cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficient and accurate subpixel path based stereo matching

This paper presents an efficient algorithm to achieve accurate subpixel matchings for calculating correspondences between stereo images based on a path-based matching algorithm. Compared to point-by-point stereo matching algorithms, path-based algorithms resolve local ambiguities by maximizing the cross correlation (or other measurements) along a path, which can be implemented efficiently using dynamic programming. An effect of the global matching criterion is that the cross correlation at all pixels can contribute to the criterion; since cross correlation can change significantly even with subpixel changes, to achieve subpixel accuracy, it is no longer sufficient to first find the path that maximizes the criterion and then refine to subpixel accuracy. In this paper, by writing bilinear interpolation using integral images, we show that cross correlations at all subpixel locations can be computed efficiently and thus lead to a subpixel accuracy path based matching algorithm. Our results show the feasibility of the method and illustrate the significant improvements over the original path-based matching method.
Organizational needs for managing and preserving geospatial data and related electronic records

Government agencies and other organizations are required to manage and preserve records that they create and use to facilitate future access and reuse. The increasing use of geospatial data and related electronic records presents new challenges for these organizations, which have relied on traditional practices for managing and preserving records in printed form. This article reports on an investigation of current and future needs for managing and preserving geospatial electronic records on the part of localand state-level organizations in the New York City metropolitan region. It introduces the study and describes organizational needs observed, including needs for organizational coordination and interorganizational cooperation throughout the entire data lifecycle.
Impact of very long time output variation in the treatment of total marrow irradiation with helical tomotherapy

Beam-on time in Total Marrow Irradiation (TMI) delivery with helical tomotherapy is more than 30 minutes. The purpose of this study was to investigate extended time output variation in tomotherapy machine without dose servo system and its impact on the dosimetry of TMI planning. The calibration procedures with 1800 seconds delivery were conducted. The slab and cylindrical phantoms were used for static and rotational output variation measurements, respectively. All measurements were performed in 0.1 second interval with an Exradin A1SL ionization chamber (Standard Imaging Inc., Madison, WI, USA) connected to the tomoelectrometer supplied by the manufacture. Simulated TMI treatment planning with a slab phantom was delivered and verified with ion chamber and EDR-2 films. The static output variations during 30 min averaged −2.9% ± 0.2%, -3.4% ± 0.3%, and −3.4% ± 0.3% at 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min, respectively. The rotational output variations from start averaged −2.5% ± 0.7%, -3.1% ± 0.7%, and −3.5% ± 0.8% at 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min, respectively. The maximum output variation was up to 4.5%. In a TMI planning model, in which beam-on time was over 30 min, planned dose and dose measured with ion chambers in both cranial and caudal sides agreed within 3%. Film measurements in cranial and caudal sides also showed the pass rates of 97.7% and 92.2% with the criteria of 3 mm/3% in gamma analysis. These results suggest that long TMI delivery by helical tomotherapy, even without dose servo system, does not pose a risk for significant deviations from the original treatment plan regardless of the output variation. However, very long time output variation should be checked before the first treatment.
Rebuilding others’ communities: a critical analysis of race and nativism in non-profits in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

The devastation of Hurricane Katrina and the federal levee failures facilitated the unprecedented proliferation of non-profits in some areas of the city. While the short- and moderate-term experiences of non-profits in the aftermath of Katrina have been examined, their long-term successes and failures remain unknown. In this paper we look at how race and nativism hindered the success of non-profits in rebuilding New Orleans. We likewise seek to demonstrate how the reactions on the part of non-profits to being the racial other or that of an outsider often further impeded the effectiveness of non-profits. The three authors, using data from participant observation, interviews, and ethnography, over a four-year period, describe generalisable lessons learned from rebuilding New Orleans’ communities, including the recognition of competing racial discourses in redevelopment; the valuing of local knowledge; and coming to terms with the paradoxes of the affect economy.
Effect of hydrogen‐bonding in the development of high‐affinity metal ion complexants: Polymer‐bound phosphorylated cyclodextrin

In a series of phosphorylated polyols bound to a polystyrene support, the position of the FTIR band assigned to hydrogen bonding between the —OH and phosphoryl oxygen correlates with the affinity of that phosphoryl oxygen for metal ions. Polymer with phosphorylated β-cyclodextrin (pCD) ligands is now reported as a further test of this correlation. The metal ion affinity is probed with the uranyl ion. pCD is the most red-shifted of a series of five phosphorylated polyols: the strongest polyol had been phosphorylated pentaerythritol (pPE) with a band at 873 cm ―1 ; pCD has a band at 868 cm . Consistent with the FTIR bands, pCD has a significantly higher affinity for the uranyl ion than pPE: the percents complexed from a 10 ―4 M uranyl solution in a background of 1.0N HNO 3 , HCl, and H 2 SO 4 are 94.7%, 90.5%, and 93.6%, respectively, for pCD and 68.6%, 52.1%, and 40.1%, respectively, for pPE. This further supports the hypothesis that the strong complexing ability of phosphorylated polyols is due to activation of the phosphoryl oxygen through hydrogen bonding between the P=O and the —OH groups within the polyol.
Boosting with intranasal dendrimeric Aβ1-15 but not Aβ1-15 peptide leads to an effective immune response following a single injection of Aβ1-40/42 in APP-tg mice

