cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Video Game Playing and Beliefs about Masculinity Among Male and Female Emerging Adults

Video games have been soundly critiqued for their depiction of gender, and emerging research has shown that playing can be associated with holding stereotypical or narrow views of gender roles and norms. Yet, rarely has past research focused particularly on correlations between video game playing and perceptions of masculinity, in particular, despite critiques of gaming content and culture as a space where a type of hypermasculinity thrives. The current study explores the relationships between the overall amount of time spent with video games and time spent with games that contain violence with beliefs that emerging adults hold about masculine gender role norms. In a sample of 244 young adult video game players from across the United States, amount of perceived violence in favorite games is shown to predict scores on the Masculine Role Norms Index-Revised and some of its subscales, even under multiple controls. Gender identity of respondent does not moderate the relationships, thereby suggesting that both men and women players with violent favorite games are likely to endorse a view of masculinity that includes aggression, dominance, toughness, and the suppression of emotions. Implications for policymakers, students and other young adults, and for society at large are discussed.
The Theory of General Relativity: Einstein’s Formulation

We introduce the idea in this chapter that Einstein’s theory of general relativity is a general theory of matter in all domains, and not only a theory of gravity in the large domain. This theory is based on a single idea — the principle of covariance. It is the assertion that all of the laws of nature must be fully objective. This means that their expressions are independent of any reference frame in which they may be described, that is, from the view of any particular reference frame.
Local Space–Time Dirichlet–Neumann Nonreflecting Boundary Values: Half-Space Spatial Orthogonal Mode Projections

This paper follows the time-honored analyses to provide a formal bridge connecting the PML and the well-understood (classical) Dirichlet and Neumann boundary value problems. The connection offers many theoretical and practical advantages not immediately obvious from any PML reconstructions. For example, the analysis shows that the reflection-free of PML boundaries is composed of the superposition of one Dirichlet and one Neumann solution acting out of phase constituents. In fact, it uncovers that the existing PML solutions are readily obtained from the projection of the well-understood 1-D Robin impedance-matched wave equations. The projection hence not only explains how the PML split fields fundamentally come about but also that the PML implicitly uses only an orthogonal projection. Naturally, we further extend the construction to include nonorthogonal decomposition. Local-to-global coordinate transformation is introduced to give a general nonreflecting boundary value solution valid for planar orientations not aligned with the Cartesian coordinates. Nonorthogonal generalizations also make it geometrically explicit as to what causes an incorrect PML problem that can arise from mediums lacking orthogonal symmetry invariant terminations.
Using Classical EDTA Titrations To Measure Calcium and Magnesium in Intravenous Fluid Bags

Potency assays of pharmaceutical products are designed to measure the amount of an active ingredient in a sample. They are important quality control tools for all medications, including intravenous...
Putting the "cognitive" back in cognitive therapy: Sustained cognitive change as a mediator of in-session insights and depressive symptom improvement.

Objective Although cognitive change has long been posited to drive symptom improvements in cognitive therapy (CT) of depression, whether it does so remains controversial. Methodological challenges have contributed heavily to the lack of resolution on this issue. Using a patient-reported measure of cognitive change, we tested the role of cognitive change in contributing to symptom change in CT. In addition, we tested whether therapists' use of cognitive methods intended to promote cognitive changes predicted these changes. We also tested the specificity of the relation of cognitive methods and cognitive change by examining other psychotherapy process variables. Method In a sample of 126 patients who participated in CT of depression, patients rated immediate cognitive change (CC-Immediate) at the end of each session and sustained cognitive change (CC-Sustained) at the start of each subsequent session. Observers rated therapist adherence and alliance for the first five sessions. Depressive symptoms were assessed at each session. For all predictors, we disaggregated within- and between-patient effects. Results Focusing on within-patient predictors, CC-Sustained mediated the relation of CC-Immediate and subsequent symptom change. In addition, both CC-Immediate and CC-Sustained predicted symptom change. Therapist adherence to cognitive methods was the only within-patient variable to predict CC-Immediate. Conclusions These findings are consistent with the view that cognitive change contributes to symptom reductions in CT, and that therapists' use of cognitive methods contributes to cognitive changes during sessions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Scotogenic Cobimaximal Dirac Neutrino Mixing from $\Delta(27)$ and $U(1)_\chi$.

