cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The meaning of work for young adults diagnosed with serious mental health conditions.

Objective: Despite the increased recognition of the importance of work for social and psychological well-being, the meaning of work for young adults with serious mental health conditions is understudied. This study uses a participatory action research approach to explore the economic, social and psy
Characterization and Reactions of [PPh4]3[Zr6Cl18H5] and Its Deprotonation Products

The octahedral hexazirconium cluster compound [PPh4]3[Zr6Cl18H5] has been structurally characterized by both neutron and X-ray single-crystal diffraction studies. The compound [PPh4]3[Zr6Cl18H5]·3CH2Cl2 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with unit cell parameters of a = 15.993(3), b = 22.237(3), and c = 14.670(4) A, α = 95.31(1), β = 112.07(2), and γ = 82.06(2)°, V = 4784(2) A3, and Z = 2 at ambient temperature and a = 15.780(6), b = 21.96(3), and c = 14.521(7) A, α = 94.96(8), β = 111.59(4), and γ = 81.72(5)°, V = 4627(11) A3, and Z = 2 at T = 15 K. The hydrogen atoms in the cluster anion, [Zr6Cl18H5]3-, were found to be distributed at the centers of the eight triangular faces of the Zr6 octahedron from neutron diffraction data. The occupancy parameters of the sites range from 0.32 to 0.92 with a total of 5.3(1) hydrogen atoms per cluster, close to the value from 1H NMR measurement (5.0). The average Zr−H distance is 1.96(4) A. A variable temperature 1H NMR study indicated that the cluster hyd...
Ethical Information Flows: Working with/against the Healthcare Industry's Fascination with Social Media

This experience report outlines a grant-funded project involving online training and resources for healthcare safety net organizations, or clinics that primarily treat low-income and underinsured populations. While the grant proposal was written with evaluative metrics using social media use as an indicator of impact of its offerings on communities served by these organizations, the technical communicator on the project urged more direct feedback from the users (here, representatives from the clinics themselves) in the form of user research. This report provides lessons learned for technical communicators involved in the development of e-health resources, including the need for the stakeholder buy-in for services such as content strategy and user research as a vital part of the success of online health education programs, rather than reliance on social media metrics as an evaluative metric of success of such programs.
Jura Novit Curia in International Human Rights Tribunals

Human rights bodies have been created to monitor compliance by states parties with the rights and obligations contained in their respective treaties. Such bodies generally have similar mandates to review periodic state reports, undertake inquiries, issue general comments or recommendations, and hear (optionally) complaints or communications by those persons claiming their rights were violated. This essay examines the juridical value of the resulting pronouncements made by the different human rights bodies. It examines the development over time of the practice of treaty bodies and pronouncements they themselves have made about the juridical value of their decisions, comments, and views. The conclusion undertakes an assessment of the notion of authoritativeness and the degree of deference owed by states to the pronouncements of human rights treaty bodies. The study indicates that the ambivalent, often reticent attitude of governments towards human rights law—revealed in the deliberately limited powers of treaty bodies—has failed to halt the creative development of procedures that allow for normative evolution and genuine scrutiny of compliance by states parties. The expansion of juridical status for the determinations of human rights bodies reflects the fact that effective promotion and protection of internationally guaranteed human rights requires a degree of international accountability, even if the role of international bodies is subsidiary to national implementation.
Foundations of SSA

In Chapter 2 we reviewed how to decompose a real, symmetric matrix into a product of simpler matrices while preserving the eigen-values of the original matrix. In Chapter 3 we examined how real, symmetric matrices arise from multivariate statistical analysis of data. These ideas are the starting point for understanding SSA.
RASA1 regulates the function of lymphatic vessel valves in mice

Capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM) is a blood and lymphatic vessel (LV) disorder that is caused by inherited inactivating mutations of the RASA1 gene, which encodes p120 RasGAP (RASA1), a negative regulator of the Ras small GTP-binding protein. How RASA1 mutations lead to the LV leakage defects that occur in CM-AVM is not understood. Here, we report that disruption of the Rasa1 gene in adult mice resulted in loss of LV endothelial cells (LECs) specifically from the leaflets of intraluminal valves in collecting LVs. As a result, valves were unable to prevent fluid backflow and the vessels were ineffective pumps. Furthermore, disruption of Rasa1 in midgestation resulted in LEC apoptosis in developing LV valves and consequently failed LV valvulogenesis. Similar phenotypes were observed in induced RASA1-deficient adult mice and embryos expressing a catalytically inactive RASA1R780Q mutation. Thus, RASA1 catalytic activity is essential for the function and development of LV valves. These data provide a partial explanation for LV leakage defects and potentially other LV abnormalities observed in CM-AVM.
Sonographic Criteria for Diagnosing Jarcho-Levin Syndrome:

