cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Critical path reduction for scalar programs

Scalar performance on processors with instruction level parallelism (ILP) is often limited by control and data dependences. This paper describes a family of compiler techniques, called critical path reduction (CPR) techniques, which reduce the length of critical paths through control and data dependences. Control CPR reduces the number of branches on the critical path and improves the performance of branch intensive codes on processors with inadequate branch throughput or excessive branch latency. Data CPR reduces the number of arithmetic operations on the critical path. Optimization and scheduling are adapted to support CPR.
The Effect of Pure Gossypol on Egg Hatchability and Weight

Abstract THE data of Heywang, Denton, and Bird (1949) show that the hatchability of eggs was not lowered when laying pullets were fed diets containing enough cottonseed meal to supply .012 percent free gossypol, but that hatchability was lowered appreciably when the diets contained enough cottonseed meal to supply .024 or .036 percent free gossypol. However, it was not possible to state definitely that only the gossypol in the cottonseed meal was responsible for the lowered hatchability because Boatner and co-workers (1948) reported that the growth of young chickens was only slightly retarded when pure gossypol was included in their diet. If components of cottonseed meal other than gossypol were chiefly responsible for cottonseed meal retarding the growth of young chickens, it seemed probable that they would also have an adverse effect on hatchability. Accordingly, the following statement was made in the summary of the published paper on our hatchability experiment: . . .
Interpreting Heterogeneity in Response of Cells Expressing a Fluorescent Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor

Fluorescent, genetically encoded sensors of hydrogen peroxide have enabled visualization of perturbations to the intracellular level of this signaling molecule with subcellular and temporal resolution. Ratiometric sensors hold the additional promise of meaningful quantification of intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels as a function of time, a longstanding goal in the field of redox signaling. To date, studies that have connected the magnitudes of observed ratios with peroxide concentrations have either examined suspensions of cells or small numbers of adherent cells (∼10). In this work, we examined the response of all cells in several microscopic fields of view to an identical perturbation and observed a striking degree of heterogeneity of fluorescence ratios from individual cells. The expression level of the probe and phase within the cell cycle were each examined as potential contributors to the observed heterogeneity. Higher ratiometric responses correlated with greater expression levels of the probe and phase in the cell cycle were also shown to influence the magnitude of response. To aid in the interpretation of experimental observations, we incorporated the reaction of the reduced probe with peroxide and the reactions of the oxidized probe with glutathione and glutaredoxin into a larger kinetic model of peroxide metabolism. The predictions of the kinetic model suggest possible explanations for the experimental observations. This work highlights the importance of a systems-level approach to understanding the output of genetically encoded sensors that function via redox reactions involving thiol and disulfide groups.
Responses of Spinothalamic Lamina I Neurons to Maintained Noxious Mechanical Stimulation in the Cat

Noxious mechanical stimuli that are maintained for minutes produce a continuous sensation of pain in humans that augments during the stimulus. It has recently been shown with systematic force-contr...
Securities Transaction Tax Reduction and Stock-Futures Arbitrage in India

UK Sinha, Chairman of the Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) announced in November, 2011 that SEBI had engaged the Ministry of Finance in a discussion hopefully leading to a reduction of India's Securities Transaction Tax (STT) discussion that would hopefully produce benefits to India's capital markets (CNBC, 2011). The matter of reducing or eliminating the STT is presently under study by the Ministry of Finance and will come before the Indian Parliament in February 2012. Removal of this tax has been a long-term objective of brokers, stock exchanges and investors who compare the exceptionally high total transaction cost of fees and taxes in India with lower total costs in other countries. In this study both intraday and inter-day data on a representative selection of single stocks and their associated futures contracts is used to explore the effects of reduction or elimination of the STT when single stocks are arbitraged against their related futures contracts. For this purpose data was chosen spanning selected days in June through December 2011 for eight liquid single stocks. Since the profit from a potential arbitrage can be calculated in advance of entering a trade, the number of profitable single stock arbitrage trades available on a specific day can be calculated after accounting for STT cost ranging from zero to 100% of its current statutory level. The result of this careful analysis suggests a decrease in the STT of at least 75% is necessary to achieve meaningfully increased levels of arbitrage normally found in most successful global futures markets. Such a decrease in the STT is also likely to result in the maximum transaction revenue collected by the government.
FREEDOM OF SPEECH BIBLIOGRAPHY: JANUARY 1968—JUNE 1969

(1969). FREEDOM OF SPEECH BIBLIOGRAPHY: JANUARY 1968—JUNE 1969. Speech Association of America: Committee on Freedom of Speech - Yearbook: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 62-77.
A Northwestern Record of the Hog-Nosed Skunk, Conepatus mesoleucus

The hog-nosed skunk, Conepatus mesoleucus , is known to occur in the southeastern quarter of Arizona, with the previously reported northwesternmost record being Fort Whipple, Yavapai County. On February 2, 1956, an immature male hog-nosed skunk was …
MO-F-201-03: Panel Member

