cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hepatocyte transplantation: novel applications

Hepatocyte transplantation offers unexpected ways to analyze mechanisms of liver growth and repair. Survival of transplanted hepatocytes is particularly relevant for therapeutic purposes, such as ex vivo gene therapy or novel cell-based therapies for acute liver failure. In designing experiments to define fundamental biological mechanisms or investigating the therapeutic potential of hepatocytes, a number of considerations are important. Which site or sites might best support cell engraftment or survival? How might transplanted cells be localized in organs for unequivocal analysis of their fate? What strategies could be devised to analyze cell function or prolifera-tive capacity? Could pathophysiological insights into the organization of the liver lobule be surmised from analysis of isolated cell populations? Are satisfactory models available to define in controlled settings whether transplanted hepatocytes could replace deficient metabolic function or aid recovery from liver failure? Overall, recent progress has been particularly exciting in three major areas — potential sites have been defined where transplanted hepatocytes may engraft and survive, novel animal models have been developed to study mechanisms of liver re-population, and the therapeutic potential of hepatocyte transplantation has begun to be explored. The goal of this chapter is to describe the current status of hepatocyte transplantation in its various facets.
A Rule-Based Approach for Navy Ship System Arc Fault Control

The electric power distribution systems of Naval Ships require autonomous control under all operating conditions. In some instances, natural or forced disturbances lead to arc faults between conductors and/or the hull of the ship. This paper develops a Rule-Base (RB) approach for arcing fault control with appropriate recommendations that minimize the effect of the arc current. The proposed technique applies an Intelligent Systems (IS) solution strategy to solve a unique and complex problem that is of value to the Navy.
Oxidative functionalisation of alcohols and aldehydes via the merger of oxoammonium cations and photoredox catalysis

We present a new paradigm for nitroxyl-mediated processes via the merger of oxoammonium cation-mediated oxidation with visible-light photoredox catalysis. The integration of these two forms of catalysis has been realised for the oxidative amidation of aldehydes, furnishing N-acylated heterocycles. Extension of this process to the oxidative amidation of alcohols via the intermediacy of an aldehyde was successfully pursued, thus proffering a general oxidation platform. The activated amides synthesised here are excellent synthetic handles for acylation.
Detection of cardiac arryhthmia by using time domaine technique on heart rate variabilty signals

The analysis of the Variability of the Heart Rate (HRV) is coming as an important indicator for different clinical applications like the prediction of arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, assessing cardiovascular and metabolic illness progression or in sports physiology. In this paper we have developed an algorithm to detect a supraventricular arrhythmia, by processing the heart rate variability (HRV) signals. For this, we used time domain method for features extraction and MLP and RBF neural network for classification. To evaluate our system proposed two international standard databases namely MIT-BIH Supraventricular Arrhythmia Database and Normal Sinus Rhythm RR Intervals Database were used. We estimate that the results obtained are very satisfactory since the MLP and RBF accuracy located between 85% and 100%.
Knowledge and Understanding

One of the most remarkable things the brain does is transform the raw data of experience into the informational structures that provide a sense of meaning and understanding to our lives. Knowledge is comprised of organized sets of meaningful information that are encoded in the central nervous system, some based on personal experience and some on what others have passed on to us. Understanding is a special form of knowledge that involves appreciating how interacting entities affect each other. Rule-based reasoning involves the sequential processing of discrete bits of information according to strict algorithmic rules, while pattern-based reasoning involves searching for correspondences and contrasts between perceived patterns and reference ones. We organize and rearrange information to build models that reflect our understanding of how individual facts and inferences are linked and interact. We have no way of being certain that the knowledge we accrue is correct, however, since our information-processing systems are not good truth-detectors.
Sutureless Belt Loops versus Sutured Buckle Technique in Combination with Vitrectomy for Retinal Detachment Repair: A Comparative Analysis

Objective To compare the anatomic and visual outcomes in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair involving combined pars plana vitrectomy (PPV)/scleral buckle (SB) using a sutureless belt loops technique versus a conventional sutured buckle technique. Methods This is a retrospective, consecutive, interventional, comparative case series study using patients treated for primary retinal detachment who underwent the SB procedure in combination with PPV. Details regarding anatomic and visual outcome were analyzed. Results Thirty-five eyes were included in this study: 18 eyes (18 patients) treated with combined PPV and SB performed using a sutureless belt loops technique (group A) and 17 eyes (17 patients) treated with combined PPV and SB sutured to the sclera (group B). Successful anatomic attachment and appropriate buckle height were achieved in all 35 cases. There was 1 case of redetachment in each group during the follow-up: 1/17 (5.9%) in group A and 1/18 (5.6%) in group B (p = 0.97). No cases of buckle infection, extrusion, or intrusion were noted during the follow-up period. Conclusion SBs installed using a belt loops sutureless technique appear to be as safe and effective as those applied using conventional suturing for repair of retinal detachment, with similar anatomic and functional outcomes.
High efficiency SiC traction inverter for electric vehicle applications

Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFETs, which offer substantial improvements in the device figure of merit, are investigated as alternatives to silicon IGBTs in electric vehicle (EV) drivetrain applications. However, effectiveness of device replacements must be evaluated in the context of system performance, including impact on system efficiency, power density, and thermal management requirements over standard drive cycles. This paper is focused on modeling, design, implementation, and experiment results for a 30 kW rated SiC inverter achieving 99.5% peak efficiency, and high power density (15 kW/L), including cooling plate, drivers and controller. Based on an experimentally calibrated loss model, a quantitative comparison is made between the performance of the SiC MOSFET based inverter and a conventional state-of-art IGBT based inverter system in standard EPA driving cycles (UDDS, HWFET and US06). The results demonstrate that the SiC based inverter has about 3.5x higher Q factor and 3x lower peak loss in the combined (CAFE) drive cycle, together with 2× smaller semiconductor die area.
Trends in Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the U.S., 1999-2014.

Introduction Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S. and national prevalence of the proportion of individuals at high risk is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and trends in high cardiovascular disease risk among adults in the U.S. Methods In 2017, the authors performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2014 for adults aged 40–79 years without a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (unweighted n=18,269, weighted n=96,512,989). The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease risk score was calculated for all participants with complete data. Change in prevalence of individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease was assessed, defined as ≥7.5% 10-year risk and ≥20% 10-year risk. Results The prevalence of high risk level did not significantly change over time for the entire sample using the 7.5% 10-year risk level, but did decline significantly at 20% 10-year risk level. Logistic regression results showed that prevalence among non-Hispanic black males increased significantly from 53.5% in 1999–2002 to 65.2% in 2011–2014 using the 7.5% 10-year risk cut off (p-trend=0.003). Conclusions A substantial proportion of the population is at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Prevalence of high-risk individuals is prominent for non-Hispanic black males; the reasons for which are unclear. Public health efforts to increase awareness should be considered for this vulnerable population.
Na+/K+-ATPase of Neurons and Glia

The application of molecular genetics techniques to the study of the Na+/K+-ATPase has provided insight into the evolutionary history and molecular heterogeneity of this important enzyme. It is now known that in mammalian and avian species, there are three isoforms of the a subunit (9,24,33) and two isoforms of the β subunit (16,19). Each a and β subunit is encoded by a separate gene mapping to a discrete chromosomal location in both the mouse (12,15) and human (36) genomes.
Unique Factorization into Products of Primes

The basic algebraic property of ℤ which we will use throughout the book is the Division Theorem. Given integers a>0 and b ≥ 0 there exist unique integers q ≥ 0 and r, 0 ≤ r <a, such that b = qa + r.
What is the Origin of the Lightest Elements

Although the birth event of our Universe occurred 13.7 billion years ago, it left enough signatures about its details that scientists are quite confident in our understanding of the basic features of that event. The first hints of the Big Bang came from astronomers, as discussed in this chapter. More recently, two incredible experiments, the Supernova Cosmology Project and the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, have determined the parameters that govern our Universe in exquisite detail. One longstanding paradox is also discussed, and shown to be solved by the Big Bang model. Finally, we explore the nuclear reactions that made a few light nuclei in the few minutes that followed the Big Bang. The abundances for these nuclei obtained by observational astronomers are compared to the calculations of the nucleosynthesis that occurred just after the Big Bang.
A 4-Channel 10–40 GHz Wideband Receiver with Integrated Frequency Quadrupler for High Resolution Millimeter-Wave Imaging Systems

This paper presents a wideband 4-channel 10–40 GHz receiver (RX) with integrated LO quadrupler and flip-chip packaging in GF8HP 0.12um SiGe BiCMOS technology. The system-level measurements are done with the chip flipped on a low cost RF board. Each receiver channel results in 20–37 dB power conversion gain with a 3-dB RF gain bandwidth (BW) of 10–40 GHz. The measured single-sideband noise figure (SSB NF) and input PldB at the center frequency of 25 GHz are 9.3 dB (and 8.2 dB) and −17.2 dBm (and −33 dBm), respectively, at low (and high) gain mode. To our knowledge, this wideband receiver represents state-of-the-art performance in terms of bandwidth, linearity and NF. Frequency-modulated-continuous-wave (FMCW) experiment at 15–27 GHz shows the capability of detecting 2 objects with a separation of 1.3 cm.
Improving Fault Recovery Performance of an HVDC Link with a Weak Receiving AC System by Optimization of DC Controls

