cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Continuous-Flow Direct Writing of Hybrid TiO2 Flexible Photo-Electrodes: Processing, Microstructure and Functionality Interrelations

Flexible electronics manufacturing from functional inks is a versatile approach gaining interest from both industry and academia at an accelerated pace; towards its full development, research studies establishing connections between the inks processing conditions and final materials functionalities become necessary. In this work, we report on the relations between synthesis, continuous - flow direct writing parameters, and low energy intensity post-processing of functional TiO2 hybrid ink patterns. Such inks are printed on heat sensitive polymer substrates with typical application in dye solar cell photoelectrodes; nevertheless, their versatility spans a wide range of other applications from sensors to photocatalysts. For the ink formulation, we use an initial crystalline nanoparticle TiO2 phase that provides the main functionality of the printed films. We also add a Ti-precursor that, when post-treated, provides connecting paths for the initial phase thus forming continuous porous structures. We find that the ink’s formulation plays a pivotal role by providing the means for tuning its rheological properties (necessary for successful direct writing), the ink-substrate interactions, and the printed microstructures. We further discuss the implications of such compositional variations, introduced when adding polymeric agents, such as polyacrylic acid, on the crystallization of the Ti-organic precursor into TiO2 bridges between the nanoparticles. We finally report on the electrical properties of the printed TiO2 photoelectrodes as compared to conventionally fabricated counterparts. The design, continuous – flow direct writing, and the subsequent mild thermal-energy treatments of hybrid sol-gel based TiO2 inks may hold the key for large-scale and sustainable additive manufacturing of flexible functional components for a range of applications.
Identification of neuron selective androgen receptor inhibitors.

Aim To identify neuron-selective androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitors, which could be useful in the treatment of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), or Kennedy's disease, a neuromuscular disorder in which deterioration of motor neurons leads to progressive muscle weakness. Methods Cell lines representing prostate, kidney, neuron, adipose, and muscle tissue were developed that stably expressed the CFP-AR-YFP FRET reporter. We used these cells to screen a library of small molecules for cell type-selective AR inhibitors. Secondary screening in luciferase assays was used to identify the best cell-type specific AR inhibitors. The mechanism of action of a neuron-selective AR inhibitor was examined in vitro using luciferase reporter assays, immunofluorescence microscopy, and immunoprecipitations. Rats were treated with the most potent compound and tissue-selective AR inhibition was examined using RT-qPCR of AR-regulated genes and immunohistochemistry. Results We identified the thiazole class of antibiotics as compounds able to inhibit AR signaling in a neuronal cell line but not a muscle cell line. One of these antibiotics, thiostrepton is able to inhibit the activity of both wild type and polyglutamine expanded AR in neuronal GT1-7 cells with nanomolar potency. The thiazole antibiotics are known to inhibit FOXM1 activity and accordingly, a novel FOXM1 inhibitor FDI-6 also inhibited AR activity in a neuron-selective fashion. The selective inhibition of AR is likely indirect as the varied structures of these compounds would not suggest that they are competitive antagonists. Indeed, we found that FOXM1 expression correlates with cell-type selectivity, FOXM1 co-localizes with AR in the nucleus, and that shRNA-mediated knock down of FOXM1 reduces AR activity and thiostrepton sensitivity in a neuronal cell line. Thiostrepton treatment reduces FOXM1 levels and the nuclear localization of beta-catenin, a known co-activator of both FOXM1 and AR, and reduces the association between beta-catenin and AR. Treatment of rats with thiostrepton demonstrated AR signaling inhibition in neurons, but not muscles. Conclusion Our results suggest that thiazole antibiotics, or other inhibitors of the AR-FOXM1 axis, can inhibit AR signaling selectively in motor neurons and may be useful in the treatment or prevention of SBMA symptoms.
Inspection of 56 Fe γ-Ray angular distributions as a function of incident neutron energy using optical model approaches

Neutron inelastic scattering cross sections measured directly through (n,n) or deduced from γ-ray production cross sections following inelastic neutron scattering (n,n′ γ) are a focus of basic and applied research at the University of Kentucky Accelerator Laboratory (www.pa.uky.edu/accelerator). For nuclear data applications, angle-integrated cross sections are desired over a wide range of fast neutron energies. Several days of experimental beam time are required for a data set at each incident neutron energy, which limits the number of angular distributions that can be measured in a reasonable amount of time. Approximations can be employed to generate cross sections with a higher energy resolution, since at 125o , the a 2 P 2 term of the Legendre expansion is identically zero and the a 4 P 4 is assumed to be very small. Provided this assumption is true, a single measurement at 125o would produce the γ-ray production cross section. This project tests these assumptions and energy dependences using the codes CINDY/SCAT and TALYS/ECIS06/SCAT. It is found that care must be taken when interpreting γ-ray excitation functions as cross sections when the incident neutron energy is < 1000 keV above threshold or before the onset of feeding.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a CPR Decision Support Video for Patients Admitted to the General Medicine Service.