In the context of $SU(3)_C \times SU(2)_L \times U(1)_Y \times U(1)_\chi$, where $U(1)_\chi$ comes from $SO(10) \to SU(5) \times U(1)_\chi$, supplemented by the non-Abelian discrete $\Delta(27)$ symmetry for three lepton families, Dirac neutrino masses and their mixing are radiatively generated through dark matter. The gauge $U(1)_\chi$ symmetry is broken spontaneously. The discrete $\Delta(27)$ symmetry is broken softly and spontaneously. Together, they result in two residual symmetries, a global $U(1)_L$ lepton number and a dark symmetry, which may be $Z_2$, $Z_3$, or $U(1)_D$ depending on what scalar breaks $U(1)_\chi$. Cobimaximal neutrino mixing, i.e. $\theta_{13} \neq 0$, $\theta_{23} = \pi/4$, and $\delta_{CP} = \pm \pi/2$, may also be obtained.
New Lanthanide-Containing Polytungstates Derived from the Cyclic P8W48 Anion: {Ln4(H2O)28[K⊂P8W48O184(H4W4O12)2Ln2(H2O)10]13-}x, Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd†

The reaction of K28Li5H7[P8W48O184]·92H2O with early lanthanides under hydrothermal and conventional conditions yields novel structures of the molecular formula Ln4(H2O)28K6Li7[K⊂P8W48O184(H4W4O12)2Ln2(H2O)10] ≅ 57H2O, Ln = La (1), Ce (2, 2a), Pr (3), Nd (4), in which the central cavity of the precursor anion is occupied by lanthanide cations and H4W4O12 moieties. The new heteropolyanions were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, 31P NMR, and X-ray crystallography. All of the crystals are monoclinic, space group C2/m, with lattice constants (A, E) a = 33.061(3), b = 30.986(3), c = 15.1649(13), β = 103.607(2), (1); a = 33.0577(16), b = 31.0562(15), c = 15.2320(7), β = 104.015(2), (2); a = 33.0577(16), b = 31.0562(15), c = 15.2320(7), β = 104.015(2), (2a); a = 33.007(2), b = 31.060(2), c = 15.2129(10), β = 104.0140(10), (3); a = 32.913(19), b = 31.155(18), c = 15.135(9), β = 103.495(11), (4); and Z = 2.
Using impedance planimetry (EndoFLIP™) in the operating room to assess gastroesophageal junction distensibility and predict patient outcomes following fundoplication

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of using a functional lumen imaging probe (EndoFLIP™) intra-operatively during hiatal hernia repair and fundoplication. Additionally, we hypothesize that these measurements correlate with long-term outcomes. A prospectively maintained quality database was queried. Between 2013 and 2018, 175 patients underwent laparoscopic fundoplication, the majority of which also had a hiatal hernia repair. The EndoFLIP™ was used to measure minimum diameter (Dmin), balloon pressure, and distensibility index (DI) at different timepoints throughout the operation. Clinical outcomes were measured up to 2 years after treatment. Crural closure and fundoplication resulted in a significant increase in balloon pressure and decrease in DI when compared to initial measurements as well as measurements taken after hernia reduction. After 1 year, patients with a final DI 3.5 mm2/mmHg (p = 0.042). EndoFLIP™ measurements correlate well with patient outcomes, with a final DI between 2 and 3.5 mm2/mmHg potentially being ideal. The EndoFLIP™ can be a useful adjunct in the operating room by providing objective measurements of esophageal distensibility after crural closure and fundoplication.
Vadose Zone Infiltration Systems

Surface infiltration systems are generally preferred for managed aquifer recharge (MAR) because they offer the best opportunity for clogging control and water quality improvements through contaminant attenuation processes in the vadose zone. Vadose zone infiltration systems include infiltration trenches, galleries, shafts, pits, and dry wells. Vadose zone recharge systems are used to bypass low-permeability material present at or close to land surface and have the additional advantages of being largely subsurface features and providing an opportunity for contaminant attenuation processes in the unsaturated zone to occur. The main disadvantage of vadose zone infiltration systems is that they are prone to clogging and more difficult to rehabilitate than surface spreading systems and phreatic injection wells.
Conformational Stability Effect of Polymeric Iron Chelators

Summary The design and synthesis of metal chelators with extraordinary metal affinities is a basic and challenging scientific problem of both fundamental and practical importance. Here, we demonstrate a “conformational stability effect” that can significantly enhance the metal affinity of ligands after conjugation to polymer chains with the ability to spontaneously adopt a specific conformation as an optimal “soft” scaffold to ensure maximum thermodynamic stability of the metal complexes. Using iron chelators as models, we show that simple conjugation of small molecule catechol ligands to a polyallylamine chain resulted in more than 8–9 orders of magnitude enhancement of the iron-binding affinity, which is comparable to that of enterobactin, the strongest iron chelator ever known. This study demonstrates that flexible polymer chelators may realize the highest possible metal affinities of the conjugated ligands owing to their ability to achieve an optimal conformation, which could advance the identification of strong metal chelators.
Passive anti-frosting cables

Abstract Buildup of ice and frost on overhead transmission lines compromises their integrity and also poses a danger to surrounding infrastructure and people. We present a passive anti-frosting cable design that keeps the majority of the surface free of condensation and frost, effectively preventing a continuous layer of ice from forming. The design consists of an array of rings, each containing a wicking micro-groove, that are evenly spaced across the aluminum cable. Water preferentially wets the grooves and freezes into ice rings at cold temperatures. As ice exhibits a depressed vapor pressure relative to liquid water, these ice rings act as overlapping humidity sinks. Two supersaturations were tested, an extreme supersaturation of 3 to best measure frost accumulation through video analysis and a supersaturation of 1.5 more reminiscent of real-life outdoor conditions. Regions between rings remained dry indefinitely beneath a critical ring spacing whose value depended primarily upon the supersaturation and secondarily upon the ring diameter. In contrast, continuous sheets of frost grew on aluminum cables that were smooth and initially dry, even when treated with a superhydrophobic coating.
Quo vadis water oxidation