The goal of this session is to provide guidance to medical physicists undergoing the American Board of Radiology certification process in therapeutic medical physics. This panel discussion will focus on parts 2 (computer-based) and 3 (oral) of the examination. Unlike the latter portions of the exam which are specialty-driven, part 1 is universal for all medical physics fields and will not be addressed. This session is structured into different topics that aim to guide the participants on how to successfully prepare for the board exams. The subjects of discussion will include timing and strategies for exam preparation, crucial differences in preparing for the clinical computer-based exam versus the oral exam, what study tools are currently available for each, etc. The panel discussion format will allow the speakers to collectively present their experience and advice relating to each topic and foment audience participation. Learning Objectives: 1.Know the main differences between what is expected for parts 2 and 3 2.Know different resources for test preparation 3.Know how to formulate a plan to best study for each part based on the specific skill set the two parts require 4.Know how to best present his/her answers during the oral examination – demeanor, answer structure, etc.
Active learning in neuroscience: a manipulative to simulate visual field defects

prevalent in 20–57% of stroke patients, visual field defects have been shown to impact quality of life. Studies ([8][1]) have shown increased risk of falling, ambulatory difficulties, impaired reading ability, and feelings of panic in crowded or unfamiliar places in patients with visual field
Low cost millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuits using direct ion implanted GaAs MESFETs

Ka-band monolithic low noise amplifiers using low cost direct ion implanted GaAs MESFETs with 0.25 micron "T"-gates have been developed for use at 27 to 34 GHz. The five stage MMIC amplifier is designed based on 50% I/sub dss/ self-biasing using a single power supply. These amplifiers achieved 2 to 3 dB noise figure with 30 dB associated gain at 33 GHz. These results rival the best GaAs p-HEMT MMIC results to date.
Interrelationships among neuroimaging biomarkers, neuropsychological test data, and symptom reporting in a cohort of retired national football league (nfl) players

Objective To assess interrelationships among neuroimaging findings with neurocognitive test performance and symptom endorsement in a cohort of retired professional (NFL) football players. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Neurology clinic. Participants Forty-five retired NFL players. Intervention MRI scan assessment of cavum septum pellucidi, global mean score of Fractional Anisotropy (FA), and microhemorrhages. Outcome measures Nine neuropsychological tests and multiple symptom and depression scores. Associations among the three independent neuroimaging results with these outcome measures were assessed utilising Pearson’s, Spearman’s Rank, and Point-Biserial Correlations. Results The retirees reported an average of 6.9 (±6.2) concussions and 13.0 (±7.9) sport-related “dings” in the NFL. Assessment of cavum septum pellucidum yielded a negative finding in 10 subjects (22%), while 32 (71%) had a small, and 3 (7%) had a large one. Four (9%) of the subjects had microhemorrhages present and average FA mean was 0.459 (±0.035). Number of sport-related “dings” was correlated with an increased risk of microhemorrhages (r=0.305, p=0.042). The majority (50.8%) of the correlations obtained among the three neuroimaging parameters and the neurocognitive/symptom scores were below the threshold of a “small” effect size (r Conclusions The current results demonstrate minimal and statistically non-significant correlations among neuroimaging, neurocognitive, and symptom scores examined in a cohort of NFL retirees. While an often-accepted paradigm, certain neuroimaging findings may not relate consistently and directly with neurocognitive test performance and clinical symptom burden. Competing interests None. GS Solomon receives consulting fees from the Tennessee Titans (NFL), the Nashville Predators (NHL), and the athletic departments of several universities; all fees paid to institution. In addition he is a member of the ImPACT Scientific Advisory Board and receives reimbursement for expenses to board meetings AK Sills is a consulting physician to the Nashville Predators (uncompensated) and also serves as an unaffiliated neurotrauma consultant for the NFL Examinations of the NFL retirees were sponsored by the National Football League (NFL) and coordinated with the NFL Players Association (NFLPA). IR Casson served as a member of the NFL MTBI Committee from 1994-2009 and as a co-chair from 2007-2009. He has done consulting for law firms and insurance companies.
Syntactic Categorization in Sign Languages

Human language can be signed or spoken. Thus, we should only consider as fundamental those properties of language that hold in both of these equipotential modalities. Modality-specific properties of either sign or speech must instead be attributed to the interaction of the linguistic system with the systems of production and perception. This chapter explores both the modality-independent and the modality-dependent properties of syntactic categorization in sign languages. Categorization of linguistic expressions and the use of categorical properties to determine syntactic distribution and guide syntactic structure building appear to be modality-independent properties of language, as are the broad categorical divisions attested (e.g., lexical vs. functional, noun vs. verb). When the examination turns to fine-grained categorical or sub-categorical distinctions and the actual morpho-syntactic patterns that distinguish these categories within a given language or class of languages, however, certain patterns of modality-dependence do emerge, such as the sign language preference for simultaneous (vs. sequential) structure. Nevertheless, as in other areas of language study, the patterns attested in syntactic categorization in sign languages overlap significantly with those documented in spoken languages. This provides further support for the proposal that the properties of human language are not primarily driven by the modality of transmission but are only secondarily beholden to it.
Analysis of c-Fos induction in response to social interaction in male and female Fisher 344 rats

