cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Getting Beyond the Productivity Gap

Although contemporary definitions of scholarship describe diverse activities through which faculty develop, verify, and advance knowledge of their profession, evaluations of social work program productivity have continued to emphasize the quantity of full-length articles published in selected social work journals. For this study, the authors applied a conceptual framework based on the intended audience and the function of over 1,700 articles and book reviews published from 1990-1993 by faculty of professorial rank at 45 social work doctoral programs. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed four qualitatively distinct patterns of scholarly productivity, none of which was associated with quantitative productivity. Implications for social work practice and for knowledge development are identified and discussed.
OPIOID-INDUCED HYPERMOTILITY IN RATS

Locomotor activity of rats was recorded after parenteral administration of putative μ, κ, and σ opioid agonists. In agreement with data in the literature, low doses of morphine sulfate (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg s.c.) induced grooming behavior and exploratory activities, and frequent bursts of running lasting 2 to 5 seconds; short periods of motionlessness separated the morphine-induced hyperactivities. Ketocyclazocine (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg s.c.) a putative k opioid agonist, depressed locomotor activity and produced antinociception within 2 to 4 minutes of injection; grooming behavior and catalepsy were not observed. SKF-10,047 (N-allylnor-metazocine), the prototype a receptor agonist, induced continuous sniffing, forward and backward locomotor behavior at a dose range of 2.5 to 10 mg/kg s.c. The hyperactivity induced by morphine and the sedation induced by ketazocine were both antagonized by 0.25 mg/kg s.c. of naltrexone. Twenty mg/kg s.c. of naltrexone partially but significantly diminished the intensity of locomotion induced by 10 mg/kg s.c. SKF-10,047. These data indicate that the administration of putative μ, k, and a prototype opioid receptor agonists induce separate syndromes of locomotor behavior in the rat each of which are differentially susceptible to narcotic antagonism. Thus, with respect to locomotor activity in rats, additional support for the concept of a multiplicity of opioid receptors forwarded previously (14, 15) is provided.
Pluralistic Leadership-Bringing Diverse Voices to the Table.

How can colleges and universities harness the leadership potential of the diverse individuals on campus and bring their collective wisdom and experience to bear on today's tough challenges? A recen...
Verbs in Italian morphology

Verb forms participate in each type of morphological operation found in Italian: derivation, compounding and inflection. It is not obvious, however, which form of a verb appears with each of these operations. This paper addresses the problem of the identification of the basic form(s) of a verb, as well as the issue of the selection of the appropriate base for the different morphological operations.
“Low-Hanging Fruit”: Enhancing Culinary Medicine Curricula by Building Intuitive Community Partnerships

Culinary medicine courses blend culinary arts and social science with biomedical nutrition science to increase student capacity to coach patients towards healthier eating. Our experiences suggest that building diverse community partnerships into such curricula can further broaden students’ nutritional knowledge and support professional identity formation. We describe how others involved in culinary medicine courses might integrate such intuitive partnerships into curricular development.
Forging sustainable transboundary water-sharing agreements: barriers and opportunities

Few international water-sharing agreements have shown the flexibility to adjust to extended drought; fewer still provide safeguards for adaptation to modern climate variability. Yet, current conflicts over the development and use of transboundary rivers continue to motivate the search for negotiated water-sharing arrangements that can provide flexibility in the face of change. To avoid future conflicts, an agreement must include measures that allow for adaptation to changes in water supplies, population, climate, technology, infrastructure, and economic activity while also guiding water use patterns. The benefits of a flexible agreement can be a more predictable water supply for all riparians, greater incentives to develop needed water infrastructure and more open, transparent and accountable water institutions. Other benefits include increased food production, water security, environmental protection, reduced flood damage, better adaptation to the costs of extreme weather and variable climate, and a reduced need for complex legal, administrative and enforcement activities. This paper investigates ways to achieve sustainable transboundary water-sharing agreements. It investigates barriers to forging water-sharing agreements, describes errors that could undermine settlements and presents takeaway lessons from two North American agreements and one in south Asia. Finally, the paper proposes an approach by which information on headwater flows and historical use patterns could be used to allocate supplies between riparians that adapt to changes in water supply and demand. Outcomes from the implementation of structured, but flexible agreements could help guide future negotiated settlements for the worlds international rivers.
Incorporating animation courseware into the teaching of complex database concepts: conference workshop

Teaching for conceptual understanding is challenging and for many students, commonly used teaching methodologies such as lectures and textbooks are not sufficient to aid in the learning or assimilation of abstract concepts. In many disciplines, including computer science, animations and visualizations have been touted as a means to provide additional instructional support to convey complex and dynamic topics. Through an NSF funded CCLI grant, we have developed a set of animations to support the teaching of database concepts. Current modules available cover areas such as database design, interactive SQL, stored procedures and triggers, transactions and database security. The animations were developed to complement, not substitute for, introductory database textbooks and DBMS products. The software is designed to be fairly intuitive with a low learning curve for faculty. The software is available at no cost and has been made freely available at http://adbc.kennesaw.edu.
Current limitations of neuropsychological tests and assessment procedures.

