cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preparative separation of di- and trisulfonated components of Quinoline Yellow using affinity-ligand pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography

Four positionally isomeric 2-(2-quinolinyl)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dionedisulfonic acids (SA) and one triSA, components of the color additive Quinoline Yellow (QY, Color Index No. 47005), were isolated from the dye mixture by affinity-ligand pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography (CCC) through complementary use of ion-exchange and ion-pair reagents as the ligand. The added ligands facilitated the partitioning of the very polar polysulfonated components into the organic stationary phase of the two-phase solvent systems that consisted of isoamyl alcohol–methyl tert-butyl ether–acetonitrile–water (3:5:1:7), (3:4:1:7) or (3:1:1:5). Thus, separation of a 5-g portion of QY using sulfuric acid as the retainer and dodecylamine as the ligand (an ion-exchange reagent, 20% in the stationary phase), resulted in 1.21 g of 6′,5-diSA and 1.69 g of 6′,8′,5-triSA, both of over 99% purity. A minor component, 8′,4-diSA, not previously reported was also obtained (4.8 mg of over 94% purity) through a similar separation of a different batch of QY using hydrochloric acid as the retainer and 10% dodecylamine as the ligand in the stationary phase. Two components that co-eluted (0.55 g) in the 5 g separation were separated when trifluoroacetic acid was used as the retainer and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (an ion-pair reagent) as the ligand. The separation resulted in 20.7 mg of 6′,4-diSA, not previously reported, and 111.8 mg of 8′,5-diSA, both of over 98% purity. The isolated compounds were characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance with correlated spectroscopy assignments.
Improved technique for studying ion channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes, including fast superfusion

The study of whole-cell currents from ion channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes with conventional two-electrode voltage clamp has two major limitations. First, the large diameter and spherical geometry of oocytes prevent extremely fast solution changes. Second, the internal medium is not controlled, which limits the experimental versatility of the oocyte expression system. For example, because the internal medium is not controlled, endogenous calcium-activated chloride conductances can contaminate currents measured with channels that are permeable to calcium. We describe a new technique that combines vaseline-gap voltage clamp for oocytes with a fast superfusion system. The vaseline-gap procedure is simplified by having the micropipette that monitors voltage serve a dual role as a perfusion micropipette that controls the internal solution. In addition, the technique provides fast external solution changes that are complete in 30-50 ms. We applied the approach to measure the calcium permeability of a muscle and a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Very fast agonist induced currents were measured without contamination by the secondary activation of calcium-dependent chloride channels.
On the hardening and softening of nanocrystalline materials

Nanocrystalline Pd and Cu samples have been thermally treated to determine whether the relation between hardness and grain size depend on the method used to vary the grain sizes. Previous reports indicate that hardening with decreasing grain size resulted from data obtained using individual samples, while softening with decreasing grain size resulted from data from a given sample that had been thermally treated. Hardening and softening regimes were evident for the nanocrystalline cu, and the hardness improvements over the original as-consolidated state were maintained throughout the thermal treatments. This review examines our hardness results for Cu and Pd and those for other nanocrystalline materials.
Elastic-plastic Finite Element Analysis of Plates*

A general finite element displacement analysis capable of determining the complete elastic-plastic behavior of complex shaped, transversely loaded plates is presented. The approach is formulated in incremental form and is based on the tangent stiffness concept. A layered plate model is adopted to aid in the description of the elastic-plastic behavior of the plate, since the process of plastification in a plate is difficult to describe mathematically. The method is developed for an elastic, linearly-strain hardening material; but could easily be extended to treat a more general material behavior. A few example solutions are given, demonstrating the validity of the proposed numerical technique from which valuable solutions to complex elastic-plastic plate boundary value problems can be obtained.
A Time-Domain Inverse Dynamic Tracking Control of a Single-Link Flexible Manipulator

A manipulator system with a large workspace volume and high payload capacity has greater link flexibility than do typical industrial robots and teleoperators. If link flexibility is significant, position control of the manipulator’s end-effector exhibits nonminimum-phase, noncollocated, and flexible-structure system control problems. This paper addresses inverse dynamic trajectory planning issues of a single-link flexible manipulator. The inverse dynamic equation of a single-link flexible manipulator was solved in the time-domain. By dividing the inverse system equation into its causal part and anticausal part, the inverse dynamic method calculates the feed-forward torque and the trajectories of all state variables that do not excite structural vibrations for a given end-point trajectory. Through simulation and experiment with a single-link manipulator, the effectiveness of the inverse dynamic method in producing fast and vibration-free motion has been demonstrated.
Age-dependent effects of deafferentation of the rat superior cervical ganglion on expression of P65 (synaptotagmin) during postnatal development.

