cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discrimination and anxiety: Using multiple polygenic scores to control for genetic liability.

An established body of research indicates that discrimination is associated with increased symptoms of anxiety and negative affect. However, the association cannot be interpreted unambiguously as an exposure effect because a common set of genetic factors can simultaneously contribute to increased liability for symptoms of anxiety, negative affect, and the perception of discrimination. The present study elucidates the association between discrimination and anxiety/negative affect by implementing strict genetic controls in a large sample of adults. We used data from the biomarker project of the Study of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS), a national probability sample of noninstitutionalized, English-speaking respondents aged 25 to 74 y. Participants who consented to provide genetic data were biologically unrelated and of European ancestry as determined by genotype principal components analysis (n = 1,146). A single structural regression model was fit to the data with three measures of discrimination specified to load onto a latent factor and six measures of anxiety and negative affect specified to load onto a second latent factor. After accounting for potential genetic confounds—polygenic scores for anxiety, depression, and neuroticism and the first five genetic principal components—greater discrimination was associated with greater anxiety/negative affect (β = 0.53, SE = 0.04, P
Are Opioids Necessary in Middle Ear Surgery? Comparing the Transcanal and Postauricular Approach.

OBJECTIVE Understand opioid-prescribing patterns in otologic surgery and the difference in opioid use between transcanal and postauricular surgery. STUDY DESIGN Prospective survey. SETTING Multihospital network. PATIENTS All patients undergoing otologic surgery from March 2017 to January 2019. INTERVENTION Patients undergoing otologic surgery were surveyed regarding postoperative opioid use and their level of pain control. Patients were divided by surgical approach (transcanal vs. postauricular). Those who underwent mastoid drilling were excluded. Narcotic amounts were converted to milligram morphine equivalents (MME) for analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Amount of opioid was calculated and compared between the two groups. Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square testing were used for analysis. RESULTS Fifty-five patients were included in the analysis; of these 18 (33%) had a postauricular incision. There was no difference in age (p = 0.85) or gender (p = 0.5) between the two groups. The mean amount of opioid prescribed (MME) in the postauricular and transcanal groups was 206.4 and 143 (p = 0.038) while the mean amount used was 37.7 and 37.5 (p = 0.29) respectively. There was no difference in percentage of opioid used (p = 0.44) or in patient-reported level of pain control (p = 0.49) between the two groups. CONCLUSION Patients in both the transcanal and postauricular groups used only a small portion of their prescribed opioid. There was no difference in the amount of opioid used or the patient's reported level of pain control based on the approach. Otologic surgeons should be aware of these factors to reduce narcotic diversion after ear surgery.
The Road to Transport Justice: Reframing Auto Safety in the SUV Age

For the past 50 years, a singular focus on consumer protection has persistently prevented auto-safety regulators from addressing serious external hazards created by dangerous automobile designs. Traffic violence is the second leading cause of death by injury in the United States. Beyond physical injury, traffic violence limits mobility and sends a powerful message about who does and does not belong on our streets. This toll is not unleashed at random; SUVs and pickups represent a disproportionate danger to other road users, particularly pedestrians and drivers of ordinary passenger cars. What’s more, the resulting traffic violence disproportionately burdens women, people of color, and low-income people. The result is a mounting crisis that threatens the safety and equity of our transportation system. Despite mounting criticism, federal auto-safety regulators at the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) have yet to meaningfully respond to this crisis. The roots of this failure are deep. This Comment establishes for the first time that federal regulators have known since the mid-1970s the exact design risks of SUVs and pickups that created our current crisis. From its inception until the mid-1990s, NHTSA repeatedly attempted to issue regulations that could have addressed the enormous risks that SUVs and pickup trucks pose to other road users – but never succeeded. NHTSA’s historic and ongoing failure is a product of a fundamentally consumer-protectionist vision of road safety. Over the past fifty years, federal policymakers have centered the automobile purchaser as the appropriate beneficiary of auto-safety policy, regulating automobile safety primarily for the people inside them with little regard for equity or negative externalities for other road users. Informed by this history, this Comment argues for a dramatic reframing of auto-safety policy away from consumer-protectionism and towards an equity-oriented, distributionally minded approach grounded in principles of transportation justice. This approach will finally align auto-safety scholarship and policy with trends in the distinct, but closely intertwined, field of transportation systems planning to advance a unified vision for road safety.
A Physics-based and Control-oriented Model for Dielectric Elastomer Tubular Actuator

Dielectric elastomers (DEs) are electro-active polymers that deform and change their shape when an electric field is applied across them. They are used as soft actuators since they are flexible, resilient, lightweight, and durable. Many models have been proposed to describe and capture the behavior of these actuators such as circuit representation, lumped parameter modeling, and physics-based modeling. In this paper, a hybrid between the physics and lumped parameter model is presented which is used to control the actuator. The focus of this paper is on a tubular dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA). The model proposed is validated with experimental data to evaluate its approximation to the physical actuator. The physics model offers the ability to describe how the material properties and actuator's geometry affect the dynamics and behavior of the actuator under different states. The lumped parameter model accounts for physical quantities that may not be fully expressed when formulating the physics-based equations. The discussed model performance is found to have an error less than 10% for the sinusoidal signals discussed.
NLOS Links Detection Algorithm for Improved 5G NR Indoor Positioning