Objective: Neuropsychological tests are used for a wide variety of purposes: assessing basic cognitive abilities or disabilities; determining cognitive patterns associated with brain disorders or i...
The optical crystallographic properties of the hydrolytic products of nucleic acids: 1. The Properties of Some Purines, Pyrimidines, and Related Compounds

The optical and crystallographic properties of some salts of adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine are reported. Similar data are reported for some pyrimidines and related compounds.
Frameup: An Incriminatory Attack on Storj: A Peer to Peer Blockchain Enabled Distributed Storage System

Abstract In this work we present a primary account of frameup, an incriminatory attack made possible because of existing implementations in distributed peer to peer storage. The frameup attack shows that an adversary has the ability to store unencrypted data on the hard drives of people renting out their hard drive space. This is important to forensic examiners as it opens the door for possibly framing an innocent victim. Our work employs Storj as an example technology, due to its popularity and market size. Storj is a blockchain enabled system that allows people to rent out their hard drive space to other users around the world by employing a cryptocurrency token that is used to pay for the services rendered. It uses blockchain features like a transaction ledger, public/private key encryption, and cryptographic hash functions – but this work is not centered around blockchain. Our work discusses two frameup attacks, a preliminary and an optimized attack, both of which take advantage of Storj's implementation. Results illustrate that Storj allows a potential adversary to store incriminating unencrypted files, or parts of files that are viewable on people's systems when renting out their unused hard drive space. We offer potential solutions to mitigate our discovered attacks, a developed tool to review if a person has been a victim of a frameup attack, and a mechanism for showing that the files were stored on a hard drive without the renter's knowledge. Our hope is that this work will inspire future security and forensics research directions in the exploration of distributed peer to peer storage systems that embrace blockchain and cryptocurrency tokens.
Executive Dysfunction and Emotion Dysregulation Explain the Effects of Insomnia Symptoms on Repetitive Negative Thinking

Although research has linked insomnia symptoms to repetitive negative thinking (RNT), few studies have examined how insomnia symptoms are associated with RNT over time or specific factors that may account for this relationship. The present study addressed this gap in the literature by examining executive function and emotion regulation as mediators of the relationship between insomnia symptoms and RNT over 3 months. A final sample of 357 unselected community participants completed measures of insomnia symptoms and RNT at time 1, executive function 1 month later (time 2), emotion regulation 2 months later (time 3), and RNT again 3 months later (time 4). Results revealed that insomnia symptoms were associated with increased RNT over 3 months through an indirect effect of executive function on emotion regulation. An alternate model in which emotion regulation at time 2 and executive function at time 3 mediated the effect of insomnia symptoms on RNT was also significant; however, the effect size was relatively reduced. These findings implicate executive function and emotion regulation as factors that may explain the role of insomnia symptoms in the development of RNT observed in many psychiatric disorders.
Prognostic Characteristics of Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid: A National Cancer Database Analysis

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (ThySCC) is a rare cancer, primarily described only in case reports. We aimed to characterize the prognosis of ThySCC and compare its oncologic behavior to other thyroid malignancies. The National Cancer Database was queried to identify patients with ThySCC, papillary, tall cell variant, poorly differentiated (PDTC), and anaplastic (ATC) subtypes of thyroid cancer treated from 2004 to 2015. Demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatments were compared by tumor type and assessed to identify independent predictors of overall survival (OS). Of 123,684 patients included, 314 had ThySCC. ThySCC patients had a 5-year OS of 17.7%, more closely resembling ATC (8.3%) than PDTC or PTC. ThySCC and ATC patients had similar demographics, except ThySCC patients who were younger (68.0 vs. 70.2 years, p < 0.01). ThySCC tumors were smaller (mean 53.5 ± 45.7 vs. 69.5 ± 75.2 mm) with less frequent extrathyroidal extension (ETE) (64.0% vs. 73.8%), lymphovascular invasion (8.3% vs. 12.3%), and positive margins (22.0% vs. 28.3%) compared to ATCs (p < 0.05). ETE [HR 3.1 (95% CI 1.5–6.4), p < 0.05] and lymph node metastases [HR 2.2 (95% CI 1.2–4.0) p < 0.05] were independently associated with worse OS for ThySCC patients. Both ThySCC and ATC patients had similar surgical success rates, with R1 resection possible in 37.3% versus 35.0% of patients, respectively (p < 0.05). However, in contrast to ATC patients, adjuvant therapy was not associated with improved OS for ThySCC patients after complete resection. ThySCC has a poor prognosis, similar to ATC, but with fewer aggressive features and no apparent survival benefit with adjuvant therapy after complete macroscopic surgical resection.
On hyperbolic polynomials with four-term recurrence and linear coefficients