Abstract Previous studies have shown that deafferentation of the rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) alters the levels of p65 (synaptotagmin), a synaptic vesicle integral membrane protein, within the ganglion. Neonatal deafferentation blocks normal postnatal increases in p65, while deafferentation in adult animals produces a transient increase in p65 expression. The present study examines the time course of the shift from the neonatal to adult pattern of response to deafferentation. Neonatal and 7 day old rats showed the neonatal response to deafferentation. Ganglia from rats aged 14 days or older at deafferentation exhibited the transient increase in p65 at 7 days after surgery. The shift from the neonatal to adult response occurs during the seond postnatal week. The change in response to deafferentation may be associated with refinement of synaptic function in a manner yet to be determined.
An examination of factors for the strategic use of information systems in the healthcare industry

The potential use of information systems technology (IST) as a competitive weapon has been of enormous interest to many academic scholars and practitioners. However, the importance of identifying factors that organizations must deal with in the process of achieving IST competitive advantages has received inadequate research attention. This article attempts to identify these important factors for the strategic use of IST by examining the multifaceted role of IST in the healthcare context. Three propositions are developed from (1) re-examining a variety of successful IST applications both within and outside healthcare organizations, (2) re-applying the integration concept from the literature, and (3) examining field experiences in the healthcare industry. These propositions should serve as a basis for future empirical investigations into IST strategic applications.
Processing abilities associated with math skills in adult learning disability

This study evaluated college adults (N = 138) referred for learning problems using a Cattell-Horn-Carroll based intelligence measure (Woodcock Johnson-Revised: WJ-R) and spatial and executive function neuropsychological measures to determine processing abilities underlying math skills. Auditory and visual perceptual (WJ-R Ga and Gv), long- and short-memory (WJ-R Glr and Gsm), crystallized and fluid intellectual (WJ-R Gc and Gf), and spatial and executive function (Judgment of Line Orientation [JLO] and Category Test) measures differentiated those with and without math deficits. Multiple regression revealed selective processing abilities (Gf, JLO, and Category) predicting about 16% of the variance in math skills after variance associated with general intelligence (also about 16%) was removed. Cluster analysis found evidence for a selective spatial deficit group, a selective executive function deficit group and a double deficit (spatial and executive function) group. Results were discussed in relation to a double deficit hypothesis associated with developmental dyscalculia.
Revisiting the factor structure of the 12-item Disgust Propensity and Sensitivity Scale – Revised: Evidence for a third component

Abstract The 12-item Disgust Propensity and Sensitivity Scale – Revised (DPSS-12) is widely used to assess the tendency for an individual to respond with disgust (i.e., disgust propensity) and how bothered an individual is by the experience of disgust (i.e., disgust sensitivity). However, heterogeneous items included in the DPSS-12 call into question the adequacy of its two-factor structure. The current study examined the factor structure of the DPSS-12 using two large, nonclinical student samples. Exploratory factor analyses revealed three lower order factors: (1) disgust propensity, (2) disgust sensitivity, and (3) self-focused/ruminative disgust. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the three-factor solution and demonstrated that the model fit better than a unidimensional or two-factor model. Further, a modified two-factor model that excluded the third factor provided a better fit than the original two-factor model. Additionally, the third domain explained a significant portion of the total variance, and evidenced a distinctive pattern of association with relevant constructs including obsessional symptoms. These data suggest the need to refine our knowledge about the latent structure of disgust reflected by this measure.
Environmental Discourse and Social Movement Organizations: A Historical and Rhetorical Perspective on the Development of U.S. Environmental Organizations

Environmental organizations in the United States are key actors in the process of social change. A rhetorical and historical perspective expands the understanding of different types of environmental organizations, and the actions that they follow. In the first section of this article, the role of language in constructing social movements is reviewed. This perspective is then applied in a second section to the environmental movement in the United States. Through a detailed reading of the philosophical and historical literature on environmental discourses, and an examination of the founding documents of leading environmental organizations, six environmental discourses are identified, and the incorporation of these discourses into environmental organizations is described. A close look at forty-four environmental organizations in the United States in a third section shows three distinct historical periods (Conservationist/Preservationist; Ecocentrist; and Political/Deep Ecology) through which the U.S. environmental movement has developed. The article concludes with some suggestions for further research.
EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT ON VISCOSITY OF YOLK

