cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regional Gastrointestinal Transit and Contractility Patterns Vary in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is an autonomic disorder that affects multiple organs, including the gastrointestinal system. These patients often have multiple GI complaints with a severe impact on their quality of life. GI dysmotility patterns in POTS remains poorly understood and difficult to manage. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic yield of wireless motility capsule in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and POTS, with use of a symptomatic control group without POTS as a reference. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients who had both autonomic testing and wireless motility capsule between 2016 and 2020. The two groups were divided into those with POTS and those without POTS (controls) as diagnosed through autonomic testing. We compared the regional transit times and motility patterns between the two groups using the data collected from wireless motility capsule. A total of 25% of POTS patients had delayed small bowel transit compared to 0% of non-POTS patients (p = 0.047). POTS patients exhibited hypo-contractility patterns within the small bowel, including decreased contractions/min (2.95 vs. 4.22, p = 0.011) and decreased motility index (101.36 vs. 182.11, p = 0.021). In multivariable linear regression analysis, migraine predicted faster small bowel transit (p = 0.007) and presence of POTS predicted slower small bowel transit (p = 0.044). Motility abnormalities among POTS patients seem to affect mostly the small bowel and exhibit a general hypo-contractility pattern. Wireless motility capsule can be a helpful tool in patients with POTS and GI symptoms as it can potentially help guide treatment.
Niht Enwil Und Niht Enweiz Und Niht Enhât: Eckhart’s Triple Negation and its History

German Sermon 52 (Pr. 52) is one of Meister Eckhart’s most famous. Preached on the first beatitude, ‘Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven’ (Mt. 5:3), the homily is an...
Racial and ethnic inequities in the early distribution of U.S. COVID-19 testing sites and mortality.

Background In 2020, early U.S. COVID-19 testing sites offered diagnostic capacity to patients and were important sources of epidemiological data about the spread of the novel pandemic disease. However, little research has comprehensively described American testing sites' distribution by race/ethnicity and sought to identify any relation to known disparities in COVID-19 outcomes. Methods Locations of U.S. COVID-19 testing sites were gathered from 16 April to 28 May 2020. Geographic testing disparities were evaluated with comparisons of the demographic makeup of zip codes around each testing site versus Monte Carlo simulations, aggregated to statewide and nationwide levels. State testing disparities were compared with statewide disparities in mortality observed one to 3 weeks later using multivariable regression, controlling for confounding disparities and characteristics. Results Nationwide, COVID-19 testing sites geographically overrepresented White residents on 7 May, underrepresented Hispanic residents on 16 April, 7 May and 28 May and overrepresented Black residents on 28 May compared with random distribution within counties, with new sites added over time exhibiting inconsistent disparities for Black and Hispanic populations. For every 1 percentage point increase in underrepresentation of Hispanic populations in zip codes with testing, mortality among the state's Hispanic population was 1.04 percentage points more over-representative (SE = 0.415, p = .01). Conclusions American testing sites were not distributed equitably by race during this analysis, often underrepresenting minority populations who bear a disproportionate burden of COVID-19 cases and deaths. With an easy-to-implement measure of geographic disparity, these results provide empirical support for the consideration of access when distributing preventive resources.
Light Synthesis Modeling of Close Binary Stars

Recent years have seen substantial progress in understanding residual departures of observed light curves, for close binary stars without degenerate components, from the canonical Roche model. Examples of observed departures include the O’Connell effect and ”anomalies” in W Ursae Majoris systems.
Influence of fiber content on mechanical performance of SiC-fiber-reinforced reaction-bonded silicon nitride composites

The effect of fiber content on the resulting mechanical properties (first matrix cracking stress, ultimate strength, and work-of-fracture) of silicon carbide (SiC)-fiber-reinforced reaction-bonded silicon nitride (RBSN) matrix composites was investigated. Flexure tests were used to evaluate mechanical properties of composites containing various fiber contents. The first matrix cracking stress, ultimate strength, and work-of-fracture of the composites increased with increasing fiber content, reaching a peak value at a fiber content of {approximately} 16 vol.%. Further increases in fiber content degraded the mechanical properties of the composites. The variations in mechanical properties with fiber contents were correlated to the residual stresses in the matrix phase, processing related flaws, and failure modes observed in these composites.
But I Didn't Do It: Protecting the Rights of Juveniles During Interrogation

Juveniles' susceptibility to suggestion, coupled with their inherent naiveties and immature thought processes, raise considerable doubt as to their ability to understand and exercise their Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination. Furthermore, they are extremely vulnerable to overimplicating themselves in crimes or, even more unfortunate for all involved, confessing to crimes they did not even commit. To protect the rights and interests of juveniles, states must enact several safeguards. This Note suggests, for example, that courts which currently use a totality of the circumstances test to determine whether a juvenile confession is voluntary, and thus not a violation of the Fifth Amendment, should abandon it in favor of a less-flexible per se rule. Additionally, states need to simplify the Miranda warning into language more conducive to juveniles' comprehension. To increase the reliability of confessions and prevent false confessions altogether, interrogators need to cease using the same interrogation tactics, such as leading questions and the presentation of false evidence, on juveniles as
Local verification of global invariants in concurrent programs

