cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Flow and polypide distribution in the cheilostome bryozoan Bugula and their inference in Archimedes

Cilia-generated flow in the absence of ambient current is directed from frontal to reverse sides of branches in Bugula turrita, B. turbinata, B. neritina, and B. stolonifera, whether axes of feeding lophophores are perpendicular to the basal plane of branches or are tilted toward distal ends of branches. Ambient current less than 5 cm per second interacts with cilia-generated flow, but ambient flow of 15 cm per second destroys self-generated colonial flow and severely hampers feeding. Polypides are located in the more distal, younger portions of colonies, in species with and without polypide recycling, whereas zooids in the more proximal, older portions are senesced. Presence of feeding polypides in distal but not in proximal portions of the larger spiralled colonies of B. turrita and B. turbinata results in downward, slightly radially directed flow through the colony. The colonial flow passes directly from one whorl to the next-proximal so that water exits from low around the colony perimeter, and a proximally expanding conical stagnant zone occupies the interior of the colony. A substantial percentage of zooecia in distal whorls of well-preserved Archimedes is filled by sediment and inferred to have been occupied by actively feeding polypides. whereas spar-filled zooecia capped by terminal diaphragms were apparently senesced during the latter part of a colony's existence. The capped zooecia constitute an increasing percentage of the total in more proximal whorls. Generally similar colony form and inferred similarity in distribution of current-generating polypides in spiralled colonies of Bugula and in Archimedes suggest that colony-generated flow in Archimedes was similar to that in Bugula, passing downward and then outward, and only through the distal whorls of the colonies.
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging UTE-T2* Mapping of Cartilage and Meniscus Healing After Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background:An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury greatly increases the risk for premature knee osteoarthritis (OA). Improved diagnosis and staging of early disease are needed to develop strategies to delay or prevent disabling OA.Purpose:Novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ultrashort echo time (UTE)–T2* mapping was evaluated against clinical metrics of cartilage health in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of human participants before and after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) to show reversible deep subsurface cartilage and meniscus matrix changes.Study Design:Cohort study (diagnosis/prognosis); Level of evidence, 2.Methods:Forty-two participants (31 undergoing anatomic ACLR; 11 uninjured) underwent 3-T MRI inclusive of a sequence capturing short and ultrashort T2 signals. An arthroscopic examination of the medial meniscus was performed, and modified Outerbridge grades were assigned to the central and posterior medial femoral condyle (cMFC and pMFC, respectively) of ACL-reconstructed patients. Two...
IMMUNOLOGIC INCOMPETENCE OF IMMUNOLOGICALLY RUNTED ANIMALS.

1. Adult (A x C57Bl/1)F1 hybrids regularly show runt disease when injected with adult spleen cells from A strain donors. This also occurs when A strain spleen cells are administered to adult C3H mice made tolerant of A strain tissue in the neonatal period. 2. Mice undergoing the graft versus host reaction fail to form antibodies to an intraperitoneal challenge of T2 bacteriophage. This phenomenon was observed well before any of the other overt signs of runting had occurred. Further, inhibition of antibody production to T2 phage by graft versus host reaction initiated at an interval following antigenic stimulation is demonstrated. 3. The basis for the immunologic incompetence of the host with respect to T2 phage is presumed to be the attack of immunologically competent donor cells on the lymphoid cells of the recipient. 4. The failure of the injected parent strain cells to respond to the antigen used may imply immunologic commitment of these cells.
Ethical Responsibilities and Perceptions of Stakeholders of Genetic Research Involving Racial/Ethnic Minority Participants

Background: Genetic research involving racial/ethnic populations has novel ethical implications for various stakeholders, but ethical acceptability among stakeholders regarding such research is not clear. Methods: As part of a multifaceted National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)/National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) funded survey, we used repeated-measures factorial multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to compare the perspectives of institutional review board (IRB) chairs (n = 203), investigators (n = 183), and community members (n = 192) on the ethical acceptability of participating in and reporting of psychiatric genetic research focused on racial/ethnic minority groups. Stakeholder views were assessed with two sets of three questions. Results: All stakeholder groups perceived participation in genetic studies focused on racial/ethnic groups as ethically acceptable and endorsed as ethical any decisions by racial/ethnic minorities to decline to participate in such studies if concerned ...
Ethical variability: Drug development and globalizing clinical trials

The rapid growth of pharmaceutical markets has led to increased demands for human subjects for drug research, particularly in low-income countries. For regulatory, economic, and even biological reasons, new populations are being pursued as human subjects for pharmaceutical trials. In this article I consider the evolution of commercialized clinical trials and ethical and regulatory environments as they contribute to a dramatic growth of human-subjects involvement in research. I focus on the operations of U.S.-based contract research organizations (CROs), which make up a specialized global industry focusing on human-subjects recruitment and research and the on ways in which they expedite drug testing to low-income contexts. Specifically, I analyze how these transstate actors interact with regulatory authorities in the United States and how they recast international ethical guidelines as they organize trials for research subjects abroad.
THE QUANTUM SUPERPOSITION PRINCIPLE JUSTIFIED IN A NEW NON-ARISTOTELIAN FINITARY LOGIC