This is a case study of Jarcho-Levin syndrome, which is a rare genetic disorder described as a malformation of bones in the spinal column and the ribs. This disorder can be an autosomal recessive o...
Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA): A Scoping Review

Introduction: The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA) requires group health plans and health insurance issuers provide mental health and substance use disorder financial requirements and treatment limitations that are no more restrictive than the predominant financial requirements or treatment limitations applied to substantially all medical/surgical benefits. Methods: Information databases (i.e., PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, PBSC, Business Source Premier) were systematically searched to identify studies evaluating MPHAEA effects on employer-sponsored health plans, employers, employees, and employee dependents. Results: In total, n =15 studies and surveys were included. MHPAEA effects were predominately assessed in terms of behavioral health products, contracting, and coverage, and scope of service, quantitative financial requirements/treatment limitations, non-quantitative treatment limitations, service use, out-of-pocket spending, and total spending. Conclusion: The distribution of products offered by health plans remained stable, and the most frequent change to services included expansion of benefits. More restrictive quantitative and non-quantitative financial requirements and treatment limitations generally declined. Service use and out-of-pocket spending findings were somewhat variable, although total spending generally increased modestly. Taken together, current evidence may represent conservative findings, because interim final regulations have primarily been evaluated, and not final regulations. Additional research may enhance ongoing Affordable Care Act (ACA) policy evaluations, while enhancing the ability of policymakers to implement efficient and effective health care practices.
Interprofessional Collaboration: A Qualitative Study of Non-Physician Perspectives on Resident Competency.

The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) includes the ability to collaborate in an interprofessional team as a core professional activity that trainees should be able to complete on day 1 of residency (Med Sci Educ. 26:797–800, 2016). The training that medical students require in order to achieve this competency, however, is not well established (Med Sci Educ. 26:457–61, 2016), and few studies have examined non-physician healthcare professionals’ perspectives regarding resident physicians’ interprofessional skills. This study aims to describe non-physicians’ views on barriers to collaboration with physicians, as well as factors that contribute to good collaborative relationships. Nurses, social workers, case managers, dietitians, rehabilitation therapists, and pharmacists at one academic medical center, largely working in the inpatient setting. A qualitative study design was employed. Data were collected from individual interviews and focus groups comprising non-physician healthcare professionals. Knowledge gaps identified as impeding interprofessional collaboration included inadequate understanding of current roles, potential roles, and processes for non-physician healthcare professionals. Specific physician behaviors that were identified as contributing to good collaborative relationships included mutual support such as backing up other team members and prioritizing multidisciplinary rounds, and communication including keeping team members informed, asking for their input, physicians explaining their rationale, and practicing joint problem-solving with non-physicians. Discussion of how physician trainees can best learn to collaborate as members of an interprofessional team must include non-physician perspectives. Training designed to provide medical students and residents with a better understanding of non-physician roles and to enhance mutual support and communication skills may be critical in achieving the AAMC’s goals of making physicians effective members of interprofessional teams, and thus improving patient-centered care. We hope that medical educators will include these areas identified as important by non-physicians in targeted team training for their learners.
Safety and Effectiveness of Palliative Tunneled Peritoneal Drainage Catheters in the Management of Refractory Malignant and Non-malignant Ascites

To determine the safety and effectiveness of tunneled peritoneal catheters in the management of refractory malignant and non-malignant ascites. An IRB-approved retrospective review was undertaken of patients who underwent ultrasound and fluoroscopy-guided tunneled peritoneal catheter placement for management of refractory malignant or non-malignant ascites between January 1, 2009, and March 14, 2014. A total of 137 patients (76 M/61 F, mean age 62.9 years) underwent tunneled peritoneal catheter placement for refractory malignant (N = 119; 86.9%) or non-malignant (N = 18; 13.1%) ascites. Technical success was 100% with no immediate complications. Nineteen patients (13.9%) experienced a total of 11 minor and 12 major complications. Nine patients developed a catheter-associated infection. The remaining complications included leakage at the dermatotomy site (N = 8), catheter dislodgement (N = 2), obstruction (N = 2), and groin pain (N = 2). Patients who developed a catheter-associated infection had a significantly longer catheter dwell time compared to those who did not develop an infection (median, 96.5 vs. 20 days; p < 0.01). Nine patients (6.6%) were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 128 patients, 125 died and the majority had a catheter in place (90.4%) at the time of death. There was one catheter-associated death (bacterial peritonitis; 0.8%). The median time from catheter placement to death was significantly shorter in patients with malignant versus non-malignant ascites (18.5 vs. 85 days; p < 0.0001). Tunneled peritoneal drainage catheters are effective and relatively safe in the management of malignant and non-malignant ascites. Longer catheter dwell time may be a risk factor for catheter-associated infection, particularly in patients with a longer anticipated survival in the palliative setting.
ABCA7 and Pathogenic Pathways of Alzheimer's Disease