We describe a practical method for reasoning about realistic concurrent programs Our method allows global two-state invariants that restrict update of shared state We provide simple, sufficient conditions for checking those global invariants modularly The method has been implemented in VCC, an automatic, sound, modular verifier for concurrent C programs VCC has been used to verify functional correctness of tens of thousands of lines of Microsoft's Hyper-V virtualization platform and of SYSGO's embedded real-time operating system PikeOS.
The distribution of intravenously administered [3H]Chole-sterol in the arteries and other tissues

Summary A new method for radioautography with lipid substances has been described which is based on carbowax embedding of tissue and dipping the sections into liquid Ilford K2 and Ilford G5 photographic emulsions. The method allows lipids to stay in situ and permits proper staining of the underlying tissue sections. Thus, lipid substances labeled with low energy isotopes can be effectively traced in tissues at the level of cells, fibers, and membranes. Radioautography was performed with this method on arteries and other tissues of normal dog and monkey ( Macaca irus ) between 4 and 6 weeks after the intravenous injection of [ 3 H]cholesterol. An accumulation of radioactive cholesterol was detected along the elastic membranes of elastic type arteries including aorta and coronary artery. The findings suggest that a high concentration of cholesterol is present on the elastic membranes of arteries. Radioactive cholesterol also appeared to be located in smooth muscle cells of elastic type arteries but not in the smooth muscle cells of muscular type arteries. The radiographic findings in intact and sub-cellularly fractionated arteries indicate that blood cholesterol enters the normal arterial wall and is distributed extracellulary as weil as intracellularly.
Software engineering in a BS in computer science

This position paper outlines the rationale for and the approach used at the University of Hawaii at Hilo to further augment the ACM/IEEE computer science curriculum for software engineering considerations.
A General Method of Tritium Labeling Utilizing Microwave Discharge Activation of Tritium Gas METHODOLOGY AND APPLICATION TO BIOLOGICAL COMPOUNDS

A method of general tritium labeling is described which is applicable to a broad range of organic compounds of biological interest, including amino acids, peptides, and proteins. The method is rapid, inexpensive, and nondestructive, thereby making the purification of labeled material relatively uncomplicated. The reaction apparatus consists of a closed system in which tritium gas at a pressure of 4 mm Hg or less can be cycled by an internal pump. The labeling reaction(s) is initiated by microwave discharge activation of the tritium gas and the sample, cooled by liquid nitrogen, remains outside the region of the high ultraviolet and electron flux from the tritium plasma. The evidence suggests that tritium-hydrogen exchange occurs as a result of bombardment of the labeled substrate with tritium atoms. Studies of the chemistry of the labeling reaction with aromatic hydrocarbons, of the analytical requirements for radiochemical purity, of the characteristic specific activities noted for several classes of compounds, and of the application of the method to the preparation of tritium-labeled peptides are presented. Tritium-labeled adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) with a specific activity of 15 Ci per mmole and full biological activity has been prepared by this method. This represents a 1000-fold increase in the specific activity previously obtained by Wilzbach labeling of ACTH.
Enzyme allergy in populations exposed to long-term, low-level concentrations of household laundry products

Abstract Twenty-five per cent of 353 highly and moderately sensitive patients attending allergy clinics in Cincinnati and Middletown, Ohio, exhibited positive skin tests to either one or both of the 2 major types of commercial detergent enzymes, Alcalase (ALC) and Amylase Protease (AP). Positive passive transfer results were obtained in 5 of 10 patients who exhibited direct skin reactivity. Nasal and bronchial challenge tests were performed in 14 patients, all of whom related the onset of respiratory symptoms to prior exposure to enzyme-containing products. Positive nasal tests were observed in 7 patients with histories of upper respiratory symptoms, and positive bronchial responses were obtained in 7 patients with antecedent complaints of lower airways obstruction. Eleven of these patients were atopic; 3 were nonatopic. All patients noted significant improvement in causally related symptoms after enzyme products were eliminated.
Effect of Paramagnetic Impurities on NMR in Superionic Conductors

Relaxation of mobile 7Li nuclei in LiAtliO4 and other Li+ conductors is shown by the high temperature T1:T2 ratio to be caused by paramagnetic impurities. The stationary 27Al, however, is relaxed by quadrupole coupling.
Exploring Customers' Perceptions in Creating and Delivering Value

