cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of NO motion in solid-state [Co(tetraphenylporphinato)(NO)].

The temperature dependence of the crystalline phase of (nitrosyl)(tetraphenylporphinato)cobalt(II), [Co(TPP)(NO)], has been explored over the temperature range of 100−250 K by X-ray diffraction experiments. The crystalline complex is found in the tetragonal crystal system at higher temperatures and in the triclinic crystal system at lower temperatures. In the tetragonal system, the axial ligand is strongly disordered, with the molecule having crystallographically required 4/m symmetry, leading to eight distinct positions of the single nitrosyl oxygen atom. The phase transition to the triclinic crystal system leads to a partial ordering with the molecule now having inversion symmetry and disorder of the axial nitrosyl ligand over only two positions. At an intermediate temperature near the transition point, a transition structure in which the ordering observed at lower temperatures is only partially complete has been characterized. The increase in ordering allows subtle molecular geometry features to be obs...
Comorbidity of Dementia and Psychiatric Disorders in Older Persons

To further investigate the relationship between psychiatric disorders and dementia in elderly patients, the authors drew a population-based, age-stratified random sample from residents of Rochester, Minnesota, age 65 and older. A trained paramedic completed a 90-minute screening interview, including the Symptom Checklist-90, Mini-Mental State Exam, and Auditory-Verbal Learning Test. Persons failing the screens were interviewed by a psychiatrist and a neurologist. DSM-III-R diagnoses were assigned for dementia and other psychiatric disorders. Of 201 participants, 37 were evaluated further by both neurologist and psychiatrist. One received a psychiatric diagnosis alone. Dementia alone was present in four people. Concurrent psychiatric diagnoses and dementia were found in 17 subjects. Much of the psychopathology found in older persons occurs in people with cognitive impairment. Current diagnostic nosology may not be able to capture the interrelatedness of psychiatric syndromes and cognitive impairment in elderly patients.
The nature and fate of natural resins in the geosphere—iii. re-evaluation of the structure and composition of highgate copalite and glessite

Abstract The results of GC-MS, Py-GC-MS and spectroscopic (solid state 13 C NMR) studies of the structure and composition of two resinites, viz. Highgate Copalite and Glessite , which have been previously described as “fossil elemi” are described. GC-MS analyses of Highgate Copalite establish that this resinite is composed of a simple mixture of diterpenoid resin acids and n -alkyl materials. Based on comparison of these data with similar data obtained by analysis of modern rosin, it is concluded that this resinite is most probably derived from the resin of an undetermined species of pine. In order to accomodate resinites of this general character, it is proposed that an additional class, viz: Class V, be added to the classification system for resinites which we have previously proposed (Anderson et al. , 1992). Py-GC-MS analysis of Glessite establish that this material is a typical Class Ia resinite closely related to Succinite (“normal” or “typical” Baltic Amber). It is concluded that the previously assigned structural character of these two resinites is open to question.
The memory-modulatory effects of glucocorticoids depend on an intact stria terminalis.

This study examined the effects of stria terminalis (ST) lesions on glucocorticoid-induced modulation of memory formation for inhibitory avoidance training and spatial learning in a water maze. Systemic (s.c.) posttraining injections of the glucocorticoid receptor agonist dexamethasone (0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg) enhanced memory for inhibitory avoidance training in rats with sham ST lesions. Removal of the adrenal glands (adrenalectomy; ADX) significantly impaired spatial memory in a water maze, and immediate posttraining injections of dexamethasone (0.3 mg/kg) attenuated the memory impairment. Bilateral lesions of the ST did not significantly affect retention of these two tasks. However, ST lesions did block the effects of short-term ADX and dexamethasone administration on memory for both tasks. These results are similar to those of previous experiments examining the effects of lesions of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala on the glucocorticoid-induced modulation of memory for both tasks. These findings suggest that the integrity of the ST, which connects the amygdala with other brain structures, is essential for the modulating effects of glucocorticoids on memory storage.
The effect of glucocorticoid administration on human pituitary secretion of thyrotropin and prolactin.

Abstract In order to determine the mechanism by which glucocorticosteroids decrease the serum concentration of thyrotropin (TSH), we studied eight normal subjects before and after they received 16 mg of dexamethasone daily for 2½ days. Serum levels of TSH and prolactin (PRL) were measured in the basal state and in response to the intravenous administration of 200 μg thyrotropinreleasing hormone (TRH); T4, free T4 (fT4), T3, and free T3 (fT3) were measured before TRH injection. Metabolic clearance rates of TSH corrected for body surface area (MCR-TSH/m2) were determined by the method of constant infusion to equilibrium; the production rates of TSH (PR-TSH/m2) were calculated. Dexamethasone produced a decrease in basal TSH from 2.2 to 0.8 μU/ml (P < 0.02), a statistically insignificant elevation in MCR-TSH/m2 from 25.8 to 34.1 ml/min/m2, and a decrease in PRTSH/m2 from 79 to 30 mU/day/m2 (P < 0.01). Peak TSH response to TRH decreased from 16.4 to 5.8 μU/ml (P < 0.005), as did TSH reserve from 1.58 to 0.54 m...
Rethinking Bourgeois Revolutions Transformations of the World-System, 1730-1840s

