cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Behavior and performance of adsorptive natural gas storage cylinders during discharge

Abstract Adsorbed natural gas (ANG) has the potential to replace compressed natural gas in mobile storage applications, such as in vehicles. Although a substantial research effort has been devoted to ANG, very few studies evaluate the impact of heat of adsorption on system performance. This paper concentrates on the impact of heat of adsorption on ANG performance during discharge, while the gas outflow rate is dictated by the energy demand of the application. The temperature drop and performance loss was measured with commercially available ANG cylinders under realistic conditions. Data show as high as a 37°C temperature drop at high discharge rate, with a performance loss approaching 25% of isothermal capacity. The performance loss is expected to be 15–20% at moderate discharge rates. Analysis of data and predictions of a simple model indicate that the ANG system is neither adiabatic nor isothermal during discharge; the thermal capacity of the vessel wall and external heat transfer conditions have a significant effect on system behavior. The poor thermal conductivity of packed adsorbent is a major obstacle for the utilization of these energy sources. Changing the flow direction during discharge from axial to radial by a perforated tube inserted at the center of the cylinder significantly reduces the performance loss by increasing the heat transfer from the wall to the central region. At intermediate discharge rates, where the inserted tube has the largest impact, the performance loss is reduced to 12% from 22% without the tube under identical conditions.
Prediction of protein tertiary structure to low resolution: performance for a large and structurally diverse test set.

Abstract We report the tertiary structure predictions for 95 proteins ranging in size from 17 to 160 residues starting from known secondary structure. Predictions are obtained from global minimization of an empirical potential function followed by the application of a refined atomic overlap potential. The minimization strategy employed represents a variant of the Monte Carlo plus minimization scheme of Li and Scheraga applied to a reduced model of the protein chain. For all of the cases except β-proteins larger than 75 residues, a native-like structure, usually 4–6 A root-mean-square deviation from the native, is located. For β-proteins larger than 75 residues, the energy gap between native-like structures and the lowest energy structures produced in the simulation is large, so that low RMSD structures are not generated starting from an unfolded state. This is attributed to the lack of an explicit hydrogen bond term in the potential function, which we hypothesize is necessary to stabilize large assemblies of β-strands.
Light sensitivity of melanophores in neural crest explants.

Les melanophores de la crete neurale de divers amphibiens isoles in vitro se sont montres sensibles a la lumiere. A la lumiere normale, ils s'etendent, mais se contractent rapidement dans l'obscurite. Cette sensibilite intrinseque pourrait renforcer la reaction qui produit la decoloration du corps chez les larves, mais n'en est pas la cause principale.
Toward a Theory of Process Synthesis

Some recent progress toward a general theory of process synthesis is reviewed. The discussion is centered around attempts to understand what F. J. M. Horn called the attainable regionroughly, the full set of outcomes (in some suitable state space) that might be realized from all possible designs within a broad class. The boundary of the attainable region is of special importance because it carries information about the outermost limits of what can be realized. We consider two major problems: the pure reactor synthesis problem, in which one tries to assess what might be attained from a specified feed in all steady-state processes that involve only reaction and mixing, and the reactor−separator synthesis problem, in which one tries to assess the full set of effluents attainable in broadly constrained processes when separators are also brought into play. For the pure reactor synthesis problem, we review how one can say a great dealin remarkably specific quantitative termsabout designs of classical reactors ...
SCR switch aids protection of superconducting coils

When a high field superconducting coil becomes resistive, degradation or failure of the coil may occur if the energy stored in the magnetic field is dissipated in the initial resistive portion of wire. By sensing the onset of the normal transition, it has been possible to disconnect the external power from the coil and transfer the coil energy to an external energy sink rapidly enough to reduce the likelihood of damage to the coil. A controlled rectifier static switching circuit has been employed, which is capable of interrupting 450 amperes dc and blocking 475 volts. The initiating signal for triggering the switch operation is obtained from a mutual inductor carrying the superconducting coil current. Obtaining a reliable initiating signal is complicated by "flux jumps" which occur in the superconducting coil. Although many different types of energy sinks can be employed to store the coil energy, a precharged capacitor has proved very effective for small size superconducting solenoids.
Tools for measuring daily activities in children: promoting independence and developing a language for child disability.

In adult medicine, a few widely prevalent chronic medical impairments (eg, atherosclerosis, hypertension, arthritis, diabetes, alcohol misuse, and tobacco-related chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) contribute to limitations in work and functional activity. In pediatrics, the diversity of childhood conditions and their relatively low prevalence makes a categorical approach to child disability problematic.1 During the past 2 decades, major neonatal, cardiac, oncologic, genetic, and neurologic advances have resulted in the increased survival of children with previous life-limiting conditions.2 In addition, there is increased recognition of the impact of psychosocial risks (teen parents, low birth weight status, child abuse, prenatal illicit substance exposure, lead poisoning, and poverty) on developmental and social competencies has occurred.3–5 For this reason and in keeping with guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics, it benefits pediatric health professionals to have some surveillance tools for assessing children’s performance in essential self-care, mobility, communication, and social-learning tasks.6 In this issue of Pediatrics electronic pages , Wong and colleagues7 examine the use of the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM) in 445 Chinese children ages 6 months to 7 years. A key component for understanding how functional activities fit into a framework of childhood disability is the National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research and Institute of Medicine Model … Reprint requests to (M.E.M.) Child Development Center, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903. E-mail: mmsall{at}lifespan.org
One swallow makes a runner.