SUMMARY– Apparent viscosity readings at different shear rates for yolk or albumen-containing yolk in the native or heated conditions were obtained by a Wells-Brookfield microviscometer. The viscosity-shear rate curves for these yolk samples are typical for a pseudoplastic, non-Newtonian fluid. The apparent viscosity of native yolk with a solids content of 52.5% dropped gradually from 23 to 18 poises with an increase in shear rate from 1.9 to 76.8 sec-1. The apparent viscosity of pasteurized yolk (65.6°C for 3 min) dropped drastically from 200 to 100 poises with an increase in shear rate from 1.9 to 19.2 sec-1. Addition of thin albumen at levels of 5, 10 and 20% to native yolk brought about a considerable decline in the viscosity. The heat damage to the albumen-containing yolk as reflected by viscosity increase was reduced as the content of thin albumen increased. The viscosity increase of urea-treated yolk and yolk with 5 and 10% thin albumen was related to the temperature of heat treatment prior to urea addition.
Chronic Tears of the Reflected Head of the Rectus Femoris Results of Operative Treatment

Background: While the majority of quadriceps muscle strains can be managed nonoperatively, rare cases remain symptomatic despite nonoperative treatment.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to report on results of surgical treatment of a limited number of cases of persistently symptomatic tears of the reflected head of the rectus femoris.Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.Methods: The records of 5 patients with chronic tears of the rectus femoris treated with excision of the reflected head were reviewed. A telephone interview regarding return to sport and current limitations was completed if patients were available for further follow-up.Results: A review of 5 cases of surgical treatment of chronic tears of the reflected head of the rectus was completed. Patients included 1 woman and 4 men with an average age of 21 years (range, 18-24 years). Three patients played football (2 kickers) and 2 played soccer at a collegiate level. All 5 reported a significant decrease in pain during sport and acti...
Cardiac magnetic resonance aids in the diagnosis of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy.

A 29-year-old woman presented with symptoms of cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing. She was diagnosed with bronchitis, but did not improve with empirical therapy, including antibiotics, inhalers, and prednisone. She subsequently developed chest pain that was worse when lying down, and a chest X-ray demonstrated cardiomegaly. This radiographic finding prompted further investigations. Her past medical history was notable for respiratory distress at birth and small stature growing up. She was diagnosed with a heart murmur at age 15, but investigations performed at that time were unrevealing. She also suffered from hearing loss. In retrospect it was discovered that several members in her maternal family, including her mother, grandmother, and aunt, also suffered from hearing loss. In addition, her mother had type 2 diabetes and a history of stroke and seizures. On physical examination, she was a short, thin young woman with a body mass index of 17, wearing bilateral hearing aids. Her vital signs were normal. Cardiac auscultation revealed a 2/6 systolic ejection murmur. Laboratories revealed an elevated serum creatinine level of 1.36 mg/dL and a markedly elevated B-type natriuretic peptide level of 1417 pg/mL. The electrocardiogram was abnormal with evidence of right atrial enlargement, inferior Q waves, poor R wave progression, and inferolateral T wave inversions. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed severe, concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy with a septal wall thickness of 17 mm (Figure 1). LV systolic function was hyperdynamic (Movie I of the online-only Data Supplement), while diastolic filling demonstrated a restrictive pattern. The right ventricle also demonstrated increased wall thickness but was of normal chamber size and function. There was a moderate-sized pericardial effusion measuring 1.8 …
Stability of the 2-D Givone–Roesser Model With Periodic Coefficients

The stability of two-dimensional (2-D) periodically shift varying (PSV) filters formulated as the Givone-Roesser (GR) model is studied. The applications of these filters include processing video signals with cyclostationary noise, image and video scrambling, and design of multiplierless filters. The GR model is embedded into the second model of Fornasini-Marchesisni and the stability of this embedded model is then studied. Several sufficient conditions and one necessary condition are derived for stability. These conditions are compared for their relative computational complexities and their restrictions. Based on the computational complexities of implementing these conditions, an algorithm is proposed to determine the stability of a given 2-D PSV system. Several examples are given to illustrate the results
Homeless and highly mobile students: A population-level description of the status of homeless students from three school districts

An increasing number of school-age children lack fixed, permanent housing, which negatively affects their school engagement, jeopardizing long-term school success. Much of the previous research on this problem has focused on specific interventions in specific jurisdictions on targeted populations, but seldom have researchers attempted to study homeless and highly mobile students at a population level. This descriptive study combined statewide and local district education and child welfare data to examine and describe the attributes of children, who are identified as homeless in relation to their mobile and Non-Mobile peers. These data provided a population-level, multi-system picture of homeless students that offers one novel example of data use to agencies that serve students to potentially improve student identification. Also offered is a suggested direction for an evaluation of McKinney-Vento policy.
Tethered dimer inhibitors of NAD synthetase: parallel synthesis of an aryl-substituted SAR library.

