cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Processing Effects on Microstructure and Superconducting Properties of Sintered YBa2Cu3O6+x

The relationships between the microstructure of sintered YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 6+x} superconductor and processing variables (sintering time, sintering temperature, and oxygen partial pressure) were examined. Large-grained microstructures were obtained in 100 kPa oxygen sintering atmospheres, while fine-grained microstructures were obtained in 2 kPa oxygen. The formation of liquid phases below the peritectic decomposition temperature of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 6+x} was found to have an effect on both the microstructure (as observed by optical and transmission electron microscopy) and the transport critical current density (J{sub c}). The critical current density was found to be highest for sintering below the lowest invariant point, which is a function of the oxygen partial pressure. However, over the range of conditions examined here, there does not appear to be any correlation between microstructural features, such as average grain size and aspect ratio, and the transport J{sub c}.
A Holistic Dataflow-Inspired System Design

Computer systems have undergone a fundamental transformation recently, from single-core processors to devices with increasingly higher core counts within a single chip. The semi-conductor industry now faces the infamous power and utilization walls. To meet these challenges, heterogeneity in design, both at the architecture and technology levels, will be the prevailing approach for energy efficient computing as specialized cores, accelerators, etc., can eliminate the energy overheads of general-purpose homogeneous cores. However, with future technological challenges pointing in the direction of on-chip heterogeneity, and because of the traditional difficulty of parallel programming, it becomes imperative to produce new system software stacks that can take advantage of the heterogeneous hardware. As a case in point, the core count per chip continues to increase dramatically while the available on-chip memory per core is only getting marginally bigger. Thus, data locality, already a must-have in high-performance computing, will become even more critical as memory technology progresses. In turn, this makes it crucial that new execution models be developed to better exploit the trends of future heterogeneous computing in many-core chips. To solve these issues, we propose a cross-cutting cross-layer approach to address the challenges posed by future heterogeneous many-core chips.
Jet aircraft noise and bird strikes: Why more birds are being hit

Abstract The noise levels of departing and landing aircraft were examined as a function of type of aircraft at J.F. Kennedy International Airport in New York. In general, the wide-bodied aircraft (Boeing 747, L1011, DC10) were significantly quieter than the old-type, narrow-bodied aircraft (Boeing 707, 727). Noise levels varied when approaching planes were different distances from the test site. Noise levels did not rise significantly higher than pre-departure levels until the planes were between 600 and 800 m from the test site, and the planes traversed this distance in an average of 9–14 s. For landing planes, the narrow-bodied planes were significantly louder than the wide-bodied planes at touchdown, only 600 m from the test site. Wide-bodied planes had significantly more bird strikes than the narrow-bodied aircraft. These results indicate that birds have less warning of an approaching wide-bodied aircraft than they have for narrow-bodied aircraft. The bird's behaviour of facing and flying into the wind (in the same direction as the airplane is moving) increases the perception and decreases the flight speed of the bird, and increases the risk of a bird strike (particularly for the wide-bodied aircraft).
Genetic and metabolic control of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and reactive oxygen intermediate production in HIV disease.

Redox mechanims play important roles in replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and cellular susceptibility to apoptosis signals. Viral replication and accelerated turnover of CD4+ T cells occur throughout a prolonged asymptomatic phase in patients infected by HIV-1. Disease development is associated with steady loss of CD4+ T cells by apoptosis, increased rate of opportunistic infections and lymphoproliferative diseases, disruption of energy metabolism, and generalized wasting. Such pathological states are preceded by: (i) depletion of intracellular antioxidants, glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (TRX), (ii) increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and (iii) changes in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm). Disruption of ΔΨm appears to be the point of no return in the effector phase of apoptosis. Viral proteins Tat, Nef, Vpr, protease, and gp120, have been implicated in initiation and/or intensification of oxidative stress and disruption of ΔΨm. Redox-sensitive transcr...
Arborization of axons in oculomotor nucleus identified by vestibular stimulation and intra-axonal injection of horseradish peroxidase.

Axons in the medial rectus (MR) subdivisions of the oculomotor nucleus were identified by horizontal rotation and by electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerves and abducens nuclei. Three types of axons (vestibular type I and II and abducens interneurons) were then injected intra-axonally with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Each injected axon was reconstructed under the microscope in the frontal and horizontal planes and terminal arborization and boutons contacting with MR motoneurons were studied. The MR motoneurons were identified by retrograde uptake of HRP, HRP being injected in the MR muscle prior to the intra-axonal experiment. The main types of horizontal canal-related axons were as follows: (1) ATD-unilateral termination axons: Most type I axons were of this type. Axons ascended in ascending tract of Deiters (ATD) to the oculomotor nucleus and terminated in ipsilateral MR area. (2) ATD-bilateral termination axons: Very few secondary canal responsive axons were in this group. Axons ascended in ATD to the oculomotor nucleus and terminated in MR motoneuron areas bilaterally and in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus. (3) MLF-bilateral termination axons: Most type II neurons were in this group. Axons went up in the contralateral MLF and into both oculomotor nuclei. Their branches distributed to several motoneuron areas but only infrequently to the MR area; and to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus. (4) AB interneuron axons: Axons ascended in the MLF contralateral to cells of origin and terminated in the contralateral MR motoneuron area.
Reply to the Letter "A Supplement to 'The Historical Origins of Stereochemical Line and Wedge Symbolism'"

This is a reply to the recent letter of Andrew Dicks on the subject of stereochemical line and wedge symbolism.
Estimation of the fraction of the dose of N-nitrosodimethylamine metabolized to methylamine in rats.