Sex differences in the expression of social behavior are typically apparent in adolescent and adult rats. While the neurobiology underlying juvenile social play behavior has been well characterized, less is known about discrete brain regions involved in adult responsiveness to a same sex peer. Furthermore, whether adult males and females differ in their responsiveness to a social interaction in terms of neuronal activation indexed via immediate early gene (IEG) expression remains to be determined. Thus, the present study was designed to identify key sites relevant to the processing of sensory stimuli (generally) or social stimuli (specifically) after brief exposure to a same-sex social partner by assessing IEG expression. Four-month-old male and female Fisher (F) 344 rats (N = 38; n = 5–8/group) were either left undisturbed in their home cage as controls (HCC), exposed to a testing context alone for 30 min (CXT), or were placed in the context for 20 min and then allowed to socially interact (SI) with a sex-matched conspecific for 10 min. Females demonstrated greater levels of social behavior, relative to males. Analysis of c-Fos induction revealed that females exhibited greater c-Fos expression in the prefrontal cortex, regardless of condition. In many brain regions, induction was similar in the CXT and SI groups. However, in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), females exhibited greater c-Fos induction in response to the social interaction relative to their male counterparts, indicating a sex difference in responsivity to social stimuli. Taken together, these data suggest that the BNST is a sexually dimorphic region in terms of activation in response to social stimuli.
Intake of niacin, folate, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 through young adulthood and cognitive function in midlife: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study

Background: Epidemiologic evidence regarding niacin, folate, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 intake in relation to cognitive function is limited, especially in midlife.Objective: We hypothesize that higher intake of these B vitamins in young adulthood is associated with better cognition later in life.Design: This study comprised a community-based multicenter cohort of black and white men and women aged 18-30 y in 1985-1986 (year 0, i.e., baseline) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study (n = 3136). We examined participants' CARDIA diet history at years 0, 7, and 20 to assess nutrient intake, including dietary and supplemental B vitamins. We measured cognitive function at year 25 (mean ± SD age: 50 ± 4 y) through the use of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) for verbal memory, the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) for psychomotor speed, and a modified Stroop interference test for executive function. Higher RAVLT and DSST scores and a lower Stroop score indicated better cognitive function. We used multivariable-adjusted linear regressions to estimate mean differences in cognitive scores and 95% CIs.Results: Comparing the highest quintile with the lowest (quintile 5 compared with quintile 1), cumulative total intake of niacin was significantly associated with 3.92 more digits on the DSST (95% CI: 2.28, 5.55; P-trend < 0.01) and 1.89 points lower interference score on the Stroop test (95% CI: -3.10, -0.68; P-trend = 0.05). Total folate was associated with 2.56 more digits on the DSST (95% CI: 0.82, 4.31; P-trend = 0.01). We also found that higher intakes of vitamin B-6 (quartile 5 compared with quartile 1: 2.62; 95% CI: 0.97, 4.28; P-trend = 0.02) and vitamin B-12 (quartile 5 compared with quartile 1: 2.08; 95% CI: 0.52, 3.65; P-trend = 0.02) resulted in better psychomotor speed measured by DSST scores.Conclusion: Higher intake of B vitamins throughout young adulthood was associated with better cognitive function in midlife.
Reliability for IoT and automotive markets

The semiconductor industry is strategically focusing on automotive and industrial markets. Significant investment is targeted to address these markets. The automotive industry in particular is already in focus for last several years. At the same time, with its seemingly endless possibilities in the “internet of things” (IOT) world, industrial markets are gaining attention as building automation, factory automation, and grid infrastructure rapidly advance.
Pervasive electronic nematicity in a cuprate superconductor

Abstract We describe an extensive experimental study of La2-xSrxCuO4 films synthesized by molecular beam epitaxy and investigated by angle-resolved measurements of transverse resistivity (without applied magnetic field). The data show that an unusual metallic state, in which the rotational symmetry of the electron fluid is spontaneously broken, occurs in a large temperature and doping region. The superconducting state always emerges out of this nematic metal state.
Inferring image templates from classification decisions

Assuming human image classification decisions are based on estimating the degree of match between a small number of stored internal templates and certain regions of the input images, we present an algorithm which infers observers classification templates from their classification decisions on a set of test images. The problem is formulated as learning prototypes from labeled data under an adjustable, prototype-specific elliptical metric. The matrix of the elliptical metric indicates the pixels that the template responds to. The model was applied to human psychophysical data collected in a simple image classification experiment.
The Palm-Up Puzzle: Meanings and Origins of a Widespread Form in Gesture and Sign

