cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in Mice—Conditioned Suppression

The method of conditioned suppression described in this unit involves training a thirsty mouse to make steady contact with a waterspout in order to receive a slow, but steady trickle of water and then pairing a sound with mild electric shock delivered through the spout. The mouse quickly learns to avoid the shock by breaking contact with the spout whenever it detects the sound. This suppression of drinking is then used to indicate that the animal detected the sound. Because it is a cognitively simple procedure, conditioned suppression can be used to determine the ability of brain-damaged and genetically altered as well as normal animals to detect and discriminate sounds. Keywords: audition; hearing; detection; discrimination; sound localization; mice
Linguistic Diversity in the South: Changing Codes, Practices, and Ideology

Linguistic Diversity in the South: Changing Codes, Practices, and Ideology. Margaret Bender, ed. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2004. 141 pp.
Genomic profiling of glioblastoma: convergence of fundamental biologic tenets and novel insights.

With advances in genomic profiling and sequencing technology, we are beginning to understand the landscape of the genetic events that accumulated during the neoplastic process. The insights gleamed from these genomic profiling studies with regards to glioblastoma etiology has been particularly satisfying because it cemented the clinical pertinence of major concepts in cancer biology—concepts developed over the past three decades. This article will review how the glioblastoma genomic data set serves as an illustrative platform for the concepts put forward by Hanahan and Weinberg on the cancer phenotype. The picture emerging suggests that most glioblastomas evolve along a multitude of pathways rather than a single defined pathway. In this context, the article will further provide a discussion of the subtypes of glioblastoma as they relate to key principles of developmental neurobiology.
An automated visual acuity testing computer program using the apple II system

We developed an automated visual acuity testing program that uses an E optotype with surrounding confusion bars. The computer software program runs on Apple II equipment and a black-and-white monitor with a five-inch screen. The program is available in response box and joystick versions. The test is suitable for children older than 3½ to 4 years of age and for adults. A t -test on the same floppy disk as the visual acuity programs is used to test the probability that the differences in test results are greater than chance. Visual acuities of 20 normal subjects were reduced by means of plus lenses. Test-retest acuity correlation coefficients were similar for letter charts and computer-generated E optotypes, suggesting approximately equal reliability under the test conditions employed. Visual acuities of 12 amblyopic eyes were obtained by a Ferris-type letter chart and computer-generated E optotypes. The correlation coefficient was +0.93, suggesting similar test results by these two methods.
DEMCMC-GPU: An Efficient Multi-Objective Optimization Method with GPU Acceleration on the Fermi Architecture

In this paper, we present an efficient method implemented on Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), DEMCMC-GPU, for multi-objective continuous optimization problems. The DEMCMC-GPU kernel is the DEMCMC algorithm, which combines the attractive features of Differential Evolution (DE) and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) to evolve a population of Markov chains toward a diversified set of solutions at the Pareto optimal front in the multi-objective search space. With parallel evolution of a population of Markov chains, the DEMCMC algorithm is a natural fit for the GPU architecture. The implementation of DEMCMC-GPU on the pre-Fermi architecture can lead to a ~25 speedup on a set of multi-objective benchmark function problems, compare to the CPU-only implementation of DEMCMC. By taking advantage of new cache mechanism in the emerging NVIDIA Fermi GPU architecture, efficient sorting algorithm on GPU, and efficient parallel pseudorandom number generators, the speedup of DEMCMC-GPU can be aggressively improved to ~100.
An in vivo comparison of acetate and palmitate as precursors of surfactant phosphatidylcholine.

Abstract 3-day-old rabbits were injected simultaneously with [ 3 H]acetate and [ 14 C]-palmitic acid. The specific activities of lung, lamellar body and surfactant phosphatidylcholine and disaturated phosphatidylcholine were measured at time intervals from 10 min to 23 h following isotope administration. Palmitic acid contained 87% of the acetate radioactivity recovered from lung and surfactant phosphatidylcholine. The relative specific activities of surfactant phosphatidylcholine and disaturated phosphatidylcholine labeled with acetate were 2.02 and 1.86 times those measured using the palmitic acid label. Apparently the palmitic acid synthesized from acetate is preferentially incorporated into lung phosphatidylcholines and disaturated phosphatidylcholines which are destined to become surfactant.
Comparing modern density functionals for conjugated polymer band structures: Screened hybrid, Minnesota, and Rung 3.5 approximations

Semiconducting polymers with π-conjugated backbones show promise in fields such as photovoltaics. Practical applications of conjugated polymers require precise control over the polymer's electronic band structure. Several new classes of density functional approximation, including screened hybrids, semilocal Minnesota functionals, and Rung 3.5 functionals, show potential for improved predictions of conjugated polymer band structures. This work compares these methods to standard global hybrid density functionals for bandgaps and band structures of representative conjugated polymers. The new methods exhibit particular promise for modeling three-dimensionally periodic bulk polymers, which can be problematic for global hybrids.
Geneious! Simplified genome skimming methods for phylogenetic systematic studies: A case study in Oreocarya (Boraginaceae).