Abstract This perspective on heterogeneous water oxidation electrocatalysis underscores the critical importance of water oxidation for the climate-friendly production of carbon-neutral fuels and value-added chemicals. We discuss recent progress in the field and highlight the unsolved key challenges for the development of catalyst materials that will make clean energy and green chemistry a reality. Special emphasis is given to materials requirements and constraints. We also identify the next frontiers for research towards the discovery of electrocatalytic water oxidation materials with disruptive benefits.
The prosody of other-repetition in Italian: A system of tunes

As part of the project reported on in this special issue, the present study provides an overview of the types of action accomplished by other-repetition in Italian, with particular reference to the variety of the language spoken in the northeastern province of Trento. The analysis surveys actions within the domain of initiating repair, actions that extend beyond initiating repair, and actions that are alternative to initiating repair. Pitch contour emerges as a central design feature of other-repetition in Italian, with six nuclear contours associated with distinct types of action, sequential trajectories, and response patterns. The study also documents the interplay of pitch contour with other prosodic features (pitch span and register) and visible behavior (head nods, eyebrow movements). (Repetition, conversation, prosody, intonation, action, Italian)*
Resilience of Women of Color in Academe: Mitigating the Double Bind

Women faculty of color face a double bind as they endure both racism and sexism, creating dual oppression. These multiple disadvantages result in women of color being exposed to higher rates of car...
Venous Thromboembolism Associated With Pregnancy: JACC Focus Seminar.

Abstract Venous thromboembolism (VTE), composed of pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis, is a significant cause of maternal mortality in the developed world. Normal physiological changes o...
Benefits of Stabilization versus Rollback in Self-Stabilizing Graph-Based Applications on Eventually Consistent Key-Value Stores

In this paper, we evaluate and compare the performance of two approaches, namely self-stabilization and rollback, to handling consistency violating faults (cυf) that occur when a self-stabilizing distributed graph-based program is executed on an eventually consistent key-value store. Consistency violating faults are caused by reading wrong values due to weaker level of consistency provided by the key-value store. One way to deal with these faults is to utilize rollback whereas another way is to rely on the property of self-stabilization that is expected to provide recovery from arbitrary states. We evaluate both these approaches in different case studies -planar graph coloring, arbitrary graph coloring, and maximal matching-as well as for different problem dimensions such as input data characteristics, workload partition, and network latency. We also consider the effect of executing non-stabilizing algorithm with rollback with a similar stabilizing algorithm that does not utilize rollback.
In-Hospital Newborn Falls Associated With a Sleeping Parent: The Case for a New Paradigm

A newborn fall to the floor from a sleeping parent's arms in the immediate postpartum period may result in a skull fracture, head bleed, and transfer to the NICU for observation. These harmful consequences galvanized frontline clinicians to prevent these tragic accidents, but, a decade later, they continue at a stubbornly low, persistent level. In this article, I suggest that a misunderstanding of sleep science may be a barrier to effective interventions. The science of sleep is presented to inform a new paradigm that would have greater potential of eliminating dangerous newborn falls.
The impact of statin use prior to intensive care unit admission on critically ill patients with sepsis.

Objective To evaluate the impact of pre-intensive care unit admission (pre-ICU) statin use on all-cause in-hospital mortality and ICU length of stay (LOS). Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Adult ICUs at tertiary hospitals. Patients Adult critically ill patients diagnosed with sepsis admitted to the ICUs. Intervention The exposure was pre-ICU statin prescription (statin users); unexposed represented absence of pre-ICU prescription (non-users). Measurement and main results We used the 2001-2012 Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III (MIMIC-III) database to determine average treatment effect (ATE) of pre-ICU statin use on 30-day ICU mortality, ICU LOS, and 30-day in-hospital mortality using the Augmented Inverse Propensity Weighted technique (AIPW), after adjusting for confounding factors (age, race, health insurance, corticosteroids use, vital signs, laboratory tests, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (SOFA). We measured 30-day ICU mortality as deaths within 30 days of admission to the ICU, and ICU LOS was measured in fractional days. A 30-day in-hospital mortality was measured as death within 30 days of hospital admission. A total of 8200 patients with sepsis were identified; 19.8% (1623) were statin users, and 80.2% (6577) were non-users. Most were Caucasian, aged 80 years and above, and male. After adjusting for confounding factors, pre-ICU statin use decreased 30-day ICU mortality (ATE, -0.026; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.048 to -0.009); ICU LOS (ATE, -0.369; 95% Cl, -0.849 to -0.096); and 30-day in-hospital mortality (ATE, -0.039; 95% CI, -0.084 to -0.026) on average compared with non-statin use, respectively. In a stratified analysis, the result for ICU LOS (ATE, -0.526; 95% CI, -0.879 to -0.241) and 30-day in-hospital mortality (ATE, -0.023; 95% CI, -0.048 to -0.002) was consistent among patients admitted to the medical ICU. Conclusions Among patients with sepsis admitted to the medical ICU, pre-ICU statin use is causally associated with a decrease in 30-day ICU mortality, ICU LOS, and 30-day in-hospital mortality compared to non-use. This study adds to the totality of evidence on the pleiotropic effect of statin use in patients with sepsis.
Examining Early Effects of Tobacco 21 on Substance Use among Teenagers