During communication, speakers commonly rotate their forearms so that their palms turn upward. Yet despite more than a century of observations of such palm-up gestures, their meanings and origins have proven difficult to pin down. We distinguish two gestures within the palm-up form family: the palm-up presentational and the palm-up epistemic. The latter is a term we introduce to refer to a variant of the palm-up that prototypically involves lateral separation of the hands. This gesture—our focus—is used in speaking communities around the world to express a recurring set of epistemic meanings, several of which seem quite distinct. More striking, a similar palm-up form is used to express the same set of meanings in many established sign languages and in emerging sign systems. Such observations present a two-part puzzle: the first part is how this set of seemingly distinct meanings for the palm-up epistemic are related, if indeed they are; the second is why the palm-up form is so widely used to express just this set of meanings. We propose a network connecting the different attested meanings of the palm-up epistemic, with a kernel meaning of absence of knowledge, and discuss how this proposal could be evaluated through additional developmental, corpus-based, and experimental research. We then assess two contrasting accounts of the connection between the palm-up form and this proposed meaning network, and consider implications for our understanding of the palm-up form family more generally. By addressing the palm-up puzzle, we aim, not only to illuminate a widespread form found in gesture and sign, but also to provide insights into fundamental questions about visual-bodily communication: where communicative forms come from, how they take on new meanings, and how they become integrated into language in signing communities.
Can we perceive mental states

In this paper, I defend Non-Inferentialism about mental states, the view that we can perceive some mental states in a direct, non-inferential way. First, I discuss how the question of mental state perception is to be understood in light of recent debates in the philosophy of perception, and reconstruct Non-Inferentialism in a way that makes the question at hand—whether we can perceive mental states or not—scientifically tractable. Next, I motivate Non-Inferentialism by showing that under the assumption of the widely-accepted Principle of Cognitive Economy, any account that treats mental state perception as an inferential process commits itself to an unrealistically inefficient picture of our cognitive architecture. Drawing on research in cognitive science, I will then show that my Non-Inferentialist view receives direct support by the available empirical evidence. I conclude that there is no psychologically relevant sense in which perception of mental states differs from paradigmatic cases of perception, such as the perception of ordinary objects.
Violence and Extremism: Sources of Sectarian Violence in Baghdad

This Chapter integrates multiple empirical explanations about the causes of sectarian and ethnic conflict and settles on constructivism as the “middle-ground” theoretical framework for introducing the nature of religious and tribal identity in Iraq. This Chapter explores several deeply rooted causes of sectarian conflict in Iraq including the nature of religious and tribal identity and the Sunni–Shi’a fracture to which many attribute sectarian violence. However, the Chapter concludes by pointing toward more proximate causes of violent conflict in Iraq: the cultural context of the modern Iraqi state, influential roles played by religious and political figures, and the structural, political, and economic sources of internal conflict present in Iraq prior to the US invasion.
A summary and analysis of NASA's strategic astrophysics technology PCOS/COR investments since program inception

The NASA Strategic Astrophysics Technology (SAT) Program was established in 2009 as a new technology maturation program to fill the gap in the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) range from 3 to 6. Since the inception of the program, 47 tasks have been awarded under the auspices of the NASA Physics of the Cosmos (PCOS) Program in the areas of optics and detectors as well as lasers, electronics, and micro-thruster subsystems. In addition, 31 tasks have been awarded under the auspices of the NASA Cosmic Origins (COR) Program to develop optics, coatings, cooling subsystems, and detectors from the Far-IR to the Far-UV. We present the PCOS/COR portfolio distribution in terms of specific technology areas addressed and show an analysis of the rate and cost of TRL advancements. We present highlights of the infusion success stories that have emerged from the SAT maturation program as it relates to enabling future NASA astrophysics strategic missions. Finally, we present an outlook for future technology priorities for investment by the SAT Program.
Polanyi vs Hayek

Karl Polanyi and Friedrich Hayek are often portrayed as implacable intellectual opponents but their respective historical trajectories suggest some telling similarities. Here we describe some key s...
When Is a Latin Square Based on a Group

A question that presents itself to us is, given a Latin square, is it isotopic to the Cayley table of a group? Several approaches have been proposed for answering this question, dating back to the 1800s. Some of the answers that we will present will be based on configurations in the given square or given bordered square, the quadrangle criterion for Cayley tables of quasigroups in general and its variants for loops, and the Thomsen condition characterizing Latin squares based on abelian groups. We will present the rectangle rule, a criterion for the normal multiplication table of a loop to be based on a group; and we will present approaches that are based on permuting rows and/or columns of the given square, or that treat rows and/or columns of the given square as permutations. Our emphasis will be on particular properties of Latin squares that characterize Latin squares based on groups. We will not emphasize algorithmic solutions, or algebraic properties of loops or quasigroups that characterize loops and quasigroups that are isotopic to groups.
Structural and biochemical studies define Nudt12 as a new class of RNA deNADding enzyme in mammalian cells

