cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biochemical genetics of house fly resistance to carbamate insecticide chemicals.

One resistant strain (RHokota) and 2 susceptible multi-chromosomal marker strains (S2356and S2450) of house flies, Musca domestica L., were used for genetic analyses with the F1 male backcross experimental design for determining linkage groups. Genetic analyses were made as follows: (1) resistance to Baygon® ( O -isopropoxyphenyl methylcarbamate) in the presence and in the absence of the synergist piperonyl butoxide; (2) Baygon metabolism in living flies; (3) Baygon metabolism by the fly abdomen enzyme-reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH2) system; (4) resistance to Matacil® [4-(dimethylamino)- m -tolyl methylcarbamate]; (5) Matacil metabolism by the fly abdomen enzyme-NADPH2 system. Each of these comparisons showed the importance of the 5th chromosomal effect in conferring both high carbamate resistance and high activity for microsomal oxidizes involved in metabolism by ring hydroxylation and attack on N -methyl and O -alkyl groups. The 3rd chromosome is secondary in importance to the 5th chromosome in each of the above comparisons, while the 2nd chromosome is also involved in the resistance but not in the enzyme activity. Piperonyl butoxide minimizes the importance of the 5th chromosome in conferring Baygon resistance. Differences in penetration rates do not contribute materially either to the resistance or synergistic effects. Detoxification reactions involving the microsome-NADPH 2 system, which are controlled by the 5th chromosomal gene (s), are important in the mechanism of resistance to carbamate insecticide chemicals; they may also be important with other types of insecticide chemicals which are metabolized by this system and to which resistance is conferred by 5th chromosomal factors.
Maternal Effects on Body Size of Large Insular Peromyscus maniculatus: Evidence from Embryo Transfer Experiments

Adult Peromyscus maniculatus gambelii from mainland California are significantly smaller than P. m. santacruzae from Santa Cruz Island, California, whether they are captured in the wild or raised from birth in captivity. The two subspecies also differ significantly in weight as neonates. Results from the experimental transfer of 4-day old P. m. gambelii embryos into P. m. santacruzae foster mothers demonstrate that the average neonatal weight of P. m. gambelii offspring increases significantly if they are borne and delivered by P. m. santacruzae foster mothers. This apparent prenatal non-genetic maternal influence on neonatal body size does not appear to be caused by differences in gestation period or average litter size, or by a genetic bias in the donor sample. Although the transferred offspring were large at birth, and were nursed by the large P. m. santacruzae foster mothers, they were relatively small (equivalent to other P. m. gambelii ) at maturity. The results of our experimental studies are concordant with predictions from quantitative genetic studies on laboratory mice.
Surgery-induced alterations in plasma recognition factor activity in normal renal donors and renal recipients.

SummaryDepression of the phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system has been demonstrated to occur following surgery in rodents and in man. Since optimal expression of macrophage cells generally requires the presence of phagocytic-promoting factors, studies were undertaken to evaluate alterations in plasma recognition factor activity in normal subjects undergoing unilateral nephrectomy to provide a kidney for a person in renal failure. Additionally, plasma recognition factor activity was measured at varying intervals in patients maintained on renal dialysis and undergoing renal transplantation. Recognition factor activity was evaluated by the ability of plasma to enhance the phagocytosis of 131I-triolein labeled RE test lipid emulsion by macrophage cells incubated in vitro. In both surgical populations studied, significant depletion of plasma recognition factor activity occurred at 1–7 days post-surgery. Restoration of opsonic activity occurred in all cases. Surgery induced phagocytic depressio...
Some Theoretical Considerations regarding Fair Trade Laws

THE FOLLOWING paragraphs present nothing new from the point of view of the tools and concepts of economic theory. Rather the aim has been to take some of the ideas which have been developed by Robinson,' Chamberlin2 and others and to apply them to a specific problem. Throughout the analysis it is assumed that the reader is somewhat familiar with the writings of these authors. The problem to be considered is that of the long run theoretical tendencies of resale price maintenance programs. It is not necessary to recite for the readers of this JOURNAL the spread of Fair Trade Laws making resale price maintenance a legal act and the increasing number of manufacturers who are taking advantage of these laws. The importance of the problem is well understood. It seems best to proceed directly with the analysis.
The Pen Is Mightier: Rethinking the “Gladiator” Ethos of Student-Edited Law Reviews

VI. THE GLADIATOR ETHOS AND LAW REVIEWS 325 A. Gladiator Ethos Emphasizes Competition Above Collaboration 326 B. Gladiator Ethos Emphasizes Rules over Relationships 327 C. Gladiator Ethos Perpetuates Certain “Male” Leadership Characteristics 329
Breeding and Application of Fine Quality Late-cropping Indica Hybrid Rice Meiyou 138