BACKGROUND Patient preferences regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are important, especially during hospitalization when a patient's health is changing. Yet many patients are not adequately informed or involved in the decision-making process. OBJECTIVE We examined the effect of an informational video about CPR on hospitalized patients' code status choices. DESIGN This was a prospective, randomized trial conducted at the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System in Minnesota. PARTICIPANTS We enrolled 119 patients, hospitalized on the general medicine service, and at least 65 years old. The majority were men (97%) with a mean age of 75. INTERVENTION A video described code status choices: full code (CPR and intubation if required), do not resuscitate (DNR), and do not resuscitate/do not intubate (DNR/DNI). Participants were randomized to watch the video (n = 59) or usual care (n = 60). MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was participants' code status preferences. Secondary outcomes included a questionnaire designed to evaluate participants' trust in their healthcare team and knowledge and perceptions about CPR. RESULTS Participants who viewed the video were less likely to choose full code (37%) compared to participants in the usual care group (71%) and more likely to choose DNR/DNI (56% in the video group vs. 17% in the control group) (𝑃 < 0.00001). We did not see a difference in trust in their healthcare team or knowledge and perceptions about CPR as assessed by our questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS Hospitalized patients who watched a video about CPR and code status choices were less likely to choose full code and more likely to choose DNR/DNI.
HU-331 and Oxidized Cannabidiol Act as Inhibitors of Human Topoisomerase IIα and β

Topoisomerase II is a critical enzyme in replication, transcription, and the regulation of chromatin topology. Several anticancer agents target topoisomerases in order to disrupt cell growth. Cannabidiol is a major non-euphoriant, pharmacologically active component of cannabis. Previously, we examined the cannabidiol derivative HU-331 in order to characterize the mechanism of the compound against topoisomerase IIα. In this current work, we explore whether cannabidiol (CBD) impacts topoisomerase II activity, and we additionally examine the activity of these compounds against topoisomerase IIβ. CBD does not appear to strongly inhibit DNA relaxation and is not a poison of topoisomerase II DNA cleavage. However, oxidation of CBD allows this compound to inhibit DNA relaxation by topoisomerase IIα and β without poisoning DNA cleavage. Additionally, we found that oxidized CBD, similar to HU-331, inhibits ATP hydrolysis and can result in inactivation of topoisomerase IIα and β. We also determined that oxidized CB...
Sex Cord-Mesenchyme Tumours

The category “sex cord-mesenchyme tumours” includes all neoplasms composed of cells that are ultimately derived from the sex cords or the mesenchyme of the embryonic gonad (Morris and Scully, 1958). These tumours may contain granulosa cells, stromal-theca cells, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells or the precursors of these elements, alone or in any combination. The term “mesenchymoma” has also been applied to this group of neoplasms (Malkasian et al., 1965), but it has a less acceptable embryologic basis because there is disagreement as to whether the sex cords and their derivatives, the granulosa and Sertoli cells, develop from the mesenchyme or from the “germinal” epithelium. The designation “specialized gonadal stromal tumours” was proposed for neoplasms of the testis that contain combinations of the various cell types mentioned above (Mostofi et al., 1959), and this term was subsequently adopted for the analogous ovarian tumours (Hertig and Gore, 1961; Novak and Long, 1965), but it has the same theoretical disadvantage as “mesenchymoma”. The ideal name awaits a concensus among embryologists on the origins of the gonadal cell types but, whatever term is used, authorities generally agree that the tumours in question fall into four broad categories.
Ring GINA: A Wearable Computer Interaction Device

The Ring GINA platform is capable of sensing and interpreting a user’s hand and finger movements to emulate and enhance the functions of classic input methods to smartphones, tablets, and heads-up displays. A wearable platform frees the user from the need to know hand position relative to a keyboard or touchscreen, and grants the ability to perform gestures in open space or on any surface. Here, a method is presented that utilizes these rings as a text input system. In moving forward, efforts are being focused on creating a library of gestures to perform additional tasks, as well as further miniaturizing the mote and ring.
Integrating Environmental and Social Standards into Supply Management — An Action Research Project

Companies are perceived as important actors in the drive for sustainability. Linked to this and in response to increasing demands from various stakeholder groups, companies start to look at their supply chain to enhance their overall sustainability profile. Reasons for these two major issues can be identified: (1) focal companies are held responsible for environmental and social problems caused by their suppliers, which becomes more and more important as (2) an increasing share of value is created at the supplier level. In response to such demands, companies have to find ways to incorporate environmental and social aspects into their supply (chain) management. Therefore, environmental and social standards are set up in supply management by amending the purchasing processes. This paper presents an approach to integrate social and environmental standards extensively into supply management at a focal company. Therefore, action research (AR) was used as the research methodology to identify the required changes of the sourcing structures and present possible options for the company to do so.
Existing Military Arrangements