We examine the effect of Tobacco 21 laws, which raise the minimum legal sale age of tobacco to 21, on cigarette and e-cigarette use rates for middle school and high school students in the United States. We estimate difference-in-differences models using the Monitoring the Future (MTF) survey data from 2012 to 2018. Our results suggest that these laws reduce cigarette use among underage 12th graders by 28 percent. These effects were particularly pronounced for males and racial/ethnic minorities. We also find limited evidence of these laws affecting cigarette use for 8th and 10th graders. Finally, we find no evidence of these laws affecting e-cigarette use, alcohol use, or marijuana use.
Evaluation of 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-DMAG, KOS-1022) against Childhood Cancer Models by the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program (PPTP)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 4350 17-DMAG is a water-soluble analog of 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), an agent currently in pediatric phase 1 trials. The geldanamycins inhibit Hsp90, a chaperone that is involved in the folding, conformational activation, and assembly of proteins. In the presence of Hsp90 inhibitors, Hsp90 client proteins [e.g., transmembrane tyrosine kinases (e.g., HER2, EGFR, IGF-IR), intermediary signaling kinases (e.g., AKT and Raf), and chimeric signaling proteins (NPM-ALK and Bcr-Abl)] are unable to undergo conformational maturation and instead are targeted for proteasomal degradation. The PPTP was established by NCI to identify novel agents that have significant activity against preclinical models of childhood cancers. The PPTP is based upon prior experience showing that preclinical models can identify drugs known to be active against their respective clinical diseases and can prospectively identify agents that are subsequently shown to have significant activity in phase 1 and 2 clinical trials in children with cancer. The PPTP includes an in vitro panel as well as panels of xenograft models representing kidney tumors/rhabdoid tumors (8), sarcoma (10), non-glioblastoma brain tumors (8), glioblastoma (GBM) (6), neuroblastoma (8), osteosarcoma (8) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) (10). Tumors were selected based upon their growth characteristics and upon gene expression profiles similar to their respective clinical counterparts. Models have also been selected to represent tumors and histologies that have poor prognosis (e.g., rhabdoid tumors, GBM). To ‘calibrate’ the system, standard agents such as vincristine and cyclophosphamide have been evaluated, with the result that the activity patterns observed for the PPTP panels have generally matched the clinical spectrum of activity of these agents. 17-DMAG was tested against the PPTP in vivo tumor panels at 50 mg/kg IP, twice daily 2× per week for 6 weeks. Response by tumor panel was as follows: Kidney –6 Progressive Disease (PD); Sarcoma: 7PD and 1 Stable Disease (SD); Medulloblastoma –4PD; Glioblastoma –2PD; Neuroblastoma –5PD; Osteosarcoma 5PD; and ALL –7PD. Evidence for antitumor activity was observed in two slow-growing ependymoma lines, with tumor regressions meeting criteria for CR observed in each. Conclusions: Based on tumor regressions observed for 17-DMAG against two ependymoma lines, further evaluation is warranted for this diagnosis (e.g., confirmation of activity in an expanded ependymoma panel and evaluation of activity against orthotopic models). 17-DMAG has not shown activity in the other PPTP in vivo tumor panels. Antitumor activity for 17-DMAG against molecular subtypes not represented in the PPTP in vivo panels (e.g., MLL leukemias) can not be ruled out by these results. (Supported by NO1CM42216)
Perturbation of Transonic Flow with Shocks

Perturbation analysis is used to study transonic flows including nonlinear inviscid compressibility effects as in transonic small-disturbance theory, as well as perturbations of boundary conditions and flow parameters (e.g. Mach number M ∞, angle of attack α, thickness ratio τ, wing aspect ratio AR, sweep angle Λ, reduced frequency ω, tunnel height H, etc.).
Vp/Vs—A POTENTIAL HYDROCARBON INDICATOR