Premise of the study: As systematists grapple with how to best harness the power of next-generation sequencing (NGS), a deluge of review papers, methods, and analytical tools make choosing the right method difficult. Oreocarya (Boraginaceae), a genus of 63 species, is a good example of a group lacking both species-level resolution and genomic resources. The use of Geneious removes bioinformatic barriers and makes NGS genome skimming accessible to even the least tech-savvy systematists. Methods: A combination of de novo and reference-guided assemblies was used to process 100-bp single-end Illumina HiSeq 2000 reads. A subset of 25 taxa was used to test the suitability of genome skimming for future systematic studies in recalcitrant lineages like Oreocarya. Results: The nuclear ribosomal cistron, the plastome, and 12 mitochondrial genes were recovered from all 25 taxa. All data processing and phylogenomic analyses were performed in Geneious. We report possible future multiplexing levels and published low-cop...
Where does China Stand: the Evolving National Treatment Standard in BITs?

Up until now, China has already signed more than one hundred bilateral investment treaties (“BITs”). One of the most significant changes among these BITs is arguably China’s attitude towards national treatment standard, which gradually evolves from “restrictive” to a more “liberal” extent. In the meantime, China’s dual role as both capital-importing and capital-exporting adds more challenges as to how to strike a balance between protecting its own overseas investors and maintaining its traditional sovereignty power. This paper examines China’s stance through the evolution of national treatment in its BITs and addresses China’s concerns behind its cautious liberalization process.
Semiparametric estimation and efficiency bounds of binary choice models when the models contain one continuous variable

Abstract This paper considers semiparametric estimation and efficiency bounds of binary response models under the condition of ‘zero median of the error terms’ when the models contain one continuous variable. The estimator proposed in this paper is based on the idea of the generalized maximum likelihood estimator and its rate of the convergence of the estimator is faster than that of Manski's maximum score estimator which is known to be T 1 3 -consistent. The efficiency bounds of the estimator is determined by differentiability of the density function of the error terms.
Stereochemistry of the SN2' displacement of chiral 1,3-disubstituted bromoallenes to form chiral acetylenes

Abstract Optically active 1,3-disubstituted bromoallenes react with a variety of cuprate reagents preferentially in an SN2′ fashion with very high anti selectivity.
Efficient electromagnetic analysis of spiral inductor patterned ground shields

Patterned ground shields are widely used to increase the Q of spiral inductors on silicon. As RFIC (radio frequency integrated circuit) technology pushes toward deeper submicron nodes, the geometries of ground shields can become exceedingly complicated. This poses a huge challenge for numerical EM (electromagnetic) simulators. This paper explores several ground shield geometries and illustrates a new anisotropic conducting sheet model for efficient EM analysis of even the most complicated ground shield geometries by substitution of a continuous, but anisotropic conducting sheet. The technique is validated by comparison of EM analysis results using this new model to EM analysis results of actual ground shield geometries. We also explore visualization of the current induced in the silicon substrate by the inductor and (if present) the ground shield.
Immunolocalization of connexin 26 in the developing mouse cochlea

Gap junctions play a pivotal role in embryonic development by forming specialized regions of cell-cell communication. In this study, we demonstrate the temporal-spatial distribution of connexin 26 in the embryonic and early postnatal mouse cochlea. Our results show localization of this gap junction protein to specific cochlear structures, including the inner and outer sulcus cells, the supporting cells of the inner hair cells, the mesenchyme derived portion of the stria vascularis, and the cells of the spiral ligament that interface with the basal cells of the stria vascularis. This suggests that this gap junction protein of served patterns of connexin 26 distribution is important for the differentiation and development of these structures (e.g., the role of the inner sulcus cells in producing the tectorial membrane).
The Total Synthesis of Tubulysin D

The first total synthesis of tubulysin D is reported. The development and application of new tert-butanesulfinamide methods allowed for rapid syntheses of the tubuvaline and tubuphenylalanine fragments. Most significantly, a route was devised and implemented to introduce and carry forward the highly labile N,O-acetal functionality. Tubulysin D is the most active member of the tubulysin family, and the efficient synthetic route described herein will allow for the rapid syntheses of analogues to probe the biological activity of this important class of natural products.
A maximum entropy web recommendation system: combining collaborative and content features