Overshadowing all European moves in the construction of a common defence policy is the still pre-eminent position of NATO in Europe. This pre-eminence is due mainly, though not exclusively, to its integrated central strategic command, a quality not possessed by any other military organisation in Europe. Linked with this unique position are many technological facilities — such as logistics and intelligence — for which Europeans would have to pay much more if they wished to duplicate them. The other option open to the Europeans would be to ask America’s permission to use these NATO facilities should they be unable and/or unwilling to bear such costs — and that is another story. But, what then, are the military bodies currently in existence in Western Europe?
John Zuricher, Stone Cutter, and His Imprint on the Religious Landscape of Colonial New York

John Zuricher was colonial New York City’s most prolific gravestone carver. Compared to the rather thin documentary trail that John Zuricher left, his material record is incredibly rich, comprising several hundred gravestones produced during a career that spanned four decades. Zuricher appears to have been active in both the Dutch and German communities but he also had many clients among the English elite in Manhattan. Zuricher’s stones also provide information about colonial trade networks. Working in New York City Zuricher found it easy to link into both regional trade networks and also into an East Coast trade network with Zuricher producing stones for clients as far south as Charleston, South Carolina. The Zuricher gravestones survive as artifacts to tell a story not only about Zuricher the man and his career but more importantly about life in colonial New York.
Elements of Information Theory for Networked Control Systems

Next generation cyber-physical systems challenge the standard assumption of classical control theory that communication can be performed instantaneously, reliably, and with infinite precision. This motivated, at the turning of the millennium, the birth of a new chapter of control theory relating the ability to control dynamical systems to the characteristics of the communication channels used in the feedback loop. Potential applications of the theory include remote robot control, automated highway navigation using wireless sensor systems, automatic control for unmanned aerial vehicles, and design of critical energy, transportation, and health care systems. In this chapter we review a series of contributions at the intersection of information and control theories, briefly describe applications, sketch mathematical arguments, and illustrate in a tutorial style the main information-theoretic and control-theoretic tools used to derive these results. We also draw a connection between control over networks and some recent advancements in feedback communication, and mention some open problems related to error correcting codes for interactive communications.
Gambler’s Fallacy and Hot Hand Fallacy

Simone was a 23-year-old woman who had been acting oddly for the past week, fearful that her neighbors were spying on her. She had left home 2 days prior and her mother had not seen her since. She was brought to the hospital after she tried to enter City Hall to warn the mayor about an upcoming invasion. She was admitted to the psychiatric unit where she was diagnosed with an “acute psychotic disorder.” Her mother heard from hospital staff that two women on the unit had been recently diagnosed with limbic encephalitis, an autoimmune disorder that presents with memory loss, personality changes, psychiatric symptoms, involuntary movements, and seizures. She insisted that her daughter be evaluated for this disorder, though the psychiatrist declined. On her fifth day in the hospital, she had a seizure and was transferred to the neurology service where an MRI showed abnormalities of the temporal lobes consistent with limbic encephalitis.
Don’t Txt Me L8r, Text Me Now: Exploring Community College Student Preferences for Receiving a Text Message from Their Institution

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study was to articulate community college student preferences for receiving a text message from their institution. Method: Using a random sampling technique...
Trypanosoma brucei Homologue of Regulator of Ribosome Synthesis 1 (Rrs1) Has Direct Interactions with Essential Trypanosome-Specific Proteins.

ABSTRACT Studies in eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis have largely been performed in yeast, where they have described a highly complex process involving numerous protein and RNA components. Due to the complexity and crucial nature of this process, a number of checkpoints are necessary to ensure that only properly assembled ribosomes are released into the cytoplasm. Assembly of the 5S ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex is one of these checkpoints for late-stage 60S subunit maturation. Studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have identified the 5S rRNA and four proteins, L5, L11, Rpf2, and Rrs1, as comprising the ribosome-associated 5S RNP. Work from our laboratory has shown that in the eukaryotic pathogen Trypanosoma brucei, the 5S RNP includes trypanosome-specific proteins P34/P37, as well as homologues of L5, Rpf2, and 5S rRNA. In this study, we examine a homologue of Rrs1 and identify it as an additional member of the T. brucei 5S RNP. Using RNA interference, we show that TbRrs1 is essential for the survival of T. brucei and has an important role in ribosome subunit formation and, together with TbRpf2, plays a role in 25/28S and 5.8S rRNA processing. We further show that TbRrs1 is a member of the T. brucei 5S RNP through the identification of novel direct interactions with P34/P37 and 5S rRNA as well as with TbL5 and TbRpf2. These unique characteristics of TbRrs1 highlight the importance of studying ribosome biogenesis in the context of diverse organisms and identify interactions that could be targeted for future drug development. IMPORTANCETrypanosoma brucei is a parasite responsible for human and animal African trypanosomiasis. Current treatments for these diseases have numerous problems, and the development of novel chemotherapeutics can be achieved by identifying targets that are parasite specific and part of essential processes. Ribosome biogenesis is the process of generating translation-competent ribosomes and is critical for survival in all organisms. Work from our laboratory has shown that the formation of the 5S RNP, a crucial checkpoint in ribosome biogenesis, requires trypanosome-specific proteins P34/P37 and homologues of Rpf2 and L5 which possess parasite-specific characteristics. In this study, we characterize TbRrs1, an additional member of the T. brucei 5S RNP, and show that it is essential for parasite survival and has unique interactions with P34/P37 and 5S rRNA. This expands our understanding of the 5S RNP in T. brucei and identifies new targets for future drug development.
Using French Language Facebook Posts to Increase Beginning Students' Instrumentality and Cultural Interest