Abstract Despite many years of research on the metabolism of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in rats, the significance of enzymatic denitrosation as a pathway remains unclear. To assess the role of this pathway of metabolism in rats, animals were administered NDMA by intravenous infusion at two infusion rates until steady state was achieved and the concentrations of NDMA (Css,NDMA) and methylamine (MA) (Css,MA), a product of the enzymatic denitrosation pathway, were determined in plasma. The clearance of NDMA (ClNDMA) from plasma was determined by dividing the infusion rate by Css,MA. The plasma clearance of MA (ClNDMA) was determined in a separate experiment. The fraction of the dose of NDMA metabolized by enzymatic denitrosation (fm) was calculated using the equation f m = (C ss,MA ∗ Cl MA ) (C ss,NDMA ∗ Cl NDMA ) . By this method it was estimated that 29% of the dose of NDMA was metabolized via the enzymatic denitrosation pathway. Thus enzymatic denitrosation is an important pathway in the metabolism of NDMA in rats.
P-Glycoprotein in Clinical Cardiology

Ever since Juliano and Ling first described P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in 1975,1 it has become an important focus of research. P-gp is a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of proteins that is highly conserved in distantly related species (from simple eukaryotes to vertebrates).2 These similarities across species suggest that P-gp plays an important role in physiological processes in normal cells. One established function is its active transport of drugs out of the cell against a concentration gradient using ATP as an energy source, which is unusual because unlike most energy-dependent pumps, it has very little substrate specificity. Humans have 2 known P-gp encoding genes, MDR1 (class I) and MDR2 (class III), both localized in chromosome 7.3 The first has been associated with the phenomenon of multiple drug resistance (MDR),4 and the second serves to transport phospholipids into the bile.5 Cloning and sequencing of the MDR gene led to the identification of the composition and structure of P-gp,6 which consists of 2 membrane-bound domains (each with 6 transmembrane segments) and 2 nucleotide-binding domains that bind and hydrolyze ATP.4 The initial and major emphasis of P-gp research was to explain the occurrence of multidrug resistance in tumors that were initially exposed to a single drug and with time developed resistance to a wide range of other unrelated drugs. Concurrent with the investigation of tumor drug resistance, there have been studies linking this MDR protein with phase I and phase II drug biotransformations,7 and others have examined the expression and function of P-gp in chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum , the causative organism of malaria.8 A new focus of interest has been the study of the role of P-gp …
Determining immune components necessary for progression of pigment dispersing disease to glaucoma in DBA/2J mice

The molecular mechanisms causing pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) and the pathway(s) by which it progresses to pigmentary glaucoma are not known. Mutations in two melanosomal protein genes (Tyrp1 b and Gpnmb R150X ) are responsible for pigment dispersing iris disease, which progresses to intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and subsequent glaucoma in DBA/2J mice. Melanosomal defects along with ocular immune abnormalities play a role in the propagation of pigment dispersion and progression to IOP elevation. Here, we tested the role of specific immune components in the progression of the iris disease and high IOP. We tested the role of NK cells in disease etiology by genetically modifying the B6.D2-Gpnmb R150X Tyrp1 b strain, which develops the same iris disease as DBA/2J mice. Our findings demonstrate that neither diminishing NK mediated cytotoxic activity (Prf1 mutation) nor NK cell depletion (Il2rg mutation) has any influence on the severity or timing of Gpnmb R150X Tyrp1 b mediated iris disease. Since DBA/2J mice are deficient in CD94, an important immune modulator that often acts as an immune suppressor, we generated DBA/2J mice sufficient in CD94. Sufficiency of CD94 failed to alter either the iris disease or the subsequent IOP elevation. Additionally CD94 status had no detected effect on glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Our previous data implicate immune components in the manifestation of pigment dispersion and/or IOP elevation in DBA/2J mice. The current study eliminates important immune components, specifically NK cells and CD94 deficiency, as critical in the progression of iris disease and glaucoma. This narrows the field of possible immune components responsible for disease progression.
Fusion glycoprotein of human parainfluenza virus type 3: nucleotide sequence of the gene, direct identification of the cleavage-activation site, and comparison with other paramyxoviruses.