In the proposed non-Aristotelian finitary logic (NAFL), truths for formal propositions can exist only with respect to axiomatic theories, essentially as temporary axiomatic declarations in the human mind. An undecidable proposition P in a consistent NAFL theory T is true/false with respect to T if and only if it has been axiomatically declared as true/false by virtue of its provability/refutability in an interpretation T* of T. In the absence of any such axiomatic declarations, P is in a superposed state of 'neither true nor false' and the consistency of T requires the existence of a non-classical model for T in which P&¬P is the case. Here T* is an axiomatic NAFL theory that, like T, resides in the human mind and acts as the 'truth-maker' for (a model of) T. Quantum superposition is justified by identifying 'axiomatic declarations' for the truth/falsity of P (by virtue of its provability/refutability in T*) with 'measurement' in the real world. NAFL also explains and de-mystifies the phenomenon of entanglement. NAFL severely restricts classical infinitary reasoning, but possibly provides sufficient machinery for a consistent axiomatization of quantum mechanics.
Analysis of metalized 4H-SiC for high-temperature electric weapon applications

While silicon (Si) based electronic materials and devices continue to play a dominant role in much of the electrical power industry, novel high-power and high-temperature materials are of great interest to the electric combat systems community. The technical interest in silicon carbide (SiC) is mainly due to its ability to operate at greatly elevated power and temperature (>300/spl deg/C) levels compared to its Si-based counterpart. High-power and temperature pulsed-power electronics can be exploited by future military combat systems, which could potentially provide significantly improved combat vehicle performance including increased lethality through extending the maximum obtainable gun performance using advanced electric weapon concepts such as electrothermal-chemical (ETC) and electromagnetic (EM) gun technologies.
Analysis of the clinical diagnosis data of four experimental detection methods for pediatric syphilis.

Background The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical testing data of syphilis suspected children, to give more comprehensive detection information and offer experimental basis for the clinical diagnosis of syphilis. Methods From April 2010 to December 2012, 141 suspected syphilis children, 0-3 years old in XuZhou Children's Hospital were selected and divided into two groups: infants group (0-1 years old, 119 cases) and children group (1-3 years old, 22 cases). Blood samples were collected from these children and following experimental detection methods were used: the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test, the colloidal gold test (SYP), the enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) and the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) test. The relevant experimental data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. Results The positive rate of ELISA was the highest, RPR was the lowest; the positive rate of SYP and TPPA were higher than RPR, the positive rate of SYP and TPPA were lower than ELISA, and the differences were statistically significant. Among the 86 false positives, the rate for ELISA was the highest, and no TPPA false positive was found. False positive were higher in the children group than the infant group. Conclusions High false positive rate of ELISA could be caused by hemolysis. RPR had low sensitivity in suspected syphilis neonates, and SYP was suitable for emergency treatment. TPPA was fit for the diagnosis of syphilis. Thus a combination of all these methods would be the best choice to cure syphilis infection in children. Final diagnosis can only be confirmed after periodically reexamining samples of suspected syphilis children.
Improving antenatal care in prisons

Despite clear international standards that mandate equivalent care for people in prison, pregnant women in these settings face significant barriers to adequate antenatal care. 3–5
Suicide and social justice toward a political approach to suicide

While individual cases of suicide can frequently generate widespread feelings of loss and grief, a collective sense of political responsibility for the enduring and differential conditions of suicidality remains missing today. The aim of this article is to develop the broad outlines of a political approach to suicide as a matter of social justice. In contrast to the dominant psychological and psychiatric approaches to the study and prevention of suicide, this article advances the thesis that suicide is a solitary "answer" to a set of collective and institutional questions about the conditions of a dignified human existence that we (i.e., most political societies) have not confronted in a meaningful or sustained way. I argue that a political account of suicide should ultimately point in the direction of a new right to life movement, the aim of which is to secure the conditions of human dignity for all persons. Language: en
A Continuous-Flow Approach to Palladium-Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation Reactions

Using a continuous-flow approach, it is possible to perform alkoxycarbonylation reactions of aryl iodides. Optimized reactor design allows for adequate mixing of gaseous and liquid reagents. Reacti...
Characterization of plasma disturbances in a Hall discharge using a double probe