This quasi-experimental study examined the impact of interactions with native French language Facebook posts on beginning French language learners’ attitudes towards the target language and culture. Participants in this study were recruited from two sections of FRE 1120, Elementary French Language and Civilization I at the University of Central Florida. Native French language Facebook posts were ‘pushed’ to participants’ personal Facebook News Feeds over the course of four weeks, with posts pushed on weekdays only. Dornyei and Clement’s (2001) Language Orientation Questionnaire was used to measure participants’ attitudes towards the target language and culture. Data were analysed using a split-plot ANOVA. A total of twenty-six participants completed the study, with fourteen participants in the control group and twelve participants in the treatment group. Both sections of FRE 1120 were conducted in a face-to-face modality and were taught by the same instructor. Results indicated that participants’ attitudes towards the target language and culture were not significantly impacted by interaction with native French language Facebook posts. Opportunities for future research include increasing the size of the sample, increasing the length of the study, and selecting participants who are more advanced in their mastery of the target language.
105 – Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses various aspects of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). The antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) represents one of the most commonly identifiable causes for an acquired hypercoagulable state causing cerebral ischemia. Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), immunoglobulins directed against phospholipids, including cardiolipin, and a protein cofactor are associated with a variety of clinical manifestations often recurrent events. Antiphospholipid antibodies are circulating immunoglobulins that bind anionic and neutral phospholipid-containing moieties. Ischemic strokes associated with aPL are generally moderately sized in the territory of the large and small branches of the middle cerebral artery. Anticardiolipin antibody and lupus anticoagulant may overlap in immunologic activity and binding specificity but their concordance is not 100%. Mechanisms of the most common neurological manifestations of APS are probably heterogeneous and include cardiac valve lesions, a hypercoagulable state, and cerebral vascular endotheliopathy. Therapeutic options in the patients include antithrombotics and immune based treatment.
Methods of analysis of chloroplast genomes of C3, Kranz type C4 and Single Cell C4 photosynthetic members of Chenopodiaceae.

Chloroplast genome information is critical to understanding forms of photosynthesis in the plant kingdom. During the evolutionary process, plants have developed different photosynthetic strategies that are accompanied by complementary biochemical and anatomical features. Members of family Chenopodiaceae have species with C3 photosynthesis, and variations of C4 photosynthesis in which photorespiration is reduced by concentrating CO2 around Rubisco through dual coordinated functioning of dimorphic chloroplasts. Among dicots, the family has the largest number of C4 species, and greatest structural and biochemical diversity in forms of C4 including the canonical dual-cell Kranz anatomy, and the recently identified single cell C4 with the presence of dimorphic chloroplasts separated by a vacuole. This is the first comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes in species representative of photosynthetic types in the family. Methodology with high throughput sequencing complemented with Sanger sequencing of selected loci provided high quality and complete chloroplast genomes of seven species in the family and one species in the closely related Amaranthaceae family, representing C3, Kranz type C4 and single cell C4 (SSC4) photosynthesis six of the eight chloroplast genomes are new, while two are improved versions of previously published genomes. The depth of coverage obtained using high-throughput sequencing complemented with targeted resequencing of certain loci enabled superior resolution of the border junctions, directionality and repeat region sequences. Comparison of the chloroplast genomes with previously sequenced plastid genomes revealed similar genome organization, gene order and content with a few revisions. High-quality complete chloroplast genome sequences resulted in correcting the orientation the LSC region of the published Bienertia sinuspersici chloroplast genome, identification of stop codons in the rpl23 gene in B. sinuspersici and B. cycloptera, and identifying an instance of IR expansion in the Haloxylon ammodendron inverted repeat sequence. The rare observation of a mitochondria-to-chloroplast inter-organellar gene transfer event was identified in family Chenopodiaceae. This study reports complete chloroplast genomes from seven Chenopodiaceae and one Amaranthaceae species. The depth of coverage obtained using high-throughput sequencing complemented with targeted resequencing of certain loci enabled superior resolution of the border junctions, directionality, and repeat region sequences. Therefore, the use of high throughput and Sanger sequencing, in a hybrid method, reaffirms to be rapid, efficient, and reliable for chloroplast genome sequencing.
Energy Management for Dummies: Focus on Sulfuric Acid Plants in a Phosphate Fertilizer Complex

ABSTRACT In today's world of rising energy prices and uncertain global energy supply, energy management is more relevant than ever. This article explores some fundamental aspects of how to develop a sustainable energy management program. While the specific details of the article deal primarily with a sulfuric acid plant integrated into a phosphate fertilizer manufacturing complex, the approach is applicable in just about any industry or for any utility. The key topics covered are the need for robust energy maps and models, the need for good leading and lagging indicators, and some practical results and suggestions from the author's experience with energy management. As the title suggests, the purpose of this article is not to introduce novel concepts or cutting edge technologies; instead, every effort has been made to eliminate the distractions of formulas and technical jargon so that the information presented can be useful to the department manager or utility engineer.
Spatiotemporal patterns of alcohol outlets and violence: A spatially heterogeneous Markov chain analysis:

Alcohol-related violence remains a serious social and public health problem in the United States. A large corpus of work suggests a positive statistical relationship between alcohol outlet density ...
Genome Sequence of Streptomyces sp. Strain HB-N217, Isolated from the Marine Sponge Forcepia sp.

