cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modelling of menu design in computerized work

Abstract The objective of the research was to propose and validate a theoretically meaningful link between three constructs of hierarchical menu design: menu dimension, task complexity, and user knowledge structure. Twenty-four subjects participated in a nested factorial experiment. The subjects performed a menu retrieval task using a hierarchical menu system constructed for use in the domain of utility boiler control. The dependent variables were time to respond and accuracy. The independent variables were menu dimension, task complexity and user knowledge structure. Four hypotheses were tested. The foundation of the hypotheses was based upon the premise that when task complexity is low, the short-term memory requirements of the menu retrieval task are low. Thus, the user's knowledge structure will not affect performance because it is not required for the chunking of visual information. The objectives of this research were met and are presented in the context of an information processing model for psychomotor tasks.
Corporate Governance in a Competitive Environment

We examine a …rm’s corporate governance choices within a competitive environment. A …rm can choose a delegating board that assigns decision rights to the executive manager or an investigating board that retains these rights. A …rm also chooses the strength of its internal control system. We characterize the equilibrium governance choices and …nd that the presence of a competitor increases the likelihood that a …rm chooses a delegating board. We discuss how
Seasonal dynamics of Urophora quadrifasciata on spotted knapweed in the Arkansas Ozarks.

Abstract Periodic sweep-net sampling and capitula sampling were conducted between April and October 2007 to determine the seasonal phenology of Urophora quadrifasciata (Meigen) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on spotted knapweed, Centaurea stoebe subsp. micranthos (Gugler) Hayek (Asteraceae), in the Arkansas Ozarks of the United States of America. Urophora quadrifasciata produces up to three generations in Arkansas, rather than being bivoltine as in the northern United States of America. The first, second, and third generations of U. quadrifasciata reached peak adult numbers around 26 May, 29 June, and 27 July, respectively. Males tended to emerge earlier than females but the female:male ratio was approximately 1:1 for most of the season. The majority of the offspring of the three generations emerged between June and October, while approximately 38% entered diapause and emerged as adults in April–June of the following year; 3.4 ± 0.1 (mean ± SE) (range 1–12) flies emerged from each infested capitulum. The absence ...
An experimental investigation of the expression of genericity in English, Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese

This study examines NPs in generic environments cross-linguistically. According to the semantic literature, NPs obtain generic readings from two sources: characterizing sentences (Lions are dangerous) and kind-reference (Dodo birds are extinct). English, Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese are known to differ in the types of NPs (definite vs. indefinite; singular vs. plural) that are allowed in the two types of environments, but there is disagreement in the literature concerning (i) the status of bare (article-less) NPs in generic environments in Brazilian Portuguese; and (ii) whether singular and/or plural generics are restricted to canonical kinds cross-linguistically. The broader goal of this paper is to use experimental methodology to resolve these disagreements; the more specific goal is to test the theoretical proposal of Dayal (2004), which makes testable predictions for the distribution of generic NPs cross-linguistically. The results of Acceptability Judgment Tasks with native speakers of English, Spanish, and Brazilian Portuguese provide support for Dayal's proposal that plural generics cross-linguistically denote kinds, while definite singular generics denote taxonomic entities. These findings highlight the value of experimentally testing the predictions of semantic theories, and pose questions for further research.
Particle velocimetry analysis of immiscible two-phase flow in micromodels

Abstract We perform micro-PIV measurements in micromodels using very simple optical equipment combined with efficient image acquisition and processing. The pore-scale velocity distributions are obtained for single-phase flow in porous media with a typical pore size of 5–40 µm at a resolution of 1.8 μ m × 1.8 μ m vector grid. Because the application of micro-PIV in micromodels is not standard, extensive effort is invested into validation of the experimental technique. The micro-PIV measurements are in very good agreement with numerical simulations of single-phase flows, for which the modeling is well established once the detailed pore geometry is specified and therefore serves as a reference. The experimental setup is then used with confidence to investigate the dynamics of immiscible two-phase flow in micromodels that represent natural complex porous media (e.g., sandstone). For unstable immiscible two-phase flow experiments, micro-PIV measurements indicate that the flow is highly oscillatory long before the arrival of the invading interface. The dynamics are accompanied with abrupt changes of velocity magnitude and flow direction, and interfacial jumps. Following the passage of the front, dissipative events, such as eddies within the aqueous phase, are observed in the micro-PIV results. These observations of complex interface dynamics at the pore scale motivate further measurement of multiphase fluid movement at the sub-pore scale and requisite modeling.
Quality versus intelligibility: Studying human preferences for american sign language video