Abstract Retailers increasingly rely on technology-based self-service (TBSS) options (e.g., self-checkouts in grocery stores) to provide service to their customers. In TBSS environments, customers serve themselves at the convenience of these service options more than ever before. Retailers try to create and sustain a competitive advantage by offering customer value based on the utilization of TBSS options, while customers try to receive the best value for their participation in service production and delivery. The purpose of this exploratory qualitative study is to understand and address the potential gaps between retailer's value offering and customer's perceptions, particularly in TBSS environments of retail and grocery stores. The current paper uses a series of in-depth interviews based on a qualitative research design with grounded theory methodology underpinnings. In the interest of discovery, initial research findings inspired us to think about the issues toward a gap idea, supported by the extant l...
Comparison of Hippocampal Dendritic Spines in Culture and in Brain

We have quantified hippocampal spine structure at the light and ultrastructural levels in cell cultures ∼1- 3 weeks old and in the brains of rodents 5 and 21 d old. The number of spines bearing synapses increases with age in cultures and in brain, but the structures are similar in both. In culture, about half of the synapses are formed on spines and the remainder are formed on dendritic shafts. In the 5-d-old brain, about half of the synapses occur on dendritic shafts, by 3 weeks of age only ∼20% of synapses are found on dendritic shafts, and in the adult shaft synapses are very rare.
The effect of endoscopic olfactory cleft polyp removal on olfaction.

BACKGROUND The presence of olfactory cleft polyps in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis is well documented, but the effect of endoscopic olfactory cleft polyp surgery on olfaction, versus observation, has not been well studied. This analysis assessed if microdebridement of olfactory cleft polyps yields significant objective smell improvements in those with anosmia or hyposmia. METHODS A randomized prospective single-blinded study was performed on patients undergoing bilateral endoscopic sinus surgery with profound bilateral nasal polyposis, excluding those younger than 18 years or without olfactory polyps. A preoperative University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), visual analog scale (VAS), and sinonasal outcomes 20 score (SNOT-20), and a follow-up at 6 months was performed. Two cohorts were created, including one with cleft polyp removal (group A) and one with cleft polyps left in place (group B). RESULTS There were 10 patients in group A and 7 in group B. By using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, the two groups were individually analyzed for changes in the preoperative UPSIT, VAS, and SNOT-20 versus the 6-month test results. In group A, the improvement in the UPSIT, VAS, and SNOT-20 were statistically significant at p < 0.05. For group B only the improvement in the VAS was statistically significant, at p < 0.05. There was a statistically significant difference in clinical smell improvement between group A and B at 6 months (p = 0.00512). CONCLUSIONS Evidence exists that olfactory cleft polyp surgery improves olfactory function outcomes. Long-term data beyond 6 months is needed to further validate these early promising outcomes.
Oxidation of glutamic acid by the splanchnic bed in humans

[1,2-13C2]glutamate and [ring-2H5]phenylalanine were infused for 7 h into postabsorptive healthy subjects on two occasions. The tracer infusion was by the intravenous route for 3.5 h and by the nas...
Radioactive dilution indicator. I. Measurement of residual fluid in the fasting stomach.

Summary A new procedure employing radioactive zirconium 95 -niobium 95 as a dilution indicator permitted the measurement of any fluid left in the stomach after it was presumably emptied completely by the usual method of blind aspiration. Though the rapid introduction and withdrawal of 100 cc. of fluid into the stomach might act as a stimulus to gastric secretion, it is doubtful that enough secretion would be produced during the 1 min. required for mixing to give a falsely high gastric residuum. A significant residuum of gastric juice was found in over 75 per cent of the patients. This might provide a source of error where volume and acid output are measured by conventional aspiration.
Enter the grid introducing Oracle 10g

Grid computing is defined as coordinated use of many servers and storage acting as one large computer. Oracle strategy for IT is in enterprise Grid computing and responsive in software architecture application. Policy based load balancing for database and application server clusters, dynamic allocation of servers using rules, automated routing of service requests. Self-managing database are built-in intelligent infrastructures, automatic SQL tuning, automatic storage management, automatic database diagnostic monitor.
Modeling a new RTL semantics in C

In order to improve the productivity of current register transfer level (RTL) design practice, we argue that a new methodology of modeling, simulation and synthesis is needed based on standard RTL semantics. In this paper we present the implementation of a C++ class library for RTL modeling and simulation. This library provides a foundation for experimentation in the new RTL semantics, proposed by Accellera Working Group, which uses FSMD (D.D. Gajski et al, High-Level Synthesis: Introduction to Chip and System Design, Kluwer Academic, 1992) as a formal model of RTL abstraction. The essential C++ classes for modeling FSMD in C++ are described in the paper.
Theoretical investigations of the molecular and vibrational structure of divinyl sulfone

