cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sexual abuse of children.

Sexual abuse of children is a pervasive and growing problem, which has demanded the attention of several professional groups. Because most children never reveal the abuse, understanding the psychodynamics involved is fundamental to the detection of these victims. Physicians should be aware of the masked clinical and behavioral indicators of sexually abused children that signal the need for further questioning. Through appropriate inspection of genitalia and anus in routine examination of the child, the physician can establish rapport and a foundation of trust critical for disclosure of abuse. The history the child gives is the most important evidence and is most credible when spontaneous, consistent, and detailed. Physicians must report any suspicion of child abuse to the Texas Department of Human Services (TDHS) and/or law enforcement agencies. Finally, physicians can help prevent such sexual abuse by providing anticipatory guidance for parents and caretakers of children. Language: en
We Can Hear You Now (a): A Customer Survey Design for a Six Sigma Project at Crutchfield Corp

Appropriate for marketing and operations management courses. The director of CS at a customer-focused catalog electronics company has asked a Six Sigma Black Belt for assistance in evaluating several ideas to effectively obtain and analyze feedback from users of its CS department. A Design For Six Sigma project was run six years previously and discovering why the company used the Six Sigma project, as opposed to one of the many new customer-satisfaction-survey tools available from third-party vendors is a goal. Students are asked to discuss the Design For Six Sigma methodology as it applies to the project.
Vertical-Horizontal Flavor Grand Unification

This will be a very brief report on the work in progress in collaboration with Aharon Davidson. The problem of the replication of the fermionic generations and the basics of flavor dynamics have received a great deal of attention recently. As we heard from Georgi,1 there are no satisfactory answers.
FPGA-based Multithreading for In-Memory Hash Joins

Large relational databases often rely on fast join implementations for good performance. Recent paradigm shifts in processor architectures has reinvigorated research into how the join operation can be implemented. The FPGA community has also been developing new architectures with the potential to push performance even further. Hashing is a common method used to implement joins, but its poor spatial locality can hinder performance on processor architectures. Multithreaded architectures can better cope with poor spatial locality by masking memory/cache latencies with many outstanding requests. In this paper we present the first end-to-end in-memory FPGA hash join implementation. The FGPA uses massive multithreading during the build and probe phases to mask long memory delays, while it concurrently manages hundreds of thread states locally. Throughput results show a speedup between 2x and 3.4x over the best multi-core approaches with comparable memory bandwidths on uniform and skewed datasets; however, this advantage diminishes for extremely skewed datasets. Results using the FPGA’s full 76.8 GB/s of bandwidth show throughput up to 1.6 billion tuples per second for uniform and skewed datasets.
Analysis of Floating Plate under Ocean Waves

The interactions between a large elastic floating plate and ocean waves are investigated. The plate is moored to the ocean bottom and the type of waves considered are either wind-induced random waves or Tsunami-runup-like tidal waves. The analysis is based on a boundary-value problem formulation; i.e., the plate and ocean together are considered as an integral system and related through the continuity conditions at the fluid-solid interface. The wind-induced random waves are simulated through a digital computer according to the spectrum of ocean surface elevation and the response analyses are performed in the time domain using a technique consisting of modal expansion and numerical integration. The results show that a large floating plate with or without anchors can be excited by waves with wave length comparable to the width of the plate producing very large bending moments.
Simultaneous reorganization in thalamocortical ensembles evolves over several hours after perioral capsaicin injections

Reorganization of the somatosensory system was quantified by simultaneously recording from single-unit neural ensembles in the whisker regions of the ventral posterior medial (VPM) nucleus of the thalamus and the primary somatosensory (SI) cortex in anesthetized rats before, during, and after injecting capsaicin under the skin of the lip. Capsaicin, a compound that excites and then inactivates a subset of peripheral C and Aδ fibers, triggered increases in spontaneous firing of thalamocortical neurons (10–15 min after injection), as well as rapid reorganization of the whisker representations in both the VPM and SI. During the first hour after capsaicin injection, 57% of the 139 recorded neurons either gained or lost at least one whisker response in their receptive fields (RFs). Capsaicin-related changes continued to emerge for ≥6 h after the injection: Fifty percent of the single-neuron RFs changed between 1–2 and 5–6 h after capsaicin injection. Most (79%) of these late changes represented neural response...
Key Considerations for Social Media Recruitment Platforms

This article analyzes successful features of social media–based websites in the context of clinical trial recruitment. From the perspective of researchers, the use of social media is thought to enhance efficiency, ease of accessible stats on completed trials, data that better reflect the patient experience, and communication. Patients stand to gain efficient access levels in terms of a website’s navigation and content, privacy controls, information drawn from a wide range of sources, and a portal of communication to clinical trial experts. Examined is how various websites successfully address some of these wish list items, how some institutions have expanded recruitment efforts through electronic platforms, and how these solutions might be extrapolated into a social media–based clinical trials site.
Adapting $\text{B}^{+}$ -Tree for Emerging Nonvolatile Memory-Based Main Memory