Meiyou 138 is a new indica hybrid rice combination for late cropping season developed from the fine quality CMS line Mei A and the strong restorer line Ce 13-8 by Rice Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It is characteristic of fine grain quality, high-yielding ability, good blast resistance and wide adaptability. It was registered and released in Guangxi in December, 2001. The breeding procedure, major characteristics and applying techniques of cultivation and seed production of Meiyou 138 were introduced in this paper.
ResQuad: Toward a semi-autonomous wilderness search and rescue unmanned aerial system

In a search and rescue scenario, an expeditious response is critical since the radius of the search area increases by roughly 3 km per hour while the life expectancy of the lost individual decreases. To find the object of the search as quickly as possible, the incident commander creates an overlay probability map identifying high priority search areas and develops a search plan that allocates search assets to each area to maximize the probability of success. Conventional aerial searches have the ability to cover a large area quickly, but are costly and require highly trained personnel to operate. In this work we present results of a proof of concept Search and Rescue Unmanned Aerial System, ResQuad, that capitalizes on the advances in drone industry while allowing for reduction in cost and retaining the advantages of aerial perspectives. Given the probability map from the search commander and the system constraints, a near optimal path is determined by the Path Planner in our system ensuring the coverage of high probability areas. While the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) follows the path, an on-board computer with a camera processes and collates the data using an anomaly detection algorithm, saving the results to its memory for the base to verify in real-time.
Cyber physical attacks constrained by control objectives

This paper studies attackers with specific objectives against a cyber physical system. The attacker performs an integrity attack in order to move the system to a target state while evading detection over a finite time window. We formulate and solve an optimal control problem that captures the attacker's objective - the solution gives the optimal sequence of attacks. We provide a sufficient condition for the existence of an optimal attack sequence. Finally, we demonstrate our proposed attack strategy in a numerical example.
PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AND AI

Most artificial intelligence (AI) systems display a more or less rigid separation between the standard computational components of data, operations, and control. That is, if these systems are described at an appropriate level, one can often identify a central entity that might be called and global database that is manipulated by certain well-defined operations, all under the control of some global control strategy. The chapter discusses the importance of identifying an appropriate level of description. Near the machine-code level, any neat separation into distinct components can disappear; at the top level, the complete AI system can consist of several database/operations/control modules interacting in a complex fashion. The point is that a system consisting of separate database, operations, and control components represents an appropriate metaphorical building block for constructing lucid descriptions of AI systems.
Impact of Primary Tumor Surgery in Stage IV Male Breast Cancer

Abstract Background Primary tumor surgery (PTS) is not a standard treatment modality in stage IV breast cancer. Retrospective studies in female breast cancer show improved survival in women undergoing PTS; however, data regarding the impact of surgery in male breast cancer are lacking. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of PTS on survival among men with metastatic breast cancer. Methods A retrospective study was conducted of men diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer at diagnosis were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 1988 to 2011. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compare the differences in survival in men who did and did not undergo PTS. Results A total of 439 men with stage IV breast cancer at diagnosis were identified, of which 222 (51%) underwent PTS, 171 (77%) mastectomy, and 51 (23%) partial mastectomy. The median age was 65 years; 74% of participants were white, 51% had tumors ≤ T2, 65% had estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumor, and 24% had unknown ER status. Univariate analysis between the surgery and no-surgery arms showed that white race ( P = .04), lower T stage and grade ( P = .0003, P = .004), ER positivity ( P = .0002), and later year of diagnosis ( P P P P Conclusion PTS among men with metastatic breast cancer was associated with improved survival in this retrospective analysis.
Evaluating surgical management and outcomes of colovaginal fistulas

Abstract Background Colovaginal fistula is a rare condition associated with significant morbidity. The literature characterizing colovaginal fistula repair is sparse. We present our institution's experience treating colovaginal fistulas. Methods A retrospective review of all patients surgically treated for colovaginal fistula between 2005 and 2015 was performed. Patient demographics, intra-operative details, and post-operative outcomes were reviewed. Results We identified 27 patients with a mean age of 71 (±13) and BMI of 30 (±9). The most common etiology for fistula was diverticulitis (n = 24, 89%). A laparoscopic approach was initiated in 19 patients (70%) and an open approach for 8 (30%) with 8 patients converted from laparoscopy to open (42%). At a mean follow-up of 18 months (±21), there were no recurrences. Conclusion We present one of the largest series of the surgical management of colovaginal fistulas. Although our conversion rate was high, we recommend a laparoscopic approach be utilized when feasible.
Secondary Stress in Nurse Educators

Abstract The topic of nurse educator secondary stress is significant to the nurse educator community, which is facing a national nurse faculty shortage crisis. Major factors identified as contributing to the shortage of nurse educators are educator dissatisfaction with workload and burnout. Burnout can lead to secondary stress, which is an area that has not been well researched in nurse educators. The effects of secondary stress in nurse educators may contribute to job dissatisfaction, and the identification of secondary stress and methods to cope with its effects may be important for nurse educator retention during this critical time of educator shortage.
Nucleoside Transport and Ethanol-Induced Heterologous Desensitization