Web users display their preferences implicitly by navigating through a sequence of pages or by providing numeric ratings to some items. Web usage mining techniques are used to extract useful knowledge about user interests from such data. The discovered user models are then used for a variety of applications such as personalized recommendations. Web site content or semantic features of objects provide another source of knowledge for deciphering users' needs or interests. We propose a novel Web recommendation system in which collaborative features such as navigation or rating data as well as the content features accessed by the users are seamlessly integrated under the maximum entropy principle. Both the discovered user patterns and the semantic relationships among Web objects are represented as sets of constraints that are integrated to fit the model. In the case of content features, we use a new approach based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to discover the hidden semantic relationships among items and derive constraints used in the model. Experiments on real Web site usage data sets show that this approach can achieve better recommendation accuracy, when compared to systems using only usage information. The integration of semantic information also allows for better interpretation of the generated recommendations.
PROJECTIVE PRESENTATIONS OF FINITELY GENERATED MODULES WITH LARGE ANNIHILATORS

ABSTRACT Let R be an integral domain, and let A be an “almost” finitely presented R -module such that R / Ann ( A ) is a finite direct sum of quasilocal rings. We characterize the relationship between the modules that can occur as kernels of finite rank projective presentations of A, and we give a criterion for when local isomorphism of torsionless modules implies an equivalence of the two modules up to summands of projective R-modules.
Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver and is associated with very poor overall survival. Most patients present with advanced-stage disease and are therefore not eligible for curative surgical therapies. In patients who do present with early-stage HCC, liver transplantation (LT) is an optimal curative surgical option, if the patient is eligible for LT. Most HCC develops in the background of chronic liver disease, and LT serves as a treatment for both the cancer and the underlying cirrhosis. Although the initial experience with LT for HCC was associated with a high recurrence rate and poor survival, it was later demonstrated that by limiting LT to patients with early-stage disease, excellent long-term survival could be attained. A set of size criteria termed Milan criteria (single tumor ≤5 cm or three or more tumor nodules, each ≤3 cm) has been established as the size and number cut off associated with the best post-transplant outcome for patients with HCC. Despite strict selection criteria, recurrence of HCC does occur in 10–15 % of patients. Multiple different locoregional therapies and systemic therapies such as sorafenib are being employed to prevent recurrence in patients with aggressive phenotypes but their efficacy has not been well established.
Nanotube enhanced photoresponse of carbon modified (CM)-n-TiO2 for efficient water splitting

Abstract Carbon modified (CM)-n-TiO2 nanotube arrays were successfully synthesized by anodization of Ti metal sheet in fluoride solution and subsequent annealing in air and natural gas flame oxidation. Both nanotube structure and carbon doping contributed to the enhancement of photoresponse of n-TiO2. About two fold increase in photocurrent density was observed at undoped n-TiO2 nanotube film compared to that at its undoped n-TiO2 flat thin film. Also, about eight fold increase in photocurrent density was observed at carbon modified (CM)-n-TiO2 nanotube film compared to that at undoped n-TiO2 flat thin film. The sample prepared by anodization at 20 V cell voltage for 20 h followed by annealing in air at 500 °C for 1 h and natural gas flame oxidation at 820 °C for 18 min produced highest photocurrent density. It was found that the bandgap of n-TiO2 was reduced to 2.84 eV and an additional intragap band was introduced in the gap at 1.30 eV above the valence band. The bandgap reduction and the new intragap band formation in CM-n-TiO2 extended its utilization of solar energy up to the visible to infrared region.
KPNO LUNAR OCCULTATION SUMMARY. III.

The results for 251 lunar occultation events recorded at Kitt Peak National Observatory are presented, including 20 observations of known or suspected double stars and five measurements of stars with resolved angular diameters.
The Evolution of Infant Cognition: A Personal Account

I've listened to several ICIS presidential addresses over the years, and they can be described in a variety of ways. Most have been eloquent, even inspiring. Some have presented elaborate programs ...
Intensity-dependent alterations in the excitability of cortical and spinal projections to the knee extensors during isometric and locomotor exercise

We investigated the role of exercise intensity and associated central motor drive in determining corticomotoneuronal excitability. Ten participants performed a series of nonfatiguing (3 s) isometri...
Characterization and quantification of a crustacean lipovitellin

Abstract 1. 1. Using immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis the blood-borne female speific protein of Procambarus sp. was found to be immuno-chemically identical to the major high density oocyte lipoprotein. 2. 2. The lipovitellin, which is 35 per cent lipid, was shown to have a molecular weight of 500,000 and exhibit a reversible pH-dependent spectral shift. 3. 3. The lipid portion of the lipovitrellin consisted of a carotenoid, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine, while an amino acid analysis of the lipovitellin demonstrated the sum of the non-polar residues to be 50.3 mole% and the sum of he charged residues to be 35.3 mole %. 4. 4. The quantity of lipopvsitellin per oocyte increased over 1000-fold from a 0.35 mm oocyte to a 2.0 mm oocyte.
Reversible Folding of Human Peripheral Myelin Protein 22, a Tetraspan Membrane Protein