Abstract The complete sequences of the fusion (F) mRNA and protein of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (PF3) were determined from overlapping cDNA clones. To confirm the cDNA sequence, the complete sequence of the F gene was determined independently by dideoxynucleotide sequencing of genomic RNA using synthetic oligonucleotide primers. The mRNA contains 1845 nucleotides, exclusive of poly (A), has an unusually long (193-nucleotide) 5′ nontranslated region, and encodes an F 0 protein of 539 amino acids. The site within F 0 of the proteolytic cleavage that activates fusion activity was established by direct amino acid sequencing of the NH 2 terminus of the F 1 subunit. The PF3 F 0 protein shares major structural features with the previously sequenced F 0 proteins of Sendai virus (murine parainfluenza type 1) and simian virus 5 (SV5, canine parainfluenza type 2), including: similarity in overall length; similarity in location of the site of the activating proteolytic cleavage; the presence of an NH 2 -terminal signal peptide and COOH-proximal membrane anchor; strong conservation of the sequence at the NH 2 terminus of the F 1 subunit; and nearly exact conservation in the number and positions of cysteine residues. Alignment of the F 0 protein sequences of PF3 with those of Sendai, SV5, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) using a matrix that stores both amino acid matches and mismatches provided highly significant statistical evidence that all four proteins are related. The order of decreasing relatedness to PF3 was found to be: Sendai virus, SV5, and RSV.
The impact of shifts to elevated irradiance on the growth and photochemical activity of the harmful algae Chattonella subsalsa and Prorocentrum minimum from Delaware

Abstract The physiological impact of short and long-term shifts from low to high light intensity (30–600 μmol photons m−2 s−1) was assessed for the harmful blooming raphidophyte, Chattonella subsalsa and dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum minimum, isolated from the inland bays of Delaware. Analysis of photochemical activity by active chlorophyll fluorescence indicated a significant decline in the photochemical capacity of photosystem II (PSII), Fv/Fm, in both algal species when shifted to high light, with a greater decline noted in P. minimum. While there was no significant difference in the effective quantum yield in the light acclimated state ( Δ F / F m ′ ) under high light between these algae, there were differences in how light energy was utilized between the two species. P. minimum displayed a typical upregulation in light energy dissipation via nonphotochemical pathways by significant elevated nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching and a rapid reduction in electron transport with increasing immediate light exposure. Low light acclimated C. subsalsa maintained greater electron transport during short term high light exposure, and showed minimal change in nonphotochemical energy dissipation despite higher excitation pressure placed upon PSII when shifted to high light for several days. C. subsalsa displayed a significantly higher growth rate than P. minimum following the shift of unialgal cultures from low to high light, while both species grew at equivalent rates when cultured together and shifted to high light. Results from these experiments and analysis of loss and subsequent recovery of PSII in the presence and absence of chloroplast protein translation suggest that during shifts to high light P. minimum relies heavily on photosystem turnover and repair as well as nonphotochemical dissipation most likely from xanthophyll cycle activity. Meanwhile, C. subsalsa appears to down-regulate the number of functional PSII reaction centers yet maintains photochemical activity through lowered electron transport to avoid potential photoinhibition.
Science fiction in computer science education

The use of science fiction (SF) to engage students in computer science learning is becoming more popular [1-6]. There is ample material available to help both undergraduate and graduate students make connections between technical content and human experience, from Star Trek to The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy to 2001: A Space Odyssey to I, Robot and many others. Fiction can be included in technical courses or used to draw students into the field in introductory classes. The panelists, who represent a range of schools, perspectives and classes, will present brief overviews (5-8 minutes) of how they have used science fiction to engage students in technical topics as well as ethical and societal issues related to computing. After the overviews, there will be plenty of time for discussion of examples used within the community and ways to make connections between science fiction and particular classes or topics. We will be gathering additional examples from the discussion and making them available online.
Universal Design for Learning (UDL) in Library Instruction

This article introduces Universal Design for Learning (UDL), an emerging paradigm to “design course instruction, materials, and content to benefit people of all learning styles without adaption or retrofitting.” The study explores multiple UDL principles that could be applied to library instruction by providing a lesson plan in general and one focusing on teaching Boolean Logic. The article presents data and analyzes surveys to evaluate the impact these have on teaching effectiveness. The results of the survey suggest that a simple adoption of UDL can help students master search skills effectively.
Altered postural modulation of Hoffmann reflex in the soleus and fibularis longus associated with chronic ankle instability

Our purpose was to assess Hoffmann (H) reflex modulations of the soleus and fibularis longus in three body positions (prone, bipedal and unipedal stances) in subjects with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI). Sixteen subjects with unilateral CAI and 15 healthy controls participated. Maximum H-reflexes and motor (M) waves were recorded bilaterally from the soleus and fibularis longus while subjects lied prone and then stood in quiet bipedal and unipedal stances. Maximum H-reflexes were normalized to maximum M waves to obtain H(max):M(max) ratios for the three positions. H-reflex modulations, for each muscle, were quantified as the percent change scores in H(max):M(max) ratios between each pair of positions: prone to bipedal, bipedal to unipedal, and prone to unipedal. There were significant group by limb interactions found for all three modulations (P < 0.05) for the soleus. In the CAI group, soleus modulations in involved limbs were significantly lower than in uninvolved limbs and both limbs in the controls. For the fibularis longus, similar results were found for the bipedal to unipedal and prone to unipedal modulations. Constrained ability of the sensorimotor system to down regulate H-reflex in more demanding postures may represent a potential mechanism of postural control deficits associated with CAI.
On the structure of biharmonic functions satisfying the clamped plate conditions on a right angle