ABSTRACT We recently demonstrated mammalian cells harbor NAD-capped mRNAs that are hydrolyzed by the DXO deNADding enzyme. Here we report the Nudix protein Nudt12 is a second mammalian deNADding enzyme structurally and mechanistically distinct from DXO and targets different RNAs. Crystal structure of mouse Nudt12 in complex with the deNADding product AMP and three Mg2+ ions at 1.6 A resolution provides exquisite insights into the molecular basis of the deNADding activity within the NAD pyrophosphate. Disruption of the Nudt12 gene stabilizes transfected NAD-capped RNA in cells and its endogenous NAD-capped mRNA targets are enriched in those encoding proteins involved in cellular energetics. Furthermore, exposure of cells to metabolic stress manifests changes in NAD-capped RNA levels indicating an association between NAD-capped RNAs and cellular metabolism. Lastly, we show that the bacterial RppH protein also possesses deNADding activity toward NAD-capped RNA but not free NAD, revealing a third class of deNADding enzymes.
Uncovering the influence of metallic and non-metallic impurities on the ideal shear strength and ductility of Ti: An ab-initio study

Abstract The mechanical properties of Ti alloys are significantly affected by the introduction of solute or impurity elements. Thus, the role of impurities on the hardening or softening behavior of α-Ti was investigated through first principles calculations. In particularly, to provide a comprehensive electronic and atomic basis of solute addition in α-Ti, the effect of metallic (V and Al) and non-metallic (C and O) impurities on the ideal shear strength (ISS) and generalized stacking fault energy (GSFE) across different slip systems of Ti were probed. The results revealed that the addition of V atom reduces both ISS and unstable stacking fault energy across various slip systems of α-Ti, whereas Al addition increases the ISS of Ti. Further, the addition of O atom decreases ISS for most of the slip systems while C solute atom increases ISS across all slip systems of α-Ti. To illustrate the underlying factors influencing the observed softening/strengthening behavior, the electronic density of states and valence charge transfer were determined. The electronic density of states calculations showed that the contribution from the d states of V atom decreases the stability of Ti-V solid solution, thereby leading to a decrease in the plastic anisotropy of α-Ti. Finally, the shearability parameter and critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) ratios across different slip systems of Ti solid solutions were calculated to understand the macroscopic effects of impurity addition on the deformation behavior of α-Ti at ambient conditions. Overall, the first-principles study provides an insight into the electronic basis of strengthening/softening effect of solute addition in α-Ti and assesses their implications on the deformation behavior of α-Ti alloys.
(E)-N-(3,4-Di­methyl­phen­yl)-1-[5-(phenyl­ethyn­yl)thio­phen-2-yl]methanimine

The title compound, C21H17NS, was synthesized via the reaction of 5-(2-phenyl­eth-1-yn­yl)thio­phene-2-carbaldehyde and 3,4-di­methyl­aniline using ammonium bifluoride (NH4HF2) as an acid catalyst in methanol. The mol­ecule has three aryl rings: a phenyl (A), a thio­phene (B), and a di­methyl­benzene ring (C). The dihedral angles between the mean planes defined by these individual rings are 14.88 (6)° for A/B and 43.93 (4)° for B/C.
TOMOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF QUANTIZED FIELDS

One of the disconcerting things about the breadth of Feza Gursey’s knowledge of physics is his skill in recognizing some apparently “new” idea as a restatement or reworking of concepts that are well known, at least to him. And so it was about ten years ago when I showed him some work I was doing using the representation to be described in this paper. At that time the application was in connection with the behavior of the S matrix in the infinite momentum frame (a topic more in vogue then than now). He immediately spotted my procedure as the Radon transformation.
Antisubordination, Rights, and Radicalism

Twenty years ago, Charles Lawrence proposed that racism can be unconscious. In doing so, he forced an acknowledgement of racism as a sticky and pervasive problem, one inherent in our very culture. The same may be said of many forms of prejudice. Is there anything to be done about this, and more specifically, is there anything to be done in law? In this piece, I argue that in order to motivate the radical cultural changes that recognizing and ending prejudice would require, a project of antisubordination through law must include the protection of rights. Rights, I argue, are what empower those whom Martin Luther King, Jr. called the maladjusted to change those around them.
Daratumumab in high-risk relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients: adverse effect of chromosome 1q21 gain/amplification and GEP70 status on outcome.