Misfolding of the α-helical membrane protein peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the common neurodegenerative disease known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth diseas...
Cultural considerations using the structured clinical interview for DSM-III for mood and anxiety disorders assessment

This paper focuses on the impact that culture has upon standardized or structured interviews. It briefly reviews how these interviews evolved from a primary research function, what they can teach us about clinical work, and the multiple ways that culture influences these supposedly objective instruments and the diagnoses which follow from their use. Although the use of structured interviews and standardized diagnostic criteria has been a major advance for the field in terms of reliability, care needs to be exercised when evaluating individuals from disparate cultural backgrounds.
Measurements of charge state breeding efficiency at BNL test EBIS

Charge breeding of singly charged ions is required to efficiently accelerate rare isotope ion beams for nuclear and astrophysics experiments, and to enhance the accuracy of low-energy Penning trap-assisted spectroscopy. An efficient charge breeder for the Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU) to the ANL Tandem Linear Accelerator System (ATLAS) facility is being developed using the BNL Test Electron Beam Ion Source (Test EBIS) as a prototype. Parameters of the CARIBU EBIS charge breeder are similar to those of the BNL Test EBIS except the electron beam current will be adjustable in the range from 1 to 2 {angstrom}. The electron beam current density in the CARIBU EBIS trap will be significantly higher than in existing operational charge state breeders based on the EBIS concept. The charge state breeding efficiency is expected to be about 25% for the isotope ions extracted from the CARIBU. For the success of our EBIS project, it is essential to demonstrate high breeding efficiency at the BNL Test EBIS tuned to the regime close to the parameters of the CARIBU EBIS at ANL. The breeding efficiency optimization and measurements have been successfully carried out using a Cs{sup +} surface ionization ion source for externally pulsedmore » injection into the BNL Test EBIS. A Cs{sup +} ion beam with a total number of ions of 5 x 10{sup 8} and optimized pulse length of 70 {mu}s has been injected into the Test EBIS and charge-bred for 5.3 ms for two different electron beam currents 1 and 1.5 {angstrom}. In these experiments we have achieved 70% injection/extraction efficiency and breeding efficiency into the most abundant charge state 17%.« less
Characterization of a red blood cell antigen in donkeys and mules associated with neonatal isoerythrolysis

Summary A red cell antigen of donkeys and mules was identified using antibodies in serum from a mare which produced a mule foal affected with neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI). Subsequently antibodies with similar activity were identified in the sera of other mares which had produced mule foals and were produced by immunization of horses with blood from donkeys. The antigen detected by these antibodies does not correspond to any recognized horse red cell alloantigen. This may be a xenoantigen since all donkeys (and mules) tested have shared this antigen and all horses tested have lacked the antigen. The results suggest that all mule pregnancies (donkey sire x horse dam) are incompatible with regard to this factor and a potential for neonatal isoerythrolysis exists in all cases.
Can boundary crossings in clinical supervision be beneficial

Published studies have addressed boundary violations by clinical supervisors, but boundary crossings, particularly those deemed positive by supervisees, have not received much attention. Eleven trainees in APA-accredited doctoral programs in clinical and counseling psychology were interviewed regarding positive boundary crossings (PBCs) they experienced with clinical supervisors. Interview data were analyzed using Consensual Qualitative Research. Examples of PBCs included socializing with supervisors outside the office, sharing car rides, and supervisor self-disclosure. Typically, supervisees did not discuss the PBC with their supervisors because they were uncomfortable doing so, felt that the PBC was normal, or felt that processing such issues was not part of the supervisor’s style. Most supervisees viewed the PBCs as enhancing the supervisory relationship and their clinical training; however, some participants reported that the PBCs created role confusion. The results suggest that there are legitimate r...
Productivity of women scholars and gender researchers: Is funding a factor?

Articles by women scholars and proportions of articles focused on gender have increased steadily in major sociology journals since 1974. Women are more heavily represented as journal authors than as members of graduate-program departments, the institutional bases where most published work originates. We consider whether funding might account for these patterns by examining acknowledgement of support in published articles. We find no significant relationships among author gender, article topic, and notation of internal funding. Male-authored articles focused on nongender topics acknowledge external funding significantly more often than women-authored works and articles focused on gender written by women or men. Funding patterns therefore do not appear to account for increased productivity by women and gender researchers.
Ethnography, rhetoric, and performance

