cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Labor-Force Participation Rates of the Population Age 55 and Older: What Did the Recession Do to the Trends?

This paper examines recent U.S. Census Bureau data on labor-force participation among Americans age 55 and older, including what happened to the trends after the economic recession that started in late 2007-early 2008. The first section uses annualized data on labor-force participation from the Current Population Survey (CPS), available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics website. However, these data provide only an overall picture, not specific demographic details. In order to examine demographic trends of the U.S. population, the second section uses data from the March Supplement to the CPS. For those age 55 and older, the labor-force participation rate continued to increase even after the economic downturn of 2008-2009. For those ages 55-64, this is being driven almost exclusively by the increase in women in the work force; the male participation rate is flat to declining. But among those age 65 and older, labor-force participation increased for both males and females. Education is a big factor: Those with higher levels of education are more likely to stay at work. The upward trend is not surprising and is likely to continue because of workers’ need for access to employment-based health insurance and for more earning years to accumulate assets in defined contribution (401(k)-type) plans, particularly after the stock market and economic downturn in 2007-2008. Older Americans, particularly those who worked in the private sector, increasingly have considerably less access to guaranteed levels of income (such as pensions) or health insurance benefits when they retire; consequently, they have a greater need to work to help make their assets last longer or to continue to build up (or to rebuild) assets that they did not (or were not able to) accumulate when they were younger or may have lost during the recent downturn in the stock and bond markets. However, financial concerns are not the only incentives involved here - there also is an increased desire among many Americans to work longer, particularly among those with more education, for whom more meaningful jobs that can be done well into older ages are often available. The recent economic downturn did not alter the trend of older workers increasingly being in the labor force; rather, it appears that this remains the trend, as more opportunities for older workers exist and there is a greater necessity for them to remain in the labor force to accumulate sufficient or adequate resources for retirement. As many workers have found, the road to retirement is not always smooth. The PDF for the above title, published in the February 2011 issue of EBRI Notes, also contains the fulltext of another February 2011 EBRI Notes article abstracted on SSRN: “Who Tries to Find Objective Information on Health Care? Findings From the 2010 Health Confidence Survey.”
Medical Management of Type a Aortic Dissection in a Setting of Atrial Fibrillation

Compared to an acute type A aortic dissection, a chronic type A aortic dissection is a much rarer occurrence that may not necessarily require surgical intervention. A 71 year old male presented with a Stanford type A thoracic aortic dissection extending from the sinotubular junction to the distal
A Simple Greenhouse Method for Screening Salt Tolerance in Soybean

Salinity is an important limiting factor for crop production. Over 800 million ha of land globally are salt-affected. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is moderately salt-tolerant; however, excessive salt reduces yield. Developing a quick, reliable, and inexpensive screening method is critical for soybean breeding programs. This study aimed to develop a rapid method for screening salt tolerance in soybean and to determine the best growing media and NaCl concentrations for screening. Four soybean cultivars, known as Cl– includers (‘Williams’ and ‘Dare’) or excluders (‘S-100’ and ‘Lee 68’), were screened for salt tolerance. These four genotypes were grown in soil, sand, and potting mix and treated with 0, 80, 120, and 160 mM NaCl. Treatment was initiated at the first trifoliate leaf expansion in the second true node above the unifoliate leaves. Two weeks later, leaf scorch score on a 1–9 scale (1 = no chlorosis; 9 = necrosis) was taken. Additionaly, leaf and root Na⁺ and Cl⁻ concentrations were analyzed. The clearest differences between tolerant and sensitive cultivars were obtained using 120-mM NaCl in soil. Once the best conditions to evaluate salt tolerance were established, 14 cultivars were screened to identify those with the most contrasting response. The most sensitive cultivars were Williams and ‘Clark’; the most tolerant were ‘HBK R5525’ and ‘AG5905’. To validate this method, 97 genotypes were evaluated under these conditions with differential responses. The proposed screening methodology was effective in identifying a range of sensitive and tolerant genotypes, allowing confirmation of salt tolerance in some previously reported genotypes.
An Lck-cre transgene accelerates autoantibody production and lupus development in (NZB × NZW)F1 mice

Lupus is an autoimmune disease characterized by the development of antinuclear autoantibodies and immune complex-mediated tissue damage. T cells in lupus patients appear to undergo apoptosis at an increased rate, and this enhanced T cell apoptosis has been postulated to contribute to lupus pathogenesis by increasing autoantigen load. However, there is no direct evidence to support this hypothesis. In this study, we show that an Lck-cre transgene, which increases T cell apoptosis as a result of T cell-specific expression of cre recombinase, accelerates the development of autoantibodies and nephritis in lupus-prone (NZB × NZW)F1 mice. Although the enhanced T cell apoptosis in Lck-cre transgenic mice resulted in an overall decrease in the relative abundance of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, the proportion of activated CD4(+) T cells was increased and no significant change was observed in the relative abundance of suppressive T cells. We postulate that the Lck-cre transgene promoted lupus by enhancing T cell apoptosis, which, in conjunction with the impaired clearance of apoptotic cells in lupus-prone mice, increased the nuclear antigen load and accelerated the development of anti-nuclear autoantibodies. Furthermore, our results also underscore the importance of including cre-only controls in studies using the cre-lox system.
Ecological Carrying Capacity and Its Changes Over Time for the West-Bank Economic Zone of Taiwan Straits