Background: Immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is emerging as a potential treatment. However, a clinical trial (AN1792) was halted after adverse effects occurred in a small subset of subjects, which may have been caused by a T cell-mediated immunological response. In general, aging limits the humoral immune response, therefore, immunogens and vaccination regimes are required that induce a strong antibody response with less potential for an adverse immune response. Method: In the current study, we immunized both wildtype and J20 APP-tg mice with a priming injection of Aβ1–40/42, followed by multiple intranasal boosts with the novel immunogen dAβ1– 15 (16 copies of Aβ1–15 on a lysine tree), Aβ1–15 peptide or Aβ1–40/42 full length peptide. Results: J20 APP-tg mice primed with Aβ1–40/42 subcutaneously and subsequently boosted intranasally with Aβ1–15 peptide did not generate a cellular or humoral immune response. In contrast, J20 APP-tg mice boosted intranasally with dAβ1–15 or full length Aβ1–40/42 produced high levels of anti-Aβ antibodies. Splenocyte proliferation was minimal in mice immunized with dAβ1–15. Wildtype littermates of the J20 APP-tg mice produced higher amounts of anti-Aβ antibodies compared to APP-tg mice but also had low T cell proliferation. The anti-Aβ antibodies were mainly composed of IgG2b and directed to an epitope within the Aβ1–7 region, regardless of the immunogen. Examination of the brain showed a significant reduction in Aβ plaque burden in the J20 APP-tg mice producing antibodies compared to controls. Biochemically, Aβ40 or Aβ42 were also reduced in brain homogenates and elevated in plasma but the changes did not reach significance.
A highly scalable and effective method for metasearch

A metasearch engine is a system that supports unified access to multiple local search engines. Database selection is one of the main challenges in building a large-scale metasearch engine. The problem is to efficiently and accurately determine a small number of potentially useful local search engines to invoke for each user query. In order to enable accurate selection, metadata that reflect the contents of each search engine need to be collected and used. This article proposes a highly scalable and accurate database selection method. This method has several novel features. First, the metadata for representing the contents of all search engines are organized into a single integrated representative. Such a representative yields both computational efficiency and storage efficiency. Second, the new selection method is based on a theory for ranking search engines optimally. Experimental results indicate that this new method is very effective. An operational prototype system has been built based on the proposed approach.
Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Sepsis: Now You See It, Now You Don’t

Current Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines inadequately address the limitations of central venous pressure monitoring, which are due, in part, to right and left ventricular dysfunction associated...
Leptin-Receptor Gene Transfer into the Arcuate Nucleus of Female Fatty Zucker Rats Using Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors Stimulates the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis

Fatty fa/fa Zucker rats with a missense mutation in the leptin receptor (OB-R) are obese and infertile with prolonged estrous cycles. To determine whether their reproductive deficits could be corrected by OB-R installation, we employed viral vectors to introduce the OB-R gene into either the arcuate nucleus (ARC) or the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, sites of OB-R expression in wild-type rats. Recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors encoding the human leptin-receptor gene (rAAV-OB-Rb) were microinjected intraparenchymally to produce doxycycline-regulatable OB-R gene expression. Expression of the OB-R gene in the ARC and PVN was verified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Expression of OB-R in the ARC, but not in the PVN, resulted in normalization of estrous cycle length, increased ovarian follicular development, and decreased serum progesterone levels. Compared to saline-injected rats, hypothalamic expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and pro-opiomelanocortin were decreased in ARC rAAV-OB-Rb-injected rats. Parallel decreases were noted in NPY and β-endorphin (β-END) concentrations in the hypothalamus, whereas luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) levels increased. These studies showed that rAAV vectors can be successfully used to install functional OB-R in the hypothalamus for extended periods. The resultant stimulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in ARC-injected rats was probably brought about by the observed decreases in NPY and β-END, which inhibit hypothalamic LHRH. Because these changes were seen in ARC-injected, but not in PVN-injected, rats, the results suggest that the ARC may be the primary site where leptin acts to regulate the HPG axis.
A Mixed Complementarity Model of Hydrothermal Electricity Competition in the Western United States

This paper presents a modeling framework for analyzing competition between multiple firms that each possess a mixture of hydroelectric and thermal generation resources. Based upon the concept of a Cournot oligopoly with a competitive fringe, the model characterizes the Cournot equilibrium conditions of a multiperiod hydrothermal scheduling problem. Using data from the western United States electricity market, this framework is implemented as a mixed linear complementarity model. The results show that some firms may find it profitable to allocate considerably more hydro production to off-peak periods then they would under perfect competition. This strategy is a marked contrast to the optimal hydroschedules that would arise if no firms were acting strategically. These results highlight the need to explicitly consider profit-maximizing behavior when examining the impact of regulatory and environmental policies on electricity market outcomes.
Quantitative mitral valve modeling using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography: technique and repeatability.