Books reviewed DOMINATION AND THE ARTS OF RESISTANCE: HIDDEN TRANSCRIPTS. By James C. Scott. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990; pp. 251. $29.95. THE POETICS OF MILITARY OCCUPATION: MZEINA ALLEGORIES OF IDENTITY UNDER ISRAELI AND EGYPTIAN RULE. By Smadar Lavie. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1990; pp. 398. $30.00. POWER AND PERFORMANCE: ETHNOGRAPHIC EXPLORATIONS THROUGH PROVERBIAL WISDOM AND THEATER IN SHABA, ZAIRE. By Johannes Fabian: Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1990; pp. 314. $49.50; paper 19.95.
The World Series Competition

Abstract Suppose a number of pairs of teams or products are compared on the basis of n binomial trials. Although we cannot know from the outcomes which teams or products were actually better, we wish to estimate the average probability that the better team or product wins a given trial, and thus to measure the discrimination provided by our test. World Series data provide an example of such comparisons. The National League has been outclassed by the American League teams in a half-century of World Series competition. The American League has won about 58 per cent of the games and 65 per cent of the Series. The probability that the better team wins the World Series is estimated as 0.80, and the American League is estimated to have had the better team in about 75 per cent of the Series. * This work was facilitated by support from the Laboratory of Social Relations, Harvard University.
A Transient Recorder/Digitizer for Biological Applications

A transient recorder with digitized output is described. Four consecutive time regions of an analog voltage signal can be sampled at different rates. A delayed-trigger output is included, which allows the option of triggering the transient subsequent to the starting of the recorder. The timing and control circuit for the recorder is discussed in detail.
A High-Throughput Platform for Screening Milligram Quantities of Plant Biomass for Lignocellulose Digestibility

The development of a viable lignocellulosic ethanol industry requires multiple improvements in the process of converting biomass to ethanol. A key step is the improvement of the plants that are to be used as biomass feedstocks. To facilitate the identification and evaluation of feedstock plants, it would be useful to have a method to screen large numbers of individual plants for enhanced digestibility in response to combinations of specific pretreatments and enzymes. This paper describes a high-throughput digestibility platform (HTDP) for screening collections of germplasm for improved digestibility, which was developed under the auspices of the Department of Energy-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE-GLBRC). A key component of this platform is a custom-designed workstation that can grind and dispense 1–5 mg quantities of more than 250 different plant tissue samples in 16 h. The other steps in the processing (pretreatment, enzyme digestion, and sugar analysis) have also been largely automated and require 36 h. The process is adaptable to diverse acidic and basic, low-temperature pretreatments. Total throughput of the HTDP is 972 independent biomass samples per week. Validation of the platform was performed on brown midrib mutants of maize, which are known to have enhanced digestibility. Additional validation was performed by screening approximately 1,200 Arabidopsis mutant lines with T-DNA insertions in genes known or suspected to be involved in cell wall biosynthesis. Several lines showed highly significant (p < 0.01) increases in glucose and xylose release (20–40% above the mean). The platform should be useful for screening populations of plants to identify superior germplasm for lignocellulosic ethanol applications and also for screening populations of mutant model plants to identify specific genes affecting digestibility.
Base modifications in plasmid DNA caused by potassium permanganate

KMnO4 is a powerful oxidizing agent which has been used to modify DNA bases. In previous studies, mild KMnO4 treatment has been shown to preferentially modify Thy; Cyt and Gua are modified only under harsher conditions to as yet unidentified products. In the present study, denatured plasmid pCMV beta gal DNA was exposed to 0.015-1.5 mM KMnO4, pH 8.6, at 4 degrees C for 5 min, after which the DNA was hydrolyzed in formic acid, trimethylsilylated, and analyzed for modified base content by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/selected ion monitoring. KMnO4 treatment, even at concentrations as low as 0.015 mM, caused a concentration-dependent increase in the Thy products Thy glycol and 5-hydroxy-5-methylhydantoin, the Cyt products Cyt glycol, 5,6-dihydroxycytosine, and 5-hydroxyhydantoin, the Ade product 8-hydroxyadenine, and the Gua product 8-hydroxyguanine. The Ade product 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine and the Gua product 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine were minimally (less than or equal to 2-fold) increased by treatment with greater than or equal to 0.8 mM KMnO4. These data demonstrate that, in addition to Thy, Cyt, Gua, and Ade bases in plasmid DNA may be modified by treatment with KMnO4, even under mild conditions. They represent the first identification of Cyt, Gua, and Ade products caused by KMnO4 treatment. Furthermore, these data suggest that previous studies which have used treatment with KMnO4 to study the mutagenicity of Thy glycol specifically or as a Thy-specific probe in DNA structure should be interpreted with caution.
Signaling mechanisms in skeletal muscle: Acute responses and chronic adaptations to exercise