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) reporter family functions to regulate the homeostasis of phospholipids and cholesterol in the central nervous system, as well as peripheral tissues. ABCA7 belongs to the A subfamily of ABC transporters, which shares 54% sequence identity with ABCA1. While ABCA7 is expressed in a variety of tissues/organs, including the brain, recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified ABCA7 gene variants as susceptibility loci for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). More important, subsequent genome sequencing analyses have revealed that premature termination codon mutations in ABCA7 are associated with the increased risk for AD. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia, where the accumulation and deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides cleaved from amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the brain trigger the pathogenic cascade of the disease. In consistence with human genetic studies, increasing evidence has demonstrated that ABCA7 deficiency exacerbates Aβ pathology using in vitro and in vivo models. While ABCA7 has been shown to mediate phagocytic activity in macrophages, ABCA7 is also involved in the microglial Aβ clearance pathway. Furthermore, ABCA7 deficiency results in accelerated Aβ production, likely by facilitating endocytosis and/or processing of APP. Taken together, current evidence suggests that ABCA7 loss-of-function contributes to AD-related phenotypes through multiple pathways. A better understanding of the function of ABCA7 beyond lipid metabolism in both physiological and pathological conditions becomes increasingly important to explore AD pathogenesis.
Predicting Remembering: Judgments of Prospective Memory After Traumatic Brain Injury.

Purpose Adults with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) often struggle with prospective memory (PM), the ability to remember to complete tasks in the future, such as taking medicines on a schedule. Met...
Intestinal strictures complicating preoperative radiation therapy followed by radical cystectomy

AbstractBetween January 1975 and January 1981,100 patients with invasive bladder cancer were evaluated for therapy. Of these patients 51 were selected for treatment with preoperative radiation therapy followed by radical cystectomy. Of 36 patients who actually completed the integrated therapy 4 (11 per cent) had clinical intestinal strictures. Three strictures occurred more than 24 months and 1 less than 6 months postoperatively. Strictures involved the colon in 3 cases and the ileum in 1. An operation was required in 2 cases. We present these 4 cases, and discuss the pathophysiology and treatment of the radiation-injured intestine.Our experience suggests that preoperative radiation therapy in conjunction with radical cystectomy may be associated with the development of clinically significant bowel injury. This factor should be considered in the decision to combine preoperative radiation therapy with radical cystectomy in the treatment of bladder cancer.
Growth of group A hemolytic streptococcus in the steady state.

The study in static cultures of the synthetic functions of bacteria and their growth is subject to serious limitations. These arise from the inability to specify and to insure constancy of various important cultural conditions such as growth rate, concentration of limiting metabolite and the concentrations of non-limiting metabolites when these are not present in large excess. In the case of acid-forming bacteria maintenance of a constant pH also constitutes a difficulty. This can be readily surmounted by the use of a pH-stat (Jacobsen and Leonis, 1951) but not without alteration of the ionic composition of the culture. The changing environment in static culture also limits the extent to which information derived in this way can be related to the metabolic activities of a microorganism maintained in the less variable environment of an infected host. The general solution to the limitations of static cultures is to be found in experimental arrangements which allow growth to proceed under steady-state conditions. A few years ago Monod (1950) and Novick and Szilard (1950) demonstrated the efficacy of continuous cultures (continuous dilution at constant volume) as a means of maintaining steady-state growth under controlled conditions. These authors described experimental devices for this purpose and considered some of the theoretical aspects of continuous cultures. They showed that it is possible to maintain a bacterial culture in a steady state in which the bacterial density and composition of medium remain constant as well as the rate of growth. Monod, particularly, emphasised the decisive advantages which steady-state kinetics provides for the investigation of various problems of bacterial physiology. Reference may be made to a recent review by Novick (1955) for a de1 This investigation was supported by a research grant (H-869) from the National Heart Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service. scription of other devices used to obtain steadystate cultures. Since we are concerned with synthetic proceses associated with the growth of the hemolytic streptococcus, especially the formation of proteins, it appeared that our investigations would be greatly facilitated if they were carried out with steady-state cultures. We have therefore applied the continuous-culture technique to this organism and found it possible to achieve steadystate growth under a variety of conditions and over a wide range of rate of growth. In this paper we describe the experimental arrangement, the composition of the medium and the operating procedures which were developed for our purpose. Several of the factors which determine the steady-state conditions as well as the effects of their variation will be illustrated by our experimental results.
Forms of Energy

Before you study the first law of thermodynamics, you must understand the different forms of energy. These forms include kinetic energy and potential energy, which are familiar to you. Not so familiar are the energy forms of internal energy, work, and heat, among others.
Examining if Sending Text Messages to Thank Blood Donors for Saving Lives Is a “Great Idea”? Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment

ABSTRACTTexting blood donors to thank them for saving lives has generated great enthusiasm, but do these messages increase donor return rates? In fact, nobody knows. We addressed this lack of evide...
A Multiscale Time Integration Method for Coupled Nonlinear Electrical-Thermal Simulation

The simulation of a coupled nonlinear electrical-thermal response in a high-power microwave (HPM) operation represents a highly multiscale problem in time. To address the temporal multiscale issue and account for the mutual coupling between the nonlinear electromagnetic (EM) response and the thermal variation, a multiscale time integration method is developed in this work. By utilizing the quasi-periodicity of the EM responses in consecutive operational cycles, the EM fields and the dissipated power calculated on the small time scale in one cycle can be extrapolated to tens of cycles away, while the thermal response is solved on its large time scale. With such a multiscale time integration, both the electrical and the thermal breakdown phenomena during the HPM operation can be captured.
Probability Redux: Stochastic Processes

Most of this book has focused on IID sequences of random variables. Now we consider sequences of dependent random variables. For example, daily temperatures will form a sequence of time-ordered random variables and clearly the temperature on one day is not independent of the temperature on the previous day.
The g factor of an electron in hydrogenlike carbon and the precision determination of the electron mass

The role of the bound electron Green function in the recent high precision determination of the electron mass is discussed. Emphasis is placed on the connection to Schwinger’s use of such Green fun...
Activating a Silver Lipoate Nanocluster with a Penicillin Backbone Induces a Synergistic Effect against S. aureus Biofilm.

Many antibiotic resistances to penicillin have been reported, making them obsolete against multiresistant bacteria. Because penicillins act by inhibiting cell wall production while silver particles...
Advances and current concepts in reconstructive surgery for breast cancer

In this article, we report on recent advancements in reconstructive care of the breast cancer patient. New developments in sensate breast reconstruction to help address the problem of numbness after mastectomy have emerged and show promise. Methods to restore lymphatic physiologic flow after axillary lymphadenectomy using supermicrosurgical techniques have begun to show benefit by reducing the short-term incidence of breast cancer related lymphedema (BRCL). Breast implant safety has received significant recent attention and we explore the emergence of BIA-ALCL (Breast Implant Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma) and its implications for the breast cancer patient and their multidisciplinary care team.
Catalytic Activity of a Zr MOF Containing POCOP-Pd Pincer Complexes

A metal–organic framework assembled from POCOP-Pd pincer complex metallolinkers (1-PdBF4, Zr6O4(OH)4(L-PdMeCN)3(BF4)3, L = (2,6-(OPAr2)2C6H3, Ar = p-C6H4CO2–) has been generated via postsynthetic o...
The Palliative Performance Scale predicts mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Background:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a substantial mortality risk with increased rates in the elderly. We hypothesized that age is not sufficient, and that frailty measured by preadmi...
Refusing a compulsory want for revenge, or, teaching against retributive justice with liberatory pedagogy

Retributive justice serves as a punitive foundation on which Western education is organized. It relies on paternalistic notions of moral goodness with the teacher embodying moral perfection and aca...
"The White Paper on Damages Actions for Breach of the EU Antitrust Rules" (Title in Greek: "Η Λευκή Βίβλος Σχετικά Με Τις Αγωγές Αποζημίωσης Για Παραβίαση Της Αντιμονοπωλιακής Νομοθεσίας Της ΕE")

The European Commission’s White Paper on "Damages actions for breach of the EC antitrust rules," proposed to the member-states the adoption of concrete measures as regards a number of issues pertaining to the satisfaction of relevant claims. This article aims to the critical presentation and analysis of the policy proposals included in the White Paper. It also intends to contribute to the continuance of the dialogue taking place on a European level with regard to the significant reforms in the national legislation of the member states, which a respective Directive would render necessary. In this respect, the paper, drafted in Greek, discusses extensively the main policy proposals of the White Paper and in particular comments on the issues of: indirect buyers and collective redress, access to evidence and inter-partes disclosure, binding effect of NCA decisions, fault as a pre-requisite for liability, damages and computation thereof, the passing-on defence, prescription, costs and the relation between private actions and the leniency program.
Late Seroma and Hematomas in Aesthetic Breast Surgery

Complications following aesthetic breast surgery can range from minor to major requiring reoperation. However, surgeons are most frequently plagued with fluid accumulation complications such as seroma and hematoma. These common issues arise in a myriad of time frames following surgery, and their presentation and treatment vary based on when they appear. The goals of this chapter are to provide a detailed discussion of the risk factors, presentation, and management of late seroma and hematoma in aesthetic breast surgery. This chapter will provide plastic surgeons with the key tools to prevent when possible or, if present, to recognize and manage appropriately.
Repair of Para-conduit Hernia