Abstract Ab initio molecular orbital calculations were performed at the SCF and MBPT(2) levels in order to determine the molecular and vibrational structure of divinyl sulfone, and the interactions determining its geometric preferences. Vibrational frequency analysis was used to correlate published infrared and Raman frequency results in terms of isomeric stability. Electronic structure calculations point to the C 2 isomer being the more stable, with a stabilization energy of about 0.5 kcal mol − over the C s form. The C 1 conformation lies considerably higher in energy, and lacks the essential electrostatic stabilization found in the C 2 and C s structures.
Emulsification properties of polyesters and sucrose ester blends II: Alkyl glycoside polyesters

Surface active properties such as surface and interfacial tension reductions and stability of oil-in-water (o/w) and water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions by alkyl glycoside fatty acid polyesters, a potential fat substitute, and emulsifier blends of alkyl glycoside polyesters and Ryoto sugar esters were investigated.
Clinical features and treatment of seven patients with carcinoid tumor metastatic to the eye and orbit.

Purpose To understand better the clinical features, treatment, and outcome of patients with carcinoid tumors metastatic to the eye and orbit. Methods We studied seven patients with carcinoid tumors metastatic to the eye and orbit who were initially examined at the Mayo Clinic between 1974 and 1992. Carcinoid tumors metastasized to the choroid of six eyes of four patients and unilaterally to the orbit in three additional patients. Results Decreased vision was the most frequent initial symptom with choroidal metastases. Choroidal metastases were treated with brachytherapy only, with brachytherapy and chemotherapy, with external beam irradiation and chemotherapy, or with chemotherapy only. The duration of follow-up of these four patients ranged from seven to eight years after the diagnosis of choroidal metastases. Two of the four patients died from tumor complications 7 1/2 and seven years after the diagnosis of choroidal metastases. Proptosis and limitation of ocular motility were the most common initial signs with orbital metastases. Orbital metastases were treated with external beam irradiation and chemotherapy, with chemotherapy only, or with external beam irradiation only. Duration of follow-up of these three patients ranged from one-half to two years after the diagnosis of orbital metastases. All three patients died from tumor complications during the follow-up period. Conclusions Because of the relatively good prospects for long-term survival in patients with carcinoid tumors metastatic to the choroid, early detection and treatment of the metastases are important.
Trace measurements of tetracyclines using adsorptive stripping voltammetry

Abstract The surface-active properties of tetracycline antibiotics are exploited for developing a sensitive adsorptive stripping method for trace measurements of these compounds. Controlled interfacial accumulation at the h.m.d.e. permits convenient quantitation at the submicromolar and nanomolar concentration levels. With 210 s accumulation, the method provides 28, 27, 26 and 23 signal enhancements for tetracycline hydrochloride, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline and doxycycline, respectively. The adsorptive stripping response is evaluated with respect to accumulation time and potential, stripping mode, concentration dependence, electrolyte and pH, and other variables. Detection limits are 6 × 10−10 M for doxycycline, 1 × 10−9 M for oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline, and 2 × 10−9 M for tetracycline hydrochloride with 300 s accumulation. The reproducibility of the determination (at the 1 × 10−7 M level) expressed in terms of relative standard deviation, ranges from 0.8 to 2.0%.
Effect of LCF on HCF crack growth of Ti-17

Abstract An improved understanding of fatigue crack growth phenomena applicable to titanium engine disks was developed through complimentary experimental and analytical investigations of Ti-17. The effect of low cycle fatigue (LCF) on the high cycle fatigue (HCF) threshold and rate of crack propagation was studied. A simplified variable-amplitude spectrum, consisting of high-R cycles, corresponding to HCF loading, and periodic R=0.1 cycles, corresponding to LCF loading, was used to demonstrate a load-interaction effect. When the ratio of HCF to LCF cycles was 100 or more the fatigue crack growth lifetimes were significantly lower than predicted using linear damage summation methods assuming no load-interaction effect. Thus, it was concluded that the LCF cycle accelerated the fatigue crack growth rate of subsequent HCF cycles, even when closure was concluded to be negligible. A phenomenological model was formulated based on hypothesized changes in the propagation resistance, KPR, and fit to the test data. The model confirmed that the periodic LCF cycles increased fatigue crack growth rates of subsequent HCF cycles.
Reactions and reaction intermediates on iron surfaces: III. Reactions of aldehydes and ketones on Fe(100)

Abstract The reactions of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone on Fe(100) were studied by temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were observed to react with adsorbed hydrogen to form adsorbed alkoxy intermediates. These reactions occurred at low temperature (ca. 200 K). In the absence of adsorbed hydrogen, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde decomposed to adsorbed CO and hydrogen. This reaction was also observed at low temperatures. On an initially clean surface the aldehydes first decomposed, forming adsorbed hydrogen which subsequently reacted with adsorbed aldehyde to form an alkoxy intermediate. The alkoxy intermediates reacted to form CO and H2 primarily, with lesser amounts of alcohol, aldehyde and hydrocarbon products. Acetone reacted differently from the aldehydes and did not appear to form an alkoxy intermediate. XPS results suggested that acetone and acetaldehyde did not adsorb in their keto form on the surface and it is suggested that they adsorbed as enol intermediates. The distinct reaction behavior of acetone may be due to these enol intermediates.
A spatial-spectral classification approach of multispectral data for ground perspective materials

