cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
"Now I Write Songs": Growth and Reciprocity After Long-Term Nursing Home Placement.

Background and objectives Nursing home residents have a need for activities that are meaningful, yet mandated scheduled activities remain poorly characterized. In order to understand how scheduled activities provide meaning for nursing home residents, we conducted a study of daily life in a nursing home with a robust activities program. Research design and methods This 2-year, longitudinal ethnographic study embedded an ethnographer into the activities department of a 430-bed, not-for-profit, faith-based nursing home. Forty-three interviews and more than 250 hr of participant-observation were conducted, with a focus on creative arts and religious activities. Thirty-two residents and 15 activities staff were followed more than 12-23 months. Data were coded concurrently, and emerging themes challenged through purposive recruitment until thematic saturation was reached. Results Scheduled activities in the nursing home offered opportunities for learning and personal growth regardless of functional or cognitive disability. Three major themes emerged. Artistic development included new self-identification as a musician, painter, or sculptor through arts programming. Intellectual and spiritual growth involved the use of activities to support ongoing practice and study. Reciprocity occurred as residents used the arts to remain contributing members of their institutional society, reciprocating with the institution that housed them. Discussion and implications Nursing home scheduled activities can facilitate the transformation of identity from resident or patient to the normalized social roles of artist, Torah scholar, and productive member of society.
Energy balance following diets of varying fat content: metabolic dysregulation in a rodent model of spinal cord contusion.

Within the spinal cord injured (SCI) population, metabolic dysfunction may be exacerbated. Models of cord injury coupled with metabolic stressors have translational relevance to understand disease progression in this population. In the present study, we used a rat model of thoracic SCI at level T10 (tSCI) and administered diets comprised of either 9% or 40% butterfat to create a unique model system to understand the physiology of weight regulation following cord injury. SCI rats that recovered on chow for 28 days had reduced body mass, lean mass, and reduced fat mass but no differences in percentage of lean or fat mass composition. Following 12 weeks on either low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD), SCI rats maintained on LFD did not gain weight at the same rate as SCI animals maintained on HFD. LFD-SCI had reduced feed conversion efficiency in comparison to Sham-LFD whereas tSCI-HFD were equivalent to Sham-HFD rats. Although SCI rats still maintained lower lean body mass, by the end of the study HFD-fed rats had higher body fat percentage than LFD-fed rats. Macronutrient selection testing demonstrated SCI rats had a significant preference for protein over Sham rats. Analysis of metabolic cage activity showed tSCI rats had elevated energy expenditure, despite reduced locomotor activity. Muscle triglycerides and cholesterol were reduced only in LFD-tSCI rats. These data suggest that consumption of HFD by tSCI rats alters the trajectory of metabolic dysfunction in the context of spinal cord disease progression.
Using Interdisciplinary Studies as a Method for Faculty Development

In many large organizations, there are formal programs in place to provide professional development opportunities for managers and employees. Universities are no exception. The purpose of the current paper is to describe an interdisciplinary teaching approach that was used at Troy University in 2012 and how this approach was highly effective in the development of faculty members. The authors present how three professors, each at a different career level and from a different discipline, collaborated to create and teach an interdisciplinary honors seminar for undergraduates from a variety of majors. The mechanics of how this was accomplished are described in detail and could serve as a blueprint for others who are interested in replicating this type of experience. The benefits observed are discussed in detail and support the continuation of such a program. Finally, the costs to the University and faculty members are presented in an impartial manner and are directly addressed from a practical perspective. These costs are weighed against the benefits accrued from using this type of program for faculty development and overall suggestions for implementation are made.
A pentaploid-based linkage map of the ancestral octoploid strawberry Fragaria virginiana reveals instances of sporadic hyper-recombination.

The first high-resolution genetic linkage map of the ancestral octoploid (2n = 8x = 56) strawberry species, Fragaria virginiana, was constructed using segregation data obtained from a pentaploid progeny population. This novel mapping population of size 178 was generated by crossing highly heterozygous F. virginiana hybrid "LB48" as a paternal parent with diploid (2n = 2x = 14) Fragaria vesca "Hawaii 4". The LB48 linkage map comprises 6055 markers genotyped on the Axiom® IStraw90 strawberry SNP array. The map consists of 28 linkage groups (LGs) organized into seven homoeology groups of four LGs each, and excludes a small 29th LG of undefined homoeology. One member of each homoeology group was assignable to an "A" subgenome associated with ancestral diploid Fragaria vesca, while no other subgenomes were defined. Despite an intriguing discrepancy within homoeology group VI, synteny comparisons with the previously published Fragaria ×ananassa DA × MO linkage map revealed substantial agreement. Following initial map construction, examination of crossover distributions revealed that six of the total 5162 (=29 chromosomes/individual × 178 individuals) chromosomes making up the data set exhibited abnormally high crossover counts, ranging from 15 to 48 crossovers per chromosome, as compared with the overall mean of 0.66 crossovers per chromosome. Each of these six hyper-recombinant (HypR) chromosomes occurred in a different LG and in a different individual. When calculated upon exclusion of the six HypR chromosomes, the canonical (i.e., broadly representative) LB48 map had 1851 loci distributed over a total map length of 1873 cM, while their inclusion increased the number of loci by 130, and the overall map length by 91 cM. Discovery of these hyper-recombinant chromosomes points to the existence of a sporadically acting mechanism that, if identified and manipulable, could be usefully harnessed for multiple purposes by geneticists and breeders.
Disruption of ATRX-RNA Interactions Uncovers Roles in ATRX Localization and PRC2 Function