Based on land cover and ecological footprint and taken the types and spatial pattern of terrestrial ecosystems into consideration, ecological carrying capacity(ECC) and its changes over time were assessed for the West-Bank Economic Zone of Taiwan Straits. The results showed that the total ECC in the region increased by 165% but the per-capita ECC increased slightly from 0.52 to 0.53 ha/person from 2000 to 2010. In the meantime, the cities that experienced relatively greater increases in per-capita ECC were those with larger per-capita ECC, such as, Nanping, Sanming, Longyan.and Ningde. The cities with low per-capita ECC, like Xiamen, Chaozhou and Jieyang, had their per-capita ECC reduced. There were tremendous spatial variations in per-capita ECC and the maximum value was about 10 times higher than the minimum value. Cities with greater per-capita ECC were found primarily in inland in the west and those with smaller per-capita ECC were distributed mainly in coastal areas in the east. This spatial gradient became more obvious from 2000 to 2010.
Influence of Castration on Meat Quality in Different Parts of Simmental Cattle

The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of castration on meat quality in different parts of Simmental cattle.50 healthy Simmental cattle(16month)were used in a paired design of single factor by body weight.The pH values of uncastrated group in different parts showed chuck tenderthin flankrumpstriplointopside,the pH values of chuck tender was higher than striploin,topside and rump 3.88%(P0.01),5.35%(P0.01)and 2.29%(P0.05),respectively;The pH values of thin flank and rump were higher than topside 3.30%and 2.99%,respectively,the difference was extremely significant(P0.01).The pH values of castrated group in different parts showed thin flankchuck tenderstriploinrumptopside.The pH values of thin flank was higher than topside and rump 4.33%(P0.01)and 2.36%(P0.05),The pH values of chuck tender was higher than topside 3.37%,the difference was significant(P0.05).The fat content of uncastrated group in different parts showed thin flankstriploinrumpchuck tendertopside,there were no significant difference(P0.05).The fat content of castrated group in different parts showed thin flankrumpstriploinchuck tendertopside,the fat content of thin flank were higher than striploin,chuck tender and topside82.81%,132.59% and 196.02%,respectively,the difference were significant(P0.05).The ash content of uncastrated group in different parts showed topsidestriploinrumpthin flankchuck tender.The ash content of topside was higher than chuck tender 21.90%,the difference were significant(P0.05).The ash content of castrated group in different parts showed chuck tender≥striplointopsiderumpthin flank.The ash content of chuck tender and striploin were higher than thin flank 30.60% and 30.60%,respectively,the difference were extremely significant(P0.01).The shear stress,cooking loss,protein content,water loss rate,myoglobin and dry matter content in different parts of castrated group and uncastrated group had an similar statistics difference.The results suggested that the castration might regulate the fat deposition in difference parts of carcass,influence the pH value in difference parts of carcass expert topside,influence the ash content in difference parts of carcass;there were no statistics difference with the castration on shear stress,cooking loss,protein content,water loss rate,myoglobin and dry matter content in difference parts of carcass.
A Selective Prostaglandin E2 Receptor Subtype 2 (EP2) Antagonist Increases the Macrophage-Mediated Clearance of Amyloid-Beta Plaques

A high-throughput screen resulted in the discovery of benzoxazepine 1, an EP2 antagonist possessing low microsomal stability and potent CYP3A4 inhibition. Modular optimization of lead compound 1 resulted in the discovery of benzoxazepine 52, a molecule with single-digit nM binding affinity for the EP2 receptor and significantly improved microsomal stability. It was devoid of CYP inhibition and was ∼4000-fold selective against the other EP receptors. Compound 52 was shown to have good PK properties in CD-1 mice and high CNS permeability in C57Bl/6s mice and Sprague-Dawley rats. In an ex vivo assay, it demonstrated the ability to increase the macrophage-mediated clearance of amyloid-beta plaques from brain slices in a dose-dependent manner.
Applications of integral averaging to energy and mass transfer

The discussion of integral averaging techniques begun in Chapter 4 is continued here, but the emphasis is now upon energy and mass transfer. If you have not already done so, I recommend that you read Chapter 4 before beginning this material. The derivations are more detailed there and more attention is paid to motivation.
Towards the fabrication of biohybrid silk fibroin materials: entrapment and preservation of chloroplast organelles in silk fibroin films