Theoretically and experimentally, the shear‐wave velocity of a porous rock has been shown to be less sensitive to fluid saturants than the compressional wave velocity. Thus, observation of the ratio of the seismic velocities for waves which traverse a changing or laterally varying zone of undersaturation or gas saturation could produce an observable anomaly which is independent of the regional variation in compressional wave velocity. One source of shear‐wave data in reflection seismic prospecting is mode conversion of P waves to shear waves in marine areas of high water bottom P-wave velocity. A relatively simple interpretative technique, based on amplitude variation as a function of the angle of incidence, is a possible discriminant between shear and multiple compressional arrivals, and data for a real case are shown. A normal moveout velocity analysis, carefully coupled with this offset discriminant, leads to the construction of a shear‐wave reflection section which can then be correlated with the usua...
Constructive ways for generating (generalized) real orthogonal matrices as products of (generalized) symmetries

The Cartan–Dieudonne–Scherk (CDS) Theorem of Algebraic Group Theory asserts that for fields of characteristic different from 2, every generalized orthogonal matrix can be written as the product of a certain minimal number of generalized symmetries. When computing over R or C, these symmetries are called “Householder matrices” in Numerical Linear Algebra. They play an important role in orthogonal elimination and the QR factorization of matrices. This note gives constructive proofs of a number of results to generate a generalized real (or complex) orthogonal (or unitary) matrix as the product of generalized Householder matrices. The proofs are patterned after the standard Householder elimination practises of Numerical Analysis. The original proofs of the CDS Theorem of around 50 years ago were not constructive but relied on the nonexistence of certain isotropic subspaces with respect to the underlying generalized inner product.
Ultrastructural evidence for the dissociation of free subunits from ferritin upon dilution

Abstract Previous biophysical and biochemical studies have not detected any free monomeric subunits when multimeric molecules of the metalloprotein, ferritin, were highly diluted with water. Electron microscope examination of diluted ferritin reveals many single objects much smaller than the whole molecules. These small objects are interpreted as being free apoferritin subunits. Since these small objects can be found in samples that originally contain only whole molecules, this result indicates that subunits indeed can dissociate from ferritin upon dilution. The available evidence suggests that the dissociation of subunits normally is balanced by a rapid reassociation into the polymeric state.
Unsteady Aerodynamic Effects on the Flight Characteristics of an F-16XL Configuration

Unsteady aerodynamic models based on windtunnel forced oscillation test data and analyzed with a fuzzy logic algorithm arc incorporated into an F-16XL flight simulation code. The reduced frequency needed in the unsteady models is numerically calculated by using a limited prior time history of state variables in a least-square sense. Numerical examples arc presented to show the accuracy of the calculated reduced frequency. Oscillatory control inputs are employed to demonstrate the differences in the flight characteristics based on unsteady and quasi-steady aerodynamic models. Application of the unsteady aerodynamic models is also presented and the results are compared with one set of F16XIL longitudinal maneuver flight data. It is shown that the main differences in dynamic response are in the lateral-directional characteristics, with the quasi-steady model being more stable than the flight vehicle, while the unsteady model being more unstable. Similar conclusions can also be made in a simulated rapid sideslipping roll. To improve unsteady aerodynamic modeling, it is recommended to acquire test data with coupled motions in pitch, roll and yaw.
An Exploratory Analysis of History Students’ Dissertation Acknowledgments

Abstract Librarians and archivists can gain insight into the disciplinary culture of historians, and history doctoral students in particular, by examining the acknowledgment sections of these students’ doctoral dissertations. This paper is an exploratory analysis of the 219 history dissertations written at the University of Oklahoma between 1930 and 2005.
Updating elements of a collection in place

There are many data structures which store an object and provide a handle which may subsequently be used to identify the object stored. Ada makes it difficult to treat these data structures, which we call collections, in a general way. More specifically, without providing some knowledge of the internal structure of the collection, it is hard to provide the user of the collection with facilities for updating an element of the collection in place. This paper discusses some of the difficulties and then, through a sequence of solved problems, shows how such facilities can be constructed.
Enhancement of psychotherapy using epigenetic modulating drugs

Recent evidence suggests that covalent modifications to the genomic platform in the brain, that is DNA and its surrounding histones, provide a stable potentially lifelong mechanism for remembrance. Consequently, the making and unmaking of memories is accessible through pharmacological manipulations of these modifications. This has implications for psychotherapy and long-term rehabilitation of CNS disorders. We hypothesize that by enhancing learning through pharmacologically manipulating ‘epigenetic’ parameters, the effects of psychotherapies and rehabilitation can be enhanced.
United States Societal Backlash Against Vulvar Examination of Preteen Girl

