during and after blast loading.
Selenium intake and urinary excretion in persons living near a high selenium area.

Measured selenium intake and urinary excretion are reported for some South Dakotans on four different types of diet.
Impact of the injection‐level‐dependent lifetime on Voc, FF, ideality m, J02, and the dim light response in a commercial PERC cell

The injection-level-dependent (ILD) lifetime of the silicon wafer impacts many characteristics of the final photovoltaic cell. While efficiency is commonly understood to be impacted by the silicon bulk lifetime (at the maximum power point injection level), this work demonstrates the wide ranging impacts of ILD lifetime on the Voc, the fill factor (FF), the diode ideality factor m, and the dim light response. Instead of a two-diode model, we utilize a boundary + ILD bulk lifetime model to analyze a commercial passivated emitter rear contact (PERC) cell featuring an AlOx dielectric rear passivation. The ILD lifetime is directly measured and used to calculate the bulk recombination current across injection levels. With this boundary + ILD lifetime model, we demonstrate the role of the ILD lifetime on many cell parameters in this PERC cell. For most high efficiency commercial p-type monocrystalline solar cells, the typically lower bulk lifetime at the maximum power point versus the lifetime at the open circuit point reduces the measured FF and pseudo-FF. This work illustrates that for a commercial PERC cell with AlOx rear passivation, the ILD lifetime is the primary mechanism behind reduced FF, ideality factors greater than 1, and the source of the J02 term in the two-diode model. The crucial implications of this work are not only to better understand commercial PERC cell loss mechanisms but also to encourage a focus on different metrics in cell diagnostics. One such metric is the Voc at 0.1 or 0.05 suns. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extremum Seeking for RF cavity resonance control

We present an Extremum Seeking approach for resonance control of radio frequency (RF) resonant cavities without phase measurements. The controller minimizes reflected power from an RF cavity by utilizing model-independent ES. Unlike phase measurement-based resonance controllers, this approach does not require cable length-based calibration. Furthermore, this adaptive approach automatically tracks temperature-induced cable length changes which could otherwise require re-calibration or uncompensated would introduce time-varying offsets. We give a theoretical overview of the problem, a general overview of the controller, and present experimental results.
Using Axioms and Lemmas as Rewrite Rules

This chapter explains the way by which can use axioms and lemmas as rewrite rules. If a lemma is of the form (EQUAL l hs rhs), it is sound to use it to replace any instance of l hs with the corresponding instance of rhs. The idea of using a theorem to rewrite expressions can be generalized considerably. In the first place, any literal can be interpreted as equality in theory. For example, ( NOT p) can be regarded as (EQUAL pF). If p is Boolean, the literal p can be interpreted as (EQUAL pT). If p is not Boolean, then, although the literal p cannot be interpreted as (EQUAL pT), it is sound, knowing that p is non-false, to replace p by T in any position of a formula in which only the truth value and not the identity of p is of concern. The idea of recursively appealing to lemmas to establish the hypotheses of other lemmas is called backwards chaining. Implementing it mechanically requires addressing one major problem: it is possible to backwards chain indefinitely.
Pseudo‐Spectral Methods for the Laplace‐Beltrami Equation and the Hodge Decomposition on Surfaces of Genus One

The inversion of the Laplace-Beltrami operator and the computation of the Hodge decomposition of a tangential vector field on smooth surfaces arise as computational tasks in many areas of science, from computer graphics to machine learning to computational physics. Here, we present a high-order accurate pseudo-spectral approach, applicable to closed surfaces of genus one in three-dimensional space, with a view toward applications in plasma physics and fluid dynamics. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 33: 941–955, 2017
Open Trial of Integrated Primary Care Consultation for Medically Unexplained Symptoms

Within primary care settings, patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) are common, often present with comorbid psychopathology, and have high rates of healthcare utilization. Despite increased healthcare utilization, these patients often have poor outcomes that frustrate patients and providers alike. A behavioral consultation intervention for primary care patients with MUS (n = 10) was developed and assessed. All participants completed all intervention and assessment sessions and rated the intervention favorably. Participants self-report scores revealed statistically significant improvements from baseline to 3-month follow-up on physical functioning, mental functioning, and physical symptoms. Notwithstanding the limitations of open trial designs, these findings demonstrate high feasibility for a behavioral health consultation treatment model for patients with MUS and highlight the need for further research.
A Perceptual View of Conceptual Development