Heterochromatin in the eukaryotic genome is rigorously controlled by the concerted action of protein factors and RNAs. Here, we investigate the RNA binding function of ATRX, a chromatin remodeler with roles in silencing of repetitive regions of the genome and in recruitment of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). We identify ATRX RNA binding regions (RBRs) and discover that the major ATRX RBR lies within the N-terminal region of the protein, distinct from its PHD and helicase domains. Deletion of this ATRX RBR (ATRXΔRBR) compromises ATRX interactions with RNAs in vitro and in vivo and alters its chromatin binding properties. Genome-wide studies reveal that loss of RNA interactions results in a redistribution of ATRX on chromatin. Finally, our studies identify a role for ATRX-RNA interactions in regulating PRC2 localization to a subset of polycomb target genes. ATRX is an RNA binding protein that mediates targeting of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to genomic sites. Here the authors identify the RNA binding region and show that the RNA binding is required for ATRX localization and for its recruitment of PRC2 to a subset of polycomb targets.
Comparing outcomes and costs among warfarin-sensitive patients versus warfarin-insensitive patients using The Right Drug, Right Dose, Right Time: Using genomic data to individualize treatment (RIGHT) 10K warfarin cohort.

Oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy has been the main treatment approach for stroke prevention for decades. Warfarin is the most widely prescribed OAC in the United States, but is difficult to manage due to variability in dose requirements across individuals. Pharmacogenomics may mitigate risk concerns related to warfarin use by fostering the opportunity to facilitate individualized medicine approaches to warfarin treatment (e.g., genome-guided dosing). While various economic evaluations exist examining the cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenomics testing for warfarin, few observational studies exist to support these studies, with even fewer using genotype as the main exposure of interest. We examined a cohort of individuals initiating warfarin therapy between 2004 and 2017 and examined bleeding and cost outcomes for the year following initiation using Mayo Clinic’s billing and administrative data, as well the Mayo Clinic Rochester Cost Data Warehouse. Analyses included descriptive summaries, comparison of characteristics across exposure groups, reporting of crude outcomes, and multivariate analyses. We included N = 1,143 patients for analyses. Just over a third of our study population (34.9%) carried a warfarin-sensitive phenotype. Sensitive individuals differed in their baseline characteristics by being of older age and having a higher number of comorbid conditions; myocardial infarction, diabetes, and cancer in particular. The occurrence of bleeding events was not significantly different across exposure groups. No significant differences across exposure groups existed in either the likelihood of incurring all-cause healthcare costs or in the magnitude of those costs. Warfarin-sensitive individuals were no more likely to utilize cardiovascular-related healthcare services; however, they had lower total and inpatient cardiovascular-related costs compared to warfarin-insensitive patients. No significant differences existed in any other categories of costs. We found limited evidence that warfarin-sensitive individuals have different healthcare spending than warfarin-insensitive individuals. Additional real-world studies are needed to support the traditional economic evaluations currently existing in the literature.
A distributionally robust stochastic optimization-based model predictive control with distributionally robust chance constraints for cooperative adaptive cruise control under uncertain traffic conditions

Abstract Motivated by connected and automated vehicle (CAV) technologies, this paper proposes a data-driven optimization-based Model Predictive Control (MPC) modeling framework for the Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) of a string of CAVs under uncertain traffic conditions. The proposed data-driven optimization-based MPC modeling framework aims to improve the stability, robustness, and safety of longitudinal cooperative automated driving involving a string of CAVs under uncertain traffic conditions using Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) data. Based on an online learning-based driving dynamics prediction model, we predict the uncertain driving states of the vehicles preceding the controlled CAVs. With the predicted driving states of the preceding vehicles, we solve a constrained Finite-Horizon Optimal Control problem to predict the uncertain driving states of the controlled CAVs. To obtain the optimal acceleration or deceleration commands for the CAVs under uncertainties, we formulate a Distributionally Robust Stochastic Optimization (DRSO) model (i.e. a special case of data-driven optimization models under moment bounds) with a Distributionally Robust Chance Constraint (DRCC). The predicted uncertain driving states of the immediately preceding vehicles and the controlled CAVs will be utilized in the safety constraint and the reference driving states of the DRSO-DRCC model. To solve the minimax program of the DRSO-DRCC model, we reformulate the relaxed dual problem as a Semidefinite Program (SDP) of the original DRSO-DRCC model based on the strong duality theory and the Semidefinite Relaxation technique. In addition, we propose two methods for solving the relaxed SDP problem. We use Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) data to demonstrate the proposed model in numerical experiments. The experimental results and analyses demonstrate that the proposed model can obtain string-stable, robust, and safe longitudinal cooperative automated driving control of CAVs by proper settings, including the driving-dynamics prediction model, prediction horizon lengths, and time headways. Computational analyses are conducted to validate the efficiency of the proposed methods for solving the DRSO-DRCC model for real-time automated driving applications within proper settings.
Job Mobility and Wealth Inequality