The appearance of Volume Four of Immanu el Wallerstein's The Modern World-System marks the completion of one of the major scholarly contributions of the past fifty years. The University of California Press is to be congratulated for making the complete work available, especially to a younger gen eration of graduate students and scholars. The Modern World-System is an ambitious if not audacious work that is at once complex and demanding. It attempts to accomplish two things simultaneously. On the one hand, it puts forth the theoretical and meth odological foundations for a new unified historical social science. On the other hand, it is a monumental but highly compressed interpretation of the history of the capitalist world-economy, and through that lens, world history, over the past five hundred years. The two tasks are closely related but they are not identical. In the prologue to the new edition, Wallerstein calls attention to what he sees as the major issues entailed in Volume Three, The Second Era of Great Expansion of the Capitalist World-Economy, 1730s-1840s and capably defends his posi tions. Here I am less concerned with his his
EARLY CEREBRAL NEUROPROTECTION BY MATERNALLY-ADMINISTERED MAGNESIUM SULFATE(MgSO 4 ) IN PRETERM INFANTS IS RELATED TO INITIAL POSTNATAL SERUM MAGNESIUM (Mg) LEVELS. 1504

EARLY CEREBRAL NEUROPROTECTION BY MATERNALLY-ADMINISTERED MAGNESIUM SULFATE(MgSO 4 ) IN PRETERM INFANTS IS RELATED TO INITIAL POSTNATAL SERUM MAGNESIUM (Mg) LEVELS. 1504
Interactional effects between adsorbates on metal single-crystals

The interactions between CO species chemisorbed on Ni (111) and the interactions between CO and S on S-poisoned Ni (111) have been studied by using infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy. For CO chemisorption on the clean surface, evidence for long-range chemical interactions is presented in which donor-acceptor effects prevail in determining CO hybridization states. For CO chemisorption on S-poisoned Ni (111) , evidence for the influence of local electrostatic effects in the vicinity of the S atom is presented. Slightly longer range S....CO interactions also occur, removing the CO chemisorption ability of next-neighbour Ni sites to S. These two interaction mechanisms extend over about six Ni atom neighbours to S. Surface Penning ionization electron spectroscopy has been used to probe the filled molecular orbitals of chemisorbed CO on Ni (111) , and direct evidence for the involvement in chemisorption of the CO 2n* orbitals is found, both on the clean N i(111) surface and on K + Ni (111).
‘Cast Out the Slave Woman and her Son’: The Dynamics of Exclusion and Inclusion in Galatians 4.30

Traditionally, the exclusionary command of Gal. 4.30 has been interpreted as proclaiming the exclusion of Jews from salvation, and more recently as commanding the Galatians to cast out the circumcising missionaries and their followers. Tracing the denotations of the respective mothers and sons in Paul’s ‘allegory’, and noting in particular the singular form of the imperative in v. 30, this article offers an alternative interpretation: in Gal. 4.30, as in Gal. 3.8, Paul’s converts overhear Scripture preaching the gospel to Abraham. The proclamation that the fulfillment of the promise comes only through divine faithfulness rather than through any human activity functions as a warning directed at those Galatians seeking circumcision.
Transcervical transmastoid approach to lesions of the jugular bulb.

• Traditional approaches to the jugular bulb principally designed for the extirpation of tumors of the skull base, such as chemodectomas, require a transmastoid approach with transposition of the facial nerve. Such manipulation of the nerve commonly leads to some postoperative impairment. The transmastoid transcervical approach, in which the patient's head is acutely flexed forward, the skull base muscles are separated from their origins, and a retrofacial dissection is performed, permits access to the jugular bulb between the undersurface of the skull and C-1. ( Arch Otolaryngol 1984;110:309-314)
Supreme Court Review of the Affordable Care Act: The Future of Health Care Reform and Practice of Gastroenterology

After decades of failed attempts to enact comprehensive health care reform, President Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act into law on March 23, 2010. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) has been regarded as the most significant piece of domestic policy legislation since the establishment of Medicare in 1965. The ACA would cover an estimated 32 of the 50 million uninsured Americans by expanding Medicaid, providing subsidies to lower income individuals, establishing health insurance exchanges, and restricting insurance companies from excluding patients from coverage. The ACA also includes many payment and health care delivery system reforms intended to improve quality of care and control health care spending. Soon after passage of the ACA, numerous states and interest groups filed suits challenging its legality. Supreme Court consideration was requested in five cases and the Supreme Court selected one case, brought by 26 states, for review. Oral arguments were heard this spring, March 26–28. The decision will have far reaching consequences for health care in America and the practice of gastroenterology for decades to come. This article reviews the four major issues before the Supreme Court and implications for health care reform and future practice of gastroenterology. Payment reforms, increased accountability, significant pressures for cost control, and new care delivery models will significantly change the future practice of gastroenterology. With these challenges however is a historic opportunity to improve access to care and help realize a more equitable, sustainable, and innovative health care system.
Toxic encephalopathy in a child following theinternal administration of potassium chlorate and sulpharsphenamine