Real-time videoconferencing using cellular devices provides natural communication to the Deaf community. For this application, compressed American Sign Language (ASL) video must be evaluated in terms of the intelligibility of the conversation and not in terms of the overall aesthetic quality of the video. This work conducts an experiment to determine the subjective preferences of ASL users in terms of the trade-off between intelligibility and quality when varying the proportion of the bitrate allocated explicitly to the regions of the video containing the signer. A rate-distortion optimization technique, which jointly optimizes for quality and intelligibility according to a user-specified parameter, generates test video pairs for the subjective experiment. Preliminary results suggest that at high bitrates, users prefer videos in which the non-signer regions in the video are encoded with some nominal rate. As the total encoding bitrate decreases, users prefer video in which a greater proportion of the rate is allocated to the signer.
Array of biodegradable microrafts for isolation and implantation of living, adherent cells

A new strategy for efficient sorting and implantation of viable adherent cells into animals is described. An array of biodegradable micro-structures (microrafts) was fabricated using a polydimethylsiloxane substrate for micromolding poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). Screening various forms of PLGA determined that the suitability of PLGA for microraft manufacture, biocompatibility and in vitro degradation was dependent on molecular weight and lactic/glycolic ratio. Cells plated on the array selectively attached to the microrafts and could be identified by their fluorescence, morphology or other criteria. The cells were efficiently dislodged and collected from the array using a microneedle device. The platform was used to isolate specific cells from a mixed population establishing the ability to sort target cells for direct implantation. As a proof of concept, fluorescently conjugated microrafts carrying tumor cells stably expressing luciferase were isolated from an array and implanted subcutaneously into mice. In vivo bio-luminescence imaging confirmed the growth of a tumor in the recipient animals. Imaging of tissue sections from the tumors demonstrated in vivo degradation of the implanted microrafts. The process is a new strategy for isolating and delivering a small number of adherent cells for animal implantation with potential applications in tissue repair, tumor induction, in vivo differentiation of stem cells and other biomedical research.
An Adverse Interaction Between Warfarin and Fluoropyrimidines Revisited

Regimens based on flouropyrimidines (eg, 5-fluorouracil [5-FU] and capecitabine) are the mainstay of chemotherapy for several malignancies, including colon, pancreatic, upper gastrointestinal, and breast cancers. Warfarin is one of the most commonly used oral anticoagulants. Patients receiving concomitant capecitabine or 5-FU and warfarin have, at times, exhibited altered coagulation parameters and consequent bleeding, even causing death in some cases. Reports have shown clinically significant increases in partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and International Normalized Ratio (INR) in patients whose condition was stabilized with the use of anticoagulants at the time capecitabine or 5-FU was introduced. These alterations in coagulation parameters occurred within several days and for as long several months after initiation of capecitabine or 5-FU therapy and, in a few cases, within a month after stopping capecitabine or 5-FU therapy. These events occurred in patients with and without liver metastases. The inhibition of hepatic metabolism of warfarin by 5-FU was postulated to explain this drug interaction, but the true mechanism and how to monitor it remain under investigation. The US Food and Drug Administration and Roche have added a "Black Box" warning and strengthened the "Precautions" section on the label of capecitabine, which is indicated for the treatment of colorectal and breast cancer. Patients should have their anticoagulant response (INR or PTT) monitored frequently in order to adjust the anticoagulant dose accordingly. The current article includes a review of the literature to describe the interaction between capecitabine or 5-FU and warfarin, its clinical presentation, a comparison between 5-FU and capecitabine interactions, the mechanism of altered coagulation parameters, findings with agents such as uracil/tegafur, and guidelines to monitor the patients simultaneously receiving these agents.
Direct measurement of spectral phase for ultrafast laser pulses based on multi-photon intrapulse interference

We present a direct measurement method of the spectral phase of ultrafast laser pulses. The second-derivative of the unknown spectral phase can be directly envisioned and extracted from the experimental 2D-contour plot without mathematical manipulation.
From Flexible to Hard Polyurethane Aerogels: The Effect of Molecular Functionality vs. Molecular Rigidity

High performance all-polymer aerogels are not only interesting for their low thermal conductivity, but also for their mechanical strength and their conversion to porous carbons. The prevalent design rule dictates that crosslinking at the monomer level decreases solubility of the developing polymer and induces phase separation of nanoparticles with high surface to volume ratios. Hence, hyperbranched structures based on trifunctional single aromatic core monomers should have enhanced interparticle connectivity and rigidity compared to those based on either difunctional or multiple aromatic core monomers. That design rule is applied here to hyperbranched polyurethane (PU) aerogels synthesized from tris(4-isocyanatophenyl)methane ( TIPM ) and 1,1,1-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane ( HPE ) in anhydrous acetone using dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as catalyst. The resulting materials vary from highly flexible to rigid as the monomer concentration increases. FTIR and 13 C solid NMR confirm formation of urethane. SEM shows that the flexible variety is macroporous with a beaded worm-like structure, while the rigid variety is mesoporous and nanoparticulate. Lower-density flexible aerogels are highly porous (92%) with surface area of 132 m 2 g -1 , while the rigid ones have higher surface areas, up to 256 m 2 g -1 . Polyurethane aerogels from other triols and diols, e.g., phloroglucinol ( POL ) and resorcinol ( RES ), respectively, have also been studied and for similar monomer concentrations shrinkage and bulk density increases.
The Cult of the Virgin Mary in Southern Italy and Spain