I WRITE to comment on the editorial ‘Palatal dysfunction in horses: where next?’ ( VR , January 3, 2015, vol 176, pp 17-18) as well as the recent letter by Robert Cook ( VR , February 14, 2015, vol 176, p 180) on thoughts concerning palatal dysfunction (PD) in horses. I have some experience of this (these) ‘problem(s)’ and with the various modalities that have been used and recommended for their diagnosis and for surgical and …
Epitaxial Chemically Derived Lanthanum Aluminate Films for Ba2YCu3O7−x Devices

Lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3) has been used as a substrate material for depositing Ba2YCu3O7−x (YBCO) films. In the present study, chemically derived epitaxial LaAlO3 thin films were used for depositing epitaxial YBCO films. These epitaxial LaAlO3 films were deposited on both (100) SrTiO3 and (100) LaAlO3 single crystal substrates by pyrolysis of a mixed nitrate precursor. Crystallization of LaAlO3 on lattice-matched substrates occurs at below 650°C, whereas crystallization on non lattice-matched substrates occurs at much higher temperature. The average surface roughness of these LaAlO3 films can be as low as 7A. The YBCO films derived from metalorganic deposition of metal trifluoroacetate precursors were deposited on these epitaxial LaAlO3 films on SrTiO3 substrates. The resultant YBCO films have critical current densities of > 2 × 106 A/cm2 at 77K and zero field. Transmission electron microscopy of these films shows that they are highly epitaxial yet have pore of about 15–30 nm in size. Chemically derived LaAlO3 films also were used to planarize stepped substrates.
BOSONIC STRING ALGEBRAS

We discuss some aspects of symmetry breakings in string theories. We mainly focus on the algebra of bosonic strings, but suspect similar ideas may be used for superstring theories. We point out a curious relation between the partition function of certain bosonic string theories and superstring theories.
Sleep and obesity: A focus on animal models

The rapid rise in obesity prevalence in the modern world parallels a significant reduction in restorative sleep (Agras et al., 2004; Dixon et al., 2007, 2001; Gangwisch and Heymsfield, 2004; Gupta et al., 2002; Sekine et al., 2002; Vioque et al., 2000; Wolk et al., 2003). Reduced sleep time and quality increases the risk for obesity, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear (Gangwisch et al., 2005; Hicks et al., 1986; Imaki et al., 2002; Jennings et al., 2007; Moreno et al., 2006). A majority of the theories linking human sleep disturbances and obesity rely on self-reported sleep. However, studies with objective measurements of sleep/wake parameters suggest a U-shaped relationship between sleep and obesity. Studies in animal models are needed to improve our understanding of the association between sleep disturbances and obesity. Genetic and experimenter-induced models mimicking characteristics of human obesity are now available and these animal models will be useful in understanding whether sleep disturbances determine propensity for obesity, or result from obesity. These models exhibit weight gain profiles consistently different from control animals. Thus a careful evaluation of animal models will provide insight into the relationship between sleep disturbances and obesity in humans. In this review we first briefly consider the fundamentals of sleep and key sleep disturbances, such as sleep fragmentation and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), observed in obese individuals. Then we consider sleep deprivation studies and the role of circadian alterations in obesity. We describe sleep/wake changes in various rodent models of obesity and obesity resistance. Finally, we discuss possible mechanisms linking sleep disturbances with obesity.
Mortality attributable to harmful drinking in the United States, 2000

Objective: Although alcohol has been associated with death from a variety of causes, there are no recent data on the number of deaths in the United States attributable to harmful alcohol use. This study provides updated information on the number of deaths in the United States attributable to harmful drinking. Method: We used the etiologic-fraction method to calculate alcohol-related mortality by cause of death, using U.S. mortality data for 2000, the most recent year available. Prevalence of alcohol use was estimated from the Behavioral Risk Factor Survey and from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Medium and high levels of regular drinking or heavy episodic drinking were defined as harmful drinking. Results: An estimated 63,718 deaths were attributable to harmful drinking in the U.S. in 2000. Of these, an estimated 45,988 were in men and 17,730 in women, accounting for 4% of all deaths among men and 1.5% among women. Among men, 47.6% were due to medium and high levels of regular drinking, and 5...
Modelling ultrasound guided wave propagation for plate thickness measurement