U 'NDER certain circumstances it is justifiable to use toxic drugs therapeutically. There are relatively mild conditions, however, i~ which such measures are employed at times by physicians in their zeal to "do something." One of these conditions is ulcerative stomatitis caused by the Vincent's organism in which oxidizing agents are usually employed. Of these sodium perborate, hydrogen peroxide, and potassium chlorate are frequently used. In addition spirachetieidal drugs such as the arsphenamines have been used both locally and internally. As a general rule this type of stomatitis is readily amenable to therapy and heroic measures are seldom necessary. For this reason a ease is here reported in which severe toxic symptoms followed the use of potassium chlorate and sulpharsphenamine.
Quantitative evaluation of extrinsic contribution to piezoelectric coefficient d33 in ferroelectric PZT ceramics

Abstract The contribution of 90° domain wall motion to the piezoelectric coefficient d33 in ferroelectric PZT ceramics has been evaluated quantitatively by a simple model. The microstructures of PZT ceramics have also been considered through the evaluation process. In order to avoid some formidable and somewhat ambiguous calculations involved and also in order to offer a clear physical picture of the domain contribution to the piezoelectric coefficient d33 in ferroelectric ceramics, we have introduced a new concept of the effective number of domain walls in the quantitative evaluation process which reflects the magnitude of domain wall density in ceramics. The obtained calculation result, Δd33 = 219.4 × 10−12 m/V, supports the measured data and also is inherently plausible in terms of the contribution of domain wall motion to the electromechanical properties of ferroelectric ceramics.
Controlling indeterminacy in Massey triple products

A technique is discussed to control the indeterminacy in cohomology Massey triple products. It involves finding cohomology classes with certain properties. Poincare duality spaces always have such classes if the coefficients are in a field.
Milk drinking, other beverage habits, and lung cancer risk

The reported beverage habits of 569 lung cancer patients and 569 control patients admitted to Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) were studied, 355 male cases and 214 female cases being matched to controls within strata of age and residence. Smoking history and an index of vitamin A from vegetables had significant, dose-response associations with risk. Animal fat intake as measured by an index of animal fats from meats showed elevated risks which were not significant. Three vegetables rich in vitamin A and 3 meats contributing to the animal fat index were, individually, associated with lung cancer risk. Frequency of consumption of milk, coffee, tea, soft drinks and alcoholic beverages was studied in multiple logistic regression analyses which controlled for smoking history, intake of vitamin A from vegetables and education level. Subjects reporting consumption of whole milk 3 or more times daily had a 2-fold increase in lung cancer risk compared to those who reported never drinking whole milk (RR = 2.14). The same frequency of intake of reduced-fat milk was associated with a significant protective effect (RR = .54). Significant risk variations were observed for other beverages but, with the exception of frequencies of reported diet cola and decaffeinated coffee intake, dose-response patterns were not evident.
The introduction and development of the community-flow measurement instrument

This paper provides readers with an understanding of what families desire from community outreach efforts. It does so by specifically asking citizens to express what they want from their community in order to improve its overall performance. Throughout this paper, the concept of increasing the overall performance of the community is examined by introducing a new term into the housing and community development literature – “community-flow” – a term that this study uses to measure the overall performance or success of the community, where the community comprises the neighborhood, schools, and elements of public service. Results of this study posit an explanation that can account for about 30% of what constitutes effective overall community performance. These initial findings provide the foundation for further refinement and subsequent testing of the community-flow measurement instrument in order to explain the remaining 70% of what constitutes effective overall community performance.
Feshbach-to-ultracold molecular state Raman transitions via a femtosecond optical frequency comb

We report on a theoretical study of implementation of a single femtosecond optical frequency comb to perform an efficient transfer of Feshbach molecules to the ground electronic and rovibrational state. A standard optical frequency comb is considered with zero offset frequency and a sinusoidally phase modulated frequency comb, having modulation frequency in the IR region. A stepwise population transfer to the ultracold molecular state is observed, with a negligible population of the excited state in the case of the sinusoidally modulated frequency comb.
Inactivation of EWS reduces PGC-1α protein stability and mitochondrial homeostasis