For any real numbers $$a,\ b$$ , and c, we form the sequence of polynomials $$\{P_n(z)\}_{n=0}^\infty$$ satisfying the four-term recurrence $$\begin{aligned} P_n(z)+azP_{n-1}(z)+bP_{n-2}(z)+czP_{n-3}(z)=0,\ n\in {\mathbb {N}}, \end{aligned}$$ with the initial conditions $$P_0(z)=1$$ and $$P_{-n}(z)=0$$ . We find necessary and sufficient conditions on $$a,\ b$$ , and c under which the zeros of $$P_n(z)$$ are real for all n, and provide an explicit real interval on which $$\bigcup \nolimits _{n=0}^\infty {\mathcal {Z}}(P_n)$$ is dense, where $${\mathcal {Z}}(P_n)$$ is the set of zeros of $$P_n(z)$$ .
The writing abilities of juvenile justice youths: A confirmatory factor analysis

To better understand the writing skills of juvenile offenders and the components of their writing abilities, this study explored extant data from six measures of adolescents’ writing skills adminis...
Characterization of a boron-loaded deuterated liquid scintillator for fast and thermal neutron detection

Abstract The preparation and characterization of novel boron-loaded deuterated liquid scintillators (BLDLS) are presented for the first time to investigate the performance of a detector sensitive to both fast and thermal neutrons intended for future neutron spectroscopy measurements. Three deuterated toluene-based scintillation cocktails were produced, one without boron, one loaded with ortho-carborane (natural boron isotopic abundance), and one with 96 wt% 10 B enriched ortho-carborane. General optical and material properties were analyzed to include the composition, density, index of refraction, photoluminescence emission spectra, and absorbance spectra in addition to the relative light yield, resolution, relative efficiency, and pulse-shape-discrimination performance for all three scintillators and a hydrogen-based EJ-309 scintillator to evaluate the effects of boron loading in comparison with a common commercially-available scintillator and feasibility for future neutron spectroscopy measurements. Finally, the detection of shielded neutron sources was explored to capitalize on the 10B thermal neutron capture reaction. The results showed loading the scintillators with boron deteriorated the PSD performance slightly compared to the unloaded deuterated scintillator and resulted in a relative light yield loss of 26% and 41% for the 10B enriched and natural boron BLDLS, respectively. Lastly, the BLDLS have a higher relative detection efficiency than the unloaded deuterated scintillator for shielded neutron sources, based on total count rate, a desirable characteristic for missions related to finding and characterizing illicitly-trafficked special nuclear material.
Alpha Male Syndrome

Chapter 1:Alpha Male Syndrome: The Good, The Bad, The Ugly Chapter 2: The Variety Of Alpha Males: The Roles They Play And The Masks They Wear Chapter 3: The Alpha Commander: The Top Dog Who Can Be A Pit Bull Chapter 4: The Alpha Visionary: The Dreamer Whose Dreams Can Be Impossible Chapter 5: The Alpha Strategist: The Analytic Genius Who Can Be A Stubborn Know-It-All Chapter 6: The Alpha Executor: The Driver Who Can Drive You Up The Wall Chapter 7: The Alpha Male Team: The Club Where Everyone Wants To Be In Charge Chapter 8: The Care And Feeding Of The Alpha Male: Achieving High-Level Health And Wellness Chapter 9: Coaching For Alphas: Making Real Changes, Making Changes Real Appendix 1: Sample Alpha Assessment Report Appendix 2: The Alpha Scale
Effects of MK-801 on acquisition, retention, and cross-modal transfer of active avoidance behavior in rats

Three experiments were conducted to examine the effects of MK-801, a noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, on acquisition, retention, and cross-modality transfer (CMT) of learning of an active avoidance response in rats. The first showed that MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg) disrupted acquisition but not retention of avoidance responding when an auditory intensity cue signaled shock. In the second experiment, the effects of MK-801 on CMT were examined by training rats to avoid shock with a visual intensity cue in the first session, then with an auditory intensity cue in two more sessions. Different groups of rats were given MK-801 (either 0.05 or 0.1 mg/kg) prior to one of the three sessions. When MK-801 was injected before visual training, the drug blocked acquisition of the avoidance task, preventing the formation of memory usable during the transfer session. When MK-801 was given before the second (transfer) session, rats did not show evidence of transfer from the previous training with the visual cue, nor did they show evidence of new learning. In the third experiment, MK-801 had no effect on avoidance behavior when it was administered immediately after training. These data suggest that NMDA receptors are involved not only in simple discrimination learning but also in neuronal processes responsible for transfer of learning between sensory modalities.
Bacterial Membrane Vesicles Mediate the Release of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lipoglycans and Lipoproteins from Infected Macrophages