ABSTRACT The genome sequence of the Forcepia sponge-derived bacterium Streptomyces sp. strain HB-N217 was determined, with approximately 8.25 Mbp and a G+C content of 72.1%. Thirty biosynthetic gene clusters that bear the capability to produce secondary metabolites were predicted. The results will aid marine natural product chemistry and sponge-microbe association studies.
Physicochemical and biological treatment of textile wastewater

Abstract The environment protection has become a major economic and political issue. All the countries are concerned with water resources safeguarding. Increased textile activities are putting expending pressure on these water supplies. This activity generates colored wastewater with a large pollution load. Therefore, these effluents must be treated before their discharge. However, their decolorization is difficult because organic dyes are recalcitrant to conventional processes. Several types of treatment have been developed and tested such as physical and biological methods and advanced oxidation processes. The use of a single process does not achieve the desired objectives. Thus, the combination of several methods, which contains physical, chemical, and biological methods depending on the type and the amount of pollution loads, can be an interesting alternative. This chapter surveys available technologies employed to decolorize textile wastewater and their efficacies, and investigates the possibilities of valorizing these effluents by producing clean energy.
Improving Causal Inference by Increasing Model Expressiveness.

The ability to learn and reason with causal knowledge is a key aspect of intelligent behavior. In contrast to mere statistical association, knowledge of causation enables reasoning about the effects of actions. Causal reasoning is vital for autonomous agents and for a range of applications in science, medicine, business, and government. However, current methods for causal inference are hobbled because they use relatively inexpressive models. Surprisingly, current causal models eschew nearly every major representational innovation common in a range of other fields both inside and outside of computer science, including representation of objects, relationships, time, space, and hierarchy. Even more surprisingly, a range of recent research provides strong evidence that more expressive representations make possible causal inferences that are otherwise impossible and remove key biases that would otherwise afflict more naive inferences. New research on causal inference should target increases in expressiveness to improve accuracy and effectiveness.
Physician perceived barriers and facilitators for self-measured blood pressure monitoring- a qualitative study.

Introduction Improving hypertension management is a national priority that can decrease morbidity and mortality. Evidence-based hypertension management guidelines advocate self-measured BP (SMBP), but widespread implementation of SMBP is lacking. The purpose of this study was to describe the perspective of primary care physicians (PCPs) on SMBP to identify the barriers and facilitators for implementing SMBP. Methods We collected data from PCPs from a large health system using semi-structured interviews based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Responses were recorded, transcribed, and qualitatively analyzed into three overarching TDF domains based on the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW): 1) Motivation 2) Opportunity and 3) Capabilities. The sample size was based on theme saturation. Results All 17 participating PCPs believed that SMBP is a useful, but underutilized tool. Although individual practices varied, most physicians felt that the increased data points from SMBP allowed for better hypertension management. Most felt that overcoming existing barriers would be difficult, but identified several facilitators: physician support of SMBP, the possibility of having other trained health professionals to assist with SMBP and patient education; improving patient engagement and empowerment with SMBP, and the interest of the health system in using technology to improve hypertension management. Conclusion PCPs believe that SMBP can improve hypertension management. There are numerous barriers and facilitators for implementing SMBP. Successful implementation in clinical practice will require implementation strategies targeted at increasing patient acceptability and reducing physician workload. This may need a radical change in the current methods of managing hypertension.
Community Flood Risk and Infrastructure: Examining National Flood Impacts Using a High Precision Risk Assessment Tool

Changing environmental conditions are driving worsening flood events, with consequences for counties, cities, towns, and local communities. To understand individual flood risk within this changing climate, local community resiliency and infrastructure impacts must also be considered. Past research has attempted to capture this but has faced several limitations. This study provides a nation-wide model of community flooding risk currently and in 30 years through the use of high resolution input data (parcel-level), multi-source flood hazard information (four major flood types), multi-return period hazard information (six return periods), operational threshold integration, and future facing risk. Risk is quantified here as the level of flooding relative to operational thresholds. This study finds that over the next 30 years, millions of additional properties will be at risk, as risk is expected to increase for residential properties by 10%, roads by 3%, commercial properties by 7%, critical infrastructure facilities by 6%, and social infrastructure facilities by 9%. Additionally, certain counties and cities persistently display risk patterns. A high-resolution model of community infrastructure flood risk is important for an understanding of community infrastructure risk and to serve as a comprehensive input for advancing future and related research.
Correlation of 68Ga-FAPi-46 PET biodistribution with FAP expression by immunohistochemistry in patients with solid cancers: a prospective translational exploratory study