A spatial-spectral classification technique for classification of materials within Hyperspectral images is described in this paper. The method considers the influence of neighboring pixels to apply local spatial context features to correctly label an unknown pixel. The spatial and spectral features are jointly applied to a Maximum Likelihood classifier that uses material class models defined by a Mixture of Gaussians to adaptively account for spectral variability and noise. Experimental results compare the application of spatial and spectral features with only spectral features on the classification of materials common to scenes viewed from the ground perspective.
THE EFFECT OF ACTIDIONE ON MITOSIS IN THE SLIME MOLD PHYSARUM POLYCEPHALUM

Actidione, reportedly a specific inhibitor of protein synthesis, was found to reduce the incorporation of labeled amino acids into proteins of the slime mold Physarum polycephalum without drastically inhibiting the incorporation of nucleic acid precursors into RNA. This inhibitor was found to completely block the ensuing mitosis if it was added at any time between telophase and late prophase. Plasmodia given Actidione in late prophase (about the time of nucleolar dissolution) went on through telophase to reconstruction even though nuclear amino acid incorporation was drastically reduced during that period.
Mid-ocean ridge basalts from the Galápagos spreading center: Direct probes of magma chambers

Volcanic material erupting on the earth surface provides the one direct means to study the physical conditions, chemical composition, and mineralogy of magmas in magma chambers. Most magmas from the Galapagos spreading center have not cooled or crystallized perceptibly on the way to the surface, and these magmas can be used to determine the composition, temperature, density, viscosity, and crystal content of magmas in magma chambers below the Galapagos spreading center. The constraints placed on these ridge crest magmas indicate that they will not erupt if they cool to less than 1150 °C, if their viscosity is more than 820 P, or if their density is greater than 2.8 g/cm 3 . The magma chambers are zoned: high-temperature (∼1200 °C), low-density, crystal-free magma is at the top, and low-temperature (∼1170 °C), high-density, crystal-rich magma is at the bottom. These conclusions can be extended to all ocean ridges that erupt basalts with low crystal content and unzoned olivine phenocrysts.
Covolume-Dual Variable Method for Thermally Expandable Flow on Unstructured Triangular Grids

SUMMARY Finite difference like discretizations are developed for the time dependent Navier-Stokes equations and the thermal energy equation. The flow is assumed to be thermally expandable, that is, the density varies only with temperature. A new pointwise first order upwind scheme for convection is presented which is of nonnegative type. Also presented are new approaches to reconstructing the velocity vector field from the covolume primitive variables. The resulting difference equations reproduce linear flow fields.
A Conformational Switch in a Partially Unwound Helix Selectively Determines the Pathway for Substrate Release from the Carnitine/γ-Butyrobetaine Antiporter CaiT

CaiT is a homotrimeric antiporter that exchanges l-carnitine (CRN) with γ-butyrobetaine (GBB) across the bacterial membrane. Three structures have been resolved to date for CaiT, all in the inward-facing state: CRN-bound (with four CRNs per subunit), GBB-bound (two GBBs per subunit), and apo. One of the reported binding sites is the counterpart of the primary site observed in structurally similar transporters. However, the mechanism and pathway(s) of CRN/GBB unbinding and translocation, or even the ability of the substrates to dislodge from the reported binding sites, are yet to be determined. To shed light on these issues, we performed a total of 1.3 μs of molecular dynamics simulations and examined the dynamics of substrate-bound CaiT structures under different conditions. We find that both CRN and GBB are able to dissociate completely from their primary site into the cytoplasm. Substrate molecules initially located at the secondary sites dissociate even faster (within tens of nanoseconds) into the extra- or intracellular regions. Interestingly, the unbinding pathway from the primary site appears to be dictated by the geometry of the unwound part of the transmembrane (TM) helix 3, mostly around Thr100 therein. Arg262 on TM7, which apparently mimics the role of Na+ in CaiT structural homologues, plays a key role in triggering the dissociation of the substrate away from the primary site and guiding its release to the cytoplasm provided that the unwound part of TM3 switches from a shielding to a yielding pose.
Leaky β-Oxidation of a trans-Fatty Acid INCOMPLETE β-OXIDATION OF ELAIDIC ACID IS DUE TO THE ACCUMULATION OF 5-TRANS-TETRADECENOYL-CoA AND ITS HYDROLYSIS AND CONVERSION TO 5-TRANS-TETRADECENOYLCARNITINE IN THE MATRIX OF RAT MITOCHONDRIA