Among the emerging nonvolatile memory (NVM) technologies, some resistive memories, including phase change memory (PCM), spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-RAM), and metal-oxide resistive RAM (ReRAM), have been considered as promising replacements of conventional dynamic RAM (DRAM) to build future main memory systems. Main memory databases can benefit from their nice features, such as their low leakage power and nonvolatility, the high density of PCM, the good read performance and low read energy consumption of STT-RAM, and the low cost of ReRAM’s crossbar architecture. However, they also have some disadvantages, such as their long write latency, high write energy, and limited lifetime, which bring challenges to database algorithm design for NVM-based memory systems. In this paper, we focus on the design of the ubiquitous $\text{B}^{+}$ -tree, aiming to make it NVM-friendly. We present a basic cost model for NVM-based memory systems which distinguishes writes from reads, and propose detailed CPU cost and memory access models for search, insert, and delete operations on a $\text{B}^{+}$ -tree. Based on the proposed models, we analyze the CPU costs and memory behaviors of the existing NVM-friendly $\text{B}^{+}$ -tree schemes, and find that they suffer from three issues. To address these issues we propose three different schemes. Experimental results show that our schemes can efficiently improve the performance, reduce the memory energy consumption, and extend the lifetime for NVM-based memory systems.
Use of phosphoranimines to reduce organic carbonate content in Li-ion battery electrolytes

Abstract The use of phosphoranimines (PAs), a class of linear, monomeric phosphazenes, as electrolytes for Li-ion battery applications has been investigated as a route to improve safety and stability for Li-ion batteries. Of the potential PAs for use in battery applications, this work focuses on the initial synthetic preparation and analysis of N-trimethylsilyl-P,P-bis((2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)-P-ethylphosphoranimine (PA-5). PA-5 has high LiPF6 solubility in excess of 2 M, high thermal stability with a melting point below −80° C and high thermal stability as a neat compound to at least 250° C. As part of electrolyte blends, the inclusion of PA-5 shifts the onset of thermal degradation by close to 40° C at 35% loading and by 20° C at a 10% loading, improves the low temperature performance of the electrolyte, and when used as a primary solvent leads to increases in the flash point (by 20° C) when compared to more traditional EC:EMC blends. Cycling capabilities of full-coin cells with graphite negative electrodes and Li1+w[Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2]1-wO2 positive electrodes using PA-5:EC:EMC electrolyte blends are comparable with the performance seen for traditional EC:EMC blends. Analysis of the impact of the use of additives such as vinylene carbonate in PA-5:EC:EMC blended electrolyte results in enhanced capacity retention and improved coulombic efficiency.
267 ENHANCED SUPEROXIDE ACTIVITY INDUCES SALT SENTSITIVITY IN ENDOGENOUS NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE KNOCKOUT MICE.

Nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibition enhances superoxide (O2−) activity. The present study was conducted to examine the hypothesis that salt sensitivity is induced by superoxide (O2−) activity that is enhanced due to a deficiency in endogenous nitric oxide (NO) production. Male knockout (KO) mice lacking the gene for endothelial NO synthase and their genetic background wild-type C57BL6J mice (WT) were fed a diet containing either normal salt (NS, 0.4% NaCl) or high salt (HS, 4% NaCl) and treated with or without a O2− scavenger, tempol (400 mg/L), in drinking water for 2 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by tail-cuff plethysmography and urine collection was performed in metabolic cages on every third day during the 2-week experimental period. Urinary 8-isoprostane concentration (a marker for oxidative stress) was measured by ELISA kit (Cayman). Baseline SBP values in KO groups were significantly higher compared with WT groups (138 ± 5 vs 116 ± 4 mm Hg). At the end of the 2-week period, there was no significant difference in SBP between the tempol-treated and untreated WT groups with NS intake. However, SBP was significantly lower in tempol-treated KO mice compared with untreated KO mice fed on NS diets (131 ± 2 vs 142 ± 3 mm Hg). HS intake had no effect on SBP in untreated and treated WT groups; however, SBP was significantly increased in KO with HS intake (154 ± 4 mm Hg) over the 2-week period. Tempol significantly attenuated the effect of HS on SBP in the KO group (139 ± 2 mm Hg). There were no differences in baseline urinary 8-isoprostane excretion (UISOV) between WT and KO mice. However, at the end of 2 weeks, compared with WT and KO with NS intake (2.2 ± 0.1 and 2.4 ± 0.3 ng/d, respectively), UISOV was increased in both WT and KO groups with HS intake (2.9 ± 0.3 and 3.6 ± 0.2 ng/d, respectively), the increase in UISOV being greater in KO compared with WT. Tempol attenuated UISOV in both WT and KO with HS intake (2.5 ± 0.1 and 2.9 ± 0.2 ng/d). These data suggest that, in the condition of eNOS enzyme deficiency, dietary high-salt intake induces enhanced O2− activity that contributes to the development of salt-sensitive hypertension.
Investigation of theory of plague natural foci

