cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Engaging the Challenges of Alleviating Wife Abuse in Northern Vietnam

In recent years, gender-based violence has become highly visible and recognized by the Vietnamese state and the public more broadly. This article addresses the space that has recently widened, with the Vietnamese state's 1986 đoi mo'i or renovation policies, for local innovation and global influence on approaches to curtailing wife abuse and assisting women abused by their husbands. Anthropology can help us to understand some of the constraints and contradictions that can arise in such a space of innovation. For instance, ethnographic research reveals how local Vietnamese non-governmental organizations (VNGOs), state institutions, and international organizations in Vietnam can cooperate to develop and implement new and potentially beneficial programs for abused women. Yet, at the same time, frontline practitioners struggle to implement these new approaches, with cultural lenses that limit acceptance of new ideologies, few resources that provide long-term support to abused women, or, in some cases, little ...
Ellipsoidal shell structure in free-electron metal clusters

The possibility of ellipsoidal distortions in free-electron metal clusters, analogous to the shape variations among atomic nuclei, is investigated with the use of a modified Nilsson Hamiltonian. In most cases, the predicted equilibrium shape is ellipsoidal rather than spherical, so that the spherical shells are divided into ellipsoidal subshells. A strong correlation is observed between the energy-level sequence of these subshells and the sequence of peaks in alkali-metal cluster mass spectra, indicating that metal clusters generally assume approximately ellipsoidal shapes.
Drug Repurposing for Cancer Therapy.

Clinicians should develop new hypotheses based on observations and interviews with patients, and basic researchers should go back to the bench to test compounds with anticipated anti-growth properties. Let’s not forget that the most popularly used anticancer agent, platinum, was discovered serendipitously when microbiologists were investigating the behavior of bacteria upon changes in voltage and observed growth inhibition due to electrolysis products from a platinum electrode. Hopefully, using all these resources, we will convert cancer into a treatable chronic disease. The current technological armamentarium provides cancer researchers with a unique opportunity to find new targets for old synthetic, abandoned compounds or newly discovered natural products.
Follicular bronchiolitis in surgical lung biopsies: clinical implications in 12 patients.

Summary Background Follicular bronchiolitis is a histopathologic finding that occurs in diverse clinical contexts. The current study was conducted to characterize clinico-radiologic features, and assess outcomes associated with follicular bronchiolitis. Subjects and methods Twelve subjects with follicular bronchiolitis on lung biopsy were seen over a 9-year period, between 1996 and 2005. Medical records, biopsy and radiographic findings, and details of outcome at the time of last follow-up were recorded. Results The study population included 4 men and 8 women; the median age at diagnosis was 54 years (range, 33–81 years). Four patients had underlying systemic diseases that included: 2 with common variable immunodeficiency, 1 Sjogren's syndrome and 1 undifferentiated connective tissue disease. The diagnosis was obtained by surgical lung biopsy in all cases. Follicular bronchiolitis was the major histologic pattern in 9 patients; organizing pneumonia, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia was seen in 1 patient each with follicular bronchiolitis being an associated secondary histopathologic component. Computed tomographic findings included reticular opacities, small nodules and ground-glass opacities. Clinical course was characterized by relative stability with partial response to immunosuppressive agents. During a median follow-up period of 47 months, only one death occurred—out of 9 patients where the outcome information was available—and was unrelated to lung disease. Conclusions The histologic lesion of follicular bronchiolitis may be seen as the predominant finding or a relatively minor feature in interstitial pneumonias. The clinical course and prognosis for most patients with follicular bronchiolitis is relatively good, and progressive lung disease is uncommon.
The Marine Mammal Protection Act: a regulatory approach to identifying and minimizing acoustic-related impacts on marine mammals.

In 1972, the US Congress passed the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA), effectively giving the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) responsibility for conserving and managing all species of cetaceans and pinnipeds (except walrus). The MMPA prohibits, with certain exceptions, the “take” (to harass, hunt, capture, collect, or kill or attempt to do so) of marine mammals in US waters and by US citizens on the high seas. Since 1982, the MMPA has allowed for the incidental taking of marine mammals by US citizens who engage in a specified activity (other than commercial fishing) provided an “incidental take authorization” (ITA) is issued under section 101(a)(5) of the MMPA. The NMFS’s Office of Protected Resources is responsible for issuing these authorizations. Most ITAs cover sound-generating activities, such as naval training (e.g., utilizing sonar or explosives), seismic surveys, or marine construction, because they have the potential to result in marine mammal harassment.
Gated Importation of Prothymocytes by Adult Mouse Thymus Is Coordinated with Their Periodic Mobilization from Bone Marrow