Background Although a physical examination should include assessment of all major organ systems, inspection of the external genitalia may present unique challenges to patients and doctors. The current nationwide controversy involving a woman pediatrician and 59 sixth-grade schoolgirls from East Stroudsburg, PA. illustrates how a seemingly simple routine medical examination could be regarded by angry opposing viewpoints. Methods The data were collected hy an exhaustive search of newspaper accounts, court records and the computer internet. Results On March 19, 1996, as required by the state public school code, 59 eleven and twelve-year-old girls whose health records had theretofore not been completed by a private physician were examined by a school physician whose job it was to perform “a medical examination and comprehensive appraisal of health.” A genital examination was included. The physician described it as visual inspection and “retract[ion]” of the external genitalia “to see if there were any warts or vaginal lesions.” In the days that followed, parents of some of the girls complained publicly that the genital examination was inappropriate, unindicated, unauthorized, unprecedented, unexpected and emotionally traumatic; characterizing it as “indecency,” “molestation,” and “rape.” The school board and state police found it consistent with health department guidelines. Some private patients, the local hospital and county medical society publicly praised the doctor. Nevertheless, the story of the “Pennsylvania outrage” was carried in newspapers from Oklahoma to Florida, condemned on nationally syndicated talk-radio programs and strongly criticized on at least 7 different internet web sites. The local district attorney was “inundated” with telephone calls of protest from as far away as Minnesota and Wisconsin. The Rutherford Institute, a civil liberties legal organization from Charlottesville, VA., became involved. Two lawsuits have been filed in federal court alleging, among other things, that in spite of the explicit objections from the girls, “strip searches and body cavity searches” were performed violating their rights under the 4th amendment to the Unite States Constitution. Conclusion Notwithstanding the doctor's good intentions, there was widespread expression of sentiment in opposition to the belief that a routine genital examination served the best health interests of these girls.
A radiometric calibration of the SPECMAP timescale

The astronomical theory of climate change asserts that Earth's climate is affected by changes in its orbit, which vary the seasonal and latitudinal distribution of solar radiation. This theory is the basis of the orbitally tuned SPECMAP timescale. A key constraint for this important chronology was the mid-point of the Penultimate Deglaciation, initially dated to 127,000 years ago. Recent work suggests this event may be considerably older, casting doubt on the astronomical theory, the SPECMAP timescale, and the accuracy of orbitally tuned chronologies. Difficulties with U/Th coral dating of sea-level events have impeded progress on this problem, because most corals are not closed systems. Here, we use a new approach to U/Th dating that corrects for open-system behavior and produces a sea-level curve of sufficient resolution to confidently correlate with SPECMAP over the last 240,000 years, permitting a reassessment of both this critical chronology and a central tenet of climate change theory. High-precision ages for 24 oxygen isotope events provide a 240,000-year chronology for marine δ18O records that is independent of orbital tuning assumptions. Although there appear to be significant differences between the radiometric and orbitally tuned timescales near the lastglacial maximum and at the Marine Isotope Stage 7/6 boundary, a comparison of radiometric and SPECMAP ages for identical isotope events suggest that the SPECMAP timescale is quite accurate and that its errors were, in general, overestimated. Despite suborbital complexity, orbital cyclicity is clearly evident in our record. High-amplitude sea-level oscillations at periods greater than ∼20,000 years are very close in phase to summer insolation in the Northern Hemisphere. Although sea-level changes cannot be uniquely tied to a specific season or latitude of insolation forcing, the simplest explanation is that long-period, high-amplitude sea-level change is linked to Northern Hemisphere insolation forcing. These results validate the principles of orbital tuning and suggest such timescales are generally robust.
[3H]-noradrenaline secretion from rat cortex synaptosomes perforated with Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin

Abstract Rat cortex synaptosomes have been successfully perforated with high concentrations (≥400 U/ml) of Staphylococcus aureus α -toxin. The free Ca 2+ -concentration dependence of [ 3 H]-noradrenaline release was similar to that observed for PC 12 and chromaffin cells. Release from the α -toxin perforated synaptosomes was not significantly inhibited by ω -conotoxin GVIA. Initially, Ca 2+ -dependent release was independent of MgATP (for 0.5 min), but became increasingly dependent on MgATP with time. Lactate dehydrogenase efflux from α -toxin-perforated synaptosomes was not different than efflux from control synaptosomes, and an antibody to N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein did not enter the synaptosomes. [ 3 H]-noradrenaline release was temperature and α -toxin-concentration dependent. Ca 2+ -dependent release was more resistant to rundown from α -toxin- than from streptolysin-O-perforated synaptosomes. This preparation of perforated synaptosomes should be useful for studies of regulated exocytosis from nerve endings.
Fetal cardiac anomalies

Abstract Fetal cardiac anomalies are increasingly identified during regular obstetric scanning. About 2 1000 pregnancies will have an abnormality of the four chamber view and a further 1 1000 will have an abnormality of the great arteries. These cases can then be referred to the specialist in fetal cardiology for further evaluation and counselling. There is a higher rate of chromosomal and other extracardiac anomalies in fetuses with congenital heart disease, so a careful study of the fetal anatomy, and often an amniocentesis, is indicated, particularly in continuing pregnancies. The natural history of many defects which are identifiable prenatally tends to be worse than that expected postnatally. This is because of an increased rate of spontaneous fetal loss, progression of cardiac disease prenatally and because a more severe spectrum of disease is seen in fetal life. Many parents will choose to interrupt a pregnancy where there is complex disease present. In continuing pregnancies, ideal management includes delivery of the affected infant in a center where postnatal treatment can be expedited immediately and cardiac surgery can take place if indicated.
Evolution and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Effectively Communicating to Non-technicians