Background Real-time three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography has the ability to construct quantitative models of the mitral valve (MV). Imaging and modeling algorithms rely on operator interpretation of raw images and may be subject to observer-dependent variability. We describe a comprehensive analysis technique to generate high-resolution 3D MV models and examine interoperator and intraoperator repeatability in humans. Methods Patients with normal MVs were imaged using intraoperative transesophageal real-time 3D echocardiography. The annulus and leaflets were manually segmented using a TomTec Echo-View workstation. The resultant annular and leaflet point cloud was used to generate fully quantitative 3D MV models using custom Matlab algorithms. Eight images were subjected to analysis by two independent observers. Two sequential images were acquired for 6 patients and analyzed by the same observer. Each pair of annular tracings was compared with respect to conventional variables and by calculating the mean absolute distance between paired renderings. To compare leaflets, MV models were aligned so as to minimize their sum of squares difference, and their mean absolute difference was measured. Results Mean absolute annular and leaflet distance was 2.4 ± 0.8 and 0.6 ± 0.2 mm for the interobserver and 1.5 ± 0.6 and 0.5 ± 0.2 mm for the intraobserver comparisons, respectively. There was less than 10% variation in annular variables between comparisons. Conclusions These techniques generate high-resolution, quantitative 3D models of the MV and can be used consistently to image the human MV with very small interoperator and intraoperator variability. These data lay the framework for reliable and comprehensive noninvasive modeling of the normal and diseased MV.
Exact Solution for a Stoner–Wohlfarth Particle in an Applied Field and a New Approximation for the Energy Barrier

This paper revisits the classical problem first laid out and analyzed by Stoner and Wohlfarth in their remarkable paper from 1948. While it is straightforward to solve the inverse problem and determine the field required to produce a given magnetization angle, the direct problem of finding the magnetization angle resulting from a given field is more difficult. This paper presents a reasonably compact analytic solution to the direct problem. Within a certain range of applied fields, there exist two stable solutions separated by an energy barrier. The height of the energy barrier can be computed exactly from the solutions for the magnetization. However, as an alternative, a simple approximation for the energy barrier is developed from the known boundary conditions. This approximation is slightly more accurate than the earlier Pfeiffer approximation.
Expectancy of Impaired Neuropsychological Test Scores in a Non-Clinical Sample

Two methods were addressed to evaluate the incidence of false positive impairment on tests in neuropsychological evaluation. One method used a mathematical model based on the binomial theory () to offer predictions based on probability. The model sets boundaries to determine when score variations would occur by chance and is therefore useful for identifying when cases exceed established boundaries. In addition, the present study examined test performance in a non-clinical sample of 94 college students via the Halstead Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery. Results found that 15% of the sample had impairments suggested by the Halstead Impairment Index, using criteria established by . In addition, one-half of the sample obtained impaired scores on one or two tests. These results are consistent with what the binomial model predicted. The model would therefore serve as a useful resource for clinicians when considering the probability of impaired test performance.
Translocation (X;20)(q13.1;q13.3) as a primary chromosomal finding in two patients with myelocytic disorders

Reports of X chromosome translocations, as primary chromosomal changes associated with hematologic disorders, remain relatively uncommon. Herein, we report the detection, by conventional cytogenetic methods, of a cytogenetically identical t(X;20) in two different patients with hematologic disorders (probable myelodysplasia and polycythemia vera/acute myelocytic leukemia). In both cases, this translocation appeared as the primary clonal chromosome abnormality, with breakpoints occurring in the long arms of both the X chromosome and chromosome 20 (Xq13.1 and 20q13.3, respectively). Further characterization and comparison of the translocation chromosome products of these two cases by use of fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques is also described. Similar previously reported cytogenetically cases and the potential that this specific rearrangement may represent a nonrandom chromosomal finding are discussed.
THE IMPACT OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH UPON GASTROENTEROLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES.

Many factors have contributed to the revitalization of gastroenterology in recent years: the enormous expansion of scientific knowledge, providing new ideas and techniques; increased recognition of the importance of research; the high clinical standards encouraged by the specialty boards in internal medicine and gastroenterology; the attraction of able young physicians to the field; and the availability of governmental funds for research and training. Although each of these has been important, the influence of the National Institutes of Health has been the most profound; and the purpose of this paper is to examine briefly its impact upon gastroenterology in the United States. Development. Since their establishment in 1930, from the original research laboratory in the Marine Hospital on Staten Island, later the Hygienic laboratory, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have become the financial centers of a vast research effort, and the major source of funds for medical research and research training. The first research grants were authorized by Congress in 1937, and were made by the National Cancer Institute. The Public Health Service Act of 1944 empowered the Surgeon-General to make grants-in-aid to universities, laboratories and other public or private institutions, and to individuals. Establishment of the division of research grants, in
The organization of thalamic inputs to the “premotor” areas