Gain of chromosome 1q21 and the gene expression-based GEP70 risk score are established prognostic markers for newly diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (MM) patients. Here we addressed the prognostic impact of these two markers in 81 relapsed/refractory (RR) MM patients treated with the CD38-antibody daratumumab. Fluorescence in situ hybridization for 1q21 was performed at initial presentation, while the GEP70 score was determined at initial presentation and prior to daratumumab treatment. While the GEP70 at initial presentation showed a trend for inferior survival, the GEP70 collected prior to daratumumab treatment was significantly associated with poor outcome (P < 0·05). The worst outcome was seen for patients who were positive for gain(1q) and classified as GEP70 high risk prior to daratumumab [progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of 0·3 years (95% CI: 0·15-1·4 years) and 0·8 years (95% CI: 0·5-1·9 years) respectively], while the median PFS and OS were not reached by patients without gain(1q) and GEP70 low-risk status. In conclusion, gain(1q) and the GEP70 are powerful prognostic markers for RR MM patients treated with daratumumab, and patients classified as high risk according to these markers experience shorter treatment response.
Corrigendum: Improving Patch-Based Convolutional Neural Networks for MRI Brain Tumor Segmentation by Leveraging Location Information.

The manual brain tumor annotation process is time consuming and resource consuming, therefore, an automated and accurate brain tumor segmentation tool is greatly in demand. In this paper, we introduce a novel method to integrate location information with the state-of-the-art patch-based neural networks for brain tumor segmentation. This is motivated by the observation that lesions are not uniformly distributed across different brain parcellation regions and that a locality-sensitive segmentation is likely to obtain better segmentation accuracy. Toward this, we use an existing brain parcellation atlas in the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space and map this atlas to the individual subject data. This mapped atlas in the subject data space is integrated with structural Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging data, and patch-based neural networks, including 3D U-Net and DeepMedic, are trained to classify the different brain lesions. Multiple state-of-the-art neural networks are trained and integrated with XGBoost fusion in the proposed two-level ensemble method. The first level reduces the uncertainty of the same type of models with different seed initializations, and the second level leverages the advantages of different types of neural network models. The proposed location information fusion method improves the segmentation performance of state-of-the-art networks including 3D U-Net and DeepMedic. Our proposed ensemble also achieves better segmentation performance compared to the state-of-the-art networks in BraTS 2017 and rivals state-of-the-art networks in BraTS 2018. Detailed results are provided on the public multimodal brain tumor segmentation (BraTS) benchmarks.
Building Resilience and Fostering Prevention

Sex trafficking of persons under 18, also known as commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC), is a human rights violation and form of child abuse. Evidence suggests that traffickers prey on at-risk/vulnerable youth, including those who have experienced poverty, homelessness, sexual abuse, and substance abuse. Health-care professionals play a critical role in early identification and intervention of children and adolescents who are at risk of or who have experienced CSEC. Pediatricians interact with children and adolescents daily, including those who may be at risk of exploitation, while obstetricians and gynecologists may first interact with at-risk adolescents when they become pregnant or present for sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening. Each of these interactions provides an opportunity to screen and educate adolescents and to identify patients who may have been affected by CSEC. Adolescents value a connection with a trusted adult. When an adult accepts them for who they are, listens, supports, empowers their future goals, and encourages their successes and dreams, adolescents can thrive. While human trafficking is a major public health problem and prevention requires an interdisciplinary approach, the objectives of this chapter are to explore awareness specifically of sex trafficking and its intersection with the health-care industry, to highlight screening tools, and to outline opportunities to build resilience among adolescents who are at risk or who have been victimized.
The Problem of Bulling Among Pediatric Orthopaedic Patients

Background/Purpose: Bullying is a destructive and pervasive phenomenon, having lasting physical and emotional consequences. It affects all ages, but is particularly poignant in middle and high school youths. Although the literature suggests that children with chronic health conditions are at higher risk of being bullied, there is minimal research regarding how children with visible orthopaedic conditions are affected. Our study aimed to assess the prevalence of bullying among patients seen in pediatric orthopaedic clinics, and to evaluate how orthopaedic conditions and use of orthopaedic assistive devices/equipment …
Dermatologic Research Potential of the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) Network.

Background The Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) network enables access to billions of deidentified, standardized health records and built-in analytics software for observational health research, with numerous potential applications to dermatology. While the use of the OHDSI has increased steadily over the past several years, review of the literature reveals few studies utilizing OHDSI in dermatology. To our knowledge, the University of Colorado School of Medicine is unique in its use of OHDSI for dermatology big data research. Summary A PubMed search was conducted in August 2020, followed by a literature review, with 24 of the 72 screened articles selected for inclusion. In this review, we discuss the ways OHDSI has been used to compile and analyze data, improve prediction and estimation capabilities, and inform treatment guidelines across specialties. We also discuss the potential for OHDSI in dermatology - specifically, ways that it could reveal adherence to available guidelines, establish standardized protocols, and ensure health equity. Key Messages: OHDSI has demonstrated broad utility in medicine. Adoption of OHDSI by the field of dermatology would facilitate big data research, allow for examination of current prescribing and treatment patterns without clear best practice guidelines, improve the dermatologic knowledge base and, by extension, improve patient outcomes.
Emulation and Consumer Debt: Implications of Keeping-Up with the Joneses