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen that infects lung macrophages and releases microbial factors that regulate host defense. M. tuberculosis lipoproteins and lipoglycans block phagosome maturation, inhibit class II MHC Ag presentation, and modulate TLR2-dependent cytokine production, but the mechanisms for their release during infection are poorly defined. Furthermore, these molecules are thought to be incorporated into host membranes and released from infected macrophages within exosomes, 40-150-nm extracellular vesicles that derive from multivesicular endosomes. However, our studies revealed that extracellular vesicles released from infected macrophages include two distinct, largely nonoverlapping populations: one containing host cell markers of exosomes (CD9, CD63) and the other containing M. tuberculosis molecules (lipoglycans, lipoproteins). These vesicle populations are similar in size but have distinct densities, as determined by separation on sucrose gradients. Release of lipoglycans and lipoproteins from infected macrophages was dependent on bacterial viability, implicating active bacterial mechanisms in their secretion. Consistent with recent reports of extracellular vesicle production by bacteria (including M. tuberculosis), we propose that bacterial membrane vesicles are secreted by M. tuberculosis within infected macrophages and subsequently are released into the extracellular environment. Furthermore, extracellular vesicles released from M. tuberculosis-infected cells activate TLR2 and induce cytokine responses by uninfected macrophages. We demonstrate that these activities derive from the bacterial membrane vesicles rather than exosomes. Our findings suggest that bacterial membrane vesicles are the primary means by which M. tuberculosis exports lipoglycans and lipoproteins to impair effector functions of infected macrophages and circulate bacterial components beyond the site of infection to regulate immune responses by uninfected cells.
Developing a vision for the library

Purpose – This article's purpose is to show how to develop and maintain a shared vision for library services among a library staff. Design/methodology/approach – The article shows what a shared vision is, then how to develop it. Findings – The article finds that a sense of ownership in the organization and relationships are keys in building a shared vision. Practical implications – A shared vision guides the development and offering of effective library services. Originality/value – The value of the article is in learning what goes in to vision building and how to do it.
The Origin and Distribution of Methane in Marine Sediments

Methane has been detected in several cores of rapidly deposited (> 50 m/my) deep sea sediments. Other gases, such as carbon dioxide and ethane, are commonly present but only in minor and trace amounts, respectively. The methane originates predominantly from bacterial reduction of CO2, as indicated by complimentary changes with depth in the amount and isotopic composition of redox-linked pore water constituents: sulfate-bicarbonate and bicarbonate-methane.
Studies on polynucleotides. 73. Synthesis in vitro of polypeptides containing repeating tetrapeptide sequences dependent upon DNA-like polymers containing repeating tetranucleotide sequences: direction of reading of messenger RNA.

Abstract The double-stranded DNA-like polymers, poly d-TATC:GATA ‡ and poly d-TTAC:GTAA, which contain in each strand repeating tetranucleotide sequences indicated by the nucleotide initials, have been used as templates for DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. By providing in the reaction mixture the three ribonucleoside triphosphates necessary for the transcription of only one of the two strands, the following four single-stranded ribopolynucleotides have been prepared: poly r-UAUC, poly r-GAUA, poly r-UUAC and poly r-GUAA. All of the ribopolynucleotides were shown to contain repeating tetranucleotide sequences by nearest-neighbor frequency analysis. In the cell-free amino acid-incorporating system from Escherichia coli B, poly r-UAUC and poly r-UUAC, each directed the incorporation of only four and three amino acids respectively. As expected from the three-letter, non-overlapping code, the polypeptidic product formed by poly r-UAUC was shown to have the repeating tetrapeptide sequence, Tyr-Leu-Ser-Ile, whereas the polypeptidic product from poly r-UUAC had the repeating tetrapeptide sequence, Leu-Leu-Thr-Tyr. With poly r-GUAA and r-GAUA as messengers, no acid-insoluble polypeptides were formed. The present results provide (1) further independent proof of the direction of reading of the messenger RNA and (2) confirmation of a total of ten codon assignments, including the nonsense triplets UAA and UAG, in the strain B of E. coli
Effect of supplementation frequency and supplemental urea level on dormant tallgrass-prairie hay intake and digestion by beef steers and prepartum performance of beef cows grazing dormant tallgrass-prairie.