Structural Health monitoring refers to monitoring the health of plate-like walls of large reactors, pipelines and other structures in terms of corrosion detection and thickness estimation. The objective of this work is modeling the ultrasonic guided waves generated in a plate. The piezoelectric is excited by an input pulse to generate ultrasonic guided lamb waves in the plate that are received by another piezoelectric transducer. In contrast with existing methods, we develop a mathematical model of the direct component of the signal (DCS) recorded at the terminals of the piezoelectric transducer. The DCS model uses maximum likelihood technique to estimate the different parameters, namely the time delay of the signal due to the transducer delay and amplitude scaling of all the lamb wave modes due to attenuation, while taking into account the received signal spreading in time due to dispersion. The maximum likelihood estimate minimizes the energy difference between the experimental and the DCS model-generated signal. We demonstrate that the DCS model matches closely with experimentally recorded signals and show it can be used to estimate thickness of the plate. The main idea of the thickness estimation algorithm is to generate a bank of DCS model-generated signals, each corresponding to a different thickness of the plate and then find the closest match among these signals to the received signal, resulting in an estimate of the thickness of the plate. Therefore our approach provides a complementary suite of analytics to the existing thickness monitoring approaches.
Molecular Orbital Method and Molecular Ionization Potentials

(1) Empirical evidence indicates that, other things being equal, the atomic integral $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ of the LCAO molecular orbital method decreases in magnitude, (a), with increasing interatomic distance, (b), with increase in the number of atoms covered by a MO.(2) Theoretical computations give a satisfactory account of effect (a), and (except for the absolute values of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ in many-center cases) also of effect (b).(3) It is reasonable to hope that further study of theoretical approximation methods of the MO type will make possible an increasingly quantitative theoretical understanding of molecular ionization potentials and of other molecular properties.
Geochemistry of hydrothermal deposits from Loihi submarine volcano, Hawaii

Abstract Dredging across the northeast rim of the summit crater of Loihi Seamount recovered several morphologically similar but chemically and mineralogically distinct hydrothermal deposits encrusting the surface of fresh pillow lava talus. The multicolored deposits suggest a precipitation sequence that may be controlled by an oxidation-reduction gradient in which smectite ranging in composition from Fe-montmorillonite to nontronite has precipitated along with iron oxide under slightly reducing conditions. This deposition was apparently followed by amorphous iron oxide and silica precipitation, possibly under more oxic conditions. Oxygen isotope geothermometry indicates formation temperatures in the range of 31–57°C for the Loihi smectites. Trace element enrichments appear to be positively correlated with the isotopic formation temperature of the smectite, suggesting either increased trace element solubility within the higher-temperature vent fluids or increased smectite and iron oxide scavenging with increased precipitation rates. The trace element abundances further suggest the presence of polymetallic sulfides that either are directly associated with the smectites as amorphous phases or occur beneath these deposits in the volcanic pile of the seamount.
Bovine viral diarrhea virus is inactivated when whole milk from persistently infected cows is heated to prepare semen extender.

Abstract Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) can be present in cryopreserved bovine semen and be transmitted through artificial insemination. Because BVDV can be shed in milk, the virus might also be introduced as a contaminant of milk-based semen extenders. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiologic risk of using heated, BVDV-contaminated milk to prepare semen extender. Milk was obtained from cows free of and persistently infected (PI) with BVDV. Six replicates of milk samples were processed by heating (85–92.2 °C, 10 min). Samples of milk collected before and after heating were assayed for BVDV. Additionally, milk was injected intravenously into eight BVDV seronegative calves to monitor for seroconversion and viral infection. Virus was not detected in any milk samples from negative animals. Virus was consistently isolated from unheated milk samples from PI cows by passage of somatic cells, ultracentrifugation, and animal inoculation. Virus was usually detected in these samples by RT-nPCR (reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction). In heated milk samples from PI cows, no infectious BVDV was detected using any technique, but viral RNA was detected using RT-nPCR in four of six replicates. Bovine viral diarrhea virus in milk from PI cows was inactivated by heating. Therefore, properly heated milk used in semen extenders will not result in transmission of infectious BVDV. Although RT-nPCR detected the presence of viral RNA in milk samples after heating, the virus was not infectious as demonstrated by lack of replication despite using multiple sensitive techniques.
Focused time limited, interactive group psychotherapy with latency age children: Theory and practice

This paper reviews the contemporary literature on planned short term group treatment for latency age children, examines some of the developmental issues involved in constructing such groups and proposes a model of contractually based practice. In the authors' experience, time limited group treatment is an effective form of therapeutic intervention for latency age children suffering from situational distress, neurotic symptomatology and intermediate levels of character pathology.
Improved tumor control with irradiation to the primary site in extranodal non-orbital indolent lymphomas of the head and neck