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses on the organization of inputs from the ventrolateral thalamus. Outputs from the cerebellum and basal ganglia supply three systems of subcortical afferents to the ventrolateral thalamus. These systems form parallel pathways to motor and premotor cortical areas. One parallel pathway originates in the caudal portions of the deep cerebellar nuclei and most directly influences the APA. A second pathway originates in SNpr and GPi and most directly influences the SMA. The third pathway originates in rostral portions of the deep cerebellar nuclei and most directly influences the motor cortex. Thus, each cortical area is the site of termination for a distinct subcortical system. Direct interactions between the three systems are largely limited to the cortical level, where the SMA, APA, and motor cortex are reciprocally interconnected with one another. In the chapter, the results suggest that the premotor areas may provide a major route by which subcortical motor nuclei influence motor cortex output. The anatomical relationship between the basal ganglia and the SMA suggests that some of the movement disorders associated with basal ganglia dysfunction might be mediated by the SMA. The anatomical relationship between the cerebellum and the APA suggests the possibility of cerebellar involvement in the motor functions of the frontal lobe. Frontal lobe lesions in humans, in the region comparable to the APA, can result in a complex disorder of learned skilled movements termed “apraxia.”
Mixing Bowls and Marketable Securities in a Family Limited Partnership

Family limited partnerships may face some unexpected tax consequence on the distribution to the partners of marketable securities and other properties. This article examines these potential tax consequences and suggests ways to avoid the problems. In essence, the best plan is to properly structure the family limited partnership from the outset.
Existence Results for Quasi-Variational Inequalities with Multivalued Perturbations of Maximal Monotone Mappings

This paper is about the existence of solutions of the following abstract quasi-variational inequality: $$\left\{\begin{array}{ll}\langle {\mathcal{A}}(u) + {\mathcal F} (u), v-u\rangle + J_u(v) -J_u(u) \ge 0,&\quad \forall v\in X,\\ u \in D(J_u).&\end{array}\right.$$ where X is a reflexive Banach space, $${{\mathcal{A}}}$$ is a maximal monotone mapping, $${{\mathcal F}}$$ is a multivalued mapping which is compact in certain sense, and J u is a convex and lower semicontinuous functional depending on u. We are interested in solvability conditions for the above inequality that extends those for a class of boundary value problems containing elliptic operators with multivalued coefficients.
Epidemiology and Imaging Appearance of the Normal Bi-/multipartite Hallux Sesamoid Bone:

Background:Turf toe is a hyperextension injury of the hallux metatarsophalangeal joint that can be difficult to diagnose on physical examination and imaging. Diastasis of the bi- or multipartite sesamoid of the hallux has been implicated as 1 potential radiographic finding of turf toe injury, and when present may require operative management. However, the normal interval for the bi-/multipartite sesamoid has not yet been established.Methods:A total of 671 foot radiograph series were reviewed in effort to quantify the dominant interval of the bi-/multipartite sesamoid bone with respect to potential influencing factors including right versus left foot, medial and/or lateral sesamoid involvement, patient age and gender, and weight versus non-weight-bearing radiograph technique.Results:The prevalence of a bi-/multipartite hallux sesamoid was 14.3% in our population. The dominant sesamoid interval ranged from 0-2 mm, with an average of 0.79 mm.Conclusion:We conclude that sesamoid diastasis should be considered...
Statistical Analysis on the Literature of HIV Health Education Research from 1994 to 2003 in China

Objective Though the statistical analysis on the literature of HIV health education research reveal the basis and the trend of prevention and control of HIV in the past 10 years in China. Methods ' AIDS' , ' HIV' , 'Health Education', and 'Qinghua Tongfang Chinese Journal Data of All Article (CHKD)' were entered as keywords for the search in the internet. All the literature of HTV health education research from 1994 to 2003 were collected and analyzed. Results There were 364 papers published on HIV health education research from 1994 to 2003 in China. The quantity of literature per year was explosively increased after 2001. There were 252 (69.2%) literature published between 2001 and 2003.The first 3 journals which published most of the literature (152 papers, 41.8%) were "Zhongguo JiangKang JiaoYu", "ZhongGuo XueXiao WeiSheng", and "ZhongGuo XinBing AaiZiBing FangZhi". There were 267 (72.3%) literature published by centers for disease control and prevention(130) , universities (93) and hospitals(40). There were 273(75.8%) literature on the evaluation of interference policy (143), question and answer investigation(103),and control and prevention (30). Conclusions The government may play a key role to change the present condition of a epidemic disease. The centers for disease control and prevention were undertaken the importance work of AIDS health education. The AIDS health education work in China was focus on the evaluation of interference policy, and question and answer investigation.
Electrotonic modulation of electrical activity in rabbit atrioventricular node myocytes