The extent to which employees change jobs, known as the job mobility rate, has been steadily declining in the US for decades. This decline is understood to have a negative impact on both productivity and wages, and econometric studies fail to support any single cause brought forward. This decline coincides with decreases in household savings, increases in household debt and wage stagnation. We propose that the decline could be the consequence of a complex interaction between mobility, savings, wages and debt, such that if changing jobs incurs costs which are paid out of savings, or incurs debt in the absence of sufficient savings, a negative feedback loop is generated. People are further restricted in making moves by their debt obligations and inability to save, which in turn depresses wages further. To explore this hypothesis, we developed a stylized model in which agents chose their employment situation based on their opportunities and preferences for work and where there are costs to changing jobs and the possibility of borrowing to meet those costs. We indeed found evidence of a negative feedback loop involving changes, wages, savings and debt, as well as evidence that this dynamic results in a level of wealth inequality on the same scale as we see today in the US.
A CALPHAD-informed approach to modeling constituent redistribution in Zr-based metallic fuels using BISON

Abstract A CALPHAD-informed (Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry) constituent redistribution model was developed for Zr-based metallic fuels and incorporated into the BISON fuel performance code. Three uncertain model parameters associated with β and γ phase kinetics were calibrated using integral test data from U-Zr fuel elements irradiated in Experimental Breeder Reactor II. The calibrated constituent redistribution model was shown to predict the behavior of U-Zr fuels with excellent accuracy. Model predictions for U-Pu-Zr fuels were physically reasonable but less accurate. Reduction of uncertainties in the ternary phase transition temperatures and collection of kinetic data for the ζ phase are expected to improve the model’s ternary predictions. Finally, the new model was coupled to existing thermomechanics models in BISON to simulate irradiation of an entire U-Zr fuel element, demonstrating its ability to accurately predict the behavior of U-Zr fuels with realistic geometries and mesh resolutions at the engineering scale.
Public service motivation, job satisfaction, and the moderating effect of employment sector: a meta-analysis

Public service motivation (PSM) literature suggests that PSM has a positive effect on employees’ job satisfaction. Using meta-analysis, this study examines the aggregate effect of PSM on job satisf...
The age-old question: Thematic analysis of focus groups on physician experiences of aging in emergency medicine.

Objectives Emergency medicine has a demanding work environment. Characteristics influencing longevity among older physicians in emergency medicine have been the subject of ongoing discussion. The American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) released a policy statement in 2009 suggesting accommodating emergency physicians in preretirement years. We engaged emergency physicians to determine awareness of the ACEP policy and issues faced in preretirement years. Methods We conducted a series of online focus group discussions with a purposive sample of emergency physicians, age ≥ 50 years. The discussion guide was developed from the ACEP policy statement and relevant literature. Groups were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with a thematic coding system developed iteratively by the 4-person team. Emerging themes were identified, organized, and presented with illustrative quotations. Results A total of 28 emergency physicians participated in 4 focus groups, with between 6 and 9 participants in each group. These physicians had between 17 and 35 years of clinical experience (median = 27), 6 were female (21%), and the majority (n = 26, 93%) worked in academic emergency medicine. Only 1 emergency physician was fully aware of the ACEP policy. Three principal content areas were identified: workload demands that change as physicians age, wellness and physician social equity, and senior emergency physician value. Interwoven across all of these was the focus on leadership and solutions to issues. Issues facing emergency physicians in their preretirement years were identified; commitment from emergency medicine site and national leadership and buy-in from junior colleagues was emphasized. Generational conflicts in recognizing the contribution and needs of preretirement emergency physicians was a major barrier to solutions. Conclusions Workload demands, wellness and physician social equity, and concerns about value as a senior physician are major themes confronting preretirement emergency physicians. Generational divides, deficits in local and national leadership, and the health detriments of rotating schedules and night shifts are barriers to longevity in emergency medicine. Further research on the value of senior physicians and the impact of hospital and departmental financial models on adopting accommodations for senior emergency physicians is needed.
Eating disorder symptoms, including avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, in patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction.