Chloroplasts extracted from spinach leaves were entrapped in B. mori silk fibroin films to investigate the maintenance of their photosynthetic activity in a dry environment. Chloroplast stability was studied under various storage conditions (different temperature and light cycles) using electron microscopy, spectroscopic analysis and measuring of their photosynthetic activity (i.e. oxygen production). When compared to other environments previously investigated, silk fibroin films enhanced the preservation of the chloroplasts' photosynthetic activity.
GSKB: A gene set database for pathway analysis in mouse

Interpretation of high-throughput genomics data based on biological pathways constitutes a constant challenge, partly because of the lack of supporting pathway database. In this study, we created a functional genomics knowledgebase in mouse, which includes 33,261 pathways and gene sets compiled from 40 sources such as Gene Ontology, KEGG, GeneSetDB, PANTHER, microRNA and transcription factor target genes, etc. In addition, we also manually collected and curated 8,747 lists of differentially expressed genes from 2,526 published gene expression studies to enable the detection of similarity to previously reported gene expression signatures. These two types of data constitute a Gene Set Knowledgebase (GSKB), which can be readily used by various pathway analysis software such as gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Using our knowledgebase, we were able to detect the correct microRNA (miR-29) pathway that was suppressed using antisense oligonucleotides and confirmed its role in inhibiting fibrogenesis, which might involve upregulation of transcription factor SMAD3. The knowledgebase can be queried as a source of published gene lists for further meta-analysis. Through meta-analysis of 56 published gene lists related to retina cells, we revealed two fundamentally different types of gene expression changes. One is related to stress and inflammatory response blamed for causing blindness in many diseases; the other associated with visual perception by normal retina cells. GSKB is available online at http://ge-lab.org/gs/, and also as a Bioconductor package (gskb, https://bioconductor.org/packages/gskb/). This database enables in-depth interpretation of mouse genomics data both in terms of known pathways and the context of thousands of published expression signatures.
Perceived Relevance and Privacy Concern Regarding Online Behavioral Advertising (OBA) and Their Role in Consumer Responses

This study investigated consumer responses to online behavioral advertising (OBA), particularly focusing on the role of perceived ad relevance and privacy concern as key perceptual factors influenc...
Ecotoxicity assessment of ionic As(III), As(V), In(III) and Ga(III) species potentially released from novel III-V semiconductor materials

Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) Engineering Research Center [425.052]; National Science Foundation (NSF-CBET/GOALI Award) [1507446]
A numerical and experimental study of a cellular passive solar façade system for building thermal control

Abstract About 39% of total energy in the United States is consumed in residential and commercial buildings. Passive Solar Design (PSD) strategies have been successful in reducing building energy consumption, however, they require a substantial design effort for each individual project and are also difficult to implement in building retrofit projects. These characteristics tend to inhibit the widespread use of PSD principles in buildings today. In this paper a building envelop system is presented that incorporates small air cells backed by phase change material. The goal is to achieve quasi-constant core temperatures within a building enclosure system. The proposed technology results in a cladding system that can be used to thermally condition buildings. Initial experimental and numerical research efforts show that the system has significant potential to function properly when exposed to winter conditions. While initial results are promising, the system will require dynamic response to function properly in both winter and summer conditions.
SecureHouse: A home security system based on smartphone sensors

Several new smartphones are released every year. Many people upgrade to new phones, and their old phones are not put to any further use. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of using such retired smartphones and their on-board sensors to build a home security system. We observe that door-related events such as opening and closing have unique vibration signatures when compared to many types of environmental vibrational noise, which can be captured by the accelerometer of a smartphone when the phone is mounted on a wall near the door. The rotation of a door can also be captured by the magnetometer of a smartphone when the phone is mounted on a door. We design machine learning and threshold-based methods to detect door opening events based on accelerometer and magnetometer data, and build a prototype home security system that can detect door openings and notify the homeowner via email, SMS and phone calls upon break-in detection. Experiments in a residential home show that the accelerometer-based detection can detect door open events with an accuracy higher than 98%, and magnetometerbased detection has 100% accuracy.
Effects of a summer school-readiness programme on measures of literacy and behaviour growth: a pilot study

Young children enter kindergarten with varying levels of readiness and abilities to learn. One factor that contributes to lower levels of school readiness is poverty. One timely, cost-effective, an...
Visual Culture(s) in the Gulf: An Anthology

There are books written about the Gulf, and then there are those written for the Gulf. The research for this book has been in the works for a while, a condition I applaud. The accelerated speed of ...
Cranial Nerve V: Trigeminal

The fifth cranial nerve, or the trigeminal nerve (CN V), is the largest cranial nerve that arises from the lateral wall of mid-pons and carries a somewhat straight course in the prepontine cistern to reach Meckel’s cave. Anatomy, function, pathology with major clinical syndromes are illustrated.
Clinical development and approval of second generation ALK inhibitors for ALK rearranged lung cancer.