Effect of supplementation frequency and supplemental urea level on forage use (Exp. 1) and performance (Exp. 2 and 3) of beef cattle consuming low-quality tallgrass-prairie were evaluated. For Exp. 1 and 2, a 2 x 2 factorial treatment structure was used, such that two supplements (30% CP) containing 0 or 30% of supplemental degradable intake protein (DIP) from urea were fed daily or on alternate days. In Exp. 1 and 2, supplement was fed at 0.41% BW daily or at 0.83% BW (DM basis) on alternate days. For Exp. 3, a 2 x 4 factorial treatment structure was used, such that four supplements (40% CP) containing 0, 15, 30, or 45% of supplemental DIP from urea were fed daily or 3 d/wk. Supplements were group-fed at 0.32% BW daily or at 0.73% BW (DM basis) 3 d/wk. In Exp. 1, 16 Angus x Hereford steers (initial BW = 252 kg) were blocked by BW and assigned to treatment. Urea level x supplementation frequency interactions were not evident for forage intake, digestion, or rate of passage. Forage OM intake (OMI) and total digestible OMI (TDOMI) were not significantly affected by treatment. Total-tract digestion of OM (P = 0.03) and NDF (P = 0.06) were greater for steers supplemented daily. In Exp. 2, 48 Angus x Hereford cows (initial BW = 490 kg) grazing winter tallgrass prairie were used. Significant frequency x urea interactions were not evident for BW and body condition (BC) change; similarly, the main effects were not substantive for these variables. In Exp. 3, 160 Angus x Hereford cows (initial BW = 525 kg) grazing dormant, tallgrass prairie were used. Supplement refusal occurred for cows fed the highest urea levels, particularly for cows fed the supplement with 45% of the DIP from urea 3 d/wk, and supplement refusal increased closer to calving. A frequency x urea interaction (P = 0.02) was observed for prepartum BW changes. As supplemental urea level increased, prepartum BW loss increased quadratically (P = 0.02); however, a greater magnitude of loss occurred when feeding supplements containing > or = 30% of DIP from urea 3 d/ wk. Cumulative BC change followed a similar trend. In conclusion, moderate protein ( 30% CP) supplements with significant urea levels (> 15% of DIP from urea) may result in decreased performance compared with lower urea levels.
History of Corporate Responsibility

The concept of corporate responsibility runs throughout the history of capitalism. For more than two centuries, nations have tried to reconcile two realities of capitalism: corporations are very efficient mechanisms for producing wealth, meeting consumer needs, and building industries. Yet, corporations often impose costly negative externalities on stakeholders – employees, communities, society. Society rightfully expects that successful corporations will abide by the rule of law and help meet the expectations and needs of the community. Voluntary action, such as philanthropy, is part of the social contract that imposes responsibility on businesses for more than their narrow economic results. Keywords: corporate responsibility; social responsibility; philanthropy; business ethics; stakeholders; public square; regulation
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Inhibits Macrophage Responses to IFN-γ through Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms

Mycobacterium tuberculosis overcomes macrophage bactericidal activities and persists intracellularly. One mechanism by which M. tuberculosis avoids macrophage killing might be through inhibition of IFN-γ-mediated signaling. In this study we provide evidence that at least two distinct components of M. tuberculosis , the 19-kDa lipoprotein and cell wall peptidoglycan (contained in the mycolylarabinogalactan peptidoglycan (mAGP) complex), inhibit macrophage responses to IFN-γ at a transcriptional level. Moreover, these components engage distinct proximal signaling pathways to inhibit responses to IFN-γ: the 19-kDa lipoprotein inhibits IFN-γ signaling in a Toll-like receptor (TLR)2-dependent and myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent fashion whereas mAGP inhibits independently of TLR2, TLR4, and myeloid differentiation factor 88. In addition to inhibiting the induction of specific IFN-γ responsive genes, the 19-kDa lipoprotein and mAGP inhibit the ability of IFN-γ to activate murine macrophages to kill virulent M. tuberculosis without inhibiting production of NO. These results imply that inhibition of macrophage responses to IFN-γ may contribute to the inability of an apparently effective immune response to eradicate M. tuberculosis .
Observations on instabilities of cavitating inducers

Hydraulic systems involving cavitating turbomachines are known to be susceptible to instabilities at certain critical operating conditions. Two distinct classes of cavitating inducer instabilities have been reported in the literature (Refs. 1-6). The purpose of this note is to report on some preliminary observations of these phenomena. The experiments were performed in the Dynamic Pump Test Facility (DPTF) at the California Institute of Technology (Refs. 7, 8). Results will be presented for two different inducers operating at different flow coefficients, [symbol] ([symbol]= mean axial velocity/inducer tip velocity- [equation]) and cavitation numbers, [symbol] ([symbol]=[equation]; where [equation] are the inlet and vapor pressures, and [symbol] is the liquid density). In general, the instabilities occurred just before the head breakdown. After head breakdown, the system tended to become stable again, although there were some indications of a second region of instability at very small cavitation numbers. Impeller IV is a quarter scale model of the Low Pressure Oxidizer Turbo-Pump (LPOTP) of the space shuttle main engine (Refs. 7, 8). The cavitation performance of this impeller is presented in Figure 1. Some of the mean operating states for which large, constant amplitude oscillations occurred in all the pressures and mass flow rates are indicated by stars. The cavitation in each of the blade passages oscillated in unison. This unstable behavior is termed auto-oscillation. The frequency of the auto-oscillations ranged from 28 to 35 Hz. As might be expected, there does exist a marginal region of operation for which the auto-oscillations have a time varying amplitude. These non-steady oscillations occurred as sporadic bursts of auto-oscillation. It was this feature that makes the boundaries of the auto-oscillation region difficult to define. In addition to the auto-oscillation observations on Impeller IV, two instances of "rotating cavitation" were observed and are labeled by boxes in Figure 1. The presence of rotating cavitation was determined by means of a stroboscope slaved to the rotational speed of the inducer. Rotating cavitation appeared as a non-stationary cavitation patterns which rotated with respect to the "fixed" inducer. (More recent testing has also revealed the existence of a stationary form of rotating cavitation sometime referred to as alternate blade cavitation.) The large amplitude disturbances in the upstream pressure and mass flow rates which characterized auto-oscillation were not observed during rotating cavitation. This suggests the rotating cavitation is most intimately associated with the dynamic characteristics of the cavitating inducer itself irrespective of the hydraulic system in which it resides.
Effects of melatonin on 2-deoxy-[1-14C]glucose uptake within rat suprachiasmatic nucleus