BACKGROUND Previous studies show some patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (disorders of gut-brain interaction) may be at risk for or already have an eating disorder (ED). Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) (ED not primarily motivated by body shape/weight concerns) may be particularly relevant but previous studies have been unable to fully apply diagnostic criteria. This study aimed to determine the frequency and nature of the full spectrum of ED symptoms, among adults with disorders of gut-brain interaction. METHODS Adults with disorders of gut-brain interaction (n = 99, 77.1% female, ages 18-82 years) from academic medical center gastroenterology clinics completed a modified ARFID Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program Questionnaire, the ED Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), and other self-report measures of depression, generalized anxiety, and pain interference. KEY RESULTS Of the 93 participants who completed the measures, 37 (39.8%) had ARFID symptoms and 12 (12.9%) had clinically significant shape/weight-motivated ED symptoms (EDE-Q-Global ≥4.0). Exploratory comparisons among ARFID, shape/weight-motivated ED, and no-ED groups revealed that ARFID symptom presence was associated with lower body mass index (BMI), and shape/weight-motivated ED presence was associated with higher depression, anxiety, and pain interference. However, the majority (86%) of patients with ARFID symptoms had a BMI >18.5 kg/m2 . CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The full spectrum of ED symptoms was frequent among patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction, particularly ARFID symptoms. Further research is needed to understand risk and maintenance factors to inform prevention and intervention efforts.
Impact of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor on vitamin D absorption in cystic fibrosis patients.

BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disorder that results in the buildup of mucus in various organs. Ninety percent of CF patients are classified as pancreatic insufficient, leading to malabsorption of nutrients and fat-soluble vitamins without the assistance of exogenous pancreatic enzymes. This study was designed to determine if serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were impacted by initiation of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA). METHODS Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were measured prior to and 1 year post-ELX/TEZ/IVA initiation. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare values. RESULTS Seventy-six patients were included in the final analysis. The average age of our population was 25.8 years (SD = 13.2 years) with a majority being male, homozygous F508del, pancreatic insufficient, and not modulator-naive. The median increase of serum vitamin D concentration after initiating ELX/TEZ/IVA was 5 ng/mL ((IQR) = -4, 13; p = 0.0035). CONCLUSIONS We suggest that ELX/TEZ/IVA may improve fat-soluble vitamin absorption, specifically serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D. These results may lead to adjustments in vitamin supplementation in patients receiving cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Nursing Unit Staffing: An Innovative Model Incorporating Patient Acuity and Patient Turnover: A Dissertation

Changes in reimbursement make it imperative for nurse managers to develop tools and methods to assist them to stay within budget. Disparity between planned staffing and required staffing often requires supplemental staffing and overtime. In addition, many states are now mandating staffing committees to demonstrate effective staff planning. This retrospective quantitative study developed an empirical method for building nursing unit staffing plans through the incorporation of patient acuity and patient turnover as adjustments towards planning nursing workload. The theoretical framework used to guide this study was structural contingency theory (SCT). Patient turnover was measured by Unit Activity Index (UAI). Patient acuity was measured using case mix index (CMI). Nursing workload was measured as hours per patient day (HPPD). The adjustment to HPPD was made through the derivation of a weight factor based on UAI and CMI. The study consisted of fourteen medical, surgical, and mixed medical-surgical units within a large academic healthcare center. Data from 3 fiscal years were used. This study found that there were significant, but generally weak correlations between UAI and CMI and HPPD. The method of deriving a weight factor for adjusting HPPD was not as important as the decision-making relative to when to adjust planned HPPD. In addition, the measure of unit activity index was simplified which will assist researchers to more easily calculate patient turnover. As a result of this study, nurse managers and will be better able to adjust and predict HPPD in cases where benchmarking has been problematic. Data-driven adjustments to HPPD based on UAI and CMI will assist the nurse manager to plan and budget resources more effectively.
Branchial cyst. Report of a case.

Abstract A case of a large branchial cyst in a 45-year-old man has been presented. The cyst mass reached to the carotid bifurcation and pulsated with the carotid vessels. A discussion of differential diagnosis of neck masses has also been presented.
Let's Talk About Sex Baby: Lyle v. Warner Brothers Television Productions and The California Court of Appeal's Creative Necessity Defense to Hostile Work Environment Sexual Harassment

Introduction 113 I. Background 114 A. The Hostile Work Environment Sexual Harassment Doctrine Evolved from Judicial Interpretation of Title VII 114 1. The Beginning: Title VII and Its Failure to Define Discrimination Based on Sex 114 2. The Expansion: The Supreme Court’s Interpretation of Title VII and the Hostile Work Environment Doctrine 116 B. California’s Sexual Harassment Law Parallels Title VII and Federal Precedent 119 C. The Two Theories of Discrimination Under Title VII and FEHA 119
Analysis of Early Gene Responses