A problem associated with an HVDC link feeding into a weak AC system is the poor fault recovery performance from commutation failures caused by inverter AC system faults, especially when the receiving AC system is further weakened due to faults clearing. To obtain acceptable recovery performance, the pre-fault DC power transfer capability may have to be limited below the rated DC power. Based on electromagnetic transient simulations, the available power transfer capability of an actual HVDC system is evaluated by considering fault recovery performance of the AC/DC system under specified receiving AC system faults. To increase the available power transfer capability, the optimization of HVDC controls is implemented aiming at obtaining acceptable recovery performance. Simulation results show that the optimized HVDC controls can help to improve fault recovery performance and hence obviously increase the DC power transfer capability.
Indirect Associations of Anxiety Sensitivity with Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drug Use Problems Through Emotional Disorder Symptoms in Adolescents.

Theoretically, anxiety sensitivity-fear of anxiety symptoms-enhances perception of and emotional reactivity to autonomic arousal and mental distress, thereby increasing negative affect and motivation to use substances for negative reinforcement. Because no prior study of adolescents has tested if anxiety sensitivity is indirectly associated with substance use problems through symptoms of emotional disorders (i.e., disorders involving high levels of negative affect), the current cross-sectional study examined this theoretical pathway. Participants included ninth-grade students from 10 different high schools in the Los Angeles metropolitan area (N = 3005; 54.3% female). Self-report measures of anxiety sensitivity, emotional disorder symptoms, tobacco dependence, and alcohol and other drug problems were administered. Controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, parental education, school, and impulsiveness, we tested the associations of anxiety sensitivity with tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use problems as well as the indirect effects of anxiety sensitivity on each domain of substance use problems through emotional disorder symptoms. Anxiety sensitivity was associated with more severe tobacco dependence and greater alcohol problems and other drug problems, and anxiety sensitivity further was indirectly associated with all three domains of substance use problems through emotional disorder symptoms. Current findings suggest that adolescents high in anxiety sensitivity tend to experience emotional disorder symptoms, which may increase risk for substance use problems. Interventions that target anxiety sensitivity and enhance negative-affect coping skills may assist in preventing and reducing adolescent substance use problems.
Preliminary Results on Optimal Establishment of Solar Sail Formations

The solar sail formation establishment problem is solved for Earth-centered Sun-Synchronous orbits using optimal control theory, assuming that the deputy solar sail is capable of changing its attitude and that the chief solar sail flies in a Sun-synchronous orbit and does not employ active control. Because there is no analytic solution, numerical techniques are used to solve the optimal formation establishment problem. This paper demonstrates the existence of locally-optimal solutions to the solar sail formation establishment problem and provides a quantification of the solar sail’s control effort.
Old-Age Income Security and Tourism Demand: A Quasi-Experimental Study:

A growing number of countries have introduced noncontributory pension to guarantee a minimum income for disadvantaged seniors. The current state of knowledge does not inform us how this change has ...
Analysis and design of compacted IWRC meshed model under axial strain

Wire ropes are one of the most complex shapes due to the helical coiling of wires. It is difficult to generate a meshed model of even the classical circular wire rope. In this paper a more complex form which is known as compacted wire rope is modeled in 3D. The originality of this work is that, it is the first time a multi-layered compacted wire rope is generated and brought to the literature. The written code permits to create any length of compacted independent wire rope core geometry and to change wire radiuses and pitch lengths easily. Meanwhile flexibility of the code makes it easier to generate different kind of compacted independent wire rope core which is ready for numerical analysis. Compacted wire ropes have increased wear resistance and tensile strength. Due to its flattened surface their usage on a sheave or a pulley provides less wearing and breaking of wires while more tensile strength and increased lifetime. With the compaction process diameter of the wire rope decreases which results a decrease on the reaction moment also. This modeling issue can be used to create new type of complex wire rope models in the future.
The half-life of carbon-14.

The half-life of C/sup 14/ was determined with an accuracy believed to be higher than that of previously reported values. Carbon dioxide was liberated by the action of perchloric acid on barium carbonate which contained C/sup 14/ in approximately 44% isotopic abundance. Samples of this C/sup 14/ dioxide were analyzed mass spectrometrically, and other portions were diluted quantitatively with inert carbon dioxide and counted in the NBS length-compensated internal gas counters. Technical difficulties encountered in this work, which are characteristic of this type of experiment, particularly problems of adsorption and the methods used to overcome them, are discussed in detail. On the basis of a thorough analysis of all results obtained, the half-life of C/sup 14/ is believed to be 5760 plus or minus 50 years, where the indicated uncertainty denotes an estimated over-all probable error of the result. (auth)
Race/Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status in Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Non-Malignant Conditions