Purpose: Fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-expressing cancer-associated fibroblasts confer treatment resistance, promote metastasis and immunosuppression. Because FAP is overexpressed in many cancers, radiolabeled molecules targeting FAP are studied for their use as pan-cancer theranostic agents. This study aims to establish the spectrum of FAP expression across various cancers by immunohistochemistry and to explore whether gallium-68 FAPi-46 (68Ga-FAPi-46) PET biodistribution faithfully reflects FAP expression from resected cancer and non-cancer specimens. Methods: We conducted a FAP expression screening by using immunohistochemistry on a pan-cancer human tissue microarray (TMA) (141 patients, 14 different types of cancer) and an interim analysis of a prospective exploratory imaging trial in cancer patients. Volunteer patients underwent one whole body 68Ga-FAPi-46 PET/CT scan and subsequently, surgical resection of their primary tumor and/or metastasis. 68Ga-FAPi-46 PET maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax and SUVmean) was correlated with FAP immunohistochemistry score in cancer and non-cancer tissues for each patient. Results: FAP was expressed across all 14 cancers types on TMA with variable intensity and frequency, ranging from 25 to 100% (mean 76.6±25.3%). Strong FAP expression was observed in 50-100% of cancers of the bile duct, bladder, colon, esophagus, stomach, lung, oropharynx, ovary and pancreas. Fifteen patients with various cancer types (colorectal (n = 4), head and neck (n = 3), pancreas (n = 2), breast (n = 2), stomach (n = 1), esophagus (n = 2) and uterus (n = 1)) underwent surgery following their 68Ga-FAPi-46 PET/CT scan within a mean time interval of 16.1±14.4 days. 68Ga-FAPi-46 SUVs and immunohistochemistry scores were higher in cancer than in normal tissue: mean SUVmax 7.7 vs 1.6 (p<0.001), mean SUVmean 6.2 vs 1.0 (p<0.001) and mean FAP immunohistochemistry score 2.8 vs 0.9 (p<0.001). FAP immunohistochemistry scores strongly correlated with 68Ga-FAPi 46 SUVmax and SUVmean: r=0.781 (95%CI 0.376-0.936; p<0.001) and r=0.783 (95%CI 0.379-0.936; p<0.001), respectively. Conclusion: In this interim analysis of a prospective exploratory imaging trial, 68Ga-FAPi-46 PET biodistribution across multiple cancers strongly correlated with FAP tissue expression. These findings support further exploration of FAPi PET as a pan-cancer imaging biomarker for FAP expression and stratification tool for FAP- targeted therapies.
Heterogeneity and Efficiency in the Brain

The brain carries out enormously diverse and complex information processing operations to deal with a constantly varying world on a power budget of about 12–20 W. We argue that this efficiency is achieved in part through the dedication of specialized circuit elements and architectures to specific computational tasks, in a hierarchy stretching from the scale of neurons to scale of the entire brain, in sharp contrast to the conventional von Neumann architectures. This paper suggests that the heterogeneous computational repertoires of the brain are architectural memories of efficient computational procedures that are learned via evolutionary selection.
Hospital Ownership and Quality of Care: What Explains the Different Results?

Does quality of care systematically differ among government-owned, private not-for-profit, and for-profit hospitals? A large empirical literature provides conflicting evidence. Through quantitative review of 46 studies since 1990, we find that several study features that can explain divergent results: analytic methods, disease studied, and data sources. For unprofitable care, how studies handle market competition and regional differences account for substantial variation. Policymakers should be aware that differences in results appear to arise predominantly from differences between studies%u2019 analytic methods. Moreover, conventional methods of meta-analytic synthesis should be applied with great caution given the considerable overlap among studied hospitals.
Social Change and Educational Outcomes: An Interview with Harold G. Shane

Reprinted by permission of the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, www.AAHERD.org.
Etude structurale de métalloprotéines à centres [2Fe-2S]. Cas d'une ferrédoxine et d'une dioxygénase impliquée dans la biodégradation des hydrocarbures aromatiques. Cristallographie des protéines à très haute énergie. Méthodes de phasage d'une protéine modele à 55 keV.