An electrostatic double probe is used to explore the properties of plasma fluctuations in a closed electron-drift Hall discharge. Two negatively biased low-impedance probes separated in the azimuthal direction within the acceleration channel are used to identify coherent structures related to propagating plasma density disturbances. The time-average ion saturation current from a single probe is found to be dependent on both the axial and azimuthal position. The latter is due to azimuthal variations in the magnetic field strength, as the ion saturation current is found to increase at locations coincident with the positioning of the magnetic solenoids. The identified plasma disturbances from a single probe are also found to be strongly dependent on axial position, and where on the V-I envelope the discharge is operated. The strongest disturbances are located near the exit plane, where the magnetic field is the strongest. An analysis of the phase between frequency-resolved coherent disturbances identified on both probes separated azimuthally provides a preliminary mapping of the wave dispersion. At the lowest discharge operating voltage, where the Hall discharge is operating in the ionization branch of the V-I characteristic, this map of the wave dispersion shows that these structures have an associated randomness in propagation direction and/or propagation velocity.
Differences between invasive lobular and invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: results and therapeutic implications

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common histologic subtype of breast cancer (BC): ILC differs from invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in its clinicopathological characteristics and responsiveness to systemic therapy. From the clinical standpoint, data suggest that ILC derives a distinct benefit from systemic therapy compared to IDC. In addition, comprehensive molecular analyses have been reported for ILCs, confirming that these tumors have specific genomic profiles compared to IDC. Despite these differences, clinical trials and practical clinical guidelines tend to treat BC as a single entity. Here we discuss these clinical and molecular data and their therapeutic implications.
Distinct regulation of Na+ reabsorption and Cl- secretion by arginine vasopressin in the amphibian cell line A6

The neurohypophysial peptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) increases Na+ absorption across A6 epithelia. In addition to the positive natriferic response, AVP increases net basolateral to apical Cl- fl...
Beacon trains: blazing a trail through dense BLE environments

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) was designed as a low power alternative to classic Bluetooth. However, the use of BLE in dense, Internet of Things (IoT) deployments results in high collision rates and wasted energy. In response, we present an in-depth evaluation of the effects of having a high density of both transmitting tags and scanning devices in IoT environments. Based on our evaluation, we introduce Beacon Train Mode, an additional mode targeting dense IoT deployments with large numbers of both tags and scanning devices. Our results show that although active scanning breaks down when there are 5 or more scanning devices, beacon trains scale to any number of scanning devices.
Preparation and gas transport properties of triptycene-containing polybenzoxazole (PBO)-based polymers derived from thermal rearrangement (TR) and thermal cyclodehydration (TC) processes

Polybenzoxazoles (PBOs), such as thermally rearranged (TR) polymers, have been shown to have excellent gas separation performance. Herein we report the preparation and transport properties of two new series of PBO-based polymers that were thermally derived from triptycene-containing o-hydroxy polyimide and polyamide precursors via a thermal rearrangement (TR) process and a thermal cyclodehydration (TC) process, respectively. Incorporation of triptycene units into poly(hydroxyimide) precursor structures led to a significant increase of fractional free volume and created ultrafine microporosity in the converted PBO-based TR polymers, which enabled both high gas permeabilities and high selectivities. Although the TC process of the poly(hydroxyamide) precursor led to moderate improvement in the separation performance of the resulting triptycene-containing PBO polymers as compared to the TR process, the PBO films converted via the TC process exhibited excellent mechanical properties superior to many other TR polymers previously reported in the literature as well as the triptycene-containing TR polymers in this study. In particular, the PBO film thermally rearranged at 450 °C showed a H2 pure gas permeability of 810 barrer, a CO2 permeability of 270 barrer, and CO2/CH4 and H2/CH4 selectivities of 67 and 200, respectively, at 35 °C and 11 atm, which are far beyond the upper bound limits.
Embedded track validation for tree search-based tracking of maneuvering targets

We propose an integrated track validation scheme for tree search-based target tracking. Embedded within the search algorithm, the proposed approach improves the robustness of tree search-based tracking in the presence of uncertain target motion models and heavy clutter. A likelihood ratio test is employed for each track estimate considered (e.g. each path in the search tree), and those falling below a threshold are eliminated. By pruning unlikely target paths from the search tree, the embedded track validation algorithm decreases the memory requirement of the tracker while concurrently improving tracking precision. Simulation results reveal improved tracker performance and demonstrate the effect of clutter and target maneuvers on the likelihood ratio.
Recommender Systems: Research Direction

Recommender systems are omnipresent on the web. They aim to address the problem of information overload. Recommender systems personalizes the content to each individual user based on their preferences. Currently, these systems are used to recommend movies, music, news, products to buy etc. They essentially assist us in making decisions. This paper presents the author's plan for his PhD research in this domain and research questions to be discussed at the WSDM 2017 Doctoral Consortium.
Minimizing fiber damage caused by spinning

Abstract: This chapter deals with the subject of fiber damage during spinning. Fiber damage is classified into many forms such as fiber breakage, loss of elasticity, surface deterioration, and fiber neps. Many parameters are introduced in this chapter that represent practical measures of the extent of fiber damage. Issues such as the trade-off between fiber cleaning and fiber damage, and the different modes of fiber damage expected in different yarn-forming or spinning systems, are discussed.
"From New Class Critique to White Nationalism: Telos, the Alt Right, and the Origins of Trumpism"