Lung cancers are heterogeneous tumors often characterized by mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( ALK ) genomic aberrations were first identified in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in 2007 (1). We now know that a substantial fraction (approximately 5%) of all NSCLCs harbor rearrangements between ALK and fusion partners (such as EML4 , TFG , KIF5B , KLC1 among others).
A downstream box fusion allows stable accumulation of a bacterial cellulase in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplasts.

We investigated strategies to improve foreign protein accumulation in the chloroplasts of the model algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and tested the outcome in both standard culture conditions as well as one pertinent to algal biofuel production. The downstream box (DB) of the TetC or NPTII genes, the first 15 codons following the start codon, was N-terminally fused to the coding region of cel6A, an endoglucanase from Thermobifida fusca. We also employed a chimeric regulatory element, consisting of the 16S rRNA promoter and the atpA 5′UTR, previously reported to enhance protein expression, to regulate the expression of the TetC-cel6A gene. We further investigated the accumulation of TetC-Cel6A under N-deplete growth conditions. Both of the DB fusions improved intracellular accumulation of Cel6A in transplastomic C. reinhardtii strains though the TetC DB was much more effective than the NPTII DB. Furthermore, using the chimeric regulatory element, the TetC-Cel6A protein accumulation displayed a significant increase to 0.3% total soluble protein (TSP), whereas NPTII-Cel6A remained too low to quantify. Comparable levels of TetC- and NPTII-cel6A transcripts were observed, which suggests that factors other than transcript abundance mediate the greater TetC-Cel6A accumulation. The TetC-Cel6A accumulation was stable regardless of the growth stage, and the transplastomic strain growth rate was not altered. When transplastomic cells were suspended in N-deplete medium, cellular levels of TetC-Cel6A increased over time along with TSP, and were greater than those in cells suspended in N-replete medium. The DB fusion holds great value as a tool to enhance foreign protein accumulation in C. reinhardtii chloroplasts and its influence is related to translation or other post-transcriptional processes. Our results also suggest that transplastomic protein production can be compatible with algal biofuel production strategies. Cells displayed a consistent accumulation of recombinant protein throughout the growth phase and nitrogen starvation, a strategy used to induce lipid production in algae, led to higher cellular heterologous protein content. The latter result is contrary to what might have been expected a priori and is an important result for the development of future algal biofuel systems, which will likely require co-products for economic sustainability.
Single-color, ratiometric biosensors for detecting signaling activities in live cells

Genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors have revolutionized the study of signal transduction by enabling the real-time tracking of signaling activities in live cells. Investigating the interaction between signaling networks has become increasingly important to understanding complex cellular phenomena, necessitating an update of the biosensor toolkit to allow monitoring and perturbing multiple activities simultaneously in the same cell. We therefore developed a new class of fluorescent biosensors based on homo-FRET, deemed FLuorescence Anisotropy REporters (FLAREs), which combine the multiplexing ability of single-color sensors with a quantitative, ratiometric readout. Using an array of color variants, we were able to demonstrate multiplexed imaging of three activity reporters simultaneously in the same cell. We further demonstrate the compatibility of FLAREs for use with optogenetic tools as well as intravital two-photon imaging.
Therapeutic Application of Ultrasound in Myocardial Infarction: A Chronic Six-Week Study in Dogs

Previous studies have demonstrated that appropriate administration of ultrasound has some beneficial effects on the wound healing processes. To evaluate the potential benefit of ultrasonic therapy in myocardial infarction, 40 mongrel dogs have been studied over a period of 6 weeks following ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. An animal model was developed which provided an acoustical window to assure transmission of the sound waves to the anterior-lateral aspects of the left ventricle. To do this, a left thoracotomy was performed at the fifth intercostal space. A portion of the fifth rib was removed and the pericardium was incised. The incised edges of the pericardium were sutured to the thoracic wall around the chest incision to retain the cardiac lobe of the left lung. The LAD was ligated distal to the 1st or 2nd diagonal branch and the chest was closed. After the pneumothorax was evacuated the animal was returned to the animal facilities and the 6-week therapy regime was commenced. The coronary ligation was performed without prior knowledge of animal’s assignment to treated or control group.
PRIMARY IN VITRO SENSITIZATION OF ISOGENEIC AND ALLOGENEIC MURINE LYMPHOCYTES TO NORMAL AND SV40-TRANSFORMED BALB/c 3T3 CELLS

Publisher Summary This chapter explores the possibility of obtaining primary sensitization of murine lymphocytes to tumor cells utilizing in vitro techniques. The chapter describes an experiment in which BALB/c lymph node cells were cultured for five days on monolayers containing varying numbers of mitomycin-C-treated isogeneic untransformed BALB/c 3T3 cells or SV40-transformed 3T3-B cells and assays for cytotoxicity against 3T3-B and SV3T3-B targets. Coculture of BALB/c lymph node cells with untransformed 3T3-B cells failed to generate cytotoxicity for either cell type. In contrast, allogeneic CBA lymphocytes were found to be reactive to both types of stimulator cells, with maximal responses occurring after five days in cultures containing 5 × 104 3T3-B or SV3T3-B cells. This technique for sensitization of lymphocytes to SV40 transformed cells provides a model system for study of the cellular events underlying recognition and destruction of tumor cells by lymphocytes and for analysis of functional interactions between tumor-associated antigens and normal histocompatibility antigens.
Understanding ephemeral storage for serverless analytics

