cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Allograft anterior tibialis tendon with bioabsorbable interference screw fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

For a variety of reasons, bone-patellar tendon-bone and Achilles tendon allografts have been used more commonly in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Soft-tissue allografts used mainly are the semitendinosus, gracilis, and occasionally the quadriceps tendons. The anterior tibialis tendon is a thick, strong tendon that can be prepared with one doubling of the graft, has a large cross-sectional area, and has been shown to be stronger than semitendinosus, gracilis, patellar tendon, and native anterior cruciate ligament. Use of allograft shortens surgical time, eliminates graft harvest-site morbidity, and allows for a large supply of grafts for repeat or multiple ligament procedures. This graft can be fixed to the femoral and tibial bone tunnels with bioabsorbable interference screws for a hardware-free, completely endoscopic procedure. Two- to 4-year results of allograft procedures are comparable to autograft procedures, and there have been no early failures with this described technique using anterior tibialis tendon.
Relationships between stigma, depression, and treatment in white and African American primary care patients

Although many depressed patients are treated in primary care, depression in these settings has been underdetected and undertreated, which may be influenced by mental health beliefs such as stigma. This study examined the relationships among depression, mental health stigma, and treatment in African American and white primary care patients. Data were collected at 3 primary care settings from 1103 patients who completed surveys measuring depression, stigma, and treatment use. Overall, African American patients reported greater mental health stigma than whites. African American women reported greater stigma than white women. White patients were found to be more likely to use depression treatment than African American patients. Multivariate analyses showed that greater depression severity fully mediated the relationship between stigma and treatment use, and that patients with the highest depression scores had significantly higher stigma scores as well. These results suggest that greater severity of depressive symptoms may override stigma and other beliefs about mental health in determining treatment use, but may be important to address for patients with more moderate levels of symptomatology.
Pressure-tuned point-contact spectroscopy of URu 2 Si 2 from hidden order to antiferromagnetic states: Similarity of the Fermi surface gapping

We report soft point-contact spectroscopy studies of URu${}_{2}$Si${}_{2}$ both in the hidder order (HO) and the large-moment antiferromagnetic (LMAF) states accessed by pressure. In the HO state at ambient pressure, the spectroscopy shows two asymmetric peaks around the Fermi energy that emerge below the hidden order temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{HO}}$. In the LMAF state at higher pressures, the spectra are remarkably similar to those in the HO state, indicating a similar Fermi-surface gapping in the HO and LMAF states and providing a clue to unraveling the puzzling HO state.
Possible Modern Analogs for Rocks of the Franciscan Complex, Mount Oso Area, California

The Deep Sea Drilling Project has sampled sedimentary sections from a wide variety of tectonic settings. Of those sampled, sections from the abyssal ocean floor combined with inferred sections from the oceanic trenches provide the best stratigraphic analogs for chert-graywacke, volcanic rock–chert–graywacke, and olistostrome-bearing sequences in the Franciscan Complex of the Mount Oso area, California.
Validity of a ‘proxy’ for the deficit syndrome derived from the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)

Schizophrenia patients with the deficit syndrome (DS) may represent a homogeneous subgroup. To increase the practicability of diagnosing the DS, Kirkpatrick et al. [Kirkpatrick, B., Buchanan, RW., Breier, A. Carpenter, WT., 1993. Case identification and stability of the deficit syndrome of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 47, 47-56.] proposed the use of a 'proxy' case identification tool using standardized symptom ratings instead of the Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome (SDS) which requires an independent clinical assessment. The Proxy for the Deficit Syndrome (PDS) is based on the extraction of symptoms that are essentially equivalent or overlap substantially with the restricted affect and diminished emotional range on the SDS. Kirkpatrick et al. [Kirkpatrick, B., Buchanan, RW., Breier, A. Carpenter, WT., 1993. Case identification and stability of the deficit syndrome of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 47, 47-56.] reported good sensitivity and specificity in a comparison of SDS and PDS assessments among 100 chronic schizophrenia outpatients. The present investigation involves the comparison of the deficit syndrome as assessed by the "gold standard" Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome with the ratings of the same symptoms embodied in the "proxy instrument" the PANSS, within the same group of 156 inpatients. Forty-four patients were assessed by the SDS to have the deficit syndrome. Patients with and without the DS, as defined by the SDS, did not differ for age, education, age at illness onset and duration of illness. The two main 'proxy' measures PDS1 and PDS2 discriminated across the SDS groups. The direct dichotomous comparison of the actual SDS and the 'proxy' derived PDS groups demonstrated good specificity (78.6% and 79.5%) and moderate to very good sensitivity (61.4% and 86.4%) and there was a moderately low rate of false positive cases (21.4% and 20.5%). For the two main 'proxy' measures (PDS1 and PDS2) kappas were .38 and .59, representing poor to good agreement. In our sample of rigorously diagnosed schizophrenia inpatients, the use of a 'proxy' case identification tool for the deficit syndrome would appear to be a viable alternative in identifying a subgroup of schizophrenia patients with the deficit syndrome when the use of the actual SDS is not feasible. Further study is indicated before the PDS as extracted from the PANSS can be used in lieu of the SDS for identifying patients with this syndrome.
Roles of p63 in the diethylstilbestrol-induced cervicovaginal adenosis.