In this paper we derive a signal processing algorithm for NLOS links detection and propose a reliability function that can be used in the positioning equations to perform correct weighting of the measurements. It is shown that the measurements may suffer from the NLOS propagation phenomenon, specifically in indoor environments, that causes an excess delay relative to the LOS transmission time. The proposed algorithm performs a binary hypothesis testing between the LOS and NLOS channel hypothesis to identify the link type. It uses an average NLOS channel power, estimated per subcarrier basis in the frequency domain to perform links classification. The provided simulation results demonstrate the validity of presented analytical formulation and the feasibility to achieve a submeter level positioning accuracy in application to the Industrial Internet of Things (I-IoT) use case.
Coherent states for general potentials. IV. Three-dimensional systems

The minimum-uncertainty coherent-states formalism is extended to higher-dimensional systems. Specifically, for spherically symmetric three-dimensional potentials the formalism looks for coherent states which are products of an angular wave function times a radial wave function. After reviewing the many studies on angular coherent states, I concentrate on the physically distinguishing radial coherent states. The radial formalism is explained in detail and contrasted with the effective one-dimensional formalism. The natural classical variables in the radial formalism are those which vary sinusoidally as g(E,L)theta(t), where theta(t) is the real azimuthal angular variable and g(E,L) is the number of oscillations between apsidal distances per classical orbit. When changed to natural quantum operators, these operators can be given as the Hermitian sums and differences of the ''l'' raising and lowering operators. The formalism is applied to the three-dimensional harmonic-oscillator and Coulomb problems.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND FUTURE HYDROCLIMATE FOR THE UPPER CROOKED RIVER, OREGON

Upper Crooked River drains a semiarid elevated lava plain supporting a mixed vegetation cover of juniper, sagebrush, and grass. The majority of basin farm income is derived from livestock grazing on non-irrigated public and private land. Average annual water balance surplus is a modest 75 mm. A watershed model run for 108 consecutive months defines present-day hydroclimate as a basis for assessing changes related to global warming. Future watershed surplus is modeled assuming current land-use and grazing practices using monthly temperature and precipitation changes derived from a limited area model nested in a global circulation model. In the simulated warmer and wetter climate, peak surplus occurs three months earlier in January as an increased proportion of precipitation occurs as rain rather than snow. Severe decreases in water availability to plants accompany elevated evapotranspiration in all months. The sensitivity of the watershed to evapotranspiration is attributable to the cool season concentrati...
Modeling transient flow with wiggly analytic elements

The basic concepts of a transient analytic element formulation for periodic flow are outlined. An example application is given and the application of Cesaro summation of Fourier series for the representation of stepwise pumping records is explored. Application of the analytic element formulation allows for the analytic computation of head and flow at any point in the aquifer at any time. Application of Cesaro summation gives accurate results for pumping wells with stepwise pumping records.
High throughput multiplexing phosphor retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb) and cell cycle analysis using acuman technology.

4372 The mammalian cell cycle consists of 4 phases- G1, S, G2 and M, and is responsible for the regulation of cellular replication. Sensing extracellular signals, the transition from G1 to S phase is controlled by cyclin dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6). These kinases phosphorylate the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) releasing E2F/DP transcription factors resulting in the expression of genes required for transition into S phase and DNA replication. Inhibition of CDK4/CDK6 results in hypo-phosphorylation of Rb and arrest cells in G1 phase. The CDK4/CDK6/Rb pathway is dysregulated in many tumors and the development of selective small molecule CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer has been the focus of numerous efforts. Selective and effective CDK4/6 inhibitors will have two properties, decreasing the amount of phosphorylated Rb (pRb ser780) and arresting cells in the G1 phase. The development of small molecule CDK4/6 inhibitors requires require assay that effectively monitor the both the level of pRb in the cells and cell cycle status. Several assays exist that measure these two properties including Western blot, ELISA, and enzymatic assays for pRb (S780), and flow cytometry to measure cell cycle status. However, none of these assays allow for the simultaneous measurement of pRb and cell cycle status, and these assays formats either time-consuming, have low throughput and/or low sensitivity, and lack the ability to monitor activity on individual cells. Here we describe a high throughput multiplexed acumen assay for pRb (S780) and DNA content (cell cycle status). The assay can easily generate EC50s for 8 to 10 different CDK4/6 inhibitors in one 96-well plate, and indirectly can identify cytotoxicity and off-target activities for G2/M kinases.
Integrated Intra- and Inter-task Cache Analysis for Preemptive Multi-tasking Real-Time Systems