Since the contributions to this Special Issue consist of relatively brief statements, the Editorial Board of Konturen has decided to forego abstracts this time around. Please click on "html" or "pdf" below for the full document of this essay.
Confirmatory Validation and Measurement Equivalence of the Eating Loss of Control Scale in Binge Eating and Non-Clinical Samples

Although Loss of Control (LOC) is a transdiagnostic factor in eating pathology, there are few standalone assessments of LOC. The objective of this study was to evaluate the uni-dimensionality and measurement equivalence of the Eating Loss of Control Scale (ELOCS). Confirmatory factor analyses were used to achieve a well-fitting uni-dimensional model in clinical (N = 226) and non-clinical (N = 476) samples. Measurement equivalence was tested in a factor analytic framework, and effect sizes were computed to evaluate the impact of non-equivalence. A well-fitting model was achieved in both samples after the removal of 4 items. The instrument showed configural equivalence but not metric equivalence. Results suggest that the ELOCS is a reliable and valid measure of LOC in clinical and non-clinical samples. However, while the nature of the LOC construct is similar across binge eating and non-clinical participants, comparisons of ELOCS across these groups are affected by measurement non-equivalence. This research also revealed novel insights into the relative sensitivity of model fitting and effect size approaches to investigating measurement equivalence.
Pirates in the woods

When I was a couple months shy of my seventh birthday my family moved from West Virginia to Springfield, Massachusetts, where I was teased mercilessly because of the way I talked. ‘Come on Ricky … ...
The Business, Ethics, and Quality Cases for Consumer Engagement in Nursing.

OBJECTIVEThe aims of this study were to illustrate the quality, safety, cost-effectiveness, and ethics of consumer engagement initiatives and identify promising practices and leadership strategies used by nursing leaders.METHODSA literature review was performed with supplementary interviews conducte
Physical punishment of children by US parents: moving beyond debate to promote children’s health and well-being

Physical punishment remains a common practice in the USA despite significant empirical evidence of its potential harm and ineffectiveness, arguments that its use violates children’s human rights, and professional recommendations against its use. The purpose of the current paper is to offer explanations as to why, in the face of a worldwide movement to protect children from violence, the USA continues to support physical punishment of children. The paper also summarizes the various debates engaged in by experts that stem from these explanations for physical punishment and argue that the time has come to move beyond these debates and eliminate the physical punishment of children. We offer suggestions for changing attitudes and practices related to physical punishment of children in order to promote their health and well-being. We conclude by suggesting that the burden of proof in debates about physical punishment, which has typically fallen upon those who argue children should never be physically punished, should shift to those who continue to promote its use despite evidence of its harm and ineffectiveness.
Application of Ultrasonic Imaging Techniques for Evaluation of Equine Tendon Injury

The race-horses are prone to injuring their leg tendons, especially the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT). The SDFT injuries have a significant impact on the performance horse industry, accounting for an estimated 8–12% of all racing injuries. Historical data indicate that with traditional modes of therapy, there is approximately 40–50% chance the horse will return to athletic activity after significant SDFT injury. This represents a significant economic loss to racehorse owners and industry.
Measuring Adulthood: Adolescence and Gender in Renaissance Venice:

The perscriptive threshold of adulthood among late-medieval Venetian patricians appears very different for men and for women, centering on social (i.e., public) puberty as the gauge of male adulthood, physiological (i.e., childbearing) puberty that of female. Yet in practice men did not inevitably achieve the normative patriarchal outcome of a graduated, formalized adolescence; nor did adolescence end for all women with teenaged marriage and motherhood. Non-patriarchal male adulthoods and the graduated phases of the uxorial cycle for women modify the impression of sharp gender contrast that results from viewing age at marriage as the pivot of adulthood. Graduated adulthood in both sexes gave men and women alike the possibility of varied adult identities, responding to a range of choice and circumstance.
Decellularized Cortical Bone Scaffold Promotes Organized Neovascularization In Vivo.

Significant bone loss due to disease or traumatic injury requires surgical intervention to modulate the natural healing process of bone. The current bone grafting options, autografts and allografts...
Examining Pre-Service Engineering Technology Teacher Perceptions of Manufacturing

As the 4th industrial revolution permeates its way into the U.S. economy, so does an increase in demand for skilled workers in the manufacturing sector. However, Deloite’s 2017 report titled "Manufacturing matters: The public’s view of US manufacturing" suggests that although Americans value manufacturing as a strong economic sector, many Americans are reluctant to pursue manufacturing careers; specifically, one-third of the U.S. population would not encourage children to pursue a career in manufacturing. In addition, the literature suggests that very few high schools are using manufacturing curricula, for reasons commonly related to lack of money and resources. Furthermore, a review of university programs suggests that college-level teacher education students are not being exposed to the high demand for manufacturing workers, especially as a career choice for high school graduates. Considering K-12 teachers have a lot of potential for influencing students towards manufacturing [or away from manufacturing], there is a gap in addressing manufacturing awareness for pre-service teachers. This paper provides preliminary results from a qualitative study deploying participatory action research, with a focus on photo-voice and photo-elicitation. This study investigates pre-service engineering technology teacher perceptions of manufacturing and makes recommendations for increasing manufacturing awareness in K-12.
A Model Case: Specialized Group Home for Girls with Disabilities in India