Women exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero develop abnormalities, including cervicovaginal adenosis that can lead to cancer. We report that transient disruption of developmental signals by DES permanently changes expression of p63, thereby altering the developmental fate of Mullerian duct epithelium. The cell fate of Mullerian epithelium to be columnar (uterine) or squamous (cervicovaginal) is determined by mesenchymal induction during the perinatal period. Cervicovaginal mesenchyme induced p63 in Mullerian duct epithelium and subsequent squamous differentiation. In p63–/– mice, cervicovaginal epithelium differentiated into uterine epithelium. Thus, p63 is an identity switch for Mullerian duct epithelium to be cervicovaginal versus uterine. P63 was also essential for uterine squamous metaplasia induced by DES-exposure. DES-exposure from postnatal day 1 to 5 inhibited induction of p63 in cervicovaginal epithelium via epithelial ERα. The inhibitory effect of DES was transient, and most cervicovaginal epithelial cells recovered expression of p63 by 2 days after discontinuation of DES-treatment. However, some cervicovaginal epithelial cells failed to express p63, remained columnar and persisted into adulthood as adenosis.
From single site to societal belief: the impact of pediatric oncology nursing research.

This review describes the evolution of pediatric oncology nursing research over the past 25 years. It highlights practice-changing contributions from single-site studies and from multisite trials and discusses strategies for interdisciplinary collaboration. Technological advances that will alter the way in which studies are conducted and findings are disseminated will influence the future of nursing research. Studies implemented by pediatric nurse researchers will continue to influence practice and change how we, and others, view the experience of childhood cancer.
A probabilistic approach for examining aircraft concept feasibility and viability

Abstract A novel approach to assessing aircraft system feasibility and viability is presented, with special emphasis on modeling and estimating the impact of new technologies. The approach is an integral part of an overall stochastic, life-cycle design process under development by the authors, which is to address the new measure for system value: affordability . Stochastic methods are proposed since the design process is immersed in ambiguity and uncertainty, both of which vary with time as knowledge increases about the system behavior. The specific task addressed in this paper of examining system feasibility and viability is encapsulated in the five steps of the Concept Feasibility Assessment approach. The rationale and technical foundations of each step are explained, and the approach is compared to more traditional, deterministic means for examining a design space and evaluating technology impacts. Finally, the techniques are implemented on a supersonic transport design problem to highlight the power of the approach on a problem of significant interest to the international aerospace community. Several innovative avenues for viewing the design and technology spaces are employed in assessing first feasibility and then viability for the problem.
Invariance principles for partial sum processes and empirical processes indexed by sets

Let |xj,j∈ℕq} be independent identically formed random elements with values in a Banach spaceB, indexed byq-tuples of positive integers. We obtain the almost sure approximation as well as the approximation in probability of the partial sum process\(\{ \sum\limits_{j \in nA} {x_j ,A \in A\} } \) by a partial sum process\(\{ \sum\limits_{j \in nA} {y_j ,A \in A\} } \) asn→∞ uniformly over all setsA in a certain class\(A\) of subsets of theq-dimensional unit cube. Here |yj,j∈ℕq} are independent identically distributed Gaussian random variables. These results are then applied to obtain the approximation of empirical processes over sets and indexed by sets by Gaussian partial sum processes indexed by sets.
A New Algorithm for Low-Frequency Climate Response

Abstract The low-frequency response to changes in external forcing for the climate system is a fundamental issue. In two recent papers the authors developed a new blended response algorithm for predicting the response of a nonlinear chaotic forced-dissipative system to small changes in external forcing. This new algorithm is based on the fluctuation–dissipation theorem and combines the geometrically exact general response formula using integration of a linear tangent model at short response times and the classical quasi-Gaussian response algorithm at longer response times. This algorithm overcomes the inherent numerical instability in the geometric formula arising because of positive Lyapunov exponents at longer times while removing potentially large systematic errors from the classical quasi-Gaussian approximation at moderate times. Here the new blended method is tested on the low-frequency response for a T21 barotropic truncation on the sphere with realistic topography in two dynamical regimes correspon...
Protecting hospital patients from passive smoking.