In this paper, we propose a timing analysis approach for preemptive multi-tasking real-time systems with caches. The approach focuses on the cache reload overhead caused by preemptions. The Worst Case Response Time (WCRT) of each task is estimated by incorporating cache reload overhead. After acquiring the WCRT of each task, we can further analyze the schedulability of the system. Four sets of applications are used to exhibit the performance of our approach. The experimental results show that our approach can reduce the estimate of WCRT up to 44% over prior state-of-the-art.
Overweight, obesity, and colorectal cancer screening: Disparity between men and women

Background To estimate the association between body-mass index (BMI: kg/m2) and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among US adults aged ≥ 50 years.
Rli1/ABCE1 Recycles Terminating Ribosomes and Controls Translation Reinitiation in 3′UTRs In Vivo

To study the function of Rli1/ABCE1 in vivo, we used ribosome profiling and biochemistry to characterize its contribution to ribosome recycling. When Rli1 levels were diminished, 80S ribosomes accumulated both at stop codons and in the adjoining 3'UTRs of most mRNAs. Frequently, these ribosomes reinitiated translation without the need for a canonical start codon, as small peptide products predicted by 3'UTR ribosome occupancy in all three reading frames were confirmed by western analysis and mass spectrometry. Eliminating the ribosome-rescue factor Dom34 dramatically increased 3'UTR ribosome occupancy in Rli1 depleted cells, indicating that Dom34 clears the bulk of unrecycled ribosomes. Thus, Rli1 is crucial for ribosome recycling in vivo and controls ribosome homeostasis. 3'UTR translation occurs in wild-type cells as well, and observations of elevated 3'UTR ribosomes during stress suggest that modulating recycling and reinitiation is involved in responding to environmental changes.
A sufficient condition for interference alignment

We consider the classical problem of spatial interference alignment (IA) in MIMO channels with constant channel coefficients through design of linear transmit precoders and receiver filters. Some easily (polynomial time) computable necessary conditions for IA have been derived in the literature [1], [2], [3]. Computable sufficient and necessary conditions that completely characterizes the feasibility of an IA problem have also been obtained [4], [2]. However, it has been shown that checking the feasibility of interference alignment when the number of antennas are more than two is NP-complete[3]. This result is inline with full characterization of the feasibility of IA as the sufficiency conditions require multiplication of Schubert cycles that becomes exhaustive as the dimensions grows. Naturally, the following questions may arise: “Is it possible to have a sufficiency condition for a general case of IA based on only the dimensions of the system (number of antennas at each node and degrees of freedom (DoF) per node [4]) that is simple (polynomial time) to compute?” and “How effective such sufficiency conditions would be?”. In this paper, we provide an affirmative answer to the first question and show the proposed sufficient condition is asymptotically optimal. The sufficiency conditions are expressed in terms of simple inequalities based on system dimensions. Unlike necessary conditions that are based on simple argument such as dimension counting [1], we have not yet been able to provide an elementary proof for the derived sufficiency conditions. The provided proof requires familiarity with Schubert calculus over complex Grassmannians.
Wire Counters with a New Gas Mixture

A multiwire chamber using a gas mixture of argon, isobutane and ?-trichlorethane-1, 1, 1 (CH3.CCl3) has been successfully operated. Although this chamber does not operate in the proportional mode (i.e., pulse height is not a linear function of the primary ionization) we feel it has a substantial advantage over conventional proportional chambers especially when it is used to detect high energy particles. We call these detectors wire counters; their unique feature is in the use of a highly electronegative substance, (CH3.CCl3), to limit the electron avalanche. These counters with wire spacing of 1 mm can provide gas multiplication factors between 105 to 107 without going into spark formation or breakdown. Their detection efficiency approaches 100% with large high voltage plateaus. We have obtained a time resolution of ± 6 nsec at FWHM from pulses with rise times between 6-10 nsec.
High levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in vacuum cleaner dust from California fire stations.

Firefighters are exposed to chemicals during fire events and may also experience chemical exposure in their fire stations. Dust samples from used vacuum cleaner bags were collected from 20 fire stations in California and analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Median dust concentrations were higher for PBDEs (e.g., 47 000 ng/g for BDE-209) than for PAHs (e.g., 220 ng/g for benzo[a]pyrene) or PCBs (e.g., 9.3 ng/g for PCB-180). BDE-209 concentrations in dust from California fire stations were among the highest of any previously documented homes or occupational settings in the world. We examined factors such as the frequency of emergency responses, the number of fire vehicles on site, and building age, but we could not account for the high levels of BDE-209 observed in fire station dust. Based on the findings of our pilot study, we hypothesize that possible sources of BDE-209...
Gonadotropin effects on chromosomal normality of hamster preimplantation embryos.