This paper first analyzes the epidemic characteristics of zoonotic plague in foci with respect to the epizootic activity of plague natural foci in China and then reviews the progress in research on plague natural foci, including hidden state of foci and changes in zoonotic plague epidemic situation caused by Yersinia pestis mutation, from the perspective of natural focal disease. This paper proposes the intervention measures for plague natural foci in the densely populated area, e.g., eliminating plague natural foci through comprehensive prevention and control means in the following steps: relative isolation, basic stabilization and control, long term resting, gradual decrease in area, and elimination.
On Relationship Between Software Reuse and Component Technology

Software reuse can effectively improve the quality and productivity of software.Component technology advance rapidly grow on the age of the internet,that has been the ideal to realize the software reuse,and give the hope to settle the software crisis.The text not only introduce the software reuse and component technology,but also put forward how to use the way on the project application.
Eye Gaze Correction with a Single Webcam Based on Eye-Replacement

In traditional video conferencing systems, it is impossible for users to have eye contact when looking at the conversation partner’s face displayed on the screen, due to the disparity between the locations of the camera and the screen. In this work, we implemented a gaze correction system that can automatically maintain eye contact by replacing the eyes of the user with the direct looking eyes (looking directly into the camera) captured in the initialization stage. Our real-time system has good robustness against different lighting conditions and head poses, and it provides visually convincing and natural results while relying only on a single webcam that can be positioned almost anywhere around the screen.
Vibrational Spectroscopy Reveals Varying Structural Motifs in Cu(+)(CH4)(n) and Ag(+)(CH4)(n) (n = 1-6).

Vibrational spectra are measured for Cu+(CH4)(Ar)2, Cu+(CH4)2(Ar), Cu+(CH4)n (n = 3–6), and Ag+(CH4)n (n = 1–6) in the C–H stretching region (2500–3100 cm–1) using photofragment spectroscopy. Spectra are obtained by monitoring loss of Ar or CH4. Interaction with the metal ion produces substantial red shifts in the C–H stretches of proximate hydrogens. The magnitude of the shift reflects the metal–methane distance and the coordination to the metal ion of the methane hydrogens (η2 or η3). The structures of the complexes are determined by comparing the measured spectra with spectra calculated for candidate geometries using the B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP density functionals with 6-311++G(3df,3pd) and aug-cc-pVTZ-PP basis sets. Because of the d10 electronic configuration of the metal ions, the complexes are expected to adopt symmetric structures, which is confirmed by the experiments. All of the complexes have η2 hydrogen coordination in the first shell, in accord with theoretical predictions; second-shell ligands so...
Repatriates Narrate the Colonial Past

As Lorenzo Veracini has noted, settlers unlike colonists do not return to their place of origin. Settlers “do not discover [and return like colonists], they carry their sovereignty and lifestyles with them.”1 The French of Algeria did “return,” however, to the Metropole. Their settler accounts did not end with the “closing in” of frontiers as did Australian outback stories or North American narratives in which settlers were able to found sovereign states to supersede all previous phases of their historical passage.2 For the French of Algeria, repatriation could not be understood as a “return.” In their narratives, repatriation could only mean a missed opportunity, loss, and uprooting from land that had been rightfully theirs. Their final destination, the Metropole, could never supersede the French Algerian past as a just resolution. Their narratives thus turned on longing for what could have been rather than what became. These narratives were more than personal memories. They recounted the past from the settler’s perspective, and reinserted the French Algerian past into a coherent national narrative. The theme of “what was and could have been” appealed to a wider public and became a powerful means of connecting the sentiments of the French from Algeria to the broader French public. Such literary productions, I argue, have depoliticized historical controversies and broadened public interest in and ultimately support for the repatriates from Algeria.
Taxes and Productivity: A Game of Hide and Seek

High taxes—and high tax evasion—characterize business taxes in Latin America: a fact that is often considered part of a natural state of affairs. This chapter will argue that the combination of high taxes and widespread evasion has adverse consequences for productivity. High evasion may be a survival strategy for firms that would otherwise fail because of onerous and cumbersome regulations. Yet the combination of high taxes and high evasion distorts the investment decisions of firms, reduces the efficiency of markets, and diverts governments from investing in key public goods—all of which harm the productive possibilities of a society. From this viewpoint, tax evasion is both a consequence and a cause of low productivity and must be addressed directly if productivity is to increase in the region.
Analysis of musculoskeletal injuries sustained in falls from the United States-Mexico Border Fence