Let u(r,@q) be biharmonic and bounded in the circular sector |@q| 1) and vanish together with @du@d@q when |@q| = @p4. We consider the transform u@^(p,@q) = @K"0^1r^p^ ^-^ ^1u(r,@q)dr. We show that for any fixed @q"0u(p,@q"0) is meromorphic with no real poles and cannot be entire unless u(r, @q"0) = 0. It follows then from a theorem of Doetsch that u(r, @q"0) either vanishes identically or oscillates as r -> 0.
Field Evaluation of a Dual-Channel Microwave Radiometer Designed for Measurements of Integrated Water Vapor and Cloud Liquid Water in the Atmosphere

Abstract The dual-channel microwave radiometer is evaluated in regard to the measurement of integrated water vapor and supercooled liquid water. The study includes comparisons of integrated vapor content measured by the radiometer and rawinsondes as part of the Sierra Cooperative Pilot Project in the central Sierra Nevada. In addition, two radiometers with virtually identical characteristics were brought together on the Colorado Orographic Seeding Experiment at Steamboat Springs, Colorado, in order to study the stability and comparability of integrated vapor and liquid measurements. Comparison of vapor measurements by the radiometer and by rawinsonde yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.94, and a rms difference of 0.08 cm. There were no significant differences between results for paired data gathered in storms in the presence of supercooled liquid water and for paired data gathered on clear days under more ideal conditions. The collocated-radiometer experiment showed slightly closer agreement than did t...
Specific small nuclear RNAs are associated with yeast spliceosomes

Abstract Two different methods have been devised for the analysis and purification of spliceosomes formed in a yeast in vitro splicing system. The first method relies on the electrophoretic separation of ribonucleoprotein particles in composite acrylamide-agarose gels. A large fraction of added substrate is located in spliceosomes, the formation of which can be shown to be dependent on the presence of both a yeast 5′ splice junction and a TACTAAC box on the RNA substrate. The second method relies on oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatography of spliceosomes formed with a polyadenylated substrate. Purification of spliceosomes by either method indicates that at least three small nuclear RNAs, approximately 160, 185, and 215 nucleotides in length, are specifically associated with yeast spliceosomes.
Oral epithelial dysplasia and the development of invasive squamous cell carcinoma

Oral epithelial dysplasia, the histopathologic marker of a premalignant disorder of the mouth mucosa, may present clinically as leukoplakia, erythroplakia, or leukoerythroplakia. Its presence in lesions of the oral mucosa is predictive by a variable rate (6.6% to 36%) of transformation to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. We studied the clinical features and microscopic slides of 308 case of oral epithelial dysplasia in our biopsy service and retrospectively evaluated 44 of these with follow-up data for transformation to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Forty-four patients had follow-up of more than 6 months with a mean follow-up time of 18.4 months. Twenty (45%) were clinically free of disease and 15 (34%) had recurrence of the dysplasia. An additional two cases of lower grades of the disease recurred as carcinoma in situ. Invasive squamous cell carcinoma developed in seven (16%) in a mean transformation time of 33.6 months.
Supernormal conduction and linking in an accessory AV pathway.

1 IntroductionSpontaneous intermittent block over an accessory pathwaymanifested as alternating QRS complexes of pre-excitedand normally conducted beats suggests a prolonged ante-grade refractory period [1]. Similarly, sudden loss of thedelta wave during exercise [2] is also considered evidenceof prolonged refractoriness over an accessory A–Vpathway. However, the antegrade refractory period of anaccessory A–V pathway is not the only determinant ofconduction over bypass tracts. Two other important butfrequently overlooked electrophysiologic mechanismsmodulate conduction over accessory A–V pathways:supernormal conduction [3]andlinking[4] between thenormal conduction system and the accessory A–Vpathway.We present a patient that, despite intermittent preexcita-tion at rest and loss of preexcitation during exercise, had anaccessory A–V pathway able to conduct at fast rates asdemonstrated during the electrophysiology study. Bothsupernormal conduction and the linking phenomenonaccounted for this unexpected behavior.2 Case reportAn 18-year-old asymptomatic male with a structurallynormal heart was found to have intermittent ventricular
Animal Nutrition in Relation to Secondary Production