Induction of ovulation with pregnant mare’s serum (PMS) and the timing of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection on chromosomal normality were examined in preimplantation hamster embryos. Two separate experimental trials were done. The first compared superovulation (SO, PMS on Day I of the cycle followed by hCG on Day 4) to natural ovulation. Natural mating was used. In the second series of trials, precocious superovulation (PSO, PMS on Day 1 followed by hCG on Day 3) was used. Since there is poor sperm transport in PSO females, direct uterine artificial insemination (Al) was used to achieve fertilization. The control animals in the second series of trials were naturally ovulating females subjected to the artificial insemination procedure. Of 785 embryos analyzed in the SO group, 9 (1.1%) were aneuploid (5 hyperploidy and 4 hypoploidy) and 8 (1.0%) showed triploidy. In the PSO group, artificial insemination resulted in a normal development rate of 85.5% up to the 2-cell stage. A total of 2.6% karyotypically abnormal embryos, consisting of 5 (1.1%) aneuploid and 7 (1.5%) polyploid, were found among 460 embryos examined in PSO females. No significant difference in the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities was observed between the stages of development. The overall incidence of chromosomal imbalance in hormonally treated females was not significantly different from that in controls (2.2% in SO cycles vs. 1.2% in natural cycles, 2.6% in PSO with Al vs. 2.4% in natural cycles with Al). These results indicate that PMS-hCG treatment has no adverse effect on the chromosomal integrity of hamster preimplantation embryos.
The tunica hills, Louisiana-Mississippi: Late glacial locality for spruce and deciduous forest species

Reinvestigation of Quaternary sediments in West Feliciana Parish, southeastern Louisiana, and adjacent Wilkinson County, southwestern Mississippi, has resulted in revision of previous terrace stratigraphy of this portion of the Gulf Coastal Plain. Plant-macrofossil and pollen assemblages incorporated in fluviatile terrace deposits in the study area are reexamined in light of the current stratigraphic understanding. Macrofossils identified as white spruce (Picea glauca), tamarack (Larix laricina), and northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis), recovered from these terrace deposits along with fossil remains of distinctly southern plant species, were initially interpreted as the result of dynamic intermixing of aggressive boreal species within a southern forest during the early Wisconsin (Brown, 1938). Failure to distinguish chronologically separate fossiliferous deposits resulted in the conceptual “mixing” of northern and southern plant species which came from two distinct fluviatile terrace sequences. Terrace 2 is now believed to be a fluviatile and coastwise depositional terrace of Sangamon Interglacial age; deposits of terrace 2 contain a distinctly warm-temperate plant assemblage. Fluviatile terrace 1 dates from 12,740 ± 300 to 3457 ± 366 BP and is now considered to be related to late glacial and Holocene aggradation and lateral migration of the Mississippi River (the local base level for streams in the study area); basal portions of terrace 1 contain fossils of white spruce, tamarack, and many plant species today characteristic of the cool-temperate Mixed Mesophytic Forest Association. Terrace 1 fossil deposits occur in fluviatile terraces along tributary streams of the Mississippi River at elevations 15 to 30 m above the maximum recorded historic flood stage of the Mississippi River. The plant macrofossils represent remains of species that grew at or very near the site of deposition; they were not “rafted in” by floodwaters of the Mississippi River. We present quantitative data for plant macrofossils and pollen that support our hypothesis that at least local cooling along the Blufflands of Mississippi and Louisiana promoted southward migrations of mixed mesophytic forest species and certain boreal species along this major pathway during late Wisconsin continental glaciation.
Imaging of Head and Neck Emergencies

The anatomy of the head and neck contains very few structures that could be considered expendable and, consequently, is exceptionally intolerant to infection, inflammation, and injury. Acute pathologic processes in this body region, therefore, tend to result in significant suffering, functional impairment, or life endangerment if the diagnosis is missed or treatment is delayed. Many emergent processes within the cervical region also need to be considered for their possible impact on structures within the head and chest, into which there are many routes for potential communication.
Induction of HLA mutations by chemical mutagens in human lymphoid cells

We studied the effects of mutagens on the frequency of HLA “loss” variants in the diploid human lymphoid cell line T5-1, as well as the stability of mutagen-induced variants and the extent of the genetic lesions induced. Mutagens used were of different types, and included ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), ICR-191 (ICR), and mitomycin C. Variant frequency was determined seven days after a 24-hour exposure to mutagen, by which time the cloning efficiency of exposed cultures, which was reduced following mutagenesis, had returned to normal. ICR and EMS induced dose-related increases in variant frequency of greater than two orders of magnitude at the highest concentrations tested. Mitomycin C increased variant frequency by tenfold at the one concentration tested. Seventeen of 18 induced variants showed persistence of the variant phenotype during prolonged culture following isolation. Genetic lesions induced by ICR and EMS did not extend as far as the distance between theHLA-A and -B loci (0.8 map units) in any of 21 clones tested. These data suggest a mutational origin for most mutagen-induced HLA variants of diploid cells (except for some induced by mitomycin C). Mutagenesis and mutational analysis are promising probes for studies of theHLA region.
Permanent marking in an endangered species: physiological response to hot branding in Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus)

Identification of individual animals is important in order to evaluate age-specific survival rates, onset of sexual maturity and reproductive rates in wildlife populations. Of the various methods available to researchers, hot branding is the most effective, although somewhat controversial, tool available. The physiological effects of hot-iron branding (n = 7) were assessed using temporarily captive juvenile Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) (n = 22). Sea lions showed statistically significant increases in white blood cell count, platelet levels, globulin and haptoglobin concentration up to two weeks after branding. No significant differences were found in serum cortisol levels. The changes in health parameters we saw after branding were consistent with minor tissue trauma and indistinguishable from baseline levels after 7–8 weeks.
Using Target Heart-Rate Zones in Your Class.