Our theoretical and research interests have focused on the interface between perception and learning. This interface poses two fundamental questions: To what extent is learning a matter of perception? and To what extent is perception a matter of learning? Each of these questions requires a consideration of the possible modification of perception through experience, the first because the issue is whether the changes observed in traditional learning paradigms can be attributed to changes in perception, and the second because the issue is whether experience does work enduring change in perception. In approaching either of these issues, then, the starting point must be a consideration of what is perceived in a given situation at the outset of a given experience and what are the possibilities for change in perception. The premise of this chapter, and of much of our work, is that in addressing these questions those working within the learning orientation have underestimated the perceptual possibilities of the typical laboratory task, with the consequence that important contributions of perception to learning and of learning to perception have been overlooked.
Modeling household energy expenditure in the United States

Abstract Energy consumption is one of the main source of air pollution, greenhouse gas emission, and global warming. Reducing household energy consumption is a key goal of policymakers. We develop statistical models using socio-economics and demographics, building characteristics, location, temperature, and energy prices to estimate household energy expenditure in the U.S. We use household energy expenditure for more than 560,000 households in the U.S. from 2010 to 2012. We first employ multivariate regression models to investigate and identify the impacts of the explanatory variables on household energy expenditure. Next, we use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to convert correlated co-linear explanatory variables into orthogonal components and estimate household energy expenditure by principal component regression. We find newer attached buildings to be effective in decreasing household energy expenditure, particularly among educated people in metropolitan areas. With sufficient data availability, our model could be used by state, regional, or even city-level policymakers and planners to optimize their infrastructural investments.
Pelletization Using Humic Substance-based Binder

Humic substances exist widely in lignite coal as high molecular weight organic molecules. They can be used as binders in iron ore pelletization mostly in the form of salt, such as sodium humate and...
Chromatin Constrains the Initiation and Elongation of DNA Replication.

Eukaryotic chromosomal DNA is faithfully replicated in a complex series of cell-cycle-regulated events that are incompletely understood. Here we report the reconstitution of DNA replication free in solution with purified proteins from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The system recapitulates regulated bidirectional origin activation; synthesis of leading and lagging strands by the three replicative DNA polymerases Pol α, Pol δ, and Pol e; and canonical maturation of Okazaki fragments into continuous daughter strands. We uncover a dual regulatory role for chromatin during DNA replication: promoting origin dependence and determining Okazaki fragment length by restricting Pol δ progression. This system thus provides a functional platform for the detailed mechanistic analysis of eukaryotic chromosome replication.
Extremely Field-Aligned Cool Electrons in the Dayside Outer Magnetosphere†

For 200 days in 2016 while THEMIS_D was in the dayside, equatorial, magnetosphere, its electron energy coverage was modified such that the first 15 energy steps covered the range of 1-30 eV and 16 steps covered energies to 30 keV. These measurements were free of backgrounds from photoelectrons, secondaries, or ionospheric plasma plumes. Three energy bands of electrons were observed: cold electrons having energies below 1 eV (plasmaspheric plumes measured by the spacecraft potential); cool electrons, defined as electrons having energies of 1-25 eV; and hot electrons having energies of 25 eV to 30 keV. The cool electron fluxes at fixed radial distances varied by an order-of-magnitude from one orbit to the next. These fluxes often increased with increasing radial distance, suggesting an external source. They were extremely field-aligned, having pitch angle ratios (flux at 0-20 degrees and 160-180 degrees divided by the flux at 80-100 degrees) greater than 100. Evidence is presented that they resulted from cusp electrons moving from open to closed magnetospheric field lines due to their ExB/B2 drift. They constituted the majority of the electron energy density at such times and places. They were not associated with magnetopause reconnection because they were not observed at the magnetopause but they were observed as far as three Earth radii inside of it. Their occurrence probability in the outer magnetosphere was ~50% in June and ~10% in September, suggesting a dayside source attributed to the tilt of the northern cusp towards the sun during the summer equinox.
Terahertz Communications: An Array-of-Subarrays Solution