Serverless computing frameworks allow users to launch thousands of concurrent tasks with high elasticity and fine-grain resource billing without explicitly managing computing resources. While already successful for IoT and web microservices, there is increasing interest in leveraging serverless computing to run data-intensive jobs, such as interactive analytics. A key challenge in running analytics workloads on serverless platforms is enabling tasks in different execution stages to efficiently communicate data between each other via a shared data store. In this paper, we explore the suitability of different cloud storage services (e.g., object stores and distributed caches) as remote storage for serverless analytics. Our analysis leads to key insights to guide the design of an ephemeral cloud storage system, including the performance and cost efficiency of Flash storage for serverless application requirements and the need for a pay-what-you-use storage service that can support the high throughput demands of highly parallel applications.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Tertiary Allylic Fluorides by Iridium‐Catalyzed Allylic Fluoroalkylation

Few allylic electrophiles containing two different substituents at a single allyl terminus and none in which one of the two substituents is a heteroatom, have been shown previously to react with iridium catalysts to form substitution products. We report that iridium-catalysts are uniquely suited to form tertiary allylic fluorides enantioselectively by the addition of a diverse range of carbon-centered nucleophiles at the fluorine-containing terminus of 3-fluoro-substituted allylic esters. The products contain tertiary stereogenic centers bearing a single fluorine, which are isosteric with common tertiary stereocenters containing a single hydrogen. Computational studies reveal the principal steric interactions influencing the stability of endo and exo π-allyl intermediates formed from 3,3-disubstituted allylic electrophiles.
Alterations of tumor microenvironment by nitric oxide impedes castration-resistant prostate cancer growth

Immune targeted therapy of nitric oxide (NO) synthases are being considered as a potential frontline therapeutic to treat patients diagnosed with locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. However, the role of NO in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is controversial because NO can increase in nitrosative stress while simultaneously possessing antiinflammatory properties. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that increased NO will lead to tumor suppression of CRPC through tumor microenvironment. S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), an NO donor, decreased the tumor burden in murine model of CRPC by targeting tumors in a cell nonautonomous manner. GSNO inhibited both the abundance of antiinflammatory (M2) macrophages and expression of pERK, indicating that tumor-associated macrophages activity is influenced by NO. Additionally, GSNO decreased IL-34, indicating suppression of tumor-associated macrophage differentiation. Cytokine profiling of CRPC tumor grafts exposed to GSNO revealed a significant decrease in expression of G-CSF and M-CSF compared with grafts not exposed to GSNO. We verified the durability of NO on CRPC tumor suppression by using secondary xenograft murine models. This study validates the significance of NO on inhibition of CRPC tumors through tumor microenvironment (TME). These findings may facilitate the development of previously unidentified NO-based therapy for CRPC.
Forecasting current and next trip purpose with social media data and Google Places

Abstract Trip purpose is crucial to travel behavior modeling and travel demand estimation for transportation planning and investment decisions. However, the spatial-temporal complexity of human activities makes the prediction of trip purpose a challenging problem. This research, an extension of work by Ermagun et al. (2017) and Meng et al. (2017), addresses the problem of predicting both current and next trip purposes with both Google Places and social media data. First, this paper implements a new approach to match points of interest (POIs) from the Google Places API with historical Twitter data. Therefore, the popularity of each POI can be obtained. Additionally, a Bayesian neural network (BNN) is employed to model the trip dependence on each individual’s daily trip chain and infer the trip purpose. Compared with traditional models, it is found that Google Places and Twitter information can greatly improve the overall accuracy of prediction for certain activities, including “EatOut”, “Personal”, “Recreation” and “Shopping”, but not for “Education” and “Transportation”. In addition, trip duration is found to be an important factor in inferring activity/trip purposes. Further, to address the computational challenge in the BNN, an elastic net is implemented for feature selection before the classification task. Our research can lead to three types of possible applications: activity-based travel demand modeling, survey labeling assistance, and online recommendations.
In support of an OT-DM model