The wavelike pattern of fetal T cell neogenesis is largely determined by the intermittent generation and exportation of waves of prothymocytes by the hemopoietic tissues in coordination with their gated importation by the thymus. Having previously shown that the importation of prothymocytes by the adult mouse thymus is also gated and that thymocytopoiesis proceeds in discrete (albeit overlapping) waves, we now demonstrate that prothymocytes are periodically exported in saturating numbers from the adult mouse bone marrow. Experiments in normal, radioablated, and parabiotic mice document the cyclical accumulation (3-5 wk) of prothymocytes in both the steady state and regenerating bone marrow, followed by their release into the blood approximately 1 wk before intrathymic gate opening. The results also show that circulating donor-origin thymocyte precursors can transiently ( approximately 1 wk) establish high level chimerism in the bone marrow after the mobilization of endogenous prothymocytes, presumably by occupying vacated microenvironmental niches. Hence, by analogy with the fetal state, we posit the existence of a feedback loop whereby diffusible chemokines of thymic origin regulate the production and/or release of bone marrow prothymocytes during each period of thymic receptivity. Because each resulting wave of thymocytopoiesis is accompanied by a wave of intrathymic dendritic cell formation, these coordinated events may help to optimize thymocyte selection as well as production.
Nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate: four chromosomal regions of interest.

Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCLP), a common birth defect affecting 1/700 live births and 4,000 newborns/year in the United States, is associated with short and long-term morbidity. As such, it has significant impact on the health care system. NSCLP is a complex disorder that results from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors that are slowly being defined. Genomic scans have suggested a number of regions that may contain NSCLP loci. In this study, we have evaluated regions identified by a previously published genomic scan of affected sib-pairs and have found evidence of association in sixty-five multiplex families for eight chromosomal regions. Four of these regions, 2q37, 11p12-14, 12q13, and 16p13, have also been identified in second genomic scan of multiplex families from China. One region, defined by D11S1392, gave evidence suggesting the presence of an NSCLP locus in all three studies. Altogether, these results suggest chromosomal regions that should be targeted in order to identify NSCLP loci. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Closed-Coupled Formation Flight Control Using Quasi-Continuous High-Order Sliding-Mode

An autopilot design for autonomous closed-coupled formation flight of aircrafts is considered and addressed via quasi-continuous high order sliding mode control (HOSM.) The proposed HOSM-formation flight autopilot provides the trailing aircraft with bounded, continuous output tracking and minimizes effects of vortex uncertainty on the aircraft aerodynamic drag force. The performance of the proposed flight controller is compared with PID control and feedforward neural network-base adaptive control with on-line extremum seeking command. The superior performance of the HOSM controller designed for controlling the longitudinal and lateral dynamics is confirmed via simulations.
Influence of sex hormonal status on alcohol-induced oxidative injury in male and female rat liver.

Background: Oxidative stress contributes to the development of liver injury after chronic alcohol intake. Women exhibit greater sensitivity to alcohol-induced liver disease than do men. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the sex hormone status of male and female rats and the degree of alcohol-induced oxidative stress in the liver. Methods: Male and female rats were pair-fed a liquid diet that contained 36% of their total daily calories as ethanol (EtOH group) or maltose (control group). Blood and liver samples were collected at the end of 8 weeks of diet. Results: Male EtOH rats experienced a reduction in plasma testosterone (T) and an increase in estradiol (E2) levels, with an increase in their calculated E2/T ratio with respect to their controls. Malonaldehyde (MDA) levels, an index of lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl content, an index of protein oxidation, in the liver were greater among the EtOH groups in females than in males. In males, an inverse correlation was found between hepatic MDA and circulating T levels, and a direct correlation was disclosed between MDA and estradiol levels. In addition, the hepatic histopathological score correlated inversely with the plasma T levels and directly with the calculated E2/T ratio, an index of feminization. Conclusions: Alcohol-induced oxidative injury, which contributes to hepatic injury in both male and female rats, is enhanced in females compared with males. A role for plasma T levels in protecting male rat liver from ethanol-induced oxidative injury can be hypothesized.
Feeding Acutely Stimulates Fibrinogen Synthesis in Healthy Young and Elderly Adults

Fibrinogen is a positive acute-phase protein and its hepatic synthesis is enhanced following inflammation and injury. However, it is not clear whether fibrinogen synthesis is also responsive to oral nutrients and whether the response to a meal may be affected by age. Our aim in this study was to investigate the acute effect of oral feeding on fibrinogen synthesis in both young and elderly men and women. Fibrinogen synthesis was determined in 3 separate occasions from the incorporation of l[2H5]phenylalanine (43 mg/kg body weight) in 8 young (21–35 y) and 8 elderly (>60 y) participants following the ingestion of water (control), a complete liquid meal (15% protein, 30% fat, and 55% carbohydrate), or only the protein component of the meal. The ingestion of the complete meal enhanced fibrinogen fractional synthesis rates (FSR) by 17 ± 6% in the young and by 38 ± 10% in the elderly participants compared with the water meal (P < 0.02). A comparable stimulation of FSR occurred with only the protein component of the meal in both young (29 ± 7%) and elderly participants (41 ± 9%) compared with the water meal (P < 0.005). Similar results were obtained when fibrinogen synthesis was expressed as absolute synthesis rates (i.e. mg·kg−1·d−1). The results demonstrate that fibrinogen synthesis is acutely stimulated after ingestion of a meal and that this effect can be reproduced by the protein component of the meal alone, both in young and elderly adults.
Multicast Parametric Synchronous Sampling of 320-Gb/s Return-to-Zero Signal