Early response genes, also referred to as immediate early genes, are rapidly induced in response to a variety of extracellular stimuli, and have been used as markers of cellular activation. Expression of immediate early genes, such as c-fos, can be used to determine the influence of specific drugs on receptor regulation of intracellular signaling pathways. This unit describes two techniques for the analysis of mRNA from immediate early genes. Northern blot analysis provides a method for size-fractionation of native mRNA by gel electrophoresis and visualization of a specific mRNA in a pool of total RNA isolated from a tissue of interest. Thus, this analysis provides important information on the size and abundance of the mRNA of interest and on the specificity of the hybridization probe. However, this approach does not provide information on the cellular localization of the mRNA. Such data may be obtained by in situ hybridization of mRNA in tissue sections. In addition to the northern and in situ hybridization techniques, this unit provides two support protocols for radiolabeling either RNA or DNA probes along with information on the selection of an appropriate probe and hybridization conditions.
Effects of Neutron Irradiation on Fatigue and Creep-Fatigue Crack Propagation in Type 316 Stainless Steel at 649°C

The fatigue and creep-fatigue crack propagation performance of Type 316 stainless steel has been investigated following fast neutron (n) irradiation to fluence levels of 1.5 X 10 2 2 and ∼5 X 10 2 2 n/cm 2 (>0.1 MeV), ∼6 and 26 displacements per atom (dpa), respectively, at 649°C. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of neutron fluence and temperature on the crack propagation resistance and failure mode of the steel. The results from fatigue tests of the annealed steel show that irradiation to both fluence levels at 649°C produced no significant effect on the crack propagation rate when compared with unirradiated steel tested at 649°C. For the 20 percent cold-worked steel, however, irradiation to the lower fluence level increased the crack propagation rate while at the higher fluence level the crack propagation rate was only slightly increased relative to the unirradiated material. For tests conducted using creep-fatigue cycling, the effect of a 1-min hold time at the maximum cyclic load was to produce a marked increase in the crack propagation rate of the annealed steel irradiated to the lower fluence level. At the higher fluence level, the inclusion of a 2-min hold time in the creep-fatigue cycle resulted in a further increase in the crack propagation rate. The effect of a 1-min hold time in the irradiated, 20 percent cold-worked steel was to significantly increase the crack propagation rates, particularly at the low fluence level at 649°C. Scanning electron microscope examination of the fracture surfaces of the tested specimens revealed that the failure mode of the specimens which exhibited increased crack propagation rates was primarily intergranular while a transgranular mode was observed for specimens with lower crack propagation rates. The results point toward a synergistic relationship between thermomechanical history, precipitate formation, and hold time effects as the responsible mechanism for the crack propagation performance.
Barbara J. Bank, ed. Gender and Higher Education

The second edition of editor Barbara J. Bank's essay collection, Gender and Higher Education, is an important contribution to gender and higher-education studies. The encyclopedic text is divided i...
Euclidean Traveling Salesman Tours through Stochastic Neighborhoods

We consider the problem of planning a shortest tour through a collection of neighborhoods in the plane, where each neighborhood is a disk whose radius is an i.i.d. random variable drawn from a known probability distribution. This is a stochastic version of the classic traveling salesman problem with neighborhoods (TSPN). Planning such tours under uncertainty, a fundamental problem in its own right, is motivated by a number of applications including the following data gathering problem in sensor networks: a robotic data mule needs to collect data from n geographically distributed wireless sensor nodes whose communication range r is a random variable influenced by environmental factors.
The communication complexity of the Hamming distance problem

We investigate the randomized and quantum communication complexity of the HAMMING DISTANCE problem, which is to determine if the Hamming distance between two n-bit strings is no less than a threshold d. We prove a quantum lower bound of Ω(d) qubits in the general interactive model with shared prior entanglement. We also construct a classical protocol of O(d log d) bits in the restricted Simultaneous Message Passing model with public random coins, improving previous protocols of O(d2) bits [A.C.-C. Yao, On the power of quantum fingerprinting, in: Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, 2003, pp. 77-81], and O(d log n) bits [D. Gavinsky, J. Kempe, R. de Wolf, Quantum communication cannot simulate a public coin, quant-ph/0411051, 2004].
Dermatitis venenata from tree pollen oils; a clinical report.

Abstract 1.1. Pollen oil dermatitis is a recognizable entity. Dermatitis venenata due to tree pollen oil appears to be extremely rare. 2.2. Two cases of dermatitis venenata are reported, and observations are made on a third case in which the symptoms occurred coincident with the tree pollination period in Michigan. These patients had typical lesions of plant dermatitis on the exposed areas of their skin. The two patients tested gave positive patch reactions with the ether-soluble fraction of the tree pollens. 3.3. Oral hyposensitization with pollen oil caused an exacerbation out of season in the dermatitis of both patients, causing one patient to discontinue treatment. The second person treated by oral hyposensitization to tree pollen oil now is tolerating it well. 4.4. Testing for possible sensitivity to plant pollen oils in dermatitis venenata might well include representatives of tree pollen oils.
Different cytopathogenic effects observed in HeLa cells infected with herpes simplex virus.