We previously reported that tethered dimers containing indoles on one end and a permanent positive charge on the other, using a 6−9 carbon polymethylene tether, provided NAD synthetase inhibitors with impressive antibacterial activities against Gram-positives. Here, we report that the phenyl ring is a good substitute for indole, and we utilize solution-phase parallel synthesis to explore structure−activity relationships for substituents on that ring. General conclusions are that nonpolar substituents are more effective than polar ones and that different positional isomers often have very different enzyme inhibition activities. This latter observation reveals that enzyme activity is sensitive to minor structural changes and suggests that nonspecific detergent actions are not important for the observed effects.
Carbonic anhydrase in some coral reef fishes: adaptation to carbonate ingestion?

Abstract o 1. Carbonic anhydrase activity was measured in three species of coral reef fishes, Acanthurus triostegus, Holocentrus spinifer and Scarus jonesi . 2. Significant activity was found in extracts of blood, gill, gut contents, gut mucosa and bile. 3. Intestinal mucosa of the two calcium carbonate ingesting species was twelve times as active as that of the other species, which does not ingest carbonate. 4. In Scarus jonesi , significant differences exist in the intestinal mucosa activities of feeding vs fasted individuals. 5. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the ingestion of calcium carbonate may increase the CO 2 load and, therefore, necessitate high levels of gut carbonic anhdrase.
Process-graph analyser: a front-end tool for VHDL behavioural synthesis

A front-end of an electronic CAD synthesis system is described. The synthesis system accepts a behavioural description of a digital system design written in VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL) and produces the physical hardware, at the register transfer level, needed for realizing the specified behaviour. The synthesis system comprises three major subsystems: process-graph analyser, design representation and the MIMOLA synthesis system. The process-graph analyser is an optimization and parallelization tool. We show how optimizing techniques used for compilers are adapted to perform a similar optimization function for hardware synthesis. We present techniques that extend the parallelization of the sequential programs concept for doing control state partitioning. The technique is new because of the unique synthesis model that MIMOLA uses. Finally, we show how to integrate these concepts using a suitable intermediate behavioural representation called the process graph.
Spatial and isotopic analysis of watershed soil loss and reservoir sediment accumulation rates in Lake Anna, Virginia, USA

Soil erosion and associated sedimentation are a threat to the sustainable use of surface water resources through the loss of volume storage capacity and conveyance of pollutants to receiving water bodies. The RUSLE2 empirical model and isotopic sediment core analyses were used to evaluate watershed erosion and reservoir sediment accumulation rates for Lake Anna, in Central Virginia. A sediment flux rate of 66,000 Mg/year was estimated from the upper basin and land use was determined to be the primary factor contributing to soil erosion. Barren lands and agricultural activities were estimated to contribute the most sediment (>20 Mg/ha/year), whereas forested and herbaceous landscapes were less likely to erode ( 0.30) within the watershed makes this system highly vulnerable to future anthropogenic stressors.
Preparation of Sol-Gel Spheres Smaller than 200 Microns without Fluidization

The preparation of sol-gel spheres by extraction of water into organic alcohols is simpler for nonfluidizing conditions as compared to fluidized-bed operation. However, the maximum sphere diameter ...
Body Mass Index and Risk of Second Obesity-Associated Cancers After Colorectal Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Purpose To determine whether prediagnostic body mass index (BMI) is associated with risk of second obesity-associated cancers in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors, and whether CRC survivors have increased susceptibility to obesity-associated cancer compared with cancer-free individuals. Patients and Methods Incident first primary CRC cases (N = 11,598) were identified from five prospective cohort studies. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to examine associations between baseline (prediagnostic) BMI and risk of second obesity-associated cancers (postmenopausal breast, kidney, pancreas, esophageal adenocarcinoma, endometrium) in CRC survivors, and compared associations to those for first obesity-associated cancers in the full cohort. Results Compared with survivors with normal prediagnostic BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), those who were overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2) or obese (30+ kg/m2) had greater risk of a second obesity-associated cancer (n = 224; overweight hazard ratio [HR], 1.39; 95% CI, 1.01 to ...
The Hermitage in the Context of the City

(2003). The Hermitage in the Context of the City. Museum International: Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 79-84.
Some Factors Affecting the Growth of Streptococcus Bovis on Chemically Defined Media

Summary Some factors which affect the growth of Streptococcus bovis in chemically defined media were studied. It was demonstrated that a substance produced by autoclaving glucose with phosphate is required for growth on NH 4 Cl, but not on l-grutamine as a sole nitrogen source. This product of autoclaving was replaced by potential electron acceptors, i.e., acetaldehyde, acetoin, and pyruvate, or by lowering the initial pH of the medium below 7.0. The effects of anaerobiosis and the medium used to grow inocula on the growth of S. bovis in chemically defined media have been discussed. The amounts of NH 4 Cl and l-glutamine required for growth have been compared in the presence and absence of l-glutamic acid. No synergistic growth response to combinations of a good nitrogen source, i.e., l-glutamine or NH 4 Cl and l-glutamic acid, a poor nitrogen source, was observed.
Adverse selection: does it preclude a competitive health insurance market?

