cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Different risk factor patterns for metabolic syndrome in men with spinal cord injury compared with able-bodied men despite similar prevalence rates.

Abstract Liang H, Chen D, Wang Y, Rimmer JH, Braunschweig CL. Different risk factor patterns for metabolic syndrome in men with spinal cord injury compared with able-bodied men despite similar prevalence rates. Objective To determine if the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and risk factors differs between age- and race-matched men with spinal cord injury (SCI) and able-bodied men. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Urban university. Participants Men with SCI (n=185), ages 20 to 59 years, were matched 1 to 1 with able-bodied men from the 1999−2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, triglyceride (TG), total (TC), and low- (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Results Despite similar prevalence for metabolic syndrome, different risk factor patterns were found between groups. Men with SCI had a significantly lower mean HDL, TG, and glucose in addition to lower TC and LDL. After adjusting for smoking, education, and household income by using conditional logistic regression, men with SCI had a higher risk for abdominal obesity (odd ratio [OR]=1.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07−2.96) and reduced HDL (OR=1.76; 95% CI, 1.06−2.94) but lower risks for elevated glucose (OR=0.55; 95% CI, 0.33−0.94) than their able-bodied counterparts. By using linear regression and controlling for waist circumference, men with SCI had lower TC, LDL, TG, and glucose concentrations but lower HDL. Racial differences in risks were found in both SCI and able-bodied men; however, among the SCI men, prevalence for low HDL and elevated glucose was similar between whites and African Americans. Conclusions Men with SCI do not appear to have an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared with able-bodied counterparts, suggesting that other nontraditional risks may contribute to their increased mortality from cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
The Fur Trade

IT is recorded in the “Life of Professor Owen” that on one occasion Lord John Russell sent him a bone, requesting that it might be identified. Owen replied that it was an ordinary ham-bone, pertaining to the genus Sus, and was informed that Lord John had received from President Grant what purported to be a bear's ham, concerning which he had his doubts, hence the inquiry.
Psychiatric comorbidity in patients with attention deficit disorder: a controlled study.

Abstract In a controlled study of attention deficit disorder (ADD), psychiatric disorders in ADD patients ( N = 22) were compared with those in normal control subjects ( N = 20). The rates of conduct disorder, oppositional disorder, major affective disorder, tics (non‐Tourette), encopresis, and learning difficulties were significantly higher in ADD patients than in normal control subjects. Examining groups of ADD patients based on the presence or absence of a major DSM‐III codiagnosis may be a useful approach in defining the heterogeneity of this disorder.
Glucose-6-phosphate transporter gene therapy corrects metabolic and myeloid abnormalities in glycogen storage disease type Ib mice

Glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD-Ib) is caused by a deficiency in the glucose-6-phosphate transporter (G6PT), an endoplasmic reticulum-associated transmembrane protein that is ubiquitously expressed. GSD-Ib patients suffer from disturbed glucose homeostasis and myeloid dysfunctions. To evaluate the feasibility of gene replacement therapy for GSD-Ib, we have infused adenoviral (Ad) vector containing human G6PT (Ad-hG6PT) into G6PT-deficient (G6PT(-/-)) mice that manifest symptoms characteristics of the human disorder. Ad-hG6PT infusion restores significant levels of G6PT mRNA expression in the liver, bone marrow and spleen, and corrects metabolic as well as myeloid abnormalities in G6PT(-/-) mice. The G6PT(-/-) mice receiving gene therapy exhibit improved growth; normalized serum profiles for glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, uric acid and lactic acid; and reduced hepatic glycogen deposition. The therapy also corrects neutropenia and lowers the elevated serum levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. The development of bone and spleen in the infused G6PT(-/-) mice is improved and accompanied by increased cellularity and normalized myeloid progenitor cell frequencies in both tissues. This effective use of gene therapy to correct metabolic imbalances and myeloid dysfunctions in GSD-Ib mice holds promise for the future of gene therapy in humans.
Human terrain exploitation suite: applying visual analytics to open source information.

This paper presents the concept development and demonstration of the Human Terrain Exploitation Suite (HTES) under development at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory’s Tactical Information Fusion Branch. The HTES is an amalgamation of four complementary visual analytic capabilities that target the exploitation of open source information. Open source information, specifically news feeds, blogs and other social media, provide a unique opportunity to collect and examine salient topics and trends. Analysis of open source information provides valuable insights into determining opinions, values, cultural nuances and other socio-political aspects within a military area of interest. The early results of the HTES field study indicate that the tools greatly increased the analysts’ ability to exploit open source information, but improvement through greater cross-tool integration and correlation of their results is necessary for further advances.
The learning machine: mobile UX design that combines information design with persuasion design