Injuries sustained by unauthorized individuals who jump or fall from the United States-Mexico border fence are frequently treated by trauma centers in border states. The authors investigated patterns of musculoskeletal injury occurring in these individuals to improve emergency department assessment and to identify strategies to prevent future injuries. A retrospective chart review was performed for patients presenting to an urban, level I trauma center with musculoskeletal injuries sustained in a jump or fall from the United States-Mexico border fence between February 2004 and February 2010. Frequency of fracture by site, frequency of open fracture, and associated patterns of injury were recorded. The population was stratified by age and sex to identify disparity in injury pattern. Average length of stay and number of surgical interventions were also recorded. During the study period, 174 individuals who had jumped or fallen from the United States-Mexico border fence were identified. The population contained 93 (53%) women and 81 (47%) men with an average age of 31.5 years (range, 11-56 years). On average (±standard error), men sustained slightly more fractures than women (1.77±0.12 vs 1.43±0.07; P=.015). There were no significant differences in the number of fractures sustained between age groups. Average length of stay for patients admitted to the hospital was 3.5 days. Patients underwent an average of 0.75 surgical interventions during admission. Falls from the United States-Mexico border fence are a significant cause of morbidity among unauthorized immigrants. [Orthopedics. 2017; 40(3):e432-e435.].
Breaking the bilayer: OMV formation during environmental transitions

Gram-negative bacteria maintain the barrier properties of the outer membrane (OM) in a wide array of physiological conditions despite their inability to degrade lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and protein material present in the outer leaflet of the OM. Through characterization of the native dynamics of outer membrane LPS change we recently described a mechanism in which these diderm organisms overcome this design flaw. In response to different environmental stimuli Salmonellaenterica modulates the export of specific structural variants of lipid A via outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). We proposed that the polymorphic model for regulation of membrane lipid content could largely account for the structural differences between secreted and retained lipid A species. However, differences in OMV production levels and size observed between environmental conditions remain unexplained. Further exploration into the relationship between OMV production level and content specificity may shed light onto the enigmatic mechanisms of OMV formation.
Where the wild things are: animal victimization in federal environmental crime cases

AbstractAlthough there has been a marked increase in studies of animal abuse from a variety of socio-legal and green criminological perspectives in the past two decades, we have a limited empirical understanding of the extent of animal victimization in environmental crime prosecutions in the United States. In order to better understand the nature and distribution of animal victimization in environmental crime prosecutions, we employ a content analysis of federal environmental crime cases, 2001–2011. Out of 972 cases, results show identifiable animal victimization plays a role in six percent of cases. Although animal victimization in environmental crime may be extensive, its role in environmental prosecutions appears secondary. We conclude with possibilities of expanding animal protection via wildlife and environmental law connections.
Abstract 3344: AKT mediates transcriptional regulation of H3K4 demethylase in PTEN null prostate cancer

One of the common contributors to the pre-disposition of most human cancers is inappropriate activation of AKT due to loss of its negative regulator PTEN. Activated AKT regulates changes in metabolic processes such as acetyl-CoA production that impacts chromatin. AKT phosphorylates a wide variety of histone modulating enzymes including acetyltransferases and methyltransferases resulting in their hyperactivation or inhibition. Therefore, understanding the impact of AKT inhibition on global histone modification would be ideal to identify novel histone modifiers regulated by AKT. We performed unbiased and comprehensive profiling of histone modifications in prostate specific PTEN knockout mice treated with an AKT inhibitor (Perifosine, 10mg/kg body weight daily for 4 weeks) and observed that AKT inhibition significantly induces di and tri methylation of H3K4, concomitant with reduction acetylation of H3K9. Changes in other histone modifications such as H3K36 and H3K79 methylation and acetylation were not observed. Mechanistically, we observed that AKT inihibiton reduces the expression of H3K4 methylation related histone demethylases KDM5 family, especially KDM5B expression at transcriptional level. Similar observations were noted at translational level also. To further understand the transcriptional regulation of KDM5B by AKT we focused on miR-137 and miR-138 as these have been shown to transcriptionally regulate H3K4 demethylases. We observed that AKT activation negatively regulated miR-137 but not miR-138 levels, which further transcriptionally represses KDM5B expression. Overexpression of miR-137 significantly reduced KDM5B and increased H3K4 di and tri methylation levels but failed to change AKT phosphorylation. Genetic knockdown of AKT or inhibition of AKT phosphorylation increased miR137 and reduced both KDM5B levels. Overall, we observed that AKT transcriptionally regulates KDM5B mainly via repression of miR137. Our data identify a mechanism by which PI3K/AKT signaling modulates the prostate cancer epigenome through regulating H3K4 methylation and KDM5B expression. Additional studies that assess the impact of AKT inhibiton on genome occupancy of H3K4 methylation will help in the identification of targets and devise novel strategies to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of PI3K/AKT inhibitors that are currently in clinical development. Citation Format: Mohammad Imran Khan, Suvasmita Rath, Qateeb Khan, Vaqar M. Adhami, Hasan Mukhtar. AKT mediates transcriptional regulation of H3K4 demethylase in PTEN null prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3344. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3344
Tau-2 immunoreactivity of corpora amylacea in the human retina and optic nerve