Para-conduit herniation is a rare and challenging complication following esophagectomy. While many para-conduit hernias are noted incidentally on postoperative surveillance imaging, they can occasionally present with severe symptoms. We recommend surgical treatment in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The majority of these hernias can be approached laparoscopically. For large defects, mesh is typically required to create a tension-free repair, but several other strategies may also be employed.
12.5 kV GaN Super-Heterojunction Schottky Barrier Diodes

This article reports GaN super-heterojunction Schottky barrier diodes (SHJ-SBDs) with substantially improved performance. Metal-2DEG sidewall n-ohmic contacts were deployed to achieve low contact resistance of $0.75~\Omega ~ \cdot ~mm$ , avoiding the risk of abnormally high contact resistance caused by inaccurate etch depth control. A pGaN notch formed near the cathode successfully eliminated excessive hole conduction caused by the sidewall n-ohmic contact. Isolation was improved by a high-energy Al implantation step. The resulting SHJ-SBD exhibited a breakdown voltage (BV) of ~12.5 kV and a specific resistance of 100.8 $\text{m}\Omega ~ \cdot ~cm^{2}$ .
Theory of Bands, Bonds, and Optical Properties of Semiconductors

This paper reviews and comments on the major developments in the area of optical properties of semiconductors. The focus is on the interpretation of structure in optical spectra in terms of inter-band transitions. Franco Bassani contributed pioneering papers in this important field which, in turn, had a large influence on our present understanding of the electronic structure of semiconductors and of solids in general.
Human/Human Conversation Understanding

While the term spoken language understanding mostly refers to the understanding of spoken utterances directed at machines, as they are more constrained, recent progress in recognition and understanding the human/human conversations and multi-party meetings is not negligible. While there is significant amount of previous work on discourse processing especially in social sciences (such as in the field of conversation analysis), processing human/human conversations is a relatively newer area for spoken language processing. In this chapter we focus on two-party and multi-party human/human conversation understanding approaches, mainly focusing on discourse modeling, speech act modeling, and argument diagramming. We also try to point the bridge studies using human/human conversations for building better human/machine conversational systems or using the approaches for human/machine understanding for better human/human understanding and vice versa.
The Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Isodiametra Pulchra and Stenostomum Virginianum

The purpose of this study is to compare the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway (Hh) in the acoelmorphan, Isodiametra pulchra (Ipul) and the flatworm Stenostomum virginianum (Svirg). The former occupies a p...
Optical Imaging of the Nearshore

Abstract : The long term goal of neashore processes research has been to develop a predictive understanding of the fluid dynamics of a random wave field shoaling over the complicated bathymetry of a natural beach, and the response of the beach to those overlying wave and current motions. Traditionally, this has involved forward prediction based on models and seed data. However, it has now been broadly recognized that prediction of nonlinear systems such as the nearshore will inevitably fail at long time scales, so that knowledge of a coastal environment will depend on frequent data updates, likely acquired through innovative remote sensing techniques.
Universal design with mobile app development: Bridging the Gap for the forgotten populations

In the last decades, the world has witnessed a record in the use of mobile technologies where there is almost as many mobile subscriptions as people in the world. In addition, almost two-thirds of smartphone users access the internet through their phones. The progression in mobile communications has spurred high interest in developing applications for this crucial market. Everyday millions of applications are developed and made available through the different appstores, i.e., Google Play, Apple store, BlackBerry World, etc. With 91% of Americans owning one or more cellphones, this is a crucial market to tap into for application developers. Due to progress in the health sciences and people awareness of the importance of following a healthier lifestyle, people are living longer leading to a demographic change where more and more nations have rapidly growing aging population. Thus, there will be a shortage of doctors to care for this fast growing aging population. Moreover, as the population ages managing multiple chronic diseases becomes a daily challenge. Also, given the size of the population, many more people will be diagnosed with dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Hence, proper measures are needed to encourage this population to act and think independently while taking advantage of what current technologies are offering. This paper will focus on developing mobile applications targeted for assisting select underserved audiences with affordable emerging technologies on Android and iOS platforms. These mobile apps address areas such as medical, social, and practical needs of the consumers, as well as their caregivers. Additionally, college computing students need to learn to create applications that are universally designed for all ages in terms of fonts, colors, buttons, etc.
Purification and characterization of a Bacteroides loeschei adhesin that interacts with procaryotic and eucaryotic cells.