In an era of increasing need for educated workers, higher costs of education, and emergence of virtual universities appealing to worldwide markets, new tablet-based online learning solutions are inevitable. The Learning Machine project of 2012 combines information design with persuasion design and seeks to change learning behavior in the short- and in the long-term. This paper explains the development of its user interface.
Multi-camera multi-person tracking for EasyLiving

While intelligent environments are often cited as a reason for doing work on visual person-tracking, really making an intelligent environment exposes many real-world problems in visual tracking that must be solved to make the technology practical. In the context of our EasyLiving project in intelligent environments, we created a practical person-tracking system that solves most of the real-world problems. It uses two sets of color stereo cameras for tracking multiple people during live demonstrations in a living room. The stereo images are used for locating people, and the color images are used for maintaining their identities. The system runs quickly enough to make the room feel responsive, and it tracks multiple people standing, walking, sitting, occluding, and entering and leaving the space.
Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in the brain: a new regulator of cerebral blood flow?

It is well established that stimulation of receptors on the endothelium can elicit dilation of arteries and arterioles by initiating the synthesis and release of nitric oxide (NO) and/or metabolites of the cyclooxygenase pathway (most often prostacyclin). Recent evidence now suggests that there is at least one other endothelium-dependent dilator mechanism that does not involve NO or a cyclooxygenase metabolite. This mechanism has been termed “endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor” (EDHF). (Note that EDHF is different from endothelium-derived relaxing factor [EDRF], which is often associated with NO. It should also be noted that recent studies suggest that EDHF may not be a “factor” but rather a process or mechanism. To be more accurate, the term “EDHF” should be referred to as a non-NO, noncyclooxygenase endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization. However, in order to maintain consistency in the literature, we will refer to it as “EDHF.”) We believe that EDHF is a major regulator of cerebral blood flow during physiological states and may become even more important following pathological insults such as ischemia or traumatic brain injury. The purpose of this editorial is to familiarize the reader with EDHF and to highlight the potential importance of EDHF in the cerebral circulation. While the defining criteria for EDHF or the mechanism of endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations can vary, we will characterize the process as (1) requiring endothelium, (2) being distinct from NO and a cyclooxygenase metabolite, (3) hyperpolarizing the vascular smooth muscle (VSM), and (4) involving calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channels. The existence of a third pathway was alluded to in the late 1980s, when some endothelium-dependent relaxations were shown to be resistant to inhibitors of NO and cyclooxygenase.1,2⇓ Although it has been suggested that EDHF-dependent dilations reflect incomplete inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS),3 there is now convincing evidence of the existence of a non-NO, …
Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Digital Filters

Digital filters are typically used to modify or alter the attributes of a signal in the time or frequency domain. The most common digital filter is the linear time-invariant (LTI) filter. An LTI interacts with its input signal through a process called linear convolution, denoted by y = f * x where f is the filter’s impulse response, x is the input signal, and y is the convolved output.
Social Factors Associated With Behavioral Problems in Children With Asthma

The objective of this study was to describe the proportion of children with a behavior problem and examine which independent variables are associated with the presence of a behavior problem in a group of 392 inner-city children with asthma. Data on child asthma symptoms, medication use, health-care utilization, and school absences were obtained from the parent during a structured telephone interview. Included in the interview was a measure of behavior problems and social support questions. Children classified with a high level of asthma symptoms were more than twice as likely to experience a behavior problem than children classified with a low level of asthma symptoms (P = 0.002). Use of theophylline medication was not correlated with behavior problems (P = 0.45). Significant variables were low level of social support and high or moderate level of asthma symptoms. We have identified a group of children at risk for behavior problems, specifically in families that lack adequate social and financial resources.
Gait Transitions for Quasi-Static Hexapedal Locomotion on Level Ground

As robot bodies become more capable, the motivation grows to better coordinate them–whether multiple limbs attached to a body or multiple bodies assigned to a task. This paper introduces a new formalism for coordination of periodic tasks, with specific application to gait transitions for legged platforms. Specifically, we make modest use of classical group theory to replace combinatorial search and optimization with a computationally simpler and conceptually more straightforward appeal to elementary algebra.
The inferelator 2.0: A scalable framework for reconstruction of dynamic regulatory network models

Current methods for reconstructing biological networks often learn either the topology of large networks or the kinetic parameters of smaller networks with a well-characterized topology. We have recently described a network reconstruction algorithm, the Inferelator 1.0, that given a set of genome-wide measurements as input, simultaneously learns both topology and kinetic-parameters. Specifically, it learns a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that describe the rate of change in transcription of each gene or gene-cluster, as a function of environmental and transcription factors. In order to scale to large networks, in Inferelator 1.0 we have approximated the system of ODEs to be uncoupled, and have solved each ODE using a one-step finite difference approximation. Naturally, these approximations become crude as the simulated time-interval increases. Here we present, implement, and test a new Markov-Chain-Monte-Carlo (MCMC) dynamical modeling method, Infere-lator 2.0, that works in tandem with Inferelator 1.0 and is designed to relax these approximations. We show results for the prokaryote Halobacterium that demonstrate a marked improvement in our predictive performance in modeling the regulatory dynamics of the system over longer time-scales.
Training outreach workers for AIDS prevention in rural India: is it sustainable?