Ample evidence exists showing the dangers of tobacco smoking for smokers as well as non-smokers exposed to passive smoking (Aronow, 1978; Aronow, Ferlinz, & Glauser, 1977; Russell, Cole, & Brown, 1973). Despite the hazards of tobacco smoking to smokers and non-smokers, little effort has been directed to controlling smoking in hospital settings. In the Fall of 1978, smoking and no-smoking'signs were placed throughout the first floor outpatient clinic area of the New Orleans Veterans Administration Medical Center designating smoking and no smoking areas. The net result of this signage program was the significant reduction in the amount of passive smoking to which non-smoking patients were exposed. Compliance with the posted no-smoking signs is fairly good by the majority of patients who do not smoke in no-smoking areas. Anecdotal information from patients being seen for counseling about smoking cessation indicates that the environmental manipulation of limiting tobacco smoking in the medical center is a positive factor in increasing the desire to stop smoking. The eventual goal is for the entire hospital to be a no-smoking area with designated smoking areas accessible to all patients and employees. Hospitals have a moral, ethical, and legal responsibility to protect their patients from controllable hazards such as tobacco smoke. The experience at the New Orleans VA Medical Center indicates chat a comprehensive program of signs designating smoking and no-smoking areas is a feasible procedure for hlfilling this responsibility.
TEC-family kinases: regulators of T-helper-cell differentiation

The TEC-family protein tyrosine kinases ITK, RLK and TEC have been identified as key components of T-cell-receptor signalling that contribute to the regulation of phospholipase C-gamma, the mobilization of Ca(2+) and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Recent data also show that TEC kinases contribute to T-cell-receptor-driven actin reorganization and cell polarization, which are required for productive T-cell activation. Functional studies have implicated TEC kinases as important mediators of pathways that control the differentiation of CD4(+) T helper cells. Here, we review studies of signalling pathways that involve TEC kinases and how these pathways might contribute to the regulation of T-helper-cell differentiation and function.
Ion beam radiation damage effects in rutile (TiO2)

Abstract Radiation damage accumulation in the rutile phase of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) have been studied by Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy in channeling geometry (RBS/c) and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A large temperature dependence of damage accumulation in rutile was observed. Defect accumulation determined in situ by RBS/c occurs far more rapidly in samples irradiated at 160 K compared to 300 K. A rutile single crystal irradiated at 160 K was rendered fully amorphous at a fluence of 4 × 10 18 Xe 2+ /m 2 , compared to a critical amorphization fluence of 8 × 10 19 Xe 2+ /m 2 for a crystal irradiated at 300 K. In samples irradiated at 300 K a defect denuded zone at the crystal surface was observed to accompany a buried damage layer. In samples irradiated at 160 K, no defect denuded zone was observed. These observations indicate that there is a large temperature dependence associated with thermally activated point defect mobility in rutile. Moreover, in in situ irradiation experiments using 1.5 MeV Xe + ions, a critical amorphization temperature of 200 K was observed. The rutile structure is much more susceptible to radiation damage induced by point defect accumulation, compared to dense collision cascades. In the experiments presented here, only the He + ion irradiation leads to complete amorphization, combined with substantial changes in the micro-hardness and elastic (Young's) modulus.
Learning from Collegiate Athletes who have Recovered from Eating Disorders: Advice to Coaches, Parents, and Other Athletes with Eating Disorders

The objective of this study was to elicit advice from female collegiate athletes who achieved recovery from an eating disorder for coaches, parents, and other athletes with eating disorders. Participants were 16 female collegiate athletes who had experienced eating disorders. Data was obtained through structured interview questions. Advice for coaches included confronting athletes with a suspected eating disorder and receiving education about nutrition and eating disorders. Advice for parents included providing emotional support while trusting the athlete to make her own decisions. Advice to other athletes included maintaining hope that full recovery is possible and identifying triggers for the disorder.
Relative Efficiencies of ‘O-BLUE’ Estimators in Simple Linear Regression

Abstract This article is concerned with the estimators of the parameters of the linear model . The estimation procedure consists of using the Best Linear Unbiased Estimation method applied to ordered samples. These are denoted as “O-BLUE” estimators. The exact efficiences of such linear estimators based on censored samples relative to those based upon complete samples are given for some symmetric distributions as well as some scale contaminated distributions. Further, some percentage relative efficiencies of the estimators are given when normal assumptions are made, but do not hold due to specific scale contamination.
Simulated Travel and Place Location Learning in a Computer Adventure Game