We develop a stock-flow consistent neo-Kaleckian macro model which incorporates consumption emulation and consumer debt accumulation. Income distributional dimension is also incorporated via the conflict-claims approach of inflation. Using this model, we investigate the macroeconomic effects of lower income group's consumption emulation of higher income group through borrowing. We find that emulation could expand aggregate demand and hence generate a faster economic growth. Our results also indicate that consumption emulation could be a source of widening income inequality.
Fabrication of silicon nanowire on freestanding multiwalled carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition

Abstract The multi-walled carbon nanotube-silicon nanowire (MWNT/SiNW) hybrids are important materials to meet the requirements of energy storage devices. We fabricated novel freestanding MWNT/SiNW hybrids by growing SiNWs directly on MWNT network via chemical vapor deposition. Gold (Au) was employed as catalyst and the influence of catalyst on the morphology of hybrids was investigated. The results indicated that tuning the thickness of Au layer could serve as a means to control the structure of MWNT/SiNW hybrids. The formation of SiNWs on the surface of MWNTs mainly depended on Au nanoparticles migrating into larger eutectic Au–Si alloy, and the abundant Si depositing on MWNTs improved the connections among MWNTs and SiNWs mechanically and electrically.
Post-Earthquake Fire Performance of Buildings: Summary of a Large-Scale Experiment and Conceptual Framework for Integrated Performance-Based Seismic and Fire Design

A full-scale, five-story reinforced concrete building test specimen was erected on the large outdoor high performance shake table at the University of California, San Diego, and outfitted with various nonstructural components and systems. The specimen was subjected to a series of thirteen earthquake motions: seven with base-isolation and six with fixed-base (FB), with peak accelerations up to 0.8 g and peak inter-story drift ratios of up to about 6% reached during the largest FB motion. Damage to the structure following the largest motion included densely concentrated cracking in the slabs around columns resulting in punching shear failure, concrete spalling at the base of columns and the ends of beams where the large rotations occurred, as well as fractured and yielded longitudinal rebar in the Floor 2 and Floor 3 frame beams. Nonstructural component and system damage included loss of stair connections at Floors 3 and 4 due to weld fractures, loss of elevator function due to damaged doors on Floors 2 and 3, widespread damage to gypsum wallboard and joints, with about a 900% increase in effective leakage area measured in one compartment, varying degrees of damage to ceiling system based on type, including loss of 20% of ceiling tiles on the Floor 1, extensive damage to the balloon-framed facade system which enclosed Floors 1, 2 and 3, and displacement of unanchored contents. Following the motion tests, designated areas on Floor 3 were subjected to fires ranging in size from 500 kW to 2000 kW. Many fire protection systems, such as the sprinkler system and most firestop systems performed well. However, loss of compartmentation due to ground motions provided means for smoke spread, and loss of the stairs and the elevator rendered the means of egress unusable. Post experiment analysis illustrates how such damage could impact occupant life safety and emergency response during fires in earthquake-damaged buildings, and how the understanding of expected earthquake damage could be integrated into a risk-informed performance-based approach to building fire safety design in earthquake prone areas.
Potential dependence of capacitance at a liquid/liquid interface: Part II. Unblocked interface

Abstract Impedance behavior of an unblocked nitrobenzene/water interface has been studied as a function of applied dc potential and concentration of reversible ions. The base electrolyte was chosen to give a potential range in which all ions but one were blocked. Interfacial impedances calculated using Gouy—Chapman and ac voltammetric theory agree well with observed impedances over the potential range, in which the single reversible ion transfer dominates impedance behavior. Current maxima of ac polarograms constructed from 1 Hz impedance data are in agreement with theoretical values. Calculated pzc double layer capacitances for several base electrolyte (blocked) systems are in reasonable agreement with Gouy—Chapman theory values. Base electrolyte current flow, at potentials far from equilibrium, is accompanied by decreased interfacial capacitance. The effect correlates with interfacial film formation.
Student Satisfaction with Blended and Online Courses Based on Personality Type / Niveau de satisfaction des étudiants dans les cours hybrides et en ligne basé sur le type de personnalité

The purpose of the study was to investigate differences in perceived student satisfaction in blended and online learning environments based on personality type. A total of 72 graduate students enrolled in blended and online courses at two research universities in the United States completed an abbreviated online version of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI®) and an online student satisfaction questionnaire. Overall, results indicate participants were satisfied with courses delivered in both environments. Analyses revealed several significant differences in perceived student satisfaction with certain elements in blended and online courses based on personality type. Cette etude a pour but d'examiner si la satisfaction des etudiants a l’egard d’environnements d'apprentissage hybride et en ligne varie en fonction du type de personnalite. 72 etudiants de cycle superieur inscrits dans des cours hybrides et en ligne de deux universites de recherche americaines ont rempli en ligne une version abregee de l'indicateur de types psychologiques de MyersBriggs (MBTI ®) ainsi qu’un questionnaire mesurant le niveau de satisfaction des etudiants. Dans l'ensemble, les resultats indiquent que les participants etaient satisfaits des cours enseignes dans ces deux environnements. Les analyses ont revele que la satisfaction des etudiants a l’egard de certains elements des cours hybrides et en ligne varie en fonction du type de personnalite.
A histological study of the food canal ofStrongylocentrotus franciscanus