Introduction Survival disparities by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) have been observed in a wide range of pediatric treatment settings. Few studies have examined the effects of ethnicity and SES in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). Objectives We explored whether survival differed by ethnicity or SES in children receiving alloHCT for non-malignant conditions at a single institution serving a diverse patient population. Methods The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate overall survival (OS) with the logrank test for between-group comparisons. Cox proportional hazards models were used for adjusted analyses of OS. Results Of 133 subjects from Conclusion Our findings suggest that in patients undergoing alloHCT for non-malignant conditions, treatment at a tertiary care center with a multidisciplinary approach may mitigate the health disparities seen in other treatment settings. Future research should include larger multicenter studies investigating the complex interrelationships among race/ethnicity, SES, and clinical outcomes in this understudied patient population. Occurrence of aGVHD was the only factor associated with inferior OS, emphasizing a need for better prevention and treatment strategies in children with non-malignant diseases.
Letting Logos Speak: Leveraging Multiview Representation Learning for Data-Driven Branding and Logo Design

Logos serve a fundamental role as the visual figureheads of brands. Yet, due to the difficulty of using unstructured image data, prior research on logo design has largely been limited to non-quantitative studies. In this work, we explore the interplay between logo design and brand identity creation from a data-driven perspective. We develop both a novel logo feature extraction algorithm that uses modern image processing tools to decompose pixel-level image data into meaningful features, and a multiview representation learning framework that links these visual features to textual descriptions, consumer ratings of brand personality, and other high-level tags describing firms. We apply this framework to a unique dataset of brands, to understand which brands use which logo features, and how consumers evaluate these brands’ personalities. Moreover, we show that manipulating the model’s learned representations through what we term “brand arithmetic” yields new brand identities, and can help with ideation. Finally, through an application to fast food branding, we show how our model can be used as a decision support tool for suggesting typical logo features for a brand, and for predicting consumers’ reactions to new brands or rebranding efforts.
Factors Associated with Initial Interest and Treatment Selection in Patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome.

BACKGROUND Outcomes for operative and nonoperative management of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) are variable. Understanding factors that inform patients' treatment decisions may optimize their outcomes. OBJECTIVE To identify factors that predict which patients with FAIS proceed to surgery within 90 days of their initial evaluation by an orthopedic surgeon. The study explored potential predictors of surgical intervention, including demographic factors, activity level, symptom duration, previous treatment, hip function, pain, presence of labral tear, and patient interest in surgical and physical therapy (PT) treatment. DESIGN Prospective cohort. SETTING Single-site academic medical center. PATIENTS Seventy-seven individuals with FAIS. INTERVENTION After evaluation in a hip preservation clinic, participants reported activity level, symptom duration, treatment history, hip function [Hip Outcome Score Activities of Daily Living(HOS-ADL)], pain severity and location, and treatment interests. These variables were evaluated based on univariate analysis for entry into a multiple binomial logistic regression to identify predictors of surgery within 90 days. Adjusted marginal prevalence ratios and 95% confidence interval estimates (PR [95% CI]) were reported (P ≤ .05). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Ninety-day treatment (surgery or not). RESULTS Participants indicated initial interest in surgery (n = 27), PT (n = 22), both (n = 18), or neither (n = 10). Those only interested in PT had lower prevalence of diagnosed labral tear (P < .001) and previous PT for the hip (P < .001). Prevalence of previous injection was higher for those only interested in surgery than for those with any interest in PT (P < .001). Thirty-six of 77 participants (46%) underwent surgery within 90 days. Surgical interest (3.56 [1.57, 5.46]), previous hip injection (3.06 [1.73, 3.89]), younger age (0.95 [0.92, 0.98]), and worse hip function (0.97 [0.95, 0.99]) were significant (P ≤ .02) predictors of surgery. CONCLUSIONS Treatment interest and history, patient function, and age were significantly related to participants' decision to pursue surgical intervention within 90 days. Patient engagement in the decision-making process should include considerations of patient knowledge of, and experience with, the various treatment options.
Techno-economic impacts of using a laser-guided variable-rate spraying system to retrofit conventional constant-rate sprayers