Three types of cytopathogenicity produced by herpes simplex virus in HeLa cell cultures have been described. The predominant lesions produced are proliferative (P), rounding without proliferation (NP), and giant-cells with lysis (GC). The response of HeLa cells to infection with herpes virus strains producing each of these 3 types of cytopathogenicity has been studied quantitatively. The proliferative virus strain was characterized by a rapid increase in the number of cells while the strains producing the other two were characterized by a slight or profound decrease in cell numbers. The rate of virus release in each of these types is also reported. Some of the factors associated with the development of the three types of cytopathogenicity in HeLa as well as several other cell strains are recorded.
Neutron total cross sections for neutrons, protons and deuterons in the energy range of 90 to 150 MeV

Abstract The neutron total cross section for scattering by protons and deuterons has been measured to an accuracy of 2% in the energy range of 90 to 150 MeV. Monokinetic neutron beams were used and the results are therefore free of the systematic errors associated with many earlier measurements. The n–p cross sections agree with an earlier measurement of Taylor, but below 100 MeV they are several per cent larger than the results of Bowen et al . The difference between the neutron cross sections for deuterium and hydrogen are consistent with the results of Riddle et al. below 120 MeV. The neutron-neutron cross sections have been inferred, and they agree with the results of Riddle et al.
Use of a Pro-Fibrogenic Mechanism-Based Predictive Toxicological Approach for Tiered Testing and Decision Analysis of Carbonaceous Nanomaterials

Engineered carbonaceous nanomaterials (ECNs), including single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene, and graphene oxide (GO), are potentially hazardous to the lung. With incremental experience in the use of predictive toxicological approaches, seeking to relate ECN physicochemical properties to adverse outcome pathways (AOPs), it is logical to explore the existence of a common AOP that allows comparative analysis of broad ECN categories. We established an ECN library comprising three different types of SWCNTs, graphene, and graphene oxide (two sizes) for comparative analysis according to a cell-based AOP that also plays a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. SWCNTs synthesized by Hipco, arc discharge and Co-Mo catalyst (CoMoCAT) methods were obtained in their as-prepared (AP) state, following which they were further purified (PD) or coated with Pluronic F108 (PF108) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) to improve dispersal and colloidal stability. GO was prepared as two sizes, GO-small (S) and GO-large (L), while the graphene samples were coated with BSA and PF108 to enable dispersion in aqueous solution. In vitro screening showed that AP- and PD-SWCNTs, irrespective of the method of synthesis, as well as graphene (BSA) and GO (S and L) could trigger interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) production in myeloid (THP-1) and epithelial (BEAS-2B) cell lines, respectively. Oropharyngeal aspiration in mice confirmed that AP-Hipco tubes, graphene (BSA-dispersed), GO-S and GO-L could induce IL-1β and TGF-β1 production in the lung in parallel with lung fibrosis. Notably, GO-L was the most pro-fibrogenic material based on rapid kinetics of pulmonary injury. In contrast, PF108-dispersed SWCNTs and -graphene failed to exert fibrogenic effects. Collectively, these data indicate that the dispersal state and surface reactivity of ECNs play key roles in triggering a pro-fibrogenic AOP, which could prove helpful for hazard ranking and a proposed tiered testing approach for large ECN categories.
Terrorist Threat, Leadership, and the Vote: Evidence from Three Experiments

From 9/11 in the U.S. to train, subway, and airport bombings elsewhere, individuals frequently must make political decisions in the shadow of terrorist attacks. To date, few studies have examined how times of terror threat influence voters’ decision-making processes. Using data generated from three experiments we show that, in times of terrorist threat (compared to good times), individuals weight leadership more heavily in the voting booth. Our results also shed light on how much weight is given to other determinants of the vote (issues and partisanship) across these two conditions.
Infusing Evolutionary Perspectives

Questioning both the techno-centric approach of biotech and those who advocate blindly trying to mimic agriculture in nature's image, Denison argues that Darwinian insights are crucial to identify promising approaches to crop breeding and agricultural management.
Sedimentary petrology - A guide to paleohydrogeologic analyses, example of sandstones from northwest Gulf of Mexico

Abstract Petrographic data have rarely been used in hydrogeologic studies, yet the aquifer's rocks record to varying extents the history of rock-water interaction in the aquifer. Recognition of paleohydrogeologic regimes can provide insights into porosity and permeability trends, groundwater chemistry, the formation of petroleum and mineral deposits, and the extrapolation of hydrogeologic processes into the future (with applicability to problems of waste disposal). In the northwestern Gulf of Mexico Basin sandstones, diagenetic features are tabulated and related to paleohydrogeologic systems. Distinctive diagenetic patterns exist in the syndiagenetic, teleogenetic, and burial diagenetic regimes. Less well documented are the diagenetic patterns in sandstones within the low-grade metamorphic or free-convection regimes. These diagenetic features may be useable in other sandstone aquifers (or reservoirs) in identifying paleohydrogeologic systems and developing an aquifer's history. In the sandstones of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico (and probably in other passive continental margins), sandstone petrographic features are shown to record meteoric versus overpressured, compactional flow systems.
Nachhaltigkeit und Medienmanagement: Eine willkommene Perspektive