Electrotonic effects of electrically coupling atrioventricular (AV) nodal cells to each other and to real and passive models of atrial and ventricular cells were studied using a technique that does not require functional gap junctions. Membrane potential was measured in each cell using suction pipettes. Mutual entrainment of two spontaneously firing AV nodal cells was achieved with a junctional resistance (Rj) of 500 M omega, which corresponds to only 39 junctional channels, assuming a single-channel conductance of 50 pS. Coupling of AV nodal and atrial cells at Rj of 50 M omega caused hyperpolarization of the nodal cell, decreasing its action potential duration and either slowing or blocking diastolic depolarization in the AV node myocyte. Opposite changes occurred in the atrial action potential. When AV nodal and ventricular cells were coupled at Rj of 50 M omega, nodal diastolic potential was markedly hyperpolarized and diastolic depolarization was completely blocked with little change in ventricular diastolic potential. However, coupling did elicit marked changes in the action potential duration of both cells, with prolongation in the nodal cell and shortening in the ventricular cell. Nodal maximum upstroke velocity was increased by both atrial and ventricular coupling, as expected from the hyperpolarization that occurred. With an Rj of 50 M omega, spontaneous firing was blocked in all single AV nodal pacemaker cells during coupling to a real or passive model of an atrial or ventricular cell. These results demonstrate that action potential formation and waveform in a single AV nodal cell is significantly affected by electrical coupling to other myocytes.
Strategic Incorporation of Fluorine for Drug Discovery and Development

Abstract The extraordinary potential of fluorine in therapeutic and diagnostic agents has been extensively studied and successfully exploited for the drug discovery and development in the past three decades. Accordingly, in the current drug design, fluorine is considered the second “favorite heteroatom” only after nitrogen. The strategic incorporation of fluorine(s) into biologically active compounds often brings about pharmacologically beneficial properties. 18 F-positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging enables rapid and accurate assessment of biodistribution and metabolic profiles of drug candidates. Also, 18 F-PET imaging can be used for diagnosing neurological disorders such as Alzheimer disease. In this chapter, selected new fluorine-containing drugs, which have recently been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration or evaluated in phase III clinical trials for the unmet medical needs, are described, wherein the significance of the strategic incorporation of fluorine(s) in these drugs, as well as the modern synthetic processes employed for the production of these drugs, is discussed.
Classification of LPI radar signals using spectral correlation and support vector machines

In modern radar systems, low probability of intercept (LPI) waveforms are used to make detection by a potential adversary difficult. This is accomplished using wideband waveforms, frequency hopping, and continuous waveforms (FMCW) to reduce the signal profile. The low signal profile of the LPI signal enables the radar to perform detection and or target tracking while the target remains unaware. Several modulation techniques such as polytime codes, polyphase codes, FSK, and FMCW are used to produce LPI signals for transmission. This paper looks at the ability of spectral correlation along with a support vector machine in order to automatically classify the different LPI signal types in a non-cooperative environment.
Prehypertensive Blood Pressures and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Independently Relate to Cognitive Performance in Midlife

BackgroundHigh blood pressure is thought to contribute to dementia in late life, but our understanding of the relationship between individual differences in blood pressure (BP) and cognitive functi...
The role of targeted therapies in the management of progressive glioblastoma

What is the influence of targeted medical therapies on disease control and survival in the adult patient with progressive glioblastoma? This recommendation applies to adult patients with progressive glioblastoma Level III Treatment with bevacizumab is recommended as it provides improved disease control compared to historical controls as measured by best imaging response and progression free survival at 6 months. Given that there are a large number of therapies are available for progressive glioblastoma that may be applied under selected circumstances dependent on patient characteristics and treating physician judgment, it is strongly recommended that patients with progressive glioblastoma be enrolled in properly designed clinical investigations to provide convincing evidence of therapeutic value.
Reappraising the Impact of Offending on Victimization: A Propensity Score Matching Approach:

Existing evidence clearly supports an empirical connection between offending and victimization. Often called the “victim–offender overlap,” this relationship holds for both sexes, across the life c...
Viral Transduction of Primary Schwann Cells Using a Cre-Lox System to Regulate Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression

Abstract Peripheral nerve injuries are common and can lead to major disabilities. Despite refinement in surgical techniques to reconstruct nerve injuries, complete functional recovery following nerve regeneration is rare. Therefore, nonsurgical strategies that enhance functional recovery following injury are sought. The advances of the potential therapeutic glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are discussed including limitations to its clinical translation. As a tool to expand understanding of exogenous GDNF therapies, Schwann cells (SCs) with inducible GDNF expression have been developed. These transgenic SCs can regulate GDNF overexpression via tetracycline family antibiotics allowing for spatial and temporal regulation of GDNF. This chapter provides an overview of peripheral nerve biology including injury and regeneration and the clinical state of the field to improve regenerative outcomes. This chapter then describes methods and anticipated results to generate primary SCs capable of GDNF expression.
Guidelines for rehabilitation of sports injuries.

Injury and the resultant inactivity cause changes in a number of physical conditioning variables. Total rehabilitation requires that each of these variables be evaluated and returned to its preinjury level. Rehabilitation, then, requires constant assessment and evaluation, the results of which guide a functional progression through a systematic program of physical reconditioning.
Defining a synthetic pheromone blend attractive to male Heliothis subflexa under wind tunnel conditions.