Through a process of community diagnosis and participation a non-governmental organization in rural Karnataka state in India selected and trained peer outreach workers to implement and sustain AIDS prevention education activities. This activity was part of a larger AIDS education project that aimed at creating awareness and promoting risk-reducing behaviours in the community. This paper describes efforts of the project to identify and train peer educators during its implementation phase and discusses strategies used to facilitate sustainability. We evaluate the impact of these efforts by conducting an analysis in the project area 2 years after the end of the project. The findings reveal generalized interest among rural communities in HIV prevention issues. The project originally conducted an extensive survey to understand community organization and composition which helped to identify potential partners and peer educators. Training peer educators was a multi-step process and one with high attrition. While individual peer educators were an excellent resource during the life of the project peer educators affiliated with village level institutions had the interest access to resources and willingness to sustain project efforts. However the sustainability of their efforts was associated with the quality of interactions with the project implementation team the strength and leadership of their own institutions the perceived benefits of implementing AIDS education activities after project life and the gender of the outreach worker. Non-sustainers did not have an organizational structure to backstop their work were often poor and unemployed persons who later found gainful employment and overwhelmingly were female. We present a conceptual model based on these findings to help future projects plan for and achieve sustainability. (authors)
Interneuron loss reduces dendritic inhibition and GABA release in hippocampus of aged rats

Aging is associated with impairments in learning and memory and a greater incidence of limbic seizures. These changes in the aged brain have been associated with increased excitability of hippocampal pyramidal cells caused by a reduced number of gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) interneurons. To better understand these issues, we performed cell counts of GABAergic interneurons and examined GABA efflux and GABAergic inhibition in area CA1 of the hippocampus of young (3-5 months) and aged (26-30 months) rats. Aging significantly reduced high K(+)/Ca(2+)-evoked GABA, but not glutamate efflux in area CA1. Immunostaining revealed a significant loss of GABAergic interneurons, but not inhibitory boutons in stratum oriens and stratum lacunosum moleculare. Somatostatin-immunoreactive oriens-lacunosum moleculare (O-LM) cells, but not parvalbumin-containing interneurons were selectively lost. Oriens-lacunosum moleculare cells project to distal dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells, providing dendritic inhibition. Accordingly, inhibition of dendritic input to CA1 from entorhinal cortex was selectively reduced. These findings suggest that the age-dependent loss of interneurons impairs dendritic inhibition and dysregulates entorhinal cortical input to CA1, potentially contributing to cognitive impairment and seizures.
How do streamflow generation mechanisms affect watershed hypsometry

Several studies have shown that the dominant streamflow generation mechanism in a river basin can leave distinct geomorphological signatures in basin topography. In particular, it has been suggested previously that basins generated by groundwater discharge tend to have a larger hypsometric integral than surface runoff basins because fluvial erosion is more focused in the valleys where groundwater discharge tends to occur. In this analysis, we aim to clarify this relationship by developing an alternative method to quantify the effects of streamflow generation mechanisms on basin hypsometry and by using a numerical model that can generate streamflow by different processes to evaluate the sensitivity of the results to the hydrological and geomorphological properties of the basin. The model results suggest that the hypsometric characteristics that are usually associated with groundwater discharge basins, such as a larger hypsometric integral, occur primarily when drainage networks are still advancing in the watershed. During later stages of development, an additional factor such as lithological controls or a distinct geomorphological process would be needed to preserve these features. The model results also show that the hypsometric effects are stronger when the parameters of the fluvial erosion process promote the influence of small discharge rates. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Challenging the need for random directed biopsies of the nasopharynx, pyriform sinus, and contralateral tonsil in the workup of unknown primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Background Many guidelines recommend random directed biopsies of the nasopharynx, contralateral tonsil, and hypopharynx to evaluate an unknown primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. There are no published data documenting the need for these recommendations. The purpose of our study was to report the rate of positive blind biopsies in this setting. Methods We recorded the rate of positive random directed biopsies performed as part of the workup for 156 patients treated with radiotherapy between 1985 and 2014 for an unknown primary squamous cell carcinoma presenting with the main location of adenopathy in nodal stations 2, 3, 4, or 5. Results Rate of positive result by subsite: nasopharynx and pyriform sinus = 0%; tonsillectomy: ipsilateral = 39%, bilateral = 6%; and base of tongue = 18%. Conclusion With modern imaging, random directed biopsies of the nasopharynx and hypopharynx are unnecessary in the workup of unknown primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2015
Is humanity suicidal