Physical activity elicits physiological responses in skeletal muscle that result in a number of health benefits, in particular in disease states, such as type 2 diabetes. An acute bout of exercise/muscle contraction improves glucose homeostasis by increasing skeletal muscle glucose uptake, while chronic exercise training induces alterations in the expression of metabolic genes, such as those involved in muscle fiber type, mitochondrial biogenesis, or glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein levels. A primary goal of exercise research is to elucidate the mechanisms that regulate these important metabolic and transcriptional events in skeletal muscle. In this review, we briefly summarize the current literature describing the molecular signals underlying skeletal muscle responses to acute and chronic exercise. The search for possible exercise/contraction-stimulated signaling proteins involved in glucose transport, muscle fiber type, and mitochondrial biogenesis is ongoing. Further research is needed because full elucidation of exercise-mediated signaling pathways would represent a significant step toward the development of new pharmacological targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
Iterative adaptive signaling for wideband wireless channels

The realization of highly bandwidth-efficient wireless communications over frequency-selective multipath fading channels will be one of the key enabling technologies for future high-speed communication systems that offer ubiquitous access to information. Such bandwidth-efficient communication over broadband wireless channels can be accomplished by a number of different coding, modulation, and framing strategies; in particular, (1) the system can employ a single-carrier or a multicarrier framework, (2) the system can employ adaptive or non-adaptive signaling techniques, and (3) the system can employ iterative or traditional non-iterative decoding. The goal of this ongoing project is to understand the similarities, differences, and applicability of these various techniques in high-speed wireless communications. Such as investigation services not only the specific system design goals here but also aids in the consideration of a number of open issues in the communication theory literature, such as the applicability of adaptive techniques in systems that employ iterative decoding and the robustness to channel uncertainty of iterative single-carrier techniques typically employed in magnetic recording. In this paper, preliminary numerical results from this study are presented for various logical combinations of the aforementioned strategies motivated by previous work of the authors. These numerical results, combined with a complexity and delay analysis of the various receivers, allows the comparison and contrast of the aforementioned techniques for various applications.
ROUNDTABLE 1: PUBLIC IGNORANCE: RATIONAL, IRRATIONAL, OR INEVITABLE?

scott althaus: Let me introduce the panelists in the order that they will be presenting. First is Bryan Caplan. He’s an associate professor of economics at George Mason University. His 2007 book, T...
Syphilis in anthropological perspective.

Abstract Syphilis and its closely related diseases are examined in relationship to the social and biological factors involved in their transmission and maintenance within human populations. Three opposing points of view are presented regarding the site of the origin of venereal syphilis. The “unitarian” argument favors a single, extremely flexible disease entity exhibiting various manifestations dependent on the host's environment and culture. A second approach proposes a continuous mutation and selection process for the responsible micro-organisms. The third position points to the growing body of archeological and osteological evidence suggestive of the presence of syphilis in the pre-Columbian New World and the concomitant derth of skeletal evidence in the Old World.
Determination of low-density Escherichia coli and Helicobacter pylori suspensions in water

Determination of low-density of bacteria, especially those of pathogenic strains in water, has proven difficult and challenging. Here, we developed and evaluated a lanthanum-based concentration method coupled with quantitative real-time PCR to concentrate and detect selected bacteria (Escherichia coli and Helicobacter pylori) in water. To improve qPCR efficiency, the flocs with enmeshed bacteria after chemical flocculation need to be dissolved before PCR detection. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) salt successfully dissolved the flocs from a lanthanum-based flocculation process, but not those from the traditional processes using chemicals such as FeCl(3) or Al(2)(SO(4))(3). Lanthanum-based concentration coupled with real-time PCR successfully determined E. coli at a concentration of 15 cells/mL in raw and finished water and H. pylori at a concentration of about 1 cell/mL in the finished water prior to disinfection. The H. pylori detection sensitivity could be easily increased to 60 cells/L by reducing the final volume of the DNA samples from 3 mL to 60 μL. With the elimination of membrane-clogging problem that is often encountered in direct membrane filtration, the lanthanum-based chemical flocculation coupled with qPCR is a promising method for determination of low-density of microbial suspensions in water.
The effect of heat treatment on sulfur in an electrically-conductive carbon black

Abstract XPS and other techniques are used to investigate the nature of sulfur in carbon black as a function of heat treatment. In as-received samples, sulfur exists as bound to carbon in lower oxidation states and as inorganic sulfates in higher oxidation states. This study demonstrates that inorganic sulfate present in carbon black is reduced to bound sulfur in lower oxidation states upon heat treatment. Evidence for the removal of inorganic sulfate from carbon black via transformation to bound sulfur is presented.
Prosody and parsing

We address the role of prosody as a potential information source for the assignment of syntactic structure. We consider the perceptual role of prosody in marking syntactic breaks of various kinds for human listeners, the automatic extraction of prosodic information, and its correlation with perceptual data.
3D network simulations of paper structure