Die Medien und Medienmanager sind im 21. Jahrhundert mit noch nie da gewesenen Herausforderungen konfrontiert. Die Medienmanagementforschung hat von daher eine besonders wichtige und verantwortungsvolle Aufgabe, die Nachhaltigkeit der Medien in ihren Transformations- und Modernisierungsprozessen durch die praxisbezogenen Forschungsprojekte zu stutzen und zu gewahrleisten. Das Thema „Nachhaltigkeit“ ist neu fur die Medienmanagementforschung und bietet fur Wissenschaftler und Fachleute ein groses Potential. Daher begruse ich es sehr, dass diese Zeitschrift ein Forum fur dieses Thema bietet und die Wissenschaftler ermutigt, ihre Ideen auch weiterhin zu entwickeln, Risiken auf sich zu nehmen, sich bestehenden Annahmen zu stellen und den Bereich der Medienmanagementforschung damit voranzubringen. Viel Gluck wunsche ich dabei jedem der Teilnehmern dieses UmweltWirtschaftsForums.
Navigating barriers: A qualitative examination of the under-representation of Black females as head coaches in collegiate basketball

Abstract Although sport management researchers have produced findings with regard to diversity in the leadership positions of college athletics, this examination has focused separately on gender ( Inglis et al., 1996 , Inglis et al., 2000 ; Inglis, Danylchuk, & Pastore, 2000; Knoppers et al., 1991 , National Collegiate Athletic Association, 2009a , Sartore and Cunningham, 2007 ) or race ( Cunningham and Sagas, 2004a , Cunningham and Sagas, 2004b , Cunningham et al., 2001 , Cunningham et al., 2006 ). The current study, framed by intersectionality, identifies barriers contributing to the under-representation of Black women in head coaching jobs in Division I women's basketball in the United States. The assistant coaches cited access discrimination, lack of support, and prevalent stereotypes as barriers. In negotiating these barriers, the women discussed the importance of networking, mentoring and presenting “a proper image” for big-time athletics. To eradicate these barriers, the women recommended expanding job pools; more mentoring by athletic department personnel; and more development programs offered for young Black females.
Basics of polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering

This review article argues the case that there is a need for careful scaffold science for successful tissue engineering. Polymeric scaffolds should possess certain essential properties. However, these properties are not independent of each other and thus the development of a scaffold requires an optimization process. The article reviews several scaffold fabrication processes to highlight the complexity of the field. Issues related to porosity, permeability, and the need for adequate diffusion characteristics are discussed. Several previous studies on the effects of mixing in bioreactors are reviewed. Lastly, surface modification techniques are presented. In particular, recent work related to glow discharge gas plasma modification of biodegradable polymers is discussed.
Sensitivity of Synthetic Surfactants to Albumin Inhibition in Preterm Rabbits

Abstract Surfactant can be inhibited in vivo by plasma proteins invading the alveolar space during acute lung injury. The resistance to protein inhibition of surfactant preparations with various synthetic surfactant proteins B and C (B and C) was tested in preterm rabbits. Surfactants consisted of a palmitic acid containing phospholipid mixture (PL) with full-length SP-B peptide (B1-78), one of two SP-B mutants (Bserine and BR236C), the synthetic SP-B mimic KL4 (UCLA-KL4), a natural SP-B (Bbovine), synthetic palmitoylated SP-C peptide (C1-35), a combination of B1-78 + C1-35, a combination of BR236C + C1-35, and the clinical surfactant Survanta. Preterm rabbits born at 28 days of gestation were ventilated and received 100 mg/kg of albumin intratracheally at 30 min and 100 mg/kg of surfactant at 45 min after birth. Dynamic lung compliance (tidal volume/mean airway pressure) decreased from 0.82 to 0.57 mL/kg/cm H 2 O after albumin instillation and to 0.43 mL/kg/cm H 2 O over a 60-min period after saline placebo. Treatment with B1-78 + C1-35 and BR236C + C1-35 surfactant and Survanta returned dynamic compliance to prealbumin values, B1-78, BR236C, Bbovine, and C1-35 surfactant stabilized dynamic compliance, but PL, Bserine, and UCLA-KL4 surfactant were unable to prevent a further deterioration in dynamic compliance. These data suggest that a combination of synthetic surfactant peptides B1-78 and C1-35 and the clinical surfactant Survanta confer a high degree of resistance to surfactant inhibition by human albumin in ventilated preterm rabbits.
Effects of deposition parameters on the electrical and mechanical properties of indium tin oxide films on polyethylene napthalate substrates deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering

The mechanical and electrical properties of indium tin oxide films on polyethylene naphthalate substrates are critical to the development of flexible displays. In the present study, mechanical and electrical properties are studied as a function of processing conditions, including radio frequency (rf) power, substrate temperature, and substrate plasma treatment. The results show that substrate temperature has the largest impact on mechanical performance. The best electrical performance is obtained from high substrate temperature and high rf power, while the best mechanical performance is obtained from high substrate temperature and low rf power. Plasma treatment gases influence electrical and mechanical properties, with mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen gases producing the best results. This work provides better initial understanding of the relationship between sputter process conditions and film properties and their influence on electrical and mechanical performance.
A novel tau signature in neutrino telescopes