The world's fauna and flora has entered a crisis unparalleled since the end of the Mesozoic Era, with the extinction rate of species now elevated to more than a thousand times that existing before the coming of humanity. Scientists and policy makers are ill-prepared to moderate this hemorrhaging, because so little is known of the biology of the Earth's millions of species and because so little effort has been directed toward conservation thus far. With the vanished species will go great potential wealth in scientific knowledge, new products, ecosystems services, and part of the natural world in which the human species originated. The need for new research and improved management is thus urgent. If it is not met, humanity will likely survive, but in a world biologically impoverished for all time.
Women and Alcohol Abuse—Factors Involved in Successful Interventions

This paper examines factors involved in successful interventions that led 18 alcoholic women to seek treatment. Literature was lacking concerning intervention with women, though there was one general source on intervention. A hypothesis on the benefit of families was contradicted. In the research, families were usually nonexistent or a barrier to recovery. Findings indicated that successful interventions ranged from a choice of treatment versus jail to seeking help due to internal feelings.
Phosphorylation of the Anaphase-promoting Complex/Cdc27 Is Involved in TGF-β Signaling

Loss of TGF-β-induced growth inhibition is a hallmark of many human tumors. Previous studies implied that activation of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/cyclosome) is involved in the TGF-β signaling pathway, which facilitates the destruction of SnoN, a transcriptional co-suppressor, which leads in turn to the transactivation of TGF-β-responsive genes for cell cycle arrest. The function of APC was demonstrated in TGF-β signal transduction, but the mechanism by which it is activated in response to TGF-β signaling remains unclear. We report here that phosphorylation of Cdc27, a core subunit of APC, in response to TGF-β signaling can facilitate the activation of APC. We have demonstrated that casein kinase II (CKII) is involved in the phosphorylation of Cdc27 in response to TGF-β signaling. Depletion of CKII by shRNA abolishes the TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of Cdc27 and subsequent degradation of SnoN. Disruptive mutation of Cdc27 (S154A) attenuates TGF-β-induced SnoN degradation. In addition, expression of a phosphorylation-resistant Cdc27 mutant significantly attenuates TGF-β-induced growth inhibition. Together, the results suggest that phosphorylation of Cdc27 by CKII is involved in TGF-β-induced activation of APC.
Proposed separability restriction tests using nonparametric regression methods

This article proposes some tests for separability restriction incorporating nonparametric regression methods, as well as offering their general statistic characteristics. An effective separability restriction test is essential for appropriate model specification or appropriate implementation of semi-parametric estimation. In this article, I describe two procedures to yield the estimated residuals, which is very sensitive to separability restriction, upon which one test statistics is proposed. In some benchmark models of sine/cosine functions, I simulate out the probability density function of test statistics in a small sample. These presented results and analysis show that the proposed estimator is robust and effective to variable functional form of regression curves and to variable scale factors, broader than the ‘optimal’ level, and can be put conveniently and widely into a practical use.
Compact spiral antennas for MICS band wireless endoscope toward pediatric applications

Endoscopy is a medical procedure carrying out in-vivo tests [1]. The conventional wired endoscopy process is pain staking and time consuming. An alternative to this wired one would be a wireless endoscope system. Various pill type endoscopes such as iPill [2], Sayaka [3], and Smart Pill [4] have been developed for drug delivery, imaging, and pH sensing in the stomach and intestines. The current device size of approximately 10mm × 20mm allows the usage of products only for a human adult as the average diameter of adult upper esophagus of approximately 13mm is large enough to accommodate such devices [5] while they are too big for children. To extend the usage of such wireless endoscopy to pediatric applications, pill should be greatly reduced in size. For instance, a standard small ‘Size 1’ capsule [6] with a dimension of 6.91mm × 19.4mm would be appropriate.
Reverse-time migration-based reflection tomography using teleseismic free surface multiples