The purpose of this intrinsic case study research was to better understand inclusion of girls with disabilities in Kolkata, India at a home and school for orphan girls. Non-institutionalized, inclusive, community-based care is rare in India, specifically for individuals with disabilities. This case study involved interviews (n = 32) with students, teachers and staff, observations, and document analysis. All transcripts were analyzed using structural and in vivo codes. A continuum of inclusion, designed to be culturally responsive, showcases different levels of integration. The end goal is true inclusion where individuals with disabilities are fully included in all aspects of their community such as education, employment and living. Once achieved, inclusion is embraced as the norm and can be a catalyst for growth. In this study, themes included: peer supports, creation of home, awareness of discrimination and staffing. Together, these embodied inclusive living at Shishur Sevay. Inclusive living serves as the foundation to build an inclusive education.
Resident Quality Training: More than Metrics

Graduate medical education (GME) plays a pivotal role in the way that health care is delivered in the United States. Not only is a significant share of patient care in many communities provided by greater than 122,000 resident physicians in the United States (Association of American Medical Colleges. GME Track 2017; Date accessed February 24, 2018), but these physicians go on to lead care delivery across the country in their practices and institutions upon completion of their formal training.
Discontinuity in the transport of strongly correlated two-dimensional hole systems in zero magnetic field

Adopting undoped ultraclean two-dimensional hole systems, we approach a strongly correlated limit by reducing the carrier density down to $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. The temperature dependence of the resistivity as a function of the carrier density reveals a characteristic energy scale displaying a benchmark critical behavior near a critical density of ${p}_{c}\ensuremath{\sim}4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. The insulating state below ${p}_{c}$ exhibits a sharp resistance discontinuity in response to heating across a critical temperature ${T}_{c1}\ensuremath{\sim}30\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mK}$, consistent with a first-order transition. The dc response also identifies a second critical temperature ${T}_{c2}$ where linear IV behavior is recovered. Similar effects are also demonstrated by varying an external electric field. The results support a complex quantum phase transition with intermediate phases.
General Surgery Applicants are Interested in Global Surgery, but Does It Affect Their Rank List?

Abstract Background The interest of medical students and surgery residents in global surgery continues to grow. Few studies have examined how the presence of global surgery opportunities influences an applicant’s decision to choose a surgical training program. We designed a survey to examine the interest in global surgery among general surgery residency applicants and the influence of a global surgery rotation on a general surgery residency applicant’s rank list. Methods In March 2019, an online 20-question qualitative survey was administered to all general surgery applicants to a single academic institution. Results were stratified into two applicant groups; applicants from domestic or international medical schools. The survey was designed to capture demographic information, previous global rotations or experiences, future interest in global surgery opportunities, and the importance of global surgery in choosing a residency program. Result s: A total of 179 (21% response rate) applicants completed the entire survey. Of the respondents 81% were interested in a global surgery rotation during residency, 56% considered a global surgery opportunity as moderately to extremely important to their residency rankings, 71% said they would rank a residency higher if it had a funded global surgery program compared to one without funding and 58% of the surveyed applicants were interested in incorporating global surgery into their future career. Conclusions Global surgery opportunities are important to some general surgery residency applicants. A majority of applicants believe a funded global surgery would positively influence their rank list. As residency programs train residents for their future careers greater consideration needs to be given to developing global surgery opportunities.
An underappreciated misclassification mechanism: implications of nondifferential dependent misclassification of covariate and exposure.