The degradation of elaidic acid (9-trans-octadecenoic acid), oleic acid, and stearic acid by rat mitochondria was studied to determine whether the presence of a trans double bond in place of a cis double bond or no double bond affects beta-oxidation. Rat mitochondria from liver or heart effectively degraded the coenzyme A derivatives of all three fatty acids. However, with elaidoyl-CoA as a substrate, a major metabolite accumulated in the mitochondrial matrix. This metabolite was isolated and identified as 5-trans-tetradecenoyl-CoA. In contrast, little or none of the corresponding metabolites were detected with oleoyl-CoA or stearoyl-CoA as substrates. A kinetic study of long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) and very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase revealed that 5-trans-tetradecenoyl-CoA is a poorer substrate of LCAD than is 5-cis-tetradecenoyl-CoA, while both unsaturated acyl-CoAs are poor substrates of very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase when compared with myristoyl-CoA. Tetradecenoic acid and tetradecenoylcarnitine were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry, respectively, when rat liver mitochondria were incubated with elaidoyl-CoA but not when oleoyl-CoA was the substrate. These observations support the conclusion that 5-trans-tetradecenoyl-CoA accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix, because it is less efficiently dehydrogenated by LCAD than is its cis isomer and that the accumulation of this beta-oxidation intermediate facilitates its hydrolysis and conversion to 5-trans-tetradecenoylcarnitine thereby permitting a partially degraded fatty acid to escape from mitochondria. Analysis of this compromised but functional process provides insight into the operation of beta-oxidation in intact mitochondria.
Olfactory responses of the parasitoidDiaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) to odor of plants, aphids, and plant-aphid complexes

Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) is a parasitoid of several aphid species, including the Russian wheat aphid (RWA),Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), and the cabbage aphid (CA).Brevicoryne brassicae (L.). The response of matedD. rapae females to odors from wheat, cabbage, and plant-host complexes was investigated using a four-choice olfactometer. Experienced parasitoids, but not inexperienced females, responded positively to odors of the wheat-RWA complex in a no-choice test. In choice tests, experienced parasitoids did not respond to odors of uninfested cabbage and wheat leaves, but did respond positively to aphid-infested plants and to aphids alone. The response ofD. rapae to the cabbage-CA complex and to CA alone was significantly greater than to the wheat-RWA complex and RWA alone, suggesting an innate odor preference for crucifer-feeding aphids.
Internal Resorption in a Deciduous Incisor: An Unusual Case

A 4½-year-old girl experienced internal resorption in the deciduous maxillary left incisor. A large portion of the tooth enamel was missing, although the shape of the tooth was maintained by vital pulp tissue. No treatment was given, since the tooth was asymptomatic, and there was no pathologic evidence in the radiograph.
FURTHER STUDIES OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE PLASMA PROTEIN-THYROID HORMONE COMPLEX12

The binding of T4 and T3 by plasma proteins and their resultant distribution between plasma and tissue binding sites were studied by (1) paper and starch gel electrophoresis, (2) in vitro tissue uptakes, and (3) dialysis. Results indicate that (1) the plasma inter-alpha globulin binding moiety of paper electrophoresis is heterogeneous on reelectrophoresis in starch gel, (2) the T4 binding component of serum albumin resides in a very small fraction thereof, (3) TRIS buffer plays an important role in plasma binding of T4 in these techniques, (4) PCO2 plays an important role in T4 and T3 binding by plasma, and (5) pH affects the binding of thyroid hormones and this effect is different for T4 and T3.
Parallel Program Design and Development of Large-Scale Grid Topology Analysis

This paper proposes a parallel computing method of topological analysis based on the partition of grid model data, and based on the smart grid dispatch control system it design and develop the parallel topology analysis service using the OpenMP shared memory programming model and C/C++ programming language. According to the layering and zoning features of the smart grid dispatch control system, this method divides the grid mode by area and power station. Package the topology search function and do parallel processing for mode data according to different area and power station, which can realize the parallel network topology analysis. The test result on the actual grid shows that this method has good stability and real-time, and it can meet the system online simulation, analysis and control applications requires for the topology analysis.
Systolic and diastolic properties of the human left ventricle during valve replacement for chronic mitral regurgitation