Converted and multiply reflected phases from teleseismic events are routinely used to create structural images of the crust-mantle boundary (Moho) and the elasticity contrasts within the crust and upper mantle. The accuracy of these images is to a large extent determined by the background velocity model used to propagate these phases to depth. In order to improve estimates of 3-D velocity variations and, hence, improve imaging, we develop a method of reverse-time migration-based reflection tomography for use with wavefields from teleseismic earthquakes recorded at broad-band seismograph arrays. Reflection tomography makes use of data redundancy – that is, the ability to generate numerous structural images of the subsurface with different parts of the wavefield. In exploration seismology (where it is known as migration velocity analysis) reflection tomography typically involves the generation of an extended image (e.g. offsetor angle-gathers), and the fitness of the background model is evaluated through the application of image-domain annihilators. In regional-scale passive source seismology, however, annihilation-based methods are inadequate because the sparse and irregular distribution of teleseismic sources is not likely to produce illumination over a sufficient range of angles. To overcome this problem we turn towards a source-indexed moveout scheme. Instead of extended image annihilation, we determine the success of the tomographic velocity model by cross correlating images produced with multiply-scattered waves from different teleseismic sources. The optimal velocity model is the one that minimizes correlation power between windowed images away from zero depth shift. We base our inversion scheme on the seismic adjoint method and a conjugate gradient solver. For each image pair, the update direction is determined by correlations between downgoing wavefields with upgoing adjoint wavefields for both images. The sensitivity kernels used in this method is similar to those found in other forms of adjoint tomography, but their shapes are controlled by the spatial distribution of the error function. We present the method and a proof-of-concept with 2-D synthetic data.
Reflectivity enhanced two-dimensional dielectric particle array monolayer diffraction

Very high diffraction efficiencies (>80%) were observed from two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystals made of monolayers of ∼490 nm diameter dielectric polystyrene spheres arranged in a 2-D hexagonal lattice on top of a liquid mercury surface. These almost close packed 2-D polystyrene particle arrays were prepared by a self-assembly spreading method that utilizes solvent evaporation from the mercury surface. Two-dimensional arrays transferred onto a dielectric glass substrate placed on top of metal mirrors show diffraction efficiencies of over 30%, which is 6- to 8-fold larger than those of the same 2-D monolayers in the absence of mirrors. A simple single particle scattering model with refraction explains the high diffraction efficiencies in terms of reflection of the high intensity forward diffraction. © 2012 Society of Photo- Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). (DOI: 10.1117/1.JNP.6.063509)
Targeted analysis of nucleotide and copy number variation by exon capture in allotetraploid wheat genome

The ability of grass species to adapt to various habitats is attributed to the dynamic nature of their genomes, which have been shaped by multiple rounds of ancient and recent polyploidization. To gain a better understanding of the nature and extent of variation in functionally relevant regions of a polyploid genome, we developed a sequence capture assay to compare exonic sequences of allotetraploid wheat accessions. A sequence capture assay was designed for the targeted re-sequencing of 3.5 Mb exon regions that surveyed a total of 3,497 genes from allotetraploid wheat. These data were used to describe SNPs, copy number variation and homoeologous sequence divergence in coding regions. A procedure for variant discovery in the polyploid genome was developed and experimentally validated. About 1% and 24% of discovered SNPs were loss-of-function and non-synonymous mutations, respectively. Under-representation of replacement mutations was identified in several groups of genes involved in translation and metabolism. Gene duplications were predominant in a cultivated wheat accession, while more gene deletions than duplications were identified in wild wheat. We demonstrate that, even though the level of sequence similarity between targeted polyploid genomes and capture baits can bias enrichment efficiency, exon capture is a powerful approach for variant discovery in polyploids. Our results suggest that allopolyploid wheat can accumulate new variation in coding regions at a high rate. This process has the potential to broaden functional diversity and generate new phenotypic variation that eventually can play a critical role in the origin of new adaptations and important agronomic traits.
Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lytic Origin (ori-Lyt)-Dependent DNA Replication: Identification of the ori-Lyt and Association of K8 bZip Protein with the Origin

Herpesviruses utilize different origins of replication during lytic versus latent infection. Latent DNA replication depends on host cellular DNA replication machinery, whereas lytic cycle DNA replication requires virally encoded replication proteins. In lytic DNA replication, the lytic origin (ori-Lyt) is bound by a virus-specified origin binding protein (OBP) that recruits the core replication machinery. In this report, we demonstrated that DNA sequences in two noncoding regions of the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) genome, between open reading frames (ORFs) K4.2 and K5 and between K12 and ORF71, are able to serve as origins for lytic cycle-specific DNA replication. The two ori-Lyt domains share an almost identical 1,153-bp sequence and a 600-bp downstream GC-rich repeat sequence, and the 1.7-kb DNA sequences are sufficient to act as a cis signal for replication. We also showed that an AT-palindromic sequence in the ori-Lyt domain is essential for the DNA replication. In addition, a virally encoded bZip protein, namely K8, was found to bind to a DNA sequence within the ori-Lyt by using a DNA binding site selection assay. The binding of K8 to this region was confirmed in cells by using a chromatin immunoprecipitation method. Further analysis revealed that K8 binds to an extended region, and the entire region is 100% conserved between two KSHV ori-Lyt's. K8 protein displays significant similarity to the Zta protein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is a known OBP of EBV. This notion, together with the ability of K8 to bind to the KSHV ori-Lyt, suggests that K8 may function as an OBP in KSHV.
Cognitive Outcome of Craniopharyngioma