ABSTRACT Misclassification is a pervasive problem in assessing relations between exposures and outcomes. While some attention has been paid to the impact of dependence in measurement error between exposures and outcomes, there is little awareness of the potential impact of dependent error between exposures and covariates, despite the fact that this latter dependency may occur much more frequently, for example, when both are assessed by questionnaire. We explored the impact of nondifferential dependent exposure-confounder misclassification bias by simulating a dichotomous exposure (E), disease (D) and covariate (C) with varying degrees of non-differential dependent misclassification between C and E. We demonstrate that under plausible scenarios, an adjusted association can be a poorer estimate of the true association than the crude. Correlated errors in the measurement of covariate and exposure distort the covariate-exposure, covariate-outcome and exposure-outcome associations creating observed associations that can be greater than, less than, or in the opposite direction of the true associations. Under these circumstances adjusted associations may not be bounded by the crude association and true effect, as would be expected with nondifferential independent confounder misclassification. The degree and direction of distortion depends on the amount of dependent error, prevalence of covariate and exposure, and magnitude of true effect.
Cangrelor vs. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Background To date, there are no real-world studies comparing cangrelor to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPI) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Thus, we performed this study to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of cangrelor compared to GPI during PCI. Methods We identified patients who underwent PCI at our institution who received either cangrelor or GPI during PCI. Patients already on GPI or cangrelor prior to PCI or who received both cangrelor and GPI were excluded. Baseline demographics and clinical outcomes were extracted. Major bleeding is defined as a composite of major hematoma >4 cm, hematocrit drop >15, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Results A total of 2072 patients received adjunctive antiplatelet therapy during PCI (cangrelor [n=478]; GPI [n=1594]). Patients’ mean age was 61±12 years. Most (66%) presented with acute coronary syndrome. Patients who received cangrelor were older and had a higher percentage of acute coronary syndrome and lower baseline hematocrit in comparison with patients who received GPI. Procedural success was achieved in 94% of patients, with no difference between groups. Major bleeding events (1.7% vs. 5.1%, P=.001), any vascular complication rates, and hospital length of stay were significantly lower in the cangrelor group. In-hospital ischemic events did not differ between groups. On regression analysis, patients on cangrelor were noted to have significantly lower major bleeding events (OR 0.23; 95% CI, 0.09-0.59). Conclusions Balancing ischemic and bleeding risks with adjunctive antiplatelet drugs is of prime importance during PCI. Our real-world analysis shows that cangrelor is safe and effective when compared to GPI during PCI.
Exploration of Overdose Risk Score and Postoperative Complications and Health Care Use After Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Importance The adverse outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) associated with preoperative prescription drug use (ie, use of narcotics, sedatives, and stimulants) have been established but are not well quantified. Objective To test the association of preoperative overdose risk score (ORS) with postoperative health care use. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study was conducted using data on a consecutive sample of individuals who underwent primary TKA from November 2018 through March 2020 at a tertiary care health system. Data were collected using the Orthopaedic Minimal Data Set Episode of Care, a validated data-collection system for all elective orthopedic surgical interventions taking place within the health care system. Outcomes were assessed at 90 days postoperatively. Individuals whose preoperative baseline characteristics or ORS were not provided or who declined to participate were excluded. Data were analyzed from September through October 2020. Exposure Patient-specific preoperative ORS, as measured using NarxCare, associated with patterns of prescription drug use. Main Outcomes and Measures Associations between patient-specific ORS categories and 90-day postoperative health care use (ie, prolonged hospital length of stay [LOS; ie, >2 days], nonhome discharge, all-cause 90-day readmission, emergency department [ED] visits, and reoperation) were evaluated. Outcomes were also compared between a group of individuals with ORS less than 300 vs those with ORS 300 or greater who were propensity score matched (4:1; caliper, 0.1) using demographic characteristics (ie, age, sex, race, body mass index, and smoking status) and baseline comorbidities. Results Among 4326 individuals who underwent primary TKA, 2623 (60.63%) were women, 3602 individuals (83.26%) were White, the mean (SD) BMI was 32.8 (6.9), and the mean (SD) age was 66.6 (9.2) years; 90-day follow-up was available for the entire cohort. The predominant preoperative diagnosis was osteoarthritis, occurring among 4170 individuals (96.4%). For individuals with an ORS of 300 to 399, there were significantly higher odds of a prolonged LOS (odds ratio [OR], 2.03; 95% CI, 1.46-2.82;P Conclusions and Relevance This study found that higher ORS was associated with increased health care use after primary TKA. These findings suggest that an ORS of 300 or greater could be used to designate increased risk and guide the preoperative surgeon-patient discussion to modify prescription drug use patterns.
Correlation of the Peripapillary Anatomy with the Disc Damage and Field Abnormalities in Glaucoma

The thesis of this presentation is that the conformation of the peripapillary tissues helps determine how susceptible a particular disc is to pressure-induced damage, and also which portion of the disc (and field) will be most affected. The evidence comes from the clinical records of 108 patients seen at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute.
Review of: Color Atlas of Forensic Pathology

This is a collection of 750 color photographs illustrating post-mortem changes, natural diseases, and injuries commonly seen during the course of death investigations. Brief discussions preceed each of the major topic areas, and the caption with each photograph is adequate to focus the readers' attention to the feature(s) being illustrated.
Revascularization in Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Does Myocardial Viability Even Matter?