As numerous surveys attest, place location learning among American school children is inadequate using traditional instructional methods centered on passive map study. This study examined the use of a computerized adventure game to simulate an environmental exploration for fourth and fifth graders. The computer game involved a “treasure hunt”-type search, under subject control, through a simulated environment of thirty “places.” Subjects (N = 120) played individually for forty minutes, while using one of four variations of maps: thirty subjects were given a map with each location named and graphically represented; thirty were given a map with names only; thirty with pictures only and thirty had to play the game without the aid of a map. Subjects were tested for recall of place locations. The main variables examined were type of accompanying map and subject gender. Results showed statistically significant differences among the kinds of maps used. No significant gender differences were found. Subjects in al...
Stability of quantized vortices in a Bose-Einstein condensate confined in an optical lattice

We investigate the existence and especially the linear stability of single- and multiple-charge quantized vortex states of nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations in the presence of a periodic and a parabolic potential in two spatial dimensions. The study is motivated by an examination of pancake-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates in the presence of magnetic and optical confinement. A two-parameter space of the condensate's chemical potential versus the periodic potential's strength is scanned for both single- and double-quantized vortex states located at a local minimum or a local maximum of the lattice. Triple-charged vortices are also briefly discussed. Single-charged vortices are found to be stable for cosinusoidal potentials and unstable for sinusoidal ones above a critical strength. Higher-charge vortices are more unstable for both types of potentials, and their dynamical evolution leads to a breakup into single-charged vortices.
Measuring the learning organization culture, organizational commitment and job satisfaction in the Lebanese banking sector

The growing interest developed around the learning organization concept and its impact on work-related outcomes in the West has not been matched yet in other parts of the world. The purpose of this quantitative study was to identify the relationships among the learning organization culture, employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment in the Lebanese banking sector. Results showed positive and significant correlations among the different variables but no interaction effect of the Lebanese social patterns.
Maturation of cortical circuits requires Semaphorin 7A

Abnormal cortical circuits underlie some cognitive and psychiatric disorders, yet the molecular signals that generate normal cortical networks remain poorly understood. Semaphorin 7A (Sema7A) is an atypical member of the semaphorin family that is GPI-linked, expressed principally postnatally, and enriched in sensory cortex. Significantly, SEMA7A is deleted in individuals with 15q24 microdeletion syndrome, characterized by developmental delay, autism, and sensory perceptual deficits. We studied the role that Sema7A plays in establishing functional cortical circuitry in mouse somatosensory barrel cortex. We found that Sema7A is expressed in spiny stellate cells and GABAergic interneurons and that its absence disrupts barrel cytoarchitecture, reduces asymmetrical orientation of spiny stellate cell dendrites, and functionally impairs thalamocortically evoked synaptic responses, with reduced feed-forward GABAergic inhibition. These data identify Sema7A as a regulator of thalamocortical and local circuit development in layer 4 and provide a molecular handle that can be used to explore the coordinated generation of excitatory and inhibitory cortical circuits.
Modeling area-averaged fluxes over partially vegetated land surfaces using aircraft and in-situ thermal data

A surface energy balance model is used in association with remotely sensed and in-situ data to examine issues of measurement, scaling, and aggregation of high frequency spatial variation in land surface properties and fluxes over regional scales. Results from this analysis show that instantaneous land surface fluxes modeled from high spatial resolution remotely sensed data may be estimated only approximately. Comparisons between modeled versus observed fluxes averaged over regional scales (roughly 225 square km), on the other hand, exhibit excellent agreement. Based on these results it is concluded that the estimation of surface fluxes at high spatial resolution is problematic because the remotely sensed measurements reflect local land surface conditions, while land surface fluxes are produced by processes associated with surface-atmosphere interactions occurring over substantially larger areas. Because land surface-atmosphere interactions effectively integrate high frequency spatial variance in land surface properties, relatively coarse spatial resolution (100s of meters - 1 km), or random samples of high resolution data, may be used for surface energy balance modeling over regional scales.
Chaos in low-dimensional Lotka Volterra models of competition

The occurrence of chaos in basic Lotka–Volterra models of four competing species is studied. A brute-force numerical search conditioned on the largest Lyapunov exponent (LE) indicates that chaos occurs in a narrow region of parameter space but is robust to perturbations. The dynamics of the attractor for a maximally chaotic case are studied using symbolic dynamics, and the question of self-organized critical behaviour (scale-invariance) of the solution is considered.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VERMIFORM GENERA (COPEPODA: HARPACTICOIDA: CYLINDROPSYLLIDAE), INCLUDING DESCRIPTIONS OF BOREOVERMIS, NEW GENUS AND BOLBOTELOS, NEW GENUS, FROM THE SOUTHERN NORTH SEA