Purpose/Objective: Extranodal non-orbital indolent lymphomas of the head and neck (ILHN) are uncommon, accounting for 1% of all lymphomas. Most series of head and neck lymphomas report the results of treatment of all grades, without a separate analysis of indolent tumors. We reviewed our treatment experience with ILHN to determine the role of radiotherapy (RT) in local control and tumor progression and to identify important prognostic factors for these tumors.
Insights into coronary artery disease gained from metabolic imaging

Positron emission tomography offers the possibility of evaluating and quantifying regional myocardial blood flow and metabolism. Used in patients with coronary artery disease, positron emission tomography has demonstrated sustained metabolic activity in regions with reduced blood flow and impaired contractile function, and it thereby enables differentiation between viable myocardium and myocardium that has succumbed to necrosis and scar formation. Viable myocardial regions identified by metabolic rather than functional or blood-flow criteria are frequently observed in patients after an acute coronary event and in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Positron emission tomography reflects either acute myocardial ischemia, "hibernation," as well as "myocardial stunning." Findings from metabolic imaging have proved useful in characterizing more accurately coronary artery disease and its functional consequences. These findings have been found equally useful for clinical management.
Utility of a “Swish and Spit” Technique for the Collection of Buccal Cells for TAP Haplotype Determination

Objective To demonstrate the utility of a "swish and spit" technique as a nucleated cell source for transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) haplotype determination by molecular methods in large-scale clinical trials. Design Twenty normal volunteers were recruited for this prospective feasibility study. From each subject, buccal or blood cells (or both) were collected for use in TAP haplotype assignment by molecular methods and subjected to various storage conditions. Material and Methods As an alternative to use of lymphocytes obtained by venipuncture, we developed a swish and spit technique for collecting buccal cells for assigning TAP haplotype. For this technique, the subject vigorously swishes isotonic saline in the mouth and expectorates it into a collection container. DNA is extracted from the buccal cells by proteinase K digestion, phenol-chloroform extraction, and ethanol precipitation. In addition, we compared DNA extracted from mouthwash specimens stored under various conditions to which a specimen might be exposed if mailed. Results DNA extracted from buccal cells obtained by the swish and spit technique provided excellent templates for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and subject acceptance of this method was universal. In all cases, assigning TAP haplotype by PCR amplification of specific alleles with use of buccal or blood-derived specimens was successful. The integrity of the specimens was unaffected by storage at −20°C, 4°C, 25°C, or 37°C, and we were able to use the DNA from cells stored under any of these conditions for TAP baplotyping. Conclusion We conclude that DNA from buccal cells collected by the swish and spit technique for TAP haplotype assignment is an excellent substitute for DNA obtained from nucleated blood cells, and the technique is useful for large-scale clinical studies that require DNA from subjects geographically distant from the research site.
Age differences in the identification of concepts of the natural language

Abstract Twenty-four school children each at the age levels of about 6, 9, 12, and 15 years were tested on four types of experimentally determined conceptual clues. The task was to retrieve 16 stimuli that were originally used in a restricted-association study. The number of correct answers was found to increase as a function of age, clue type, and the number of clues given. The results indicate that while different explanatory techniques for words are not necessary for different age levels, the type of relationship and the number of clues given are important determinants for concept identification.
Radar target characterization using model-based bicoherence

Fourier techniques are often used in radar imaging and feature extraction of ISAR data. One drawback is the appearance of artifacts due to scatterer interactions within the target. This paper defines a modified bicoherence, based on a specific target scattering model, to distinguish target scattering centers from target interactions and develop target-specific features for identification. Third-order statistics such as the bicoherence measure the asymmetric properties of distributions and are therefore zero for Gaussian processes such as additive white Gaussian noise. In addition to scatterer range, the model-based bicoherence described in this paper can also estimate the scatterer separation distance. This target information can be used for defining a feature set for target identification that is independent of target aspect angle, assuming the target is modeled as a collection of point scatterers. This information can also be used to determine subspace separation in eigenspace techniques such as the MUSIC algorithm, thereby increasing ISAR image accuracy.
Health-related messages in consumer magazine advertising

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the patterns of health-related messages in consumer advertising from U.S. magazines.
A mobile shield to reduce scatter radiation to the contralateral breast during radiotherapy for breast cancer: preclinical results