Enabling terahertz communications will alleviate the spectrum limitation of current wireless systems. This article presents an indoor multiuser terahertz system with array-of-subarrays architecture to accommodate hardware constraints as well as channel characteristics in the terahertz band. Specifically, the difference between terahertz and millimeter-wave communications is first clarified. Then the advantage of the array-of-subarrays structure is explained through comparison with the fully connected structure in both spectral and energy efficiency. Furthermore, a distance-aware multi-carrier scheme with the array-of-subarrays structure is introduced for wideband terahertz communications. Finally, the associated open issues and future research directions are discussed.
Calcium-mediated oxidative stress: a common mechanism in tight junction disruption by different types of cellular stress

The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in osmotic stress, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and cyclic stretch-induced tight junction (TJ) disruption was investigated in Caco-2 cell monolayers in vitro and restraint stress-induced barrier dysfunction in mouse colon in vivo Live cell imaging showed that osmotic stress, cyclic stretch and DSS triggered rapid production of ROS in Caco-2 cell monolayers, which was blocked by depletion of intracellular Ca2+ by 1,2-bis-(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid. Knockdown of CaV1.3 or TRPV6 channels blocked osmotic stress and DSS-induced ROS production and attenuated TJ disruption and barrier dysfunction. N-Acetyl l-cysteine (NAC) and l-NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester (l-NAME) blocked stress-induced TJ disruption and barrier dysfunction. NAC and l-NAME also blocked stress-induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-Src. ROS was colocalized with the mitochondrial marker in stressed cells. Cyclosporin A blocked osmotic stress and DSS-induced ROS production, barrier dysfunction, TJ disruption and JNK activation. Mitochondria-targeted Mito-TEMPO blocked osmotic stress and DSS-induced barrier dysfunction and TJ disruption. Chronic restraint stress in mice resulted in the elevation of intracellular Ca2+, activation of JNK and c-Src, and disruption of TJ in the colonic epithelium. Furthermore, corticosterone administration induced JNK and c-Src activation, TJ disruption and protein thiol oxidation in colonic mucosa. The present study demonstrates that oxidative stress is a common signal in the mechanism of TJ disruption in the intestinal epithelium by different types of cellular stress in vitro and bio behavioral stress in vivo.
The Relationship between Strontium and other Divalent Cations in the Process of Transmitter Release from Cholinergic Nerve Endings

It is well established at present that Ca2+ is responsible for mediating an enormous variety of intricate biological activities. In most systems studied, Sr2+ can serve as a simple, effective substitute for Ca2+ in supporting the particular biological behavior [e.g., Sr2+ can substitute for Ca2+ as a carrier of transmembrane current across excitable cells (1)].
Large-Eddy Simulation of Supercritical Combustion: Model Validation Against Gaseous H2–O2 Injector

Supercritical combustion has attracted significant interest due to its applications in high-pressure combustion devices. Validation of supercritical combustion modeling, however, has not been well ...
Milk bioactive peptide database: A comprehensive database of milk protein-derived bioactive peptides and novel visualization

During processing and digestion, milk proteins are disassembled into peptides with an array of biological functions, including antimicrobial, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, antioxidant, opioid, and immunomodulation. These functions are summarized in numerous reviews, yet information on which peptides have which functions remains scattered across hundreds of research articles. We systematically searched the literature for all instances of bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins from any mammalian source. The data were compiled into a comprehensive database, which can be used to search for specific functions, peptides, or proteins (http://mbpdb.nws.oregonstate.edu). To review this large dataset, the bioactive peptides reported in the literature were visually mapped on the parent protein sequences, providing information on sites with highest abundance of bioactive peptides.
Preservice to Inservice: Does Mathematics Anxiety Change with Teaching Experience?.