Technology for simultaneous demultiplexing of subrate tributaries is described and applied to 320-Gb/s return-to-zero input. The parametric architecture is scalable with respect to processed input rate and relies on cascaded all-optical multicasting and subrate sampling. Processing of 320-Gb/s input was achieved by creating eight channel copies, followed by a 20-THz-wide parametric gate. Multicasting was based on a self-seeded two-pump broadband fiber-optic parametric amplifier. The architecture was used to demonstrate error-free parallel demultiplexing of eight 320-Gb/s tributary channels at 40 Gb/s.
Clinical predictors of respiratory failure and long-term outcome in black tar heroin-associated wound botulism.

Study objectives To our knowledge, the predictors of respiratory failure (RF) and long-term mechanical ventilation have not previously been examined in patients with wound botulism associated with black tar heroin use. Design Retrospective case series. Setting A large university hospital. Patients Twenty consecutive patients from 1991 to 1998 with a diagnosis of wound botulism associated with drug use as identified through chart records from a single institution. Results The predominant mode of drug use was subcutaneous (75%). Fifteen of 20 patients (75%) developed RF. The clinical presentation was similar in groups with RF and without RF. Of those patients who received antitoxin within 12 h of presentation, 57% required mechanical ventilation compared to 85% of patients receiving the antitoxin after 12 h. The median durations of mechanical ventilation were 11 days for those who received antitoxin within 12 h, and 54 days for those who did not receive antitoxin within 12 h. The duration of mechanical ventilation for patients receiving antibiotics within 12 h was 35 days vs 54 days for patients receiving antibiotics after 12 h. Early tracheostomy ( Conclusion Early antitoxin administration may decrease the need for and duration of mechanical ventilation among patients with wound botulism. Early tracheostomy may be beneficial for patients with RF.
ATHLETES AS PR SPOKESPEOPLE: THE NFL’S “A CRUCIAL CATCH” PR CAMPAIGN EXPLORED

The results of the present study were presented at the 2015 International Conference on Communication and Management and examined the National Football League’s (NFL) “A Crucial Catch” breast cancer awareness campaign in the United States. Variables included identification with NFL athletes, exposure to the campaign, NFL fanship, and intention to schedule a breast cancer screening (the action promoted by NFL athletes in this PR campaign). Social media outlets and an e-mail listserv of the School of Communication at Rochester Institute of Technology in Rochester, New York, USA were employed to solicit participants ( n=119 ) in a survey. A questionnaire composed of items modified from Brown and Bocarnea’s (2007a) Celebrity-Persona Parasocial Identification Scale to investigate identification with NFL athletes was used. Statistically significant relationships were found between identification with NFL athletes and exposure, identification with NFL athletes and intention to schedule a breast cancer screening, and identification with NFL athletes and NFL fanship. NFL fanship was also significantly related to exposure to the campaign. Implications for future studies analyzing PR campaigns produced by the NFL and FIFA are suggested.
Synaptic depression leads to nonmonotonic frequency dependence in the coincidence detector

In this letter, we extend our previous analytical results (Mikula & Niebur, 2003) for the coincidence detector by taking into account probabilistic frequency-dependent synaptic depression. We present a solution for the steady-state output rate of an ideal coincidence detector receiving an arbitrary number of input spike trains with identical binomial count distributions (which includes Poisson statistics as a special case) and identical arbitrary pairwise cross-correlations, from zero correlation (independent processes) to perfect correlation (identical processes). Synapses vary their efficacy probabilistically according to the observed depression mechanisms. Our results show that synaptic depression, if made sufficiently strong, will result in an inverted U-shaped curve for the output rate of a coincidence detector as a function of input rate. This leads to the counterintuitive prediction that higher presynaptic (input) rates may lead to lower postsynaptic (output) rates where the output rate may fall faster than the inverse of the input rate.
Voltage-gated Na+ channels: Potential for β subunits as therapeutic targets

Background: Voltage gated Na+ channels (VGSCs) contain a pore-forming α subunit and one or more β subunits. VGSCs are involved in a wide variety of pathophysiologies, including epilepsy, cardiac arrhythmia, multiple sclerosis, periodic paralysis, migraine, neuropathic and inflammatory pain, Huntington's disease and cancer. Increasing evidence implicates the β subunits as key players in these disorders. Objective: To review the recent literature describing the multifunctional roles of VGSC β subunits in the context of their role(s) in disease. Methods: An extensive review of the literature on β subunits. Results/conclusion: β subunits are multifunctional. As components of VGSC complexes, β subunits mediate signaling processes regulating electrical excitability, adhesion, migration, pathfinding and transcription. β subunits may prove useful in disease diagnosis and therapy.
Transfer characteristics and low-frequency noise in single- and multi-layer MoS2 field-effect transistors