1. The wall of the food canal is composed of an outer epithelium, layers of circular and longitudinal muscles, a layer of connective tissue of varying thickness, and an inner epithelium generally composed of very tall, slender cells. 2. Two kinds of secretory cells are recognized in the pharyngeal and esophageal wall; one produces a mucoid secretion and the other an acid secretion. Numerous echinochrome containing amoebocytes and agranulocytes are distributed in the connective tissue layer and the basal region of the pharyngeal inner epithelium. 3. The stomach is lined with an inner epithelium containing yellowish granules, which are discharged from its surface to provide extracellular enzymes. Large eosinophilic granulocytes, which are assumed to participate in digestion by ingesting particles and absorbing dissolved nutrient substances, are sometimes found to be imbedded within the stomach inner epithelium. The intestine and rectum, however, have never been found to contain any secretory granules nor any amoebocytes in the inner epithelium. Echinochrome-containing amoebocytes, however, are found in all tissues of the food canal. 4. Lipids and glycogen appear to be deposited in the hinder half of the stomach and fore half of the intestine. Starvation for five weeks or more results in a significant decrease of these reserves. 5. Alkaline phosphatase activity is restricted to the free border of the inner epithelium of the stomach, intestine, and rectum. 6. It is concluded that the stomach functions in the digestion of foods, in absorption of the products of digestion, and that the intestine and rectum function as absorptive organs and a conductive tube for the elimination of undigested food materials.
The mixed vertex packing problem

We study a generalization of the vertex packing problem having both binary and bounded continuous variables, called the mixed vertex packing problem (MVPP). The well-known vertex packing model arises as a subproblem or relaxation of many 0-1 integer problems, whereas the mixed vertex packing model arises as a natural counterpart of vertex packing in the context of mixed 0-1 integer programming. We describe strong valid inequalities for the convex hull of solutions to the MVPP and separation algorithms for these inequalities. We give a summary of computational results with a branch-and-cut algorithm for solving the MVPP and using it to solve general mixed-integer problems.
Qu’est ce qui s’écrit de la psychiatrie ? Du « secrétaire de l’aliéné » aux archives de l’asile Sainte-Anne : une approche de la littératie en psychiatrie

L’expression « le secretaire de l’aliene » est couramment comprise a partir de deux reperes principaux. D’un cote, sa condamnation, en 1854, par J.-P. Falret, au nom de la passivite du clinicien; de l’autre, sa promotion par J. Lacan, en 1956, dans son seminaire sur les psychoses a propos de la litteralite du signifiant. Au-dela de cette opposition qui n’epuise pas le debat, cet article propose une approche historique en s’appuyant sur une analyse des observations psychiatriques tenues au sein du service universitaire de l’asile Sainte-Anne de Paris, depuis la fin du XIXe siecle et pendant les 20 premieres annees du XXe siecle. L’enjeu de cet article est de comprendre l’utilite de ces textes, de les replacer dans leur contexte et de determiner de quelle position clinique ils sont redevables.
MANNING FORMULA-A MISNOMER?

No one ever proposed the popular Manning formula in the form commonly used today. At least ten papers, beginning with that of Gauckler in 1867, offered a monomial equation giving V as a function of R 2/3 S 1/2 for certain flow conditions. Manning's paper, 1891, was the fifth, chronologically, in this group of papers. The Frenchman Flamant is primarily responsible for first attributing the formula to Manning and for introducing the resistance coefficient n . H. T. Bovey is known to have been, in 1901, the first to write the equation in the form used today for English units. The expression Manning's n first crept into the literature in 1916 and represented a rather ironic development, as Manning had clearly rejected the use of the coefficient n .
Colossal negative magnetoresistance in a two-dimensional electron gas

We report on a colossal negative magnetoresistance (MR) in a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well which, at low temperatures, is manifested by a drop of the resistivity by more than an order of magnitude at a magnetic field $B\ensuremath{\approx}1$ kG. In contrast to MR effects discussed earlier, the MR reported here is not parabolic, even at small $B$, and persists to much higher in-plane magnetic fields and temperatures. Remarkably, the temperature dependence of the resistivity at $B\ensuremath{\approx}1$ kG is linear over the entire temperature range studied (from 1 to 30 K) and appears to coincide with the high-temperature limit of the zero-field resistivity, hinting on the important role of acoustic phonons.