The Virgin Mary has played a central role in the lives of people for centuries. Her qualities of intercession, purity, and all-encompassing nurturance have made her appeal broad and vast. This paper focuses on the cult that has come to be associated with her. The Mary cult consists of devotees who center their devotion on Mary, instead of Jesus or God. The paper attempts to explain how Mary has remained consistently a dominant figure in the southern Italian and Spanish religious systems. Michael Carroll's The Cult of the Virgin Mary (1986) provides one explanation. He explores the question of why veneration to the Virgin Mary is especially intense in southern Italy and Spain and how this veneration is related to her complete disassociation from sexuality. Carroll's explanation of the Mary cult is, I argue, governed by a male-centered pattern of analysis. My paper critiques Carroll's central argument and presents a gynocentric analysis of the cult's presence in southern Italy and Spain. I review Carroll's conclusions, delve into female psychological development, and explore rel
Do Different Measures Tap the Same Genetic Influences? A Multi-method Study of Activity Level in Young Twins

Activity level (AL) is a highly salient feature of child behaviour that has been linked to developmental outcome. Twin studies of parent-rated, observer-rated and mechanically assessed AL in childhood find that AL is genetically influenced. Few studies, however, consider whether different methods of assessing AL have a shared genetic etiology. Those that do, confound methods and situations. The present study examined whether actigraph and rater-based (parent, observer) measures of AL tap the same genetic influences in a sample of 312 2-year-old twin pairs. Methods were studied within the same situation, thereby controlling for situational influences on AL. The genetic correlation between actigraph and parent-rated AL in the home was .38, indicating modest genetic overlap between the two methods. In contrast, the correlation of genetic effects on actigraph and observer-rated AL in the laboratory was .95, indicating that both laboratory-based measures of AL are influenced by the same genetic effects.
Guaranteed domains of attraction for multivariable luré systems via open Lyapunov surfaces

SUMMARY In this paper we provide guaranteed stability regions for multivariable Lure« -type systems. Specifically, using the Lure« —Postnikov Lyapunov function a guaranteed subset of the domain of attraction for a feedback system whose forward path contains a dynamic linear time-invariant system and whose feedback path contains multiple sector-bounded time-invariant memoryless nonlinearities is constructed via open Lyapunov surfaces. It is shown that the use of open Lyapunov surfaces yields a considerable improvement over closed Lyapunov surfaces in estimating the domain of attraction of the zero solution of the nonlinear system. An immediate application of this result is the computation of transient stability regions for multimachine power systems and computation of stability regions of anti-windup controllers for systems subject to input saturation. ( 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Auditory Evidence Grids

Sound source localization on a mobile robot can be a difficult task due to a variety of problems inherent to a real environment, including robot ego-noise, echoes, and the transient nature of ambient noise. As a result, source localization data are often very noisy and unreliable. In this work, we overcome some of these problems by combining the localization evidence over a variety of robot poses using an evidence grid. The result is a representation that localizes the pertinent objects well over time, can be used to filter poor localization results, and may also be useful for global re-localization from sound localization results.
Intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of oocyte loss

A great deal of evolutionary conservation has been found in the control of oocyte development, from invertebrates to women. However, little is known of mechanisms that control oocyte loss over time. Oocyte loss is often assumed to be a result of oocyte-intrinsic deficiencies or damage. In fruit flies, starvation results in halted oocyte production by germline stem cells and induces oocyte loss midway through development. When we fed wild-type flies the bacterial compound Rapamycin (RAP) to mimic starvation, pro- duction of new oocytes continued, but mid-stage loss sterilized the animals. Surprisingly, follicle cell invasion and phagocytosis of the oocyte preceded any signs of germ cell death. RAP-induced egg chamber loss was prevented when RAP receptor FKBP12 was knocked down specifically in follicle cells. Oogenesis continued past the mid-stages, and these mutants continued to lay embryos that could develop into normal adults. Hence, intact healthy oocytes can be destroyed by somatic cells responding to extrinsic stimuli. We termed this process inducible somatic oocyte destruction. RAP treatment of mouse follicles in vitro resulted in phagocytic uptake of the oocyte by gran- ulosa cells as seen in flies. We hypothesize that extrinsic modes of oocyte loss occur in mammals.
Investigation of protein–protein interactions by isotope‒edited Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy

Recent advance in FTIR spectroscopy has shown the usefulness of 13 C uniform isotope labeling in proteins to study protein-protein interactions. 13 C uniform isotope labeling can significantly resolve the spectral overlap in the amide I/Iregion in the spectra of protein-protein complexes, and therefore allows more accurate determination of secondary structures of indi- vidual protein component in the complex than does the conventional FTIR spectroscopy. Only a limited number of biophysical techniques can be used effectively to obtain structural information of large protein-protein complex in solution. Though X-ray crystallography and NMR have been used to provide structural information of proteins at atomic resolution, they are limited either by the ability of protein to crystallize or the large molecular weight of protein. Vibrational spectroscopy, including FTIR and Raman spectroscopies, has been extensively employed to investigate secondary structures and conformational dynamics of protein-protein complexes. However, significant spectral overlap in the amide I/Iregion in the spectra of protein-protein com- plexes often hinders the utilization of vibrational spectroscopy in the study of protein-protein complex. In this review, we shall discuss our recent work involving the application of isotope labeled FTIR to the investigation of protein-protein complexes such as cytokine-receptor complexes. One of the examples involves G-CSF/receptor complex. To determine unambiguously the con- formations of G-CSF and the receptor in the complex, we have prepared uniformly 13 C/ 15 N isotope labeled G-CSF to resolve its amide Iband from that of its receptor in the IR spectrum of the complex. Conformational changes and structural stability of individual protein subunit in G-CSF/receptor complex have then been investigated by using FTIR spectroscopy (Li et al., Bio- chemistry 29 (1997), 8849-8859). Another example involves BDNF/trkB complex in which 13 C/ 15 N uniformly labeled BDNF is complexed with its receptor trkB (Li et al., Biopolymers 67(1) (2002), 10-19). Interactions of 13 C/ 15 N uniformly labeled brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) with the extracellular domain of its receptor, trkB, have been investigated by em- ploying FTIR spectroscopy. Conformational changes and structural stability and dynamics of BDNF/trkB complex have been determined unambiguously by FTIR spectroscopy, since amide I/Ibands of 13 C/ 15 N labeled BDNF are resolved from those of the receptor. Together, those studies have shown that isotope edited FTIR spectroscopy can be successfully applied to the determination of protein secondary structures of protein complexes containing either the same or different types of secondary structures. It was observed that 13 C/ 15 N uniform labeling also affects significantly the frequency of amide IIband, which may permit the determination of hydrogen-deuterium exchange in individual subunit of protein-protein complexes.
Tocilizumab for the Treatment of Steroid Refractory Graft-versus-Host Disease

Corticosteroid refractory graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the major challenges in the management of allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients. Although numerous agents have been employed to treat this patient population, no standardized second-line therapy exists. In this study, we report our experience with the administration of tocilizumab, an anti-interleukin 6 receptor antibody, in the treatment of steroid refractory GVHD. Tocilizumab was administered to 8 patients with refractory acute (n = 6) or chronic GVHD (cGVHD) (n = 2) once every 3 to 4 weeks. The majority of patients with acute GVHD (aGVHD) had grade IV organ involvement of the skin or gastrointestinal tract, whereas both patients with cGVHD had long-standing severe skin sclerosis at the time of treatment. There were no allergic or infusion-related adverse events. Treatment was discontinued in one patient over concerns that tocilizumab may have worsened preexisting hyperbilirubinemia. Several patients also had transient elevations in serum transaminase values. Infections were the primary adverse events associated with tocilizumab administration. Four patients (67%) with aGVHD had either partial or complete responses apparent within the first 56 days of therapy. One patient with cGVHD had a significant response to therapy, whereas the second had stabilization of disease that allowed for a modest reduction in immune suppressive medications. These results indicate that tocilizumab has activity in the treatment of steroid refractory GVHD and warrants further investigation as a therapeutic option for this disorder.
Signal fidelity requirements for deriving impedance cardiographic measures of cardiac function over a broad heart rate range

Our findings indicate that the impedance cardiogram spectrum extends from DC to 50 Hz. Any amplifier with an upper band limit less than 50 Hz can be expected to produce attenuation and distortion of the impedance cardiogram. This signal attenuation may be systematically enhanced under conditions of high heart rate when a greater proportion of signal energy will be in the upper frequency range of the impedance cardiogram spectrum. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess the influence of amplifier bandwidth on dZ/dtmax, stroke volume, and systolic time intervals (LVET, PEP, QZ, QX). Simultaneously measured ΔZ and dZ/dt signals from two impedance cardiographs, with corner frequencies of 120 and 60 Hz for the ΔZ and 50 and 15 Hz for dZ/dt channels, were contrasted over a broad range of heart rate (70–150 bpm). In addition to the analog dZ/dt signals obtained from the instruments, the ΔZ signals were digitally converted to dZ/dt by off-line digital differentiation with a 50 Hz corner frequency. The results demonstrated that the measurements with the 15 Hz corner frequency, when compared with the 50 Hz corner frequency measurements, systematically attenuated the dZ/dtmax amplitude and stroke volume measurements as heart rate increased. The attenuation of dZ/dtmax and stroke volume ranged from about 13% to 26% as heart rate increased from 70 to 150 bpm. When the upper bandlimit was 50 Hz, the dZ/dt signal had greater resolution of waveform events and produced less prolonged systolic time intervals. The 15 Hz amplifier differentially influenced the B point, Z-peak and X minimum, having no apparent effect on the temporal location of the B point, but delaying the Z-peak about 21.7 ms and the X minimum about 7.4 ms. These findings indicate that impedance cardiographs with insufficient upper bandlimits will differentially influence ICG-derived measurements as heart rate varies.
The Effect of Selective Serotonin Releasing Agents in the Chronic Mild Stress Model of Depression in Rats