EWS (Ewing sarcoma) encodes an RNA/ssDNA binding protein that is frequently rearranged in a number of different cancers by chromosomal translocations. Physiologically, EWS has diverse and essential roles in various organ development and cellular processes. In this study, we uncovered a new role of EWS in mitochondrial homeostasis and energy metabolism. Loss of EWS leads to a significant decrease in mitochondria abundance and activity, which is caused by a rapid degradation of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ Coactivator (PGC-1α), a central regulator of mitochondria biogenesis, function, and cellular energy metabolism. EWS inactivation leads to increased ubiquitination and proteolysis of PGC-1α via proteasome pathway. Complementation of EWS in Ews-deficient cells restores PGC-1α and mitochondrial abundance. We found that expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase, FBXW7 (F-box/WD40 domain protein 7), is increased in the absence of Ews and depletion of Fbxw7 in Ews-null cells restores PGC-1α expression and mitochondrial density. Consistent with these findings, mitochondrial abundance and activity are significantly reduced in brown fat and skeletal muscles of Ews-deficient mice. Furthermore, expression of mitochondrial biogenesis, respiration and fatty acid β-oxidation genes is significantly reduced in the liver of Ews-null mice. These results demonstrate a novel role of EWS in mitochondrial and cellular energy homeostasis by controlling PGC-1α protein stability, and further implicate altered mitochondrial and energy metabolism in cancers harboring the EWS translocation.
Combined Surface Roughness Pattern and Non-Newtonian Effects on the Performance of Dynamically Loaded Journal Bearings

The effects of three surface roughness patterns (purely circumferential, axial and isotropic) are investigated for an elliptically shaped journal bearing subjected to dynamic loading. The mass-conserving, finite element, scheme proposed by Kumar and Booker (1991) is used to model the cavitation. Moreover, a non-Newtonian model is included to account for shear thinning effects of the lubricant. The results show that the circumferential (microgrooved) surface pattern produces larger and more beneficial effects on bearing performance than do the other surface roughness patterns. Due to surface pattern effects, the maximum film pressure is found to decrease by as much as 12% and the minimum film thickness can increase by as much as 17%, depending on the bearing geometry, the loading and the asperity heights. Surface roughness patterns were found to have little effect on the flow rate and friction torque. Presented as a Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Paper at the STLE/ASME Tribology Conferen...
The Deliberate Revolution: Transforming Integration With XML Web Services

While detractors snub XML web services as CORBA with a weight problem, industry cheerleaders say these services are ushering in a new age of seamless integrated computing. But for those of us whose jobs don’t involve building industry excitement, what do web services offer?
Integrated treadmill stress testing and MR relaxometry (T1, T2, T2*): response in healthy calf muscles

Background Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is accompanied by a complex lower limb pathophysiology resulting in reduced functional capacity and quality of life. We aim to characterize the exercise recovery kinetics in the calf muscle of healthy volunteers by combining treadmill exercise and magnetic resonance (MR) relaxometry (T1, T2 and T2*), and to investigate their relation with age and treadmill exercise duration.
Targeting drivers of melanoma with synthetic small molecules and phytochemicals

Melanoma is the least common form of skin cancer, but it is responsible for the majority of skin cancer deaths. Traditional therapeutics and immunomodulatory agents have not shown much efficacy against metastatic melanoma. Agents that target the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signaling pathway - the BRAF inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib, and the MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib - have increased survival in patients with metastatic melanoma. Further, the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib has been shown to be superior to single agent therapy for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. However, resistance to these agents develops rapidly. Studies of additional agents and combinations targeting the MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PI3K), c-kit, and other signaling pathways are currently underway. Furthermore, studies of phytochemicals have yielded promising results against proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis by targeting signaling pathways with established roles in melanomagenesis. The relatively low toxicities of phytochemicals make their adjuvant use an attractive treatment option. The need for improved efficacy of current melanoma treatments calls for further investigation of each of these strategies. In this review, we will discuss synthetic small molecule inhibitors, combined therapies and current progress in the development of phytochemical therapies.
Inspector/executor load balancing algorithms for block-sparse tensor contractions

Developing effective yet scalable load-balancing methods for irregular computations is critical to the successful application of simulations in a variety of disciplines at petascale and beyond. This paper explores a set of static and dynamic scheduling algorithms for block-sparse tensor contractions within the NWChem computational chemistry code for different degrees of sparsity (and therefore load imbalance). In this particular application, a relatively large amount of task information can be obtained at minimal cost, which enables the use of static partitioning techniques that take the entire task list as input. However, fully static partitioning is incapable of dealing with dynamic variation of task costs, such as from transient network contention or operating system noise, so we also consider hybrid schemes that utilize dynamic scheduling within subgroups. These two schemes, which have not been previously implemented in NWChem or its proxies (i.e. quantum chemistry mini-apps) are compared to the original centralized dynamic load-balancing algorithm as well as improved centralized scheme. In all cases, we separate the scheduling of tasks from the execution of tasks into an inspector phase and an executor phase. The impact of these methods upon the application is substantial on a large InfiniBand cluster: execution time is reduced by as much as 50% at scale. The technique is applicable to any scientific application requiring load balance where performance models or estimations of kernel execution times are available.
ACYL GROUP COMPOSITION OF METABOLICALLY ACTIVE LIPIDS IN BRAIN: VARIANCES AMONG SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS AND DURING POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT

Using a combination of preparative TLC and GLC technique, the content and acyl group composition of diacyl-glycerophosphoinositols, diacyl-glycerophosphates, diacylglycerols and triacyl-glycerols in brain tissue were determined. The level of diacyl-glycerophosphoinositols in 40 day-old mouse brain was 2.7 μmol/g tissue as compared to 40–170 nmol/g for other minor lipids. The acyl groups of diacyl-glycerophosphoinositols were enriched in 18:0 and 20:4 (n-6). This characteristic acyl group profile was found in microsomes, synaptosomes, and in myelin. The acyl groups of diacyl-glycerophosphates and diacylglycerols were comprised mainly of 16:0, 18:0, 18:1 and 20:4 (n-6). In rat brain subcellular fractions, the acyl groups of diacylglycerols and diacyl-glycerophosphates in the microsomal fraction had a higher proportion of 22:6 (n-3) than those in the myelin and synaptosomal fractions. The acyl groups of the myelin lipids were higher in 18:l and lower in 20:4 (n-6) as compared to those in the microsomal and synaptosomal fractions. The triacylglycerols in brain exhibited an unusual acyl group profile which included small proportions of 14:0, 16:1, 20:4 (n-6), 22:4 (n-6) and 22:6 (n-3). Except for an increase in 18:1 and a corresponding decrease in 16:0 which was found in diacyl-glycerophosphoinositols, no apparent acyl group change was observed in other metabolically active lipids during postnatal brain development.
Evidence for absence of hybridization in crosses between Phytophthora infestans and Phytophthora parasitica

Progeny from a cross between Phytophthora infestans A 1 mating type carrying homozygous dominant alleles for a fast-migrating band of glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI-1) and metalaxyl sensitivity and P. parasitica (P. nicotianae) A 2 mating type carrying homozygous-dominant alleles for metalaxyl resistance consisted of either parent only. Progeny from a cross between P. infestans A 2 mating type carrying homozygous-dominant alleles for a slow-migrating band of GPI-1 and metalaxyl sensitivity and P. parasitica A 1 mating type carrying homozygous-dominant alleles for metalaxyl resistance were also of parental types only. Results show that hybridization is most unlikely to have occurred in interspecific crosses between P. infestans and P. parasitica .
Experiences with teaching secure data management

In recent years, information security and assurance has received considerable attention from the computing community, with universities revamping course offerings in areas such as cryptography, network security, enterprise systems security, secure coding, and digital forensics. Although secure data management (SDM) is a major facet of overall information systems security, it has received less attention than it deserves. However, at the Rochester Institute of Technology, an SDM course has been offered since 2003. This course covers both commercial practice and current research, and has been revised continually to keep the technical content current, and to incorporate active learning approaches; additionally course delivery has moved from a traditional classroom lecture setting to a blended and fully online (distance delivery) setting. On the practical side, student projects involve the design and development of secure database applications on hardened database servers, and include an attack phase when students get to break into other student projects. On the research side, students explore current topics in the literature and incorporate aspects of their research readings into their implemented projects. This paper discusses the SDM course, some measurements of student learning, and other experiences with the course.
The effects of sequence and similarity of labeling responses on concept development

Development of concepts through training in labeling nonsense figures was examined. The general hypothesis was that concept functioning depends on distinctive mediating responses, the development of which depends in turn on the requisites of the training sequence. Seventy-two children were trained to use either rhyming or distinctive names for nonsense forms. One group learned discriminations between examples of three classes of forms and generalizations within each of three classes simultaneously. Another group learned discrimination of each form one at a time but acquired generalizations within each of three classes simultaneously. A third group learned discriminations one at a time and also learned generalizations one class at a time. All Ss were trained to the same criteria and then sorted a new group of related forms. Marked differences in speed of discrimination and generalization were related to both names and sequences. The group that learned generalizations one at a time could not sort new forms. The group that learned discriminations simultaneously sorted accurately only if they used the distinctive names. These results confirmed the hypotheses.
Mars: Experimental study of albedo changes caused by dust fallout

A laboratory apparatus was used to simulate the uniform fallout and deposition of particles 1 to 5 microns in diameter in an experimental study on how the spectral and photometric properties of representative Martian areas are affected by fallout of atmospheric dust (smaller than or equalling 60 microns) suspended during dust storms. In this study, measurements are made in the changes in reflectance at optical and near-infrared wavelengths (0.4 to 1.2 micron) caused by deposition of varying amounts of a Mars-analog dust on bright and dark substrates before and after deposition of 6 x 10 to the -5th to 1.5 x 10 to the -3rd g/sq cm of simulated fallout. It is believed that only small amounts of dust particles (approximately 3 x 10 to the -4th g/sq cm) are needed to make significant albedo changes in dark areas of Mars, and that this would rule out uniform dust deposition on the surface of the planet. Data also indicate that other high albedo features like bright crater-related wind streaks may not be areas of significant sediment deposits. Laboratory simulations have permitted estimates of how much the reflectance of an area on Mars would change given a certain amount of dust fallout (g/sq cm) or reflectance data. These simulations may also be useful in tracking the transport and deposition of the dust.
Ultralow reflectance metal surfaces by ultrafast laser texturing