Two new monotypic genera of Cylindropsyllidae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida), Boreovermis and Bolbotelos, are described from subtidal sandy sediments in the Southern Bight of the North Sea. Boreovermis bilobata new genus, new species is primarily characterized by its conspicuous sexual dimorphism on P2 and P3. Bolbotelos longisetosus, new genus, new species is unique in its vermiform body morphology, bi-laterally compressed bulbous caudal rami, loss of inner basal spine on P1 and secondarily elongated geniculate setae on both P1 rami. Both genera are related to Navalonia Huys and Conroy-Dalton, 1993 and Willemsia Huys and Conroy-Dalton, 1993, with which they form a well supported clade of vermiform taxa within the Cylindropsyllidae. The relationships within this Navalonia-clade are analysed and apomorphic character states for each internal node and terminal taxon are discussed.
Poultry Femoral Head Separation and Necrosis: A Review

Femoral head separation (FHS) is a degenerative skeletal problem in fast-growing poultry wherein the growth plate of the proximal femur separates from its articular cartilage. At its early phase, FHS may remain asymptomatic but lead to epiphyseal breakage, infection, and femoral head necrosis (FHN). Healthy femoral head is viewed as a positive trait for genetic selection. However, the etiology of FHS is poorly understood for use in noninvasive diagnosis and genetic selection. Focal cell death and atrophic changes are likely associated with separation of tissues and necrotic changes. Fibrotic thickening of the articular surface can also impair free movement of the proximal epiphysis in the acetabulum, leading to FHS, under strain. The major limitation to understanding the pathophysiology of FHN is the lack of suitable experimental models and biomarkers to diagnose the problem. In this review, we discuss the possible etiologic factors, anatomic features of the chicken femoral head, biomarkers, and molecular mechanisms relevant to FHN.
Low-Intensity Walking Activity Is Associated With Better Health

Recommended levels of physical activity may represent challenging targets for many older adults at risk for disability, leading to the importance of evaluating whether low-intensity activity is associated with health benefits. We examined the cross-sectional association between low-intensity walking activity (<100 steps/min) and health and physical function in a group of older adults. Participants (N = 187; age = 66.8; 91.4% African American; 76.5% female) wore a StepWatch Activity Monitor to measure components of low-intensity walking activity. Only 7% of participants met physical activity guidelines and moderate-intensity activity (≥100 steps/min) contributed only 10% of the total steps/day and 2% of the total min/day. Greater amount, frequency, and duration of low-intensity activity were associated with better self-report and performance-based measures of physical function, better quality of life, and fewer depressive symptoms (ps < .05). The cross-sectional relationship between low-intensity activity and health outcomes important to independent function suggests that we further explore the longitudinal benefits of low-intensity activity.
EFFECTS OF EVALUATION: AN EXAMPLE OF ROBUST "SOCIAL" PRIMING

Evaluation serves a fundamental role in human life, allowing us to safely and successfully interact with our world—much of which is in some way social. We review the vast literature in social psychology on the unintentional impact of evaluation on our mental processing, and locate these effects within longstanding and emerging research traditions. We argue that poorly specified critiques of “social” priming threaten to unfairly ostracize robust findings, stunt exciting new investigations into when and how unintentional influences occur (which we review), and are inconsistent with work in cognitive psychology and modern theory on the nature of information processing in the brain. Finally, we argue that full-hearted endorsement of the evaluative priming that we discuss likely cannot peacefully coexist with strong skepticism of all forms of behavior priming, sketching an argument for why the robustness of the former likely compels the existence of some amount of the latter. Priming research in social psychology has made its way into the limelight in the last decade, its discoveries featured in mainstream as well as nontraditional media outlets. Amazingly, friends and family outside of academia may have even heard of social psychological research. This is largely seen as a positive development (cf., Ledgerwood & Sherman, 2012). In the United States, people’s federal tax dollars are being used to better understand human behavior, and the findings are being communicated to the public in increasingly effective ways. At the same time, over the last couple of years, the headlining star of social psychological research is having a hard time of it. Various reporters and even psychologists have made statements lately about a string of non-replications and the resulting potential demise of priming, and even social psychology itself (e.g., see Bartlett, 2012; Bower, 2012; Kahneman, 2012; Shanks, 2013; Yong, 2012, 2013).
Influence of Large-Scale Flow Regimes on Cool-Season Precipitation in the Northeastern United States