Leveraging nanoscale field-effect transistors (FETs) in integrated circuits depends heavily on its transfer characteristics and low-frequency noise (LFN) properties. Here, we report the transfer characteristics and LFN in FETs fabricated with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with different layer (L) counts. 4L to 6L devices showed highest ION-IOFF ratio (≈108) whereas LFN was maximum for 1L device with normalized power spectral density (PSD) ≈1.5 × 10−5 Hz−1. For devices with L ≈ 6, PSD was minimum (≈2 × 10−8 Hz−1). Further, LFN for single and few layer devices satisfied carrier number fluctuation (CNF) model in both weak and strong accumulation regimes while thicker devices followed Hooge's mobility fluctuation model in the weak accumulation regime and CNF model in strong accumulation regime, respectively. Transfer-characteristics and LFN experimental data are explained with the help of model incorporating Thomas-Fermi charge screening and inter-layer resistance coupling.
Adaptation of the outer medullary collecting duct to metabolic acidosis in vitro

Metabolic acidosis in vivo, as well as in vitro (1 h at pH 6.8 followed by 2 h at pH 7.4) stimulates H+-ATPase-dependent H+ secretion in outer medullary collecting ducts from the inner stripe (OMCDi) (S. Tsuruoka and G. J. Schwartz. J. Clin. Invest. 99: 1420–1431, 1997). Another group has shown that the adaptation to metabolic acidosis in vivo is mediated by an apical polarization of H+ pumps without an increase in total H+pump mRNA or protein (B. Bastani, H. Purcell, P. Hemken, D. Trigg, and S. Gluck. J. Clin. Invest. 88: 126–136, 1991). To further address the mechanism of adaptation, we measured net HCO 3 − absorption before and after applying protein/RNA synthesis and signal transduction inhibitors during the 1 h of low pH and a cytoskeletal inhibitor during the entire 3-h incubation. Net HCO 3 − transport, measured by microcalorimetry, increased ∼33% after in vitro acidosis. This increase was prevented by application during the first hour of anisomycin (10 μM) or actinomycin D (4 μM), but not by aniso...
Anabolic Agents and Osteoporosis: Quo Vadis?

There are preclinical studies and limited clinical experiences with bone and muscle anabolic agents (e.g., parathyroid hormone (PTH), sodium fluoride (NaF), prostaglandins (PGs), growth hormones (GH), etc.) that show they have significant advantages over antiremodeling agents in patients with established osteoporosis 1-5 . The strength of anabolic therapy is as follows: it rapidly reverses bone loss in laboratory animal models and humans, the quality of bone with some agents is believed to be normal, an increase in bone strength in animal models, and a reduction of spinal fracture rate with PTH. The weaknesses of this therapy are high cost, poor understanding of mechanism of action, parenteral mode of administration, rapid bone loss following termination of treatment, abnormal quality of bone, lack of tissue specificity, and undesirable side effects. Both animal and clinical studies have shown one can preserve the bone gain following termination of treatment with antiremodeling agents or exercise based on the lose, restore and maintain (LRM) concept 6 . However, the more important efficacy issues which need to be addressed are tissue specificity and reduction of undesirable side effects. This report will address these issues with the suggestions that the potentiation of the mechanical loading osteogenic response by anabolic agents can overcome the disadvantages which accompany the use of anabolic agents. In addition, the possible role of nitric oxide (NO), an agent required for mechanical loading-induced bone formation, will be discussed.
Inhibition of lactate uptake as an antitumor treatment strategy