Inservice teachers, participants in a prior study on mathematics anxiety, were revisited to determine whether their levels of mathematics anxiety still existed and/or continued to change after 5 ye...
Robust Fuzzy Logic-Based Control of A Hydraulic Forge Press

Abstract The design of a robust fuzzy logic-based velocity versus stroke control law for a multiple-valve hydraulic forge press is presented. Simulation results illustrating the robustness of the control law are also presented.
Role of MFG-E8 in Neonatal Inflammation

Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 protein (MFG-E8), also known as lactadherin, is a secretory glycoprotein derived from human or bovine milk, which plays a pivotal role in ameliorating inflammation. MFG-E8 has a bivalent binding activity to integrins expressed on phagocytic cells and phosphatidylserine (PS) on apoptotic cells, thus facilitating removal of dead cells from our body to maintain homeostasis. MFG-E8 is also known to promote diverse functions related to cell physiology and immunology. It recognizes immune cells through integrin receptors and directly downregulates inflammatory responses. Studies using MFG-E8-deficient mice reveal increased susceptibility to exacerbating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. A growing body of literature demonstrates the role of MFG-E8 in attenuating acute and chronic inflammatory diseases in animal models, which mimic the clinical conditions of young or elderly subjects. In the United States, a higher infant mortality rate requires a magic bullet to safe-guard our infants from various inflammatory diseases. Milk is indispensable to infants, and so is its component MFG-E8. A handful of findings have so far been reported in terms of delineating its protective role in various neonatal inflammatory diseases. This chapter reviews the potential of MFG-E8/lactadherin as a pivotal antiinflammatory endogenous molecule to help protect our infants from various localized and systemic inflammatory diseases such as acute gastroenteritis, septicemia, coagulative diseases, and necrotizing enterocolitis, which in turn may lead to the development of novel therapies against these deadly pediatric inflammatory diseases.
Abstract 18912: Platelet Derived Growth Factor Promotes Myofibroblastic Differentiation of Cardiac Resident Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Exacerbates Post-Infarction Left Ventricular Remodeling

Chronic heart failure (HF) is characterized by inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and progressive fibrosis. Along with fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into pro-fibr...
The effects of the Bethesda System 2014 on endometrial cell reporting and follow-up endometrial biopsies in women 45 years of age and over.

Introduction The Bethesda System (TBS) guidelines for reporting the presence of endometrial cells on Papanicolaou tests increased the reporting age from 40 (TBS 2001) to 45 (TBS 2014) years. Exfoliated endometrial cells (EMC) are usually a normal finding. Nevertheless, benign-appearing EMC occasionally correspond to endometrial hyperplasia or malignancy, especially in older, postmenopausal women. This study assesses the impact of this age cutoff change. Materials and Methods This retrospective review compares endometrial biopsies following TBS 2001 and TBS 2014. Papanicolaou tests with EMC reported in women older than age 40 or 45 years were correlated with follow-up endometrial biopsies performed between May 25, 2014, to May 26, 2015, and May 27, 2015, to May 26, 2016, respectively. Results The number of reported EMC declined from 770 to 492 (a 36.1% decrease). The follow-up endometrial biopsy rate for Papanicolaou tests reporting EMC using TBS 2001 was 13.6% (105 of 770) versus TBS 2014 at 13.8% (68 of 492; P = 0.92). For TBS 2001, 15% of women aged 45 and older had follow-up biopsies (65 of 434; P = 0.62). Most follow-up biopsies showed benign endometrium. In the TBS 2001 group, 1 biopsy showed malignancy and another showed complex hyperplasia with atypia. Both patients were older than 45 years. The TBS 2014 group contained 1 biopsy of malignancy and 1 with simple hyperplasia with focal atypia. Conclusions The implementation of TBS 2014 reduced the frequency of reporting benign-appearing endometrial cells. The follow-up biopsy rate has remained essentially the same, but the total number of biopsies performed decreased, with a similar low yield of significant abnormalities.
CNS Lyme Disease Leading to Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (P6.200)