The constant need to replenish dwindling energy resources compels the animal's day-to-day attack upon its food supply. Of the energy taken in through its food the animal loses a large percentage as non-productive energy while only a small fraction goes into the production of high-energy chemical compounds, some of which are retained as growth and the remainder discarded back to the environment. The non-productive energy is lost as wastes eliminated from the body, as respiration of symbionts and host, and as frictional heat. Energy flow through the individual organism is represented in a flow diagram which may serve as a model for relating future investigations. Several methods for evaluating the intake of food in natural populations are given, and factors which influence food-intake and feeding are discussed. Energy flow through natural communities presents complex analytical problems because of the diversity and nutritional flexibility of the consumer species, factors important in maintaining community stability. For all the complexity, however, there appears to be a common pattern discernible in the trophic organization of different communities. A new model for representing energy flow through communities is presented and illustrated with the common pattern of community trophic organization.
Satire, Punch Lines, and the Nightly News: Untangling Media Effects on Political Participation

Research often collapses programming like The Daily Show, The Colbert Report, The Late Show, and The Tonight Show into one category of programming. However, recent research suggests that both the content and effects of viewing these programs differ. This study separates satire or parody and traditional late-night comedy to examine effects of viewing on political participation. Results suggest that viewing satire or parody has positive and significant effects on political participation through the mediator of political efficacy, as does viewing traditional TV news. However, this relationship is not borne out for viewers of traditional late-night comedy. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Effects of treatment with suppressive combination antiretroviral drug therapy and the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid; (SAHA) on SIV-infected Chinese rhesus macaques.

Objectives: Viral reservoirs–persistent residual virus despite combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)–remain an obstacle to cure of HIV-1 infection. Difficulty studying reservoirs in patients underscores the need for animal models that mimics HIV infected humans on cART. We studied SIV-infected Chinese-origin rhesus macaques (Ch-RM) treated with intensive combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and 3 weeks of treatment with the histone deacetyalse inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA). Methods: SIVmac251 infected Ch-RM received reverse transcriptase inhibitors PMPA and FTC and integrase inhibitor L870812 beginning 7 weeks post infection. Integrase inhibitor L-900564 and boosted protease inhibitor treatment with Darunavir and Ritonavir were added later. cART was continued for 45 weeks, with daily SAHA administered for the last 3 weeks, followed by euthanasia/necropsy. Plasma viral RNA and cell/tissue-associated SIV gag RNA and DNA were quantified by qRT-PCR/qPCR, with flow cytometry monitoring changes in immune cell populations. Results: Upon cART initiation, plasma viremia declined, remaining ,30 SIV RNA copy Eq/ml during cART, with occasional blips. Decreased viral replication was associated with decreased immune activation and partial restoration of intestinal CD4+ T cells. SAHA was well tolerated but did not result in demonstrable treatment-associated changes in plasma or cell associated viral parameters. Conclusions: The ability to achieve and sustain virological suppression makes cART-suppressed, SIV-infected Ch-RM a potentially useful model to evaluate interventions targeting residual virus. However, despite intensive cART over one year, persistent viral DNA and RNA remained in tissues of all three animals. While well tolerated, three weeks of SAHA treatment did not demonstrably impact viral RNA levels in plasma or tissues; perhaps reflecting dosing, sampling and assay limitations. Citation: Ling B, Piatak M Jr, Rogers L, Johnson A-M, Russell-Lodrigue K, et al. (2014) Effects of Treatment with Suppressive Combination Antiretroviral Drug Therapy and the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid; (SAHA) on SIV-Infected Chinese Rhesus Macaques. PLoS ONE 9(7): e102795.
Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

Gilliam recognized subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) as a lupus-specific eruption that identifies a unique subset of lupus erythematosus. These patients were noted to have prominent photoaggravated skin disease and often had musculoskeletal complaints, but generally did not develop significant systemic disease. SCLE patients were later found to have other distinctive features, including the frequent presence of anti-Ro antibodies, and enrichment for the human histocompatibility antigens (HLA) B8 and DR3. In the 13 years of published reports of SCLE patients following the initial study by Sontheimer et al (Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a cutaneous marker for a distinct lupus erythematosus subset. Arch Dermatol 115:1409–1415, 1979) a number of additional observations regarding SCLE patients have been made. These have included the recognition that SCLE may be associated with other rheumatic diseases, and that photoactive medications may induce lesions of SCLE. Areas of controversy concerning SCLE include conflicting studies regarding the histopathology of SCLE as compared to discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), as well as the frequency of detection of anti-Ro antibodies in SCLE patients. Recent interesting studies of SCLE include a description of a unique pattern of immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposition on direct immunofluorescence, which may indicate the binding of anti-Ro antibodies to keratinocytes in vivo. J Invest Dermatol 100:2S-8S, 1993
Effects of partial evolution of H from a-Si:H on the infrared vibrational spectra and the photoluminescence

Abstract H-evolution vs. T in a-Si:H often displays two features near 300°C and 600°C. Evolution of H at 390°C and subsequent redetermination of the evolution vs. T characteristic removes the 300°C feature without affecting other features. IR measurements show that the peaks at 2090, 2000, 890 and 850 cm −1 are reduced uniformly. Thus, the assignments of the 2090 cm −1 peak and the 300°C feature to SiH 2 complexes cannot both be correct. IR spectra of one sample annealed at 265 and 310°C show no reduction in peak intensity, implying that the evolved H was IR inactive. The same anneals do affect the energy of the PL peak, indicating that this H does influence the EDOS.
Risk of thromboembolism in new onset or transient atrial fibrillation.

Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF), potentially serious cardiac arrhythmia, occurs in 2% to 4% of persons greater than 60 years of age. The risk of systemic thromboembolism from chronic AF has long been recognized. Little is known about the thromboembolic risk of new onset Af. However, the results of prior studies support a significant risk of thromboembolism because of recent onset or paroxysmal AF. The mechanism of thrombus formation, embolization, and resolution in AF is illdefined, particularly that of new onset. The traditional concept holds that atrial thrombus forms only after greater than 2 days of AF and embolizes by dislodgement from increases in shear forces. This prevailing concept further proposes that newly formed atrial thrombus, in the setting of AF, organizes over a span of 14 days. The results of recent transesophageal echocardiographic studies have given insight into the temporal sequence of atrial thrombus formation, embolization, and resolution in AF and have expanded the traditional concept of thromboembolism in AF. Namely, left atrial thrombus may form before the onset of AF in the face of sinus rhythm. Conversion to sinus rhythm may increase the thrombogenic millieu of the left atrium. Importantly, atrial thrombus may form in the acute phase of AF. Lastly, thrombus may require more than 14 days to become immobile or to resolve. On the basis of these emerging insights by transesophageal echocardiography, it appears appropriate to consider anticoagulation in patients presenting with new onset or acute AF.
NERVE SPARING RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY: EFFECTS OF HEMOSTATIC ENERGY SOURCES ON THE RECOVERY OF CAVERNOUS NERVE FUNCTION IN A CANINE MODEL

ABSTRACTPurpose: To preserve sexual function following radical prostatectomy, one must avoid injury to the neurovascular bundles (NVBs). In the conventional open surgical technique, the use of energy sources for hemostasis is avoided to prevent damage to the cavernous nerves. In contrast, during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, electrosurgical and ultrasonic energy sources are frequently used for hemostasis during dissection of the prostate. In this study, we evaluated the acute and chronic physiological effects of various hemostatic energy sources on cavernous nerve function in the canine model.Materials and Methods: A total of 12 dogs were divided into 4 groups based on the type of energy source used for hemostasis during unilateral dissection of the NVB. The groups included conventional dissection with suture ligatures (group 1), monopolar (group 2) or bipolar (group 3) electrosurgery and ultrasonic shears (group 4). The contralateral NVB was left undissected as a control. Erectile function was asse...
Angular velocity in heated rotating nuclei

Abstract For a heated rotating nucleus, the angular velocity is equal to one-half the γ-ray transition energy if and only if the band E ( I ) follows a trajectory of constant entropy.
Measurement of an Antigen–Antibody Reaction by a Static Method utilizing a Porous Gel

Using radioactively labelled markers of high and low molecular weight, as well as radioactive ligand, it has been shown that binding of antibody to hen egg lysozyme is nearly complete.
Testing supersymmetric grand unified models of inflation

Abstract We reconsider a class of well motivated supersymmetric models in which inflation is associated with the breaking of a gauge symmetry G to H, with the symmetry breaking scale M∼1016 GeV. Starting with a renormalizable superpotential, we include both radiative and supergravity corrections to derive the inflationary potential. The scalar spectral index ns can exceed unity in some cases, and it cannot be smaller than 0.98 if the number of e-foldings corresponding to the present horizon scale is around 60. Two distinct variations of this scenario are discussed in which non-renormalizable terms allowed by the symmetries are included in the superpotential, and one finds ns⩾0.97. The models discussed feature a tensor to scalar ratio r≲10−4, while dns/dlnk≲10−3. If G corresponds to SO(10) or one of its rank five subgroups, the observed baryon asymmetry is naturally explained via leptogenesis.
Tulip bulb dermatitis

Abstract A case of tulip bulb dermatitis of the hands is described. The toxic reacting substance was present in the ether soluble fraction of the plant and absent from the albumin and globulin fractions.
Is gesture-speech mismatch a general index of transitional knowledge?