4469 High glycolytic flux is a hallmark of tumors. It can result from the switch to anaerobic metabolism in hypoxic conditions (Pasteur effect) or glycolysis in the presence of oxygen (Warburg effect). High lactate levels in tumor biopsies therefore constitute a surrogate marker of tumor glycolysis and are known as a predictive marker of overall patient survival. Here, we hypothesized that lactate could be recycled by tumor cells and thereby participate in tumor progression. To test this hypothesis, we first used lactate and glucose measurements, and electron paramagnetic resonance-based evaluation of cell respiration to identify two archetypal human cell lines. WIDR human colon cancer cells used glycolysis as the main source of energy in vitro (Warburg phenotype), whereas SIHA human cervix cancer cells produced ATP mostly through respiration (non-Warburg). This in vitro phenotype corresponded to a "take" (WIDR) and "no take" (SIHA) profile in vivo . Interestingly, in vivo growth dormancy of a SIHA tumor (evidenced using intravital microscopy) was alleviated in the presence of a WIDR tumor growing distally in the same mouse. Growth promotion corresponded to a ~1.5 mM increase in plasma lactate. These observations were reproduced with glycolytic and non-glycolytic murine tumor cell lines (FSA-II and OCA-1, respectively) in C3H mice. We then examined whether lactate, as a circulating metabolite, could augment growth of non-glycolytic SIHA cells under aerobic conditions. To avoid confounding pH effects, we delivered sodium lactate to cells in vitro . In the absence of glucose, lactate was sufficient to fuel SIHA cell respiration. Moreover, if respiration was disrupted (ρ 0 mitochondria-deficient cells), SIHA switched from lactate to glucose consumption. We next identified the monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1) as the inward lactate transporter at the plasma membrane of SIHA. In tumor sections, MCT1 was located in well-vascularized, viable tumor areas, as revealed by positive CD31 immunolabeling without colocalization with the hypoxia marker pimonidazole. We also showed that the selective MCT1 inhibitor α -cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (CHC) induced a switch from lactate respiration towards glycolysis-only in SIHA cells. To validate these observations in a clinically relevant tumor model, we treated mice bearing MCT1-expressing Lewis lung carcinoma with daily CHC injections. Dramatic anti-tumor effects of CHC were observed with a ~10 days growth delay compared to sham-treated animals, without overt toxicity. In summary, using tumor cells with divergent phenotypes regarding preferred pathways for glucose metabolism, we found that lactate consumption was used for ATP production in SIHA tumors. The use of a lactate transporter inhibitor led us to document the possibility to therapeutically interfere with this pathway and to extend the relevance of our findings to any given tumor. Supported by grants from the NIH/NCI CA40355
Mrs. Robinson's Cost Curves, Mr. Ricardo's Rent, and Professor Marshall's Bounties and Taxes

A major issue raised by Alfred Marshall is whether competitive industries are subject to increasing or decreasing returns in the long run. If variations from constant returns exist, what are the causes, and is competitive output efficient? In competitive output is not efficient, what policies can be used to achieve market efficiency? As Joan Robinson pointed out, these questions boil down to the nature of industry long-run cost curves. The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of these issues that is simple and yet complex enough to explore the different outcomes that can exist.
INTERNAL-EXTERNAL CONTROL, ACHIEVEMENT ORIENTATION AND PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS

The validity of the stereotype by which physically attractive persons are attributed greater internal control and greater success orientation than unattractive persons was studied among college stu...
Kinetic Analysis on Deactivation of a Solid Brønsted Acid Catalyst in Conversion of Sucrose to Levulinic Acid

A solid Bronsted acid (Amberlyst-36) was used as a catalyst in the formation of levulinic acid from sucrose in aqueous solutions. Its rapid deactivation was investigated and simulated. Two major catalyst deactivation mechanisms were identified: (a) loss of protons due to ion exchange with cations and (b) blocking of the catalyst surface or active sites by byproducts. The catalyst activity declined with the accumulation of the byproducts, whereas the effect of ion exchange was quite complicated. The catalyst actually exhibited an increased activity with a small extent of ion exchange, because the free protons had a higher activity than those associated with the solid matrix. In repeated use, however, the solid catalyst lost most protons and activity. A first-order kinetic model was modified to characterize the deactivation mechanisms that provides a good simulation of the complicated performance of the solid catalyst in sugar solutions.
Two-dimensional melting of physisorbed submonolayers of argon and nitrogen - A positron annihilation study

We have studied two-dimensional argon and nitrogen physisorbed on grafoil by conducting positron lifetime and Doppler broadening measurements as functions of adsorbate coverage and temperature. Positron lifetime and Doppler broadening parameters show turnarounds near one-half monolayer coverages at 77 K. The s parameter of the Doppler broadening spectra measured for one-half monolayer coverages of argon and nitrogen increases with temperature across the melting phase transition. We discuss the observed coverage and temperature effects following models based on Kosterlitz-Thouless-Nelson-Halperin-Young theory of two dimensional melting and positron localization in surface defects.
The heterogeneity of Australia antigen.

Australia antigen, Au(l), was originally described as a new, seemingly single reactivity detected in the serum of an Australian aborigine by an antibody in the serum of two multiply transfused hemophiliacs [1]. The antigen was later found to be carried on spherical and tubular particles approximately 20 nm in diameter [2], and to be specifically associated with infection by the agent of long-incubation-period serum hepatitis [3, 4], The relationship of these Australia (Au) particles to the infective agent itself is still unresolved, but present evidence suggests that they are fragments of viral lipoprotein envelope [5],
Details Matter: Designing Skin Microbiome Studies.