Chronic ethanol exposure causes heterologous desensitization of cAMP production by receptors coupled to Gαs, the GTP-binding subunit of Gs (Mochly-Rosen et al., 1988). This occurs in several cultured cell lines as well as in brains from rats chronically exposed to ethanol (Gordon et al., 1986; Nagy et al., 1989; Hoffman and Tabakoff, 1977). Moreover, freshly isolated circulating lymphocytes from alcoholics also show heterologous desensitization when compared to cells from non-drinking controls (Diamond et al., 1987), suggesting that alterations in cAMP production may be important in the pathophysiology of alcoholism. Our studies on the mechanism underlying the decrease in cAMP production indicate that ethanol inhibition of nucleoside transport is a requisite first step in ethanol-induced heterologous desensization. Inhibition of adenosine transport by ethanol results in an extracellular accumulation of adenosine. This adenosine binds to adenosine A2 receptors causing an increase in intracellular cAMP levels which leads to a cascade of events resulting in heterologous desensitization of cAMP signal transduction (Nagy et al., 1989; Nagy et al., 1990).
Assessment of Lexiscan for blood brain barrier disruption to facilitate fluorescence brain imaging

Mouse brain fluorescence was imaged after the tail vein injections of indocyanine green (ICG) dye and Lexiscan. The through-skull images showed dye in the vasculatures and permeating through the blood brain barrier into the tissue.
Multi-omic analysis of a hyper-diverse plant metabolic pathway reveals evolutionary routes to biological innovation

The diversity of life on Earth is a result of continual innovations in molecular networks influencing morphology and physiology. Plant specialized metabolism produces hundreds of thousands of compounds, offering striking examples of these innovations. To understand how this novelty is generated, we investigated the evolution of the Solanaceae family-specific, trichome-localized acylsugar biosynthetic pathway using a combination of mass spectrometry, RNA-seq, enzyme assays, RNAi and phylogenetics in non-model species. Our results reveal that hundreds of acylsugars are produced across the Solanaceae family and even within a single plant, revealing this phenotype to be hyper-diverse. The relatively short biosynthetic pathway experienced repeated cycles of innovation over the last 100 million years that include gene duplication and divergence, gene loss, evolution of substrate preference and promiscuity. This study provides mechanistic insights into the emergence of plant chemical novelty, and offers a template for investigating the >300,000 non-model plant species that remain underexplored.
G363(P) Increasing service demands are affecting staff experience – a time to reflect and change

Aims To evaluate current service demands, the effect these are having on staff experience and devise options for improvement. Methods Information input came from multiple sources. Firstly we generated an output of the increasing demand on our service by assessing admission rates bi-annually over the last 10 years. This allowed us to judge the current situation goal gap and create goal attainment options. We produced staff questionnaires for doctors and nurses to gain their views on our service. We collated data on ward rounds from team members on patients seen, timings and confidence regarding decisions made achieving intended goals. We hosted workshop and table-top simulation sessions to determine agreed solutions for further system modelling. Results In 10 years, our admission rate has more than doubled. Data capture from ward rounds over 3 consecutive weeks revealed an average cycle time of 18 min per patient. On average, less than 1 in 40 inpatients saw the same decision maker on consecutive days; of these the average run of consecutive care was 2 days. Influencing factors included middle grade rostering, policy that ‘every new patient is seen by consultant within 24 hours’, reactive system design and geographic deployment strategy. Our workshop highlighted the requisite for ward round re-design. A table-top simulation comparing different ward round designs provided participants an opportunity to experience contrasting ward round designs in a ‘safe’ environment. The shared experiential learning method was used to gain team permission to consider ward round re-design. Conclusions With an ever-increasing demand for our service, we are getting concerned that if we don’t work differently, we will be unable to cope. There is a consistent lack of continuity of decision makers on ward rounds and we believe that increasing continuity has the potential to reduce time used for ward rounds, improve patient experience, enhance staff learning and reduce patient length of stay. We therefore propose health system strengthening measures through ward round re-design to improve our service to both patients and staff.
Noninvasive embryo assessment technique based on buoyancy and its association with embryo survival after cryopreservation.

Abstract Embryo cryopreservation offers many benefits by allowing genetic preservation, genetic screening, cost reduction, global embryo transport and single embryo transfer. However, freezing of embryos decreases embryo viability, as intracellular ice crystal formation often damages embryos. Success rates of frozen embryo transfer are expected to be 15–20% less than fresh embryo transfer. We have developed a noninvasive embryo assessment technique (NEAT) which enables us to predict embryo viability based on buoyancy. The purpose of this research was twofold. First was to determine if a NEAT, through a specific gravity device can detect embryo survival of cryopreservation. Second, it was to relate embryo buoyancy to embryo viability for establishing pregnancies in sheep. Blastocysts descent times were measured on one-hundred sixty-nine mice blastocysts before cryopreservation, according to standard protocol and post-thawing blastocysts descent times were measured again. There was a significant difference in blastocyst post-thaw descent times with NEAT in those blastocysts which demonstrated viability from those that did not (P
A Practitioner’s Guide to Prescribing Valproate for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