Kilometer-scale neutrino telescopes will detect muon and electron neutrinos from astrophysical sources at the TeV scale and above. Tau neutrinos are also expected from these sources due to neutrino oscillations over astrophysical baselines. Identification of tau neutrinos is expected to be possible above the PeV energy range through the double bang and lollipop signatures. We discuss another signature of tau in the PeV-EeV range, arising from the decay of tau leptons inside the detector to much brighter muons.
Enteric spore-forming opportunistic parasites in HIV / AIDS

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection causes progressive damage to both limbs of the immune system, which results in a plethora of opportunistic infections. Among the various opportunistic infections, gastrointestinal infections are very common in HIV / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Opportunistic spore-forming protozoal parasites, namely, Cryptosporidium parvum, Isospora belli, Cyclospora cayetanensis, and Microsporidia, play a major role in causing chronic diarrhea, accompanied with weight loss, in patients with HIV / AIDS. The purpose of this review is to discuss the salient microbiological, clinical, and diagnostic aspects of important enteric spore-forming opportunistic parasites in HIV / AIDS.
Optimization of the Quantized Coefficients for DDFS Utilizing Polynomial Interpolation Methods

In this brief, a novel method to find the optimized quantized coefficients for direct digital frequency synthesizers (DDFSs) based on polynomial interpolation methods is introduced. First, a new method is introduced to find the spurious-free dynamic-range upperbound for DDFSs with a polynomial interpolation method, utilizing the discrete Fourier transform and the Chebyshev minimax problem. This method can be modified to obtain quantized coefficients by employing mixed-integer linear programming. In this problem, the polynomial coefficients are presented in a positive sum of powers of two (SPT) and unsigned integer forms. The proposed method is used to design the linear interpolation-based DDFSs with nonuniform segmentations. The VLSI realizations of the designs with nonuniform segmentations are provided, where it is shown that they have a smaller silicon area and higher clock frequencies compared with the state-of-the-art designs reported in literature.
The dendrite growth kinetics of nickel-based alloys

Abstract The solidification velocity of several compositions of Ni–Ti and Ni–Sn alloys were measured as a function of undercooling by the direct imaging of levitated drops. During this investigation a plateau in the solidification velocity was observed at intermediate undercoolings as a direct result of the addition of tin and titanium to nickel. Past work has shown an additional solidification velocity plateau at high undercoolings can be attributed to residual oxygen solute. From these results, a logistic growth model for alloy solidification was developed that can describe the solidification velocity as a function of undercooling and reproduce the plateau behavior. Finally, it is shown that a logistic growth model is more accurate for describing the solidification of alloys than thermodynamic models based on the Ivanstov solution.
Lost in Translation: Cultural Interpretations of Performance Pay

No pay system should be put into practice unless it is congruent with the values of the people it will affect. Cross-cultural research suggests performance pay is a poor fit for some cultures, although its actual use is rising throughout these very same cultures. This seeming contradiction is investigated through an exploratory, qualitative analysis to understand how performance pay translates across cultures. Findings call for (a) appropriate level of cultural aggregation, (b) focus on pay equity construal rather than preference and (c) attention to specific dimensions of culture identified as potentially most predictive of equity construal.
Identification of Enhancer Binding Proteins Important for Myxococcus xanthus Development

Enhancer binding proteins (EBPs) control the temporal expression of fruiting body development-associated genes in Myxococcus xanthus. Eleven previously uncharacterized EBP genes were inactivated. Six EBP gene mutations produced minor but reproducible defects in fruiting body development. One EBP gene mutation that affected A-motility produced strong developmental defects.
Photobiology of natural populations of zooxanthellae from the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida: Assessment of the host's role in protection against ultraviolet radiation†‡

Natural populations of the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida containing endosymbiotic dinoflagellates were acclimated to different irradiance regimes, with and without ultraviolet radiation (UV). They showed a compensatory response in the amount of chlorophyll and the activities of enzymes responsible for detoxifying active species of oxygen that are produced by the interaction between visible or ultraviolet radiation and photosynthetically produced oxygen. Protection from active species of oxygen is essential to prevent the photooxidation of chlorophyll and the concomitant loss of productivity. Bulk analyses of chlorophyll showed differences between the populations exposed to varying irradiance regimes, but revealed no significant independent effect of UV. However, analysis by flow cytometry of the individual cells from treated populations did detect statistically significant differences in cell size and the amount of chlorophyll fluorescence per cell, which could be attributed to treatment with ultraviolet radiation. With flow cytometry we are able to detect the population variability that is undetectable by bulk measurements which is important in assessing the effects of environmental parameters in both symbiotic and free-living microalgae. Research using simultaneous measurements by flow cytometry could add considerable insight into the population dynamics of both zooxanthellae and host cells.