The use of genomic sequencing to investigate microbes has expanded, yet it has also raised questions regarding optimal approaches to studying the skin microbiome. Meisel et al. show that while whole genome shotgun metagenomic sequences were most similar to expected microbial profiles, sequencing of the hypervariable regions V1–V3 of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene had greater accuracy than sequencing of the hypervariable region V4 in determining genus and species level classifications of prominent skin bacteria.
CQA 206-291 in Parkinson's disease

Summary CQA 206–291, a mixed D1-D2 receptor agonist that also possesses dualistic dopamine antagonist-agonist properties, was investigated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in individuals with Parkinson's disease of moderate severity. Significant improvement was noted in the treatment groups compared to the placebo group. Adverse effects were generally mild and transient. CQA appears to be an effective, well-tolerated agent in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Nevertheless, because of laboratory-based toxicity concerns, CQA has been withdrawn from further human study and will not be developed clinically.
Resistance of Anopheles sinensis to three kinds of insecticide in Xinyang city

Objective To investigate the resistance of Anopheles sinesis to 3 insecticides and provide evidence for control.Methods The filter paper contact method and the concentration of deltamethrin(0.05%),DDT(4%),malathion(5%) recmmended by WHO were employed.Results The death-rate range of An.sinesis treated with deltamethrin(0.05%),DDT(4%) and malathion(5%) were respectively 22.22%-100%,11.11%-100% and25.33%-100%.The resistance levels of An.sinesis populations were from sensitive(S) to resistant(R) in 9 counties in Xinyang.The first knock-down time ranges of deltamethrin(0.05%) and DDT(4%) were 1.03-23.78 min and 0.55-53.67 min.Their knock-down rates were 3.92%-75%,3.96%-95.05%.The KT50 ranges were 42.02-1459.54 min and 35.23-1459.54 min respectively.Conclusion There is difference in the susceptibility of An.sinesis among these natural populations in 9 counties in Xinyang city.
Tumor necrosis factor in peritoneal fluid of women undergoing laparoscopic surgery.

The level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in peritoneal fluid (PF-TNF) of 74 women undergoing laparoscopy was determined. The difference between the mean concentration of PF-TNF of women with normal pelvic anatomy and women with moderate or severe endometriosis was significant (P
Nondestructive Characterization of the Thermal Diffusivity of Poor Conductors by a Low Cost, Flash Technique

Numerous techniques and approaches exist for the determination of the thermal diffusivity through the thickness of materials. These include techniques based on photothermal radiometry, the detection of the acoustic wave excited by the heating beam, and the ‘mirage’ effect. These techniques typically incorporate a high power laser or an infrared camera, items that are relative expensive and not generally available in small-scale material evaluation facilities.
The effect of anthropogenic disturbance on non-native plant species in Madagascar

Non-native species impact tropical ecosystems, but the role of different anthropogenic disturbances on the success of non-natives remains unclear, especially in island tropical forests. We sought to understand the influence of anthropogenic habitat degradation and disturbance on non-native plant species in Madagascar. Specifically, we evaluated how densities of non-native species of woody shrub (Lantana camara), climber (Mucuna pruriens) and tree (Mangifera indica, Albizia lebbeck, Tamarindus indica) varied with forest habitat degradation and by disturbance type. We surveyed 60400 m2, recording 482 instances of disturbance and 903 non-native plants in and around the Ankarana National Park. Non-native plant densities were higher in degraded than primary forest. Within degraded forest, densities of non-native trees increased with disturbance. Tree densities correlated with extent of tree damage only in Tamarindus indica, never correlated with extent of tree removal, and always correlated with proximity to roads and trails. Our results suggest roads and trails have relatively greater importance in facilitating the success of non-native tree species than structural changes to habitat. In contrast, densities of Lantana camara and Tamarindus indica did not correlate with any measured type of disturbance; other unmeasured or historical factors may be more important drivers of these smaller, faster-reproducing species.
Safety and efficacy of azacitidine in elderly patients with intermediate to high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes:

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by morphologic features of dyspoiesis, a hyperproliferative bone marrow, and one or more peripheral blood cytopenias. In patients classified according to the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (R-IPSS) with intermediate or higher-risk disease, there is an increased risk of death due to progressive bone marrow failure or transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Azacitidine was the first DNA hypomethylating agent approved by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of MDS and the only therapy that has demonstrated a significant survival benefit over conventional care regimens (CCRs) in patients with intermediate or higher-risk disease. Prolonged survival is independent of achieving a complete remission. Azacitidine has been used in older patients with both clinical and hematological improvement as well as an acceptable side effect profile. The most common adverse effect is myelosuppression. These findings support the use of azacitidine as an effective treatment in older patients with higher-risk MDS.
Adaptive controller design based on neural network

Excitation control is one of the effective means to improve the stability of Power System. Excitation controller, which uses the Nonlinear characteristics and learning ability of Neural network, also the characteristics of adaptive control technology, has strong adaptability and robustness for the nonlinearity and uncertainty of the system. The simulation results to the single machine infinite bus system show that, this controller is more effective in the control, which can also ensure a higher level of voltage control and greater stability margin.
Top-Coding and Public Use Microdata Samples from the U.S. Census Bureau

Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS) released by the U.S. Census Bureau and other data providers undergo various privacy protection transformations prior to public release of the individual records. We briefly review these methods but focus our attention on "top-coding" as implemented by the Census Bureau. In particular, we provide a brief analysis of the method used for top-coding of records within a hierarchy. We also show that top-coding artificially moves the correlation between two variables (at least one of which is top-coded) closer to zero by the transformation. We then discuss our attempts to recover the un-transformed data, or at least the original correlations, which all failed. In the final section we briefly discuss methods of disclosure avoidance in PUMS files which preserve joint probability distributions.
Clinical Impact of Second-Opinion Musculoskeletal Subspecialty Interpretations During a Multidisciplinary Orthopedic Oncology Conference

Abstract Purpose To analyze the impact on clinical management when musculoskeletal radiologists render second-opinion consultations during multidisciplinary orthopedic oncology conference. Methods A PACS database was searched for secondary interpretations on outside MRI studies reviewed during a multidisciplinary orthopedic oncology conference from January 2014 to December 2016. Reports were compared with the original interpretations, when available. Reports were categorized using a 7-point scale: I (no discrepancy), II (undetected clinically insignificant abnormality), III (clinically insignificant difference in interpretation), IV (difference in imaging follow-up recommendation), V (equivocal initial interpretation with subsequent definitive subspecialty interpretation), VI (clinically significant difference in interpretation), VII (failure to detect a clinically significant abnormality). Results A total of 409 patients met inclusion criteria, with an average age of 47.9 ± 19.2. There were 91 (22.2%) instances of discrepant interpretations resulting in clinically significant differences in management; 67 (16.4%) were category VI and 24 (5.9%) were category VII. An additional 72 subjects (17.6%) were identified as category IV and 28 (6.8%) as category V, yielding at total of 191 (46.7%) clinically relevant discrepancies. When pathology was available, the secondary consultations were concordant in 57 of 61 cases (93.4%) and the outside interpretations were concordant in 39 of 61 cases (63.9%, P Conclusion A 22.2% rate of clinically significant difference was observed between primary and secondary interpretations. The substantial rate of clinically relevant discrepancies demonstrates that subspecialty expertise often changed the primary diagnosis. Thus, by participating in a multidisciplinary team, subspecialty radiologists have a unique opportunity to help direct appropriate treatment plans.
Developing a Research Agenda for Integrating Palliative Care into Critical Care and Pulmonary Practice To Improve Patient and Family Outcomes

Abstract Background: Palliative care is a medical specialty and philosophy of care that focuses on reducing suffering among patients with serious illness and their family members, regardless of disease diagnosis or prognosis. As critical illness or moderate to severe pulmonary disease confers significant disease-related symptom burdens, palliative care and palliative care specialists can aid in reducing symptom burden and improving quality of life among these patients and their family members. Objective: The objective of this article is to review the existing gaps in evidence for palliative care in pulmonary disease and critical illness and to use an interdisciplinary working group convened by the National Institutes of Health and the National Palliative Care Research Center to develop a research agenda to address these gaps. Methods: We completed a narrative review of the literature concerning the integration of palliative care into pulmonary and/or critical care. The review was based on recent systemati...
Myocardial bridge: bridging the differential diagnosis.

A 50-year-old man with a history of vasospastic angina diagnosed 3 months prior presented with recurrent episodes of substernal chest pain. His chest pain was characterised as ‘squeezing’, lasting 10 min and typically occurred on awakening. Medications included isosorbide, nitroglycerin and ranolazine; however, due to lack of insurance he was unable to obtain these medications. On admission, patient was given a full-dose aspirin and nitroglycerin, which acutely worsened his chest pain. ECG did not reveal ischaemic changes and initial troponin was negative. A left heart catheterisation was conducted, revealing a myocardial bridge of the mid-left anterior descending artery. Myocardial bridge, due to its rarity, is often overlooked as an aetiology for angina, myocardial ischaemia, acute coronary syndrome, syncope and cardiac death. This case highlights the importance of broadening the differential to include myocardial bridge in the work-up for chest pain, especially if nitrates worsen symptoms.
The Effect of Physical Activity on PTSD