Chronic exposure to mild unpredictable stress has been found to depress the consumption of, and preference for, highly palatable sucrose solution in rats. Stress-induced behavioral deficits may be maintained for a long time, however chronic administration of clinically effective antidepressants can restore normal behavior. This is the first report showing that Sprague-Dawley rats can be used in this model. A preference deficit in this strain of rats took at least 7 weeks to develop; about twice the time required when hooded Lister or Wistar rats are used in this model. Water consumption was not effected by chronic exposure to the mild stress regime and/or by chronic administration of the selective serotonin (5-HT) releasing agent MMAI (5-methoxy-6-methyl-2-aminoindan). The stress-induced deficit in sucrose intake was completely reversed by chronic treatment with MMAI (5 mg/kg, 2 × day) over 3 weeks in the two-bottle tests. In single-bottle tests, chronic treatment with the selective 5-HT releasers, MMAI (...
Development of a tuberculosis education booklet for Latino immigrant patients

The incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis are far more common among third world populations immigrating to the United States than among US-born citizens. Immigrants' failure to comply with an anti-tuberculosis treatment can impede completion of care and further confound this public health problem. Barriers to patient--provider communication can negatively influence adherence to a medical regimen. Patients who are unable to comprehend medical advice and do not see it as personally salient are less likely to follow their provider's medical advice. In this paper, the authors focus on efforts to develop a patient education tool targeting Spanish-speaking Latino immigrant patients to facilitate communication with tuberculosis clinicians. A description of the multi-stage developmental processes is presented including conducting a needs assessment, development of visual and written messages, review/critique by tuberculosis experts, field-testing, revisions, and distribution. Formative evaluation and field testing indicates promise for improving communication using this tool.
Distribution of the vasotocin type 4 receptor throughout the brain of the chicken, Gallus gallus

The vasopressin 1a receptor (V1aR) has been shown to have a wide distribution throughout the mammalian brain and pituitary gland and mediates a number of physiological functions as well as social behavior following the binding of its agonist, vasopressin. The avian receptor homologous to the V1aR is the vasotocin 4 receptor (VT4R). Its mRNA distribution has been documented in brain regions of two species of songbird; however, its complete protein distribution in the brain has not been published to date for any avian species. The present work utilizes an antibody made to a sequence of the chicken VT4R to map its distribution from the olfactory bulbs to the caudal end of the brainstem in Gallus gallus. Unexpectedly, immunoreactivity (ir) for the VT4R was found not only in neurons but also in glia located in 10 circumventricular organs (CVOs), olfactory bulbs, hippocampus, and septum. Use of a second antibody made against vimentin provided evidence that some dual-labeled glial cells were tanycytes and radial glia. Additionally, the VT4R was identified in nuclei related to motor function, including the oculomotor complex and motor nucleus of the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, tenth, and twelfth cranial nerves. Possible functions for the VT4R are suggested that should have relevance not only to avian species but to other vertebrates because most classes, except for mammals, use vasotocin as the natural ligand for that receptor. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:335–358, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MuCheck: an extensible tool for mutation testing of haskell programs

This paper presents MuCheck, a mutation testing tool for Haskell programs. MuCheck is a counterpart to the widely used QuickCheck random testing tool for functional programs, and can be used to evaluate the efficacy of QuickCheck property definitions. The tool implements mutation operators that are specifically designed for functional programs, and makes use of the type system of Haskell to achieve a more relevant set of mutants than otherwise possible. Mutation coverage is particularly valuable for functional programs due to highly compact code, referential transparency, and clean semantics; these make augmenting a test suite or specification based on surviving mutants a practical method for improved testing.
Global generic richness and distribution: new maps of the world of ants with examples of their use in the context of Asia