Abstract When asked to explain their beliefs about a concept, some children produce gestures that convey different information from the information conveyed in their speech (i.e., gesture-speech mismatches). Moreover, it is precisely the children who produce a large proportion of gesture-speech mismatches in their explanations of a concept who are particularly “ready” to benefit from instruction in that concept, and thus may be considered to be in a transitional state with respect to the concept. Church and Goldin-Meadow (1986) and Perry, Church and Goldin-Meadow (1988) studied this phenomenon with respect to two different concepts at two different ages and found that gesture-speech mismatch reliability predicts readiness to learn in both domains. In an attempt to test further the generality of gesture-speech mismatch as an index of transitional knowledge, Stone, Webb, and Mahootian (1991) explored this phenomenon in a group of 15-year-olds working on a problem-solving task. On this task, however, gesture-speech mismatch was not found to predict transitional knowledge. We present here a theoretical framework, which makes it clear why we expect gesture-speech mismatch to be a general index of transitional knowledge, and then use this framework to motivate our methodological practices for establishing gesture-speech mismatch as a predictor of transitional knowledge. Finally, we present evidence suggesting that, if these practices had been used by Stone et al., they too would have found that gesture-speech mismatch predicts transitional knowledge.
Thin phytoplankton layer formation at eddies, filaments, and fronts in a coastal upwelling zone

Abstract On two cruises in August and September 2003 (hereafter cruises 2 and 3) during wind relaxations and transitions to upwelling conditions, thin layers of phytoplankton were observed in or a few meters below the stratified transition layer at the mixed layer base and in regions of sheared flow on the flanks of eddies, filaments, and fronts near Monterey Bay, California. On an earlier cruise in August (cruise 1), no thin layers were found after a prolonged wind relaxation. Chlorophyll concentrations and shear were both an order of magnitude less than on cruises 2 and 3. Our vertical profiles were made using a fluorometer mounted on a conductivity–temperature–depth package, which was lowered from the ship as slowly as 0.25 m s - 1 every 10 km on five ∼ 80 -km cross-shore transects. Remotely sensed sea-surface temperature, chlorophyll, and currents are required to understand the temporal and spatial evolution of the circulation and to interpret the quasi-synoptic in situ data. Decorrelation scales are ∼ 20 km from lagged temperature and salinity covariances. Objectively mapped sections of the in situ data indicate the waters containing thin layers were recently upwelled at either the Point Sur or Point Ano Nuevo upwelling centers. Spatially limited distributions of phytoplankton at the coastal upwelling centers ( ∼ 40 km alongshore, 20 km cross-shore, and 30 m thick) were transformed into thin layers by current shear and isolated from wind-driven vertical mixing by the stratification maximum of the transition layer. Vertically sheared horizontal currents on the flanks of the eddies, filaments, and fronts horizontally stretched and vertically thinned phytoplankton distributions. These thin, elongated structures were then observed as thin layers of phytoplankton in vertical fluorescence profiles at four stations on cruise 2 and eight stations on cruise 3. Light winds during relaxations did not mix away these thin layers. On cruise 2, thin layers were found at eddies at the inshore and offshore ends of a 100-km-long filament, while broader subsurface chlorophyll maxima were found along the filament. This result suggests that higher-resolution sampling along and across a filament may find thin layers forming and dissipating along its length. On cruise 3, thin layers were found at three adjacent stations across an upwelling front and may have extended continuously for > 20 km , but neither species composition nor bio-optical data are available to confirm this conjecture. The thin layers were 1–5 m thick in the vertical at full width half maximum and had peak fluorescence values from 7 – 30 mg m - 3 . (Bottle chlorophyll samples showed fluorometer chlorophyll readings may have been 1.3 – 1.5 × too large, but the scatter in this relation was considerable especially at the larger fluorescence values detected in thin layers.) While sheared currents thinned an initially thick subsurface chlorophyll maximum into thin layers, the peak values in these thin layers exceeded concentrations in the upwelled source waters and were unexplained by our data.
Dose-dependent hormonal induction of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in castrated dogs.

A model for the dose-dependent hormonal induction of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in castrated dogs has been established using subcutaneously implanted Silastic capsules containing 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol) and estradiol-17 beta. In vivo release rates per capsule approximated 122.0 +/- 4.2 micrograms 3 alpha-diol and 22.7 +/- 0.8 micrograms estradiol per day based on in vitro studies and resulted in dose-dependent increases in serum 3 alpha-diol and dihydrotestosterone concentrations. The implantation of castrated dogs with either 10 or 20 Silastic capsules containing 3 alpha-diol and one capsule containing estradiol or the intramuscular injection of 3 alpha-diol (75 mg/week) and estradiol (0.75 mg/week) for 99 days significantly increased (P less than .01) prostatic weights and total prostatic DNA over intact controls. These treatments also resulted in a histomorphological pattern similar to that observed in dogs with the glandular form of spontaneous BPH. In addition, normal prostatic secretory function as determined by semen volume was maintained in these dogs. Although subcutaneous implantation of five Silastic capsules containing 3 alpha-diol and one capsule containing estradiol into castrated dogs resulted in prostatic weights and total prostatic DNA that were similar (P less than .10) to intact controls, these prostates were characterized histomorphologically by glandular atrophy and squamous metaplasia. Furthermore, prostatic secretory function was decreased (P less than .05) in these animals compared with intact controls at 3 months of treatment. This study has led to the development of a model of steroid-induced BPH that will facilitate the evaluation of competitive androgen-receptor antagonists in the dog.
High-efficiency push-pull magnetic amplifiers with transistors as switched rectifiers