Abstract The adhesin of Bacteroides loeschei PK1295 that mediates coaggregation with Streptococcus sanguis 34 and hemagglutination of erythrocytes was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The lectinlike protein has an estimated native Mr of 450,000 and consists of six subunits of identical molecular weight (Mr 75,000). The purified adhesin appears to be a basic protein with a pI between 7.4 and 8.0. Amino acid and N-terminal sequence analyses were carried out with the purified protein. These indicated that the protein contains a large number of Asx and Glx residues as well as basic amino acid residues. The binding site of the pure adhesin retained its native configuration during purification. When preincubated with streptococcal partner cells at pH 4.6, the adhesin prevented B. loeschei cells from coaggregating with the streptococci. An adhesin preparation adjusted to a pH of 6.8 rapidly agglutinated both streptococci and neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes. Galactosides inhibited the agglutination reactions.
Twenty Years of Confidentiality Under the Texas ADR Act

In this article, Professor Shannon highlights some of the key decisions from the preceding two decades interpreting sections 154.053 and 154.073 of the 1987 Texas ADR Procedures Act involving confidentiality protection.
Rapid movement of axonal neurofilaments interrupted by prolonged pauses

Axonal cytoskeletal and cytosolic proteins are synthesized in the neuronal cell body and transported along axons by slow axonal transport, but attempts to observe this movement directly in living cells have yielded conflicting results. Here we report the direct observation of the axonal transport of neurofilament protein tagged with green fluorescent protein in cultured nerve cells. Live-cell imaging of naturally occurring gaps in the axonal neurofilament array reveals rapid, intermittent and highly asynchronous movement of fluorescent neurofilaments. The movement is bidirectional, but predominantly anterograde. Our data indicate that the slow rate of slow axonal transport may be the result of rapid movements interrupted by prolonged pauses.
GRMHD simulations of magnetized advection‐dominated accretion on a non‐spinning black hole: role of outflows

We present results from two long-duration general relativistic magneto-hydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of advection-dominated accretion around a non-spinning black hole. The first simulation was designed to avoid significant accumulation of magnetic flux around the black hole. This simulation was run for a time of 200 000 GM/c3 and achieved inflow equilibrium out to a radius ∼90 GM/c2. Even at this relatively large radius, the mass outflow rate is found to be only 60 per cent of the net mass inflow rate into the black hole. The second simulation was designed to achieve substantial magnetic flux accumulation around the black hole in a magnetically arrested disc. This simulation was run for a shorter time of 100 000 GM/c3. Nevertheless, because the mean radial velocity was several times larger than in the first simulation, it reached inflow equilibrium out to a radius ∼170 GM/c2. Here, becomes equal to at r ∼ 160 GM/c2. Since the mass outflow rates in the two simulations do not show robust convergence with time, it is likely that the true outflow rates are lower than our estimates. The effect of black hole spin on mass outflow remains to be explored. Neither simulation shows strong evidence for convection, though a complete analysis including the effect of magnetic fields is left for the future.
NetPolicy.com: Public Agenda for a Digital World

In NetPolicy.Com, Leslie David Simon offers a panoramic view of the Internet's cyclonic effects on national and global institutions, ranging from government and finance to health care, education and industry. To cope with this digital revolution, the author provides a comprehensive prescription for crucial public policy needs. Beginning with the worldwide struggle between government control and private sector leadership of the Net, he looks at the basic properties of the Net: its disregard of national boundaries; its virtual nature; and its impacts on the global economy, democracy, money, power, ecology, and culture. The book asks how we can encourage the healthy growth of the Net and avoid its darker side effects. Examining the current approaches of numerous governments and international organizations, NetPolicy.Com covers such critical issues as privacy, free expression, access, international trade, security, taxation, telecommunications regulation, legal frameworks, and government research. NetPolicy.Com takes a non-ideological view, examining each issue on its own merits, sometimes accepting government involvement, as with advanced research, and sometimes favoring private sector control, as in the book's call for an end to telecommunications regulation or its opposition to government censorship. Above all, the book asserts that the unique American embrace of free expression, open markets, and private initiative will keep the U.S. in the vanguard of cyberspace, provided the private sector acts responsibly. Closed, non-democratic societies, the author asserts, will fall ever further behind, economically, politically, and culturally.
Restricted-Recourse Bounds for Stochastic Linear Programming

We consider the problem of bounding the expected value of a linear program (LP) containing random coefficients, with applications to solving two-stage stochastic programs. An upper bound for minimizations is derived from a restriction of an equivalent, penalty-based formulation of the primal stochastic LP, and a lower bound is obtained from a restriction of a reformulation of the dual. Our "restricted- recourse bounds" are more general and more easily computed than most other bounds because random coefficients may appear anywhere in the LP, neither independence nor boundedness of the coefficients is needed, and the bound is computed by solving a single LP or nonlinear program. Analytical examples demonstrate that the new bounds can be stronger than complementary Jensen bounds. (An upper bound is "complementary" to a lower bound, and vice versa). In computational work, we apply the bounds to a two-stage stochastic program for semiconductor manufacturing with uncertain demand and production rates.
Bilateral oblique facial clefts and extremity anomaly in an infant after intrauterine efavirenz exposure and review of its teratogenic risk