In sum, although fixed dollar subsidies have the great virtue of ferreting out cross subsidies, society may not be satisfied with the results. The scenario described by Marquis is only one of many. People seem to want lifetime insurance offering low premiums if things go bad rather than premiums that change annually as health outcomes are realized [see, e.g., Light (1992)]. But nondiversible risk may be too great for a market in life contracts to exist.
Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease in Persons with Diabetes Mellitus

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. Asymptomatic CHD in these patients is elusive and carries a poor prognosis given the fact that an unheralded acute myocardial infarction or sudden cardiac death frequently constitutes its first presentation. Because effective screening for asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes for both the presence and severity of CHD is intuitively appealing, we have summarized the utility and prognostic value of various diagnostic modalities (both functionally and anatomically) in enhancing risk stratification and leading to improved and more aggressive management of the risk factors. There exist some evidence and recommendations for screening of asymptomatic persons with diabetes using certain modalities. More research is needed to define potential subsets of patients with diabetes who may benefit from additional testing for asymptomatic CHD.
The system Li3BN2 at high pressures and temperatures

Abstract The system Li3BN2 was studied over the pressure and temperature range from 10 to 65 kb and 300–1900°C, respectively. The stability region of a quenchable high pressure modification, Li3BN2(W), was defined, and the data also suggest the possibility of another nonquenchable high pressure modification. Li3BN2(W) is the phase which appears to be in equilibrium with borazon (cubic BN) during growth of this phase from the system Li3N-BN, and the P-T data obtained on the melting of Li3BN2(W) are useful for defining the growth conditions for borazon.
Tunnel Valve Sensors in Contact Recording

Results of experiments in which hard-disk drive (HDD) tunnel valve (TV) sensors were run in continuous contact with magnetic recording tape are presented. In one mode, suspended HDD sliders were run against tape backed by a supporting air film in a novel configuration. In another, tape was run in an air-skiving mode over HDD rowbars mounted on support beams, similar to the way tape wraps a conventional tape head. The data indicate that HDD TV sensors can successfully operate in continuous contact with running tape media. Measurements show that roughness of older generation metal particle tape limits the signal-to-noise ratio achievable using existing narrow HDD TV sensors. However, TV sensors optimized for running on smoother barium ferrite tape are now a viable candidate for future high areal density tape recording platforms.
Relativistic particle systems

The relationship between the 1961 paper of the above title and more recent papers on the subject is clarified.
Energetic Particle Signatures of Satellites and Rings in Neptune's Magnetosphere

The cosmic ray system on Voyager 2 found a trapped radiation environment in Neptune's inner magnetosphere which is controlled primarily by absorption at the rings and satellite surfaces. The intensity of electrons with kinetic energies ≳ 1 MeV shows particularly strong and narrow signatures associated with absorption by the satellite 1989N1 at an orbital radius of 4.75 Neptune radii. Closer to the planet are several signatures of the inner satellites and rings. Absorption limits the intensity of the inner radiation belt sufficiently for the maximum intensity to occur outside the orbit of 1989N1 at a magnetic L shell of ∼7. Radial profiles of the electron phase space density show that electrons diffuse inward from a source in the outer magnetosphere. Many of the the inward-diffusing electrons are absorbed upon reaching a satellite orbital radius, but the finite absorption efficiency allows some of the electrons to pass by unaffected. The locations of the satellite and ring signatures also provide constraints on the non-dipolar components of the planetary magnetic field.
A Description and Evaluation of Various 3-D Models

Overcoming the limitations of polygonal techniques, parametric representations of curved lines and surfaces have evolved into powerful tools for today's computer graphics modeling applications.
(1-Bromo­naphthalen-2-yl)acetonitrile

The title compound, C12H8BrN, was prepared as a starting material for a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction with a pinacol ester. The torsion angle about the ring–methylene C—C bond is 30.7 (3)°, such that the N atom is displaced by 1.174 (4) A from the plane of the naphthalene ring system.
Techniques for improving buried mine detection in thermal IR imagery

We describe sensor-based and signal-processing-based techniques for improving the detection of buried land mines in thermal IR imagery. Results of experimental studies using MWIR and LWIR imaging systems are reported. Thermal clutter due to surface reflected sunlight and skylight are investigated and shown to be the dominant clutter component for both MWIR and LWIR imagery collected during daylight hours. A sensor-based clutter reduction technique, spectral differencing, was considered and found to provide some benefit. The temporal evolution of thermal signatures was investigated. The imagery are found to have near-Gaussian statistics, and therefore the deflection coefficient is a valid measure of detectability. The deflection coefficient for some buried mines was found to improve with time after sunset. In addition, the LWIR band appears to offer some advantages in detection. Clutter mitigation via signal processing is also explored using an 'estimator-classifier' technique in which target-related parameters are estimated from the data and detected with a classifier. The theoretical basis of the method is discussed. MWIR and LWIR imagery are used to illustrate both the sensor-based and signal-processing-based techniques.
Multilateral and unilateral policy reform of emission taxes and abatement subsidies in a two-country model with oligopolistic interdependence