Previously, we have demonstrated that metabolic activity, shown by autoradiographic determination of 2-deoxy-[1-14C]glucose (2-DG) uptake, within the rat hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) was inhibited by subcutaneous injection of 1 mg/kg melatonin. To determine whether this effect was specific to a particular time of day, the effects of melatonin on 2-DG uptake were studied in several hypothalamic areas, including the SCN, supraoptic nuclei (SON), lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), and anterior hypothalamic area (AHA) every 4 h throughout the circadian day. In a second experiment, the effects of different melatonin doses were studied at the time of day at which melatonin had its maximal effect to determine the dose-response relationship of melatonin-induced inhibition of SCN 2-DG uptake. The data indicate that melatonin inhibited 2-DG uptake in the SCN alone at one time of day, primarily at circadian time (CT) 6 and CT10, 2-6 h before subjective dusk, and secondarily at CT22, just before subjective dawn. This effect was dose dependent with a 50% effective dose of 1.49 +/- 2.30 micrograms/kg. The temporal and dose-response characteristics of these effects are similar to those characterizing the entraining effects of melatonin on circadian patterns of locomotion and drinking.
Internal tremor in Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and essential tremor.

Abstract Objective Internal tremor (IT) is a poorly recognized symptom that has been described in Parkinson's disease (PD). Described as a feeling of tremor in the extremities or trunk without actual movement, ITs are not debilitating but can be bothersome to patients. The origin of the sensation is unknown., and ITs may be prevalent in other diseases than PD. The present study sought to expand knowledge about IT by confirming their presence in PD, and determining their prevalence in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Essential Tremor (ET). Methods A survey was developed in order to determine the prevalence of IT in PD, MS, and ET and to learn what associations with various disease characteristics were present. The survey was administered to 89 consecutive PD, 70 MS, and 11 ET patients. Results ITs were found to be a prevalent symptom in all three disorders (32.6% of PD, 35.9% of MS, and 54.5% of ET subjects reported experiencing ITs). ITs were found to be associated both with the subjects' perceived levels of anxiety and the presence of visible tremors. Conclusion ITs appear to be a common symptom in all three disorders studied. These results need to be confirmed and compared to appropriate control populations.
Chemical stimulation of cardiac receptors attenuates locomotion in mesencephalic cats

Pickar, Joel G. Chemical stimulation of cardiac receptors attenuates locomotion in mesencephalic cats.J. Appl. Physiol. 83(1): 113–119, 1997.—The purpose of the present investigation was to determi...
Outcomes for balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty in adults: comparison with a concurrent pediatric cohort.

Objectives To compare procedural outcomes of transcatheter balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (BPV) in adults to a concurrent pediatric cohort and to identify whether BPV leads to improvement in symptoms among adults. Background BPV has long been utilized to relieve right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction in neonates and young children. More recently, BPV has been performed in adults, but outcome data are limited in this population. Methods We reviewed all cases of BPV performed at Mayo Clinic's Congenital Cardiac Cath Lab from December 1993 to July 2012. Patients were excluded if they had additional congenital heart defects, other than simple left-to-right shunt lesions. Results 89 children and 40 adults underwent 132 BPV procedures. Among the adults, 78% were symptomatic at the time of BPV. The most common symptoms were dyspnea and fatigue. RVOT systolic gradient was 42 ± 19 mmHg (children) and 54 ± 26 mmHg (adults) prior to BPV (P = 0.002). Adults experienced a greater reduction in gradient following BPV (32 ± 21 mmHg vs. 23 ± 19 mmHg; P = 0.007). No patients exhibited “suicide right ventricle” physiology after BPV. Among adults, mean follow-up was 1.9 years (30 days–11 years). Symptoms improved in 20 of the 24 previously symptomatic adults for whom follow-up data were available. Mean NYHA score improved from 2.2 to 1.4 following BPV. At last follow-up, 52% of adults were free of any symptoms, a significant improvement from pre-BPV (P = 0.0003). Only one patient described worsening of symptoms after BPV. Conclusions BPV is an effective procedure for symptomatic adults with pulmonary valve stenosis. In addition to immediate relief of RVOT gradient, adult patients may experience symptomatic improvement following BPV.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
4‐Thiazolylmethoxyureas as potential anticancer agents