Knowledge of the biogeographic distribution of ants is central to our understanding of ant ecology, evolution, taxonomy and conservation. Here, we introduce a novel global biogeographic database for ant genera and an associated website with maps showing the known distribution of all extant ant genera. We use this database to consider knowledge of the distribution of ant genera in Asia, a hotspot of ant diversity and biological diversity more generally. We find that, although ant systematists and ecologists are now active in Asia, much remains to be learned about the distribution of Asian ant genera. We highlight areas where additional research would be particularly useful.
Racial differences in parents' perceptions of factors important for children to live well with diabetes.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to learn how to serve families with children with diabetes in a more culturally effective manner by exploring and more fully understanding differences in how white and African American families ranked factors they perceived as important to living well with diabetes.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of a survey derived from qualitative and quantitative data. A total of 799 parents (84.1% white, 12.3% African American) completed the mailed survey. Respondents were asked to rate how much of a difference each of 30 survey items makes in a child and family who are living well with diabetes, which were placed in rank order by race. Items were combined into clinically relevant categories, and mean ratings for each category were calculated. Regression analyses were used to test for racial differences between items and within categories.ResultsThe racial groups expressed many similar views; however, 2 major themes emerged reflecting racial differences in the prioritization of ...
CONJECTURES AND CRITICISM IN BOOK 1 OF THE CODEX JUSTINIANUS

Since 2007, a team of American and British ancient historians has been preparing a new translation of the Codex Justinianus. The ‘Codex Project’ was launched by chief editor Bruce W. Frier; the goal of the project is to create the first reliable English translation of the Codex Justinianus on the basis of the standard edition by Paul Kruger. Since 1932, the notoriously unreliable translation by Scott has remained the only one in English. The new translation by the Codex Project should appear soon.
Abstract A40: Exposure of children and pet dogs to chemicals in lawn care products

Exposure to lawn herbicides and pesticides has been associated with increased risk for invasive urinary bladder cancer in pet dogs. There is concern of potential risks for humans as well. Among many steps to further investigate this finding, two were addressed here. The purpose of this work was to determine: (1) length of time for potential exposure to chemicals after lawn treatment, i.e. residence time of chemicals on grass, and (2) lawn chemical concentrations in the urine of pet dogs and children living in households that used commercial lawn products. Marker chemicals commonly used in lawn products were selected to track potential exposures. Methods: The work included 2 parts. 1. Residence chemical times were studied in experimental grass plots to define methods and sampling times for the subsequent work. Briefly, a product containing 0.169% 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D), 0.045% 4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxypropionic acid (MCPP), and 0.015% Dicamba was applied by calibrated sprayer at manufacturer recommended amounts under different lawn conditions (green, dry brown, wet, recently mowed grass). Chemicals in the dislodgeable residue were measured by LC‐MS (0.17, 24, 48, 72 hrs post treatment). 2. A household study was conducted in which chemical (2,4‐D, MCPP) residence times and chemical concentrations in urine of children and dogs were determined at 0, 24, and 48 hrs post lawn treatment. Questionnaires regarding lawn exposure for dogs and children were completed for treated and for untreated (control) households. Results: In the experimental grass plot study, minimal amounts of 2,4‐D, MCPP, and dicamba were still detected at 48 hours post chemical application to green lawns, although chemical residence time was prolonged (P 48 hrs) of chemicals on commercially treated lawns compared to experimental grass plots treated with recommended amounts of herbicide suggest that excessive amounts of chemicals are applied in some commercial settings, thun increasing exposure potential. Detection of chemicals in the urine of dogs in 4 of 9 treated households confirms that chemical uptake and internalization occurs, and that a clear exposure risk exists for pet animals. Further study is needed to assess the exposure risk to humans. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):A40.
The near-Earth asteroid population from two decades of observations

Abstract Determining the size and orbital distribution of the population of near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) is the focus of intense research, with the most recent models converging to a population of approximately 1000 NEAs larger than 1 km and up to approximately 109 NEAs with absolute magnitude H
Discrete element modeling of leaching-induced apparent overconsolidation in kaolinite

ABSTRACT Elasto-plastic behavior of a material depends on the past loading history, and for clays, the most important process representing the past loading history is overconsolidation. The deformation behavior of clays including the general stress-strain relation, shear strength, and compressibility all depend on overconsolidation. A soil is generally referred to as overconsolidated soil when the existing stress is smaller than the maximum stress experienced by the soil in the past (i.e., preconsolidation pressure); otherwise, the soil is referred to as normally consolidated soil. In many circumstances, even when the soil is normally consolidated by this definition, the soil may behave like an overconsolidated soil, exhibiting an “apparent overconsolidation”. Various factors such as cementation, desiccation, aging, bonding, etc., have been suggested as possible causes of “apparent overconsolidation”. In this paper, using a particle-level numerical simulation technique known as the discrete element method (DEM), a study is performed to examine the microscopic mechanism responsible for overconsolidation in clays. The stress-based overconsolidation, and a leaching induced “apparent overconsolidation” are numerically simulated and studied. It is shown that there are many similarities at the microscopic level between stress-based and leaching-induced overconsolidations. It is further found that the change in void ratio during the process of leaching-induced overconsolidation is negligible.
Advancing Climate Justice and the Right to Health Through Procedural Rights