Objective: To describe a case of CNS Lyme disease complicated by AIDP Background: While neurologic manifestations of Lyme disease are well described, an acute demyelinating neuropathy as a sequela of Lyme infection is extremely rare. Design/Methods: Medical charts and literature pertinent to CNS Lyme and AIDP were reviewed Results: A 30 year old man previously healthy initially presented with three days of fever, which subsequently developed into headache and neck stiffness as well as a transient circular rash around his trunk. Serum Lyme and western blot IgM were positive and he was treated with doxycycline for three weeks. Soon after, he developed diplopia, left facial droop, dysphagia, mid-thoracic back pain, progressive bilateral upper extremity weakness and left leg weakness resulting in several falls and gradually becoming wheelchair bound. Initial examination showed multiple cranial neuropathies, bilateral upper and lower extremity weakness in a lower motor neuron pattern, distal sensory loss to temperature, and absent brachioradialis, triceps, and Achilles reflexes. Shortly after admission, he developed increasing weakness, worsening cranial neuropathies, and complete loss of deep tendon reflexes. MRI of the brain showed left CN III, right CN V, and bilateral CN VII enhancement. CSF showed albuminocytologic dissociation with a protein of 192 and 35 total nucleated cells with a lymphocytic predominance. Nerve conduction studies were suggestive of a polyradiculoneuropathy with mixed axonal and demyelinating features. The patient was treated with 5 days of IVIG and 14 days of ceftriaxone, with subsequent normalization of his reflexes, and improvement of his strength to be able to ambulate with a cane. Conclusions: AIDP following Lyme infection is a rare entity that should be considered in patients who present with findings atypical for CNS Lyme Disease, such as a progressive weakness or symmetric loss of reflexes despite antibiotic therapy. Disclosure: Dr. Li has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hocquard has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sorenson has nothing to disclose.
Beyond Brainwashing: Perspectives on Cultic Violence

This Element reviews the state of the question regarding theories of cultic violence. It introduces definitions and vocabulary and presents relevant historical examples of religious violence. It then discusses the 1960s and 1970s, the period immediately before the Jonestown tragedy. Considerations of the post-Jonestown (1978), and then post-Waco (1993) literature follow. After 9/11 (2001), some of the themes identified in previous decades reappear. The Element concludes by examining the current problem of repression and harassment directed at religious believers. Legal discrimination by governments, as well as persecution of religious minorities by non-state actors, has challenged earlier fears about cultic violence.
Enhancement of NAD(H) pool for formation of oxidized biochemicals in Escherichia coli

The NAD+/NADH ratio and the total NAD(H) play important roles for whole-cell biochemical redox transformations. After the carbon source is exhausted, the degradation of NAD(H) could contribute to a decline in the rate of a desired conversion. In this study, methods to slow the native rate of NAD(H) degradation were examined using whole-cell Escherichia coli with two model oxidative NAD+-dependent biotransformations. A high phosphate concentration (50 mM) was observed to slow NAD(H) degradation. We also constructed E. coli strains with deletions in genes coding several enzymes involved in NAD+ degradation. In shake-flask experiments, the total NAD(H) concentration positively correlated with conversion of xylitol to l-xylulose by xylitol 4-dehydrogenase, and the greatest conversion (80%) was observed using MG1655 nadR nudC mazG/pZE12-xdh/pCS27-nox. Controlled 1-L batch processes comparing E. coli nadR nudC mazG with a wild-type background strain demonstrated a 30% increase in final l-xylulose concentration (5.6 vs. 7.9 g/L) and a 25% increase in conversion (0.53 vs. 0.66 g/g). MG1655 nadR nudC mazG was also examined for the conversion of galactitol to l-tagatose by galactitol 2-dehydrogenase. A batch process using 15 g/L glycerol and 10 g/L galactitol generated over 9.4 g/L l-tagatose, corresponding to 90% conversion and a yield of 0.95 g l-tagatose/g galactitol consumed. The results demonstrate the value of minimizing NAD(H) degradation as a means to improve NAD+-dependent biotransformations.
Enabling Crowd Sensing for Non-Experts