This paper considers a two-country model with oligopolistic interdependence where firms make their output and emission decisions simultaneously, and face an emission tax and abatement subsidy. The impact of multilateral and unilateral policy reform on global emissions and welfare is examined, and the impact of the degree of product differentiation on optimal policy is explored. The analysis indicates that multilateral/unilateral policy reform reduces emissions and raises welfare under alternative assumptions on the cost function and parameter values. Additionally, it is shown that optimal policy is sensitive to the degree of product differentiation.
Effects of the Transcendental Meditation Technique on Normal and Jendrassik Reflex Time

Fractionated normal and Jendrassik reflex times were assessed on 14 subjects over a 6-wk. period to examine the short- and long-range effects of Transcendental Meditation on the neuromuscular system. While no significant differences in reflex times were observed pre- and posttreatment, a significant reduction in reflex times was found over sessions. Possible explanations were offered.
The histone demethylase KDM3A is a microRNA-22-regulated tumor promoter in Ewing Sarcoma

Ewing Sarcoma is a biologically aggressive bone and soft tissue malignancy affecting children and young adults. Ewing Sarcoma pathogenesis is driven by EWS/Ets fusion oncoproteins, of which EWS/Fli1 is the most common. We have previously shown that microRNAs (miRs) regulated by EWS/Fli1 contribute to the pro-oncogenic program in Ewing Sarcoma. Here we show that miR-22, an EWS/Fli1-repressed miR, is inhibitory to Ewing Sarcoma clonogenic and anchorage-independent cell growth, even at modest overexpression levels. Our studies further identify the H3K9me1/2 histone demethylase KDM3A (JMJD1A/JHDM2A) as a new miR-22-regulated gene. We show that KDM3A is overexpressed in Ewing Sarcoma, and that its depletion inhibits clonogenic and anchorage-independent growth in multiple patient-derived cell lines, and tumorigenesis in a xenograft model. KDM3A depletion further results in augmentation of the levels of the repressive H3K9me2 histone mark, and downregulation of pro-oncogenic factors in Ewing Sarcoma. Together, our studies identify the histone demethylase KDM3A as a new, miR-regulated, tumor promoter in Ewing Sarcoma.
The transition from defense contractor to commercial company: The Huntsville, Alabama case

Studies have documented the historic failure of defense contractors in commercial markets. Yet some defense firms make this transition successfully. Based on a survey of Department of Defense contractors located in Huntsville, Alabama, this paper compares the characteristics and business strategies of firms that were successful in commercialization with those firms that were not.
Multilayer Integration of Low-Cost 60-GHz Front-End Transceiver on Organic LCP

This letter presents a low-cost and lightweight transceiver with RF front-end components integrated on multilayer organic liquid crystal polymer (LCP) substrate for 60-GHz wireless communication applications. Two embedded dual-mode filters with an insertion loss of 3.1 and 2.4 dB are included, while they are designed to improve the isolation between the transmitting and receiving modes. A package-integrated high-gain vertical dipole is used for the radiating element with orthogonal polarization between the transmitting and receiving modes. The transceiver module after integrating a power amplifier (PA) and a low noise amplifier (LNA) for each mode has a measured gain of 12 dBi for the transmitting mode at 61.5 GHz and 22 dBi for the receiving mode at 66 GHz.
Carbon edge XANES spectroscopy of amino acids and peptides

Abstract Carbon edge X-ray absorption near-edge structures (XANES) of amino acids and small peptides have been investigated for the first time. Because of the heat sensitivity of the samples, gas phase spectroscopy of evaporated samples is difficult. Therefore they were analyzed in solid form as thin films. Quantitative absorption measurements require the region of the sample which is illuminated to be of uniform thickness. For this reason a special sample preparation technique was used, and the spectra were taken using the small spot size of the Stony Brook scanning transmission X-ray microscope, which is operated at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Carbon K-edge XANES spectra of six amino acid monomers, four dipeptides and one tripeptide were measured and compared. The results show that the peptide spectra can be explained as a sum of the spectra of the monomers they consist of. This indicates that the peptide bond has only a weak effect on the spectra. If this is true in general, it should be possible to predict XANES spectra of proteins from the spectra of the constituent amino acids. This could be used in protein specific imaging using X-ray microscopes.
Comments on: Intensity modulated radiation therapy treatment plan optimization