Heliothis subflexa males were flown in a wind tunnel to a variety of combinations of synthetic pheromone components admixed on a filter paper disk. Blends containing (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11–16:Ald, 1000 ng), (Z)-9-hexadecenal (Z9–16:Ald, 500 ng) and (Z)-11-hexadecenol (Z11–16:OH, 10–500 ng) elicited upwind flight and source contact in 52–69% of males. All these compounds have previously been isolated and identified from female H. subflexa gland extracts and volatile pheromone emissions. Males were not attracted by blends in which Z9–16:Ald was omitted (0% source contact). Similarly, blends lacking Z11–16:OH were unattractive to male H. subflexa (3% or less source contact). Males were extremely sensitive to the presence of Z11–16:OH; however, responding in high numbers (57–69% source contact) to blends containing a dosage of 1% (10 ng) or greater Z11–16:OH. Males were unresponsive to blends in which Z9–16:Ald was replaced with a variety of dosages of (Z)-9-tetradecenal, a secondary component of a closely-related congeneric species, Heliothis virescens. Another compound present in the blend emitted by conspecific females, (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11–16:Ac), did not inhibit H. subflexa males (69% source contact) when added to the three-component mixture (1:0.5:0.1) at a ratio of 0.1 (100 ng) with respect to Z11–16:Ald. These results indicate that Z9–16:Ald and Z11–16:OH are required in addition to Z11–16:Ald to elicit significant levels of upwind flight in H. subflexa males. The effects of Z11–16:Ac are more subtle, but at the dosage tested in these experiments, this compound does not have an antagonistic effect on upwind flight and source location by H. subflexa males.
High-fidelity 3D Printing using Flashing Photopolymerization

Photopolymerization-based 3D printing has emerged as a promising technique to fabricate 3D structures. However, during the printing process, polymerized materials such as hydrogels often become highly light-scattering, thus perturbing incident light distribution and thereby deteriorating the final print resolution. To overcome this scattering-induced resolution deterioration, we developed a novel method termed flashing photopolymerization (FPP). Our FPP approach is informed by the fundamental kinetics of photopolymerization reactions, where light exposure is delivered in millisecond-scale 'flashes', as opposed to continuous light exposure. During the period of flash exposure, the prepolymer material negligibly scatters light. The material then polymerizes and opacifies in absence of light, therefore the exposure pattern is not perturbed by scattering. Compared to the conventional use of a continuous wave (CW) light source, the FPP fabrication resolution is improved. FPP also shows little dependency on the exposure, thus minimizing trial-and-error type optimization. Using FPP, we demonstrate its use in generating high-fidelity 3D printed constructs.
Dynamic Effects on Migratory Aptitudes in Carbocation Reactions

Carbocation rearrangement reactions are of great significance to synthetic and biosynthetic chemistry. In pursuit of a scale of inherent migratory aptitude that takes into account dynamic effects, both uphill and downhill ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations were used to examine competing migration events in a model system designed to remove steric and electronic biases. The results of these simulations were combined with detailed investigations of potential energy surface topography and variational transition state theory calculations to reveal the importance of nonstatistical dynamic effects on migratory aptitude.
Epi-illumination quantitative phase imaging (QPI) and 3D refractive index (RI) tomography in thick scattering samples with quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) and 3D refractive index (RI) tomography are important tools in biomedicine that yield label-free access to cellular and subcellular structures with unprecedented clarity. However, implementation of these technologies involves a transmission-based geometry which requires thin samples. Here we describe quantitative oblique back illumination microscopy (qOBM), which overcomes this significant limitation and achieves epiillumination quantitative phase imaging and 3D RI tomography in thick samples, including intact thick tissues. In this presentation, we will describe the method in detail and show results from thick samples including intact whole mouse brains and organoids. qOBM opens the door to many exciting new applications in biomedicine.
Presentation and Outcomes of Non-Squamous Cell Carcinoma Sinonasal Malignancies: A National Perspective.

Background:Non-squamous cell carcinoma sinonasal malignancies (NSCCSM) are relatively rare. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy (NTx) have been proposed to improve outcomes compared to sur...
FEA-aided investigation of the effective thermal conductivity in a medium with embedded spheres

Abstract For multiple applications in nuclear energy, the ability to accurately represent material behavior with a simplified model is important to facilitate practical engineering-scale simulations. In this work, we focus on the homogenized thermal response of a medium containing spherical inclusions, similar to a fuel form (compact or pebble) containing (TRISO) particles. A review on effective thermal conductivity (ETC) modeling is performed considering a random distribution of mono-sized spherical inclusions in a continuous matrix, with a primary focus on the analytical models. Finite element simulations are performed to evaluate each analytical model in varying material conditions. The model predictions are compared with the expected results obtained from the finite element predictions in addition to the Wiener and Hashin-Shtrikman bounds. Lastly, we included a practical discussion on the homogenization applied to a TRISO fuel pebble.
“You Are What You Eat”: Oprah, Amarillo, and Food Politics