Scholars have increasingly recognized the ways in which climate change threatens the human rights of people around the world, with a disproportionate burden on the rights of already vulnerable persons. At particular risk to these populations is the right to health, as well as to interconnected human rights. Yet, scholars have generally not provided a thorough assessment of precisely how human rights law can catalyze a response to climate change to effectively avert health harms. This article suggests that human rights law is better suited to guide procedural responses to climate change and its health harms than it is to guide substantive decision-making. This article describes the ways in which climate change implicates the right to health and then analyzes human rights law's response. While acknowledging the intrinsic value of human rights in prompting climate change action, the article focuses its analysis on human rights' instrumental value in this arena.
O13.5 Association between dietary intake and dysbiotic vaginal microbiota

Background Suboptimal nutrition has been associated with an increased risk of bacterial vaginosis (BV). In this study, we examined the association between dietary intake and BV-associated vaginal microbiota. Methods We analysed the baseline visit of the Hormonal Contraception Longitudinal Study, a cohort of reproductive-aged women who reported at enrollment intentions to initiate or cease hormonal contraception (HC). Dietary intake was estimated using the Block Brief 2000 Food Frequency Questionnaire. Vaginal microbiota composition was assessed using 16S rRNA gene analysis and categorised based on the types and relative abundance of bacteria (termed community state types (CSTs)). Nutrients were categorised into quartiles and the associations between nutrients and CST-IV, a low- Lactobacillus CST, were evaluated by logistic regression. Separate models were built for each nutrient controlling for demographics, tobacco use, behavioural factors, HC and dietary variables (total energy intake, and where appropriate, percent of calories from fat, protein, carbohydrates). Results A total of 98 women were included in this analysis. The mean age of the women was 25.9, mean body mass index was 27.9, 29.6% were African American and 47.9% were on HC at enrollment. 26.5% of women had a low relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp. (CST-IV). In adjusted multivariate analyses, the highest quartile of vitamin E (OR: 0.01, 95% CI: 0.001–0.26), zinc (OR: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.18–0.03) and magnesium (OR: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.004–0.75) intake were associated with reduced risk of carrying a low- Lactobacillus CST-IV state. Conclusion Higher intakes of vitamin E, zinc, and magnesium were associated with a decreased risk of having a dysbiotic vaginal microbiota. These findings concur with prior studies that have reported magnesium and zinc deficiencies associated with recurrent bacterial infections and inflammation, and vitamin E (an antioxidant) with anti-inflammatory properties. Dietary interventions targeted at improving intake of select micronutrients may decrease the risk of bacterial vaginosis and its sequelae. Disclosure of interest statement Funding for this study was provided by the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. No pharmaceutical grants were received in the development of this study.
Topical anesthesia for line insertion in very low birth weight infants.

OBJECTIVE This pilot study was designed to assess the impact of topical lidocaine and prilocaine cream on the pain response of very low birth weight infants undergoing percutaneous central venous line insertion. STUDY DESIGN Infants were randomly assigned to receive 1 to 1.25 gm of the topical anesthetic or to receive zinc oxide placebo 1 hour before line insertion. Investigators blinded to treatment group assignment obtained serial measurements of heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, and oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry. Toxicity from lidocaine was assessed by clinical parameters, and toxic effects from prilocaine were assessed by methemoglobin levels (normal range 0% to 4%). RESULTS Hearts rates increased significantly during line insertion in controls (n = 6) but not in treated patients (n = 7). Respiratory rates and blood pressure values increased significantly during line insertion in both groups. Oxygen saturation did not change significantly in either group. The percent of increase in heart and respiratory rates from baseline was attenuated in the treated patients compared with controls. Methemoglobin levels were 0.3% to 2.0% for the treated group and 0.3% to 0.7% for controls. CONCLUSION The topical lidocaine and prilocaine cream application attenuated the lability of vital signs during line insertion in very low birth weight infants, with no evidence of toxicity.
Managerial Control and Discipline: Whips and Chains

(1984). Managerial Control and Discipline: Whips and Chains. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 8, Communication Yearbook 8, pp. 558-593.
Carbon Overcoating of Supported Metal Catalysts for Improved Hydrothermal Stability

Commercial mesoporous oxides, such as silica, are not stable in liquid-phase reactions, particularly aqueous-phase reactions at elevated temperatures, which are corrosive to oxide supports. We have shown previously that the hydrothermal stability of silica is significantly improved by coating the surface with thin carbon layers. Herein, we show that controlled pyrolysis of sugars also provides a facile approach for coating supported metal catalysts, leading to improved dispersion of the active metal phase in the hydrothermally aged catalyst. The carbon overcoats are synthesized at mild temperatures, resulting in an open structure, as revealed by 13C NMR, which helps explain why the overcoats do not significantly block the active sites. We compare two approaches–depositing Pd on carbon-coated silica and depositing carbon overcoats on Pd/silica. The carbon overcoating approach leads to better performance after hydrothermal aging, as determined by using a probe reaction (CO oxidation) to quantify the number ...
Energy storage technologies for future electric power systems