M mode and two dimensional echocardiography were combined with pressure-flow data to analyze systolic mechanics and diastolic compliance in nine patients during valve replacement for chronic mitral regurgitation. Both M mode (six patients) and two dimensional (four patients) echographic analyses revealed large decreases in early postoperative shortening fraction (-24 +/- 17 [standard deviation] percent M mode study, p < 0.01: -30 +/- 12 percent two dimensional study, p < 0.02), which were significantly different from small changes observed in control subjects (M mode study, +7 +/- 10 percent, 25 subjects and two dimensional study, -7 +/- 14 percent, 8 subjects). Additional data suggest that ventricular compliance is increased in chronic mitral regurgitation and that elimination of the low impedance left atrial pathway by valve replacement is associated with a significant increase in wall stress (five patients, p < 0.02) that appears to be responsible for the decreased ejection fraction postoperatively. Analysis of hemodynamic variables other than ejection fraction and rate of circumferential shortening revealed no difference between five postoperative patients with chronic mitral regurgitation and five with coronary artery disease. These results in human subjects confirm predictions from studies in animal models and suggest that unique properties of chronic mitral regurgitation and demand special attention when patients with this condition are being evaluated for surgery.
Second harmonic generation in birefringent optical fibers

Abstract Second harmonic generation in optical fibers is investigated. A scheme to combine material, modal and geometrical dispersion to achieve phase matching is proposed. Conversion efficiency, as a function of the fiber's parameters and the incoming electric field strength, is computed.
Roundoff Errors in Signal Averaging Systems

In biomedical signal averaging applications where a small repetitive signal is to be extracted form a very noisy waveform (noise variance ?2n), the A/D converter range is set at ±A?n where A typically has a value of 3 or 4. In this case, A/D roundoff noise using a (b + 1)-bit A/D converter degrades the SNR of the resulting signal estimate by an amount slightly greater than 10 log (1 + A2?2b/12). Application of this result to the design of a system for digital acquisition and averaging of the acoustic brainstem response indicates that an increase of A/D resolution beyond the first few bits yields little improvement in the SNR of the measurement.
Mildly nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations and their numerical solutoin. II

Abstract : High speed digital computer methods are studied for obtaining solutions of difference equation analogues of mildly nonlinear elliptic boundary value problems. The problem is formulated in terms of finding a vector X which satisfies AX = - f(X) + Y, where A is an irreducible M matrix, Y is a given vector, and f is a given function. Two general iteration techniques and related convergence theorems are explored. The methods and ideas also extend to a large class of ordinary differential equation boundary value problems. (Author)
Aristotle's Cognitive Science: Belief, Affect and Rationality

I offer a novel interpretation of Aristotle's psychology and notion of rationality, which draws the line between animal and specifically human cognition. Aristotle distinguishes belief (doxa), a form of rational cognition, from imagining (phantasia), which is shared with non-rational animals. We are, he says, “immediately affected” by beliefs, but respond to imagining “as if we were looking at a picture.” Aristotle's argument has been misunderstood; my interpretation explains and motivates it. Rationality includes a filter that interrupts the pathways between cognition and behavior. This prevents the subject from responding to certain representations. Stress and damage compromise the filter, making the subject respond indiscriminately, as non-rational animals do. Beliefs are representations that have made it past the filter, which is why they can “affect [us] immediately.” Aristotle's claims express ceteris paribus generalizations, subject to exceptions. No list of provisos could turn them into non-vacuous universal claims, but this does not rob them of their explanatory power. Aristotle's cognitive science resolves a tension we grapple with today: it accounts for the specialness of human action and thinking within a strictly naturalistic framework. The theory is striking in its insight and explanatory power, instructive in its methodological shortcomings.
Energy-efficient signal processing via algorithmic noise-tolerance

In this paper, we propose a framework for low-energy digital signal processing (DSP) where the supply voltage is scaled beyond the critical voltage required to match the critical path delay to the throughput. This deliberate introduction of input-dependent errors leads to degradation in the algorithmic performance, which is compensated for via algorithmic noise-tolerance (ANT) schemes. The resulting setup comprised of the DSP architecture operating at sub-critical voltage and the error control scheme is referred to as soft DSP. It is shown that technology scaling renders the proposed scheme more effective as the delay penalty suffered due to voltage scaling reduces due to short channel effects. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is also enhanced when arithmetic units with a higher "delay-imbalance" are employed. A prediction based error-control scheme is proposed to enhance the performance of the filtering algorithm in presence of errors due to soft computations. For a frequency selective filter, it is shown that the proposed scheme provides 60%-81% reduction in energy dissipation for filter bandwidths up to 0.5 /spl pi/ (where 2 /spl pi/ corresponds to the sampling frequency f/sub s/) over that achieved via conventional voltage scaling, with a maximum of 0.5 dB degradation in the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR/sub o/). It is also shown that the proposed algorithmic noise-tolerance schemes can be used to improve the performance of DSP algorithms in presence of bit-error rates of up to 10/sup -3/ due to deep submicron (DSM) noise.
For Whom the Pell Tolls: The Response of University Tuition to Federal Grants-in-Aid.