Texas Beef Group v. Oprah Winfrey (1998) was both a referendum on Oprah and a backlash to her on-air rejection of beef. Following Oprah’s proclamation that “[the threat of mad cow disease] has just stopped me cold from eating another burger,” members of the cattle industry sued, blaming Oprah for violating the newly minted “veggie libel” law. The trial offered important insights into how concepts of food are connected to race, gender, and power dynamics. Oprah defended her free-speech rights, tactically affiliating with the local community through subversive and embodied moves, while the lead plaintiff stated, “We cleaned up her act,” a gendered and patriarchal response. Mapping the rhetorics of the trial uncovers complex social intersections, poignant points of reflection for the current vegan awakening.
Utilizing triage rates to improve ICU admission guidelines of elderly rib fracture patients.

Abstract Background Elderly rib fracture patients are generally admitted to an ICU which may result in overutilization of scarce resources. We hypothesized that this practice results in significant overtriage. Methods Retrospective study of patients over age 70 with acute rib fracture(s) as sole indication for ICU admission. Primary outcomes were adverse events (intubation, pneumonia, death), which we classified as meriting ICU admission. We utilized Cribari matrices to calculate triage rates. Results 101 patients met study criteria. 12% had adverse events occurring on average at day 5. Our undertriage rate was 6% and overtriage rate 87%. The 72 overtriaged patients utilized 295 total ICU days. Evaluating guideline modification, ≥3 fractures appears optimal. Changing to this would have liberated 50 ICU days with 3% undertriage. Conclusion Elderly patients with small numbers of rib fractures are overtriaged to ICUs. Modifying guidelines to ≥3 rib fractures will improve resource utilization and save ICU beds.
Serum phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain as a diagnostic biomarker for progressive myelomalacia in dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation.

Background Serum phosphorylated neurofilament-heavy chain (pNF-H) has not been longitudinally evaluated in dogs that develop progressive myelomalacia (PMM) after Type I intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH). Objectives To determine if serum pNF-H concentrations would predict outcome of neuroligical disease in dogs with acute, severe thoracolumbar myelopathy secondary to Type I IVDH. Animals Thirty-nine client-owned dogs with thoracolumbar myelopathy secondary to IVDH. Methods Prospective controlled cohort study. Serum was collected from dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy at multiple timepoints. Final neurological status was established at 12 months and groups were stratified accordingly. Comparisons between outcome and pNF-H concentration at each timepoint was examined using Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance on ranks and receiver operator characteristics curve analysis. Results Median serum pNF-H concentrations were not significantly different between deep pain negative dogs that did or did not recover at any timepoint (baseline: 0.37 ng/mL [0-0.9 ng/mL] vs 0 ng/mL [0-0.9 ng/mL], P > 1; 24 hours: 1.25 ng/mL [0.35-7.23 ng/mL] vs 1.53 ng/mL [0-11.94 ng/mL], P > 1; 48 hours: 1.22 ng/mL [0.63-6.62 ng/mL] vs 2.12 ng/mL [0-20.72 ng/mL], P > 1; 72 hours: 2.77 ng/mL [1.33-6.62 ng/mL] vs 16.69 ng/mL [4.02-40.12 ng/mL], P > 1). Dogs that developed PMM had significantly higher serum pNF-H concentrations after surgery compared to all other cohorts at 24 hours: 39.88 ng/mL (25.74-50.68 ng/mL); P Conclusions and clinical importance Serum pNF-H is a promising biomarker for antemortem diagnosis of PMM in dogs with acute, severe thoracolumbar myelopathy secondary to Type I IVDH.
Siddha Fasting in Morbidly Obese Heart Failure Patients Achieves Significant Weight Loss and Reduces Hospitalization

Abstract Two thirds of heart failure (HF) patients are overweight or obese. Current guidelines are unclear about weight reduction goals. We explored impact of Heartful Living (HL,) a cardiologist-led Self-Inquiry (Si) mindfulness program targeting deeper insight and resilience to promote intentional weight loss in morbidly obese HF patients. The primary outcome was >10% intentional weight loss in HF achieved in 6 males and 4 females, BMI 40 (± 8.11)Kg/m2, age of 67.1 (± 10.02) years, who participated in HL and were followed for 10 months to 3 years. Two patients had systolic dysfunction, with a reduced ejection fraction of 25 and 40%. All had diabetes (7) or metabolic syndrome (3). The fasting was unsupervised, at home and intuitive without prespecified parameters. The average weight loss through HUGE fasting was 17.5% of total body weight for all 10 patients, and 25.5% for the 5 patients followed over 2 years. Diabetes, hypertension and renal parameters improved allowing reduction of medications. This prospective case series followed ten morbidly obese patients with HF, and demonstrates intentional weight loss can be achieved with mindfulness. Clinical improvement occurs when HF patients reach over 15% weight loss. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate outcomes in broader HF populations.
DIFFERENTIAL GLIAL CELL RESPONSES IN THE DENTATE GYRUS IN YOUNG ADULT AND AGED BRAINS FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