This paper provides a thorough review of the modeling alternatives that have evolved in the recently active Operations Research field of optimizing radiation therapy planning for cancer treatment. That task, which has enormous social significance, presents itself as a natural optimization challenge because the goal is to direct high enough dose to target areas to kill tumors while conforming to constraints on dose to the surrounding organs-at-risk in order to avoid complications. This is accomplished by directing beams from a variety of angles around the patient, and in the newer Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), by subdividing beams into a grid of virtual beamlets to more precisely shape the profile of where dose is delivered. Especially in the IMRT case, this makes corresponding optimization models quite large scale.
A demonstration of the importance of temporal considerations in the prediction of newcomer turnover

We theorize about and examine empirically the increase in predictive strength of antecedents of voluntary turnover over the first three years of employment using survival analysis with time-varying covariates and period effects. On the basis of employee survey data gathered from 240 newcomers working in a retail bank and organizational turnover records collected over multiple years, we find that job embeddedness and job satisfaction increase in their ability to predict voluntary turnover as tenure increases. The results of this study emphasize the importance of integrating time into theories to better understand the dynamics of the turnover process. Specifically, additional theorizing about when different effects may be manifest and how long they will persist is critical. Equally important is the development and application of research methods that are suited to dynamic modeling, such as those introduced here.
An Efficient Algorithm for the Time-Domain Simulation of Regulated Energy-Storage DC-to-DC Converters

An algorithm is presented for the efficient and accurate simulation of switched-mode piecewise-linear systems, a subclass of which includes regulated energy-storage dc-to-dc converters. Three key features of the new algorithm that lead to significant improvements in computational efficiency and accuracy are 1) a state-transition-matrix table-lookup scheme to solve differential equations describing the system, 2) a modified binary-search strategy to obtain an initial estimate of the instant at which the system topology switches, and 3) a quadratic extrapolation for the accurate final determination of the switching instant. The computational efficiency of a program using the new algorithm is demonstrated by comparing its execution time with that of a program employing a standard fixed-step-size integration algorithm. The accuracy of the new algorithm is verified by comparing results obtained from the simulations with results obtained analytically, and by comparing data from the simulation of two different regulated converters with data measured experimentally.
Community Interventions for Cardiovascular Disease

Review of the community-based CVD intervention programs suggests that a number of components have been successful using varying methods and materials for CVD risk reduction. It should be noted, however, that in multi-intervention programs it is often difficult to determine which components of the intervention were responsible for the overall success of the study. The community-based approach to CVD prevention is generalizable, cost-effective (because of the use of mass communication methods), and has the potential for modifying the environment and influencing health policies. Based on the experiences and successes of a number of community projects, recommendations have been proposed for developing future programs. Although they are not totally comprehensive, it has been suggested that a community-based intervention program should consider the following recommendations: 1) An understanding of the community: the needs and priorities of the community should be assessed, and close collaboration with individuals from the community, including community leaders, opinion leaders, community health care providers, and community organizations from various sectors of the community, should be consulted. Efforts should be focused on underserved and vulnerable populations. 2) Inclusion of community activities: these activities should be integrated within the context of the community environment, including primary health care services, voluntary organizations, grocery stores, restaurants, work sites, schools, and local media. 3) Inclusion mass media messages: the mass media can provide information and reinforcement of the behavior change. 4) Develop cost-effective interventions to assure that the community is exposed to an effective dose of the intervention. 5) Work with community organizations to help change social and physical environments to make them more conducive to health and healthy life-styles changes. 6) Develop a reliable monitoring and evaluation system: monitor the change process and conduct summary evaluations. 7) Disseminate the results to ensure that the benefits from the community program reach all communities. 8) For national implementation, the intervention program should work closely with national policy makers throughout the project.
Simultaneous confidence intervals for several inverse Gaussian populations

a b s t r a c t In this research, we propose simultaneous confidence intervals for all pairwise comparisons of means from inverse Gaussian distribution. Our method is based on fiducial generalized pivotal quantities for vector parameters. We prove that the constructed confidence intervals have asymptotically correct coverage probabilities. Simulation results show that the simulated Type-I errors are close to the nominal level even for small samples. The proposed approach is illustrated by an example.
Multidisciplinary Approach to Treatment of Soft Tissue Sarcomas Requiring Complex Oncologic Resections.