Abstract The Pell grant program is the largest federal program for college students, with support to over three million students at more than 6000 institutions. A prominent question in public debate is whether Pell grants tend to be appropriated by universities through increases in tuition—consistent with what is known as the Bennett hypothesis. Based on a panel of 1554 colleges and universities from 1989 to 1996, we find little evidence of the Bennett hypothesis for in-state tuition for public universities. For private universities, though, increases in Pell grants appear to be matched nearly one for one by increases in list (and net) tuition. Results for out-of-state tuition for public universities are similar to those for private universities, suggesting that they behave more like private ones in setting out-of-state tuition. Institutional responses in these latter cases appear at odds with federal grants-in-aid policy.
Clinical diagnosis of lipid disorders.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a major health problem in the United States. In particular, coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in men and women in the United States, as well as in other industrialized countries. Extensive observational epidemiologic data within and between populations have strongly linked such various factors as untreated hypertension, diabetes, cigarette smoking, and lipid abnormalities to the development of CHD. With respect to lipoprotein parameters, elevated total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) have been strongly associated with CHD risk. Emerging evidence suggests that other lipoprotein abnormalities also are associated with premature CHD, including elevated levels of lipoprotein(a), triglyceride-rich lipoproteins such as small very-low-density lipoproteins and intermediate-density lipoproteins, small and dense LDL particles, and the magnitude of postprandial lipemia. Extensive primary and secondary clinical trial evidence has established that favorably altering dyslipidemias through diet and a variety of pharmacologic agents produces clear improvements in CHD end points. The extent of this benefit depends on the presence or absence of clinical atherosclerotic disease, as well as other CHD risk factors, and the severity of one or more lipoprotein abnormalities. CHD patients and individuals with multiple risk factors, but free of clinical CHD, derive the greatest absolute benefit from lipid treatment directed at reducing LDL-C. The dyslipidemias that impart high risk are severely elevated LDL-C (> 200 mg/dL), combined high LDL-C and low HDL-C ( 200 mg/dL with low HDL). The purpose of this review is to aid the primary care physician in identifying these important dyslipidemias and to critically analyze the relative importance of various lipoproteins on atherosclerotic risk.
Ethnic Self-Concept During Middle Childhood

Summary The present study investigated the self-concepts of 432 Euro-, Afro-, and Mexican-American 10-year-old girls. The results indicated that both ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds exert varying degrees of influence on self-concept ratings. The middle-income girls scored significantly higher than the lower-income ones. The middle-income Euros had significantly higher self-concept ratings than their Mexican-American counterparts. No significant difference was found between the ratings of the lower-income girls from the three ethnic groups. The results were discussed in terms of cognitive development, reference group theory, ethnic boundary maintenance, and the ethnic identity movements.
Minimum complexity FIR filters and sparse systolic arrays

The properties of B-spline approximation and the integral/derivative properties of convolution lead to efficient algorithms for the implementation of multidimensional FIR filters. The implementations are of minimum time complexity under the Nyquist criterion. The algorithm can easily be implemented using a sparse systolic array architecture. The resulting B-spline convolvers have much lower circuit complexity than systolic architectures based on conventional convolution algorithms. A two-dimensional hardware implementation based on simplifications of current architectures is presented. >
ANTITHROMBOTIC TREATMENT IN RELATION TO AGE IN PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN NORTH AMERICA (GLORIA-AF PHASE II)

Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or the newer non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are recommended for prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and additional stroke risk factors. To assess changing patterns of antithrombotic therapy, GLORIA-AF Phase II collected data on patients
Histomathematical Analysis of Clinical Specimens: Challenges and Progress

Proteomic analysis of clinical tissue specimens is a difficult undertaking. Described here is a multiplex study of protein expression levels in histological sections of human prostate that addresses many of the associated challenges. Whole-mount sections from 10 prostatectomy specimens were studied using 15 antibodies, immunohistochemical staining, digital imaging, and mathematical analysis of the data sets. The approach was successful in stratifying cell lineages present in the samples based on proteomic patterns, including differentiating normal epithelium from cancer. This strategy likely will be a useful method for extending the number of proteins that can be analyzed in clinical cancer specimens using currently available laboratory techniques.
Effect of an “action” cue on conservation of amount

A modification of Piaget’s conservation task was found to be effective in facilitating conservation responses, with the effect depending on the grade level of Ss. The “actions” procedure, designed to underline the initial equivalence of two discontinuous quantities, facilitated judgments of conservation on the task among kindergarten children. Children at first-grade level had little room to improve on the first task but showed a significant transfer effect to a second task, a conservation task involving continuous quantitites and the usual Genevan procedure.
Gravitational macrosegregation in unidirectionally solidified Lead-tin alloy

Nine small samples of binary lead-tin alloys were solidifed unidirectionally upward, with both cooling rate and thermal gradient being closely controlled. Results presented include thermal measurements, chemical composition measurements, and microstructural characterization. In the six Pb-15 wt pct Sn ingots, normal macrosegregation was observed, with Sn content being highest at the top of the ingot. No significant macrosegretation was noted in the three ingots of nominal composition Sn-15 wt pct Sn.