11 Chapter 1 Introduction and Background 13 Epidemiology of TBI 14 Pathophysiology of TBI 15 TBI induced inflammation 17 Aging brain in response to TBI 23 Neurogenesis in the hippocampus in the adult brain 27 Influence of neuroinflammation on neurogenesis 34 Minocycline as a possible treatment for TBI 35 Chapter 2 – Materials and Methods 38 Subjects 38
Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygenation

The sections in this article are Introduction Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging of Cerebral Blood Flow Multispectral Reflectance Imaging of Hemoglobin Oxygenation Imaging of pO2 with Phosphorescence Quenching Keywords: cerebral blood flow; oxygenation; hemoglobin; laser speckle contrast imaging; multispectral reflectance imaging; phosphorescence quenching
Performance Tool Workflows

Using the Eclipse platform we have provided a centralized resource and unified user interface for the encapsulation of existing command-line based performance analysis tools. In this paper we describe the user-definable tool workflow system provided by this performance framework. We discuss the framework's implementation and the rationale for its design. A use case featuring the TAU performance analysis system demonstrates the utility of the workflow system with respect to conventional performance analysis procedures.
Histone acetylation in chromatin structure and transcription

'The amino termini of histones extend from the nucleosomal core and are modified by acetyltransferases and deacetylases during the cell cycle. These acetylation patterns may direct histone assembly and help regulate the unfolding and activity of genes.
Paediatric sunburn: the experience of an Australian paediatric burns unit.

Aim The number of hospital presentations and admissions for treatment of sunburn remains significant, despite efforts to educate the public regarding sun protection. Current literature chiefly examines public health campaigns and sun protection behaviours and attitudes. There are very few articles that explore paediatric sunburn requiring hospital presentation. This study was therefore undertaken to provide a snapshot of this issue and to identify patterns and causative factors in the development of severe sunburn requiring hospital presentation. Methods Data were collected for retrospective analysis from case records of patients who presented with sunburn and were registered on the Burns Service database at the Women's and Children's Hospital in South Australia. This study includes patients who presented during the period of October 2006 to March 2011. Results There were 81 cases identified over the period of 2006–2011 from the Burns database that had sufficient information for the purpose of this study. Factors such as outdoor activity and water sports were predictably apparent, with patients being burned on days with extremely high ultraviolet ratings. Key patterns that emerged were location of sunburn and sun protection use, which were gender and age specific. Conclusion Larger-scale studies are warranted to further delineate the contributing factors and to identify the specific populations of children at risk of sunburn. Future educational programmes can therefore target these subgroups and behaviours for effective prevention of sunburn. Tailored campaigns that address these factors may be of greater impact in reducing hospital presentations and admissions of significant sunburn.
Violating Divine Law: Emergency Measures in Jewish Law

Judaism is a thoroughly legal culture. Structured around the concept of mitzvot (commandments), Jewish law regulates both the public sphere of social and political interactions and the private sphere of human conduct. Jewish law is founded on a single source of legal authority, i.e., divine will as it is expressed in the Torah that was revealed to Moses at Sinai and transmitted down the generations. Yet, applying the Torah’s principles and rules to everyday life requires further decision-making in the processes of interpretation, application and administration of the law. Jewish law embraces the principle of human decision-making responsibility by recognizing the exclusive competence of halakhic authorities to determine the meaning of the Torah by way of interpretation and exegesis.While laws and regulations that are put in place by halakhic authorities without having a direct basis in the biblical text are binding they cannot contradict or overturn primary (divine) legislation. To the extent that they purport to do so, they would be “unconstitutional” and invalid.Yet, the paper argues that this has not always been the case. The first argument is that dealing with such questions as could rules promulgated by the halakhic authorities go so far as to practically “overrule” the divinely ordained law of the Torah and could the sages permit or even command that which the Torah forbids, or prohibit that which under the Torah had been allowed, Jewish law has always given these questions a qualified affirmative answer despite the divine source of the Torah law. The second claim is that the legal basis for the sages’ ability to make emergency decisions and adopt emergency measures is not entirely clear. In fact, the paper argues that the ambiguity about the legal foundation of such radical authority or power is purposeful. While some halakhic authorities identify the source of their authority as present within the framework of the law, others seem to recognize that their actions had been lacking legal authority. Rather than invoking their widely-recognized broad interpretative powers and attempt to make the claim that their actions and decisions had been in accordance with the dictates of the Torah they accept, albeit tacitly, the need to act in contravention of the Torah.
Computing Heeke Eigenvalues Below the Cohomologieal Dimension

Let Γ be a torsion-free finite-index subgroup of SLn(Z) or GLn(Z), and let υ be the cohomological dimension of Γ. We present an algorithm to compute the eigenvalues of the Hecke operators on Hυ–1(Γ; Z), for n = 2, 3, and 4. In addition, we describe a modification of the modular symbol algorithm of Ash and Rudolph for computing Hecke eigenvalues on Hυ(Γ; Z).