Left ventricular dysfunction is a powerful prognostic predictor in patients with coronary artery disease and increasing number of patients with CAD and ischemic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is a major clinical problem. Congestive heart failure is a frequent complication which is associated with significant health care costs and two–third of cases have ischemic cardiomyopathy. In such patients, coronary revascularization can lead to symptomatic and prognostic improvement and reversal of LV remodeling which led to the concept of viable myocardium to select patients in whom recovery of LV function and improvement of prognosis will outweigh the risk of surgical revascularization. The aim of this review article is to understand the different modalities for assessing myocardial viability and clinical impact of revascularization in relation to the evidence of viability in patients with LV dysfunction.
TRACE ELEMENT ZONING AND INCIPIENT METAMICTIZATION IN A LUNAR ZIRCON : APPLICATION OF THREE MICROPROBE TECHNIQUES

We have determined major (Si, Zr, Hf), minor (Al, Y, Fe, P), and trace element (Ca, Sc, Ti, Ba, REE, Th, U) concentrations and Raman spectra of a zoned, 200 microns zircon grain in lunar sample 14161,7069, a quartz monzodiorite breccia collected at the Apollo 14 site. Analyses were obtained on a thin section in situ with an ion microprobe, an electron microprobe, and a laser Raman microprobe. The zircon grain is optically zoned in birefringence, a reflection of variable (incomplete) metamictization resulting from zo- nation in U and Th concentrations. Variations in the concentrations of U and Th correlate strongly with those of other high-field-strength trace elements and with changes in Raman spectral parameters. Concentrations of U and Th range from 21 to 55 ppm and 6 to 31 ppm, respectively, and correlate with lower Raman peak intensities, wider Raman peaks, and shifted Si-O peak positions. Concentrations of heavy rare earth elements range over a factor of three to four and correlate with intensities of fluorescence peaks. Correlated variations in trace element concentrations reflect the original magmatic differentiation of the parental melt approx. 4 b.y. ago. Degradation of the zircon structure, as reflected by the observed Raman spectral parameters, has occurred in this sample over a range of alpha-decay event dose from approx. 5.2 x 10(exp 14) to 1.4 x 10(exp 15) decay events per milligram of zircon, as calculated from the U and Th concentrations. This dose is well below the approx. 10(exp 16) events per milligram cumulative dose that causes complete metamictization and indicates that laser Raman microprobe spectroscopy is an analytical technique that is very sensitive to the radiation-induced damage in zircon.
Business Driven Technology with Premium Content Card

Business Driven Technology discusses various business initiatives first and how technology supports those initiatives second. The premise for this unique approach is that business initiatives should drive technology choices. Every discussion first addresses the business needs and then addresses the technology that supports those needs Table of contents Chapter 1 Business Driven TechnologyChapter 2 Identifying Competitive AdvantagesChapter 3 Strategic Initiatives for Implementing Competitive AdvantagesChapter 3 Measuring the Success of Strategic InitiativesChapter 4 Organizational Structures that Support Strategic InitiativesChapter 5 Valuing Organizational InformationChapter 6 Storing Organizational Information – DatabasesChapter 7 Accessing Organizational Information – Data WarehouseChapter 8 Enabling the Organization – Decision MakingChapter 9 Extending the Organization – Supply Chain ManagementChapter 10 Building a Customer-Centric Organization – Customer Relationship ManagementChapter 11 Integrating the Organization from End-to-End – Enterprise Resource PlanningChapter 12 Creating Innovative OrganizationsChapter 13 E-BusinessChapter 14 Creating Collaborative PartnershipsChapter 15 Integrating Wireless Technology in BusinessChapter 16 Building Software to Support an Agile OrganizationChapter 17 Outsourcing in the 21st CenturyChapter 18 Developing a 21st Century Organization Business Plug-InsB1 Business BasicsB2 Business ProcessB3 Hardware and SoftwareB4 Enterprise ArchitecturesB5 Networks, Telecommunications, and Wireless ComputingB6 Information SecurityB7 EthicsB8 Supply Chain ManagementB9 Customer Relationship ManagementB10 Enterprise Resource PlanningB11 E-Business ModelsB12 Emerging Trends and TechnologyB13 Strategic OutsourcingB14 Systems DevelopmentB15 Project ManagementTechnical Plug-InsT1 Personal Productivity Using IT (OLC only)T2 Basic Skills Using Excel (OLC only)T3 Problem Solving Using Excel (OLC only)T4 Decision Making Using Excel (OLC only)T5 Designing Database Applications (OLC only)T6 Basic Skills Using Access (OLC only)T7 Problem Solving Using Access (OLC only)T8 Decision Making Using Access (OLC only)T9 Designing Web Pages (OLC only)T10 Creating Web Pages Using HTML (OLC only)T11 Creating Web Pages Using Dreamweaver (OLC only)T12 Creating Gantt Charts with Excel and Microsoft Project (OLC only)
Characterization of the spoT gene of Escherichia coli.