We developed this valproate guideline using drug prescribing ­information and reviewing the available literature on relevant neuropsychiatric disorders in populations without intellectual disabilities because of the dearth of available literature on the population with intellectual disabilities. This guideline includes indications; contraindications; assessments prior to and during treatment; dosing with particular focus on dosing modifications required by drug–drug interactions, personal characteristics or genetic variants; and adverse drug reactions. The procedures contained in this guideline may not fully account for all of the possible risks of treatment in this population because of the limited studies available; thus, there will be a need to periodically update this guideline as new information becomes available. Nevertheless, we believe that this guideline provides a useful resource for clinicians who treat epilepsy, mood disorders, and/or challenging behaviors in adult individuals with intellectual disabilities. A valproate drug utilization review that summarizes this guideline is described.
Pigs, pastures, pepper pickers, pitchforks: Carl Sandburg’s Rootabaga Stories and the tall tale

Past studies of American nonsense literature have tended to lump it together with the British, for many good reasons. This article, however, distinguishes American nonsense, not just from the British, but from any other tradition, by way of its folk origins and cultural context. One of the least-recognized writers of nonsense is Carl Sandburg, who is famous for his iconic American poetry, but his Rootabaga Stories (1922-30) are some of the best and most distinctive representatives of the genre. Sandburg’s nonsense short stories are lyrical and strange, but their value lies also in their distinctive American origins. They are distinguished in having particularly American themes, cultural tendencies, and geography, but also in their formal techniques, which hearken back to American folklore and the tall tale in particular, as in W. B. Laughead’s Paul Bunyan (1922).
Do Patients Discontinue Overactive Bladder Medications after Sacral Neuromodulation

Purpose:Overactive bladder medications often have poor tolerability or lack of efficacy with many patients progressing to third line therapy such as sacral neuromodulation. Those treated with sacra...
SecSAKE: Towards Secure and Efficient Outsourcing of Clinical MRI Reconstruction

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a widely used technique to help form images of internal body structures for medical diagnosis. Recently, the Simultaneous Auto-calibrating and K-space Estimation (SAKE) becomes one of the most popular rapid imaging reconstruction methods to restore key information from scanned MRI data. This technique intrinsically requires a fair amount of high-resolution MRI data to accommodate the need of accurate diagnosis and imposes vast computational overhead onto resource-constrained clinics. To solve this problem, the practitioners start seeking the help of cloud computing platform to utilize its robust and economical computation power. However, the privacy concerns with outsourcing patients' private data to public cloud servers are ignited and hinder those practitioners from enjoying the benefits of cloud computing Motivated by this practical need, we investigate the privacy requirements of MRI data and reconstruction process and propose the first secure and efficient clinical MRI reconstruction outsourcing scheme, SecSAKE. Our solution enables a clinic to outsource the most computationally-intensive tasks in SAKE to the resource-abundant cloud servers. In particular, two different protocols are put forward in SecSAKE, with extra emphasis on security and efficiency, respectively. In the first protocol, we carefully enforce a low-complexity matrix transformation in the k-space domain on the clinic end and harness the cloud server to perform iterative computation tasks. The corresponding security analysis shows that the outsourced MRI data are computationally indistinguishable under Chosen Plaintext Attack (CPA). In the second protocol, we largely reduce the computational complexity on the clinic side by leveraging a multi-server architecture of the cloud. The clinic only needs to perform a one-round data transformation to retrieve the reconstructed MRI data. Moreover, we conduct thorough privacy and efficiency analysis and extensive experiments over real-world image benchmark to evaluate the performance of the proposed designs. Compared with the original SAKE, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed privacy-preserving mechanism can provide significant reconstruction time savings while achieving comparative performance on the quality of reconstructed images.
Slow Knowledge (1996)

B etween 1978 and 1984, the Asian Development Bank spent $ 24 million to improve agriculture on the island of Bali. The target for improvement was an ancient agricultural system organized around 173 village cooperatives linked by a network of temples operated by “ water priests ” working in service to the water goddess, Dewi Danu, a deity seldom included in the heavenly pantheon of development economists. Not surprisingly, the new plan called for large capital investment to build dams and canals, and to purchase pesticides and fertilizers. The plan also included efforts to make idle resources, both the Balinese and their land, productive year-round. Old practices of fallowing were ended, along with community celebrations and rituals. The results were remarkable but inconvenient: yields declined, pests proliferated, and the village society began to unravel. On later examination (Lansing 1991), it turns out that the priests’ role in the religion of Agama Tirtha was that of ecological master planners whose task it was to keep a fnely tuned system operating productively. Western development experts dismantled a system that had worked well for more than a millennium and replaced it with something that did not work at all. The priests have reportedly resumed control.
Membrane Targeting of Lipid Modified Signal Transduction Proteins