This paper provides support for a modified DM model which I call Optimality-Theoretic Distributed Morphology (OT-DM). The strongest form of this model is that all morphological operations take place in parallel, which I call the Morphology in Parallel Hypothesis (MPH). Although combining OT and DM is unorthodox in practice, I show that a growing body of data warrants this modification (Trommer 2001a, 2001b, 2002; Dawson 2017; Foley 2017; a.o.). I provide support for OT-DM from the distribution of verbal clitics in Degema, a language of southern Nigeria. Within, I argue that agreement clitics are inserted post-syntactically via the DM operation Dissociated Node Insertion (DNI), and further that verb complexes are formed post-syntactically via the operation Local Dislocation (LD), operating in tandem with a well-formedness markedness constraint which requires verbs to appear in properly inflected words. These DM operations are decomposed into a series of constraints which are crucially ranked. Candidates are freely generated from gen and are subject to all DM operations, and are evaluated via eval against the ranked constraint set. I illustrate that under the standard serial DM model in which DNI proceeds VI, this would result in the wrong output form, and that even after parameterizing DM operation order in response, this model does not adequately capture the motivations behind the morphological patterns.
Human Performance in the Simulated Multiple Asset Routing Testbed (SMART): An Individual Differences Approach

We examined performance for a university population and military population in the Simulated Multiple Asset Routing Testbed (SMART). SMART is a testbed designed to be similar to the types of tasks future unmanned vehicle operators will perform. Specifically, participants were required to optimize route selections for unmanned aerial vehicles. Their goal was to obtain a maximum number of points, given the likelihood of finding their targets. Participants showed superior performance when provided with detailed icons that contained information relevant to the route selections, compared to a condition where this information was provided in a table format instead. Although the detailed icons improved performance, we found that working memory capacity (WMC) and numeracy were predictive of accuracy in SMART. These results suggest that individual differences in WMC and the ability to understand and manipulate numbers may play an important role in tasks that require one to weight and optimize multiple outcomes. We discuss the implications of these findings for tool design and job selection and training.
Compensatory trans‐regulatory alleles minimizing variation in TDH3 expression are common within Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Heritable variation in gene expression is common within species. Much of this variation is due to genetic differences outside of the gene with altered expression and is trans-acting. This trans-regulatory variation is often polygenic, with individual variants typically having small effects, making the genetic architecture and evolution of trans-regulatory variation challenging to study. Consequently, key questions about trans-regulatory variation remain, including the variability of trans-regulatory variation within a species, how selection affects trans-regulatory variation, and how trans-regulatory variants are distributed throughout the genome and within a species. To address these questions, we isolated and measured trans-regulatory differences affecting TDH3 promoter activity among 56 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, finding that trans-regulatory backgrounds varied approximately twofold in their effects on TDH3 promoter activity. Comparing this variation to neutral models of trans-regulatory evolution based on empirical measures of mutational effects revealed that despite this variability in the effects of trans-regulatory backgrounds, stabilizing selection has constrained trans-regulatory differences within this species. Using a powerful quantitative trait locus mapping method, we identified ∼100 trans-acting expression quantitative trait locus in each of three crosses to a common reference strain, indicating that regulatory variation is more polygenic than previous studies have suggested. Loci altering expression were located throughout the genome, and many loci were strain specific. This distribution and prevalence of alleles is consistent with recent theories about the genetic architecture of complex traits. In all mapping experiments, the nonreference strain alleles increased and decreased TDH3 promoter activity with similar frequencies, suggesting that stabilizing selection maintained many trans-acting variants with opposing effects. This variation may provide the raw material for compensatory evolution and larger scale regulatory rewiring observed in developmental systems drift among species.
BSTC: a novel binarized-soft-tensor-core design for accelerating bit-based approximated neural nets

Binarized neural networks (or BNNs) promise tremendous performance improvement over traditional DNNs through simplified bit-level computation and significantly reduced memory access/storage cost. In addition, it has advantages of low-cost, low-energy, and high-robustness, showing great potential in resources-constrained, volatile, and latency-critical applications, which are critical for future HPC, cloud, and edge applications. However, the promised significant performance gain of BNN inference has never been fully demonstrated on general-purpose processors, particularly on GPUs, due to: (i) the challenge of extracting and leveraging sufficient finegrained bit-level-parallelism to saturate GPU cores when the batch size is small; (ii) the fundamental design conflict between bit-based BNN algorithm and word-based architecture; and (iii) architecture & performance unfriendly to BNN network design. To address (i) and (ii), we propose a binarized-soft-tensor-core as a software-hardware codesign approach to construct bit-manipulation capability for modern GPUs and thereby effectively harvest bit-level-parallelism (BLP). To tackle (iii), we propose intra- and inter-layer fusion techniques so that the entire BNN inference execution can be packed into a single GPU kernel, and so avoid the high-cost of frequent launching and releasing. Experiments show that our Singular-Binarized-Neural-Network (SBNN) design can achieve over 1000X speedup for raw inference latency over the state-of-the-art full-precision BNN inference for AlexNet on GPUs. Comparisons with CPU, GPU, FPGA and Xeon-Phi demonstrate the effectiveness of our design. SBNN is opensourced and available at https://github.com/uuudown/SBNN.
A Temporal Quantitative Profiling of Newly Synthesized Proteins during Aβ Accumulation