Preparation of a series of substituted 4-thiazolylmethoxyureas and 4-thiazolylmethoxythioureas is described. These compounds, which are structurally related to the antitumor agent hydroxyurea, were essentially inactive when screened against the L-1210 lymphoid leukemia test system. One compound, 4-thiazolylmethoxyurea, showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenin-induced rat paw edema test.
Financial capacity and sustainability of ordinary nonprofits

This article divides financial issues into capacity and sustainability in two time frames: long and short. Long term emphasizes maintaining services; short term emphasizes resiliency. An organization's long-term financial capacity is sustainable if its rate of change is sufficient to maintain assets at their replacement cost. A key contribution of this study is a sustainability principle that gives managers short-term budget surplus targets needed to achieve this objective. The formulas are applied to national data to give a picture of the sector and establish benchmarks for “normal” practice. “Ordinary nonprofits” are active public charities without endowments that are not primarily membership associations or grant makers.
Surgical management of colorectal cancer: A review of the literature.

Background Colon cancer management continues to evolve with significant advances in chemotherapy, surgical technique and palliative interventions. As the options of therapy have improved, so have the challenges of management of primary colon cancer.
Efficient Model-Based Estimation of Atmospheric Transmittance and Ocean Wind Direction from WindSat Polarimetric Microwave Radiometer Data

An efficient method for estimating atmospheric transmittance is presented for WindSat polarimetric microwave radiometer data. The method is dependent on an approximation that is valid for earth incidence angles near 53deg. By combining the estimated atmospheric transmittances at different frequencies, the water vapor and cloud liquid water can be retrieved. The method can also be used for making atmospheric corrections in order to improve wind vector estimates from WindSat data.
Human Aspects of Planning Shopping Centers

After a brief outline of the macro- and micro-model approaches to shopping, a perception and spatial behavior model is selected as a framework for the research study. The study aims to identify the variables constituting the mental image of a consumer's shopping environment and which of these variables are considered important in spatial choice. Statistically significant differences in the preferences of shoppers are found based on the type of township the shopper lives in, the purpose of the shopping trip, and the shopper's income group. Patterns of variation on consumer attitudes as to the perceived importance of various attributes are also established. The implications of the findings for the planning of shopping centers include the noting of the complexity of consumers' images of their shopping environment, and the relatively small part that variables which can be manipulated by planners play in consumer spatial choice.
Closure to “Liquefaction Susceptibility Criteria for Silts and Clays” by Ross W. Boulanger and I. M. Idriss

The authors’ study provides valuable insight into the stress-strain behavior of fine-grained soils silts and clays under monotonic and cyclic undrained loading. The distinct behavioral features of sands versus clays under the aforementioned types of loading are first identified with regard to the shape of the hysteresis loops, the value of excess pore-water pressure ratio, and the magnitude of developed strains. Then, a classification of fine-grained soils into two classes of materials is proposed, namely, “sand-like” materials that are susceptible to liquefaction in the classical meaning of the term , and “clay-like” materials that are susceptible to cyclic softening. In addition, the authors emphasize the critical importance of using the appropriate procedure for evaluating the cyclic strength for each class of material. Following the establishment of the above framework, the authors review a database of test results compiled from the literature and found that the plasticity index, PI, of fines is the single most important parameter for distinguishing between the two types of behavior. They propose the use of a limit value of PI 7 as follows: 1. for PI 7, the material is susceptible to liquefaction i.e., exhibits “sand-like” behavior and its liquefaction resistance should be evaluated using the available procedures for sands; 2. for PI 7, the soil behaves as a ‘clay-like’ material and its behavior should be analyzed using the procedures available for evaluating the cyclic strength of cohesive soils. A transition zone of plasticity index from 3 to 8 is proposed by the authors, who also suggest discontinuing the use of the Chinese criteria of liquefaction susceptibility. Finally, the authors discuss the applicability of the liquefaction criterion proposed in the paper to soils containing less than 50% fines coarse-grained materials . They argue that as long as the amount of fines is greater than a threshold value, FCthr which is the limit above which the fine grains constitute the loading-carrying matrix of soil , their criterion could be extended to fines content FC 50%. The discussers have recently presented results of cyclic triaxial tests on saturated mixtures of sand with different amounts of nonplastic silt Xenaki and Athanasopoulos 2003 . The tests were conducted to investigate the effect of fines content on the liquefaction resistance of sand-silt mixtures. In view of the authors’ study and other recently published data, the discussers would like to present some related data not included in their previous publication and compare them to the findings reported in the paper.
Characteristics of the stacked microstructured solid state neutron detector

Silicon diodes with large aspect ratio perforated microstructures backfilled with 6LiF show a dramatic increase in neutron detection efficiency beyond that of conventional thin-film coated planar devices. Described in this work are advancements in the technology with increased microstructure depths and detector stacking methods that work to increase thermal-neutron detection efficiency. Models for ion energy deposition and intrinsic thermal-neutron detection efficiency for the straight trench design are described and results presented. A dual stacked device was fabricated by coupling two detectors back-to-back, along with counting electronics, into a single detector. Experimentally verified results and modeled predictions are compared. The stacked device delivered 37% intrinsic thermal-neutron detection efficiency, lower than the predicted value of 47%. It was determined that this lower observed efficiency is due to detector misalignment in the stacked structure and ballistic deficit from slow charge collection from the deep trench structures. The intrinsic thermal-neutron detection efficiency depends strongly upon the geometry, size, and depth of the perforated microstructures. This work is part of on-going research to develop solid-state semiconductor neutron detectors with high detection efficiencies.
Optical crossbar interconnections using variable grating mode devices