Covalent attachment of lipophilic moieties to proteins influences interaction with membranes and membrane microdomains, as well as signal transduction. The most common forms of fatty acylation include modification of the N-terminal glycine of proteins by N-myristoylation and/or attachment of palmitate to internal cysteine residues. Protein prenylation involves attachment of farnesyl or geranylgeranyl moieties via thio-ether linkage to cysteine residues at or near the C-terminus. Attachment of each of these lipophilic groups is catalyzed by a distinct enzyme or set of enzymes: N-myristoyl transferase for N-myristoylation, palmitoyl acyl transferases for palmitoylation, and farnesyl or geranylgeranyl transferases for prenylation. The distinct nature of the lipid modification determines the strength of membrane interaction of the modified protein as well as the specificity of membrane targeting. Clusters of basic residues can also synergize with the lipophilic group to promote membrane binding and targeting. The final destination of the modified protein is influenced by multiple factors, including the localization of the modifying enzymes, protein/protein interactions, and the lipid composition of the acceptor membrane. In particular, much interest has been focused on the ability of fatty acylated proteins to preferentially partition into membrane rafts, subdomains of the plasma membrane that are enriched in cholesterol and glycosphingolipids. Lipid raft localization is necessary for efficient signal transduction in a wide variety of systems, including signaling by T and B cell receptors, Ras, and growth factor receptors. However, certain membrane subdomains, such as caveolae, can serve as reservoirs for inactive signaling proteins. Heterogeneity in the types of membrane subdomains, as well as in the types of lipophilic groups that are attached to proteins, provide an additional level of complexity in the regulation of signaling by membrane bound proteins.
School Factors Associated With the Implementation of Integrated Pest Management-Related Policies and Practices.

BACKGROUND Schools are particularly vulnerable to pests, but integrated pest management (IPM) can address pest problems. This study describes IPM policies and practices and the extent to which they are associated with school characteristics. METHODS We analyzed data from the 2014 School Health Policies and Practices Study, a nationally representative survey of schools in the United States (N = 568, response rate = 69%). Pairwise comparisons assessed differences in pest prevention strategies by school characteristics. RESULTS Nationwide, 55.3% of schools conducted campus-wide inspections for pests at least monthly; 35.6% of schools notified staff, students, and families prior to each application of pesticides; and 56.1% of schools required custodial or maintenance staff to receive training on pest management practices that limit the use of pesticides. During the 12 months before the study, 46.5% of schools almost always or always used spot treatments and baiting rather than widespread applications of pesticides, and 36.8% of schools almost always or always marked indoor and outdoor areas that had been treated with pesticides. No clear pattern emerged for school characteristics associated with IPM policies and practices. CONCLUSIONS The variation in implementation of IPM-related policies and practices suggest opportunities for targeted education among school staff about IPM principles.
A Fast and Efficient Parallel Algorithm for Pruned Landmark Labeling

Hub labeling based shortest distance querying plays a key role in many important networked graph applications, such as route planning, socially-sensitive search and web page ranking. Over the last few years, Pruned Landmark Labeling (PLL) has emerged as the state-of-the-art technique for hub labeling. PLL drastically reduces the complexity of label construction by pruning Shortest-Path Trees (SPTs). However, PLL is inherently sequential, as different SPTs must be constructed in a specific order of source vertices to ensure small label size. Particularly, for large graphs, it takes significant processing time to construct even pruned SPTs from all vertices in the graph. While there are many works on parallelizing single source shortest path, these solutions cannot be directly used for PLL, as pruning and label querying introduce significant additional complexity while restricting parallelism within an SPT. In this paper, we propose a novel, fast and efficient algorithm to significantly accelerate PLL on large graphs based on a two-level parallelization of SPTs: intra- and inter-tree. For intra-tree, we generate pruned SPTs based on a modification of the Bellman-Ford (BF) algorithm. We further optimize BF to reduce SPT label querying and initialization costs. We implement our algorithm using the recently proposed Graph Processing Over Partitions (GPOP) which dramatically improves cache-efficiency and DRAM communication-bandwidth. When pruned SPTs become very small and parallelizing individual SPTs is not advantageous, we switch to inter-tree parallelization and construct multiple trees concurrently in a batch. Experiments conducted on a 36 core (2-way hyperthreaded) Intel Broadwell server show that on some datasets, our proposed parallel algorithm can achieve greater than 35.1× speedup over state-of-the-art sequential algorithm.
Development of an Autonomous Manager for Dyadic Human-Machine Teams in an Applied Multitasking Surveillance Environment