We report the fabrication of textured metal surfaces by ultrafast laser processing and its optical property characterization by measurement of reflection and scattering as a function of angle and wavelength. The ultrafast laser textured metal surface reflection combined with scattering can be reduced to low values of ∼3% over a broad spectral and angular range. Furthermore, it is shown that surface optical reflection and scattering can be varied by parameters like laser fluence, number of laser pulses, and coating the textured surfaces with suitable absorbers. It is also shown that ultrafast laser textured metal surfaces can have low surface reflection and scattering properties even at high temperatures (≤500 °C) of operation.
Extraction and Functional Properties of Non-Zein Proteins in Corn Germ from Wet-Milling

This study was conducted to evaluate the extractability of wet-milled corn germ protein, characterize the recovered protein and identify its potential applications. Protein was extracted from both wet germ and finished (dried) germ using 0.1 M NaCl as solvent. The method involved homogenization, stirring, centrifugation, dialysis and freeze-drying. Factors evaluated were temperature (40, 50, or 60 °C) and the presence of reducing or denaturing agents. The recovered protein was analyzed for proximate composition and functional properties. Protein recovery was greater from wet germ. For both germ samples, protein recovery was not improved by using higher temperatures; thus, subsequent extractions were done at 40 °C. Addition of 2% SDS and 1% β-mercaptoethanol to the solvent nearly doubled protein yield; but, SDS-PAGE indicated some protein denaturation. The recovered freeze-dried proteins from both germ samples were least soluble at pH 2.0–4.0, but solubility increased at higher pH values. Wet germ protein extract was more soluble than finished germ protein at all pH values; however, the finished germ protein showed much better foaming and emulsifying properties and water-holding capacity.
North American Tychius: New synonymy and observations on phylogeny and zoogeography (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Tychius mixtus Hatch is newly synonymized with T. tectus LeConte; T. lamellosus Casey, T. squamosus Hatch and T. intermixtus Hatch are synonymized with T. semisquamoslls LeConte, and T. hirsutus Clark is synonymized with T. soltaui Casey. New locality and host records are given for T. tectus LeConte, T. semisquamosus LeConte, T. sordidus LeConte, T. soltaui Casey, and T. liljebladi Blatchley. Comparison of North American Tyehius with species from Eurasia and Africa indicates that the North American species belong to at least 2 major groups, each of which has a greater number of species in the Old World. Phylogenetic and host plant relationships and distribution patterns indicate that Tyehius arose in the Old World; several independent dispersals from Eurasia have formed the North American fauna. Tyehius sordidus and T. caesius Clark are probably remnants of an old Holarctic fauna associated with the Arcto-Tertiary flora. Tyehius lineellus is probably related to the latter two species but dispersed via Beringia. T. liljebladi Blatchley and T. tectus LeConte are more closely allied to members of the semisquamosus Group; all of these have close relatives in Eurasia. The former 2 have as hosts species of Oxytropis and species of Astragalus which belong to Eurasian groups. They probably arrived in North America after the semisquamoslls Group was already established. T. tectus also has Astragalus hosts which belong to native North American groups. It appears to be extending its geographic and host range at the expense of some semisquamosus Group members. Members of the latter group are known only from species of Astragalus in American groups of from the genus Lotus.
2-/spl mu/m, 1.6-mW gated-g/sub m/ sampler with 72-dB SFDR for f/sub s/=160 Ms/s and f/sub in/=320.25 MHz

The sampler is often the limitation in determining how early in the signal chain the conversion to discrete time can be done. We have fabricated a novel high-speed, wideband sampler core based upon a charge-domain gated-g/sub m/ cell that has a measured spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of 72 db for a sample rate of 160 Ms/s and an input frequency of 320.25 MHz. The sampling bandwidth is /spl sim/880 MHz. This performance is achieved at /spl sim/1% of the power and /spl sim/1% of the core area of a state-of-the-art track-and-hold circuit implemented in a much more advanced IC technology. Simulations indicate that far higher performance is possible in a more advanced process and with minor circuit optimization.
Expression of collagens I, II, X, and XI and aggrecan mRNAs by bovine growth plate chondrocytes in situ