Given the degree of disbelief in the theory of evolution by the wider public, scientists need to develop a collection of clear explanations and metaphors that demonstrate the working of the theory and the flaws in anti-evolutionist arguments. This paper presents tools of this sort for countering the anti-evolutionist claim that evolutionary mechanisms are inconsistent with the second law of thermodynamics. Images are provided to replace the traditional misunderstanding of the law, i.e., “everything always gets more disordered over time,” with a more clear sense of the way in which entropy tends to increase allowing a thermally isolated system access to a greater number of microstates. Accessible explanations are also provided for the ways in which individual organisms are able to minimize entropy and the advantages this conveys.
Progress in modeling cardiac electrical activity: a long way from spherical cows.

ajor usites e imu t to 45 m odel i 5-mm e ing m ated r e 2 l mm c were a the i act yer. T n the m pling b ial l ayer c iffere layer o in t ling w erent r ial l r. coup form t the E and a were t was u Ree bet e i m d t s u A few decades ago, the following apocryphal story old by workers in scientific areas in which modeling erformed. “Milk production at a dairy farm was low s armer wrote to the local university, asking help from emia. A multidisciplinary team of professors was ass led, headed by a theoretical physicist, and two week ntensive on-site investigation took place. The scholars t eturned to the university, notebooks crammed with d here the task of writing the report was left to the eader. Shortly thereafter, the farmer received the write nd opened it to read on the first line: ‘Consider a sph ow . . . .’” 1 The point of this story is that although t ay be mathematical beauty and elegance in pure, an cal models such as those dealing with perfect solids pheres, such models are inadequate to deal with the oints of reality in all its gritty, fractal, nonlinear deta The early computer models of cardiac electrical acti ere highly oversimplified and did not accurately repre eality. For example, the changes in the transmembr otential during an action potential were simulated in 960s with a model that had only 2 variables and th ot specifically include any of the ion channels. 2 As another xample, the first publication by one of us represented ody as a sphere, cardiac electrical activity as a handf iscrete dipoles, and totally ignored the effects of the erent conductivities of the different anatomic structu ithin the body. 3 The last few decades have seen astou ng strides in the realism, and consequently the comple f computer models of cardiac electrical activity. For mple, sophisticated models of the action potential exist ontain far more integrated variables with 15 sarcolem urrents, 4 sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2 fluxes, and 24 ctivation/inactivation gates, and represent all of the m on channels. Algorithms have been developed that sim ate the spread of wavefront propagation at millions of n a realistic anatomic model of the heart. 5,6
On Medea's Great Monologue (E. Med. 1021–80)

In his new text of Euripides (Oxford, 1984) James Diggle shows that he has the courage of his convictions: he deletes the last twenty-five lines of Medea's great monologue. He is to be applauded for following ratio et res ipsa where it leads him and being undaunted by the sight of so much blood. No editor of Euripides before him, as far as I am aware, has ever been courageous enough to put these lines in square brackets, although their deletion had been a subject of discussion for exactly one hundred years at the time Diggle's edition appeared.But though Diggle is to be praised for his courage in following reason, I believe he is mistaken. The arguments for excision are far from negligible, and defenders of the passage show a regrettable tendency to underestimate their force. But while I shall give these objections as much weight as any of those who urge deletion, I shall argue that there is a much more economical way of dealing with them than large-scale amputation. I shall accordingly pay close attention to the problems for which excision is the proposed solution, with inevitable repetition of earlier scholars' arguments. Since I have myself recommended athetesis of long passages on several occasions, I do not think I will be regarded as insufficiently alive to the possibility of interpolation or overly reluctant to wield the knife. In this instance, however, there are strong stylistic grounds for believing in the genuineness of most of the passage in question.
CTX genetic element encodes a site-specific recombination system and an intestinal colonization factor

In Vibrio cholerae, the genes encoding cholera toxin (ctxAB) are located on a segment of DNA (termed the "core" region) that is flanked by two or more copies of a repeated sequence called RS1. Together these DNA units comprise the CTX genetic element. Evidence presented here suggests that RS1 sequences encode a site-specific recombination system, which allows integration of a suicide plasmid carrying RS1 into an 18-base-pair sequence (attRS1) located on the chromosome of nontoxigenic V. cholerae strains. Strains of V. cholerae with large deletions removing attRS1 and the entire CTX genetic element no longer undergo site-specific recombination with the RS1 sequence. Additionally, these deletion strains show a defect in intestinal colonization. Recombination experiments localize the gene responsible for enhancing colonization to a portion of the core region of the CTX element. The identified gene encodes a peptide that is highly similar in amino acid sequence to the flexible pilin of Aeromonas hydrophila. These results have important implications in the construction of stable, live attenuated cholera vaccines.
Developing an ontology-supported information integration and recommendation system for scholars