Accumulation of aggregated amyloid beta (A{beta}) in the brain is believed to impair multiple cellular pathways and play a central role in Alzheimer's disease pathology. But how this process is regulated remains unclear. In theory, measuring protein synthesis is the most direct way to evaluate a cell's response to stimuli, but to date there have been few reliable methods to do this. To identify the protein regulatory network during the development of A{beta} deposition in AD, we applied a new proteomic technique to quantitate newly synthesized protein (NSP) changes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of 2, 5 and 9-month-old APP/PS1 AD transgenic mice. This bioorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) analysis combined PALM (Pulse Azidohomoalanine Labeling in Mammals) and HILAQ (Heavy Isotope Labeled AHA Quantitation) to reveal a comprehensive dataset of NSPs prior to and post A{beta} deposition, including the identification of proteins not previously associated with AD, and demonstrated that the pattern of differentially expressed NSPs is age-dependent. We also found dysregulated vesicle transportation networks including endosomal subunits, coat protein complex I (COPI) and mitochondrial respiratory chain throughout all timepoints and two brain regions. These results point to a pathological dysregulation of vesicle transportation that occurs prior to A{beta} accumulation and the onset of AD symptoms, which may progressively impact the entire protein network and thereby drive neurodegeneration. This study illustrates key pathway regulation responses to the development of AD pathogenesis by directly measuring the changes of protein synthesis and provides unique insights into the mechanisms that underlie AD.
A Scale to Measure Science Communication Training Effectiveness

The research describes efforts toward developing a valid and reliable scale used to assess science communication training effectiveness (SCTE) undertaken in conjunction with a 4-year project funded...
Aligning implementation and user-centered design strategies to enhance the impact of health services: results from a concept mapping study

Innovative approaches are needed to maximize fit between the characteristics of evidence-based practices (EBPs), implementation strategies that support EBP use, and contexts in which EBPs are implemented. Standard approaches to implementation offer few ways to address such issues of fit. We characterized the potential for collaboration with experts from a relevant complementary approach, user-centered design (UCD), to increase successful implementation. Using purposive and snowball sampling, we recruited 56 experts in implementation (n = 34) or UCD (n = 22). Participants had 5+ years of professional experience (M = 10.31), worked across many settings (e.g., healthcare, education, human services), and were mostly female (59%) and white (73%). Each participant completed a web-based concept mapping structured conceptualization task. They sorted strategies from established compilations for implementation (36 strategies) and UCD (30 strategies) into distinct clusters, then rated the importance and feasibility of each strategy. We used multidimensional scaling techniques to examine patterns in the sorting of strategies. Based on conceptual clarity and fit with established implementation frameworks, we selected a final set of 10 clusters (i.e., groups of strategies), with five implementation-only clusters, two UCD-only clusters, and three trans-discipline clusters. The highest-priority activities (i.e., above-average importance and feasibility) were the trans-discipline clusters plus facilitate change and monitor change. Implementation and UCD experts sorted strategies into similar clusters, but each gave higher importance and feasibility ratings to strategies/clusters from their own discipline. In this concept mapping study, experts in implementation and UCD had perspectives that both converged (e.g., trans-discipline clusters, which were all rated as high-priority) and diverged (e.g., in importance/feasibility ratings). The results provide a shared understanding of the alignment between implementation science and UCD, which can increase the impact and sustainability of EBP implementation efforts. Implications for improved collaboration among implementation and UCD experts are discussed.
Reoperation, Readmission, and Discharge Disposition for Patients With Degenerative Lumbar Pathology Treated With Either Open or Minimally Invasive Techniques: A Single-Center Retrospective Review of 1435 Cases.

Background Spine surgery has been transformed by the growth of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) procedures. Previous studies agree that MIS has shorter hospitalization and faster recovery time when compared to conventional open surgery. However, the reoperation and readmission rates between the 2 techniques have yet to be well characterized. Objective To evaluate the rate of subsequent revision between MIS and open techniques for degenerative lumbar pathology. Methods A total of 1435 adult patients who underwent lumbar spine surgery between 2013 and 2016 were included in this retrospective analysis. The rates of need for subsequent reoperation, 30- and 90-d readmission, and discharge to rehabilitation were recorded for both MIS and traditional open techniques. Groups were divided into decompression alone and decompression with fusion. Results The rates of subsequent reoperation following MIS and open surgery were 10.4% and 12.2%, respectively (P = .32), which were maintained when subdivided into decompression and decompression with fusion. MIS and open 30-d readmission rates were 7.9% and 7.2% (P = .67), while 90-d readmission rates were 4.3% and 3.6% (P = .57), respectively. Discharge to rehabilitation was significantly lower for patients under 60 yr of age undergoing MIS (1.64% vs 5.63%, P = .04). Conclusion The use of minimally invasive techniques for the treatment of lumbar spine pathology does not result in increased reoperation or 30- and 90-d readmission rates when compared to open approaches. Patients under the age of 60 yr undergoing MIS procedures were less likely to be discharged to rehab.
Disentangling Associations of Children's Sports Participation and Compulsive Exercise With Parenting Practices and Child Disordered Eating Behavior.