The influence of large-scale flow regimes on cool-season (November–April) northeastern U.S. (Northeast) precipitation is investigated for the period 1948–2003 from statistical and synoptic perspectives. These perspectives are addressed through (i) a statistical analysis of cool-season Northeast precipitation associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Pacific–North American (PNA) regimes (one standard deviation or greater NAO or PNA daily index anomalies persisting several days), and (ii) a composite analysis of the synoptic signatures of major (two standard deviation) 24-h cool-season Northeast precipitation events occurring during NAO and PNA regimes. The statistical analysis reveals that negative PNA regimes are associated with above-average cool-season Northeast precipitation and an above-average frequency of light and moderate precipitation events, whereas the opposite associations are true for positive PNA regimes. In comparison with PNA regimes, NAO regimes are found to have relatively little influence on the amount and frequency of cool-season Northeast precipitation. The composite analysis indicates that a surface cyclone flanked by an upstream trough over the Ohio Valley and downstream ridge over eastern Canada and upper- and lower-level jets in the vicinity of the Northeast are characteristic signatures of major cool-season Northeast precipitation events occurring during NAO and PNA regimes. Negative NAO and positive PNA precipitation events, however, are associated with a more amplified trough–ridge pattern and greater implied Atlantic moisture transport by a low-level jet into the Northeast than positive NAO and negative PNA precipitation events. Furthermore, a signature of lateral upper-level jet coupling is noted only during positive and negative PNA precipitation events.
Mars Surveyor '98 Lander MVACS robotic arm control system design concepts

This paper describes the control system design concepts for the Mars Volatiles and Climate Surveyor (MVACS) Robotic Arm which supports the scientific investigations to be conducted as part of the Mars Surveyor '98 Lander project. Novel solutions are presented to some of the unique problems encountered in this demanding space application with its tight constraints on mass, power, volume, and computing resources. Problems addressed include the 4-DOF forward and inverse kinematics, trajectory planning to minimize potential impact damage, joint drive train protection, Lander tilt prevention, hardware fault monitoring, and collision avoidance.
Saturating control laws for infinite-dimensional linear plants

The authors suggest some new approaches to designing fast state regulators for high-dimensional linear plants x(t)=Ax(t)+bu(t) under control constraints. These high-dimensional models arise as finite-dimensional approximations to an underlying infinite-dimensional system. The objective is to formulate design procedures that take explicitly into account the tradeoff between the available control authority and the speed of the response of the controlled system. >
Neuronal Atrophy Early in Degenerative Ataxia Is a Compensatory Mechanism to Regulate Membrane Excitability.

Neuronal atrophy in neurodegenerative diseases is commonly viewed as an early event in a continuum that ultimately results in neuronal loss. In a mouse model of the polyglutamine disorder spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), we tested the hypothesis that cerebellar Purkinje neuron atrophy serves an adaptive role rather than being simply a nonspecific response to injury. In acute cerebellar slices from SCA1 mice, we find that Purkinje neuron pacemaker firing is initially normal but, with the onset of motor dysfunction, becomes disrupted, accompanied by abnormal depolarization. Remarkably, subsequent Purkinje cell atrophy is associated with a restoration of pacemaker firing. The early inability of Purkinje neurons to support repetitive spiking is due to unopposed calcium currents resulting from a reduction in large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) and subthreshold-activated potassium channels. The subsequent restoration of SCA1 Purkinje neuron firing correlates with the recovery of the density of these potassium channels that accompanies cell atrophy. Supporting a critical role for BK channels, viral-mediated increases in BK channel expression in SCA1 Purkinje neurons improves motor dysfunction and partially restores Purkinje neuron morphology. Cerebellar perfusion of flufenamic acid, an agent that restores the depolarized membrane potential of SCA1 Purkinje neurons by activating potassium channels, prevents Purkinje neuron dendritic atrophy. These results suggest that Purkinje neuron dendritic remodeling in ataxia is an adaptive response to increases in intrinsic membrane excitability. Similar adaptive remodeling could apply to other vulnerable neuronal populations in neurodegenerative disease. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In neurodegenerative disease, neuronal atrophy has long been assumed to be an early nonspecific event preceding neuronal loss. However, in a mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), we identify a previously unappreciated compensatory role for neuronal shrinkage. Purkinje neuron firing in these mice is initially normal, but is followed by abnormal membrane depolarization resulting from a reduction in potassium channels. Subsequently, these electrophysiological effects are counteracted by cell atrophy, which by restoring normal potassium channel membrane density, re-establishes pacemaker firing. Reversing the initial membrane depolarization improved motor function and Purkinje neuron morphology in the SCA1 mice. These results suggest that Purkinje neuron remodeling in ataxia is an active compensatory response that serves to normalize intrinsic membrane excitability.
Knowledge Mediation and Boundary-Spanning in Global IS Change Projects

The purpose of this paper is to develop a systematic understanding of how organizational knowledge is brokered and becomes embedded in the social network structures of boundary-spanning change projects. Drawing on a two-year study of major IS change projects in a global consultancy organization, I explore the various mechanisms by which different forms of knowledge are defined, legitimized, and communicated across virtual networks of practice, how boundary-spanners are selected, and how they mediate various forms of knowledge-domain boundary.
Self-care and illness response behaviors in a frontier area.