Specialty crops, such as apples, are vulnerable to insects and pathogens, and require higher pesticide input than row crops, a significant fraction of which is off-target loss, causing adverse environmental and socio-economic impacts. An advanced laser-guided variable-rate sprayer (VRS) could improve spray deposition uniformity and minimize pesticide waste, while maintaining efficacy against insects and pathogens. Despite these merits, retrofitting a conventional sprayer with laser-guided variable-rate spraying functions adds to its cost. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the techno-economics of a conventional pesticide sprayer retrofitted with VRS, in comparison to a conventional constant-rate sprayer (CRS) for pesticide application during apple production. A techno-economic model was developed for the apple orchards covering areas of 4 and 20 ha, which are common orchard sizes in the USA. The model incorporated cost for operation, equipment, fuel use and labor during pesticide application. The data were obtained from field tests in orchards in Ohio, USA in years 2016 and 2017, literature, and the original VRS development team at USDA-ARS and Ohio State University. The results indicated that VRS can reduce pesticide costs by 60–67%, pesticide application time by 27–32% and labor and fuel by 28% compared to CRS. For larger orchards, VRS also reduced equipment requirement. Compared to CRS, overall annual pesticide application cost savings by using VRS were between $1420 and $1750 ha−1. The payback time for using VRS was estimated to be between 1.1 and 3.8 years for apple orchards between 4 and 20 ha, respectively, in Ohio.
Enigmatic MELK: The controversy surrounding its complex role in cancer

The Ser/Thr protein kinase MELK (maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase) has been considered an attractive therapeutic target for managing cancer since 2005. Studies using expression analysis have indicated that MELK expression is higher in numerous cancer cells and tissues than in their normal, nonneoplastic counterparts. Further, RNAi-mediated MELK depletion impairs proliferation of multiple cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and these growth defects can be rescued with exogenous WT MELK, but not kinase-dead MELK complementation. Pharmacological MELK inhibition with OTS167 (alternatively called OTSSP167) and NVS-MELK8a, among other small molecules, also impairs cancer cell growth. These collective results led to MELK being classified as essential for cancer proliferation. More recently, in 2017, the proliferation of TNBC and other cancer cell lines was reported to be unaffected by genetic CRISPR/Cas9-mediated MELK deletion, calling into question the essentiality of this kinase in cancer. To date, the requirement of MELK in cancer remains controversial, and mechanisms underlying the disparate growth effects observed with RNAi, pharmacological inhibition, and CRISPR remain unclear. Our objective with this review is to highlight the evidence on both sides of this controversy, to provide commentary on the purported requirement of MELK in cancer, and to emphasize the need for continued elucidation of the functions of MELK.
Small cell bladder cancer: Treatment patterns and clinical outcomes.

e17014Background: Small cell bladder cancer (SCBC) is a rare histologic variant associated with poor oncologic outcomes and propensity for metastasis, however, there remains a paucity of data regar...
Documentation of Hepatitis B Immunity in Nursing Students

Because of the risk of occupational exposure, preparation for nursing student clinical placement includes documentation of the hepatitis B immunization series. Requiring a hepatitis B antibody titer is less common. Immunity from the hepatitis B vaccine decreases over time, particularly for those immunized as infants. A record review of one nursing program that required both immunization and an antibody titer found 86 percent of students immunized as infants had low antibody levels, requiring reimmunization following 2013 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. Nursing education programs that do not require antibody titers should reevaluate their policies to protect their students.
Experiences of Parent-Advocates of Trans and Gender Non-Conforming Youth

There is a need for more research on the experiences of affirming parents of pre-adolescent transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) children. This study explores how parents conceptualized adv...
Teaching Latinx students: Do teacher ethnicity and bilingualism matter?

Abstract Prior research has indicated that both mainstream (e.g., positive classroom behavior management) and culturally responsive teaching practices (e.g., cultural socialization in the classroom and promoting parent involvement), as well as teacher-student ethnic match, are associated with greater academic achievement for students of color. The purpose of this study was to examine teacher-student ethnic match and culturally responsive teaching self-efficacy as predictors of self-reported teaching practices used with Latinx students. The present study used a sample of 236 teachers (38.6% Spanish-speaking Latinx) of Latinx students in New York City public schools. We found that bilingual Latinx teachers reported using more effective mainstream and culturally responsive teaching practices compared to non-Latinx teachers (who did not speak Spanish). Using structural equation modeling, we found support for a model in which greater reported use of effective teaching practices by bilingual Latinx teachers is mediated by their greater culturally responsive teaching self-efficacy. Taken together, the findings suggest that greater confidence with culturally responsive teaching among Spanish-speaking Latinx teachers contributes to improved classroom environments for Latinx students.
Cognitive Intra-individual Variability in HIV: an Integrative Review