Abstract Purpose: To design a practical breast shield and to investigate its efficacy in reducing scattered radiation to the contralateral breast of patients undergoing radiation therapy for breast cancer. Methods and Materials: We constructed a mobile shield consisting of (a) a mobile base and a counterweight; (b) a vertical column adjustable in height and a diagonal arm adjustable in angle; (c) a curved, 2.5-cm thick lead sheet with a 1-cm thick polystyrene liner for blocking scattered radiation; and (d) diode detectors to verify that the edge of the lead sheet is not in the useful beam in addition to the use of the field light. Measurements were performed with thermoluminescent dosimeters on 10 patients without the shield and on an anthropomorphic phantom with a pair of wax breasts with and without the shield. All of the patients were treated with 6-MV photons (Varian 6/100). The scattered radiation from the medial and lateral fields was measured separately. Results: The contribution of the medial field to the total scattered dose was 70% to 75%, whether a medial wedge was used or not. However, without a medial wedge, the scattered dose was reduced by nearly 33% at 3 to 9 cm away from the medial border. In the anthropomorphic phantom study with wax breast, the mobile shield reduced the medial field contribution to the total scatter dose to less than the contribution from the lateral field without a shield. With a prescribed dose of 50 Gy and a medial wedge, the median scatter dose to the contralateral breast from 6 patients was 5.3 Gy; without a medial wedge, it was 3.8 Gy from 4 patients at 6 cm from the medial border. In the phantom study, with the shield the total dose to the contralateral breast was 1.0 Gy at 6 cm from the medial border with a same prescribed dose. Conclusion: The mobile shield reduced the scatter dose to the contralateral breast from the linear accelerator (Varian 6/100, 6-MV photons) by a factor of 3 to 4. The shield greatly reduced the scattered dose in the wax phantom. Equivalent reductions in patients may be clinically significant by reducing the risk of radiation-induced breast cancer in the contralateral breast of woman undergoing radiation therapy for breast cancer. The shield is safe and easy to adjust to each patient.
Two new species of Cotingacola Carriker, Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from Amazonian Brazil, with comments on host-specificity

This paper describes two new species of Cotingacola Carriker, 1956, C. lutzae n. sp. and C. engeli n. sp., from the cinereous mourner Laniocera hypopyrra (Vieillot) and black-necked red cotinga Phoenicircus nigricollis Swainson (Aves: Passeriformes: Cotingidae), respectively. These species are fully illustrated and compared with their morphologically closest relatives. With the addition of these two new species, this Neotropical chewing louse genus now includes ten species. We also present records from Brazil for two previously described species, C. stotzi Clayton & Price, 1998 and C. parmipapillae Carriker, 1956. The re-examination of a specimen identified as ‘Cotingacola sp.’ in a recent phylogenetic study confirmed that it is C. parmipapillae and that Querula purpurata (Statius Muller) regularly hosts two Cotingacola species, which means that at least three cotingid hosts carry more than one species of Cotingacola. We comment on the variability in the host-specificity of Cotingacola species.
Rejecting unclassifiable samples with decision forests

Abstract Validation of empirical models is designed to produce statistics related to the average error rate of the model. These statistics can be used to minimize errors arising from extrapolation in the Y -values, but pay no attention to the X -block of predicted samples and cannot provide sample specific prediction confidences. In this manuscript, a novel method for identifying potentially poorly classified samples is described that is universal to any Decision Forest method. The samples identified as unclassifiable are assigned a “no-class” assignment and it is shown that these samples have a much higher error rate than samples assigned to a class. These samples are identified by creating a proximity matrix that calculates the similarity of each test sample to each training sample. This similarity is defined in terms of the path samples took through the tree and can be used as a transformed descriptor set for a k -nearest neighbor classifier. The Decision Forest prediction and the k -nearest neighbor prediction can then be combined to assign the sample prediction in such a way that the expected error of the prediction is more accurate. The method is purely automatic and does not require any parameters beyond the determination of k .
To Form a Favorable Idea of Chemistry

“To confess the truth, Mrs. B., I am not disposed to form a very favorable idea of chemistry, nor do I expect to derive much entertainment from it.” That 200-year-old statement by Caroline to Mrs. Bryan, her teacher, appeared on the first page of Jane Marcet’s pioneering secondary school textbook, Conversations on Chemistry. It was published 17 years after Antoine Lavoisier’s Elements of Chemistry and 2 years prior to John Dalton’s A New System of Chemical Philosophy. Caroline’s classic comment foreshadows what many students have expressed since chemistry appeared as an early 19th-century school subject. Post-Sputnik efforts to capture students’ interest and engagement, or, in Robert Mager’s words, “approach tendencies”, can be regarded as contemporary responses to Caroline’s views. This is a summary of several collaborative initiatives and experiences since Sputnik’s launch intended to stimulate student involvement in their learning. Among these are the Chemical Education Material (CHEM) Study project, the Chemical Bond Approach (CBA) project, Interdisciplinary Approaches to Chemistry (IAC), Chemistry in the Community (ChemCom), SourceBook, and the National Science Education Standards.
Prolonged selfing in Hymenolepis microstoma (Cestoda)

Abstract A single cysticercoid of Hymenolepis microstoma, the mouse bile duct tapeworm, was fed via stomach tube to an HA/ICR strain albino mouse. After 20 days, gravid proglottids of the resulting adult worm (parental, or P generation) were fed to flour beetles, Tribolium confusum; 30 days later, one F1 cysticercoid from the beetles was fed to each of 10 mice. Gravid F1proglottids were subsequently recovered and fed to beetles as above. This procedure was repeated for 14 selfed generations without an apparent change in viability of either eggs or cysticercoids. The infection rate for 14 generations averaged 89%, varying from 80 to 100%. This rate approximated the 70–80% infection rate obtained from multiplyinfected mice. Morphological analysis of worms of all generations showed change in one parameter only, a slight increase in number of gravid proglottids with repeated selfing. The 14th generation resembled random-bred controls in all characteristics measured. The viability of selfed H. microstoma contrasts with that of selfed H. nana, as reported by earlier workers AND this difference may have evolutionary and immunological significance.
Teaching a biopsychosocial approach on medical attending rounds.