PURPOSE To characterize the constituents of corpora amylacea in the human retina and optic nerve. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed on sections of retina, optic nerve, and brain tissue using antibodies against tau 1, tau-2, and amyloid precursor protein. RESULTS Consistent anti-tau-2 immunoreactivity was noted in the corpora amylacea in the retina, optic nerve, and brain tissue, albeit with variations in pattern and intensity of staining. No immunoreactivity was observed with antibodies anti-tau 1 and anti-amyloid precursor protein. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the accumulation of possibly abnormal tau-2 within the corpora amylacea, which may be either astrocytic or axonal in origin.
Poverty and Gender in Affluent Nations

Women are more likely to be poor than men in nearly all Western nations. The ‘feminization of poverty’ was first noted by Diana Pearce in the late 1970s, and since that time, various scholars have examined trends in men's and women's poverty rates—and the ratio between them—in order to explore how economic status may be affected by gender. The underlying causes for women's poverty vary across countries but generally fall into one of three main categories—demographic composition, economic conditions, and government policy. The prevalence of single-mother families affects women's poverty because women disproportionately bear the costs of childrearing. Although women's labor force participation has increased in recent decades, women have lower average earnings than men, and they may face other costs of caring for children such as paying for out-of-home child care. Finally, government policy affects women's economic well-being because it can either obviate or intensify the inequalities within the market economy; in countries where more of the costs of childrearing are borne by government instead of parents, women's poverty rates tend to be lower. Ultimately, reducing women's poverty in industrialized countries requires the convergence of all three factors—demography, the market economy, and government policy—to better support women and their children. This is because women's economic status depends on whatever resources they can conjointly obtain from the family, the market, and the state.
Response to C. Hoff Stauffer

As I understood our charge, it is to look at the uncertainties in the costs of potential acid rain control strategies and in all of the assumptions that go into such an analysis. In fact, that turns out to be such a complicated problem that none of the papers dared to delve very deeply into it. I suppose if I had the black box to sell, as Hoff Stauffer does, I would not let you look too far inside it, either. On the other hand, if we really got into some of the details, it would probably put you all to sleep very quickly (except those of you who are here to compete with him in the market).
Privacy and Rationality

We present preliminary evidence from a survey of individual privacy attitudes, privacy behavior, and economic rationality. We discuss the theoretical approach that drives our analysis, the survey design, the empirical hypotheses, and our initial results. In particular, we present evidence of overconfidence in privacy assessments, lack of information prior to privacy-sensitive decisions, misconceptions about one’s own exposure to privacy risks, bounded rationality, and hyperbolic discounting.
HIV Public Policy and Psychiatry: An Examination of Ethical Issues and Professional Guidelines

The authors examine the interfaces among public policy, legal issues, ethical issues, and physician responsibility for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected psychiatric patient within the realms of civil liberties and public health. Current professional guidelines on caring for HIV-infected psychiatric patients are discussed, including discussion of psychotherapy and the potential for behavioral change. The impact of the Tarasoff decision on confidentiality is reviewed, including discussion of whether a precedent was set mandating that a psychiatrist warn identifiable third persons at risk of becoming infected by his or her patient. The management of HI Vinfected psychiatric inpatients who continue to put other patients at risk and the impact of HIV carriers on ward milieu are also addressed, as are difficulties encountered with the chronically mentally ill.
Socio-economic Status and Immunosenescence

Across the world, wealth and health go hand in hand. Those with fewer educational and economic resources live shorter lives and experience the onset of chronic disease and loss of functioning at an earlier age on average than their more advantaged peers (Adler and Stewart, Ann NY Acad Sci 1186 (The Biology of Disadvantage: Socioeconomic Status and Health):5–23, 2010; Mackenbach, Soc Sci Med 71(7):1249–1253, 2010). Recent estimates show over a 6-year difference in life expectancy at age 25 for those below the US poverty line compared to those in the top 35 % of the income distribution (Braveman et al., Am J Public Hlth 100(S1):S186–196, 2010). In Europe, similar socio-economic differences are seen but sometimes of different magnitude across countries. Educational inequalities range from a relative mortality risk that is four times higher for men with the lowest compared to the highest educational attainment in the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Lithuania, to less than two times that of those with the most education in Sweden and Spain (Mackenbach et al., New Engl J Med 358(23):2468, 2008). While the biological mechanisms underlying these socio-economic health inequalities or “disparities” are not well understood, they are often discussed in the context of accelerated aging (Crimmins et al., J Gerontol Series A: Biol Sci Med Sci 64A(2):286–292, 2009). Among the biological systems that have been investigated, studies of cardiovascular, metabolic, and neuroendocrine markers are the most common (Dowd et al., Epidemiol 20(6):902–908, 2009; Seeman et al., Soc Sci Med 66(1):72–87, 2008). Despite the importance of immunosenescence in aging, research on the contribution of the immune system to health disparities until recently has been quite limited.
Mon-Khmer Languages