Abstract It's never too early to teach fitness concepts, but when to teach what is a bit more complicated.
Cytotoxicity of restriction enzyme-induced dna strand breaks in radiosensitive and radioresistant human tumor cell lines

Abstract Purpose : To examine the role of sensitivity to specific types of DNA double strand breaks in human tumor cell response. Methods and Materials : The X ray-sensitive human squamous carcinoma cell line SCCfil and the X ray-resistant line SQ-20B were exposed to the restriction enzymes HaeI1I, Hinfl, Pvull, BamHI by electroporation. Cytotoxicity of these restriction endonucleases was measured by a colony formation assay. Results : Cell killing by each enzyme occurred in a concentration-dependent manner. The radiosensitive cell line was more sensitive to all four restriction enzymes than the radioresistant line, paralleling the response to ionizing radiation. However, the magnitude of the difference was smaller than for radiation. The 5-base sticky ended cutter Hinfi and 6-base blunt ended cutter Pvull were much more effective in killing cells from both lines than BamH1, a 6-base sticky ended cutter, whereas the 4-base blunt ended cutter HaeI1I was intermediate in its effectiveness. Thus, enzyme sensitivity could not be related to the type of cutter or the distance between cutting sites.
Charting a Course With NOMAP: Integrating Metadata Workflows Into a Traditional Cataloging Unit

The life of a cataloger today is in a state of flux; as libraries continue to transition from a predominately print world to a digital one, catalogers need to secure a functional future. To do so catalogers must change their mental models to stay flexible and pertinent in an ever-changing information environment. A recent digital project undertaken at the University of Montana provides an example of how research and developments in the area of metadata and bibliographic control have influenced cataloging and metadata workflow integration.
Inhibitory monoclonal antibodies against rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase.

Abstract Eleven hybridoma clones which secrete monoclonal antibodies against purified rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) were isolated. Antibodies (R-1-R-11) were identified by their ability to bind to immobilized pure alcohol dehydrogenase in an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay, in which antibody R-9 showed the highest binding capacity. Except for R-1 and R-7, all antibodies inhibited catalytic activity of the enzyme isolated from inbred (Fischer-344) or outbred (Sprague-Dawley) strains (R-11 > R-9 > R-4 > R-6 > R-10 > R-8 > R-2 = R-3 = R-5). The inhibition of enzyme activity by antibodies was noncompetitive for ethanol and NAD+, and was dependent on antibody concentration and incubation time. Antibodies R-4, R-9, and R-11 were most effective when enzyme activity was assayed below pH 77–78, a condition thought to protonate the enzyme's active center. These three antibodies did not inhibit horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity, indicating their species specificity. Such antibodies will be useful to delineate structural and functional roles of rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase.
The Shadow Side of Self-Disclosure

The author, having through hiding and disguise survived the Holocaust in Poland, discusses the risks and potential negative consequences of uncritical self-disclosure. Developmentally, most of us h...
Purification and characterization of the wild type and truncated human cystathionine β-synthase enzymes expressed in E. coli

In this paper, we describe the expression and characterization of recombinant human cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) in Escherichia coli. We have used a glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion protein vector and incorporated a cleavage site with a long hinge region which allows for the independent folding of CBS and its fusion partner. In addition, our construct has the added benefit of yielding a purified CBS which only contains one extra glycine amino acid residue at the N-terminus. In our two-step purification procedure we are able to obtain a highly pure enzyme in sufficient quantities for crystallography and other physical chemical methods. We have investigated the biochemical and catalytic properties of purified full-length human CBS and of two truncation mutants lacking the C-terminal domain or both the N-terminal heme-binding and the C-terminal regulatory regions. Specifically, we have determined the pH optima of the different CBS forms and their kinetic and spectral properties. The full-length and the C-terminally truncated enzyme had a broad pH 8.5 optimum while the pH optimum of the N- and C- terminally truncated enzyme was sharp and shifted to pH 9. Furthermore, we have shown unequivocally that CBS binds one mole of heme per subunit by determining both the heme and the iron content of the enzyme. The activity of the enzyme was unaffected by the redox status of the heme iron. Finally, we show that CBS is stimulated by S-adenosyl- l-methionine but not its analogs.
Detection of function-associated molecules on rat NK cells and their role in target cell lysis.