The ascent of the biotechnical, disease-oriented model of medicine threatens to relegate the integrated, patient-oriented approach to a secondary position. In response to this, a program to teach medical housestaff a biopsychosocial approach was implemented in a setting of attending rounds by having a psychiatrist participate regularly as a member of the rounding team. The effectiveness of this program's teaching effort was significantly influenced by the psychological styles and level of training of the housestaff officers. Residents were the most teachable and potentially the most effective teachers with respect to the biopsychosocial model. Interns, appearing to respond to the stresses of internship with defensive behavior, e.g., turning passive into active and isolation of affect, were less receptive. The medical attending's attitude, however, was the most important factor affecting the teaching of this approach on rounds. Three medical-attending-teaching styles were characterized, one of which appeared incompatible with teaching a biopsychosocial approach on rounds. The psychiatrist had to learn to specifically adapt his teaching efforts to each of these three attending styles, as well as to the training level related needs and the defensive styles of the housestaff.
New epoxy resins. I. The stability of epoxy–trialkoxyboroxines triaryloxyboroxine system

A polymer with high aromaticity and/or cyclic ring structures chain backbone usually has high heat, thermal, and flame resistance. Two diglycidyl ethers of bisphenols were prepared from 4,4′ isopropylidenediphenol (DGEBA) and 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene (DGEBF) for evaluation. Four boroxines—trimethoxyboroxine (TMB), triethoxyboroxine (TEB), triisopropoxyboroxine (TIPB) and triphenoxyboroxine (TPB)—were used as the curing agents. DGEBA and DGEBF cured with various boroxines indicate that the trend for their respective glass transition temperature (Tg's), degradation temperatures (Td's), and gel fractions are TMB-cured epoxy ≈ TEB-cured epoxy < TIPB cured epoxy < TPB cured epoxy. The DGEBF system usually has a higher Tg, Td, gel fraction, oxygen index (OI), and char yield than the related DGEBA system. DGEBF/DGEBA (80/20 mol ratio) shows a synergistic effect in regard to char formation. This effect exists not only in the copolymer system but also in blended homopolymers of the separately cured resins. A modified mechanism for the polymerization of phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) with TMB has been proposed.
Magnetic topology transitions in collisionless plasmas

Abstract Processes capable of changing drastically the magnetic field topology (reconnection) in collisionless plasmas may develop with relatively high growth rates and be suitable to explain the so-called “crash” of high temperature regimes that are observed experimentally in well confined plasmas. The rather restrictive conditions under which these processes can take place are derived and their relevance to both laboratory and space plasma physics is pointed out.
Teratomas of the head and neck

Teratomas of the head and neck are uncommon. They are composed of tissues from all three germ layers with varying degrees of differentiation. They arise from pluripotent stem cells and ectopic embryonic nongerm cells. Head and neck teratomas most commonly emerge during the neonatal period and are associated with airway obstruction and high rates of mortality in untreated patients. The tumors are usually benign, but when found during adulthood, they have a high incidence of malignancy. The most common site of occurrence is the cervical region and the nasopharynx. We presented a rare case of teratoma originating from the base of the tongue. This case is an example of the development of teratoma by pinching off of remnants of the three germinal areas, which become marginated in the normal migratory pathway as the different structures of the head and neck develop. The remnants developed into the predetermined organ systems, giving rise to the heterotopic tissues encountered. The recommended treatment for head and neck teratomas is surgical excision. When a patient is experiencing respiratory difficulty, establishment of an airway is a priority.
Funeral Rituals and the Facilitation of Grief Work

Although professionals in the field of death education and counseling agree that grieving is essential in adjusting to the loss of a loved one, there remain numerous questions about how to best fac...
Multiclass feature selection using computational homology for Lamb wave–based damage characterization

We investigate a new approach for characterizing class separability based on topological measures for use with identifying flaw severity in plates. Multi-mode Lamb waves are propagated across a flat-bottom hole of varying depth. Lamb wave tomography reconstructions are first generated to locate and size the flaw at each depth. As the flaw depth increases, scattering and mode conversion effects dominate the raw time-domain signals, obscuring information about flaw severity. Pattern classification provides an alternate means for processing the ultrasonic waveforms to identify flaw severity. High-dimensional feature spaces are generated from the Lamb wave signals using the dynamic wavelet fingerprinting technique. In order to achieve high classification accuracy, an optimal feature space is required. An intelligent feature selection routine is explored here that identifies favorable class distributions in multidimensional feature spaces using computational homology theory. Betti numbers and formal classifica...
Observation of /sup 238/U photofission products