Investigators from Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, and other centers in Germany, compared cognitive performance in a group of 15 patients with childhood craniopharyngioma and hypothalamic involvement and a group of 24 age- and intelligence-matched control subjects.
Conformationally Restricted Cyclic Penicillamine Analogues with High Selectivity for δ- and μ-Opioid Receptors

The concept that there are subtypes of the opiate receptor was originally suggested by Martin et al. (1976) almost a decade ago and is widely accepted based on both in vitro (Martin et al, 1976; Tyers, 1980) and in vivo (Lord et al., 1977; Schulz et al., 1980) studies. The demonstration of separate opioid target sites such as the brain (Herz et al, 1970; Jacquet and Lajtha, 1974; Pert and Yaksh, 1974; Wei et al., 1975) and spinal cord (Yaksh and Rudy, 1976, 1977) has led to the suggestion that a specific effect may be mediated by different opioid receptors at different central nervous system sites (Ling and Pasternak, 1983; Porreca and Burks, 1983). Although numerous pharmacological and biochemical studies of classical (nonpeptide) opiates and opioid peptide analogues have revealed the existence of several subclasses of receptors (e.g., μ, K, and δ, Martin et al., 1976; Gilbert and Martin, 1976; Lord et al., 1977; Chang and Cuatrecasas, 1979; Wolozin and Pasternak, 1981), it is well documented that the vast majority of opioid ligands available interact extensively with the different types of receptors, making it difficult to define receptor roles.
A tardy tongue palsy: Delayed post-traumatic isolated unilateral hypoglossal neuropathy.

A 76-year-old man presented with insidious onset of slurred speech and difficulty swallowing over 1 year. Initial symptoms were episodic imprecise articulation, tongue swelling, tongue deviation, and mild right-sided headache. Progressive deterioration of speech and swallowing function had occurred; at the time of presentation, the patient was struggling to swallow food and saliva. He had undergone C1-C5 posterior fusion following a C2 fracture 50 years prior. There was no relevant medical history and the patient was systemically well. Examination found hemiatrophy of the right side of the tongue with visible fasciculations. The tongue protruded to the right and there was associated dysarthria. There was no evidence of other cranial nerve involvement, cervical myelopathy, or a diffuse motor neuron disorder.
Modified S-Transform in Time-Frequency Analysis of Seismic Data

Although the S-Transform (ST) has better time resolution than the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) at low frequencies, resolution may still not be adequate for certain seismic interpretation purposes. A modified S-Transform (MST), which reduces from the Generalized S-Transform (GST) is proposed as a simple means of controlling temporal and frequency resolution as a function of frequency. This is accomplished by replacing the frequency in the normalized Gaussian window of the S-transform with a linear frequency function. With appropriate choice of slope and intercept of this linear function, greatly improved temporal resolution can be accomplished at low frequencies, while retaining the temporal resolution of the ST at high frequencies. Synthetic examples show that low frequency ST spectra may suffer from interferences from nearby reflectors, and that this effect can be greatly reduced or eliminated using the MST. Application to real seismic data indicates that the MST can be useful in direct hydrocarbon indication.
Layered Titanium Disilicide Stabilized by Oxide Coating for Highly Reversible Lithium Insertion and Extraction

The discovery of new materials has played an important role in battery technology development. Among the newly discovered materials, those with layered structures are often of particular interest because many have been found to permit highly repeatable ionic insertion and extraction. Examples include graphite and LiCoO2 as anode and cathode materials, respectively. Here we report C49 titanium disilicide (TiSi2) as a new layered anode material, within which lithium ions can react with the Si-only layers. This result is enabled by the strategy of coating a thin (<5 nm) layer of oxide on the surface of TiSi2. This coating helped us rule out the possibility that the measured capacity is due to surface reactions. It also stabilizes TiSi2 to allow for the direct observation of TiSi2 in its lithiated and delithiated states. In addition, this stabilization significantly improved the charge and discharge performance of TiSi2. The confirmation that the lithium-ion storage capacity of TiSi2 is a result of its layere...
Resistance to Adult Bean Leaf Beetle and Banded Cucumber Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Soybean

A no-choice laboratory bioassay was used to screen soybean plant introductions (PI) for resistance to bean leaf beetle (BLB), Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster), and banded cucumber beetle (BCB), Diabrotica balteata LeConte. PI’s 171444, 171451, and 229358 exhibited resistance to BLB but not to a significantly greater degree than the commercial cultivar ‘Davis’. PI’s 171444, 171451, 227687, 229358, and 417061 demonstrated resistance to BCB, with PI’s 417061 and 229358 expressing the greatest degree of resistance. BLB consumed ca. 2-fold more foliage than BCB. Female BLB consumed significantly more foliage than males in the June and July generations but not in the diapausing August generation.
Probing the oxidation chemistry of half-sandwich iridium complexes with oxygen atom transfer reagents.