Automation is crucial in increasingly many workplaces. Though automation is often associated with job replacement, humans and machines have divergent proficiencies. Thus, human-machine teaming is generally favored over replacement. Within applied surveillance environments, automation is leveraged for cognitively intensive tasks. To maintain optimal performance within a dyadic human-machine team, we developed an Autonomous Manager (AM) that dynamically redistributes tasks between human and machine. Participants performed four simultaneous image identification tasks while paired with a simulated autonomous partner. Our AM was responsible for monitoring team performance and redistributing tasks when performance fell sub-threshold. We manipulated the refresh rate of the images, affording us the opportunity to measure improvement under multiple conditions.
Abstract WP18: The Impact of Fast versus Slow Infarct Growth on Recanalization in Patients Presenting With Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background: Favorable clinical outcomes after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in the setting of a symptomatic large vessel occlusion (LVO) are reliant upon fast and high quality recanalization. Recent ...
Patient and physician preferences for NIH PROMIS patient-reported outcome (PRO) domains in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA).

e15721Background: PDA is associated with high symptom burden. However, treatment and palliation decisions currently weigh on physician interpretation of clinical parameters and may not consider pat...
Jean Bourgain, problem solver.

Jean Bourgain, a truly exceptional and prolific problem solver who transformed multiple areas of mathematics, died on December 22, 2018, aged 64, after a prolonged battle with cancer. Jean Bourgain, 1954–2018. Image courtesy of Institute for Advanced Study/Andrea Kane. Jean received almost every award in the field of mathematics, ranging from the Fields Medal in 1994 (widely regarded as the premier award for mathematicians under the age of 40) to a baronetcy by the Belgian government in 2015. He was elected to the National Academy in 2011, but as a colleague of his noted after his death, “Even considering this, it is hard not to think that in some ways the weight of his contributions has still somehow gone underappreciated within the larger mathematical and scientific community.” Jean’s early work was in the geometry of high-dimensional (or infinite-dimensional) spaces, as well as closely related objects such as large (or infinite) matrices. For instance, he showed how to efficiently approximate a high-dimensional convex body using randomly selected points in that body, and (with Tzafriri) showed that starting from an arbitrary large matrix (obeying some mild conditions), one could select a large number of columns to create a submatrix that … [↵][1]1Email: tao{at}math.ucla.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Developing Disgust: Theory, Measurement, and Application

Disgust is a complex and uncharacteristic emotion. Despite being frequently classified as a “basic” emotion, disgust has a wide range of elicitors, many competing functional theories, and a protracted developmental trajectory. This chapter first reviews several ultimate explanations of disgust, highlighting how scholars historically privileged symbolic explanations, while most contemporary researchers believe disgust to be an adaptive pathogen avoidance mechanism. After a brief discussion of techniques for measuring disgust, we describe the current knowledge of the development of disgust, with special attention to the ways in which disgust influences food choice and contributes to contamination sensitivity. While certain aspects of disgust may be universal, its emergence is largely enculturated and its expression is highly variable. We conclude by discussing the ways in which the study of disgust carries practical implications for the diagnosis and treatment of psychopathologies, for nutrition, and for the implementation of public health initiatives. Although scholarly interest in disgust has greatly increased during recent years, there is still much room for further exploration of this enigmatic emotion.
Adult mice lacking VIP SCN neurons retain circadian locomotor behavior but exhibit dampened daily glucocorticoid rhythms

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) drives circadian rhythms in locomotion through coupled, single-cell oscillations. Global genetic deletion of the neuropeptide, Vip or its receptor Vipr2, results in profound deficits in daily synchrony among SCN cells and daily rhythms in locomotor behavior and glucocorticoid secretion. To test whether this phenotype depends on VIP neurons in the SCN, we ablated VIP SCN neurons in vivo in adult mice through Caspase3-mediated induction of the apoptotic pathway in cre-expressing VIP neurons. We found that ablation of VIP SCN neurons in adult mice caused a phenotype distinct from Vip- and Vipr2- null mice. Mice lacking VIP neurons retained rhythmic locomotor activity with a shortened circadian period, more variable onsets and decreased duration of daily activity. Circadian hormonal outputs, specifically corticosterone rhythms were severely dampened. In contrast, deletion of neonatal SCN VIP neurons dramatically reduced circadian gene expression in the cultured SCN, mimicking the effects of global deletion of Vip or Vipr2. These results suggest that SCN VIP neurons play a role in lengthening circadian period and stimulating the daily surge in glucocorticoids in adults and in synchronizing and sustaining daily rhythms among cells in the developing SCN.
P771 Clinical trial of cefixime for the treatment of early syphilis – preliminary results