Sophisticated solutions are being developed by researchers to improve detection of clandestine fissile material. In this work, a simpler approach is investigated as an interim solution. Using the existing 9-MeV X-ray radiography units deployed for cargo inspection, delayed fission product gamma rays from induced photofission are seen minutes after probing a small sample of /sup 238/U. By acquiring both time and energy information, a relatively large number of usable fission products can be identified. Using the radiographic images along with an efficient portable scintillator capable of detecting gamma rays above 3 MeV may provide a cost-effective improvement to existing inspection systems.
Brachycentrus americanus and B. occidentalis (Trichoptera) in a Regulated Stream

ABSTRACT Late instar Brachvcentrus americanus larvae were collected just prior to and during normally high spring runoff; adults were collected immediately following runoff; and early instar larvae appeared during the late summer low flow period of September and October. Brachvcentrus occidentalis adults were collected prior to normal spring runoff and early instar were first collected following runoff during moderate flows of July and August. Both strategies helped these species avoid stresses of high water velocities and sediment scouring often associated with spring runoff. During the study period, yearly high stream flows and maximum sediment movement occurred during summer flushing releases from Electric Lake, rather than the normal spring runoff period. Increased stream discharges with associated sediment movement that occurred when early instar Brachvcentrus larvae were present, appear to have had noticeable negative affects. Whatever the cause, following these occurrences, either species having ea...
Certification and Duties of a Director of Physical Activity

(2012). Certification and Duties of a Director of Physical Activity. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 83, No. 6, pp. 16-29.
The ghosts of trees past: savanna trees create enduring legacies in plant species composition

Isolated trees in savannas worldwide are known to modify their local environment and interact directly with neighboring plants. Less is known about how related tree species differ in their impacts on surrounding communities, how the effects of trees vary between years, and how composition might change following loss of the tree. To address these knowledge gaps, we explored the following questions: How do savanna trees influence the surrounding composition of herbaceous plants? Is the influence of trees consistent across different species and years? How does this change following the death of the tree? We surveyed herbaceous species composition and environmental attributes surrounding living and dead evergreen and deciduous Quercus trees in California (USA) savannas across several years that differed in their total precipitation. Oak trees of all species created distinct, homogenous understory communities dominated by exotic grasses across several sites. The composition of the low-diversity understory communities showed less interannual variation than open grassland, despite a two-fold difference in precipitation between the driest and wettest year. Vegetation composition was correlated with variation in soil properties, which were strongly affected by trees. Oaks also influenced the communities beyond the edge of the crown, but this depended on site and oak species. Low-diversity understory communities persisted up to 43 years following the death of the tree. A gradual decline in the effect of trees on the physical, environment following death did not result in vegetation becoming more similar to open grassland over time. The presence of long-lasting legacies of past tree crowns highlights the difficulty of assigning control of the current distribution of herbaceous species in grassland to their contemporary environment.
Insertion of the cytochrome b5 heme-binding loop into an SH3 domain. Effects on structure and stability, and clues about the cytochrome’s architecture

Under native conditions, apocytochrome b5 exhibits a stable core and a disordered heme-binding region that refolds upon association with the cofactor. The termini of this flexible region are in close proximity, suggesting that loop closure may contribute to the thermodynamic properties of the apocytochrome. A chimeric protein containing 43 residues encompassing the cytochrome loop was constructed using the cyanobacterial photosystem I accessory protein E (PsaE) from Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 as a structured scaffold. PsaE has the topology of an SH3 domain, and the insertion was engineered to replace its 14-residue CD loop. NMR and optical spectroscopies showed that the hybrid protein (named EbE1) was folded under native conditions and that it retained the characteristics of an SH3 domain. NMR spectroscopy revealed that structural and dynamic differences were confined near the site of loop insertion. Variable-temperature 1D NMR spectra of EbE1 confirmed the presence of a kinetic unfolding barrier. Thermal and chemical denaturations of PsaE and EbE1 demonstrated cooperative, two-state transitions; the stability of the PsaE scaffold was found only moderately compromised by the insertion, with a ΔTm of 8.3°C, a ΔCm of 1.5 M urea, and a ΔΔG° of 4.2 kJ/mole. The data implied that the penalty for constraining the ends of the inserted region was lower than the ~6.4 kJ/mole calculated for a self-avoiding chain. Extrapolation of these results to cytochrome b5 suggested that the intrinsic stability of the folded portion of the apoprotein reflected only a small detrimental contribution from the large heme-binding domain.
Reducing State Communication Anxiety for Public Speakers: An Energy Psychology Pilot Study.