The cells responsible for skeletal growth are the chondrocytes of the cartilaginous growth plate. These cells differentiate through a series of maturational stages, establishing different zones in the growth plate. Among the major functions of these cells is the production of appropriate extracellular matrix, primarily composed of collagens and proteoglycans. To determine whether matrix synthesis varies with respect to maturational stage and in which cell populations different collagens are expressed, bovine growth plates were analyzed by in situ hybridization ot mRNA and by Northern blot hybridization. The most abundant collagen mRNA in the growth plate was type-II collagen. This mRNA was present at relatively low levels in the most immature cells of the growth plate but increased several-fold as cells entered the proliferative stage and remained high through subsequent phases of maturation. Type-XI collagen mRNA and mRNA for the cartilage-characteristic proteoglycan, aggrecan, were codistributed with the type-II collagen mRNA; however, both were present in much smaller quantities. Type-X procollagen mRNA was localized to chondrocytes late in their maturation and was expressed at levels similar to the expression of type-II collagen. In situ hybridization of serial sections revealed that growth plate chondrocytes in their more mature stages contain both type-II and type-X collagen mRNA. Type-I collagen mRNA was not observed in growth plate chondrocytes at any maturational stage; rather, it was localized to a morphologically distinct population of cells attached to calcifying cartilage septa in the region of vascular invasion. These data indicate that the genes for major matrix constituents synthesized by the growth plate in some cases are expressed differentially at different stages of cellular maturation and in other cases are expressed coordinately. The pattern of mRNA expression suggests possible mechanisms of gene regulation.
Spectral-domain Differential Interference Contrast (SD-DIC) Microscopy for Measuring Live Cell Dynamics

We present live cell imaging using spectral-domain differential interference contrast microscopy, a novel technique for high-resolution, quantitative measurement of optical pathlength gradients. Imaging and dynamic monitoring of live neurons and cardiomyocytes were demonstrated.
Examples of academic support systems to improve student success

The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) has implemented a number of academic support systems to address obstacles to student success and to improve student retention. This paper describes the student demographics at UTSA, provides tracking data on student enrollment and retention, and includes discussion of the underlying causes of student attrition. It will describe some of the programs that are implemented to improve student success. Data is provided to measure the level of success of some of the programs that have implemented for the student success.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Human patient simulation versus case study: Which teaching strategy is more effective in teaching nursing care for the hypoglycemic patient?

Abstract With the ever-increasing safety concerns presented in a health care setting, it is imperative that nursing students are prepared for the demand of utilizing the skill of critical thinking while providing care to patients experiencing hypoglycemia. Nurse educators strive to implement different teaching strategies to promote critical thinking skills. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two teaching strategies: human patient simulation (HPS) and a single case study during diabetes education. In addition, the study was used to validate the inclusion of HPS in the authors' nursing program curriculum. A quasi-experimental, two-group pretest and posttest design was utilized to evaluate these teaching strategies. Faculty also completed an objective clinical evaluation, which evaluated students' clinical reasoning, and all students completed a postsurvey evaluating the teaching strategies. Study results indicated the pretest average scores for both groups were identical. The posttest results for the case study group were slightly higher than the simulation group results. On the clinical evaluation tool, the simulation group scored much greater than the case study group. Both results were statistically significant. The postlesson survey results were greater overall for the simulation group on all statements. All students agreed or strongly agreed that simulation was effective. According to the student test results and clinical evaluations, both teaching strategies are beneficial in nursing education; moreover, the student surveys and comments validated the addition of simulation as a valuable teaching strategy. As a result of this research, HPS was formally implemented into the nursing curriculum.
Family stressors in traumatic brain injury : a two-year follow-up

A review of the literature suggests that psychosocial disability in traumatic brain-injured (TBI) individuals and distress in families continues long after the initial injury. In this study the relationship of family stress to a number of factors was studied longitudinally. Caregivers of 51 TBI inpatients were interviewed at rehabilitation admission and by phone at 6, 12, and 24 months postinjury. Caregivers' most common complaints about their relatives were a lack of involvement in leisure activities, fatigue, slowness, and forgetfulness. Increasingly severe temper outbursts, anxiety, and self-centeredness were reported over time. Aggressiveness was reported by caregivers as moderate or severe in 31% of cases by 2 years postinjury. Of all complaints, only reports of inappropriate social behavior decreased over time. Despite caregivers' increasing complaints about their relatives, there were no trends toward greater self-reported stress over time. At the 2-year assessment, stress was significantly higher for caregivers of those with an at risk psychosocial history, and for those without sufficient funds for services. Caregivers reporting financial strain increased 22% from rehabilitation admission. Forty-seven percent of caregivers had altered or given up their jobs at 1 year postinjury, and 33% at 2 years postinjury. Although self-perceived measurements of stress did not increase over time, caregivers reported notable increases in medication use and substance use, and decreases in employment and financial status over the 2-year time period. When spouse and parent caregiver responses were compared, spouses reported a consistently greater number of behavioral problems, which increased in severity over time. Those behaviors associated with mood disturbances predominated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Clinical Observations in the Treatment of World War II and Korean War Veterans with Combat-Related PTSD