One of the most widespread of the language families of Southeast Asia, Mon-Khmer languages are spoken by mostly minority populations in Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, southern China, Cambodia, and even India. Khmer and Vietnamese, the two most widely spoken languages, are the state languages of their respective countries. Mon-Khmer languages have highly complex vowel systems with elaborate oppositions of register (voice quality) or less commonly tone. Mon-Khmer languages also exhibit highly unusual syllable structure with so-called ‘minor’ syllables word initially.
Does Postpartum Contraceptive Use Vary By Birth Intendedness

Context Women with an unintended birth have an elevated risk of subsequent unintended pregnancy, and multiple unintended pregnancies could exacerbate any negative consequences of such births. It is therefore important to understand whether postpartum contraceptive use differs by birth intendedness. Methods Data on 2,769 births reported in the 2011-2015 cycles of the National Survey of Family Growth were used to examine postpartum contraceptive use. Life-table estimates were employed to assess differences by birth intendedness in timing of postpartum contraceptive use, and multinomial logistic event history methods were used to model initial contraceptive uptake and efficacy by birth intendedness. Results Compared with postpartum women whose births were on time or too late, those with seriously mistimed and those with unwanted births were more likely to first adopt a highly effective method (e.g., implant or IUD), rather than no method (relative risk ratios, 1.9 and 1.7, respectively); mothers with unwanted births were also more likely to first use least effective methods (e.g., condoms or withdrawal) instead of no method (1.5). Mothers with seriously mistimed births had a reduced likelihood of using either effective methods (e.g., the pill or injectable) or least effective methods, rather than highly effective ones (0.5 for each). Conclusion The elevated risk of repeat unintended fertility does not seem to be due to mothers' initial postpartum contraceptive behavior. Whether mothers with unintended births use contraceptives less consistently, discontinue use sooner or switch methods more often than those with intended births remains to be seen.
Agricultural Youth Injuries: A Review of 2015-2017 Cases from U.S. News Media Reports

ABSTRACTBackground: The hazardous nature of the agricultural environment, reflected in the numerous injuries and deaths to children who live, work and play on farms, coupled with the lack of a comp...
Case 26-2019: A 27-Year-Old Woman with Opioid Use Disorder and Suicidal Ideation

A Woman with Opioid Use Disorder and Suicidal Ideation A 27-year-old homeless woman was evaluated at this hospital because of a suicide attempt. Three weeks before admission, she began to use intra...
Cicatricial Organizing Pneumonia with Dendriform Pulmonary Ossification: An Unusual Cause for a Recurrent Pneumothorax

Cicatricial organizing pneumonia is an uncommon form of organizing pneumonia, which may manifest as persisting linear opacities on computerized tomography (CT) scan mimicking a fibrosing interstitial pneumonia. It may also manifest with pulmonary ossification, which is a metaplastic bone formation within the lung tissue. The latter presentation could be either nodular or dendriform, both secondary to underlying lung disease and rarely idiopathic. Dendriform pulmonary ossification (DPO) has rarely been described as a cause of spontaneous pneumothorax. We present a case of a 55-year-old male with history of recurrent pneumothoraces and worsening dyspnea on exertion. A CT of the chest revealed progressive bilateral sub-pleural and peribronchovascular reticular opacities associated with densely ossified branching and nodular opacities. Video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy of the lung demonstrated cicatricial organizing pneumonia with areas of marked diffuse DPO. The case highlights that dendriform pulmonary ossification arising from cicatricial organizing pneumonia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of recurrent pneumonias among patients with lower lobe sub-pleural reticular opacities. The case highlights that dendriform pulmonary ossification rarely can cause spontaneous pneumothorax and can be associated with cicatricial organizing pneumonia and reticular opacities on imaging.
Catalytic Hydroetherification of Unactivated Alkenes Enabled by Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer

We report a catalytic, light-driven method for the intramolecular hydroetherification of unactivated alkenols to furnish cyclic ether products. These reactions occur under visible-light irradiation in the presence of an IrIII -based photoredox catalyst, a Bronsted base catalyst, and a hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) co-catalyst. Reactive alkoxy radicals are proposed as key intermediates, generated by direct homolytic activation of alcohol O-H bonds through a proton-coupled electron-transfer mechanism. This method exhibits a broad substrate scope and high functional-group tolerance, and it accommodates a diverse range of alkene substitution patterns. Results demonstrating the extension of this catalytic system to carboetherification reactions are also presented.
Assessment of Brain Injury Using Portable, Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging at the Bedside of Critically Ill Patients