The Escherichia coli spoT gene encodes a guanosine-3′,5′-bispyrophosphate (ppGpp) 3′-pyrophosphohydrolase known to be responsible for cellular (ppGpp) degradation. The DNA sequence of the spoT region is presented. The spoT gene is deduced to be 702 codons long, with a probable UUG initiation codon, and a deduced mass of 79,342 daltons. Two spoT mutations (spoT202 and spoT203) have been localized to an open reading frame by complementation of function as well as by genetic marker rescue. The ability to overexpress the spoT gene is limited, but enough ppGppase activity can be made to reverse ppGpp accumulation during the stringent response to amino acid starvation. The spoT gene is located within a larger spo operon and is flanked by two smaller genes. The first gene in the operon encodes omega, a protein that copurifies with RNA polymerase (Gentry, D. R., and Burgess, R. R. (1986) Gene (Amst.) 48, 33–40). The spoT gene is the second gene in the operon; it is followed by a third open reading frame deduced to encode a protein with a mass of 25,343 daltons. Insertion of a kanamycin resistance gene in the omega gene reduces spoT gene expression as judged by lowered ppGppase activity, relA-dependent reduction of growth rate, and abolition of spoT mutant complementation activity. These effects are reversed by expression of the spoT gene, but not the omega gene, in trans. Transcription of the spo operon occurs in a clockwise direction on the E. coli chromosome and is probably directed by at least two promoters.
The prevalence of and attitudes toward neonatal functional echocardiography use and training in the United States: a survey of neonatal intensive care unit medical directors.

Background Internationally, neonatologists are increasingly performing functional echocardiography to evaluate the hemodynamic status and cardiac function in neonates. The purpose of this study was to describe the current prevalence of and attitudes toward the use and training of neonatologists in functional echocardiography in the United States. Methods An anonymous survey was sent to United States neonatal intensive care unit medical directors. Neonatologists scored availability of echocardiography and attitudes toward the use and training of neonatologists in functional echocardiography. Results Response rate was 43.7% (247 of 565 surveys sent) and captured 95% of the neonatal-perinatal training programs. Nine percent of units had a functional echocardiography trained neonatologist; eight percent of the neonatal-perinatal training programs offered functional echocardiography training. There was no difference in the timely ability to obtain hemodynamic status with echocardiography in units compared by the presence of functional echocardiography trained neonatologists (mean = 3.13 vs. 2.67, p = 0.08) and fellowships (mean = 2.69 vs. 2.72, p = 0.85). Overall positive attitudes (mean = 14.6 ± 3.46) towards the training of neonatologists in functional echocardiography did not correlate with the perceived timely availability of echocardiography support (mean = 2.72 ± 1.43, r = -0.11, p = 0.1). Conclusion Functional echocardiography use and training is not prevalent in the United States. There are positive attitudes toward the training of neonatologists in functional echocardiography that are independent of the presence of fellowships, neonatologists with echocardiography training, and the perceived availability of echocardiography support.
Endogenous enclosure in North-South trade

We show that the second-best case against the optimality of free trade remains valid in the face of a well-targeted, but costly, policy response. Trade between a North, where property rights can be enforced at relatively low cost, and an otherwise identical South, yields trade patterns and welfare results nearly identical to those previously shown to arise if North and South differ exogenously in the extent of control over resources. Both nations respond optimally to world prices, and the opening of trade leads to the development of property rights in the South. Nonetheless, for a set of world prices bounded by the South's autarky price, the South is better off under autarky and is made worse off by each increase in its export price. On montre que l'optimum de second ordre par rapport a l'optimalite du libre echange reste valide quand on fait face a une strategie de reponse bien ciblee mais couteuse. Le commerce entre un Nord ou les droits de propriete sont polices a un cout relativement bas, et un Sud identique sauf pour ce qui est de ce facteur, engendre des patterns de commerce et de bien-etre a peu pres identiques aux resultats obtenus si Nord et Sud different de maniere exogene dans le controle qu’ils ont sur les ressources. Les deux pays repondent optimalement aux prix mondiaux, et l’ouverture du commerce entraine le developpement de droits de propriete dans le Sud. Toutefois, pour un ensemble de prix mondiaux bornes par les prix d’autarcie du Sud, le Sud s’en tire mieux en autarcie, et voit sa situation s’empirer a proportion que son prix a l’exportation s’accroit.
‘He's got no game’: young men's stories about failed romantic and sexual experiences

This study examined how 12 small groups of young adult male friends (N = 36 participants; ages 18–23) told stories about romantic and sexual experiences. Contrary to the expectation that male friends will boast and brag to one another about their romantic endeavors, the young men's romantic and sexual stories were often about embarrassing romantic and sexual mishaps and gaffes. Like the ‘lovable loser’ laddishness that parades itself in television shows and advertisements, these forays into non-heroic masculinity were cloaked in a knowing irony and self-reflexivity that made it difficult to determine whether their positions were complicit with or resistant to normative masculinity. Critical discursive analyses focus on how positions of failed gamesmanship function in the accomplishment of male homosociality, how a sense of conventionality or ordinariness is re-claimed, and what these processes reveal about the shifting nature of hegemonic masculinity in contemporary culture.