This mixed-method pilot study investigates the efficacy of implementing primordial energy activation and transcendence to address public speaking anxiety. Speech anxiety was significantly reduced from pretest to posttest, as measured by the Communication Anxiety Inventory State. Suggestions for future research, limitations of the current study, and interview responses from participants are included.
Dimethylaminoethanol--an improbable substrate in vivo for alcohol dehydrogenase in the rat.

Abstract Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) was studied as a possible substrate for liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in vivo and in vitro . Although kinetic studies showed that DMAE compared favorably as a substrate with ethanol (EtOH) for horse and rat liver ADH at pH 9.5, experiments with fasted male Sprague-Dawley rats indicated that the rate of elimination of 14 CO 2 from [1- 14 C]ethanol (1.08 to 16.3 m-moles/kg i.p.) was not altered significantly by the injection (i.p.) of DMAE (at molar ratios DMAE/ EtOH of 0.61 to 10.3); nor was the metabolism of [1, 2- 14 C 2 ]DMAE (2 and 5 m-moles/kg) affected by concurrent administration of ethanol (21.7 and 43.4 m-moles/kg), as shown by the unaltered urinary excretion pattern of radioactive compounds; the greater part of injected DMAE is eliminated unchanged. These results were supported by the finding that while both horse and rat liver ADH gave K m and V max values for ethanol at pH 7.0 comparable to values obtained at pH 9.5, no activity at pH 7.0 was observed with DMAE as substrate, DMAE thus appears an unlikely substrate in vivo for rat and horse liver ADH.
Effect of Sequential Treatment of Warm Water Dip and Low-dose Gamma Irradiation on the Quality of Fresh-cut Green Onions

was studied. Fresh-cut green onions were treated with and without warm water (50 °C for 20 s) and packaged was studied. Fresh-cut green onions were treated with and without warm water (50 °C for 20 s) and packaged was studied. Fresh-cut green onions were treated with and without warm water (50 °C for 20 s) and packaged was studied. Fresh-cut green onions were treated with and without warm water (50 °C for 20 s) and packaged pr pr pr prior to irr ior to irr ior to irr ior to irr ior to irradiation at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kG adiation at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kG adiation at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kG adiation at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kG adiation at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kGy, then stor storage. With the test conditions used in this study ith the test conditions used in this study ith the test conditions used in this study ith the test conditions used in this study ith the test conditions used in this study, the war , the war , the war , the war
Delta-function expansion of Mayer function with application to virial coefficients

The Mayer cluster integrals of a fluid with smooth, repulsive interactions are expanded in orders of a well-defined softness parameter. To first but not second order in softness, all virial coefficients are given by their hard-sphere forms with an effective diameter. A closed asymptotic expression is derived for the third virial coefficient which gives excellent results for the inverse power and exponential potentials.
Long-term durability and aging of geotextiles

Abstract The potentially adverse effects of long-term phenomena on the performance of geotextiles and related materials is addressed in this paper. The subject is subdivided into the various topics felt to be most significant. They are the effects of clogging, creep, chemicals, micro-organisms, light, burial and cumulative aspects. Each topic is reviewed separately by way of available literature and then extended into currently ongoing efforts primarily in the USA. The paper concludes with a summary chart of each topic area versus its (a) perceived severity, (b) current state of knowledge, (c) past or present activity and (d) likelihood of definitive guidelines. Admittedly, the chart is subjective, but it gives our assessment of this important subject at this point in time. Clearly, if the currently existing wide variety of questions on long-term durability and aging are to be answered, a major thrust into the area must be made.
Relative Toxicity of Two Synthetic Pyrethroids to a Predator Amblyseius fallacis and Its Prey Tetranychus urticae

Laboratory tests showed that the synthetic pyrethroids, permethrin and fenvalerate, were highly toxic to the phytoseiid mite Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) and relatively innocuous to the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. These results indicate that the use of permethrin and fenvalerate is detrimental to orchard integrated mite control programs where A. fallacis is the key predator of spider mites.
The seductive allure of neuroscience explanations

Explanations of psychological phenomena seem to generate more public interest when they contain neuroscientific information. Even irrelevant neuroscience information in an explanation of a psychological phenomenon may interfere with people's abilities to critically consider the underlying logic of this explanation. We tested this hypothesis by giving nave adults, students in a neuroscience course, and neuroscience experts brief descriptions of psychological phenomena followed by one of four types of explanation, according to a 2 (good explanation vs. bad explanation) 2 (without neuroscience vs. with neuroscience) design. Crucially, the neuroscience information was irrelevant to the logic of the explanation, as confirmed by the expert subjects. Subjects in all three groups judged good explanations as more satisfying than bad ones. But subjects in the two nonexpert groups additionally judged that explanations with logically irrelevant neuroscience information were more satisfying than explanations without. The neuroscience information had a particularly striking effect on nonexperts' judgments of bad explanations, masking otherwise salient problems in these explanations.