Due to the pull of applications and the push of advanced technologies, energy storage will be important in future electric power systems. This paper presents the functions that energy storage can perform along the electricity value chain, overviews various energy storage technologies and provides the best storage technologies for individual and bundled applications.
A Current Analysis of Black Head Football Coaches and Offensive Coordinators at the NCAA DI-FBS Level

At the start of the 2015 college football season, 15 of the 128 NCAA DI-FBS programs took the field with a new head coach. Of note, is that none of the newly hired head coaches were Black, and 11 of the 15 hires climbed the coaching ranks on the offensive side of the ball. Given that 11.7% of the head coaching jobs in the league were available this offseason and none were filled by a Black coaching candidate could signify that the positive trends found after the 2010 season regarding the hiring of Black head football coaches (Bopp & Sagas, 2012) may have plateaued, or even worse, declined. The purpose of this study was to ascertain if significant strides are being made in the promotion of Black coaches to head coach and offensive coordinator positions in college football, and evaluate how successful they have been in those positions. The findings of our study, which were interpreted using racial tasking (Bopp & Sagas, 2014) as our theoretical lens, found that a) Black representation at the head coach and ...
Research on Vegetable Growth Monitoring Platform Based on Facility Agricultural IOT

To monitor the environmental parameters in vegetable greenhouse in real time and reduce the impact of climate disasters on vegetable growth, we develop a technology platform including the environmental data acquisition, transmission, disaster warning, remote control, and information push through using Internet of Things technology. The platform can achieve the greenhouse equipment control through using ZigBee, transmit the data to the cloud service center through GPRS, and be implemented through Java EE. The deployment of field tests in Beijing XiaoTangShan show that the platform is stable and reliable. Moreover, the platform satisfy the need of real time monitoring and early warning, and increase the management level in agricultural park facilities and the ability of coping with disasters.
Determinants of Wealth Fluctuation: Changes in Hard-To-Measure Economic Variables in a Panel Study.

Measuring fluctuation in families’ economic conditions is the raison d’etre of household panel studies. Accordingly, a particularly challenging critique is that extreme fluctuation in measured economic characteristics might indicate compounding measurement error rather than actual changes in families’ economic wellbeing. In this article, we address this claim by moving beyond the assumption that particularly large fluctuation in economic conditions might be too large to be realistic. Instead, we examine predictors of large fluctuation, capturing sources related to actual socio-economic changes as well as potential sources of measurement error. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we study between-wave changes in a dimension of economic wellbeing that is especially hard to measure, namely, net worth as an indicator of total family wealth. Our results demonstrate that even very large between-wave changes in net worth can be attributed to actual socio-economic and demographic processes. We do, however, also identify a potential source of measurement error that contributes to large wealth fluctuation, namely, the treatment of incomplete information, presenting a pervasive challenge for any longitudinal survey that includes questions on economic assets. Our results point to ways for improving wealth variables both in the data collection process (e.g., by measuring active savings) and in data processing (e.g., by improving imputation algorithms).
A “critical leadership ethics” approach to the Ethical Leadership construct:

This paper uses moral philosophy to critique leadership theory and the phenomenon of leadership itself. It is an example of what I call “critical leadership ethics,” which engages the existing literature to locate, catalog, and—ultimately—respond to the primary ethical problems of this applied context. I illustrate the approach by analyzing the Ethical Leadership construct. One positive aspect of this construct is that it helps us identify the ethically troubling features of leadership. But the main objective of the paper is ultimately a negative one. My primary thesis is that the Ethical Leadership construct fails to capture the true depth of the critique of leadership. In the final section of the paper, I draw on particular moral theories to develop the beginnings of a response to these problems. I also suggest how critical leadership ethics might move forward as a research agenda.
Lateral Violence in Nursing Survey: Instrument Development and Validation

An examination of the psychometric properties of the Lateral Violence in Nursing Survey (LVNS), an instrument previously developed to measure the perceived incidence and severity of lateral violence (LV) in the nursing workplace, was carried out. Conceptual clustering and principal components analysis were used with survey responses from 663 registered nurses and ancillary nursing staff in a southeastern tertiary care medical center. Where appropriate, Cronbach's alpha (α) evaluated internal consistency. The prevalence/severity of lateral violence items constitute two distinct subscales (LV by self and others) with Cronbach's alpha of 0.74 and 0.86, respectively. The items asking about potential causes of LV are unidimensional and internally consistent (alpha = 0.77) but there is no conceptually coherent theme underlying the various causes. Respondents rating a potential LV cause as "major" scored higher on both prevalence/severity subscales than those rating it a "minor" cause or not a cause. Subsets of items on the LVNS are internally reliable, supporting construct validity. Revisions of the original LVNS instrument will improve its use in future work.