In this paper we propose a system design for an optical crossbar interconnection network utilizing variable grating mode liquid crystal devices (VGM LCDs) which are optical transducers capable of performing intensity-to-spatial-frequency conversion. The proposed system performs real-time, reconfigurable, and nonblocking, but nonbroadcasting, optical crossbar interconnections. The fundamental limitations and the performance of the system are discussed.
Classification of linear viscoelastic solids based on a failure criterion

An isotropic, incompressible linear viscoelastic solid subjected to a step shear displacement fails if the relaxation function G(s) is such that 0<G(0)<∞ and −∞<G′(0)≤0. In this case, the discontinuity in displacement propagates into the interior of the body. The discontinuity will not propagate however if G(0)=∞ or G′(0)=−∞. In the former case there is a diffusion-like smoothening of discontinuous data characteristic of parabolic equations. The case G(0)=∞ may be achieved by composing the kernel as a sum of a smooth kernel and a delta function at the origin times a viscosity coefficient. If the viscosity is small, the smoothing will take place in a propagating layer which scales with the small viscosity. The case of G′(0)=−∞ is interesting in the sense that the solution is C ∞ smooth but the boundary of the support of the solution propagates at a constant wave spped. If 0<G(0)<∞ and −∞<G′(0)<0, then the material accomodates stress waves under step traction leading to an elastic steady state.
Nanosecond time-resolved multiprobe imaging of laser damage in transparent solids

We report the nanosecond time-scale and micron length-scale dynamics of elastic wave, plastic deformation, melt-front and crack propagation during laser-induced damage in the bulk of an optically transparent crystalline solid. Time-delayed probe pulses with wavelengths corresponding to RGB-color filters are used to obtain multiple images during a single damage event. This technique enables “real-time” dynamical studies of complex transient phenomena.
Nucleon knockout experiments and configuration mixing in nuclei

The importance of nucleon knockout experiments for a deeper understanding of nucleon properties in the nuclear medium is clarified. Results of (e, e'p) experiments yield a clear picture of the importance of configuration mixing at all energy scales. A comparison of experimental data with Green's function calculations indicates that a quantitative understanding of the properties of protons in the nuclear ground state is within reach. The latter feature makes nuclear physics the first branch of physics where such an understanding of the in-medium properties of strongly interacting constituents has been accomplished.
Application of wave migration to borehole vertical electric source EM data

The wave extrapolation and migration method commonly used in the analysis of seismic data is extended to migrating electromagnetic (EM) waves within the audio frequency range. The method is then applied to migrating surface, secondary magnetic fields produced by a borehole, vertical electric source (VES). The approach used here is to Fourier transform the surface magnetic field data along a line of data stations to the horizontal wave vector domain. These fields are then propagated downward in fixed steps until the image condition is satisfied. The image condition is at time t=O the magnetic wave field is in phase and the imaginary part is zero. Once the image is determined in the horizontal wave vector domain, the results are Fourier transformed back into realspace to form the image. The surface magnetic fields produced by a VES are created by the portion of the geoelectric section which is not axially symmetric about the VES. Here two approaches for the z-component of the wave vector were examined: (1) the exact complex EM wave vector was used, and (2) a seismic analogue was used where the EM phase velocity was substituted for the seismic velocity. The use of the seismic analogue appears to image the model target better than the more exact EM wave vector. This points out that it is primarily the phase which produces the image. The wave extrapolation and migration method is applied to experimental surface magnetic field data acquired to map a shallow salt water injection.
Collaboration in a culturally responsive literacy pedagogy: educating teachers and Latino children

This article is an analysis of collaboration in a community center’s summer literacy tutoring program for 6–8 year old children, the majority of whom were Puerto Rican, Spanish–English bilinguals. The goal of the program was to increase the children’s motivation to read through engaging literacy activities with high quality, culturally relevant children’s literature. Reflecting a sociocultural perspective, the activities built on the children’s experiences at home with literacy as a collaborative practice. The program as a whole provided for multiple levels of collaboration among the participating adults and between the children and tutors, university students in a teacher preparation program. The focus of the article is on the ways the tutors collaborated and the benefits and challenges of that process. Implications for teacher education are shared, emphasizing the need for explicitly including collaboration as one important element of a literacy pedagogy for teachers of linguistically and culturally diverse children.
Phase space model for He+ + N2 reactions: Consideration of dispersion and short range forces

Statistical phase space cross sections for helium ion-nitrogen molecule reactions, including dispersion and short range forces in intramolecular potential energy function