With the growing popularity of Internet technology, information is increasing in a geometric-progressively manner. How to find advantage information to meet user queries in the information torrent of Internet has become the first goal of lots of scholars. This paper focused on developing an ontology-supported information integration and recommendation system for scholars. Not only can it rapidly integrate specific domain documents, but also it can extract important information from them by information integration and recommendation ranking. The core technologies adopted in this study included: ontology-supported webpage crawler, webpage classifier, information extractor, information recommender, and a user integration interface. The preliminary experiment outcomes proved both the webpage crawler and classifier in the core technology can achieve an excellent precision rate of webpage treatment and the reliability and validation measurements of the whole system performance can also achieve the high-level outcomes of information recommendation. Further, this paper also discussed and examined the advantages and shortcomings of the construction of a recommendation system with different approaches and accordingly provided the design philosophy of customized services for recommendation systems.
Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Properties of Bis(bis(sulfonamido)) Titanium Complexes

Reaction of the titanium tetraamide Ti(NMe2)4 with 2 equiv of racemic or resolved bis(sulfonamide) ligand resulted in the formation of the [bis(sulfonamido)]2Ti complexes (TiL2) and N,N-dimethylamine. We have characterized the resulting TiL2 complexes by X-ray crystallography and variable-temperature NMR spectrometry to explore differences in the bonding and geometry of the bis(sulfonamido) ligand in these complexes. When racemic ligand was used, the resulting TiL2 complexes consisted of the homochiral and heterochiral diastereomers. One of these heterochiral diastereomers was characterized by X-ray crystallography (7hetero). When resolved ligand was employed, it was found that the product composition was dependent on the size of the bis(sulfonamide) ligand employed in the synthesis. When the aryl group of the bis(sulfonamide) ligand was tolyl (1res), two diastereomeric compounds were observed that were in equilibrium. These complexes were the C2-6homo and Cs-6homo diastereomers. When the aryl group was 2,5-dimethylphenyl (Xyl) (3rac), the major product was determined to be the homochiral diastereomer, C2-8homo, by X-ray crystallography. The homochiral diastereomer generated from the bis(sulfonamide) ligand with the aryl group 5-chloro-2-methoxy phenyl (4res) also gave the homochiral diastereomer C2-9homo. By NMR spectrometry both C2-8homo and C2-9homo were found to be single diastereomers, and no signals that could be attributed to the Cssymmetric counterparts to Cs-6homo were observed. The structures of C2-6homo, 7hetero, C2-8homo, and C2-9homo were determined. Although the geometries between the homochiral and heterochiral diastereomers are very different, the metrical parameters are not. Each of the titanium centers in these structures is eight-coordinate. The ligand was found to bind through one of the sulfonyl oxygens of each sulfonyl group as well as the sulfonamido nitrogens. The Ti-N distances of the sulfonamido groups range from 2.070(3) to 2.095(3) A, while Ti-O sulfonyl distances range from 2.159(2) to 2.328(3) A. The bis(sulfonamide) ligands used in this work have also been used in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes. This reaction is very efficient and gives excellent enantioselectivity with a wide variety of aldehydes. To determine if the TiL2 complexes were involved in the catalysis, an equilibrium mixture of the diastereomers C2-6homo/Cs-6homo was used in the asymmetric addition and compared with the catalyst generated under the reaction conditions from the ligand 1res. Although the mixture of C2-6homo/Cs-6homo gave high enantioselectivity, it exhibited different enantioselectivity and turnover frequency from the catalyst generated from 1res.
An exact determination of the mean dwell time based on the quantum clock of Salecker and Wigner

Abstract A modification of the Salecker-Wigner quantum clock leads to precisely the expected result for the mean dwell time. However, the mean transmission and reflection times that apparently emerge naturally from the theoretical analysis can have unphysical properties. A relativistic analysis using the Dirac equation supports this conclusion.
Phasing sparse arrays of heterodyne receivers

We describe two new methods for phasing arrays of heterodyne receivers. Both can be used when the arrays are sparse and distributed. One is based on the iterative transform algorithm using a support constraint and the other on maximizing image sharpness. Both work well; they require a modest number of speckle realizations with the same aberrations and are relatively immune to measurement noise.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
DNA sequence, genomic organization, and chromosomal localization of the mouse peripheral myelin protein zero gene: identification of polymorphic alleles.

Abstract We have cloned and characterized the mouse gene, P 0 , that encodes the predominant protein of peripheral myelin. Similar to the rat gene, the mouse P 0 gene is encoded by six exons that span about 7 kb of DNA. The DNA sequence of the mouse gene is highly homologous with the rat gene, including the regions believed to be important in transcriptional control. Furthermore, the P 0 protein appears well conserved throughout evolution. The gene was mapped to mouse chromosome 1 by Southern analysis of a Chinese hamster × mouse somatic cell hybrid panel. Several polymorphic restriction enzyme sites were identified within the P 0 locus. Recombinant inbred strain mapping has linked the P 0 gene to Ly-9/Ly-17/Sap in a region corresponding to band 1H3.