Anti-effector cell mAb 5C6.10.4 (5C6) inhibits cytotoxic activity of fish nonspecific cytotoxic cells (NCC). We now show that 5C6 also inhibits mammalian NK cell activity using fresh and cultured (CRC) leukemic rat NK cells. The inhibitory activity of 5C6 was caused by blocking of conjugate formation between NK cells and YAC-1 targets. Binding studies done by flow cytometry (FCM) showed that mAb 5C6 specifically bound to 8% of unfractionated rat spleen cells. Enrichment by nylon-wool fractionation produced 27.2% specific binding, along with a 3.4-fold enrichment in cytotoxic activity. Tissue distribution studies revealed that the highest number of cells recognized by mAb 5C6 were found in NWNA spleen cells (28.7%), followed by liver (18.9%) and peripheral blood (13.9). Two-color FCM showed that although all 3.2.3 mAb-positive cells were also stained with mAb 5C6, a small percentage of 3.2.3. negative noncytotoxic NWNA spleen T cells were 5C6 positive. Redirected lysis experiments demonstrated that anti-effector mAb-producing myeloma cells could be killed by CRC and NWNA spleen cells. In addition, mAb 5C6 produced specific inhibition of redirected lysis of each myeloma target. Experiments were also conducted to determine the signaling capability of the FAM complex. Binding of the anti-FAM mAbs to NWNA rat spleen cells caused a rapid increase in cytosolic free calcium of approximately 472 nM. Western blot analysis of CRC cell lysates showed that the molecules recognized by anti-FAM mAbs have molecular weights of 38 and 42 kDa. These studies indicate that the anti-effector mAbs recognize a functionally relevant molecule on rat NK cells that is involved in the first steps of cytolysis, i.e., antigen recognition, and which also triggers the activation of signal-transducing events in these cells.
A four-segment kinematic model for clinical description of foot and ankle motion

Video motion analysis systems have been successfully employed in the study of whole body gait and have proven their value in clinical applications [4]. Similar usefulness could be found in the study and diagnosis of many foot and ankle disorders [1].
Fluoxetine Disrupts the Integration of Anxiety and Aversive Memories

Anxiety disorders may result from an overexpression of aversive memories. Evidence suggests that the hippocampal cholinergic system could be the point of convergence of anxiety and memory. We propose that clinically effective anxiolytics may exert their effect by interfering with this integration mechanism. To assess anxiety and aversive memory, we used the shock-probe burying test. A reduction in anxiety in this test is indicated by decreased burying, whereas impaired cognition is reflected by an increased number of probe-contacts and/or reduced retention latency. Both an aversive stimulus and the memory of that stimulus significantly increased hippocampal acetylcholine (ACh) levels (Experiment 1). In fact, the memory of the event seemed to be more important than the event itself since the aversive memory induced a greater increase in hippocampal ACh. Injections (i.p.) of fluoxetine (Prozac®) reduced burying behavior, while not affecting probe contacts or retention latency (Experiment 2). Although injections of fluoxetine did not affect basal hippocampal ACh efflux (Experiment 3), fluoxetine abolished the increase in ACh induced by the aversive stimulus and the memory of that stimulus (Experiment 4), emphasizing the significance of aversive memories in anxiety disorders. These actions may be mediated by a decrease in the event-related enhancement in cholinergic neurotransmission through M1 cholinergic receptors (Experiment 5). Therefore, anxiety disorders may stem from an unopposed formation of aversive memories and clinically effective anxiolytics hinder the association between emotional and cognitive processing. This reduces the emotional impact of aversive memories, thereby opposing consequent anxiety.
Relationship of obesity to depression: a family-based study.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between obesity and depression in a sample of extremely obese individuals and their siblings and parents. SUBJECTS: A total of 1730 European Americans (558 men, 1172 women, aged 49.29±15.42 y, body mass index (BMI) of 35.57±11.53 kg/m2) and 373 African Americans (103 men, 270 women, aged 44.85±15.08 years, BMI of 36.83±11.31 kg/m2) in a sample of 482 nuclear families segregating extreme obesity and normal weight. MEASUREMENTS: Individual BMI, history of depression treatment and covariates (age, sex, race, education, marital status, socioeconomic status, chronic medical conditions and exercise program). RESULTS: Greater odds for depression were found for the obese, European American, women, the unmarried, the more educated, those with chronic physical disorder(s) and the offspring of depressed parents. A trend test found that the odds ratios for depression increased with BMI and number of chronic medical conditions (P<0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that BMI, race, marital status, chronic medical conditions and family history were the predicators of depression for both the genders. Hierarchical analyses revealed that BMI significantly increased the risk above that predicated by the combined effects of all other variables. CONCLUSIONS: Extreme obesity was associated with the increased risk for depression across gender and racial groups, even after controlling for chronic physical disease, familial depression and demographic risk factors. More detailed research is needed to determine the underlying mechanisms.
Other supportive therapies in sepsis