Background Increasing incidence of syphilis in the United States and penicillin shortages internationally call for research on alternative treatment options. In this randomized, multisite, open-label, non-comparative clinical trial, we are evaluating the efficacy of cefixime as treatment of early syphilis. Methods Eligible participants are 18 years or older, have laboratory confirmed early syphilis (new Rapid Plasma Reagin [RPR] titer ≥1:8 or 4-fold titer rise in past 12 months), and no concomitant antibiotic use. Patients with HIV infection must have undetectable viral load in the past 12 months and CD4+ count ≥350 cells/μl. Participants were randomized to receive either 2.4M IU benzathine penicillin G intramuscularly once or cefixime 400 mg orally twice a day, for ten days. Participants return for follow-up at 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment for laboratory testing. The main outcome is a 4-fold RPR titer decrease at 6 months post-treatment. Results To date, 27 participants (15 penicillin, 12 cefixime) are enrolled. The majority of the study population is men (26/27), Latino (15/27), and HIV-infected (25/27). Eight participants completed their 3-month follow up (4 cefixime/4 penicillin). In the cefixime arm, 3/4 participants had an equal or greater than four-fold decrease in the RPR titer, and 1/4 had a two-fold decrease. In the penicillin arm, 2/4 participants had an equal or greater than 4-fold decrease in the RPR titer, 1/4 had a two-fold decrease, and 1/4 is missing data. Conclusion Enrollment is still open and data collection ongoing. Initial results are encouraging. Disclosure No significant relationships.
Actor feedback and rigorous monitoring: Essential quality assurance tools for testing behavioral interventions with simulation.

Introduction Simulation is a powerful tool for training and evaluating clinicians. However, few studies have examined the consistency of actor performances during simulation based medical education (SBME). The Simulated Communication with ICU Proxies trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02721810) used simulation to evaluate the effect of a behavioral intervention on physician communication. The purpose of this secondary analysis of data generated by the quality assurance team during the trial was to assess how quality assurance monitoring procedures impacted rates of actor errors during simulations. Methods The trial used rigorous quality assurance to train actors, evaluate performances, and ensure the intervention was delivered within a standardized environment. The quality assurance team evaluated video recordings and documented errors. Actors received both timely, formative feedback and participated in group feedback sessions. Results Error rates varied significantly across three actors (H(2) = 8.22, p = 0.02). In adjusted analyses, there was a decrease in the incidence of actor error over time, and errors decreased sharply after the first group feedback session (Incidence Rate Ratio = 0.25, 95% confidence interval 0.14-0.42). Conclusions Rigorous quality assurance procedures may help ensure consistent actor performances during SBME.
Exploration of Extreme Environments with Currentand Emerging Robot Systems

The discovery of living organisms under extreme environmental conditions of pressure, temperature, and chemical composition on Earth has opened up the possibility of existence and persistence of life in extreme environment pockets across the solar system. These environments range from the many intriguing moons, to the deep atmospheres of Venus and even the giant gas planets, to the small icy worlds of comets and Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs). Exploring these environments can ascertain the range of conditions that can support life and can also identify planetary processes that are responsible for generating and sustaining habitable worlds. These environments are also time capsules into early formation of the solar system and will provide vital clues of how our early solar system gave way to the current planets and moons. Over the last few decades, numerous missions started with flyby spacecraft, followed by orbiting satellites and missions with orbiter/lander capabilities. Since then, there have been numerous missions that have utilized rovers of ever-increasing size and complexity, equipped with state-of-the-art laboratories on wheels. Although current generations of rovers achieve mobility through wheels, there are fundamental limitations that prevent these rovers from accessing rugged environments, cliffs, canyons, and caves. These rugged environments are often the first places geologist look to observe stratification from geohistorical processes. There is an important need for new robot mobility solutions, like hopping, rolling, crawling, and walking that can access these rugged environments like cliffs, canyons, and caves. These new generations of rovers have some extraordinary capabilities including being able to grip onto rocks like NASA/JPL LEMUR 2, operate in swarms such as MIT’s microbots, or have high-specific energy fuel cell power supply that is approximately 40-fold higher than conventional lithium ion batteries to Stanford/NASA JPL’s Hedgehog which is able to hop and somersault in low-gravity environments such asteroids. All of these mobility options and supporting technologies have been proposed and developed to explore these hard-to-reach unconventional environments. This article provides a review of the robotic systems developed over the past few decades, in addition to new state-of-the-art concepts that are leading contenders for future missions to explore extreme environments on Earth and off-world.
A Combined Approach of Connecting Small Energies to Meet the Challenges of Developing Countries

To maintain the developments of the current competing world need enormous amount of energy as a form of electrical energy. A number of methods are proposed and implemented to meet the challenges of the electric power generation. This paper aims to propose a combined electric generation process from the wastage, basically in the developing countries. The main contribution of this paper is to show the way to combine several interconnected process that can be implemented for the electric power generation. The framework is solely designed for a developing country like Bangladesh to mitigate its future uprising requirement of the energy. The proposal is designed for the consideration of the future ecology, too. Eventually, this proposal will provide guidelines for the decision makers of a developing country for power generation with making their environment clean.
Sexual Violence and Mental Health Among College Students in the Era of #MeToo

Sexual violence is a prevalent public health issue among college students and associated with adverse mental health outcomes. Modern social movements that bring awareness to sexual violence, such a...
Theileria equi claudin like apicomplexan microneme protein contains neutralization-sensitive epitopes and interacts with components of the equine erythrocyte membrane skeleton