Crowd sensing utilizes a large group of users with devices capable of sensing to collect data for analysis. The motive of crowd sensing is to generate inferences from collected data. Examples of these applications include measuring traffic congestion, bike route quality, parking spot availability, and pollution levels. Since these applications are not necessarily the job of software developers, one of the challenges for crowd sensing is the effort required for task initiators to create and deploy a task, especially when they lack technical expertise. We are developing a framework to ease the development of crowd sensing tasks for non-experts by enabling them to create crowd sensing tasks and analysis using automated GUI-based tools for many common cases. These tasks are then pushed to a marketplace to make it easier for users to discover tasks that they want to participate in (or that have incentives that are appealing to them). We will demonstrate this system and allow participants of the demo session to create their own tasks and Percom attendees can participate in collecting data for those tasks throughout the week of Percom.
Community-Based Participatory Research for Health:

The new edition of Community-Based Participatory Research for Health by Nina Wallerstein and colleagues is an extremely valuable resource for a wide variety of stakeholders interested in collaborat...
Understanding Negative Numbers

This chapter focuses on the development of concepts that children draw on as they work toward understanding negative numbers. Framed from a conceptual change lens, I discuss different interpretations children have of minus signs, numerical order, numerical values, and addition and subtraction operations and how children draw on these varied conceptions to solve addition and subtraction problems involving negative numbers. Children’s unconventional attempts at solving these problems reflect their efforts to make sense of negatives in light of their whole number understanding.
Genome-wide association mapping identifies markers associated with cane yield components and sucrose traits in the Louisiana sugarcane core collection.

Abstract Sugarcane is an economically important crop for both food and biofuel industries. Marker-assisted breeding in sugarcane is becoming a reality with the recent development and deployment of markers linked with disease resistance genes. Large linkage disequilibrium in sugarcane makes genome-wide association studies (GWAS) a better alternative to biparental mapping to identify markers associated with agronomic traits. GWAS was conducted on a Louisiana core collection to identify marker-trait associations (MTA) for 11 cane yield and sucrose traits using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and insertion-deletion (Indel) markers. Significant (P
Balloon-assisted tracking technique to overcome intracranial stenosis during thrombectomy for stroke

Anatomical vessel obstacles such as an intracranial stenosis in stroke are challenging and may lead to delayed clot access for thrombectomy. We describe a simple and effective technique to overcome the step-off between the intermediate catheter and an intracranial vessel stenosis during thrombectomy. The patient presented with acute embolic left middle cerebral artery occlusion and a favorable penumbral pattern. Clot access was made challenging by focal stenosis in the ipsilateral cavernous segment. The balloon-assisted tracking technique was effective in traversing the step-off to enable TICI 3 aspiration thrombectomy. This simple and effective technique should be kept in mind during stroke procedures where a proximal stenotic obstacle complicates access to the site of occlusion.
PTSD and anger: Evaluation of an indirect effect model in a civilian trauma sample

Abstract Background and objectives Theoretical models propose that PTSD symptoms and subjective anger are indirectly associated through hostile attribution bias, physiological reactivity, and aggressive psycho-motor scripts (Chemtob, Novaco, Hamada, Gross, & Smith, 1997). Originally developed to account for symptoms observed in military personnel, proposed anger mechanisms have received limited attention in civilian populations. The current study looked to evaluate the generalizability of Chemtob et al.‘s model in trauma-exposed university students (N = 152). Methods Trauma exposure and corresponding symptoms were assessed during an initial screening procedure. Hostile attributions and aggressive scripts were examined prior to a laboratory-based anger induction procedure. Physiological reactivity was monitored throughout the provocation task. Ratings of subjective anger and anger recovery were completed following the induction period. Relations of post-trauma symptoms with subjective anger through hypothesized anger processes were examined using bootstrapped estimates of indirect effects. Results A significant indirect effect of PTSD severity on state-level anger was noted for hostile attribution bias (ab = 0.020, 95% CI [0.002, 0.041]) and a marginal effect through aggressive inclinations (ab = 0.015, 95% CI [-0.001, 0.039]). Data failed to provide evidence for physiological reactivity as an intervening variable. Trauma symptoms did not moderate anger recovery following the provocation task. Limitations Induction of anger in a sub-clinical sample may limit tests of hypothesized effects and the generalizability of the present findings. Conclusions Results indicate the proposed model may be applicable beyond combat trauma samples and suggest potential anger-related targets for PTSD treatment.
Sequence of acquisition of self-management skills to follow a gluten-free diet by adults with celiac disease.