Nearly 30-50% of people living with HIV experience HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND). HAND indicates performance at least one standard deviation below the normative mean on any two cognitive domains. This method for diagnosing or classifying cognitive impairment has utility, however, cognitive intraindividual variability provides a different way to understand cognitive impairment. Cognitive intraindividual variability refers to the scatter in cognitive performance within repeated measures of the same cognitive test (i.e., inconsistency) or across different cognitive tests (i.e., dispersion). Cognitive intraindividual variability is associated with cognitive impairment and cognitive decline in various clinical populations. This integrative review of 13 articles examined two types of cognitive intraindividual variability in people living with HIV, inconsistency and dispersion. Cognitive intraindividual variability appears to be a promising approach to detect subtle cognitive impairments that are not captured by traditional mean-based neuropsychological testing. Greater intraindividual variability in people living with HIV has been associated with: 1) poorer cognitive performance and cognitive decline, 2) cortical atrophy, both gray and white matter volume, 3) poorer everyday functioning (i.e., driving simulation performance), specifically medication adherence, and 4) even mortality. This inspires future directions for research. First, greater cognitive intraindividual variability may reflect a greater task demand on executive control to harness and regulate cognitive control over time. By improving executive functioning through cognitive training, it may reduce cognitive intraindividual variability which could slow down cognitive decline. Second, cognitive intraindividual variability may be reconsidered in prior cognitive intervention studies in which only mean-based cognitive outcomes were used. It is possible that such cognitive interventions may actually improve cognitive intraindividual variability, which could have clinical relevance.
Concurrent timestamping made simple

Concurrent Timestamp Systems (CTSS) allow processes to temporally order concurrent events in an asynchronous shared memory system. Bounded memory constructions of a CTSS are extremely powerful tools for concurrency control, and are the basis for solutions to many coordination problems including mutual exclusion, randomized consensus, and multiwriter multireader atomic registers. Unfortunately, known bounded CTSS constructions seem to be complex from the algorithmic point of view. Because of the importance of bounded , CTSS the rather involved original construction by Dolev and Shavit was followed by a series of papers that tried to provide more easily verifiable CTSS constructions. In this paper, we present what we believe is the simplest, most modular, and most easily proven bounded CTSS algorithm known to date. The algorithm is constructed and its correctness proven by carefully reasoned use of several tools. Our algorithm combines the labeling method of the Dolev-Shavit CTSS with the atomic snapshot algorithm proposed in Afek et. al, in a way that limits the number of interleavings that can occur. To facilitate our correctness proof, we introduce a specially tailored intermediate CTSS specification using unbounded label values taken from the positive reals. Our correctness proof first shows that the real-number based specification meets the CTSS axioms. Using the forward simulation techniques of the I/O Automata model, we then show that our bounded algorithm implements the real-number based specification. Finally, we prove that any CTSS that meets the CTSS axioms can be used to implement multireader multiwriter atomic registers and first-some-first-serve (fcfs) mutual exclusion.
Superconducting Critical Currents in Wire Samples and Some Experimental Coils

For a given hard superconductor, the transition boundary between the superconducting and the normal state is known to be a function of many variables. Three primary variables are the temperature, the magnetic field, and the current density. Two additional variables are the orientation of the current relative to the magnetic field and the history of the sample since it became superconducting. In short-wire samples which have been cooled in zero magnetic field and are held in a fixed orientation with respect to the field, a fairly well-defined transition boundary can be determined which depends only upon the temperature, the magnetic field strength, and the amount of current passed through the wire. When the wire from which the sample was taken is wound in a coil, the conditions are apparently the same as for the short-sample measurement. The coil and sample are both cooled in liquid helium in zero magnetic field, and the field generated by the coil is in the same transverse orientation to the current. One would expect to find that transition from the superconducting state occurs at the same value of current passed through the wire. In fact, the transition occurs at some much lower value of current. Evidently, the expected conditions are not realized in the local wire environment in the coil. Perhaps the temperature of the wire has somehow been raised. Perhaps the particular history of the wire during the rise of current and field has resulted in eddy currents that raise the current density to the critical value for low values of input current. Or there may be undiscovered variables. This paper can only present experimental results to more completely describe the problem.
Protein kinase D1 links IRAK1 and TRAF6 in the MyD88-dependent Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. (INM9P.457)

The initial proinflammatory responses to Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula (SR), which causes farmers' lung disease, is dependent on Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and MyD88, and MyD88 is absolutely required for SR-induced protein kinase D1 (PKD1) activation. We found that SR-mediated proinflammatory responses and neutrophil infiltration in the lungs are ablated in mice treated with PKD inhibitor or lacking the PKD1 gene. However, the mechanisms by which PKD1 is activated and functions to regulate TLR signaling are incompletely understood. In the present study, we found that upon TLR ligand stimulation, the receptor signaling complex composed of MyD88, IRAK4, IRAK1, TRAF6, and PKD1 is formed in membrane lipid rafts and that IRAK4 and IRAK1, but not TRAF6, are required for recruitment of PKD1 to the receptor complex and for activation by TLR ligands. In addition, MyD88-dependent translocation of TRAF6 into lipid rafts, ubiquitination of TRAF6, degradation of IRAK1, and activation of TAK1 are dependent on PKD1. Our findings indicate that PKD1 is a downstream effector of IRAK1, but an upstream modulator of TRAF6. Together with the known ability of PKD1 to shuttle between membrane lipid rafts and the cytosol, our results further support the hypothesis that PKD1 functions as a molecular shuttle that brings TRAF6 to IRAK1 in membrane lipid rafts and then aids in translocation of the IRAK1/TRAF6 complex to the cytosol, where TRAF6 interacts with its downstream effectors.
Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA for a 13th different subunit (IHQ) of beef heart cytochrome c oxidase.