Les metalloproteines contenant des centres Fe-S jouent un role important dans la nature car elles sont impliquees dans des fonctions physiologiques essentielles telles que la photosynthese, la respiration et la fixation de l'azote. Dans cette these, une ferredoxine impliquee dans la biogenese des centres Fe-S, et une dioxygenase bacterienne jouant un role crucial dans la biodegradation des hydrocarbures aromatiques ont fait l'objet d‘analyses structurales par cristallographie aux rayons X. La structure d'une ferredoxine de la bacterie photosynthetique Rhodobacter capsulatus, a ete resolue dans les etats oxyde et reduit. De petits changements structuraux ont ete observes lors de la reduction, notamment au voisinage du centre [2Fe-2S]. Ces changements sont compares a ceux decrits pour des ferredoxines de structure similaire mais de fonction differente. Une metalloproteine plus complexe, appartenant a une grande famille de dioxygenases bacteriennes, a ete etudiee pour son activite d'oxydation des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP). Cette enzyme a trois composantes, isolee d'une souche de Sphingomonas degradant les HAP comprend une oxydoreductase a NAD(P)H, une ferredoxine a centre [2Fe-2S], et composante oxygenase de six sous-unites assemblees en un hexamere de type α3β3. La composante oxygenase, appelee PhnI, contient une centre [2Fe-2S] de type Rieske et un ion ferreux par sous-unite α, qui ont ete identifies par leur signature RPE. L'enzyme est douee d'une specificite du substrat extremement large, puisqu'elle est capable d'hydroxyle toute une gamme de HAP fait de 2 a 5 cycles aromatiques, y compris des cancerogenes comme le benz[a]anthracene et le benzo[a]pyrene. Avec le naphtalene comme substrat, des mesures de cinetique ont montre que cette enzyme a un Km bas (0.92 WM) et une constante de specificite de 2.0 WM-1. s-1. La proteine Phn1 a ete cristallisee, et sa structure 3D a ete resolue avec une resolution de 1.85 A. En depit d'une modeste similitude de sequence avec des dioxygenases homologues, le repliement polypeptidique est tres semblable. Des differences ont toutefois ete observees au niveau de la poche catalytique. Les proteines sous forme cristallisee, notamment les proteines Fe-S, peuvent subir des dommages dus au rayonnement X synchrotron, causant des artefacts lors de la determination de la structure. Pour essayer de palier cet inconvenient, des rayons X de tres haute energie (55 keV; 0.22 A), qui sont peu absorbes par les proteines, ont ete utilises pour resoudre la structure d'une proteine modele, le lysozyme. Une structure a ete etablie pour la premiere fois par cette approche, en utilisant les phases experimentales obtenues par differentes methodes. Les applications potentielles en biologie structurale sont discutees.
Improved sequential estimation of means of exponential distributions

Both one-sample and multi-sample estimation problems for the means of one parameter exponential distributions are addressed. In the one-sample case, for the existing purely sequential and recently obtained piecewise sequential estimation methodologies, we follow and extend the development in Isogai and Uno (1993,Ann. Inst. Statist. Math. (in press)) in order to obtain a class of estimators that provides asymptotic second-order risk improvement. In the multi-sample problem, we address the analogous aspects for the existing purely sequential methodology as well as the newly developed piecewise methodology.
The Causes of Signaling from the Administration and Threats from Congress to the Federal Reserve

The previous chapter considered the effects of executive branch signaling to and legislative branch threatening of the monetary authority. The present chapter will consider their causes. The first part of the Chapter investigates the causes of signaling; the latter part investigates the causes of threatening. It is reasonable to view the quantities of signaling or threatening to the Federal Reserve, as dependent variables, which, at a minimum, may be influenced by measures of the state of the economy, as explanatory variables. The perspective is that of the standard reaction function. A conventional reaction function estimates how policymakers react to measures of the state of the economy as well as to other variables which reflect political or partisanship considerations. Therefore, reaction functions typically relate a policy instrument or policy control variable, as a dependent variable, to the state of the economy variables that the policymaker is ultimately seeking to affect.1
Investigation of crystalline orientation, thermodynamic properties and Curie transition of ferroelectric VF/sub 2//TrFE copolymers

Summary form only given, as follows. VF/sub 2//TrFE copolymers have been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy, and piezoelectric characterization. The orientation of crystalline axes has been determined by pole figure analysis as a function of poling and processing history Morphology and crystallization kinetics have been studied with an optical microscope, during isothermal crystallization on 70/30 copolymer. Thermodynamic equilibrium temperature and infinite crystal enthalpy were extrapolated from melting temperatures and heats of fusion, measured on DSC thermodiagrams. The influence of monomer composition, processing history, and poling on Curie transition have been investigated, and poling on Curie transition have been investigated, and the resulting piezoelectric characteristics have been determined. >
Progress Report on the Hot DB PG0112+104

We present photometric observations of the hot DB PG0112+104. We find evidence for low amplitude pulsations at 197 and 168 seconds.
Competence for deoxyribonucleic acid uptake and deoxyribonuclease action external to cells in the genetic transformation of Diplococcus pneumoniae.