The new complexes [Ir(Cp*)(phpy)3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile]+ (1-NCAr+) and [Ir(Cp*)(phpy)(styrene)]+ (1-Sty+, Cp* = η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, phpy = 2-phenylene-κC1′-pyridine-κN) we...
Assessing the Efficiency of Movement Restriction as a Control Strategy of Ebola

We formulate a two-patch mathematical model for Ebola Virus Disease dynamics in order to evaluate the effectiveness of travel restriction (cordons sanitaires), mandatory movement restrictions between communities while exploring their role on disease dynamics and final epidemic size. Simulations show that strict restrictions in movement between high and low risk areas of closely linked communities may have a deleterious impact on the overall levels of infection in the total population.
Issues Associated with the Use of Untreated Roadside Springs as a Source of Drinking Water

Roadside springs are prevalent across Pennsylvania, but little information has been available about their public use or their suitability as a drinking water source. Penn State Extension conducted research to document roadside spring use and drinking water quality between 2013 and 2015. A survey of over 1,000 Pennsylvania residents found that 30% have consumed water from a roadside spring and 12% consume water every year, mostly because they perceive the water as natural with a good taste. A synoptic survey of 37 springs in 2013–2014 found that more than 90% failed one or more health-based drinking water standards. A more intensive follow-up study in 2014–2015 on ten of the 37 roadside springs found that they consistently failed drinking water standards throughout the year, including some presence of both Giardia and Cryptosporidium cysts. Total coliform bacteria were found to be a better indicator of the overall microbiological drinking water safety of these springs than Escherichia coli bacteria when only a single sample is collected. The frequent use of roadside springs along with poor drinking water quality represent a significant health risk that needs to be addressed in public health education programs.
Adrenal Neuroendocrine Tumors: Pheochromocytoma and Neuroblastic Tumors

The adrenal medulla forms from sympathetic ganglion arising from the neural crest. Primitive sympathecoblasts mature into chromaffin cells which produce catecholamines. Pheochromocytomas are tumors arising from the chromaffin cells within the adrenal gland. These tumors are termed paraganglioma if arising from chromaffin cells outside of the adrenal. In embryonic development, sympathecoblasts form clusters which during embryogenesis can remain in or nearby the adrenal. These primitive clusters are hypothesized to be the source of neuroblastic tumors, such as neuroblastoma, and can arise throughout the sympathoadrenal neuroendocrine system.
Future Directions and New Technology in Peritoneal Dialysis

Although peritoneal dialysis was first developed in the early 20th century, there are still many challenges that need to be addressed by bioengineers working with nephrologists. The peritoneal dialysis catheter sets up a foreign body reaction in the cavity and often becomes infected; new polymers are needed to minimize the resulting inflammation. New osmotic agents are needed to substitute for glucose that sets up a “diabetic state” in the cavity that leads to peritoneal sclerosis. New technology that can be worn by the mobile patient and that provides continuous dialysis is an exciting development that presents significant challenges to the design engineer. Computational biology attempts to quantitatively integrate the findings in clinical studies, genomics, proteomics, metabolomics to move health care toward “personalized medicine” in order to predict outcomes and to improve care of the individual patient.
The absolute that is not absolute: an alchemical reflection on the caput mortuum, the dark other of logical light*

ABSTRACTThis paper challenges Wolfgang Giegerich’s sometimes sophisticated and at other times sophistic notion of absolute negative interiority. In contrast to his uroboric view of ‘psychology proper’, this author resists the successionist ideas of a post-Jungian, trans-human perspective and asserts the notion of an unassimilable and unsurmountable ‘not’. In this paper, the author revisions the traditional divide between Kant and Hegel, taking the ‘thing-in-itself’ as truly other than existing only for consciousness and arguing against privileging the unity of unity and difference. This paper entertains the alchemical ideas of a residue, a caput mortuum, and an archetypally cumbersome object, a real limit, which remains and unhinges the elevating process of spirit on its path to return to itself in absolute interiority. Rather, it acknowledges an abyss ‘behind the back of consciousness’, a non-reified living unconscious – a dark light, an absolute that is not absolute, but rather a gateway back to the bey...
PRICE REPORTING IN A THIN MARKET

Citation: Ajewole, K., Schroeder, T. C., & Parcell, J. (2016). PRICE REPORTING in A THIN MARKET. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 48(4), 345-365. doi:10.1017/aae.2016.19
MASERS, LASERS AND THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM

This paper discusses recent results obtained by myself and my colleagues in three domains of astrophysics: interstellar supersonic turbulence, circumstellar disks, and natural masers and lasers. S.A. Kaplan, S.B. Pikelner, and I.S. Shklovskii were among those who, 30-40 years ago, laid the foundation of these domains.
Producing Public Intellectuals: Shifting Scales and Social Critique in Moroccan Cinema