The mammalian cytochrome c oxidase is a complex of 13 different subunits. We present the full amino acid sequence of the one remaining uncharacterized subunit, subunit IHQ in the nomenclature used here, VIIb in the numbering system of Kadenbach and colleagues (e.g. Kadenbach, B., and Merle, P. (1981) FEBS Lett. 135, 1-11). A partial protein sequence was obtained from the purified subunit isolated by gel filtration procedures. This information was used to synthesize an oligonucleotide probe which was then used to isolate a cDNA clone encoding the subunit. This cDNA for subunit IHQ is 480 base pairs long and encodes a polypeptide which is either 83 or 88 amino acids long, including an N-terminal leader sequence of either 27 or 32 residues. The molecular weight of the mature subunit IHQ is 6350 based on the amino acid sequence deduced from the gene. The leader sequence is typical of other mitochondrial target sequences in having several positively charged residues but no negatively charged side chains.
Oddities of Yidiɲ Stress Revisited

The Australian language Yidi ɲ exhibits an unusual stress pattern: The penultimate syllable and every other syllable to the left bears stress, but penultimate lengthening occurs only in words containing an odd number of syllables. We propose that the lengthening is due to a rhythm-enhancing trade-off: Either the word begins with a stressed syllable or the penultimate syllable is lengthened. This approach is supported by the results of two perception studies. Specifically, it was found that test-strings without initial stress were significantly less likely to be correctly categorized as having rhythmic alternation than test-strings with initial stress. While it has been known that languages prefer words to begin with a stressed syllable these studies provide evidence that starting with a stressed syllable aids listeners in hearing a rhythmic pattern and, further, supports the proposed motivation for the distribution of penultimate lengthening in Yidi ɲ .
Universal and Representative Instances Using Unmarked Nulls

Representative instances are important since in addition to the universal relation view they permit updates in the individual relations; if these updates are locally valid, then they do not violate global consistency. In this paper, we first give conditions under which we can construct a universal instance I which uses only one type of nulls (unmarked nulls) and whose total projections onto the relation schemes yield exactly the database relations. Then, we give a necessary and sufficient condition under which this I is actually a representative instance. Our conditions are simple and easily maintained.
Preservation of fossil diatoms in Atlantic sediment cores: control by supply rate

Abstract Dissolution of fossil diatoms in piston cores from the North and equatorial Atlantic Ocean is generally severe only in areas of low primary productivity, and hence low fluxes of diatoms to the sea floor. In silica-rich sediments, initial dissolution increases the silica content of pore waters, which acts as a buffer against continued dissolution. Thus down-core decrease in accumulation rates reflects relative loos compared to initial supply rates, rather than absolute dissolution. Most records show either very strong or very weak impact by post-depositional dissolution. An empirical model suggest that in pelagic sediments, dissolution measurably affects diatom accumulation only when supply is below approximately 2.5 × 10 8 diatom fragments cm −2 1000 y −1 , or 6.4 × 10 6 whole diatoms cm −2 1000 y −1 . Other factors may also influence the preservation of siliceous microfossils; however, water depth has no discernible effect on the relative severity of opal dissolution in sediments of the abyssal Atlantic.
Design of a Multiple-Actuation Shape Memory Alloy Pipe Coupler: Material Development and Characterization

Shape memory alloy (SMA) pipe couplers use the shape memory effect to apply a contact pressure onto the surface of the pipes to be coupled. In the current research, an SMA pipe coupler is designed, fabricated and tested. The thermally induced contact pressure depends on several factors such as the dimensions and properties of the coupler-pipe system. An in-house developed NiTi alloy system is considered for the coupler. The coupling pressure is measured using strain gages mounted on the internal surface of an elastic steel ring. Thermal actuation response of the coupler is determined under both stressed and stress-free conditions. In addition, the state of anisotropy is investigated in the coupler by characterizing samples in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Unlike the commercially available NiTiNb couplers, the NiTi coupler demonstrates a multiple actuation response and higher contact pressure. The state of anisotropy is investigated in the couplers by characterizing samples in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The results show no change in transformation temperatures with respect to two perpendicular transverse and longitudinal directions, however, the material can undergo higher transformation strains in the longitudinal direction.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Experimental measurement of dynamic crack-tip stress-field parameters under transient loading