Objective Congenital anomalies may be caused by genetic or environmental factors or a combination of both. Oblique facial clefts are very rare congenital deformities. The occurrence of facial clefts and an extremity anomaly suggests a common underlying cause. Lateral oro-ocular clefts do not occur along normal developmental planes and may be part of the amnion disruption complex sequence. Our objective was to report a case of this very event, which also followed an unusual intrauterine exposure and review the literature on the teratogenic risk of efavirenz. Study design We report a case of amniotic rupture sequence after fetal HIV and antiretroviral exposure. Result Teratogenic exposure has been rarely reported and never after antiretroviral exposure. Conclusion By reporting and registering more cases, we will be able to better assess the risks such medications pose to the developing fetus. The publication of a single case report has the potential to contribute to our knowledge of the significance of prenatal exposure to antiretrovirals and other medications for common HIV-associated disorders. It also generates a hypothesis that can be tested with further clinical data, animal models and epidemiologic studies.
Population modeling for pest management studies

Abstract Modeling for crop insect pest management studies requires detailed attention to age- and stage-specific effects. Compartmental models with time delays produced by impulse response functions and proper attention to age density distribution functions provide for the needed generality and precision. Data required for such models include emergence and mortality functions, initial populations, and initial age density distribution functions.
Notes on bridged-T complex conjugate compensation and 4-terminal network loading

MANY servo systems possess open-loop transfer functions which contain one or more pairs of complex conjugate poles. Often a pair of these complex conjugate poles will lie close to the imaginary axis and will cause the uncompensated system to possess a relatively poor damping ratio or damping exponent. Usually, satisfactory compensation of such systems can be achieved through the use of tachometer feedback or the conventional compensators possessing real axis singularities. However, there are occasions when complex conjugate singularity compensation would possess distinct advantages. This is particularly true if the compensating complex singularities can be introduced by a simple R-C (resistance-capacitance) passive network with zero d-c attenuation.
Kinetics of micelle dissociation by a light-scattering temperature jump method

Abstract The temperature-jump relaxation method now widely used in fast reaction kinetics has been modified for application to micellar kinetics. Time-dependent intensities of scattered white light following a 9° temperature jump, have been separately measured for aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, dodecylammonium chloride, and dodecylpyridinium iodide. First-order dissociation rate constants have been computed from the observed relaxation times for micelles of each of these three ionic surfactants. These dissociation rate constants range from 4 sec−1 at 35°C for dodecyl-ammonium chloride and 17 sec−1 at 45°C for sodium dodecyl sulfonate up to 120 sec−1 at 35°C for dodecylpyridinium iodide. These numerical values include uncertainties in the aggregation numbers from which they were calculated.
Human Performance—A Pilot Study

(1973). Human Performance—A Pilot Study. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society: Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 190-196.
A local convergence theory for combined inexact-Newton/finite-difference projection methods

Finite-difference versions of some recently developed Krylov subspace projection methods are presented and analysed in the context of solving systems of nonlinear equations using Inexact-Newton Met...
EFFECT OF TREE CANOPY REMOVAL BY GYPSY MOTH LARVAE ON THE MACROALGAE OF A RHODE ISLAND HEADWATER STREAM1

sfmng-Jed, hendwatpr stream iu central Rhode htand was exfimiued during the period from June to October, 1979 to 1982. In the first two .iummen, a dense riparian canopy reduced the light penetration nt the stream surface to a range of 5 to 18% of incident radiation. Thf lotic inacroalgnf community- during this period was limited to 1 to 4 species coirring < I to 55^c of the stream bottom. Howex'er, in June and July, 1981, the surrounding leaf canopy was removed h\ a massive gyp.s\ moth larval out- break. Light penetration to the stream during this summer increased to 737c by early July, thereby resulting in a rise in water temperatures by 3.7*'C. Even though there was a partial regrowth of leaves in late July and August of 1981, macroalgal cover values continued to rise to an early August peak of 80%. During the third summer, 88% of the macroalgal abundance could be attributed to illu- mination and water temperature. The filamentous diatom F.unotia prctinalis (O.F. Miill.) Rabh. teas the predom- inant species in the midsummer of all four years, account- ing for at least 60% of the total cover. In 1981. an im- portant taxon was the desmid Hyalotheca dissilicns (5. Smith) Breb., a species which was not seen in other years. A less sei'ere gyps\ moth defoliation occurred in 1982 but did not produce significant differences in light, tempera- ture or macroalgal cover from 1979and 1980. Theresults indicate that light and temperature can be limiting during the summer in springfed, headwater streams and that seed populations of some species are present in unrletect- able lex'els during these periods of suboptimal growth con- ditions, in addition, it appears that stream macroalgal communities can be quiie re.silient, recovering rapidly fol- lou*ing a major perturbation.
Compositional-tailoring of optical properties in IR transparent chalcogenide glasses for precision glass molding