Patients who survive the circulatory and organ deficits in sepsis may still fall victim to complications such as pulmonary embolism and stress ulcer bleeding. Although there is no clearcut evidence to quantitate the impact of such complications on mortality, the anticipated impact is grave when considering the compromised physiological reserve of these patients. For this reason it is important to institute effective prophylaxis to minimize the impact. In addition, catabolism associated with sepsis likely influences the recovery of patients with sepsis and moreover can compromise the response of the immune system against an infectious insult. Early and adequate nutritional support therefore appears important. There is much controversy and lack of prospective research regarding effect of supportive therapies on outcome in patients with severe sepsis. This research is needed.
Counting phylogenetic invariants in some simple cases.

An informal degrees of freedom argument is used to count the number of phylogenetic invariants in cases where we have three or four species and can assume a Jukes-Cantor model of base substitution with or without a molecular clock. A number of simple cases are treated and in each the number of invariants can be found. Two new classes of invariants are found: non-phylogenetic cubic invariants testing independence of evolutionary events in different lineages, and linear phylogenetic invariants which occur when there is a molecular clock. Most of the linear invariants found by Cavender (1989, Molec. Biol. Evol.6,301–316.) turn out in the Jukes-Cantor case to be simple tests of symmetry of the substitution model, and not phylogenetic invariants.
The Economic Risks of Deliberately Released Genetically Engineered Microorganisms

Because of biotechnology's ability to foster the next technological revolution in agriculture, economists are anxious to be able to perform ex ante analysis of its effects on farm sector structure and performance. Historical experience with the externalities generated by the chemical revolution in agriculture have made economists concerned with determining the socially optimal level of risk and mix of institutions for regulating any adverse effects of the new technologies. Uncertainty exists in the scientific community about the possibility of migration, mutation, and possible environmental and crop damage from genetically engineered microbial vectors (hereafter referred to as GEMs). However, a consensus is emerging that the risks presented by GEMs can be characterized as low probability/high consequence (Colwell, Harlow, Regal). The effect of this risk profile on the adoption of GEMS in agriculture will be determined in two stages. The first is the standard of acceptable risk set by regulators before allowing the product's release into the marketplace. Second, because this is unlikely to be a zero-risk-based criterion, farmers will be faced with assessing the financial risk (through liability for the externalities created) and health risk created by use of the product. Fundamental scientific, legal, and institutional uncertainties prevent economists from using standard models and methods for predicting adoption of the technology and its subsequent effects on the sector or determining either the socially optimal level of risk or the appropriate institutional division of labor between regulatory agencies and the courts for promulgating the desired level of safety. The extent of economic analysis that can be conducted and the effect of regulatory and court decisions on producer adoption will be explored.
The Test of Choice for Assessment of Gifted Children: A Comparison of the K-ABC, WISC-R, and Stanford-Binet

Correlational and mean-difference analyses from 41 gifted children were conducted to determine the comparability of mental ability scores from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised (WISC-R), Stanford-Binet, and the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC). Correlation coefficients ranged from .03 to .74. The three mean K-ABC processing scores were (statistically) significantly lower than the IQs from the WISC-R and the Stanford-Binet for all possible comparisons. The implications of using the three tests for placement in gifted programs are discussed.
Analysis of the Elastic Wave Behavior in a Cracked Shaft

A new method currently under development for rotating shaft crack detection is presented. The underlying approach is to utilize the impact inherent in the once-per-revolution closing of a shaft crack. The axially traveling elastic compression wave, which is initiated by this impact, propagates to both ends of the shaft at the governing acoustic velocity. Provided suitable measurement near the shaft ends can detect the wave’s arrival, then extracting both the crack location and size is thereby feasible. Proof-of-concept for this new method for shaft crack detection utilizes one-dimensional wave propagation simulations and a newly designed test apparatus, which are presented.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Development of a Web-based Resident Profiling Tool to Support Training in Practice-based Learning and Improvement

Multiple factors are driving residency programs to explicitly address practice-based learning and improvement (PBLI), yet few information systems exist to facilitate such training. We developed, implemented, and evaluated a Web-based tool that provides Internal Medicine residents at the University of Virginia Health System with population-based reports about their ambulatory clinical experiences. Residents use Systems and Practice Analysis for Resident Competencies (SPARC) to identify potential areas for practice improvement. Thirty-three (65%) of 51 residents completed a survey assessing SPARC’s usefulness, with 94% agreeing that it was a useful educational tool. Twenty-six residents (51%) completed a before–after study indicating increased agreement (5-point Likert scale, with 5=strongly agree) with statements regarding confidence in ability to access population-based data about chronic disease management (mean [SD] 2.5 [1.2] vs. 4.5 [0.5], p < .001, sign test) and information comparing their practice style to that of their peers (2.2 [1.2] vs. 4.6 [0.5], p < .001).
Occupied and Unoccupied Orbitals of C60 and C70