The structure of paper influences its properties and simulations of it are necessary to understand the impact of fiber and papermaking conditions on the sheet properties. We show a method to develo ...
An In-Service Workshop - for Nursing Personnel on the Management of Catastrophic Reactions in Dementia Victims

Nursing personnel contend with catastrophic reactions in dementia victims on a daily basis. Catastrophic reactions, on occasion, may be of sufficient severity to cause harm to caregivers. Therefore, it is important for caregivers to become familiar with this class of behavior and knowledgeable of its management. Catastrophic reactions are responses to antecedent conditions where there is either excessive sensory input or demands exceed abilities. The literature appears unambiguous on this point; prevention is the best way to manage catastrophic reactions by creating an environment and adopting caregiving approaches that delimit these antecedent conditions. The authors have devised a brief in-service training program for nursing personnel that includes three foci: empathy training, theory, and skills. This program has proven highly successful in the authors' institution. It appears that empathy training may serve as an anchor enhancing retention of theory and skills.
Properties and potential advantages of β-galactosidase from Bacteroides polypragmatus

A β-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) from the mesophilic obligate anaerobe, Bacteroides polypragmatus, was purified 172 fold by p-aminophenyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside agarose affinity chromatography followed by Bio-Gel P300 chromatography. The presence of Mg2+ and a reducing agent such as dithiothreitol (DTT) or mercaptoethanol was required for enzyme activity. The optimum pH and temperature, as determined from hydrolysis of the substrate analogue o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG), for enzyme activity were 6.8 and 45°C, respectively. There was negligible activity loss during incubation at 35°C for up to 13 h. The Km values obtained with ONPG and lactose as substrates were 0.43 mM and 9.09 mM respectively. The enzyme obtained by affinity chromatography was shown to hydrolyze the lactose component of cheese whey; the amount of lactose hydrolyzed was 32% of that expected with pure lactose as the substrate in buffer containing Mg2+ and DTT.
Who Moved My Intranet? The Human Side of Introducing Collaborative Technologies to Library Staff

Intranets can be crucial tools in fostering communication within an academic library. This article describes the successful implementation of an intranet wiki at the San Diego State University Library & Information Access. The steps involved with implementing, marketing, and supporting the MediaWiki software are described, and the results of a user survey are discussed. The survey, which was answered by 50 percent of intranet users, indicated that while the intranet was well used by all respondents, librarians were more active and more comfortable using the editing features of the wiki software. Recommendations for similar projects are offered based on the findings and experiences.
Obtaining the optimal fuel conserving investment mix: a linear programming-hedonic technique approach

The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine how energy efficiency affects the resale value of homes; (2) use this information concerning the "implicit price" of energy efficiency to estimate the resale value of fuel saving investments; and (3) incorporate these resale values into the investment decision process and determine the efficient investment mix for a household which plans to own a given home for three alternative time periods;Two models were used to accomplish these objectives. A hedonic price model was used to determine the impact of energy efficiency on housing prices. The hedonic technique is a method used to attach implicit prices to characteristics which are not themselves bought and sold in markets, but are components of market goods. The hedonic model constructed in this study provided an estimate of the implicit price which is paid for an increase in energy efficiency in homes on the Des Moines housing market. Given this implicit price, and the efficiency of fuel saving investments (such as insulation, passive solar applications, and high energy efficiency furnaces), the resale values of fuel saving investments were estimated;In order to determine how the length of time the home is to be owned affects the "optimal" investment mix, a linear programming model was used to determine the cost minimizing investment mix for a baseline house under the assumption that it would be owned for 6, 20, and 50 years, alternatively. The resale values which were estimated based on the implicit price of energy efficiency were used in obtaining the 6 and 20 year solutions;The results of the hedonic technique revealed that a premium is paid for energy efficient homes in Des Moines. The implicit price of energy efficiency indicates that, on average, a 1 decrease in annual fuel expenditures (due to an increase in efficiency) increases the expected selling price of the house by 11.63;The results of the linear programming model reveal that the optimal fuel saving investment mix for a home is sensitive to the time which the home is to be owned. Solutions which are based on the resale value of fuel saving investments exhibit an underinvestment in conservation relative to the long-run cost minimization solution. Further information is required, however, before it can be determined whether or not the housing market is pricing fuel saving investments efficiently.
THE ORIGIN OF CLOSED CIRCLES OF FIVE CHROMOSOMES IN OENOTHERA