: Self-care and illness response to a recent medical event were examined based on a mailed questionnaire to a random sample of 416 adults in a frontier area in north-central Idaho. A total of 494 questionnaires were returned (45% response rate), and 78 were eliminated. Self-care behaviors were classified as: (1) waiting to see what would happen, (2) purchasing or taking a nonprescription medication, (3) taking a prescription medication that was on hand, (4) taking both a prescription and a nonprescription medication, (5) contacting a physician, and (6) going to a hospital. These six variables were classified into three intervention constructs of no intervention (waiting), informal intervention (self-medicating), and formal intervention (contacting a health care professional). Fifty-six percent of the respondents reported self-medicating behaviors. Correlation analysis indicated that initial self-care and illness response behaviors in this frontier area were generally appropriate. Three multiple discriminant models were tested to differentiate those people who waited, self-medicated, and contacted formal providers from those who did not. A significant model could not discriminate between those who waited and those who did not. Models for self-medicating and contacting formal providers correctly classified cases 60 to 70 percent of the time. The analyses indicate that self-medicating was more likely to be reported by younger individuals, by those who lived further from the hospital, who perceived their health status to be better, who reported less satisfaction with community health care services, and that the self-medicating was appropriate. Those respondents most likely to contact the physician reported a lower perceived health status, a higher level of appropriateness of seeking formal health care services, a perceived physician shortage as a serious community problem, greater use of a number of prescription medications in the previous two weeks, and reported living in the community longer than those who did not. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Exploring National Human Resource Development: A Case of China Management Development in a Transitioning Context.

To advance an emerging frontier in human resource development (HRD) research, national HRD (NHRD), this study explored the subject by focusing on a key area of HRD, management development (MD) in the China context. Taking a system and holistic perspective, the study identified three critical challenges facing Chinese managers and China MD in the complex changing interactions of the broader social, economic, and institutional contexts. It examined current MD-related policies and practices at national, organizational, and individual levels. Our analysis of the findings indicated that although much effort was made at multiple levels for developing managers, China's approach to MD tended to be fragmented and lacked coherence. The study further offered critical implications for China MD practice and recent emerging NHRD research. In discussing future NHRD research directions, the study calls for HRD scholars to be mindful of the discipline and theory building in exploring new HRD research frontiers.
Design of clinical trials

It is asserted by some that men possess the faculty of obtaining results over which they have little or no direct personal control, by means of devout and earnest prayer, while others doubt the truth of this assertion. The question regards a matter of fact that has to be determined by observation and not by authority; and it is one that appears to be a very suitable topic for statistical inquiry Are prayers answered or are they not’.’ Do sick persons who pray or are prayed for recover on the average more rapidly than others? Francis Galton. I883
Spatial diversity equalization applied to underwater communications

Underwater acoustic digital communication is difficult because of the nature of the fading multipath channels. Digital signal processing, such as adaptive equalization, is known to greatly improve the communication data rate by limiting intersymbol interference (ISI). However, existing underwater acoustic equalization studies are limited to single-channel techniques, and spatial diversity processing is limited to selection or combining. In this paper, we design minimum mean-square error (MMSE) equalizers jointly among all spatial diversity channels. We call this spatial diversity equalization (SDE). Results are based on a very sparse vertical array in a midrange underwater acoustic channel. We study the effect of element number and placement, the length of the equalization filters, and linear feedforward versus nonlinear decision feedback algorithms. A suboptimum equalizer combiner (EC) is studied to alleviate the computational intensity of JCE. We first design the system for a known acoustic channel; later, some results are verified using adaptive algorithms. Results are presented both in terms of the mean-square error (MSE) and the probability of a symbol error. The latter is important as it is the ultimate interest for a digital communication system. We found that system performance improves rapidly with an increase in the number of spatial channels. >
When worlds intersect: practical and ethical challenges when caring for international patients in the NICU.

When worlds intersect: practical and ethical challenges when caring for international patients in the NICU
Emerging Therapy for the Treatment of Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a heterogenous disease with historically relative poor outcomes. However, new treatment strategies seem to be improving the prognosis for patients. Although no universally accepted standard of care exists, options for patients with newly diagnosed MCL include intensive and nonintensive strategies. Generally, intensive strategies produce more durable remissions and are selected for younger patients, whereas nonintensive strategies are most appropriate for older patients or patients with comorbidities. However, new options are closing the treatment gap between intensive and nonintensive strategies. Treatment options are also increasing for patients with relapsed/refractory MCL and include agents targeting the microenvironment and the B-cell receptor signaling pathway.
The Ability and Responsibility of Corporate Law to Improve Criminal Punishment