The structural and optical properties of AsSe chalcogenide glass, starting with As40Se60, were studied as a function of Ge or Se additions. These elements provide broad glass forming options when combined with the host matrix to allow for compositional tuning of properties. Optimization of glass composition has been shown to produce bulk glasses with a thermoptic coefficient (dn/dT) equal to zero, as well as a composition which could demonstrate a net zero change in index after precision glass molding (PGM). The bulk glass density, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), refractive index, and dn/dT were measured for all bulk compositions, as was the refractive index after PGM. For the bulk glasses examined, both the refractive index (measured at discrete laser wavelengths from 3.4 to10.6 μm) and dn/dT were observed to decrease as the molecular percentage of either Ge or Se is increased. Compared to the starting glass’ network, additions of either Ge or Se lead to a deviation from the “optimally constrained” binary glass’ average coordination number = 2.4. Additions of Se or Ge serve to decrease or increase the average coordination number (CN) of the glass, respectively, while also changing the network’s polarizability. After a representative PGM process, glasses exhibited an “index drop” consistent with that seen for oxide glasses. 1 Based on our evaluation, both the Gecontaining and Ge-free tielines show potential for developing unique compositions with either a zero dn/dT for the unmolded, bulk glass, as well as the potential for a glass that demonstrates a net zero “index drop” after molding. Such correlation of glass chemistry, network, physical and optical properties will enable the tailoring of novel compositions suitable for prototyping towards targeted molding behavior and final properties.
Block polymers from isocyanate‐terminated intermediates. II. Preparation of butadiene–ϵ‐caprolactam and styrene–ϵ‐caprolactam block polymers

Polystyrene–nylon 6 and polybutadiene–nylon 6 block copolymers have been prepared from isocyanate-terminated prepolymers. From extraction and fractionation data the products obtained were found to be mixtures of both homopolymers and pure block copolymer. The polybutadiene–nylon 6 copolymers are extremely pliable at ambient temperatures even at high ϵ-caprolactam contents (70–80 wt-%). This is true even though these copolymers show a crystalline melting point at 213°C similar to poly-ϵ-caprolactam. Presumably this unusual behavior occurs because of the nature of the synthesis which renders the butadiene portion of these copolymers the continuous phase. Plasticity measurements indicate that pliability is dependent on the molecular weight of the block poly-ϵ-caprolactam.
Effects of female adolescent locus of control on shopping behaviour, fashion orientation and information search

This study investigates the effects of female adolescent locus of control on attitudes towards shopping, fashion orientation and information search in the United States. The results indicate that female teenagers possessing an external locus of control orientation are more likely to prefer shopping in small clothing stores and are more prone to be loyal to known clothing brands than female teenagers possessing an internal locus of control orientation. Externals are also less likely to preplan their shopping trips, less likely to exhibit fashion innovativeness, less likely to be fashion opinion leaders and less likely either to desire or to search for fashion-related information. Implications for retailers in both the US and abroad as well as future research directions of these results are discussed.
‘Comparing productivity growth: an exploration of french and U.S. industrial and firm data’ by Z. Griliches and J. Mairesse

This is a valuable paper. It shoots down several explanations of the productivity growth slowdown. However, it does not leave us with an alternative approach. The paper is in halves: the first is an analysis of twodigit manufacturing industries in the U.S. and France, and the second takes a look at data on individual firms. The two-digit industry data serves to demolish three popular theories. Griliches and Mairesse show first that neither a decline in physical capital accumulation nor a decline in intangible capital accumulation (R&D capital) can account for the productivity growth slowdown. The third theory to go is the Bruno materials hypothesis. Comparing the U.S. and France, the authors find that the price of material inputs grew no more in the U.S. than in France, while materials use fell more sharply in France. And yet the slowdown was noticeably more severe in the U.S. A variety of regressions fails to show that movements in the price or quantities of materials across different industries can explain why some industries slowed more than others. The second half of the paper is interesting to read it gives a flavor of the distribution of productivity growth across firms. But there are not a lot of hard results in it. The authors do find an association between rapid productivity growth and both rapid capital accumulation and high R&D to sales ratios. That is worth knowing, although it may simply follow from the fact that successful firms have money to spend on investment and R&D. in particular, I do not really understand a production function in which the R&D to sales ratio determines productivity growth. Their measure of the stock of R&D capital is not associated with rapid productivity growth. Further, I have a couple of problems with the methods used in the paper. First, I am skeptical about the use of a gross output production function. The example of the motor vehicle industry can illustrate. In the U.S. in 1972, gross output of industry 371 (motor vehicles and equipment) was $65.2
Enforcing OSHA: The Role of Labor Unions

This study examines the role of unions in implementing the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) by using a data set that provides information on regulatory enforcement. The analysis demonstrates that unionized establishments are more likely to receive safety and health inspections, face greater scrutiny in the course of those inspections, and pay higher penalties for violating health and safety standards than comparable nonunion establishments. Implementation of OSHA therefore seems highly dependent upon the presence of a union at the workplace.