Abstract The asymptotic stress field near the tip of a transient crack is examined. It is shown that the transient terms become important in determining the stress state only if their magnitude exceeds a certain material-dependent value; below this, a lower-order analysis is shown to be appropriate. The implications of this on experimental measurements and on fracture characterization are examined.
On shape classifications and invariants

Abstract A general description of shapes of inverse sequences in an arbitrary category in presented, patterned after the Mardesic-Segal formulation of shape in terms of ANR-systems. This is applied to classify, up to shape, all П-like metric continua, where П is a particular class of finite polyhedra. New shape invariants which generalize the concept of movability are presented.
ANALYSIS OF CANOPY INDEX VALUES FOR VARIOUS CANOPY DENSITIES

Canopy wind profiles can often be represented by an exponential function such that wind-speeds in these vegetative canopies are a function of height and the attenuation coefficient of this wind profile relationship. To be more precise, canopy flow is a function of canopy density, element flexibility, and height. An index of canopy flow, therefore, can be defined as a conservative measure of the gross flow response to the presence of various types of roughness elements. For this study, windspeed profile data of two quite different canopy density experiments — field and wind tunnel - have been analyzed based on least-square fittings. The results indicate that the two sets of index values of canopy flow behave in a similar manner with maxima occurring for optimum densities of one-third the potential full array of roughness elements. These index values also differ by some 0.2, but are still compatible when one accounts for the respective levels of turbulence within these dissimilar canopies.
Water adsorption in hydrophobic nanopores: Monte Carlo simulations of water in silicalite

Abstract Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out to investigate the adsorption of water from the vapor phase into the zeolite silicalite. For truly hydrophobic micropores, the simulations predict essentially no adsorption of water at low pressures, followed by rapid pore filling as pressure is increased. The effect of silanol defects in real silicalite samples was explored through simulations using “seeded” water molecules to represent hydrophilic defects. These defects promote adsorption of some water at low pressures, as molecules form hydrogen-bonded clusters around the defects. The defects also shift the pore filling to a lower pressure than in the completely hydrophobic material.
Works of Art and Works of Information: Reflections for the Twentieth Anniversary of the Women Art Series, Mabel Smith Douglass Library

Works work when by stimulating inquisitive looking, sharpening perception, raising visual intelligence, widening perspectives, bringing out new connections and contrasts . . . they participate in the organization and reorganization of experience, and thus in the making and remaking of our worlds. . . . Sensation and perception and feeling and reason are all facets of cognition, and they affect and are affected by each other. Works work when they inform vision; inform not by supplying information but by forming or reforming or transforming vision; vision not as confined to ocular perception but as understanding in general. . . . Works work by interacting with all our experience and all our cognitive processes in the continuing advancement of our understanding.-Nelson Goodman 1. I. Every thoughtful experience of information contributes to the construction of identity. We are formed by the structures and processes that inform us; gradually, we create ourselves as we resolve our unknowns. Among all possible information structures and processes, those of the library are special. In our culture, the library is a humanizing instrument. It contains expansive tools, requires reflective thinking, depends on communication, and conducts the learner toward inspired transformations of mind. The more informed and powerful we become, the more we require both passion and imagination to shape our future. When we encounter works of art amid works of information in the library, it is possible to see how they contribute mutually to the construction of a questioning, responsive life-how they contribute, in Nelson Goodmans words, to the making and remaking of our worlds.
Equations of motion for a variable-mass inertially-guided system.

I simulations of the flight of an inertially guided rocket vehicle, it is customary to represent the translational motion of the vehicle by a point mass. A more detailed simulation distinguishes between the "location of the vehicle" and the "location of the inertial platform." The former may be defined by the location of either the center of mass c or an identifiable point fixed in the vehicle; the latter is specified by the coordinates of another fixed point o in the vehicle. Absolute locations are usually defined with respect to an inertial coordinate system. As the propellant is burned and mass particles ejected, the simulation keeps track of c by integrating the equation of motion of a rocket. The simulated guidance system contains a "guidance computer" which integrates the specific force outputs of the simulated accelerometers to obtain the location of the point o. The present objective is to write the simulation equations to a degree of detail which will produce sufficiently accurate absolute positions of the vehicle and platform to obtain a realistic value for their relative position. Thomson derives the equations of motion of a variablemass system. The derivation is extended here to provide terms that are useful and convenient in solving the stated problem. The data that are given or assumed to be known from other parts of the simulation include the "engine thrust," the vehicle's angular velocity G> and a tabular timehistory of the relative location of the c.m. which extends over staging intervals. Following the notation of the reference, we start our derivation with a general form of the equation of motion [Eq. (9) o fRef . l ]