In many magnetic amplifiers, push-pull action is used to obtain outputs that depend in polarity (or phase) on the signal polarity (or phase).1,2,3
Formalism over Function: Compulsion, Courts, and the Rise of Educational Formalism in America, 1870–1930:

Background/ContextThough the impact of the legal system in shaping public education over the last sixty years is unquestioned, scholars have largely overlooked the impact of the legal system on the...
Structure, aerodynamics, and geometry of premixed flamelets

Abstract Recent advances in the understanding of the structure, dynamics, and geometry of laminar premixed flames under the influence of stretch, as manifested by aerodynamic straining, flame curvature, and flame/flow unsteadiness, are reviewed and presented in a tutorial manner. The discussion first treats the flame as a structureless surface which propagates into the fresh mixture with a constant velocity—the laminar flame speed, and the phenomena of cusp formation and volumetric burning rate augmentation through flame wrinkling are demonstrated. It is then shown that by considering the effects of stretch on the flame structure, and by allowing for mixture nonequidiffusion, the flame responses, especially the flame speed, can be quantitatively as well as qualitatively modified. By using the stretch-affected flame speed, we then describe the phenomena of cusp broadening, of tip opening of the Bunsen flame, and of the intrinsic hydrodynamic, body-force and diffusional—thermal modes of flamefront cellular instabilities. Additional topics covered include forced and intrinsic oscillatory flame dynamics, and quantitative extraction of the global flame parameters represented by the activation energy, the Markstein length, and the Lewis number.
The Enclosure of Open Fields: Preface to a Study of Its Impact on the Efficiency of English Agriculture in the Eighteenth Century

In 1700 much of the land of England was farmed under the ancient system of open fields. With its three great fields planted in a communally regulated rotation of crops, its common meadows and wastes, and its mixture of holdings in hundreds of strips less than acre each, this apparently inefficient system had characterized the agriculture of northern and eastern Europe for centuries. In England it had never been universal and had from an early date been subject to erosion at the edges, giving way by agreement among tenants and by compulsion from landlords to compact enclosure. Yet in 1700 a broad swath of England from the North Sea across the Midlands to the Channel exhibited the system in a more or less complete form. A century and a half later, 5,000-odd acts of Parliament and at least an equal number of voluntary agreements had swept it away, transforming numerous and vague rights of use to open fields, commons, and waste into unambiguous rights of ownership to enclosed plots, free of village direction. The enclosure movement, particularly its climax in the sixty years of intense parliamentary activity after 1760, has long been among the dozen or so central concerns of British economic and social historians, a concern warranted by the importance of the event: through the statistical haze one can discern that something on the order of half the agricultural land of England was enclosed during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Changes in Transferable Knowledge Resulting from Study in a Graduate Software Engineering Curriculum

This paper presents the initial results of a study of the evolution of students' knowledge of software engineering from the beginning to the end of a master's degree curriculum in software engineering. Students were presented with a problem involving the initiation of a complex new project at the beginning of the program and again at the end of the program's formal coursework. After considering the problem each time, students were asked what questions they had as the senior software engineer, which software engineering processes need to be put into place, and to enumerate any other issues they saw. Statistical analysis indicates that their enumeration of software processes in the post condition is very significantly richer than in the pre condition. They also gave significantly more responses about requirements, design, and engineering management in the post condition. Qualitative analysis suggests that the students' questions in these areas were also more sophisticated in the post condition, suggesting, in accordance with the theory of "transfer as preparation for future learning," that they are moving along a trajectory towards expertise.
Environmental Mercury and Its Toxic Effects

Mercury exists naturally and as a man-made contaminant. The release of processed mercury can lead to a progressive increase in the amount of atmospheric mercury, which enters the atmospheric-soil-water distribution cycles where it can remain in circulation for years. Mercury poisoning is the result of exposure to mercury or mercury compounds resulting in various toxic effects depend on its chemical form and route of exposure. The major route of human exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) is largely through eating contaminated fish, seafood, and wildlife which have been exposed to mercury through ingestion of contaminated lower organisms. MeHg toxicity is associated with nervous system damage in adults and impaired neurological development in infants and children. Ingested mercury may undergo bioaccumulation leading to progressive increases in body burdens. This review addresses the systemic pathophysiology of individual organ systems associated with mercury poisoning. Mercury has profound cellular, cardiovascular, hematological, pulmonary, renal, immunological, neurological, endocrine, reproductive, and embryonic toxicological effects.
Optimal design of survivable LAN-LAN networks

Networks of local area networks (LANs) interconnected by bridges are modeled. A formulation for optimally designing LAN-LAN networks for survivability in the event of any one link (bridge or connecting communication line) failure is provided. The resulting mixed integer program is solved using a heuristic technique. Preliminary results for a four-LAN case are provided to highlight the problem and the heuristic technique. >