Although physical activity (PA) is known to reduce anxiety and depression, less is known about the effects of PA on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The author examined the state of the science regarding the effect of PA on PTSD. Three themes emerged: PA characteristics, added benefits of PA as a PTSD intervention, and theories on the method of action. Physical activity seems to be an effective adjunct therapy to reduce PTSD symptom severity. Findings are inconsistent between observational and controlled studies. More research is needed to identify the most effective type, dose, and duration of exercise. The primary author is responsible for review, synthesis, and analysis of the literature as well as preparation of the manuscript. The corresponding author is responsible for reviewing and editing the manuscript. All authors have reviewed the submitted manuscript and approve the manuscript for submission. SUMMARY STATEMENT Why is this review needed? • Post-traumatic stress disorder is a debilitating condition that is growing in prevalence and, if untreated or undertreated, can have significant impact on individuals, families, and ultimately the society at large. • Traditional treatment includes psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy; however, many who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder have limited access to these treatment modalities. • The Institute of Medicine has called for research into cost-effective, complementary treatments to potentiate the traditional method of combined psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. What are the key findings? • Physical activity has been shown to reduce symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in persons with subsyndromal symptoms and persons resistant to standard treatment. • Physical activity has also been shown to improve health conditions that may accompany PTSD (e.g., anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, and cardiovascular disease). How should the findings be used to influence policy/practice/research/education? • Clinicians should include patient-specific exercise prescriptions in their plan of care for treating those with PTSD (e.g., walking program, aerobic activity, or yoga). • Interventions for persons with PTSD should extend beyond the relationship with the clinician, and include methods that motivate continued exercise. • Research should focus on the type and amount of activity that is most effective for treating persons with PTSD, including the length of time needed for optimal improvements to be maintained.
Role of Fish Oil in Post-Cardiotomy Bleeding: A Summary of the Basic Science and Clinical Trials.

Background Omega-3 fatty acids are widely used. This article reviews the coagulopathic effects of fish oil. Methods A review was performed of all English articles that addressed the topic from 1980 to 2017. Results Fish oil induces an in vitro coagulopathy in humans due to inhibitory effects in platelet-to-platelet adhesion and platelet-stimulated thrombin generation. The effect from fish oil alone is weak, but it is enhanced and may become clinically noticeable in patients taking antiplatelet therapy, and, to a lesser extent, in patients on factor Xa inhibitors and warfarin. In the absence of other anticoagulants, fish oil alone is not capable of producing a clinically significant coagulopathy that would induce or contribute to surgical bleeding. Conclusions Patients who are taking fish oil without other anticoagulants do not have an increased risk of bleeding surgical complications. Because of the highly variable amounts of actual eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in commercially available supplements, thromboelastography with platelet mapping would allow a surgeon to know if a coagulopathic effect is present in a patient taking fish oil, especially if the patient was also taking other anticoagulants.
Erratum to “A Passive Wireless Microelectromechanical Pressure Sensor for Harsh Environments”

In the above paper [1] , references [46] and [54] were cited incorrectly. The corrected references are as follows.
14 – Spike Train Analysis

Spike trains play a crucial role in communication through neuronal signals among cells in the nervous system. Although time series of action potentials can be measured intracellularly, they are often recorded extracellularly and are then referred to as spike trains. The intracellular recordings show all aspects of the membrane potential fluctuations, whereas the extracellular spike trains mainly reflect the timing of the occurrence of an action potential. An action potential in a nerve fiber acts as a generator for extracellular current. This current can be measured by a biological amplifier. Depending on the positions of the recording electrodes relative to the nerve fiber, such recordings reflect the vertical or horizontal currents. Although the spikes in spike trains have similar shapes, they are often slightly different. These differences in wave morphology are due to differences in relative position and impedance between electrodes and different neurons. Spikes originating from different cells differ in amplitude and waveform.
The Historical Sense-Structure of Modern Algebraic Physics

The assimilation of Cartesian algebra into mathematical physics met with significant opposition, engendered by basic issues of physical intelligibility. In this chapter Cosgrove considers more closely those historical developments by which Cartesian algebra came to be the principal, and by now the exclusive, mathematical and conceptual language of theoretical physics. Utilizing the pre-algebraic example of Galileo and a short case study of Newton’s treatment of quantity of motion in the Principia, in addition to more general observations on physics and algebra in the eighteenth century, Cosgrove concludes that algebraic equations in physics are physically intelligible solely as symbolic abbreviations for Euclidean proportions.
Approximate dynamic programming for output feedback control

This paper studies the adaptive and optimal output feedback control problem using approximate dynamic programming. It is shown that, under the recursive algorithm, the control policy converges to its optimal value, up to a constant proportional to the magnitude of the inaccuracy caused by observation errors. On the basis of this result, direct adaptive output feedback strategies are developed for solving both discrete-time and continuous-time LQR problems with uncertain parameters. Finally, numerical examples are given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed control schemes.
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy analysis of europium and samarium in aluminum oxide

Abstract The use of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy as a technique for analysis of europium and samarium concentrations in ceramic aluminum oxide samples was investigated for application to studying lanthanide separation processes. Metal oxide powders of europium and/or samarium were mixed with aluminum oxide at varying concentrations and pressed into pellets. A comparison of different approaches to building a univariate simple linear regression analysis curve is presented. A linear behavior was seen over the total lanthanide concentration range from 0.086 to 12.358 weight percent (wt%). The calculated limits of detection for the univariate calibration curves were determined to range from 0.001 to 0.108 wt% and 0.001 and 0.183 wt% for europium and samarium, respectively.