Abstract Background Celiac disease (CD) treatment is lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD), requiring mastery of numerous skills to maintain health. Aims To assess the rate of self-management skill acquisition following diagnosis, and the influence of demographic factors on this rate. Methods Patients attending a celiac center were invited to complete an anonymous survey which reported demographic information and time for mastery of self-management skills relevant to CD. Results Completed surveys were returned by 137 patients (79% female). Most participants reported mastering skills that involved identifying gluten-containing versus gluten-free foods within 6 months. Explaining CD and GFD to others required 1–2 years. Identifying gluten in medications and supplements required 3–5 years. Traveling internationally with GFD adherence required more than five years to learn. Demographic factors were not associated with the rate of acquisition. Conclusions This is the first description of a timeline for relevant skill acquisition following diagnosis for CD. A sequence emerges, with most patients learning skills relevant to home, then social settings, then the workplace, and, finally, unfamiliar settings. Awareness of this progression of mastery, and particular recognition of difficult skills will allow physicians and dietitians to provide CD patients with targeted education and resources to facilitate adherence.
A Bay State of Mind: Massachusetts's Innovation Continuum [From the Guest Editor's Desk]

Massachusetts has a singular place in microwave history, from Vannevar Bush's start-up Raytheon to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Radiation Laboratory. It is safe to say that nearly every microwave engineer has the concise textbook Microwave Engineering, by David Pozar of the University of Massachusetts (UMass), Amherst, in her or his library.
A quantile regression approach to examine fine particles, term low birth weight, and racial/ethnic disparities.

Author(s): Schwarz, Lara; Bruckner, Tim; Ilango, Sindana D; Sheridan, Paige; Basu, Rupa; Benmarhnia, Tarik | Abstract: BackgroundExposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during pregnancy has been shown to be associated with reduced birth weight and racial/ethnic minorities have been found to be more vulnerable. Previous studies have focused on the mean value of birth weight associated with PM2.5, which may mask meaningful differences. We applied a quantile regression approach to investigate the variation by percentile of birth weight and compared non-Hispanic (NH) Black, NH White, and Hispanic mothers.MethodsData for singleton births in California from October 24, 2005 to February 27, 2010 were collected from the birth records accessed from the California Department of Public Health. Air pollution monitoring data collected by the California Air Resources Board and interpolated for each zip code using an inverse-distance weighting approach, and linked to maternal zip code of residence reported on the birth certificate. Multilevel linear regression models were conducted with mother's residential zip code tabulation area as a random effect. Multilevel quantile regression models were used to analyze the association at different percentiles of birth weight (5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th), as well as examine the heterogeneity in this association between racial/ethnic groups.ResultsLinear regression revealed that a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy is associated with a mean birth weight decrease of 7.31 g [95% confidence interval (CI): 8.10, 6.51] and NH Black mothers are the most vulnerable. Results of the quantile regression are not constant across quantiles. For NH Black mothers whose infants had the lowest birthweight of less than 2673 g (5th percentile), a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure is associated with a decrease of 18.57 g [95% CI: 22.23, 14.91], while it is associated with a decrease of 7.77 g [95% CI: 8.73, 6.79] for NH White mothers and 7.76 [8.52, 7.00] decrease for Hispanic mothers at the same quantile.ConclusionResults of the quantile regression revealed greater disparities, particularly for infants with the lowest birth weight. By identifying vulnerable populations, we can promote and implement policies to confront these health disparities.
Hidden presence: race and/in the history, construct, and study of western esotericism

Except for a few studies that explore the intersections between esoteric ideas/practices and white supremacy, race has largely been ignored in the field of Western esotericism. This article seeks t...
Influenza in dialysis patients: an opportunity to decrease mortality?