A mutant of Diplococcus pneumoniae that apparently does not require activator can become competent for uptake of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) when grown in dilute cultures or in the presence of trypsin. Development of competence in both mutant and wild strains is temperature dependent, being 10-fold greater at 30 C than at 37 C. Induction of competence on a shift from 37 to 30 C requires protein synthesis and the presence of Mg2+ and Ca2+; uptake of DNA does not require protein synthesis. Competence decays exponentially at higher temperatures. As well as taking up DNA, competent cells release oligonucleotide fragments of donor DNA in the medium external to the cells. Normal strains release fragments comparable in amount to the DNA taken up; but, in a mutant selected for inability to degrade DNA in agar, the amount of fragments formed external to the cells is only 40% of DNA uptake. Requirements for external deoxyribonuclease action are identical to those for DNA uptake: prior development of competence and the presence during treatment with DNA of Mg2+ ions and a source of energy.
Vinyl Radical Cyclization via Addition of Tin Radicals to Triple Bonds: 3‐Methylene‐4‐isopropyl‐1,1‐cyclopentanedicarboxylic Acid, Dimethyl Ester

Vinyl radical cyclization via addition of tin radicals to triple bonds: 3-Methylene-4-isopropyl-1,1-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid, dimethyl ester intermediate: (3-Methyl-2-butenyl)propanedioic acid, dimethyl ester (1) intermediate: (3-Methyl-2-butenyl)(2-propynyl)propanedioic acid, dimethyl ester (2) intermediate: (Z)-3-Tributylstannylmethylene-4-isopropyl-1,1-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid, dimethyl ester (3) product: 3-Methylene-4-isopropyl-1,1-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid, dimethyl ester (4) Keywords: alkylation, C-alkylation; alkylation, C-alkylation; cyclization, condensation; hydrolysis, miscellaneous; metalation reactions, tin; azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN); methanol; tetrahydrofuran; benzene
APPROXIMATION METHOD FOR HIGH-ENERGY POTENTIAL SCATTERING

An approximation method for high-energy potential scattering is developed that expresses the scattered amplitude in terms of a quadrature, similar to the Born approximation but superior to it in accuracy. It is valid when the potential is slowly varying compared to a wavelength, $\frac{|V|}{{E}^{\ensuremath{'}}}$ is small compared to unity, $\ensuremath{\theta}$ is either small or large compared to ${(\mathrm{kR})}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}}$, and $\frac{|V|R}{\ensuremath{\hbar}v}$ is unrestricted in magnitude, where ${E}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, $\ensuremath{\theta}$, $k$, and $v$ are the kinetic energy, scattering angle, wave number, and speed of the scattered particle, and $V$ and $R$ are rough measures of the strength and range of the scattering potential, which may be complex. For comparison, the Born approximation requires that $\frac{|V|R}{\ensuremath{\hbar}v}$ be small compared to unity. The procedure consists in summing the infinite Born series after approximating each term by the method of stationary phase. Both the Schr\"odinger and Dirac equations are treated, and it is expected that the method can be extended to the scattering theory of other wave equations. The relation of the present work to previous work of others is discussed, and the limitations of WKB or eikonal-type approximations are explored. The method is expected to be especially useful for calculating the scattering of fast electrons, neutrons, and protons from nonspherical nuclei.
Oxygen Imaging by Cerenkov-Excited Phosphorescence in Glioma Tumors during Radiation Therapy

Cherenkov photons generated during radiation therapy excite a phosphorescent agent, Platinum(II)G4, whose triplet lifetime is sensitive to pO2. Phosphorescence emission is measured at the boundary of rodent glioma subjects and beam-guided recovery is outlined for local pO2 estimation.
Binding to an RNA aptamer changes the charge distribution and conformation of malachite green.

RNA plays a central role in many biological processes and is therefore an important target for drug development. In recent years an increasing wealth of structural and functional information about RNA−ligand complexes has been obtained using in vitro selected RNAs (aptamers). However, all those studies focused on structure and changes of the nucleic acid and mostly considered the ligand as a rigid target. To develop a detailed picture of ligand structure and dynamics in RNA−small molecule complexes, the malachite green binding aptamer was studied. Isotopically labeled ligand in complex with RNA was analyzed by NMR spectroscopy in solution. The surprisingly asymmetric changes in the 13C chemical shift of the ligand methyl groups indicate that the dye undergoes changes in its conformation and charge distribution upon binding. The role of the RNA electrostatic field in this interaction was explored using ab initio calculations of the ligand structure and charge distribution. The results indicate that the une...
Hydrogenation of CO2 on group VIII metals: II. Kinetics and mechanism of CO2 hydrogenation on nickel

The rate of CO2 hydrogenation on Ni/SiO2 was measured as a function of H2 and CO2 partial pressures at 500–600 K, 140 kPa, and 30,000–90,000 h−1. The data show that the rate of CO2 hydrogenation is moderately dependent on CO2 and H2 concentrations at low partial pressures but essentially concentration independent at high partial pressures. Under most typical reaction conditions CO is observed as a product of the reaction at levels determined by quasi-equilibrium between surface and gas phase CO species. Addition of CO to the reactants above this equilibrium level causes a significant decrease in the rate of CO2 hydrogenation apparently as a result of product inhibition. Reaction orders and the true activation energy are quite temperature dependent indicating that a simple power law rate expression provides an inadequate fit of the data. Indeed, the kinetic results are consistent with a complex Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism involving dissociative adsorption of CO2 to CO and atomic oxygen followed by hydrogenation of CO via a carbon intermediate to methane.