Abstract Purpose Exercise can enhance health and well-being. Exercise can also, when it is highly driven and compulsive, reflect eating disorder psychopathology. The present study examined associations of compulsive exercise and youth athletics with child disordered eating behaviors (overeating, binge eating, and secretive eating) and with parenting practices related to eating and weight, including how parents talk to their children about weight. Methods Participants were parents (N = 875) who completed an online cross-sectional survey. Parents reported whether their child was an athlete and how often their child exercised in a “driven” or “compulsive” way to control their weight. Four groups were compared: child athletes with compulsive exercise (Group AE: n = 34, 3.9%), athletes without compulsive exercise (Group A: n = 314, 35.9%), nonathletes with compulsive exercise (Group E: n = 40, 4.6%), and nonathletes without compulsive exercise (Group X: n = 487, 55.7%). Results There was a significant, graded association of eating/weight-related parenting: parents of Group E children had the most negative eating/weight-related parenting, followed by parents of Group AE children, followed by both noncompulsive exercise groups (Group A and Group X). Parents reported significantly more “fat talk” in both compulsive exercise groups (Group AE and Group E) than noncompulsive exercise groups (Group A and Group X). Significantly more youth had regular disordered eating behaviors (overeating, binge eating, and secretive eating) in compulsive exercise groups (Group AE and Group E) compared with noncompulsive exercise groups (Group A and Group X). Conclusions Overall, relatively few youth were categorized as engaging in compulsive exercise. However, compulsive exercise, particularly among nonathletes, was consistently associated with both disordered eating behaviors and eating/weight-related parenting practices. Stronger associations emerged for compulsive exercise than child athletics.
Effects of flux variation on the surface temperatures of Earth-analog circumbinary planets

The Kepler Space telescope has uncovered around thirteen circumbinary planets (CBPs) that orbit a pair of stars and experience two sources of stellar flux. We characterize the top-of-atmosphere flux and surface temperature evolution in relation to the orbital short-term dynamics between the central binary star and an Earth-like CBP analog. We compare the differential evolution of an Earth-like CBP's flux and surface temperature with that of an equivalent single-star (ESS) system to uncover the degree by which the potential habitability of the planet could vary. For a Sun-like primary, we find that the flux variation over a single planetary orbit is greatest when the dynamical mass ratio is ~0.3 for a G-K spectral binary. Using a latitudinal energy balance model, we show that the ice-albedo feedback plays a substantial role in Earth-like CBP habitability due to the interplay between flux redistribution (via obliquity) and changes in the total flux (via binary gyration). We examine the differential evolution of flux and surface temperature for Earth-like analogs of the habitable zone CBPs (4 Kepler and 1 hypothetical system) and find that these analogs are typically warmer than their ESS counterparts.
Low levels of fine particulate matter increase vascular damage and reduce pulmonary function in young healthy adults.

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) related mild inflammation, altered autonomic control of cardiovascular function, and changes to cell function have been observed in controlled human exposure studies. To measure the systemic and cardiopulmonary impacts of low-level PM exposure, we exposed 20 healthy, young volunteers to PM2.5, in the form of concentrated ambient particles (mean: 37.8 μg/m3, SD 6.5), and filtered air (mean: 2.1 μg/m3, SD 2.6). In this double-blind, crossover study the exposure order was randomized. During the 4 h exposure, volunteers (7 females and 13 males) underwent light intensity exercise to regulate ventilation rate. We measured pulmonary, cardiac, and hematologic end points before exposure, 1 h after exposure, and again 20 h after exposure. Low-level PM2.5 resulted in both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary changes characterized by alterations in systematic inflammation markers, cardiac repolarization, and decreased pulmonary function. A mean increase in PM2.5 concentration (37.8 μg/m3) significantly increased serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), 1 h after exposure by 8.7, 9.1, 10.7, and 6.6%, respectively, relative to the filtered air control. SAA remained significantly elevated (34.6%) 20 h after PM2.5 exposure which was accompanied by a 5.7% decrease in percent neutrophils. Decreased pulmonary function was observed 1 h after exposure through a 0.8 and 1.2% decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and FEV1/ forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) respectively. Additionally, sex specific changes were observed in repolarization outcomes following PM2.5 exposure. In males, P-wave and QRS complex were increased by 15.4 and 5.4% 1 h after exposure. This study is the first controlled human exposure study to demonstrate biological effects in response to exposure to concentrated ambient air PM2.5 particles at levels near the PM2.5 US NAAQS standard. clinicaltrials.gov ; Identifier: NCT03232086 . The study was registered retrospectively on July 25, 2017, prior to final data collection on October 25, 2017 and data analysis.