A B S T R A C T Circles in Oenothera are normally composed of even numbers of chromosomes. Two cases of trisomic hybrids with closed circles containing an odd number of chromosomes are here reported. The first of these appeared to contain ,B Trois Pistoles I and AMateo and had a closed circle of 5, an open chain of 8, and a pair; or chains of 9 and 4 plus a pair. The second hybrid seemed to contain a Trois Pistoles II and:3 Palmer Lake and had a closed circle of 5 and an open chain of 10. It was possible to analyze in considerable detail the situation in the first of these. The chromosome 5 -12 or 11 .6 of a Trois Pistoles I was present in this trisomic, which arose either through the simple addition of 5.12 or 11-6 to the ,3 Trois Pistoles I complement contributed through the egg, or through double non-disjunction. If it were a trisomic of the former type it contained only one chromosome of a Trois Pistoles I. If it arose through double non-disjunction, the minimum it could have had would be the equivalent of two a Trois Pistoles I chromosomes, and it might theoretically have had up to the equivalent of 5 chromosomes. It showed, however, no influence of a Trois Pistoles I in its phenotype, although the two Trois Pistoles I complexes produce very different phenotypes. It is probable, therefore, that the trisomic arose as a result of simple addition of 5. 14 or 11 .6 of a Trois Pistoles I to the 3 Trois Pistoles I complex received from the mother.
Development of Mind Control System for Humanoid Robot through a Brain Computer Interface

We develop a mind control system for humanoid robot through a brain-computer-interface (BCI), consisting of a 32 channel electroencephalograph (EEG), a humanoid robot, and a CCD camera. We present two types of humanoid robots in the BCI control system: KT-X PC robot with 20 degrees of freedom (DOFs) or NAO H25 robot with 25 DOFs. The CCD camera takes video clips of a subject or an instructor hand postures to identify mental activities when the subject is thinking "turning right, " "turning left, " or "walking forward." As an initial test, we implement three types of robot walking behaviors: turning right, turning left and walking forward, and report the neural signals correlated to these three mental activities.
Acute and chronic complications of diabetes mellitus in older patients

Abstract The chronic complications of diabetes are thought to be caused by an interaction between hyperglycemia or other metabolic consequences of insulin deficiency and other poorly defined independent genetic or environmental factors. Several important biochemical sequelae to hyperglycemia are discussed. Macrovascular disease appears to be primarily age-related in diabetic patients. The clinical course, manifestations, and management of diabetic complications are significantly altered when they appear against a background of the degenerative changes of aging, greatly complicating diagnosis and management. In elderly patients, the acute complications of diabetes—ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar dehydration—often occur in the context of chronic complications that greatly compound their management and increase their morbidity and mortality.
Single bunch stability to monopole excitation

We study single bunch stability with respect to monopole longitudinal oscillations in electron storage rings. Our analysis is different from the standard approach based on the linearized Vlasov equation. Rather, we reduce the full nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation to a Schr\"odinger-like equation which is subsequently analyzed by perturbation theory. We show that the Haissinski solution [Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. 18B, 72 (1973)] may become unstable with respect to monopole oscillations and derive a stability criterion in terms of the ring impedance. We then discuss this criterion and apply it to a broadband resonator impedance model.
Researching human oocyte cryopreservation: ethical issues.

Objective To evaluate some ethical concerns related to the selection of participants for oocyte cryopreservation research. Design Review of ethical issues related to human oocyte cryopreservation research. Setting Academic medical center. Patient(s) None. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) A discussion of some ethical concerns surrounding selection of participants for oocyte cryopreservation research. Result(s) Human oocyte cryopreservation has the potential to expand reproductive options for infertile couples. Care needs to be taken, however, to carefully select participants in ways that maximizes benefits to them and to society and minimizes risks. Infertility programs can do so by trying to recruit women who stand to benefit the most from participating in oocyte cryopreservation protocols. Conclusion(s) Biomedical research is necessary to improve current medical therapies. Oocyte cryopreservation can increase the flexibility of assisted reproductive programs and offer hope to a significant number of infertile couples. Nonetheless, scientific research cannot be attentive only to the creation of new knowledge and new technologies; it also is inextricably tied to ethical considerations about the well-being of participants.
Repair of plasmid and genomic DNA in a rad7Δ mutant of yeast

Repair of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) was examined in a yeast plasmid of known chromatin structure and in genomic DNA in a radiation-sensitive deletion mutant of yeast, rad7 delta, and its isogenic wild-type strain. A whole plasmid repair assay revealed that only approximately 50% of the CPDs in plasmid DNA are repaired after 6 h in this mutant, compared with almost 90% repaired in wild-type. Using a site-specific repair assay on 44 individual CPD sites within the plasmid we found that repair in the rad7 delta mutant occurred primarily in the transcribed regions of each strand of the plasmid, however, the rate of repair at nearly all sites measured was less than in the wild-type. There was no apparent correlation between repair rate and nucleosome position. In addition, approximately 55% of the CPDs in genomic DNA of the mutant are repaired during the 6 h period, compared with > 80% in the wild-type.