Abstract The full spectrum of occupied and unoccupied σ and π orbitals is presented for solid C60, C70, and graphite, using Cls emission and absorption spectroscopy. There are significant diffcrences between C60 and C70, and even larger changes relative to their infinite analog graphite (C∝). A comparison is made with photocmission and inverse photoemission results, along with first principles quasiparticle calculations.
The thermodynamics of the complexation of lanthanides by 1-hydroxy-4,7-disulfo-2-naphthoic acid

The thermodynamic parameters, log β, ΔH and ΔS, for formation of lanthanide-1-hydroxy-4,7- disulfo-2-naphthoic acid complexes have been determined at 25 °C in 0.10 M NaClO4 solutions by potentiometric and calorimetric titrations. Under the experimental conditions, the data can be explained with the formation of LnL−, LnL25− and LnHL complexes (H2L2− = 1-hydroxy-4,7-disulfo-2- naphthoic acid anion). At pH < 3 the LnHL complex is the major species, whereas by increasing pH the formation of LnLn3−4n complexes becomes more important. The data are compared to the comparable data for complexing by aromatic carboxylic acids.
On the sulfur-source requirement for growth of Thiobacillus intermedius.

Thiobacillus intermedius grows in glucose-mineral salts medium supplemented with any or all of seven reduced organic sulfur compounds but does not grow in the absence of the supplement(s). This growth represents a physiological capability of T. intermedius and does not result from contaminated or mutant cultures. T. intermedius is not capable of assimilating sulfate; exogenous 35SO4-is not incorporated by T. intermedius growing autotrophically or heterotrophically. The demonstrated need for a reduced sulfur source explains the previously reported inability of T. intermedius to grow in glucose-mineral salts medium.
Measurements of submillimeter polarization induced by oblique reflection from aluminum alloy

We have measured the linear polarization induced in a beam of submillimeter radiation when it is obliquely reflected by a flat mirror made of aluminum alloy. For angles of incidence in the range 15°–45°, we measured induced polarizations in the range 0.05%–0.25%. Our measurements are within a factor of 2 of theoretical predictions. We conclude that astronomical telescopes that incorporate oblique reflections from good conductors will not introduce spurious polarizations large enough to cause significant problems for submillimeter polarimetric observations.
Morphological and histochemical studies of bone repair in the rat.

Abstract Bone repair was studied in circumscribed holes drilled in either the inferior border of the mandible or on the lateral surface of the femur. Specimens taken periodically after surgery were studied for morphological changes and by using qualitative histochemical methods for certain hydrolytic and dehydrogenase enzymes. Cartilage formation was not found in any site of healing bone. Within 2 or 3 days after surgery, cells of the organizing granulation tissue exhibited intense staining reactions for acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, nonspecific esterase, and for several dehydrogenases; namely, malic, isocitric, glutamic, lactic, alpha-glycerophosphate, DPNH and TPNH but less for succinic dehydrogenase. In general, hydrolytic and dehydrogenase enzyme activity was greatest in osteoclasts, less in osteoblasts, osteoprogenitor cells and cells of organizing granulation tissue, and least in active osteocytes. Many older osteocytes manifested only slight enzyme activity. Less enzyme activity was evident in cells of the internal callus than in cells of the external callus.
Imaging radiometer overlay model for infrared scene synthesis

A dynamic model of infrared missile engagements needs to integrate the output of signature models into a scene of given resolution with a changing viewpoint and moving targets against some background. Some signature prediction models are stand-alone software packages which currently cannot be dynamically interfaced to a running engagement model. They can be used to conveniently provide an image of an infrared target at high resolution at a single viewpoint. Using an imaging radiometer model, high-resolution, high-fidelity signatures can be quickly combined into a scene of desired configuration. This paper presents the derivation of such a model from physical and signal processing considerations, and its practical implementation. The derived methodology provides very high radiometric accuracy with a rigorously controlled error and smooth integration of objects moving through the scene.
Geophysics in war and peace

Geophysics is the science dealing with physical processes or facts related to the Earth, to its solid body as well as to the water and the atmosphere. It may be divided into general geophysics, the study of geophysical problems for reasons primarily scientific, and applied geophysics which is concerned with problems of economic or military importance [see “References” at end of abstract, Gutenberg, 1937]. As geophysicists investigate problems covering the whole Earth, international cooperation is highly important. On the other hand, cooperation with other sciences, especially geology, geochemistry, and astronomy, is necessary. Geodesy is closely related to geophysics, and sometimes is considered a part of it or combined with it in “geonomy.” Knowledge of the fundamental problems of physics is required of a geophysicist. Details depend on the particular problems; the theory of elastic waves plays an important role in many investigations; the theory of gravitation, electricity, magnetism, optics, and other studies in other fields, In applied geophysics, familiarity with fundamental problems of electrical engineering (electronic devices in instruments) is essential.