Purpose of reviewInfluenza is a major cause of morbidity in dialysis patients.Recent findingsA recent meta-analysis finds reduced influenza infections, hospitalizations and deaths with use of high dose as compared with standard-dose vaccine in the elderly. There remain no randomized clinical trials
Stratifying no-show patients into multiple risk groups via a holistic data analytics-based framework

Abstract Accurate prediction of no-show patients plays a crucial role as it enables researchers to increase the efficiency of their scheduling systems. The purpose of the current study is to formulate a novel hybrid data mining-based methodology to a) accurately predict the no-show patients, b) build a parsimonious model by employing a comprehensive variable selection procedure, c) build a model that does not suffer due to data imbalance, and d) provide healthcare agencies with a patient-specific risk level. Our study suggests that an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model should be employed as a classification algorithm in predicting patient no-shows by using the variable set that is commonly selected by a Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Simulated Annealing (SA). In addition, we used Random Under Sampling (RUS) to improve the performance of the model in predicting the minority group (no-show) patients. The patient-specific risk scores were justified by applying a threshold sensitivity analysis. Also, the web-based decision support tool that can be adopted by clinics is developed. The clinics can incorporate their own intuition/incentive to make the final decision on the cases where the model is not confident enough (i.e. when the estimated probabilities fall near the decision boundary). These insights enable health care professionals to improve clinic utilization and patient outcomes.
Pennsylvania Youth Services System: A Review and Endorsement.

A closer look of the Youth Services System in Pennsylvania reveals specific change in delivery of services over the past year. Results of youth needs surveys are reported in this article. Specifications of a national model for youth development also is discussed.
Analysis for the Geographic epidemiological characteristics of reinfected cases of hand-foot-mouth disease in Henan

Objective To investigate the reinfection rate and pathogen distribution,analyze geographic epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD).Methods The data of HFMD cases in Henan during 2008-2010 were collected from China Information System for Diseases Control and Prevention and was analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods and the thematic map of the disease distribution was created with GIS software.Results The reinfection rate of HFMD was 7.74‰ during 2008 and 2010 in Henan.The thematic map showed that most of the reinfection HFMD occurred in the central region of Henan,especially in Zhengzhou,Pingdingshan,Xuchang et al.And in the northern area of Hennan,especially in Hebi,Jiaozuo et al.There were higher reinfection rates,in the area of EV71 epidemic along with CoxA16 or other enteroviruses.Conclusion There was regional difference of HFMD reinfection and pathogen distribution.The prevention and control of reinfection should be strengthened especially in the regions of HFMD epidemic with many kinds of enterovirus serotypes. Key words: hand-foot-mouth disease; reinfection; geographic epidemiology
Shock recompaction of spall damage

Spall fracture is a high strain-rate damage phenomenon associated with shock or impulsive loading events. When a material that has been subjected to shock compression is allowed to release, rarefaction waves propagate into the sample and reduce the internal stress to zero. If multiple rarefaction waves intersect, they generate tension which, if sufficient, can nucleate voids in the material. It has been observed in several works investigating spall fracture that although the shock-wave profiles suggested spall occurred, imaging of the recovered sample revealed no voids or cracks. In this study, we aim to determine whether a second shock event could recompact existing spall damage, and if so, what form does the microstructure at the recompaction interface have? Through a series of gas-gun flyer-plate impact experiments, we demonstrate that modest shock stresses of 2 GPa–3 GPa are enough to both fully compact a damaged copper target back to a state of zero porosity and, furthermore, drive recrystallization of the interface such that there is a new bond formed where the free surfaces were brought together.
Property, access, exclusion: Agribusiness venture agreements in the Philippines

Abstract Economists have touted partnerships between smallholders and agribusiness firms that cultivate high-valued export crops as a means of raising smallholder incomes and achieving rural development. However, some case studies show that such partnerships can deny smallholders the ability to benefit from their lands. This essay examines how this dynamic occurs by comparing the experiences of agrarian reform beneficiaries (ARBs) in the Davao Region of the Philippines. The paper finds that contracts which deny ARBs the benefit of their holdings are those that deprive them of key abilities such as determining who can use land and withdraw it from a partnership. Such contracts arise when ARB groups lack attributes that enhance their capacity for collective action, information gathering, and legal advocacy.