The federal government has used criminal fines to punish corporations for as long as it has been punishing corporations. Yet to this day, with more than a century in which to get the punishment right, corporate-criminal fines fail to satisfy virtually any standard justification that underlies criminal punishment. Attempts to address the failure of corporate-criminal fines founder on two shoals. First, there is a deep and abiding ambiguity about what it means to designate corporate fines as a failed punishment. Second, there is a tendency to see the failure of punishment as a problem for criminal law to solve, and in doing so to treat corporate law as a fixed, immutable feature of the legal background. This particularly is a profound mistake: the failure of corporate-criminal fines is as much a corporate-law problem as it is a criminal-law problem.Corporate punishment stands at the vanguard of the conceptual and regulatory interplay between corporate and criminal law. At the heart of this conflict is an interaction between drastically different regulatory functions that operate on the basis of conflicting conceptions of the corporation: corporations as persons for criminal law, and corporations as systems for corporate law. While pluralism about the nature of corporation works well when cabined to specific legal domains, corporate-criminal punishment forces these domains, and their competing conception of the corporation, to reconcile or give way. This Article explores the intimate connections between corporate law and criminal punishment — specifically, how corporate law creates the conditions for, makes necessary, and yet at the same time undermines criminal law’s efforts to punish corporations. Appreciating these interconnections requires understanding not just the conceptual frames implicit to each area of law, but also the historical contingency of associating certain conceptions of the corporation with particular legal domains. To be sure, this project is reform-minded: I consider what it would mean to improve criminal fines through corporate law reforms designed to redistribute the harms attendant to criminal fines in a manner that better aligns the punishment with standard penological aims. That said, the ambition first and foremost is to reveal a blind spot in current discussions of corporate-criminal punishment by drawing attention to the conceptual intricacies that attend a practice — corporate-criminal punishment — that stitches together diametrically opposed conceptions of the corporation.
Symptoms of restless legs syndrome in a palliative care population: frequency and impact.

Objectives We hypothesized that restless legs syndrome (RLS) would be common and associated with impaired quality of life (QOL) among palliative care outpatients. Methods 76 palliative care clinic patients completed the National Institutes of Health restless legs syndrome (NIH-RLS) screening questionnaire. Questionnaire data was also gathered on RLS severity and RLS-related QOL, and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) was used to measure QOL. Analysis was performed for associations between RLS categorization and QOL measures. Results 31 patients (40.8 percent) met criteria for RLS. RLS-positive patients had moderate-to-severe RLS symptoms and impaired RLS-specific QOL. RLS-positive patients scored lower on the mental component of the SF-12 (39 +/- 11 versus 45 +/- 12, p=0.03), though not on the physical component. In a multivariate regression analysis, higher levels of RLS severity had 2-point lower SF-12 mental component scores compared to lower levels of RLS severity (p=0.04), with no difference in physical component scores (p=0.47). Conclusion RLS appears common in palliative care outpatients and is associated with impairments in QOL.
Summary Report for Contract 330088-A-T9: Procurement of Zircaloy-4 Products from Superior Tube Company

This report documents the initial procurement activities from the Superior Tube Company associated with production quantities of Zircaloy 4 components (Contract 330088-A-T9) and the demonstration of their capability to produce full-length getter components (Contract 406957-A-T5).
Introduction to Technologies for Clinical Decision-Making, Interventions, and Wellness Minitrack

The objective of this minitrack is to address the challenges facing mobile and Internet-based health-related applications and devices that are geared toward facilitating and improving clinical decision-making and enhancing wellness. These goals address the promise of mobile health to direct healthcare professionals and consumers toward proven methods that will increase the likelihood of positive outcomes. The papers in this minitrack explore innovative approaches that include analytic strategies to improve care efficiency, an ingestible device to monitor treatment adherence, a scale for assessing attachment to mobile devices, and vital-sign monitoring.
The Effects of Exposure, Proximity, and Capable Guardians on the Risk of Bullying Victimization

Bullying victimization in school is a significant social problem, which has been linked to serious, detrimental, lifelong consequences for its victims. Therefore, it is imperative that we understand the factors that shape the student’s risk of bullying victimization. This study utilizes opportunity theory, more specifically student’s exposure and proximity to motivated offenders and crime-prone environments and the school’s guardianship efforts, to explain student’s risk of bullying victimization. The study employs data drawn from the 2007 National Crime Victimization Survey School Crime Supplement. Logistic regression models were analyzed to explore whether the student’s risk of bullying victimization was influenced by the measures of exposure and proximity and guardianship. The study provides empirical support for opportunity theory; the student’s exposure and proximity to motivated offender and crime-prone environments and the school’s guardianship efforts were associated with the student’s risk of exp...