This paper provides a descriptive evaluation of group therapy for older combat veterans with severe, chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Eight older combat veterans with PTSD participated in a long-term supportive/cognitive-behavioral therapy group. Self-report measures of psychiatric symptomatology taken at baseline and two years hence revealed no significant changes. These findings contrasted with clinician observation and informal family report, which indicated significant improvement in ability to manage symptoms, social functioning, and quality of life. Reports of improvement, despite lack of indication in outcome measures, are noted in two other reports of psychological treatment of PTSD in older veterans. Taken together, these independent clinical investigations suggest a shift in focus and outcome solely from amelioration of PTSD symptoms to include optimization of function, minimization of disability, or improvement in quality of life.
Gene-centric approach to integrating environmental genomics and biogeochemical models

Rapid advances in molecular microbial ecology have yielded an unprecedented amount of data about the evolutionary relationships and functional traits of microbial communities that regulate global geochemical cycles. Biogeochemical models, however, are trailing in the wake of the environmental genomics revolution, and such models rarely incorporate explicit representations of bacteria and archaea, nor are they compatible with nucleic acid or protein sequence data. Here, we present a functional gene-based framework for describing microbial communities in biogeochemical models by incorporating genomics data to provide predictions that are readily testable. To demonstrate the approach in practice, nitrogen cycling in the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) was modeled to examine key questions about cryptic sulfur cycling and dinitrogen production pathways in OMZs. Simulations support previous assertions that denitrification dominates over anammox in the central Arabian Sea, which has important implications for the loss of fixed nitrogen from the oceans. Furthermore, cryptic sulfur cycling was shown to attenuate the secondary nitrite maximum often observed in OMZs owing to changes in the composition of the chemolithoautotrophic community and dominant metabolic pathways. Results underscore the need to explicitly integrate microbes into biogeochemical models rather than just the metabolisms they mediate. By directly linking geochemical dynamics to the genetic composition of microbial communities, the method provides a framework for achieving mechanistic insights into patterns and biogeochemical consequences of marine microbes. Such an approach is critical for informing our understanding of the key role microbes play in modulating Earth’s biogeochemistry.
Relocating machine instructions by currying

Relocation adjusts machine instructions to account for changes in the locations of the instructions themselves or of external symbols to which they refer. Standard linkers implement a finite set of relocation transformations, suitable for a single architecture. These transformations are enumerated, named, and engraved in a machine-dependent object-file format, and linkers must recognize them by name. These names and their associated transformations are an unnecessary source of machine-dependence.The New Jersey Machine-Code Toolkit is an application generator. It helps programmers create applications that manipulate machine code, including linkers. Guided by a short instruction-set specification, the toolkit generates the bit-manipulating code. Instructions are described by constructors, which denote functions mapping lists of operands to instructions' binary representations. Any operand can be designated as "relocatable," meaning that the operand's value need not be known at the time the instruction is encoded. For instructions with relocatable operands, the toolkit computes relocating transformations. Tool writers can use the toolkit to create machine-independent software that relocates machine instructions. mld, a retargetable linker built with the toolkit, needs only 20 lines of C code for relocation, and that code is machine-independent.The toolkit discovers relocating transformations by currying encoding functions. An attempt to encode an instruction with a relocatable operand results in the creation of a closure. The closure can be applied when the values of the relocatable operands become known. Currying provides a general, machine-independent method of relocation.Currying rewrites a λ-term into two nested λ-terms. The standard implementation has the first λ allocate a closure and store therein its operands and a pointer to the second λ. Using this strategy in the toolkit means that, when it builds an application, the toolkit generates code for many different inner λ-terms---one for each instruction that uses a relocatable address. Hoisting some of the computation out of the second λ into the first makes many of the second λs identical---a handful are enough for a whole instruction set. This optimization reduces the size of machine-dependent assembly and linking code by 15--20% for the MIPS, SPARC, and PowerPC, and by about 30% for the Pentium. It also makes the second λs equivalent to relocating transformations named in standard object-file formats.
Probe molecule studies of CO hydrogenation over Ru/SiO2

The effects of the addition of small amounts of CH{sub 3}NO{sub 2} to the reactants during CO hydrogenation were investigated under various reaction conditions. The major changes in the product distribution of CO hydrogenation on Ru/SiO{sub 2} caused by CH{sub 3}NO{sub 2} addition to the reactants included substantial reduction of CH{sub 4} production, increased production of hydrocarbons in the C3 to C6 carbon fractions, and enhanced selectivity toward linear olefinic products. A substantial incorporation of carbon originating from the added Ch{sub 3}NO{sub 2} into these hydrocarbon products was observed. Changes in the product distribution took place without significant disturbance of the main reaction pathways leading to hydrocarbon formation, offering great potential for the use of CH{sub 3}NO{sub 2} as a probe molecule in the study of the mechanism of CO hydrogenation.