Posteconomic liberalization, increased openness to global capital, and new distribution mechanisms have opened up avenues for alternative storytelling and depictions of Moroccan life that challenge hegemonic narratives about culture and society through cinema. This coincided with Morocco's emergence as one of a few small countries with the political will to restructure the film industry and the concomitant rise of a new generation of Moroccan filmmakers ensconced in transnational networks of policy, funding, and storytelling. This article uses industry and discourse analysis to study the shifting industrial logics of Moroccan cinema and the ways in which this “new” cinema is, in turn, sparking debates and resetting the boundaries for dissent in authoritarian contexts.
Ultrafine coal flotation by gas phase transport of atomized reagents

The dispersion of oily collector has a significant effect on the flotation recovery of ultrafine coal. Generally, reagent dispersion is accomplished by mechanical mixing and/or ultrasonic agitation, followed by direct addition of dispersed collector into the flotation cell. Such dispersion and reagent addition techniques are invariably inadequate and nonselective. A new collector addition technique involving gas phase transport of atomized collector has shown improved results when compared to conventional reagent addition techniques. This technique involves atomization of the collector into the air stream. Under these circumstances, an aerosol is introduced into the flotation cell. Initially, the oil is dispersed within the air phase (continuous with respect to oil), and the air phase is dispersed within the pulp (continuous with respect to aerosol). In the flotation cell, the atomized oil droplets coalesce on the bubble’s surface and create a de facto oil-encapsulated bubble. This approach provides excellent dispersion, increases selectivity, and, most significantly, increases the flotation rate of ultrafine coal. Atomization of collector/frother combinations yielded improved flotation recovery and maintained near uniform froth levels, which is a desirable feature in coal flotation. Microscopic examinations of the attachment of oil-coated bubbles at a coal surface were conducted by attachment time and contact angle measurements. Oil-coated bubbles attach at significantly faster rates and with a higher contact angle than oil-free bubbles.
Constraining Balmer Alpha Fine Structure Excitation Measured in Geocoronal Hydrogen Observations

Cascade contributions to geocoronal Balmer α airglow line profiles are directly proportional to the Balmer β/α line ratio and can therefore be determined with near simultaneous Balmer β observations. Due to scattering differences for solar Lyman β and Lyman γ (responsible for the terrestrial Balmer α and Balmer β fluorescence, respectively) there is an expected trend for the cascade emission to become a smaller fraction of the Balmer α intensity at larger shadow altitudes. Near coincident Balmer α and Balmer β data sets, obtained from the Wisconsin Hα Mapper (WHAM) Fabry–Perot, are used to determine the cascade contribution to the Balmer α line profile, and to show, for the first time, the Balmer β/α line ratio, as a function of shadow altitude. We show that this result is in agreement with direct cascade determinations from Balmer α line profile fits obtained independently by high resolution Fabry–Perot at Pine Bluff, WI. We also demonstrate with radiative transport forward modeling that a solar cycle influence on cascade is expected, and that the Balmer β/α line ratio poses a tight constraint on retrieved aeronomical parameters (such as hydrogen's evaporative escape rate and exobase density). Index Terms: Hydrogen Geocorona, Balmer-alpha Line Profile, Fabry–Perot Interferometry
Targeted complement inhibition improves recovery in murine spinal cord injury model (THER2P.956)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) initiates a cascade of events including ischemia, excitotoxicity and inflammation. Tissue injury exposes neoepitopes that elicit an innate immune response following their recognition by natural IgM. To investigate the role of natural IgMs in propagating SCI, we identified two IgM mAbs that bind to post-ischemic cell membranes.These mAbs B4 and C2 recognize annexin IV and a subset of phospholipids, respectively. Compared to wt mice, Rag1-/- mice recovered significantly better post SCI. However, reconstitution of Rag1-/- mice with B4 or C2 mAb restored injury to levels seen in wt animals. Further, we used peritoneal cavity hypotonic shock procedure to deplete B1a B cells (source of natural IgM), while keeping other components of the immune system intact.This resulted in reduced IgM and complement (C) deposition and protection from injury, indicating SCI is driven by the binding of specific natural IgM clones. Based on these data, we investigated a strategy to target a C inhibitor to the injured spinal cord. We constructed a single chain derived from B4IgM (B4scFv) and linked it to Crry, an inhibitor of C3 activation. This construct significantly improved locomotor recovery following SCI by both competing with pathogenic IgMs and inhibiting C. This study identifies pathophysiologically important epitopes expressed within the spinal cord after contusion injury, and describes a novel strategy for targeted C inhibition to reduce secondary injury after SCI.