Importance Neuroimaging is a key step in the clinical evaluation of brain injury. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems operate at high-strength magnetic fields (1.5-3 T) that require strict, access-controlled environments. Limited access to timely neuroimaging remains a key structural barrier to effectively monitor the occurrence and progression of neurological injury in intensive care settings. Recent advances in low-field MRI technology have allowed for the acquisition of clinically meaningful imaging outside of radiology suites and in the presence of ferromagnetic materials at the bedside. Objective To perform an assessment of brain injury in critically ill patients in intensive care unit settings, using a portable, low-field MRI device at the bedside. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a prospective, single-center cohort study of 50 patients admitted to the neuroscience or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) intensive care units at Yale New Haven Hospital in New Haven, Connecticut, from October 30, 2019, to May 20, 2020. Patients were eligible if they presented with neurological injury or alteration, no contraindications for conventional MRI, and a body habitus not exceeding the scanner’s 30-cm vertical opening. Diagnosis of COVID-19 was determined by positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 polymerase chain reaction nasopharyngeal swab result. Exposures Portable MRI in an intensive care unit room. Main Outcomes and Measures Demographic, clinical, radiological, and treatment data were collected and analyzed. Brain imaging findings are described. Results Point-of-care MRI examinations were performed on 50 patients (16 women [32%]; mean [SD] age, 59 [12] years [range, 20-89 years]). Patients presented with ischemic stroke (n = 9), hemorrhagic stroke (n = 12), subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 2), traumatic brain injury (n = 3), brain tumor (n = 4), and COVID-19 with altered mental status (n = 20). Examinations were acquired at a median of 5 (range, 0-37) days after intensive care unit admission. Diagnostic-grade T1-weighted, T2-weighted, T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and diffusion-weighted imaging sequences were obtained for 37, 48, 45, and 32 patients, respectively. Neuroimaging findings were detected in 29 of 30 patients who did not have COVID-19 (97%), and 8 of 20 patients with COVID-19 (40%) demonstrated abnormalities. There were no adverse events or complications during deployment of the portable MRI or scanning in an intensive care unit room. Conclusions and Relevance This single-center series of patients with critical illness in an intensive care setting demonstrated the feasibility of low-field, portable MRI. These findings demonstrate the potential role of portable MRI to obtain neuroimaging in complex clinical care settings.
Estimating microbial mat biomass in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica using satellite imagery and ground surveys

Cyanobacterial mat communities are the main drivers of primary productivity in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. These microbial communities form laminar mats on desert pavement surfaces adjacent to glacial meltwater streams, ponds, and lakes. The low-density nature of these communities and their patchy distribution make assessments of distribution, biomass, and productivity challenging. We used satellite imagery coupled with in situ surveying, imaging, and sampling to systematically estimate microbial mat biomass in selected wetland regions in Taylor Valley, Antarctica. On January 19th, 2018, the WorldView-2 multispectral satellite acquired an image of our study areas, where we surveyed and sampled seven 100 m2 plots of microbial mats for percent ground cover, ash-free dry mass (AFDM), and pigment content (chlorophyll-a, carotenoids, and scytonemin). Multispectral analyses revealed spectral signatures consistent with photosynthetic activity (relatively strong reflection at near-infrared wavelengths and relatively strong absorption at visible wavelengths), with average normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values of 0.09 to 0.28. Strong correlations of microbial mat ground cover (R2 = 0.84), biomass (R2 = 0.74), chlorophyll-a content (R2 = 0.65), and scytonemin content (R2 = 0.98) with logit transformed NDVI values demonstrate that satellite imagery can detect both the presence of microbial mats and their key biological properties. Using the NDVI—biomass correlation we developed, we estimate carbon (C) stocks of 21,715 kg (14.7 g C m−2) in the Canada Glacier Antarctic Specially Protected Area, with an upper and lower limit of 74,871 and 6312 kg of C, respectively.
An Adult Case of Heart Failure due to Left Main Coronary Artery Atresia.

Left main coronary artery (LMCA) atresia is a rare congenital heart disease and can be fatal in pediatric patients. We report an adult case of LMCA atresia, in which heart failure developed without episodes suggesting angina. A 40-year-old man presented with difficulty breathing. Echocardiography revealed diffuse hypokinesis of the left ventricle with an ejection fraction of 22% in the absence of significant valvular disease. A diagnosis of heart failure was made, and diuretics, enalapril, bisoprolol and warfarin were administered. Coronary angiography demonstrated no trace of the ostium of the LMCA in the sinuses of Valsalva; the middle to distal part of the LMCA was visualized by rich collateral flow from the right coronary artery to the left anterior descending coronary artery and left circumflex coronary artery. No trace of the ostium of the LMCA from the aorta or main pulmonary artery was detected on computed tomography angiography or echocardiography. The patient underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and a final diagnosis of congenital atresia of LMCA was made. The clinical course was uneventful and computed tomography angiography, performed 5 days after surgery, showed a patent bypass graft. This case demonstrates the importance of considering LMCA atresia even in the absence of chest symptoms suggesting angina in patients with heart failure. J Med Cases. 2021;12(6):233-237 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc3681
On the UV Bright Phase of Metal-Rich Horizontal-Branch Stars