Theileria equi is a widely distributed apicomplexan parasite that causes severe hemolytic anemia in equid species. There is currently no effective vaccine for control of the parasite and understanding the mechanism that T. equi utilizes to invade host cells may be crucial for vaccine development. Unlike most apicomplexan species studied to date, the role of micronemes in T. equi invasion of host cells is unknown. We therefore assessed the role of the T. equi claudin-like apicomplexan microneme protein (CLAMP) in the invasion of equine erythrocytes as a first step towards understanding the role of this organelle in the parasite. Our findings show that CLAMP is expressed in the merozoite and intra-erythrocytic developmental stages of T. equi and in vitro neutralization experiments suggest that the protein is involved in erythrocyte invasion. Proteomic analyses indicate that CLAMP interacts with the equine erythrocyte α-and β- spectrin chains in the initial stages of T. equi invasion and maintains these interactions while also associating with the anion-exchange protein, tropomyosin 3, band 4.1 and cytoplasmic actin 1 after invasion. Additionally, serological analyses show that T. equi-infected horses mount robust antibody responses against CLAMP indicating that the protein is immunogenic and therefore represents a potential vaccine candidate.
The Aesthetic Journey of Seundja Rhee: From Earth to Cosmos

Seundja Rhee (1918–2009), celebrated in Korea and France, has remained largely unknown elsewhere. However, in the history of Korean women artists, especially those active abroad, she takes a remark...
On time inhomogeneous stochastic Itô equations with drift in $L_{d+1}$

UDC 519.21 We prove the solvability of Ito stochastic equations with uniformly nondegenerate bounded measurable diffusion and drift in $L_{d+1}(R^{d+1}).$Actually, the powers of summability of the drift in $x$ and $t$ could be different. Our results seem to be new even if the diffusion is constant. The method of proving the solvability belongs to A. V. Skorokhod.Weak uniqueness of solutions is an open problem even if the diffusion is constant.
Analyses of RGS Protein Control of Agonist-Evoked Ca2+ Signaling

Abstract Analysis of the function of regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) protein function and their selectivity of action in vivo is complicated by the expression of multiple RGS proteins in a single cell and requires precise control of cytosolic RGS protein concentration. This article describes two experimental systems using pancreatic acinar cells suitable for such analyses. The first is pancreatic acini permeabilized with streptolysin O, which retains agonist responsiveness while allowing RGS proteins and molecules with molecular masses of up to 25–30 kDa access to the cytosol. The second is a whole cell recording of the Ca 2+ -activated Cl − current of single pancreatic acinar cells as a reporter of [Ca 2+ ] i . This system can be used to introduce to the cytosol any protein of interest, including recombinant RGS proteins and RGS protein-scavenging antibodies. The use of these systems to study the specificity of RGS proteins action, the function of their domains, and the role of RGS proteins in controlling Ca 2+ oscillations is discussed.
Broadcasting green: grassroots environmentalism on Muslim women's radio

In 1967, Lynn White published a wide-ranging essay in Science arguing that the causes of the world’s ecological crises are, at their roots, spiritual. He wrote that Abrahamic thought has always been profoundly anthropocentric, beginning with the creation account in Genesis in which God gives humanity full dominion over the earth and over animals. According to White, Western Christianity and related traditions, such as Islam, have seen nature as instrumental to human needs. These branches of thought have therefore justified the exploitation of nature. White concluded that ‘[s]ince the roots of our trouble are so largely religious, the remedy must also be essentially religious, whether we call it that or not’. Using St. Francis of Assisi as a model, White called for a re-envisioning of the modern human relationship with nature that reached to the depth of the soul. Though perhaps not quite what White had in mind, a religious reshaping of environmental ethics is at work in the West within some of its Muslim communities. In this paper I will investigate the particular case of the Muslim Community Radio (MCR, 87.8 FM) environmental broadcasting campaign in the East End of London during Autumn 2007. The radio campaign is an instance of a small but significant set of Muslim environmental collective action campaigns emerging in Britain. I focus the paper on the women’s radio programming during the MCR radio campaign. I argue that the women’s radio broadcasts were intended to ‘sacralize’ environmentalism in the minds of the female Muslim listening audience, imbuing environmental ethics with religious meaning. Though the primary overt discourse in the campaign was this sacralized environmentalism, I will also point out two underlying discourses: 1) The assertion that Islam is modern and compatible with selected western values and 2) the call for Muslim women to take up a carefully gender-structured community activism. Therefore, the radio campaign was in reality three simultaneous campaigns: for environmental activism, for the justification of Islam in modern Britain, and, in a more veiled form, for women’s empowerment. These interconnected layers of meaning reveal something of the complexity of concerns within Muslim communities in Britain. As I will argue in the conclusion, the case also contributes to our general understanding of religious influences on environmental behaviours and of the agentic role of women in sacralization processes in the modern West (Aune, Sharma and Vincett, 2008).