Background To review the experience and outcome of utilizing a multidisciplinary team, including vascular surgery and orthopedic surgery, in the operative treatment of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) at an academic, tertiary care hospital. Methods A retrospective review was performed of all patients who underwent elective STS resection between July 1, 2012 and January 31, 2015, since the addition of a specialized cancer treatment center and a dedicated oncologic division of orthopedic surgery. Surgical cases performed in conjunction with both orthopedic and vascular surgery were reviewed. Results Sixty-three patients underwent 66 surgical resections for STS during the study period. There were no perioperative deaths. Fifty-two lower-extremity resections (78.8%), 6 upper-extremity resections (9.1%), and 8 pelvic resections (12.1%) were performed. Sixteen cases required a vascular intervention (24.2%). These interventions included bypass in 2 patients (12.5%), primary repair of a named vessel in 4 patients (25%), and ligation of a named vessel in 10 patients (62.5%). Three patients had local recurrence of their tumor (4.5%), requiring further resection during the follow-up period. Seven patients required a primary amputation (10.6%). The average size of the tumor removed was 1,776 mL, ranging from 5 mL to 36,300 mL. Conclusions The quality of surgical resection is paramount in optimal treatment of STS; however, wide resection of STS can result in prolonged operative times, significant blood loss, vascular complications, and functional deficits. A multidisciplinary surgical team including orthopedic and vascular teams may improve the treatment by optimizing complex resections that may require involved vascular control or reconstruction.
Activated lck tyrosine protein kinase stimulates antigen-independent interleukin-2 production in T cells.

Abstract p56lck, a member of the src family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, is expressed predominantly in T cells where it associates with the T-cell surface molecules CD4 and CD8. Mutants of CD4 and CD8 that have lost the ability to associate with p56lck no longer enhance antigen-induced T-cell activation. This suggests that p56lck plays an important role during T-cell activation. In an effort to understand the function of p56lck in T cells, a constitutively activated lck gene (F505lck) was introduced into T-helper hybridoma cell lines by retroviral infection. In four T-cell lines we examined, the activated lck protein stimulated interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, a hallmark of T-cell activation, in the absence of antigenic stimulation. In addition, a marked increase in antigen-independent IL-2 production was apparent when T cells infected with a temperature-sensitive F505lck were shifted to the permissive temperature. Only one cell line expressing F505lck exhibited increased sensitivity to antigenic stimulation. The SH3 domain of p56lck was dispensable for the induction of antigen-independent IL-2 production. In contrast, deletion of the majority of the SH2 domain of p56F505lck reduced its ability to induce spontaneous IL-2 production markedly. Activated p60c-src also induced antigen-independent IL-2 production, whereas two other tyrosine kinases, v-abl and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor, did not. Tyrosine phosphorylation of a 70-kDa cellular protein was observed after cross-linking of CD4 in T cells expressing F505lck but not in cells expressing F527src.
Effects of testing on learning of functions

Is learning of a complex functional relationship enhanced by trying to predict what output will go with a given input, as compared to studying an input–output pair? We examined learning of a bilinear function and transfer to new items outside the trained range. Subjects either saw the input–output pairs (study-only condition) or attempted to guess the output and then saw the pair (test/study condition). The total study times were equated, and motivation was enhanced with a monetary bonus. Performance was markedly better for the test/study condition, both within the trained range and in the transfer test. This benefit of testing during training was observed on a criterial test administered shortly after training. Testing has long been shown to enhance the explicit learning and retention of verbal material; our present findings reveal a novel domain for which testing can also be advantageous—that is, function learning.
INFLUENCE OF THE LARVAL HOST PLANT ON REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES OF CERAMBYCID BEETLES

▪ Abstract This investigation into the natural history and behavior of 81 species of cerambycid beetles suggests that reproductive behavior is correlated with the condition of the larval host: Adults of species whose larvae attack living trees tend to show behavioral differences from those that attack dying or dead hosts. Behavioral differences among species that are associated with larval host condition include: (a) choice of adult food source and whether adults feed at all; (b) mechanisms of mate location and the role of long-range pheromones; (c) vagility and dispersal behaviors of adults; (d) location of the mating site; and (e) duration of copulation.
A framework for promoting scholarship productivity in occupational therapy curricula.

This paper describes a curricular model to support the production of quality research and development of occupational therapy professional students, pre- pared to become leaders in the production and utilization of evidence for practice. This model is designed for programs with faculty challenged by the dual mandate of program excellence and expectations for scholarly productivity needed for tenure and promo- tion: typically programs at research universities. The essence of the model is the par- alleling of research and competencies for clinical practice where faculty and students participate as a community of scholars. It is based on the literature that addresses the tensions between achieving excellence in research and scholarly productivity, and ex- cellence in teaching. The experience of one university with this model over a five-year period of time is shared with the student-faculty productivity outcomes. These outcomes include dissemination of 55 collaborative peer reviewed products and faculty has gener- ated support for 25 paid graduate assistantships. The combination of student outcomes and faculty support for their research has strengthened the ability of the faculty to excel in meeting the University mandate of scholarship while providing a high quality profes- sional educational program.