We consider the origin of the UV bright phase of metal-rich helium-burning stars, the slow blue phase (SBP), that was predicted by various earlier works. Based on improved physics including OPAL opacities, we confirm the existence of the SBP. In addition to our grid of evolutionary tracks, we provide an analytical understanding of the main characteristics of the SBP phenomenon. The SBP is slow because it is a slow evolving helium-shell-burning phase which is analogous to the early AGB phase. The SBP of a more metal-rich star is slower than a metal-poor counterpart if their Teff's are the same because a more metal-rich helium-burning star has a smaller mass than a metal-poor one and because lifetime increases as mass decreases. Metal-rich helium-burning stars easily become hot because the luminosity from the hydrogen-burning shell is extremely sensitive to the mean molecular weight whereas the luminosity from the helium-burning core is not. We suggest that the SBP phenomenon is a major cause of the UV upturn phenomenon in giant elliptical galaxies as will be shown in subsequent papers. The new HB tracks can be retrieved from S.Y.'s web site this http URL
Evaluation of Probing Signals for Implementing Moving Horizon Inertia Estimation in Microgrids

This paper investigates the design of low-level probing signals for accurate estimation of inertia and damping constants in microgrids. Increasing utilization of renewable energy sources and their different dynamics has created unknowns in time-varying system inertia and damping constants. Thus, it is difficult to know these parameters at any given time in converter-dominated microgrids. This paper describes the design characteristics, considerations, methodology, and accuracy level of different probing signals in determining unknown parameters of a system. The main goal of this paper is to find an effective probing signal with a simple implementation and minimal impacts on power system operation. The test-case model in this paper analyzes nonintrusive excitation signals to perturb a power system model (i.e., square wave, multisine wave, filtered white Gaussian noise, and pseudo-random binary sequence). A moving horizon estimation (MHE)-based approach is then implemented in an energy storage system (ESS) in MATLAB/Simulink for estimation of inertia and damping constants of a system based on frequency measurements from a local phase-locked-loop (PLL). The accuracy of parameter estimates alters depending on the chosen probing signal; when estimating inertia and damping constants using MHE with the different probing signals, square waves yielded the lowest error.
Military masculinity and postwar recovery in the Soviet Union

The Second World War rewrote the script for the Soviet gender order. Half a million women served in the Soviet armed forces, while the conflict resulted in the deaths of twenty million men, leading...
Mobilization of Resources and Emergency Response on the National Scale

Mass casualty incidents are increasingly common. They are defined by large numbers of patients arriving nearly simultaneously, overwhelming available resources needed for optimal care. They require rapid mobilization of resources to provide optimal outcomes and limit disability and death. Because the mechanism of injury in a mass casualty incident is often traumatic in nature, surgeons should be aware of the critical role they play in planning and response. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is a notable, resulting in a sustained surge of critically ill patients. Initial response requires local mobilization of resources; large-scale events potentially require a national response.
Neutron Spectroscopic Studies of Dilute Hydrogen in Pure and Defected Metals

A review is presented of recent work at NBS on the study of vibration spectra of hydrogen isotopes bound at low concentration (⪝1%) in both pure metals and metals containing interstitial and substitutional traps. Results will be discussed for neutron spectra of Nb, Ta, V, and Pd-hydrogen systems, including preliminary work on palladium and titanium alloys and studies of isotope dependence. Spectroscopic results for hydrogen trapped by O, N, and Ti impurities will be discussed in detail and compared to other systems which do not exhibit trapped states at low temperature. The implications of these results in terms of models for the local environment of trapping sites will be considered. Very recent neutron data on the concentration dependence of local modes in α- and β-phase palladium hydrides and deuterides will also be presented.
LEARNING FROM EXPLORATION INFORMATION The Case of Uranium

Abstract Although the theoretical role of exploration information has been well considered in the literature, approaches to utilizing such information are comparatively rare. This paper considers how exploration information might be utilized. A statistical learning model is developed which facilitates the ingestion of exploration information. We find that the random rate at which ore is found is best estimated by a simple transformation of a generalization of the student's t -distribution. The learning model is then applied to the United States uranium industry to see how estimates of total stock and the rate at which the ore is found are likely to change over time. Finally, the potential value of this information to society is considered.
Biosynthesis of fusarochromanone and its monoacetyl derivative by Fusarium equiseti.

Abstract One fluorescent compound previously named TDP-2 was isolated and purified from a rice culture of Fusarium equiseti (Alaska 2-2). Mass spectral and nuclear magnetic resonance data indicated that it is a C-3'-N-acetyl derivative of fusarochromanone, a newly discovered mycotoxin. Time course studies of synthesis of these two compounds on autoclaved rice and Czapek-Dox medium enriched with soybean peptone indicated that fusarochromanone was converted to TDP-2 in the cultures. A high concentration of peptone in the liquid medium may stimulate both fusarochromanone synthesis and its conversion to TDP-2.
A Reponse to Professor McAllister's Reply to My Review of Making Law Matter

This short piece, part of the "Rainforests and Regulation: New Directions in Brazilian Environmental Law and Legal Institutions" edition of this publication, replies to Professor McAllister's reading of my review of her book. Specifically, it addresses three points, namely our disagreement about (1) the relation between agencies and prosecutors in environmental enforcement in Brazil, (2) her treatment of the Public Ministry in her book and (3) the need to consider social and economic equality in a study of Brazilian prosecutors.